STS-109 Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Footage shows the crew of STS-109 (Commander Scott Altman, Pilot Duane Carey, Payload Commander John Grunsfeld, and Mission Specialists Nancy Currie, James Newman, Richard Linnehan, and Michael Massimino) during various parts of their training. Scenes show the crew's photo session, Post Landing Egress practice, training in Dome Simulator, Extravehicular Activity Training in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL), and using the Virtual Reality Laboratory Robotic Arm. The crew is also seen tasting food as they choose their menus for on-orbit meals.

ISS Training Best Practices and Lessons Learned

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Dempsey, Donna L.

2017-01-01

Training our crew members for long duration exploration-class missions (LDEM) will have to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from current training practices. However, there is much to be learned from the extensive experience NASA has gained in training crew members for missions on board the International Space Station (ISS). Furthermore, the operational experience on board the ISS provides valuable feedback concerning training effectiveness. Keeping in mind the vast differences between current ISS crew training and training for LDEM, the needs of future crew members, and the demands of future missions, this ongoing study seeks to document current training practices and lessons learned. The goal of the study is to provide input to the design of future crew training that takes as much advantage as possible of what has already been learned and avoids as much as possible past inefficiencies. Results from this study will be presented upon its completion. By researching established training principles, examining future needs, and by using current practices in spaceflight training as test beds, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs.

ISS Training Best Practices and Lessons Learned

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dempsey, Donna L.; Barshi, Immanuel

2018-01-01

Training our crew members for long-duration Deep Space Transport (DST) missions will have to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from current training practices. However, there is much to be learned from the extensive experience NASA has gained in training crew members for missions on board the International Space Station (ISS). Furthermore, the operational experience on board the ISS provides valuable feedback concerning training effectiveness. Keeping in mind the vast differences between current ISS crew training and training for DST missions, the needs of future crew members, and the demands of future missions, this ongoing study seeks to document current training practices and lessons learned. The goal of the study is to provide input to the design of future crew training that takes as much advantage as possible of what has already been learned and avoids as much as possible past inefficiencies. Results from this study will be presented upon its completion. By researching established training principles, examining future needs, and by using current practices in spaceflight training as test beds, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs.

Group-level issues in the design and training of cockpit crews

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hackman, J. Richard

1987-01-01

Cockpit crews always operate in an organizational context, and the transactions between the crew and representatives of that context (e.g., organizational managers, air traffic controllers) are consequential for any crew's performance. For a complete understanding of crew performance a look beyond the traditional focus on individual pilots is provided to see how team- and organization-level factors can enhance (or impede) the ability of even well-trained individuals to work together effectively. This way of thinking about cockpit crews (that is, viewing them as teams that operate in organizations) offers some potentially useful avenues for thinking about next steps in the development of CRM training programs. Those possibilities are explored, emphasizing how they can enrich (not replace) individually-focussed CRM training.

On-Board Training for US Payloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Benjamin; Meacham, Steven (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) crew follows a training rotation schedule that puts them in the United States about every three months for a three-month training window. While in the US, the crew receives training on both ISS systems and payloads. Crew time is limited, and system training takes priority over payload training. For most flights, there is sufficient time to train all systems and payloads. As more payloads are flown, training time becomes a more precious resource. Less training time requires payload developers (PDs) to develop alternatives to traditional ground training. To ensure their payloads have sufficient training to achieve their scientific goals, some PDs have developed on-board trainers (OBTs). These OBTs are used to train the crew when no or limited ground time is available. These lessons are also available on-orbit to refresh the crew about their ground training, if it was available. There are many types of OBT media, such as on-board computer based training (OCBT), video/photo lessons, or hardware simulators. The On-Board Training Working Group (OBTWG) and Courseware Development Working Group (CDWG) are responsible for developing the requirements for the different types of media.

Payload Crew Training Complex (PCTC) utilization and training plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Self, M. R.

1980-01-01

The physical facilities that comprise the payload crew training complex (PCTC) are described including the host simulator; experiment simulators; Spacelab aft flight deck, experiment pallet, and experiment rack mockups; the simulation director's console; payload operations control center; classrooms; and supporting soft- and hardware. The parameters of a training philosophy for payload crew training at the PCTC are established. Finally the development of the training plan is addressed including discussions of preassessment, and evaluation options.

A study evaluating if targeted training for startle effect can improve pilot reactions in handling unexpected situations in a flight simulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gillen, Michael William

Recent airline accidents point to a crew's failure to make correct and timely decisions following a sudden and unusual event that startled the crew. This study sought to determine if targeted training could augment decision making during a startle event. Following a startle event cognitive function is impaired for a short duration of time (30-90 seconds). In aviation, critical decisions are often required to be made during this brief, but critical, time frame. A total of 40 volunteer crews (80 individual pilots) were solicited from a global U.S. passenger airline. Crews were briefed that they would fly a profile in the simulator but were not made aware of what the profile would entail. The study participants were asked to complete a survey on their background and flying preferences. Every other crew received training on how to handle a startle event. The training consisted of a briefing and simulator practice. Crew members (subjects) were either presented a low altitude or high altitude scenario to fly in a full-flight simulator. The maneuver scenarios were analyzed using a series of one-way ANOVAs, t-tests and regression for the main effect of training on crew performance. The data indicated that the trained crews flew the maneuver profiles significantly better than the untrained crews and significantly better than the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) standards. Each scenario's sub factors were analyzed using regression to examine for specific predictors of performance. The results indicate that in the case of the high altitude profile, problem diagnosis was a significant factor, in the low altitude profile, time management was also a significant factor. These predicators can be useful in further targeting training. The study's findings suggest that targeted training can help crews manage a startle event, leading to a potential reduction of inflight loss of control accidents. The training was broad and intended to cover an overall aircraft handling approach rather than being aircraft specific. Inclusion of this type of training by airlines has the potential to better aid crews in handling sudden and unusual events.

Does CRM training work?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, R. L.

1991-01-01

Formal cockpit resource management training in crew coordination concepts increases the percentage of crews rated as above average in performance and decreases the percentage of crews rated as below average.

STS-47 Astronaut Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The crew of STS-47, Commander Robert L. Gibson, Pilot Curtis L. Brown, Payload Commander Mark C. Lee, Mission Specialists N. Jan Davis, Jay Apt, and Mae C. Jemison, and Payload Specialist Mamoru Mohri, is seen during various parts of their training, including SAREX training in the Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT), firefighting training. A familiarization flight in the KC-135, a food tasting, photo training in the Crew Compartment Trainer, and bailout training in the Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) are also shown.

STS-104 Crew Training Clips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

The crewmembers of STS-104, Commander Steven Lindsey, Pilot Charles Hobaugh, and Mission Specialists Michael Gernhardt, James Reilly, and Janet Kavandi, are seen during various stages of their training. Footage shows the following: (1) Water Survival Training at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL); (2) Rendezvous and Docking Training in the Shuttle Mission Simulator; (3) Training in the Space Station Airlock; (4) Training in the Virtual Reality Lab; (5) Post-insertion Operations in the Fixed Base Simulator; (6) Extravehicular Activity Training at the NBL; (7) Crew Stowage Training in the Space Station Mock-up Training Facility; and (8) Water Transfer Training in the Crew Compartment Trainer.

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the SMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS). Astronaut Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr., STS-4 pilot, takes part in training session wearing an ejection/escape (EES) spacesuit and helmet (31368); Astronaut Thomas K. (Ken) Mattingly, II., STS-4 crew commander, takes part in training session wearing an ejection/escape suit (31369).

76 FR 64960 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Crew Self-Defense...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and... self-defense training class provided by TSA, the collection process involves requesting, the name.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and Evaluation. Type...

STS-98 Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Footage shows the crew of STS-98 during various phases of their training, including an undocking simulation in the Fixed Bases Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS), bailout training, and extravehicular activity (EVA) training at the NBL.

14 CFR 21.195 - Experimental certificates: Aircraft to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. 21.195 Section 21.195... be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. (a) A manufacturer of... that is to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, or customer crew training. (b) A...

14 CFR 21.195 - Experimental certificates: Aircraft to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. 21.195 Section 21.195... be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. (a) A manufacturer of... that is to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, or customer crew training. (b) A...

14 CFR 21.195 - Experimental certificates: Aircraft to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. 21.195 Section 21.195... be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. (a) A manufacturer of... that is to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, or customer crew training. (b) A...

14 CFR 21.195 - Experimental certificates: Aircraft to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. 21.195 Section 21.195... be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. (a) A manufacturer of... that is to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, or customer crew training. (b) A...

STS-335 crew and training team during Bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-12-03

STS-335 crew and training team during Bailout training with instructors Bob Behrendsen and Patrick Jones. Photo Date: December 3, 2010. Location: Building 9NW - CCT-II Mockup. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Outcomes of crew resource management training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.; Wilhelm, John A.

1991-01-01

Participants' self-reports and measures of attitudes regarding flightdeck management indicate that crew resource management training is favorably received and causes highly significant, positive changes in attitudes regarding crew coordination and personal capabilities. However, a subset of participants reacted negatively to the training and showed boomerangs (negative change) in attitudes. Explorations into the causes of this effect pinpoint personality factors and group dynamics as critical determinants of reactions to training and of the magnitude and direction of attitude changes. Implications of these findings for organizations desiring to enhance crew effectiveness are discussed, and areas of needed additional research are described.

STS-114 Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

The crew of Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-114 is seen conducting several training exercises in preparation for their mission. The crew consists of Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, and Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi and Stephen Robinson. With them are Yuri Malenchenko, Sergei Moschenko, and Edward Lu, the intended Expedition 7 crew of the International Space Station (ISS). During extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the virtual reality (VR) laboratory, crew members explore the exterior of the ISS, seen on a monitor. Suiting up with VR equipment is also shown. More EVA training takes place in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Here the astronauts are suited up for the NBL pool, and lowered into the water on a platform. After a crew photo session, the astronauts are seated in the Motion Base Simulator in their flight suits. The simulator is shown rocking side-to-side. The crew also hears a hands-on explanation of EVA preparations in the ISS airlock, and practices emergency egress from the CCT, a simulator shaped like an orbiter.

Strategies for the study of flightcrew behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1991-01-01

The performance of any flightcrew at any given time is determined by multiple factors ranging from characteristics of individual crewmembers to the regulations governing flight operations. Attention is given to microcoding of communications, survey data on crewmember attitudes as indicators of culture and crew resource management (CRM) training effects, and systematic observation of crew behavior. Consideration is given to advanced CRM training of evaluators, analyses of crew behavior by aircraft type and characteristics, and survey data on crew reactions to line oriented flight training.

Evaluating the effectiveness of cockpit resource management training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1989-01-01

The concept of providing flight crews with intensive training in crew coordination and interpersonal skills (cockpit resource management training - CRM) is outlined with emphasis on full mission simulator training (line-oriented flight training - LOFT). Findings from several airlines that have instituted CRM and LOFT are summarized. Four types of criteria used for evaluating CRM programs: observer ratings of crew behavior, measures of attitudes regarding cockpit management, self-reports by participants on the value of the training, and case studies of CRM-related incidents and accidents are covered. Attention is focused on ratings of the performance of crews during line flights and during simulator sessions conducted as a part of LOFT. A boomerang effect - the emergence of a subgroup that has changed the attitudes in the opposite direction from that desired is emphasized.

International Space Station Payload Training Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Deborah B.; Noneman, Steven R.; Sanchez, Julie N.

2001-01-01

This paper describes payload crew training-related activities performed by NASA and the U.S. Payload Developer (PD) community for the International Space Station (ISS) Program. It describes how payloads will be trained and the overall training planning and integration process. The overall concept, definition, and template for payload training are described. The roles and responsibilities of individuals, organizations, and groups involved are discussed. The facilities utilized during payload training and the primary processes and activities performed to plan, develop, implement, and administer payload training for ISS crews are briefly described. Areas of improvement to crew training processes that have been achieved or are currently being worked are identified.

Expedition 29/30 crew training during Electrical Power System Major Case training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-22

PHOTO DATE: 22 June 2011 LOCATION: Bldg. 5, Space Station Training Facility. SUBJECT: Expedition 29/30 crew training during Electrical Power System Major Case training event. Astronauts Dan Burbank, Don Pettit and Andre Kuipers working together in mockup. PHOTOGRAPHER: Mark Sowa

Train Generated Air Contaminants in the Train Crew's Working Environment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-02-01

This document contains data on the levels of air contaminants in the train crew's working environment. Measurements were made in locomotive cabs and cabooses of freight trains travelling through long tunnels and over mountainous terrain. In addition,...

78 FR 42994 - Waiver of 14 CFR 437.29 and 437.55(a) for Scaled Composites, LLC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

... the SS2. This training also enhances the speed and reaction time of the crew, and allows the crew to... means it will not pitch in a vertical motion and not always mimic real flight conditions. The White... tolerance training, the SS2 crew completes an aerobatic training course that covers g tolerance, motion...

The Evolution of On-Board Emergency Training for the International Space Station Crew

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LaBuff, Skyler

2015-01-01

The crew of the International Space Station (ISS) receives extensive ground-training in order to safely and effectively respond to any potential emergency event while on-orbit, but few people realize that their training is not concluded when they launch into space. The evolution of the emergency On- Board Training events (OBTs) has recently moved from paper "scripts" to an intranet-based software simulation that allows for the crew, as well as the flight control teams in Mission Control Centers across the world, to share in an improved and more realistic training event. This emergency OBT simulator ensures that the participants experience the training event as it unfolds, completely unaware of the type, location, or severity of the simulated emergency until the scenario begins. The crew interfaces with the simulation software via iPads that they keep with them as they translate through the ISS modules, receiving prompts and information as they proceed through the response. Personnel in the control centers bring up the simulation via an intranet browser at their console workstations, and can view additional telemetry signatures in simulated ground displays in order to assist the crew and communicate vital information to them as applicable. The Chief Training Officers and emergency instructors set the simulation in motion, choosing the type of emergency (rapid depressurization, fire, or toxic atmosphere) and specific initial conditions to emphasize the desired training objectives. Project development, testing, and implementation was a collaborative effort between ISS emergency instructors, Chief Training Officers, Flight Directors, and the Crew Office using commercial off the shelf (COTS) hardware along with simulation software created in-house. Due to the success of the Emergency OBT simulator, the already-developed software has been leveraged and repurposed to develop a new emulator used during fire response ground-training to deliver data that the crew receives from the handheld Compound Specific Analyzer for Combustion Products (CSA-CP). This CSA-CP emulator makes use of a portion of codebase from the Emergency OBT simulator dealing with atmospheric contamination during fire scenarios, and feeds various data signatures to crew via an iPod Touch with a flight-like CSA-CP display. These innovative simulations, which make use of COTS hardware with custom in-house software, have yielded drastic improvements to emergency training effectiveness and risk reduction for ISS crew and flight control teams during on-orbit and ground training events.

STS-47 MS Jemison trains in SLJ module at MSFC Payload Crew Training Complex

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, Mission Specialist (MS) Mae C. Jemison, wearing Autogenic Feedback Training System 2 suit, works with the Frog Embryology Experiment in a General Purpose Workstation (GPWS) in the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) module mockup at the Payload Crew Training Complex. The experiment will study the effects of weightlessness on the development of frog eggs fertilized in space. The Payload Crew Training Complex is located at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. View provided with alternate number 92P-139.

STS-62 crew prepare for emergency egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-11-05

S93-48458 (5 Nov. 1993) --- In the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory, the five crew members training for NASA's next mission are assisted in donning their partial pressure launch and entry suits. From left to right are astronaut John H. Casper, Andrew M. Allen, Pierre J. Thuot, Charles D. (Sam) Gemar and Marsha S. Ivins. Minutes later the crew was in the crew compartment trainer (CCT) rehearsing their scheduled March 1994 mission aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. Launch, landing and emergency egress procedures were covered in the training session.

Landing and Rollout STS-135 Crew Training on the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames (Reporter Pkg)

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-05

Every Space Shuttle flight crew has trained for the final phase of a Shuttle mission, landing and rollout, using the VMS at NASA Ames. This story follows at the crew of STS-135, the final Space Shuttle mission, as they train on the VMS. Includes an interview with Chris Ferguson, the STS-135 mission commander.

An Onboard ISS Virtual Reality Trainer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miralles, Evelyn

2013-01-01

Prior to the retirement of the Space Shuttle, many exterior repairs on the International Space Station (ISS) were carried out by shuttle astronauts, trained on the ground and flown to the Station to perform these specific repairs. With the retirement of the shuttle, this is no longer an available option. As such, the need for ISS crew members to review scenarios while on flight, either for tasks they already trained for on the ground or for contingency operations has become a very critical issue. NASA astronauts prepare for Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVA) or Spacewalks through numerous training media, such as: self-study, part task training, underwater training in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL), hands-on hardware reviews and training at the Virtual Reality Laboratory (VRLab). In many situations, the time between the last session of a training and an EVA task might be 6 to 8 months. EVA tasks are critical for a mission and as time passes the crew members may lose proficiency on previously trained tasks and their options to refresh or learn a new skill while on flight are limited to reading training materials and watching videos. In addition, there is an increased need for unplanned contingency repairs to fix problems arising as the Station ages. In order to help the ISS crew members maintain EVA proficiency or train for contingency repairs during their mission, the Johnson Space Center's VRLab designed an immersive ISS Virtual Reality Trainer (VRT). The VRT incorporates a unique optical system that makes use of the already successful Dynamic On-board Ubiquitous Graphics (DOUG) software to assist crew members with procedure reviews and contingency EVAs while on board the Station. The need to train and re-train crew members for EVAs and contingency scenarios is crucial and extremely demanding. ISS crew members are now asked to perform EVA tasks for which they have not been trained and potentially have never seen before. The Virtual Reality Trainer (VRT) provides an immersive 3D environment similar to the one experienced at the VRLab crew training facility at the NASA Johnson Space Center. VRT bridges the gap by allowing crew members to experience an interactive, 3D environment to reinforce skills already learned and to explore new work sites and repair procedures outside the Station.

ASTP crewmen have a meal during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The American ASTP prime crewmen have a meal with the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crewmen during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. The four are inside the Soyuz Orbital Module mock-up in bldg 35. They are, left to right, Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and Cosmonaut Valeriy M. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit. During the actual mission the other American crewman, Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot, would be in the Command Module.

Theory underlying CRM training: Psychological issues in flight crew performance and crew coordination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1987-01-01

What psychological theory and research can reveal about training in Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) is summarized. A framework is provided for the critical analysis of current approaches to CRM training. Background factors and definitions critical to evaluating CRM are reviewed, followed by a discussion of issues directly related to CRM training effectiveness. Some of the things not known about the optimization of crew performance and the research needed to make these efforts as effective as possible are described.

Airline Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

The discovery that human error has caused many more airline crashes than mechanical malfunctions led to an increased emphasis on teamwork and coordination in airline flight training programs. Human factors research at Ames Research Center has produced two crew training programs directed toward more effective operations. Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) defines areas like decision making, workload distribution, communication skills, etc. as essential in addressing human error problems. In 1979, a workshop led to the implementation of the CRM program by United Airlines, and later other airlines. In Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT), crews fly missions in realistic simulators while instructors induce emergency situations requiring crew coordination. This is followed by a self critique. Ames Research Center continues its involvement with these programs.

STS-7 crew training in the shuttle mission simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

STS-7 crew training in the shuttle mission simulator (SMS). Astronaut Frederick H. Hauck, STS-7 pilot, gets some assistance with his safety helmet from Alan M. Rochford, a suit specialist, during a training session in the JSC mission simulations and training facility (32722); Four of the five STS-7 crewmembers train in the shuttle mission simulator (SMS), taking the same seats they will occupy during launch and landing. Pictured, left to right, are Astronauts Robert L. Crippen, commander; Frederick H. Hauck, pilot; Dr. Sally K. Ride and John M. Fabian (almost totally obscured), mission specialists. The crew is wearing civilian clothes and their shuttle helmets (32723); Portrait view of Dr. Ride exiting the SMS (32724); Dr. Ride and other crew preparing to leave the SMS (32725).

The Effects of Long-Duration Spaceflight on Training Retention and Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Healy, Alice; Dempsey, Donna L.; McGuire, Kerry M.; Landon, Lauren B.

2018-01-01

Training our crew members for long duration, exploration-class missions will have to maximize long-term retention and transfer of the trained skills. The expected duration of the missions, our inability to predict all the possible tasks the crew will be called upon to perform, and the low training-to-mission time ratio require that the training be maximally effective such that the skills acquired during training will be retained and will be transferrable across a wide range of specific tasks that are different from the particular tasks used during training. However, to be able to design training that can achieve these ambitious goals, we must first understand the ways in which long-duration spaceflight affects training retention and transfer. Current theories of training retention and transfer are largely based on experimental studies conducted at university laboratories using undergraduate students as participants. Furthermore, all such studies have been conducted on Earth. We do not know how well the results of these studies predict the performance of crew members. More specifically, we do not know how well the results of these studies predict the performance of crew members in space and especially during long-duration missions. To address this gap in our knowledge, the current on-going study seeks to test the null hypothesis that performance of university undergraduate students on Earth on training retention and transfer tests do in fact predict accurately the performance of crew members during long-duration spaceflights. To test this hypothesis, the study employs a single 16-month long experimental protocol with 3 different participant groups: undergraduate university students, crew members on the ground, and crew members in space. Results from this study will be presented upon its completion. This poster presents results of study trials of the two tasks used in this study: a data entry task and a mapping task. By researching established training principles, by examining future needs, and by using current practices in spaceflight training as test beds, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs.

The Effects of Long-Duration Spaceflight on Training Retention and Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Healy, Alice; Dempsey, Donna L.; Mcguire, Kerry; Landon, Lauren

2017-01-01

Training our crew members for long duration, exploration-class missions will have to maximize long-term retention and transfer of the trained skills. The expected duration of the missions, our inability to predict all the possible tasks the crew will be called upon to perform, and the low training-to-mission time ratio require that the training be maximally effective such that the skills acquired during training will be retained and will be transferrable across a wide range of specific tasks that are different from the particular tasks used during training. However, to be able to design training that can achieve these ambitious goals, we must first understand the ways in which long-duration spaceflight affects training retention and transfer. Current theories of training retention and transfer are largely based on experimental studies conducted at university laboratories using undergraduate students as participants. Furthermore, all such studies have been conducted on Earth. We do not know how well the results of these studies predict the performance of crew members. More specifically, we do not know how well the results of these studies predict the performance of crew members in space and especially during long-duration missions. To address this gap in our knowledge, the current on-going study seeks to test the null hypothesis that performance of university undergraduate students on Earth on training retention and transfer tests do in fact predict accurately the performance of crew members during long-duration spaceflights. To test this hypothesis, the study employs a single 16-month long experimental protocol with 3 different participant groups: undergraduate university students, crew members on the ground, and crew members in space. Results from this study will be presented upon its completion. This poster presents results of study trials of the two tasks used in this study: a data entry task and a mapping task. By researching established training principles, by examining future needs, and by using current practices in spaceflight training as test beds, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs.

14 CFR 460.7 - Operator training of crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Operator training of crew. 460.7 Section 460.7 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS Launch and Reentry with Crew § 460.7...

14 CFR 460.7 - Operator training of crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Operator training of crew. 460.7 Section 460.7 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS Launch and Reentry with Crew § 460.7...

14 CFR 460.7 - Operator training of crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Operator training of crew. 460.7 Section 460.7 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS Launch and Reentry with Crew § 460.7...

14 CFR 460.7 - Operator training of crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Operator training of crew. 460.7 Section 460.7 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS Launch and Reentry with Crew § 460.7...

Astronaut Stafford and Cosmonaut Leonov during joint crew training at JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-24

S75-21945 (24 Feb. 1975) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (left) and astronaut Thomas P. Stafford take part in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are commanders of their respective prime crews. The training session simulated the activities of the second day in Earth orbit. Stafford and Leonov are in the Docking Module mock-up.

Integrated Approach to Flight Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carroll, J. E.

1984-01-01

The computer based approach used by United Airlines for flight training is discussed. The human factors involved in specific aircraft accidents are addressed. Flight crew interaction and communication as they relate to training and flight safety are considered.

Realistic training for effective crew performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foushee, H. C.

1985-01-01

Evaluation of incident and accident statistics reveals that most problems occur not because of a lack of proficiency in pilot training, but because of the inability to coordinate skills into effective courses of action. Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) and Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) programs provide training which will develop both individual crew member skills, as well as those associated with effective group function. A study conducted by NASA at the request of the U.S. Congress supports the argument for training that enhances crew performance in addition to providing individual technical skills, and is described in detail.

Medical Training Issues and Skill Mix for Exploration Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janney, R. P.; Armstrong, C. W.; Stepaniak, P. C.; Billica, Roger (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The approach for treating in-flight medical events during exploration-class missions must reflect the need for an autonomous crew, and cannot be compared to current space flight therapeutic protocols. An exploration mission exposes the crew to periods of galactic cosmic radiation, isolation, confinement, and microgravity deconditioning far exceeding the low-Earth orbital missions performed to date. In addition, exploration crews will not be able to return to Earth at the onset of a medical event and will need to control the situation in-flight. Medical consultations with Earth-based physicians will be delayed as much as 40 minutes, dictating the need for a highly-trained medical team on board. This presentation will address the mix of crew medical skills and the training required for crew health care providers for missions beyond low-Earth orbit. Both low- and high-risk options for medical skill mix and preflight training will be compared.

STS-114: Crew Training Clip from JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

STS-114 Discovery crew is shown in various training exercises at Johnson Space Center. The crew consists of Eileen Collins, Commander; James Kelley, Pilot; Charles Camarda, Mission Specialist; Wendy Lawrence, Mission Specialist; Soichi Noguchi, Mission Specialist; Steve Robinson, Mission Specialist; and Andy Thomas, Mission Specialist. The exercises include: 1) EVA training in the VR lab; 2) Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) EVA Training; 3) Walk to Motion Base Simulator; 4) EVA Preparations in ISS Airlock; and 7) Emergency Egress from Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT). A crew photo session is also presented. Footage of The Space Shuttle Atlantis inside the Kennedy Space Center Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) after its demating from the Solid Rocket Booster and External Tank is shown. The video ends with techniques for inspecting and repairing Thermal Protection System tiles, a video of external tank production at the Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) and redesign of the foam from the bipod ramp at Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF).

Expedition 27 and Expedition 28 crew members NBL training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-26

PHOTO DATE: 10-26-10 LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 27 crew member Ron Garan and Expedition 28 crew member Mike Fossum during a joint INC-27/INC-28 ISS EVA Cleanup training session at the NBL WORK ORDER: 03126-BS__NBLEXP27_10-26-10 PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

ASTP crewmen have a meal during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Three ASTP crewmen have a meal in the Apollo Command Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. They are, left to right, Cosmonaut Aleksay A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew; and Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews get slidewire training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- During emergency egress training on Launch Pad 39A, Expedition Three cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, STS-105 Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin watch while other crew members descend in a slidewire basket. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

STS-93 Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Live footage of the STS-93 crewmembers shows Commander Eileen M. Collins, Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby, Mission Specialists Steven A. Hawley, Catherine G. Coleman, and Michel Tognini going through various training activities. These activities include Bail Out Training NBL, Emergency Egress Training, Earth Observations Classroom Training, Simulator Training, T-38 Departure from Ellington Field, Chandra Deploy Training, SAREX Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment, CCT Bail Out Crew Compartment Training, and Southwest Research Ultraviolet Imaging System (SWUIS) Training.

Expedition 14 Crew and Backup Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-05-24

JSC2006-E-20053 (24 May 2006) --- Astronaut Clayton C. Anderson, Expedition 14 backup flight engineer, participates in Journals experiment overview training in the Flight Operations Facility at Johnson Space Center. This type of training is a presentation format regarding the experiment objectives and tools. Training instructor Lindsay Kirschner assisted Anderson.

Actions for productivity improvement in crew training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, G. E.

1985-01-01

Improvement of the productivity of astronaut crew instructors in the Space Shuttle program and beyond is proposed. It is suggested that instructor certification plans should be established to shorten the time required for trainers to develop their skills and improve their ability to convey those skills. Members of the training cadre should be thoroughly cross trained in their task. This provides better understanding of the overall task and greater flexibility in instructor utilization. Improved facility access will give instructors the benefit of practical application experience. Former crews should be integrated into the training of upcoming crews to bridge some of the gap between simulated conditions and the real world. The information contained in lengthy and complex training manuals can be presented more clearly and efficiently as computer lessons. The illustration, animation and interactive capabilities of the computer combine an effective means of explanation.

ASTP crewmen in Soyuz orbital module mock-up during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Soyuz orbital module mock-up in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. The ASTP crewmen are Astronaut Vance D. Brand (on left), command module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew; and Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit.

Whither CRM? Future directions in Crew Resource Management training in the cockpit and elsewhere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1993-01-01

The past decade has shown worldwide adoption of human factors training in civil aviation, now known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The shift in name from cockpit to crew reflects a growing trend to extend the training to other components of the aviation system including flight attendants, dispatchers, maintenance personnel, and Air Traffic Controllers. The paper reports findings and new directions in research into human factors.

STS-113 Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The STS-113 crew consists of Commander Jim Weatherbee, Pilot Paul Lockhart, and Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington. The goal of the STS-113 mission is to deliver the Expedition Six crew to the International Space Station and return the Expedition Five crew to Earth. Also, the P1 Truss will be installed on the International Space Station. The STS-113 crew is shown getting suited for Pre-Launch Ingress and Egress. The Neutral Buoyancy Lab Extravehicular Activity training (NBL) (EVA), CETA Bolt Familiarization, and Photography TV instruction are also presented.

STS-335 crew training, EVA TPS Overview with instructor John Ray

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-03

PHOTO DATE: 11-03-10 LOCATION: Bldg. 9NW - TPST Training Area SUBJECT: STS-335 crew training, EVA TPS Overview with instructor John Ray WORK ORDER: 03247-BS__STS335TILEREPAIR_11-03-10 PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

STS_135_ SVMF

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-29

JSC2011-E-060138 (29 June 2011) --- NASA astronaut Chris Ferguson crawls out of the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT-2) as the crew of STS-135 trains at NASA?s Johnson Space Center June 29, 2011. The training marked the crew's final scheduled session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility. Photo credit: NASA Photo/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool

The application of CRM to military operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cavanagh, Dale E.; Williams, Kenneth R.

1987-01-01

The detailed content of the CRM training component of the C-5 Aircrew Training System (ATS) was left to the discretion of the contractor. As a part of determining what the content should be, United Airlines Services Corporation has made an effort to understand how the needs of MAC crews compare with those of civilian airline crews. There are distinct similarities between the crew roles in the cockpits of civilian airliners and military air transports. Many of the attitudes and behaviors exhibited by civil and military crew members are comparable, hence much of the training in the field referred to as Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) is equally appropriate to civil or military aircrews. At the same time, there are significant differences which require assessment to determine if modifications to what might be termed generic CRM are necessary. The investigation enabled the definition and specification of CRM training which is believed to address the needs of the C-5 operational community. The study has concentrated largely on military airlift, but the training objectives and course content of the CRM training are readily adaptable to a wider range of military cockpits than are found in strategic airlift. For instance, CRM training focusing on communication, leadership, situational awareness, and crew coordination is just as appropriate, with some modification, to the pilots manning a flight to Tactical Airlift Command A-7's as it is to the pilots, flight engineers, and loadmasters crewing a C-5.

76 FR 27656 - Intent To Request Renewal From OMB of One Current Public Collection of Information: Flight Crew...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

... From OMB of One Current Public Collection of Information: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training... eligibility to participate in voluntary advanced self-defense training provided by TSA. Eligible training...), TSA is required to develop and provide a voluntary advanced self-defense training program for flight...

ASTP crewmen in Docking Module trainer during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Docking Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew, is on the right. The other crewman is Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP prime crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit. The Docking Module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.

Effects of visual, seat, and platform motion during flight simulator air transport pilot training and evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-27

Access to affordable and effective flight-simulation training devices (FSTDs) is critical to safely train airline crews in aviating, navigating, communicating, making decisions, and managing flight-deck and crew resources. This paper provides an over...

The development and implementation of cockpit resource management in UAL recurrent training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shroyer, David H.

1987-01-01

Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) for United Airlines started in 1976. At that time it was basically no more than a line-simulated training function conducted in a full-mission simulator with no attention or stress on its human factor content. Very soon after the implementation of the LOFT program concerns were voiced about certain crew behavioral situations they were observing in the flight crew's execution of cockpit duties. These duties involved emergency procedures as well as irregular and normal procedures and situations. It was evident that new information was surfacing concerning crew interaction, or its lack thereof, in the cockpit and its effect on satisfactory performance. These observations naturally raised the question of how this information translated into the safety of aircraft operations. A training system had to be repetitive, the crew interactive, and the training had to be conducted under the crew concept. The foundation had to have two other factors: (1) it was necessary to have adequate human factor content, and (2) an advanced state-of-the-art simulator and appropriate electronic devices were required. These concepts are further discussed.

An Onboard ISS Virtual Reality Trainer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miralles, Evelyn

2013-01-01

Prior to the retirement of the Space Shuttle, many exterior repairs on the International Space Station (ISS) were carried out by shuttle astronauts, trained on the ground and flown to the station to perform these repairs. After the retirement of the shuttle, this is no longer an available option. As such, the need for the ISS crew members to review scenarios while on flight, either for tasks they already trained or for contingency operations has become a very critical subject. In many situations, the time between the last session of Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) training and an Extravehicular Activity (EVA) task might be 6 to 8 months. In order to help with training for contingency repairs and to maintain EVA proficiency while on flight, the Johnson Space Center Virtual Reality Lab (VRLab) designed an onboard immersive ISS Virtual Reality Trainer (VRT), incorporating a unique optical system and making use of the already successful Dynamic Onboard Ubiquitous Graphical (DOUG) graphics software, to assist crew members with current procedures and contingency EVAs while on flight. The VRT provides an immersive environment similar to the one experienced at the VRLab crew training facility at NASA Johnson Space Center. EVA tasks are critical for a mission since as time passes the crew members may lose proficiency on previously trained tasks. In addition, there is an increased need for unplanned contingency repairs to fix problems arising as the ISS ages. The need to train and re-train crew members for EVAs and contingency scenarios is crucial and extremely demanding. ISS crew members are now asked to perform EVA tasks for which they have not been trained and potentially have never seen before.

Evidence Report: Risk of Performance Errors Due to Training Deficiencies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel

2012-01-01

The Risk of Performance Errors Due to Training Deficiencies is identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Human Research Program (HRP) as a recognized risk to human health and performance in space. The HRP Program Requirements Document (PRD) defines these risks. This Evidence Report provides a summary of the evidence that has been used to identify and characterize this risk. Given that training content, timing, intervals, and delivery methods must support crew task performance, and given that training paradigms will be different for long-duration missions with increased crew autonomy, there is a risk that operators will lack the skills or knowledge necessary to complete critical tasks, resulting in flight and ground crew errors and inefficiencies, failed mission and program objectives, and an increase in crew injuries.

Apollo 8 prime crew inside centrifuge gondola in bldg 29 during training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The Apollo 8 prime crew inside the centrifuge gondola in bldg 29 during centrifuge training in the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Flight Acceleration Facility (view with crew lying on back). Left to right, are Astronauts Frank Borman, commander; James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and William A. Anders, lunar module pilot.

ASTP crewmen in Docking Module trainer during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Docking Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. Astronaut Donald K. Slayton (right) is the docking module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew. The other man is Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in space. The Docking module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.

STS-133 crew training in VR Lab with replacement crew member Steve Bowen

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-01-24

JSC2011-E-006293 (24 Jan. 2011) --- NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, STS-133 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-111 Expedition Five Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The STS-111 Expedition Five Crew begins with training on payload operations. Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson and Mission Specialist Sandy Magnus are shown in Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) procedures. Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev gets suited for Neutral Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) training. Virtual Reality lab training is shown with Peggy Whitson. Habitation Equipment and procedures are also presented.

STS-47 MS Davis trains at Payload Crew Training Complex at Marshall SFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, Mission Specialist (MS) N. Jan Davis, wearing the Autogenic Feedback Training System 2 suit and lightweight headset, reviews a Payload Systems Handbook in the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) mockup during training at the Payload Crew Training Complex at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. View provided with alternate number 92P-137.

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the SMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS). Astronaut Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr., STS-4 pilot, takes part in training session wearing an ejection/escape (EES) spacesuit. He is holding the helmet in his lap.

PHOTO DATE: 04-23-15.LOCATION: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Airlock Mockup .SUBJECT: Expedition 48/49 (Soyuz 47) crew members Kate Rubins and Takuya Onishi with Soyuz 49 crew member Peggy Whitson during ISS EVA P/P 1 training with instructor Grant Slusser.PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-04-23

PHOTO DATE: 04-23-15 LOCATION: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Airlock Mockup SUBJECT: Expedition 48/49 (Soyuz 47) crew members Kate Rubins and Takuya Onishi with Soyuz 49 crew member Peggy Whitson during ISS EVA P/P 1 training with instructor Grant Slusser PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

Cockpit resource management training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Lawson C.

1987-01-01

The 6th General Flight Crew Training Meeting held in Montreal in May, 1984 was for most IATA member airlines the first time they had been exposed to what was then a relatively new aspect of flight crew training-resource management training. In reviewing the results of this meeting the IATA Flight Crew Training SubCommittee (FCTSC), which had been responsible for the agenda and the meeting itself, concluded that because very few airlines had implemented a program or even appeared to understand the term resource management, a member airline survey should be conducted and the results analyzed. This presentation shows the results of that survey in a form which can be related to the topics of the workshop.

Views of STS-5 crew during a training session in the SMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Views of STS-5 crew during a training session in the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS). Astronaut Robert F. Overmyer, STS-5 pilot, participates in training session wearing a communications kit assembly (ASSY). He is dressed in regular flight suit and is studying flight documentation.

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the SMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Views of STS-4 crew during a training session in the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) in bldg 5. Astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly, II. (left) and Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr., commander and pilot respectively for STS-4 get in some training time in the SMS.

STS 41-D mission crew training in Shuttle Mission simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-07-01

View of STS 41-D mission crew training in Shuttle Mission simulator. From left to right are Henry Hartsfield, Jr., commander; mission specialists Judith Resnik, Richard Mullane, and Steven Hawley; and Michael Coats, pilot. They appear to be standing in the middeck mockup, preparing for training.

The Way of the Gun: Applying Lessons of Ground Combat to Pilot Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-29

actual practice repetitions.7 Current USAF Crew/Cockpit Resource Management ( CRM ) and Aerospace Physiology courses do not include any instruction on...Burke, Clint A. Bowers, and Katherine A. Wilson. Team Training in the Skies: Does Crew Resource Management ( CRM ) Training Work? Orlando, FL

ISS Expedition 45 / 46 Underwater Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-02-03

Underwater camera views of ISS Expedition 45 (Soyuz 42) crewmember Scott Kelly and ISS Expedition 46 (Soyuz 43) crewmember Kjell Lindgren during ISS Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Maintenance 9 Training (PMA/PMM Relocate) at JSC's Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) Pool Deck at Sonny Carter Training Facility (SCTF). TIME magazine film crew filming activities.

What makes a good LOFT scenario? Issues in advancing current knowledge of scenario design. [Line Oriented Flight Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregorich, Steven E.

1991-01-01

An effort is made to ascertain which combinations of technical demands and crew coordination should be incorporated in training scenarios in order to maximize the effectiveness of training for crew members. Such high-fidelity simulation, which has come to be known as 'line-oriented flight training' or LOFT, involves the practice of both technical and crew coordination skills in a realistic setting, in conjunction with periodic reviews of performance via videotaped feedback. Attention is given to the integration of appropriate information, the measurement of objective task demands, the character of information from LOFT students, and the leeway allowed LOFT instructors.

Skylab 3 crew during training in Orbital Workshop trainer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The three prime crewmen of the Skylab 3 mission check over flight data during a training session in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility at JSC. They are from left to right, Scientist-Astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; and Astronauts Alan L. bean, commander, and Jack R. Lousma, pilot (28419); Skylab 3 crew work with Inflight Medical Support System (IMSS) resupply container atop the food table in the OWS. From left to right are Garriott, Lousma and Bean (28420).

Skylab (SL)-3 Crew - Training - Orbital Workshop Trainer - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-06-16

S73-28420 (16 June 1973) --- The three prime crewmen of the Skylab 3 mission check over flight data during a training session in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Skylab 3 crew work with Inflight Medical Support System (IMSS) resupply container atop the food table in the OWS. They are from left to right, scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; and astronauts Jack R. Lousma, pilot; and Alan L. Bean, commander. Photo credit: NASA

An Algorithm for Automatically Modifying Train Crew Schedule

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, Satoru; Kataoka, Kenji; Kojima, Teruhito; Asami, Masayuki

Once the break-down of the train schedule occurs, the crew schedule as well as the train schedule has to be modified as quickly as possible to restore them. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for automatically modifying a crew schedule that takes all constraints into consideration, presenting a model of the combined problem of crews and trains. The proposed algorithm builds an initial solution by relaxing some of the constraint conditions, and then uses a Taboo-search method to revise this solution in order to minimize the degree of constraint violation resulting from these relaxed conditions. Then we show not only that the algorithm can generate a constraint satisfaction solution, but also that the solution will satisfy the experts. That is, we show the proposed algorithm is capable of producing a usable solution in a short time by applying to actual cases of train-schedule break-down, and that the solution is at least as good as those produced manually, by comparing the both solutions with several point of view.

Aircrew cooperation in the Royal Air Force

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adcock, C. B.

1987-01-01

The progressive introduction of modern, high performance aircraft, coupled with a significant increase in the complexity of the operational environment, has highlighted crew co-operation as a critical factor in aircraft safety. Investigation into recent MAC aircraft accidents supports the conclusion reached by NASA and other U.S. research institutions that a positive training program is required to improve resource management in the cockpit and prevent a breakdown under stress of the crew process. Past training and regulation has concentrated on the attainment of individual flying skills, but group skills have been neglected through lack of knowledge and understanding of the group process. This long-standing deficiency is now being addressed in the U.S. by the progressive and widespread introduction of theoretical and practical training programs to improve crew co-operation. The RAF should provide similar training for its aircrews through the adaptation and development of existing training resources. Better crew co-operation would not only reduce the number of RAF aircraft accidents but also improve the morale of the Service.

STS-96 Crew Training, Mission Animation, Crew Interviews, STARSHINE, Discovery Rollout and Repair of Hail Damage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-96, Commander Kent V. Rominger, Pilot Rick D. Husband, Mission Specialists Ellen Ochoa, Tamara E. Jernigan, Daniel T. Barry, Julie Payette and Valery Ivanovich Tokarev during various training activities. Scenes include astronaut suit-up, EVA training in the Virtual Reality Lab, Orbiter space vision training, bailout training, and crew photo session. Footage also shows individual crew interviews, repair activities to the external fuel tank, and Discovery's return to the launch pad. The engineers are seen sanding, bending, and painting the foam used in repairing the tank. An animation of the deployment of the STARSHINE satellite, International Space Station, and the STS-96 Mission is presented. Footage shows the students from Edgar Allen Poe Middle School sanding, polishing, and inspecting the mirrors for the STARSHINE satellite. Live footage also includes students from St. Michael the Archangel School wearing bunny suits and entering the clean room at Goddard Space Flight Center.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews get slidewire training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- On the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39A, the STS-105 and Expedition Three crews listen to instructions about use of the slidewire basket, part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left are Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson, STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow; cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, Commander Scott Horowitz and Mission Specialist Daniel Barry. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Simulations- ASTP Command Module

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-11

S75-21599 (12 Feb. 1975) --- Six Apollo-Soyuz Test Project crewmen participate in joint crew training in Building 35 at the Johnson Space Center. They are (wearing flight suits), left to right, astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew; astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot on Stafford?s crew; cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot on Stafford?s crew; cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; and cosmonaut Vladimir A. Dzhanibekov, commander of the Soviet ASTP third (backup) crew. Brand is seated next to the hatch of the Apollo Command Module trainer. This picture was taken during a ?walk-through? of the first day?s activities in Earth orbit. The other men are interpreters and training personnel.

An Alternative Approach to Human Servicing of Crewed Earth Orbiting Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mularski, John R.; Alpert, Brian K.

2017-01-01

As crewed spacecraft have grown larger and more complex, they have come to rely on spacewalks, or Extravehicular Activities (EVA), for mission success and crew safety. Typically, these spacecraft maintain all of the hardware and trained personnel needed to perform an EVA on-board at all times. Maintaining this capability requires volume and up-mass for storage of EVA hardware, crew time for ground and on-orbit training, and on-orbit maintenance of EVA hardware. This paper proposes an alternative methodology, utilizing launch on-need hardware and crew to provide EVA capability for space stations in Earth orbit after assembly complete, in the same way that one would call a repairman to fix something at their home. This approach would reduce ground training requirements, save Intravehicular Activity (IVA) crew time in the form of EVA hardware maintenance and on-orbit training, and lead to more efficient EVAs because they would be performed by specialists with detailed knowledge and training stemming from their direct involvement in the development of the EVA. The on-orbit crew would then be available to focus on the immediate response to the failure as well as the day-to-day operations of the spacecraft and payloads. This paper will look at how current unplanned EVAs are conducted, including the time required for preparation, and offer alternatives for future spacecraft. As this methodology relies on the on-time and on-need launch of spacecraft, any space station that utilized this approach would need a robust transportation system including more than one launch vehicle capable of carrying crew. In addition, the fault tolerance of the space station would be an important consideration in how much time was available for EVA preparation after the failure. Each future program would have to weigh the risk of on-time launch against the increase in available crew time for the main objective of the spacecraft.

Gemini 11 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

Astronauts Charles Conrad Jr. (left) and Richard F. Gordon Jr. (right), prime crew for Gemini 11 space flight, practice water egress procedures in the Gulf of Mexico. Static Article 5 was used in the training exercise. A Manned Spaceflight Center (MSC) swimmer is in the water assisting in the training.

Shannon Lucid Trains in Russia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Astronaut Shannon Lucid is seen egressing from a training version of a soyez spacecraft, during a water survival training session in Russia. In March of 1996, Lucid accompanied the STS-76 crew to the Russian space station, Mir, where she stayed for a little over four months before returning to Earth with the STS-79 crew.

STS-117 Crew Training during suited PI/DO Prep in CCT-II mockup

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-03

JSC2006-E-32665 (3 Aug. 2006) --- Astronaut Steven R. Swanson, STS-117 mission specialist, participates in a training session in the crew compartment trainer (CCT-2) in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center. Swanson is wearing a training version of his shuttle launch and landing suit.

Crew Skills and Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Thomas; Burbank, Daniel C.; Eppler, Dean; Garrison, Robert; Harvey, Ralph; Hoffman, Paul; Schmitt, Harrison

1998-01-01

One of the major focus points for the workshop was the topic of crew skills and training necessary for the Mars surface mission. Discussions centered on the mix of scientific skills necessary to accomplish the proposed scientific goals, and the training environment that can bring the ground and flight teams to readiness. Subsequent discussion resulted in recommendations for specific steps to begin the process of training an experienced Mars exploration team.

Human Factors in Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Byrne, Vicky; Arsintescu, Lucia; Connell, Erin

2010-01-01

Future space missions will be significantly longer than current shuttle missions and new systems will be more complex than current systems. Increasing communication delays between crews and Earth-based support means that astronauts need to be prepared to handle the unexpected on their own. As crews become more autonomous, their potential span of control and required expertise must grow to match their autonomy. It is not possible to train for every eventuality ahead of time on the ground, or to maintain trained skills across long intervals of disuse. To adequately prepare NASA personnel for these challenges, new training approaches, methodologies, and tools are required. This research project aims at developing these training capabilities. By researching established training principles, examining future needs, and by using current practices in space flight training as test beds, both in Flight Controller and Crew Medical domains, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs. Training efforts in Fiscal Year 09 (FY09) strongly focused on crew medical training, but also began exploring how Space Flight Resource Management training for Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) Flight Controllers could be integrated with systems training for optimal Mission Control Center (MCC) operations. The Training Task addresses Program risks that lie at the intersection of the following three risks identified by the Project: 1) Risk associated with poor task design; 2) Risk of error due to inadequate information; and 3) Risk associated with reduced safety and efficiency due to poor human factors design.

Human Factors in Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Byrne, Vicky; Arsintescu, Lucia; Connell, Erin; Sandor, Aniko

2009-01-01

Future space missions will be significantly longer than current shuttle missions and new systems will be more complex than current systems. Increasing communication delays between crews and Earth-based support means that astronauts need to be prepared to handle the unexpected on their own. As crews become more autonomous, their potential span of control and required expertise must grow to match their autonomy. It is not possible to train for every eventuality ahead of time on the ground, or to maintain trained skills across long intervals of disuse. To adequately prepare NASA personnel for these challenges, new training approaches, methodologies, and tools are required. This research project aims at developing these training capabilities. By researching established training principles, examining future needs, and by using current practices in space flight training as test beds, both in Flight Controller and Crew Medical domains, this research project is mitigating program risks and generating templates and requirements to meet future training needs. Training efforts in Fiscal Year 08 (FY08) strongly focused on crew medical training, but also began exploring how Space Flight Resource Management training for Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) Flight Controllers could be integrated with systems training for optimal Mission Control Center (MCC) operations. The Training Task addresses Program risks that lie at the intersection of the following three risks identified by the Project: (1) Risk associated with poor task design (2) Risk of error due to inadequate information (3) Risk associated with reduced safety and efficiency due to poor human factors design

Issues related to line-oriented flight training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lauber, J. K.

1981-01-01

The use of a training simulator along with carefully structured, detailed, line trip scenarios was envisioned by NASA as a means of providing a controllable, repeatable way to observe line crews in a highly realistic simulation of their working environment and obtain better understanding operationally significant human factors problems and issues. Relevant research done by the agency and the results of full-mission simulation scenarios revealed potential implications for flight training. Aspects to be considered in creating training programs closely related to the actual line environment with a total crew application in real world incident experiences include: (1) operational, environmental, equipment, and crew problems in scenario design; (2) real time line oriented flight training operation; (3) performance assessment and debriefing; (4) instructor qualification and training; and (5) other issues such as ub un initial, transition, and upgrade training; procedures developent and evaluation, and equipment evaluation.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka is seen through a quarantine windowed room as he and other crew memebers participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Stafford and Cosmonaut Leonov examines food packages for ASTP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Two Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crewmen look over food cans and packages in the Soyuz Orbital Module trainer in bldg 35 during ASTP joint crew training at JSC. They are Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

STS_135_ SVMF

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-29

JSC2011-E-060135 (29 June 2011) --- The crew of STS-135, from left, Chris Ferguson, Rex Walheim, Doug Hurley and Sandy Magnus, review procedures on the middeck of the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) mock-up as they train at NASA?s Johnson Space Center in Houston on June 29, 2011. The training marked the crew's final scheduled session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility. Photo credit: NASA photo/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool

Selection for optimal crew performance - Relative impact of selection and training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chidester, Thomas R.

1987-01-01

An empirical study supporting Helmreich's (1986) theoretical work on the distinct manner in which training and selection impact crew coordination is presented. Training is capable of changing attitudes, while selection screens for stable personality characteristics. Training appears least effective for leadership, an area strongly influenced by personality. Selection is least effective for influencing attitudes about personal vulnerability to stress, which appear to be trained in resource management programs. Because personality correlates with attitudes before and after training, it is felt that selection may be necessary even with a leadership-oriented training cirriculum.

ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - TRAINING (WATER EGRESS) (GEMINI-TITAN [GT]-6 PILOT)(HEAD SHOT) - GULF

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-08-23

S65-43971 (23 Aug. 1965) --- Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 prime crew pilot, is pictured onboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever in the Gulf of Mexico during water egress training. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr. (out of frame), prime crew command pilot, also took part in the training.

LOFT Debriefings: An Analysis of Instructor Techniques and Crew Participation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dismukes, R. Key; Jobe, Kimberly K.; McDonnell, Lori K.

1997-01-01

This study analyzes techniques instructors use to facilitate crew analysis and evaluation of their Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) performance. A rating instrument called the Debriefing Assessment Battery (DAB) was developed which enables raters to reliably assess instructor facilitation techniques and characterize crew participation. Thirty-six debriefing sessions conducted at five U.S. airlines were analyzed to determine the nature of instructor facilitation and crew participation. Ratings obtained using the DAB corresponded closely with descriptive measures of instructor and crew performance. The data provide empirical evidence that facilitation can be an effective tool for increasing the depth of crew participation and self-analysis of CRM performance. Instructor facilitation skill varied dramatically, suggesting a need for more concrete hands-on training in facilitation techniques. Crews were responsive but fell short of actively leading their own debriefings. Ways to improve debriefing effectiveness are suggested.

Proposed Scientific Support to the Land Vehicle Crew Training System (LVCTS) Project Requirements Definition

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

proposed acquisition of a variety of armoured vehicle simulators for training within the Canadian Forces. The Directorate of Land Requirements (DLR... armoured vehicle operations under the Land Vehicle Crew Training System (LVCTS) project. DLR has published a Letter of Interest (LOI) to solicit input...LVCTS project staff to discuss the intent of the project. Qualification Standards and Training Plans for several military armoured vehicle

Crew Training - Apollo 9 (Egress) - Gulf

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-20

S68-50989 (20 Nov. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander of the Apollo 9 prime crew, is hoisted up to a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter in a new type rescue net during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico.

Gemini 11 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

Gemini 11 prime crew, Astronauts Richard F. Gordon Jr. (left), pilot, and Charles Conrad Jr., command pilot, relax on deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever after suiting up for water egress training in Gulf of Mexico.

Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-14

JSC2000-E-18632 (June 2000) --- An interior shot of the Zarya Functional Cargo Bay (FGB) trainer/mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. This photo was taken prior to a training session by the Expedition One crew.

Preparations for Underwater EVA training for the STS 41-G crew

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-07-05

S84-36900 (29 June 1984) ---Astronauts Robert L. Crippen (right) and Jon A. McBride, crew commander and pilot, respectively, for NASA's 41-G Space Shuttle mission, don self contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) gear prior to their underwater to observe a simulation of an extravehicular activity (EVA) to be performed on their mission. Astronauts Kathryn D. Sullivan and David C. Leestma, two of three mission specialists on the seven-member crew, are scheduled for the EVA. The underwater training took place in the Johnson Space Center's weightless environment training facility (WET-F).

Pilot personality and crew coordination - Implications for training and selection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chidester, Thomas R.; Helmreich, Robert L.; Gregorich, Steven E.; Geis, Craig E.

1991-01-01

It is contended that past failures to find linkages between performance and personality were due to a combination of premature performance evaluation, inadequate statistical modeling, and/or the reliance on data gathered in contrived as opposed to realistic situations. The goal of the research presented is to isolate subgroups of pilots along performance-related personality dimensions and to document limits on the impact of crew coordination training between the groups. Three different profiles were identified through cluster analysis of personality scales that replicated across samples and predicted attitude change following training in crew coordination.

STS-102 crew poses on the FSS at Launch Pad 39B during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Three members of the STS-102 crew hurry to the slidewire baskets for emergency egress training. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. In addition, the Expedition Two crew will be on the mission, to replace Expedition One, who will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8.

STS-121 Crew Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

These seven astronauts take a break from training to pose for the STS-121 crew portrait. From the left are mission specialists Stephanie D. Wilson, and Michael E. Fossum, Commander Steven W. Lindsey, mission specialist Piers J. Sellers, pilot Mark E. Kelly; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut and mission specialist Thomas Reiter of Germany; and mission specialist Lisa M. Nowak. The crew members are attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suit. The crew, first ever to launch on Independence Day, tested new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as delivered supplies and made repairs to the space station.

STS-47 Astronaut Crew at Pad B for TCDT, Emergency Egress Training, and Photo Opportunity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The crew of STS-47, Commander Robert L. Gibson, Pilot Curtis L. Brown, Payload Commander Mark C. Lee, Mission Specialists N. Jan Davis, Jay Apt, and Mae C. Jemison, and Payload Specialist Mamoru Mohri are seen during emergency egress training. Then Commander Gibson introduces the members of the crew and they each give a brief statement about the mission and answer questions from the press.

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043667 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronaut Mark Kelly, STS-134 commander, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

ISS Expedition 42 / 43 Crew Training Resource Reel (JSC-2641)

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-14

Media resource reel of ISS Expedition 42 / 43 Crew training activities. Includes footage of crew photo shots with Samantha Cristoforetti, Anton Shkaplerov and Terry Virts; Routine shots with Virts, ISS Expedition 43 crewmember Scott Kelly, Cristoforetti, ISS Expedition 41 / 42 crewmember Barry Wilmore; and Shklaplerov; T-38 Operations with Virts; Routine operations with Cristoforetti, Shkaplerov and Virts; Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) with Cristoforetti and Kelly; and Emergency Scenatios with Virts, Cristoforetti and Shkaplerov.

Simulations - Joint NASA-USSR Mission - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-25

S75-22187 (25 Feb. 1975) --- Two ASTP crewmen look over food cans and packages in the Soyuz orbital module trainer in Building 35 during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

Captain upgrade CRM training: A new focus for enhanced flight operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taggart, William R.

1993-01-01

Crew Resource Management (CRM) research has resulted in numerous payoffs of applied applications in flight training and standardization of air carrier flight operations. This paper describes one example of how basic research into human factors and crew performance was used to create a specific training intervention for upgrading new captains for a major United States air carrier. The basis for the training is examined along with some of the specific training methods used, and several unexpeced results.

Training Concept for Long Duration Space Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Keefe, William

2008-01-01

There has been papers about maintenance and psychological training for Long Duration Space Mission (LDSM). There are papers on the technology needed for LDSMs. Few are looking at how groundbased pre-mission training and on-board in-transit training must be melded into one training concept that leverages this technology. Even more importantly, fewer are looking at how we can certify crews pre-mission. This certification must ensure, before the crew launches, that they can handle any problem using on-board assets without a large ground support team.

The effects of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training on flight attendants' safety attitudes.

PubMed

Ford, Jane; Henderson, Robert; O'Hare, David

2014-02-01

A number of well-known incidents and accidents had led the aviation industry to introduce Crew Resource Management (CRM) training designed specifically for flight attendants, and joint (pilot and flight attendant) CRM training as a way to improve teamwork and communication. The development of these new CRM training programs during the 1990s highlighted the growing need for programs to be evaluated using research tools that had been validated for the flight attendant population. The FSAQ (Flight Safety Attitudes Questionnaire-Flight Attendants) was designed specifically to obtain safety attitude data from flight attendants working for an Asia-Pacific airline. Flight attendants volunteered to participate in a study before receiving CRM training (N=563) and again (N=526) after CRM training. Almost half (13) of the items from the 36-item FSAQ showed highly significant changes following CRM training. Years of experience, crew position, seniority, leadership roles, flight attendant crew size, and length of route flown were all predictive of safety attitudes. CRM training for flight attendants is a valuable tool for increasing positive teamwork behaviors between the flight attendant and pilot sub-groups. Joint training sessions, where flight attendants and pilots work together to find solutions to in-flight emergency scenarios, provide a particularly useful strategy in breaking down communication barriers between the two sub-groups. Copyright © 2013 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

STS-106 crew water survival training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-21

JSC2000-02564 (21 March 2000) --- Astronaut Terrence W. (Terry) Wilcutt, STS-106 mission commander, talks with crew training staff members during a simulation of an emergency bailout exercise in the water of the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

Expedition 43 Crew Final Exams in Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-13

NASA Video File of ISS Expedition 43 final exams in Russia on March 5, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backup crew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexei Ovchinin. Includes footage of final qualification training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); interview with Emily Nelson, ISS Expedition 46 Lead Flight Director; and scenes from the qualification training.

STS-117 Crew Training during suited PI/DO Prep in CCT-II mockup

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-03

JSC2006-E-32656 (3 Aug. 2006) --- While seated at the pilot's station, astronaut Lee J. Archambault, STS-117 pilot, participates in a training session in the crew compartment trainer (CCT-2) in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center. Archambault is wearing a training version of his shuttle launch and landing suit.

STS-117 Crew Training during suited PI/DO Prep in CCT-II mockup

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-03

JSC2006-E-32653 (3 Aug. 2006) --- While seated at the pilot's station, astronaut Lee J. Archambault, STS-117 pilot, participates in a training session in the crew compartment trainer (CCT-2) in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center. Archambault is wearing a training version of his shuttle launch and landing suit.

STS-117 Crew Training during suited PI/DO Prep in CCT-II mockup

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-03

JSC2006-E-32647 (3 Aug. 2006) --- While seated at the commander's station, astronaut Frederick W. (Rick) Sturckow, STS-117 commander, participates in a training session in the crew compartment trainer (CCT-2) in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center. Sturckow is wearing a training version of his shuttle launch and landing suit.

CREW TRAINING - APOLLO XVI (EGRESS) - GULF

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-02-25

S72-30166 (5 May 1972) --- The Apollo 16 prime crew relax aboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever during water egress training activity in the Gulf of Mexico. They are, left to right, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot; John W. Young, commander; and Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot. The Command Module trainer was used in the training exercise.

Training for Aviation Decision Making: The Naturalistic Decision Making Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orasanu, Judith; Shafto, Michael G. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

This paper describes the implications of a naturalistic decision making (NDM) perspective for training air crews to make flight-related decisions. The implications are based on two types of analyses: (a) identification of distinctive features that serve as a basis for classifying a diverse set of decision events actually encountered by flight crews, and (b) performance strategies that distinguished more from less effective crews flying full-mission simulators, as well as performance analyses from NTSB accident investigations. Six training recommendations are offered: (1) Because of the diversity of decision situations, crews need to be aware that different strategies may be appropriate for different problems; (2) Given that situation assessment is essential to making a good decision, it is important to train specific content knowledge needed to recognize critical conditions, to assess risks and available time, and to develop strategies to verify or diagnose the problem; (3) Tendencies to oversimplify problems may be overcome by training to evaluate options in terms of goals, constraints, consequences, and prevailing conditions; (4) In order to provide the time to gather information and consider options, it is essential to manage the situation, which includes managing crew workload, prioritizing tasks, contingency planning, buying time (e.g., requesting holding or vectors), and using low workload periods to prepare for high workload; (5) Evaluating resource requirements ("What do I need?") and capabilities ("'What do I have?" ) are essential to making good decisions. Using resources to meet requirements may involve the cabin crew, ATC, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel; (6) Given that decisions must often be made under high risk, time pressure, and workload, train under realistic flight conditions to promote the development of robust decision skills.

CRM Assessment: Determining the Generalization of Rater Calibration Training. Summary of Research Report: Gold Standards Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, David P.

2002-01-01

The extent to which pilot instructors are trained to assess crew resource management (CRM) skills accurately during Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) and Line Operational Evaluation (LOE) scenarios is critical. Pilot instructors must make accurate performance ratings to ensure that proper feedback is provided to flight crews and appropriate decisions are made regarding certification to fly the line. Furthermore, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) requires that instructors be trained explicitly to evaluate both technical and CRM performance (i.e., rater training) and also requires that proficiency and standardization of instructors be verified periodically. To address the critical need for effective pilot instructor training, the American Institutes for Research (AIR) reviewed the relevant research on rater training and, based on "best practices" from this research, developed a new strategy for training pilot instructors to assess crew performance. In addition, we explored new statistical techniques for assessing the effectiveness of pilot instructor training. The results of our research are briefly summarized below. This summary is followed by abstracts of articles and book chapters published under this grant.

STS-105 crew poses for photo at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 crew poses at Launch Pad 39A after training exercises. Pictured (left to right), Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester and Daniel Barry, Commander Scott Horowitz and Pilot Rick Sturckow. They are taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, along with the Expedition Three crew. The training includes emergency egress, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, which is seen in the background. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

75 FR 12810 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... requirements of its safety standards. The individual petition is described below, including the party seeking... or train crew members by excluding the possibility of electronic issuance of conflicting track... track occupancy authorities to roadway workers and train crews by the dispatcher. In its autonomous mode...

Enhancing the Flight Safety Culture Through Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kanki, Barbara G.; Rosekind, Mark R. (Technical Monitor)

1996-01-01

In the 1970's, flight safety professionals became profoundly concerned about the prevalence of crew-caused accidents and incidents, and the role of human error in flight operations. As result, they initiated a change in the flight safety culture which has grown to significant proportions today. At the heart of the evolution were crew concepts such as flightdeck management, crew coordination, and cockpit resource management, concepts which seemed to target critical deficiencies. In themselves, the concepts were not new but their incorporation into training as a direct means of changing the flight safety culture was an untried, almost 'grassroots' approach. The targeted crew concepts and skills were not an integral part of the typical training program; the methods, curriculum, media, and even course content itself, would have to be developed and implemented from the bottom up. A familiar truism in the pilot culture is that you should 'Train the way you fly; Fly the way you train'. In short, training was expected to provide the pilot with practical operational skills that were consistent with the performance standards they were required to maintain and the operational demands they met on a daily basis. In short, one could not simply command crews to use good CRM; one would have to research and define these skills operationally as well as develop and implement a consistent and effective training program. Furthermore, one would need active support and collaboration among the research, industry and government communities in order to ensure acceptance and continued commitment. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Skylab 2 prime crew suit up during prelaunch training activity

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-05-08

S73-25399 (8 May 1973) --- Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, prime crew pilot of the first manned Skylab mission, is suited up in Bldg. 5 at Johnson Space Center (JSC) during prelaunch training activity. He is assisted by astronaut Charles Conrad, Jr., prime crew commander. The man in the left background is wearing a face mask to insure that Conrad, Joseph Kerwin and Weitz are not exposed to disease prior to launch. Photo credit: NASA

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043666 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronauts Mark Kelly (background), STS-134 commander; and Andrew Feustel, mission specialist, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043668 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronauts Mark Kelly (background), STS-134 commander; and Andrew Feustel, mission specialist, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

ASTRONAUT BEAN, ALAN L - SIMULATION - BLDG. 35 - COMMAND MODULE TRAINER - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-20

S75-21720 (14 Feb. 1975) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean (foreground) and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov participate in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are in the Apollo Command Module trainer. The training session simulated activities on the first day in Earth orbit. Bean is the commander of the American ASTP backup crew. Leonov is the commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew.

Specific exercise training for reducing neck and shoulder pain among military helicopter pilots and crew members: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

PubMed

Murray, Mike; Lange, Britt; Nørnberg, Bo Riebeling; Søgaard, Karen; Sjøgaard, Gisela

2015-08-19

Flight-related neck/shoulder pain is frequent among military helicopter pilots and crew members. With a lifetime prevalence of 81% for pilots and 84% for crew members, the prevalence of neck pain is considered high compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a specifically tailored exercise intervention would reduce the prevalence and incidence rate of neck/shoulder pain among helicopter pilots and crew members. This study used a prospective, parallel group, single blinded, randomized controlled design. Participants were military helicopter pilots and crew members recruited from the Royal Danish Air Force. Inclusion criteria were: 1) employed within the Royal Danish Air Force as a helicopter pilot or onboard crew member (technician, systems-operator, tactical helicopter observer and/or navigator), 2) maintaining operational flight status at enrollment, and 3) operational flying within the previous 6 months. Primary outcome was change in neck and shoulder pain assessed by 1) a modified version of the "Standardized Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms" and by 2) pressure pain threshold measurements. Secondary outcomes included: postural balance, strength, stability, and rate of force development for neck and shoulder muscles. Measurements at baseline and follow-up were conducted at four air force bases in Denmark. Sixty-nine participants were individually randomized to either a training group (TG) or a reference group (RG). Participants in the TG performed 20-weeks of physical exercise training divided into sessions of 3 × 20 min per week. Training was completed within working hours and consisted of specific exercise training for the neck and shoulder muscles based on the principles of "Intelligent Physical Exercise Training". The RG received no training. In spite of the high prevalence of flight related neck/shoulder pain among military helicopter pilots and crew members there are currently no evidence based guidelines for the prevention or clinical handling of neck pain among these occupational groups. Results from this study may therefore be beneficial for future establishment of such guidelines. Ethical committee of Southern Denmark (S-20120121) 29 August, 2012. Clinical Trail Registration (NCT01926262) 16 August, 2013.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During emergency egress training at the pad, Expedition 6 crew member Donald Pettit stands inside an M-113 armored personnel carrier before his practice drive. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities in preparation for launch. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-12 - TRAINING (PRIOR) - MISSION SIMULATOR

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-09-06

S66-45579 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (right), prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, talks with Burton M. Gifford (left) and Duane K. Mosel (center), both with the Simulation Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Lovell was preparing to undergo flight training in the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility. Photo credit: NASA

STS-117 Crew Training during suited PI/DO Prep in CCT-II mockup

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-08-03

JSC2006-E-32666 (3 Aug. 2006) --- Attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and landing suits, astronauts James F. Reilly II (left) and John D. (Danny) Olivas, both STS-117 mission specialists, participate in a training session on the middeck of the crew compartment trainer (CCT-2) in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center.

STS-82 Suit-up for Post Insertion Training in Crew Compartment Trainer 2

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-30

S96-18547 (30 Oct. 1996) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox, STS-82 mission commander, chats with a crewmate (out of frame) prior to an emergency bailout training session in JSC's systems integration facility. Wearing training versions of the partial pressure launch and entry escape suit, Bowersox and his crew simulated an emergency ejection, using the escape pole system on the middeck.

Astronaut Crippen prepares to join crew in training

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-09-04

41D-3186 (4 Sept 1984) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, 41-G crew commander, prepares to join his six fellow crewmembers for some training in the mockup and integration laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. Astronaut David C. Leestma, 41-G mission specialist, left, will participate in a scheduled extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Challenger's next mission. Today's training is for launch phase procedures.

Apollo experience report: Simulation of manned space flight for crew training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodling, C. H.; Faber, S.; Vanbockel, J. J.; Olasky, C. C.; Williams, W. K.; Mire, J. L. C.; Homer, J. R.

1973-01-01

Through space-flight experience and the development of simulators to meet the associated training requirements, several factors have been established as fundamental for providing adequate flight simulators for crew training. The development of flight simulators from Project Mercury through the Apollo 15 mission is described. The functional uses, characteristics, and development problems of the various simulators are discussed for the benefit of future programs.

Crew Training - STS-30/61B (Zero-G)

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-08-21

KC-135 inflight training of the STS-30/61B Crew for suit donning doffing and Zero-G orientation for Rudolfo Neri, Astronaut Mary Cleave, and Ricardo Peralta, Backup Neri. 1. Astronaut Cleave, Mary - Zero-G 2. Neri, Rodolfo - Zero-G 3. Peralta, Ricard - Zero-G

WATER EGRESS

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-07-16

S65-28459 (16 July 1965) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, command pilot for the Gemini-5 backup crew, inside the Gemini Static Article 5 spacecraft prior to water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. The training is part of the prelaunch schedule for prime and backup crew on the Gemini-5 mission.

KSC-2010-1134

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-08

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In Orbiter Processing Facility 3 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, members of space shuttle Discovery's STS-131 crew participate in training activities during the Crew Equipment Interface Test, or CEIT, for their mission. Here, Pilot James P. Dutton Jr. experiences the feel of the cockpit from inside the crew module. The CEIT provides the crew with hands-on training and observation of shuttle and flight hardware. The seven-member crew will deliver the multi-purpose logistics module Leonardo, filled with resupply stowage platforms and racks to be transferred to locations around the International Space Station. Three spacewalks will include work to attach a spare ammonia tank assembly to the station's exterior and return a European experiment from outside the station's Columbus module. Discovery's launch is targeted for March 18. For information on the STS-131 mission and crew, visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts131/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Psychosocial issues in space: future challenges.

PubMed

Sandal, G M

2001-06-01

As the duration of space flights increases and crews become more heterogeneous, psychosocial factors are likely to play an increasingly important role in determining mission success. The operations of the International Space Station and planning of interplanetary missions represent important future challenges for how to select, train and monitor crews. So far, empirical evidence about psychological factors in space is based on simulations and personnel in analog environments (i.e. polar expeditions, submarines). It is apparent that attempts to transfer from these environments to space requires a thorough analysis of the human behavior specific to the fields. Recommendations for research include the effects of multi-nationality on crew interaction, development of tension within crews and between Mission Control, and prediction of critical phases in adaptation over time. Selection of interpersonally compatible crews, pre-mission team training and implementation of tools for self-monitoring of psychological parameters ensure that changes in mission requirements maximize crew performance.

Intercultural crew issues in long-duration spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kraft, Norbert O.; Lyons, Terence J.; Binder, Heidi

2003-01-01

Before long-duration flights with international crews can be safely undertaken, potential interpersonal difficulties will need to be addressed. Crew performance breakdown has been recognized by the American Institute of Medicine, in scientific literature, and in popular culture. However, few studies of human interaction and performance in confined, isolated environments exist, and the data pertaining to those studies are mostly anecdotal. Many incidents involving crew interpersonal dynamics, those among flight crews, as well as between flight crews and ground controllers, are reported only in non-peer reviewed books and newspapers. Consequently, due to this lack of concrete knowledge, the selection of astronauts and cosmonauts has focused on individual rather than group selection. Additional selection criteria such as interpersonal and communication competence, along with intercultural training, will have a decisive impact on future mission success. Furthermore, industrial psychological research has demonstrated the ability to select a group based on compatibility. With all this in mind, it is essential to conduct further research on heterogeneous, multi-national crews including selection and training for long-duration space missions.

Orbiter fire rescue and crew escape training for EVA crew systems support

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-28

Photos of orbiter fire rescue and crew escape training for extravehicular activity (EVA) crew systems support conducted in Bldg 9A Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) and Fuel Fuselage Trainer (FFT) include views of CCT interior of middeck starboard fuselage showing middeck forward (MF) locker and COAS assembly filter, artiflex film and camcorder bag (26834); launch/entry suit (LES) helmet assembly, neckring and helmet hold-down assembly (26835-26836); middeck aft (MA) lockers (26837); area of middeck airlock and crew escape pole (26838); connectors of crew escape pole in the middeck (268390); three test subjects in LES in the flight deck (26840); emergency side hatch slide before inflated stowage (26841); area of below adjacent to floor panel MD23R (26842); a test subject in LES in the flight deck (26843); control board and also showing sign of "orbital maneuvering system (OMS) secure and OMS TK" (26844); test subject in the flight deck also showing chart of "ascent/abort summary" (26845).

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043673 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronauts Gregory H. Johnson, STS-134 pilot; and Shannon Walker, Expedition 24/25 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043661 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronauts Gregory H. Johnson, STS-134 pilot; and Shannon Walker, Expedition 24/25 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-134 crew during EVA TPS Overview training in the TPS/PABF

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-15

JSC2009-E-284897 (15 Dec. 2009) --- STS-134 crew members participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/ Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the right are NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel, Greg Chamitoff, Michael Fincke, all mission specialists; along with NASA astronaut Gregory H. Johnson, pilot; and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, mission specialist. John Ray (left) assisted the crew members.

STS-134 crew and Expedition 24/25 crew member Shannon Walker

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-25

JSC2010-E-043662 (25 March 2010) --- NASA astronauts Gregory H. Johnson, STS-134 pilot; and Shannon Walker, Expedition 24/25 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

KSC-01pp1302

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew member Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov gets ready to drive the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other crew members taking part are the STS-105 crew, Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the rest of Expedition Three, Commander Frank Culbertson and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1306

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew Commander Frank Culbertson is behind the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Crew Training- Apollo 9

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-02-24

S69-19858 (December 1968) --- Two members of the Apollo 9 prime crew participate in simulation training in the Apollo Lunar Module Mission Simulator (LMMS) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). On the left is astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander; and on the right is astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot.

Expedition 32 crew members Suni Williams and Aki Hoshide conduct pre-test briefings

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-16

PHOTO DATE: 09-16-11 LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 31 crew members Suni Williams and Aki Hoshide conduct pre-test briefings, preparations and then suit up for EVA training before entering the pool at the Sonny Carter Training Facility. PHOTOGRAPHER: Devin Boldt

Apollo 8 prime crew stand beside gondola for centrifuge training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The Apollo 8 prime crew stands beside the gondola in bldg 29 after suiting up for centrifuge training in the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Flight Acceleration Facility. Left to right, are Astronauts William A. Anders, lunar module pilot; James A. Lovell Jr.,command module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander.

Two members of Apollo 8 crew suited up for centrifuge training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Two members of the Apollo 8 prime crew stand beside the gondola in bldg 29 after suiting up for centrifuge training in the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Flight Acceleration Facility. They are Astronauts William A. Anders (left), lunar module pilot; and James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot.

14 CFR 1214.403 - Code of Conduct for the International Space Station Crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... disciplinary policy, and requirements imposed by their Cooperating Agency or those relating to the Earth-to... Cooperating Agency providing him or her through the crew training curriculum and normal program operations as... his or her authority, leads the ISS crewmembers through the training curriculum and mission...

14 CFR 1214.403 - Code of Conduct for the International Space Station Crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... disciplinary policy, and requirements imposed by their Cooperating Agency or those relating to the Earth-to... Cooperating Agency providing him or her through the crew training curriculum and normal program operations as... his or her authority, leads the ISS crewmembers through the training curriculum and mission...

14 CFR 1214.403 - Code of Conduct for the International Space Station Crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... disciplinary policy, and requirements imposed by their Cooperating Agency or those relating to the Earth-to... Cooperating Agency providing him or her through the crew training curriculum and normal program operations as... his or her authority, leads the ISS crewmembers through the training curriculum and mission...

14 CFR 135.331 - Crewmember emergency training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REQUIREMENTS: COMMUTER AND ON DEMAND OPERATIONS AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT Training... of crew and passenger oxygen. (6) Removal of life rafts from the aircraft, inflation of the life rafts, use of life lines, and boarding of passengers and crew, if applicable. (7) Donning and inflation...

Crew decision making under stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orasanu, J.

1992-01-01

Flight crews must make decisions and take action when systems fail or emergencies arise during flight. These situations may involve high stress. Full-missiion flight simulation studies have shown that crews differ in how effectively they cope in these circumstances, judged by operational errors and crew coordination. The present study analyzed the problem solving and decision making strategies used by crews led by captains fitting three different personality profiles. Our goal was to identify more and less effective strategies that could serve as the basis for crew selection or training. Methods: Twelve 3-member B-727 crews flew a 5-leg mission simulated flight over 1 1/2 days. Two legs included 4 abnormal events that required decisions during high workload periods. Transcripts of videotapes were analyzed to describe decision making strategies. Crew performance (errors and coordination) was judged on-line and from videotapes by check airmen. Results: Based on a median split of crew performance errors, analyses to date indicate a difference in general strategy between crews who make more or less errors. Higher performance crews showed greater situational awareness - they responded quickly to cues and interpreted them appropriately. They requested more decision relevant information and took into account more constraints. Lower performing crews showed poorer situational awareness, planning, constraint sensitivity, and coordination. The major difference between higher and lower performing crews was that poorer crews made quick decisions and then collected information to confirm their decision. Conclusion: Differences in overall crew performance were associated with differences in situational awareness, information management, and decision strategy. Captain personality profiles were associated with these differences, a finding with implications for crew selection and training.

Apollo 8 prime crew seen during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot of the Apollo 8 prime crew, in special net being hoisted up to a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Awaiting his turn for helicopter pickup is Astronaut William A. Andors (in raft), lunar module pilot. A team of Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmers assited with the training exercise.

ASTRONAUT SCOTT, DAVID R. - INTERIOR - WATER EGRESS TRAINING (GEMINI-TITAN [GT]-8 PRIME CREW) - MSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-01-05

S66-15743 (5 Jan. 1966) --- Astronaut David R. Scott, pilot of the Gemini-8 prime crew, undergoes water egress training in a special tank in building 260A at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Houston, Texas. An MSC swimmer assists in the training exercise. A boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft floats in the water beside Scott. Photo credit: NASA

Crew Training - Apollo 11

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-05-24

S69-34882 (24 May 1969) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission relaxes on the deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever prior to participating in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are astronauts Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot; Neil A. Armstrong, commander; and Michael Collins, command module pilot. In the background is Apollo Boilerplate 1102 which was used in the training exercise.

Training for life science experiments in space at the NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodrigues, Annette T.; Maese, A. Christopher

1993-01-01

As this country prepares for exploration to other planets, the need to understand the affects of long duration exposure to microgravity is evident. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center's Space Life Sciences Payloads Office is responsible for a number of non-human life sciences payloads on NASA's Space Shuttle's Spacelab. Included in this responsibility is the training of those individuals who will be conducting the experiments during flight, the astronauts. Preparing a crew to conduct such experiments requires training protocols that build on simple tasks. Once a defined degree of performance proficiency is met for each task, these tasks are combined to increase the complexity of the activities. As tasks are combined into in-flight operations, they are subjected to time constraints and the crew enhances their skills through repetition. The science objectives must be completely understood by the crew and are critical to the overall training program. Completion of the in-flight activities is proof of success. Because the crew is exposed to the background of early research and plans for post-flight analyses, they have a vested interest in the flight activities. The salient features of this training approach is that it allows for flexibility in implementation, consideration of individual differences, and a greater ability to retain experiment information. This training approach offers another effective alternative training tool to existing methodologies.

The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2011-01-01

In May 2010 the National Research Council (NRC) was asked by NASA to address several questions related to the Astronaut Corps. The NRC's Committee on Human Spaceflight Crew Operations was tasked to: 1. How should the role and size of the activities managed by the Johnson Space Center Flight Crew Operations Directorate change following space shuttle retirement and completion of the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS)? 2. What are the requirements for crew-related ground-based facilities after the Space Shuttle program ends? 3. Is the fleet of aircraft used for training the Astronaut Corps a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts to meet the requirements of NASA's human spaceflight program? Are there more cost-effective means of meeting these training requirements? Although the future of NASA's human spaceflight program has garnered considerable discussion in recent years, and there is considerable uncertainty about what that program will involve in the coming years, the committee was not tasked to address whether or not human spaceflight should continue, or what form it should take. The committee's task restricted it to studying those activities managed by the Flight Crew Operations Directorate, or those closely related to its activities, such as crew-related ground-based facilities and the training aircraft.

Preparing for the High Frontier: The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post- Space Shuttle Era

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2011-01-01

In May 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked by NASA to address several questions related to the Astronaut Corps. The NRC s Committee on Human Spaceflight Crew Operations was tasked to answer several questions: 1. How should the role and size of the activities managed by the Johnson Space Center Flight Crew Operations Directorate change after space shuttle retirement and completion of the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS)? 2. What are the requirements for crew-related ground-based facilities after the Space Shuttle program ends? 3. Is the fleet of aircraft used for training the Astronaut Corps a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts to meet the requirements of NASA s human spaceflight program? Are there more cost-effective means of meeting these training requirements? Although the future of NASA s human spaceflight program has garnered considerable discussion in recent years and there is considerable uncertainty about what the program will involve in the coming years, the committee was not tasked to address whether human spaceflight should continue or what form it should take. The committee s task restricted it to studying activities managed by the Flight Crew Operations Directorate or those closely related to its activities, such as crew-related ground-based facilities and the training aircraft.

Simulation-based driver and vehicle crew training: applications, efficacy and future directions.

PubMed

Goode, Natassia; Salmon, Paul M; Lenné, Michael G

2013-05-01

Simulation is widely used as a training tool in many domains, and more recently the use of vehicle simulation as a tool for driver and vehicle crew training has become popular (de Winter et al., 2009; Pradhan et al., 2009). This paper presents an overview of how vehicle simulations are currently used to train driving-related procedural and higher-order cognitive skills, and team-based procedural and non-technical teamwork skills for vehicle crews, and evaluates whether there is evidence these training programs are effective. Efficacy was evaluated in terms of whether training achieves learning objectives and whether the attainment of those objectives enhances real world performance on target tasks. It was concluded that while some higher-order cognitive skills training programs have been shown to be effective, in general the adoption of simulation technology has far outstripped the pace of empirical research in this area. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues that require consideration when developing and evaluating vehicle simulations for training purposes - based not only on what is known from the vehicle domain, but what can be inferred from other domains in which simulation is an established training approach, such as aviation (e.g. Jentsch et al., 2011) and medicine (e.g. McGaghie et al., 2010). STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Simulation has become a popular tool for driver and vehicle crew training in civilian and military settings. This review considers whether there is evidence that this training method leads to learning and the transfer of skills to real world performance. Evidence from other domains, such as aviation and medicine, is drawn upon to inform the design and evaluation of future vehicle simulation training systems. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

ISS Expedition 43 Crew Departure from Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-16

NASA video file of ISS Expedition 43 crew departure from Russia on March 16, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backupcrew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexie Ovchinin. Includes footage of crew and backup crew as the meet outside the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); ISS Expedition 42 crewmembers Elena Serova and Alexander Samokutyaev as they exits the GCTC; crew and backup crew with family, friends and officials as they walk to park, pose for photographs and offers short remarks; and finally the crew as they are leaving by bus.

A Gold Standards Approach to Training Instructors to Evaluate Crew Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, David P.; Dismukes, R. Key

2003-01-01

The Advanced Qualification Program requires that airlines evaluate crew performance in Line Oriented Simulation. For this evaluation to be meaningful, instructors must observe relevant crew behaviors and evaluate those behaviors consistently and accurately against standards established by the airline. The airline industry has largely settled on an approach in which instructors evaluate crew performance on a series of event sets, using standardized grade sheets on which behaviors specific to event set are listed. Typically, new instructors are given a class in which they learn to use the grade sheets and practice evaluating crew performance observed on videotapes. These classes emphasize reliability, providing detailed instruction and practice in scoring so that all instructors within a given class will give similar scores to similar performance. This approach has value but also has important limitations; (1) ratings within one class of new instructors may differ from those of other classes; (2) ratings may not be driven primarily by the specific behaviors on which the company wanted the crews to be scored; and (3) ratings may not be calibrated to company standards for level of performance skill required. In this paper we provide a method to extend the existing method of training instructors to address these three limitations. We call this method the "gold standards" approach because it uses ratings from the company's most experienced instructors as the basis for training rater accuracy. This approach ties the training to the specific behaviors on which the experienced instructors based their ratings.

Cadre Photos for Joint Test Team Feature

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-23

During a tour of SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California, commercial crew astronauts Suni Williams, left, and Doug Hurley participate in joint test team training using mockup components of the Crew Dragon on Feb. 23, 2017. Crew Dragon is being developed and manufactured in partnership with NASA's Commercial Crew Program to return human spaceflight capabilities to the U.S.

Cadre Photos for Joint Test Team Feature

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-23

During a tour of SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California, commercial crew astronauts Bob Behnken, left, and Eric Boe participate in joint test team training using mockup components of the Crew Dragon on Feb. 23, 2017. Crew Dragon is being developed and manufactured in partnership with NASA's Commercial Crew Program to return human spaceflight capabilities to the U.S.

Eric Boe and Bob Behnken Dragon Tour

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-08

During a tour of SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California, commercial crew astronauts Bob Behnken, left, and Eric Boe participate in joint test team training using mockup components of the Crew Dragon on March 8, 2017. Crew Dragon is being developed and manufactured in partnership with NASA's Commercial Crew Program to return human spaceflight capabilities to the U.S.

An Alternative Approach to Human Servicing of Manned Earth Orbiting Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mularski, John; Alpert, Brian

2011-01-01

As manned spacecraft have grown larger and more complex, they have come to rely on spacewalks or Extravehicular Activities (EVA) for both mission success and crew safety. Typically these spacecraft maintain all of the hardware and trained personnel needed to perform an EVA on-board at all times. Maintaining this capability requires volume and up-mass for storage of EVA hardware, crew time for ground and on-orbit training, and on-orbit maintenance of EVA hardware . This paper proposes an alternative methodology to utilize launch-on-need hardware and crew to provide EVA capability for space stations in Earth orbit after assembly complete, in the same way that most people would call a repairman to fix something at their home. This approach would not only reduce ground training requirements and save Intravehicular Activity (IVA) crew time in the form of EVA hardware maintenance and on-orbit training, but would also lead to more efficient EVAs because they would be performed by specialists with detailed knowledge and training stemming from their direct involvement in the development of the EVA. The on-orbit crew would then be available to focus on the immediate response to the failure as well as the day-to-day operations of the spacecraft and payloads. This paper will look at how current ISS unplanned EVAs are conducted, including the time required for preparation, and offer alternatives for future spacecraft utilizing lessons learned from ISS. As this methodology relies entirely on the on-time and on-need launch of spacecraft, any space station that utilized this approach would need a robust transportation system including more than one launch vehicle capable of carrying crew. In addition the fault tolerance of the space station would be an important consideration in how much time was available for EVA preparation after the failure. Each future program would have to weigh the risk of on-time launch against the increase in available crew time for the main objective of the spacecraft.

KSC-01pp1326

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 crew poses at Launch Pad 39A after training exercises. Pictured (left to right), Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester and Daniel Barry, Commander Scott Horowitz and Pilot Rick Sturckow. They are taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, along with the Expedition Three crew. The training includes emergency egress, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, which is seen in the background. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

STS-133 crew during MSS/EVAA TEAM training in Virtual Reality Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-01

JSC2010-E-170877 (1 Oct. 2010) --- A large monitor is featured in this image during STS-133 crew members? training activities in the virtual reality laboratory in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Effects of Crew Resource Management Training on Medical Errors in a Simulated Prehospital Setting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carhart, Elliot D.

2012-01-01

This applied dissertation investigated the effect of crew resource management (CRM) training on medical errors in a simulated prehospital setting. Specific areas addressed by this program included situational awareness, decision making, task management, teamwork, and communication. This study is believed to be the first investigation of CRM…

STS-54 Astronaut Crew Emergency Egress Training, Press Q&A, TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The crew of STS-54, Commander John H. Casper, Pilot Donald R. McMonagle, and Mission Specialists Mario Runco, Jr., Gregory J. Harbaugh, and Susan J. Helms, is seen during a question and answer session with the press and during the Terminal Countdown and Demonstration Test (TCDT), including Emergency Egress Training.

ASTP 15th Anniversary Clip-Media Release

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This release is comprised of 5 separate clips, including the following: CL 762 Astronauts/Cosmonauts Visit to KSC and Walt Disney World; CL 739 ASTP Joint Crew Activities; CL 748 ASTP Astronauts/Cosmonauts Horlock Ranch Visit; CL 758 T-21 ASTP Training - US/USSR; and CL 743 ASTP Joint Crew Training in the Soviet Union.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The prime crew of the first manned Apollo space mission, Apollo 7, is seen in Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102 during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. In foreground is Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., in center is Astronaut Donn F. Eisele, and in background is Astronaut Walter Cunningham.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The prime crew of the first manned Apollo space mission, Apollo 7, stands on the deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever after suiting up for water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are Astronauts Walter Cunningham, Donn F. Eisele, and Walter M. Schirra Jr.

Apollo 14 prime crew during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

Members of the Apollo 14 crew train in the Gulf of Mexico for the water egress phase of their upcoming mission. They are in the raft waiting ascension to the Coast Guard hellicopter via the 'Billy Pugh' net. Manned Spacecraft Center swimmers assist in the water egress simulation.

14 CFR § 1214.403 - Code of Conduct for the International Space Station Crew.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... disciplinary policy, and requirements imposed by their Cooperating Agency or those relating to the Earth-to... Cooperating Agency providing him or her through the crew training curriculum and normal program operations as... his or her authority, leads the ISS crewmembers through the training curriculum and mission...

Human Factors in Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Byme, Vicky; Arsintescu, Lucia

2008-01-01

Future space missions will be significantly longer than current Shuttle missions and new systems will be more complex than current systems. Increasing communication delays between crews and Earth-based support means that astronauts need to be prepared to handle the unexpected on their own. As crews become more autonomous, their potential span of control and required expertise must grow to match their autonomy. It is not possible to train for every eventuality ahead of time on the ground, or to maintain trained skills across long intervals of disuse. To adequately prepare NASA personnel for these challenges, new training approaches, methodologies, and tools are required. This research project aims at developing these training capabilities. Training efforts in FY07 strongly focused on crew medical training, but also began exploring how Space Flight Resource Management training for Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) Flight Controllers could be integrated with systems training for optimal Mission Control Center operations. Beginning in January 2008, the training research effort will include team training prototypes and tools. The Training Task addresses Program risks that lie at the intersection of the following three risks identified by the Project: 1) Risk associated with poor task design; 2) Risk of error due to inadequate information; 3) Risk associated with reduced safety and efficiency due to poor human factors design.

Crew activities, science, and hazards of manned missions to Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, Benton C.

1988-01-01

The crew scientific and nonscientific activities that will occur at each stage of a mission to Mars are examined. Crew activities during the interplanetary flight phase will include simulations, maintenance and monitoring, communications, upgrading procedures and operations, solar activity monitoring, cross-training and sharpening of skills, physical conditioning, and free-time activities. Scientific activities will address human physiology, human psychology, sociology, astronomy, space environment effects, manufacturing, and space agriculture. Crew activities on the Martian surface will include exploration, construction, manufacturing, food production, maintenance and training, and free time. Studies of Martian geology and atmosphere, of the life forms that may exist there, and of the Martian moons will occur on the planet's surface. Crew activities and scientific studies that will occur in Mars orbit, and the hazards relevant to each stage of the mission, are also addressed.

KSC-01pp1312

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew Commander Frank Culbertson gives a thumbs up before taking the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1305

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew member Mikhail Tyurin is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov . Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

STS-102 crew gets emergency exit training at Launch Pad 39B during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Getting training on the use of the slidewire basket for emergency exits from the launch pad are STS-102 Mission Specialists Paul Richards and Andrew Thomas. The rest of the crew includes Commander James Wetherbee, Pilot James Kelly and Mission Specialists James Voss, Susan Helms and Yury Usachev. The crew is taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Voss, Helms and Usachev are the Expedition Two crew who will be the second resident crew on the International Space Station. They will replace Expedition One, who will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8.

Analyzing AQP Data to Improve Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Operations and Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seamster, Thomas L.; Kanki, Barbara

2010-01-01

Key points include: Initiate data collection and analysis early in the implementation process. Use data to identify procedural and training refinements. Use a de-identified system to analyze longitudinal data. Use longitudinal I/E data to improve their standardization. Identify above average pilots and crews and use their performance to specify best practices. Analyze below average crew performance data to isolate problems with the training, evaluator standardization and pilot proficiency.

Apollo 11 crew on ship during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1969-01-01

The prime crew of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission relaxes on the deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever prior to participating in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are Astronauts Edwin A. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot; Neil A. Armstrong, commander; and Michael Collins, command module pilot. In the background is Apollo Boilerplate 1102 which was used in the training exercise.

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029133 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the right are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

In-flight crew training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gott, Charles; Galicki, Peter; Shores, David

1990-01-01

The Helmet Mounted Display system and Part Task Trainer are two projects currently underway that are closely related to the in-flight crew training concept. The first project is a training simulator and an engineering analysis tool. The simulator's unique helmet mounted display actually projects the wearer into the simulated environment of 3-D space. Miniature monitors are mounted in front of the wearers eyes. Partial Task Trainer is a kinematic simulator for the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System. The simulator consists of a high end graphics workstation with a high resolution color screen and a number of input peripherals that create a functional equivalent of the RMS control panel in the back of the Orbiter. It is being used in the training cycle for Shuttle crew members. Activities are underway to expand the capability of the Helmet Display System and the Partial Task Trainer.

Lessons from cross-fleet/cross-airline observations - Evaluating the impact of CRM/LOFT training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Roy E.

1991-01-01

A review is presented of the crew resource management/line oriented flight training (CRM/LOFT) program to help determine the level of standardization across fleets and airlines in the critical area of evaluating crew behavior and performance. One of the goals of the project is to verify that check airmen and LOFT instructors within organizations are evaluating CRM issues consistently and that differences observed between fleets are not a function of idiosyncracies on the part of observers. Attention is given to the research tools for crew evaluation.

The evolution of Crew Resource Management training in commercial aviation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, R. L.; Merritt, A. C.; Wilhelm, J. A.

1999-01-01

In this study, we describe changes in the nature of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training in commercial aviation, including its shift from cockpit to crew resource management. Validation of the impact of CRM is discussed. Limitations of CRM, including lack of cross-cultural generality are considered. An overarching framework that stresses error management to increase acceptance of CRM concepts is presented. The error management approach defines behavioral strategies taught in CRM as error countermeasures that are employed to avoid error, to trap errors committed, and to mitigate the consequences of error.

Shuttle mission simulator requirements report, volume 1, revision C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burke, J. F.

1973-01-01

The contractor tasks required to produce a shuttle mission simulator for training crew members and ground personnel are discussed. The tasks will consist of the design, development, production, installation, checkout, and field support of a simulator with two separate crew stations. The tasks include the following: (1) review of spacecraft changes and incorporation of appropriate changes in simulator hardware and software design, and (2) the generation of documentation of design, configuration management, and training used by maintenance and instructor personnel after acceptance for each of the crew stations.

Expedition-8 Crew Members Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

This is a portrait of the Expedition-8 two man crew. Pictured left is Cosmonaut Alexander Y, Kaleri, Soyuz Commander and flight engineer; and Michael C. Foale (right), Expedition-8 Mission Commander and NASA ISS Science Officer. The crew posed for this portrait while training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The two were launched for the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a Soyuz TMA-3 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, along with European Space Agency (ESA) Astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain, on October 18, 2003.

An Alternative Approach to Human Servicing of Crewed Earth Orbiting Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mularski, John R.; Alpert, Brian K.

2017-01-01

As crewed spacecraft have grown larger and more complex, they have come to rely on spacewalks, or Extravehicular Activities (EVA), for assembly and to assure mission success. Typically, these spacecraft maintain all of the hardware and trained personnel needed to perform an EVA on-board at all times. Maintaining this capability requires up-mass, volume for storage of EVA hardware, crew time for ground and on-orbit training, and on-orbit maintenance of EVA hardware. This paper proposes an alternative methodology, utilizing either launch-on-need hardware and crew or regularly scheduled missions to provide EVA capability for space stations in low Earth orbit after assembly complete. Much the same way that one would call a repairman to fix something at their home these EVAs are dedicated to maintenance and upgrades of the orbiting station. For crew safety contingencies it is assumed the station would be designed such the crew could either solve those issues from inside the spacecraft or use the docked Earth to Orbit vehicles as a return lifeboat, in the same manner as the International Space Station (ISS) which does not rely on EVA for crew safety related contingencies. This approach would reduce ground training requirements for long duration crews, save Intravehicular Activity (IVA) crew time in the form of EVA hardware maintenance and on-orbit training, and lead to more efficient EVAs because they would be performed by specialists with detailed knowledge and training stemming from their direct involvement in the development of the EVA. The on-orbit crew would then be available to focus on the immediate response to any failures such as IVA systems reconfiguration or jumper installation as well as the day-to-day operations of the spacecraft and payloads. This paper will look at how current unplanned EVAs are conducted on ISS, including the time required for preparation, and offer an alternative for future spacecraft. As this methodology relies on the on-time and on-need launch of spacecraft, any space station that utilized this approach would need a robust transportation system, possibly including more than one launch vehicle capable of carrying crew. In addition, the fault tolerance of the future space station would be an important consideration in how much time was available for EVA preparation after the failure. Ideally the fault tolerance of the station would allow for the maintenance tasks to be grouped such that they could be handled by regularly scheduled maintenance visits and not contingency launches. Each future program would have to weigh the risk of on-time launch against the increase in available crew time for the main objective of the spacecraft. This is only one of several ideas that could be used to reduce or eliminate a station's reliance on rapid turnaround EVAs using on-board crew. Others could include having shirt-sleeve access to critical systems or utilizing low pressure temporarily pressurized equipment bays.

Crew Communication as a Factor in Aviation Accidents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goguen, J. A.; Linde, C.; Murphy, M.

1984-01-01

The incidence of air transport accidents caused by problems in crew communication and coordination was investigated. Communication patterns which are most effective in specific situations were determined. Methods to assess the effectiveness of crew communication patterns were developed. The results lead to the development of new methods training crews in effective communication and provide guidelines for the design of aviation procedures and equipment.

STS-31 Crew Training: Firefighting, Food Tasting, EVA Prep and Post

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

The Space Shuttle crew is shown lighting a pond of gasoline and then performing firefighting tasks. The crew is also shown tasting food including lemonade, chicken casserole, and tortillas, and performing extravehicular activity (EVA) equipment checkouts in the CCT middeck and airlock.

STS-31 crew training: firefighting, food tasting, EVA prep and post

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-03-01

The Space Shuttle crew is shown lighting a pond of gasoline and then performing firefighting tasks. The crew is also shown tasting food including lemonade, chicken casserole, and tortillas, and performing extravehicular activity (EVA) equipment checkouts in the CCT middeck and airlock.

[Some approaches to the countermeasure system for a mars exploration mission].

PubMed

Kozlovskaia, I B; Egorov, A D; Son'kin, V D

2010-01-01

In article discussed physiological and methodical principles of the organization of training process and his (its) computerization during Martian flight in conditions of autonomous activity of the crew, providing interaction with onboard medical means, self-maintained by crew of the their health, performance of preventive measures, diagnostic studies and, in case of necessity, carrying out of treatment. In super long autonomous flights essentially become complicated the control of ground experts over of crew members conditions, that testifies to necessity of a computerization of control process by a state of health of crew, including carrying out of preventive actions. The situation becomes complicated impossibility of reception and transfer aboard the necessary information in real time and emergency returning of crew to the Earth. In these conditions realization of problems of physical preventive maintenance should be solved by means of the onboard automated expert system, providing management by trainings of each crew members, directed on optimization of their psychophysical condition.

14 CFR 21.195 - Experimental certificates: Aircraft to be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. 21.195 Section 21.195... be used for market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training. Link to an amendment... States may apply for an experimental certificate for an aircraft that is to be used for market surveys...

STS-26 crew on fixed based (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Commander Frederick H. Hauck (left) and Pilot Richard O. Covey review checklists in their respective stations on the foward flight deck. The STS-26 crew is training in the fixed base (FB) shuttle mission simulator (SMS) located in JSC Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

Gemini 3 prime crew egress throught command pilot's hatch during training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Both members of the Gemini-Titan 3 prime crew egress through the left, or command pilot's hatch, into the Gulf of Mexico during specialized training in egress from the Gemini spacecraft. Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom, the command pilot, has already climbed into a raft, as Astronaut John W. Young, the pilot, egresses from the spacecraft.

STS-133 crew members Lindsey, Boe and Drew during Tool/Repair Kits training with instructor

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-26

JSC2010-E-014262 (26 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Eric Boe (left), STS-133 pilot; Steve Lindsey, commander; and Alvin Drew, mission specialist, participate in an ISS tools and repair kits training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Instructor Ivy Apostolakopoulos assisted the crew members.

CREW TRAINING - APOLLO XVI

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-03-02

S72-30694 (28 Jan. 1972) --- Astronauts John W. Young, left, Apollo 16 commander, and Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, prepare to begin a simulated traverse in a training area at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The fifth National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Apollo lunar landing mission is scheduled to land in the mountainous highlands region near the crater Descartes to explore the area for a three-day period. Among the experiments to fly on Apollo 16 is the soil mechanics (S-200) experiment or self-recording penetrometer, a model of which is held here by Duke. A training model of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is parked between the two crew men. Astronaut Thomas K. (Ken) Mattingly II is prime crew command module pilot for the mission.

STS 61-A crew during emergency egress training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

STS 61-A crew during emergency egress training. Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., STS 61-A mission commander, uses a Sky-Genie to practice emergency egress from a Shuttle vehicle. This training was held in the Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory (41244); Ernst Messerschmid, German payload specialist, goes through a rehearsal of procedures involved in preparing for launch and landing aboard the Shuttle. Briefing Messerschmid is Alan N. Rochford (41245); Descending from a simulated Shuttle orbiter, using a Sky-Genie device, is Astronaut Henry M. Hartsfield, Jr. Watching in blue flight garments are other members of the crew. They are, left to right, Ernst Messerschmid, German payload specialist; James F. Buchli, mission specialist; Bonnie J. Dunbar, mission specialist; Wubbo J. Ockels, Dutch payload specialist.

[An expert system for controlling the physical training program of crews on long-term space missions].

PubMed

Son'kin, V D; Egorov, A D; Zaĭtseva, V V; Son'kin, V V; Stepantsov, V I

2003-01-01

The concept of in-flight expert system for controlling (ESC) the physical training program during extended, including Martian, space missions has been developed based on the literature dedicated to the microgravity countermeasures and a retrospective analysis of effectiveness of the known ESC methods. This concept and the principle of crew autonomy were used as prime assumptions for defining the structure of ESC-based training in long-duration and planetary missions.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014952 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Michael Good (seated) and Garrett Reisman, both STS-132 mission specialists, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The prime crew of the first manned Apollo space mission, Apollo 7, participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. In hatch of the Apollo egress trainer (command module) is Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., Sitting in life raft are Astronauts Walter Cunningham (on left) and Donn F. Eisele. A team of Manned Spaceflight Center swimmers assisted with the training exercise. The inflated bags were used to upright the trainer prior to egress.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The prime crew of the first manned Apollo space mission, Apollo 7, participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are Astronauts Walter M. Schirra Jr. (stepping into life raft); Donn F. Eisele, and Walter Cunningham. They have just egressed the Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102, and are awaiting helicopter pickup. Inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate. Manned Spaceflight Center swimmers assisted in the training exercise.

STS-82 Suit-up for Post Insertion Training in Crew Compartment Trainer 2

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-30

S96-18552 (30 Oct. 1996) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox (left), STS-82 mission commander, chats with astronaut Scott J. Horowitz prior to an emergency bailout training session in JSC's systems integration facility. Wearing training versions of the partial pressure launch and entry escape suit, Bowersox and his crew simulated an emergency ejection, using the escape pole system on the mid deck, as well as other phases of their scheduled February mission.

Crew Training - Apollo IX (Egress) - Gulf

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-20

S68-50967 (20 Nov. 1968) --- The Apollo 9 prime crew participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Apollo Command Module (CM) Boilerplate 1102 was used in the training. Egressing boilerplate is astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander. In life raft are astronauts Russell L. Schweickart (on left), lunar pilot; and David R. Scott, command pilot. A team of MSC swimmers assisted in the exercise. The inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate prior to egress.

Cadre Photos for Joint Test Team Feature

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-23

During a tour of SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California, commercial crew astronauts Bob Behnken, left, and Eric Boe participate in joint test team training using mockup components of the Crew Dragon on Feb. 23, 2017. Mike Good, program manager for Crew Operations and Testing at Johnson Space Center in Houston, is in the background. Crew Dragon is being developed and manufactured in partnership with NASA's Commercial Crew Program to return human spaceflight capabilities to the U.S.

Space Shuttle news reference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

A detailed description of the space shuttle vehicle and associated subsystems is given. Space transportation system propulsion, power generation, environmental control and life support system and avionics are among the topics. Also, orbiter crew accommodations and equipment, mission operations and support, and flight crew complement and crew training are addressed.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose for photo at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose at Launch Pad 39A after training exercises. Pictured (left to right) are STS-105 Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester and Daniel Barry and Commander Scott Horowitz; Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; and STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The training includes emergency egress, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, which is seen in the background. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Expedition 6 crew pauses for a photo after emergency egress training at the pad, which included driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier behind them. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown.. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Pilot Paul Lockhart test drives an M-113 armored personnel carrier, part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. He is accompanied by several other crew members, seen at left, Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria and Commander James Wetherbee. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition 6 crew member Donald Pettit concentrates on driving an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown.. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition 6 crew member Nikolai Budarin takes his turn driving an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown.. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) training in the 1550th combat crew training wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fiedler, Michael T.

1987-01-01

The training program the 1550th Combat Crew Training Wing at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, implemented in September 1985 is discussed. The program is called Aircrew Coordination Training (ACT), and it is designed specifically to help aircrew members work more effectively as a team in their respective aircraft and hopefully to reduce human factors-related accidents. The scope of the 1550th CCTW's training responsibilities is described, the structure of the program, along with a brief look at the content of the academic part of the course. Then the Mission-Oriented Simulator Training (MOST) program is discussed; a program similar to the Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) programs. Finally, the future plans for the Aircrew Coordination Training Program at the 1550th is discussed.

Commerical Crew Program (CCP) Astronauts Speak To Employees

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-11

Astronauts selected to train for the flight tests of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program participated in a panel discussion with employees at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. From left, are Kennedy Center Director Bob Cabana, Commercial Crew Program Manager Kathy Lueders, and astronauts Eric Boe and Suni Williams.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014953 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist; and Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 23/24 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014949 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist; and Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 23/24 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014956 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Ken Ham (left foreground), STS-132 commander; Michael Good, mission specialist; and Tony Antonelli (right), pilot, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014951 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Michael Good (seated), Garrett Reisman (right foreground), both STS-132 mission specialists; and Tony Antonelli, pilot, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-134 crew in Virtual Reality Lab during their MSS/EVAA SUPT2 Team training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-08-27

JSC2010-E-121049 (27 Aug. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Andrew Feustel (foreground), STS-134 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-133 crew during MSS/EVAA TEAM training in Virtual Reality Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-01

JSC2010-E-170878 (1 Oct. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, STS-133 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-134 crew in Virtual Reality Lab during their MSS/EVAA SUPT2 Team training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-08-27

JSC2010-E-121056 (27 Aug. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Gregory H. Johnson, STS-134 pilot, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-133 crew during MSS/EVAA TEAM training in Virtual Reality Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-01

JSC2010-E-170888 (1 Oct. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, STS-133 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of her duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-133 crew during MSS/EVAA TEAM training in Virtual Reality Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-01

JSC2010-E-170882 (1 Oct. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, STS-133 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of her duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Apollo 8 prime crew seen during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The prime crew of the Apollo 8 mission in life raft awaiting pickup by U.S. Coast Guard helicopter during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. They had just egressed Apollo Boilerplate 1102A, at left. Inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate. Left to right, are Astronauts William A. Anders, lunar module pilot; James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander. A team of Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmers assisted with the training exercise.

Apollo 8 prime crew seen during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-10-19

S68-53217 (19 Oct. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot of the Apollo 8 prime crew, in special net being hoisted up to a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Awaiting his turn for helicopter pickup is astronaut William A. Anders (in raft), lunar module pilot. Astronaut Frank Borman, commander, had already been picked up. A team of Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmers assisted with the training exercise.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-08-05

S68-46605 (5 Aug. 1968) --- The prime crew of the first manned Apollo mission (Spacecraft 101/Saturn 205) participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are astronauts Walter M. Schirra Jr. (stepping into life raft), Donn F. Eisele, and Walter Cunningham. They have just egressed Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102, and are awaiting helicopter pickup. Inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate. MSC swimmers assisted in the training exercise.

Apollo 8 prime crew seen during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-10-19

S68-53223 (19 Oct. 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 8 mission in life raft awaiting pickup by U.S. Coast Guard helicopter during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. They had just egressed Apollo Boilerplate 1102A, at left. Inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate. Left to right, are astronauts William A. Anders, lunar module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander. A team of MSC swimmers assisted with the training exercise.

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-08-05

S68-42197 (5 Aug. 1968) --- The prime crew of the first manned Apollo space mission, Apollo 7, participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. In hatch of the Apollo egress trainer (command module) is astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr. Sitting in life raft are astronauts Walter Cunningham (on left) and Donn F. Eisele. A team of MSC swimmers assisted with the training exercise. The inflated bags were used to upright the trainer prior to egress.

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029131 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured on the right (front to back) are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists; along with Doug Hurley (left foreground), pilot. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029132 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the left (facing camera) are NASA astronauts Rex Walheim and Sandy Magnus, both mission specialists; and Chris Ferguson, commander; along with Doug Hurley (right foreground), pilot. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut William McArthur prepares for a training exercise

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-07-20

S93-38686 (20 July 1993) --- Wearing a training version of the partial pressure launch and entry garment, astronaut William S. McArthur prepares to rehearse emergency egress procedures for the STS-58 mission. McArthur, along with the five other NASA astronauts and a visiting payload specialist assigned to the seven-member crew, later simulated contingency evacuation procedures. Most of the training session took place in the crew compartment and full fuselage trainers of the Space Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

Astronaut William McArthur prepares for a training exercise

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-07-20

S93-38679 (20 July 1993) --- Wearing a training version of the partial pressure launch and entry garment, astronaut William S. McArthur listens to a briefing on emergency egress procedures for the STS-58 mission. McArthur, along with five other NASA astronauts and a visiting payload specialist assigned to the seven member crew, later rehearsed contingency evacuation procedures. Most of the training session took place in the crew compartment and full fuselage trainers of the Space Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

Crew Training - Apollo IX (Egress) - Gulf

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-20

S68-50960 (20 Nov. 1968) --- The Apollo 9 prime crew participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102 was used in the training. In life raft is astronaut David R. Scott, command module pilot. Egressing the boilerplate is astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot. Still inside boilerplate, out of view, is astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander. A team of MSC swimmers assisted in the exercise. The inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate prior to egress.

Crew Training - Apollo IX (Egress) - Gulf

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-20

S68-50977 (20 Nov. 1968) --- The Apollo 9 prime crew participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102 was used in the training. Egressing the boilerplate is astronaut David R. Scott, command module pilot. Inside the boilerplate, out of view, are astronauts James A. McDivitt, commander; and Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot. A team of MSC swimmers assisted in the exercise. The inflated bags were used to upright the boilerplate prior to egress.

STS-62 Preflight training in Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) in bldg 9A

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-11-01

S93-48462 (5 Nov. 1993) --- Astronaut Charles D. (Sam) Gemar, wearing a partial pressure launch and entry suit (LES), takes a break during a training exercise at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). The mission specialist and four crew mates rehearsed emergency egress procedures using the escape pole device in the trainer's hatchway (near right center frame).

Astronaut Scott Parazynski in hatch of CCT during training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski, STS-66 mission specialist, poses near the hatchway of the crew compartment trainer (CCT) (out of frame) in JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory. Crew members were about to begin a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during the launch and entry phases of their flight. That rehearsal was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures.

CREW TRAINING - STS-33/51-L

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-09-12

S85-40171 (5 Sept. 1985) --- Astronaut Judith A. Resnik, in her office, at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Resnik is taking a break from training for her upcoming space mission. EDITOR’S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

Apollo 7 prime crew during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-08-05

S68-46604 (5 Aug. 1968) --- The prime crew of the first manned Apollo mission (Spacecraft 101/Saturn 205) is seen in Apollo Command Module Boilerplate 1102 during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. In foreground is astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., in center is astronaut Donn F. Eisele, and in background is astronaut Walter Cunningham.

Final space shuttle crew training session in the NBL

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-13

Photograph final space shuttle crew training session in the NBL with STS-135 Mission Specialists Sandy Magnus & Rex Walheim. STS-135 Commander Chris Ferguson serves as Intravehicular suit-up lead, Pilot Doug Hurley serves as robotic arm operator. Mission Specialists Sandy Magnus & Rex Walheim in the water. Photo Date: June 13, 2011. Location: NBL - Pool Topside. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

STS-335 crew training, EVA TPS Overview with instructor John Ray

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-03

JSC2010-E-183513 (3 Nov. 2010) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/ Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the left are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Rex Walheim, mission specialist; Doug Hurley, pilot; and Sandy Magnus, mission specialist. John Ray (right) assisted the crew members. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-335 crew training, EVA TPS Overview with instructor John Ray

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-03

JSC2010-E-183514 (3 Nov. 2010) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/ Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the left are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Rex Walheim, mission specialist; Doug Hurley, pilot; and Sandy Magnus, mission specialist. John Ray (right) assisted the crew members. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STS-335 crew training, EVA TPS Overview with instructor John Ray

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-11-03

JSC2010-E-183512 (3 Nov. 2010) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/ Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the left are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Rex Walheim, mission specialist; Doug Hurley, pilot; and Sandy Magnus, mission specialist. John Ray (right) assisted the crew members. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

KSC-08pd1174

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Akihiko Hoshide takes his place in the M113 armored personnel carrier, to practice driving as part of emergency training. He and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1171

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Ron Garan is pleased with his driving practice in the M113 armored personnel carrier, part of emergency training. He and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1182

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Commander Mark Kelly is ready to practice driving the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. He and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1180

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Mike Fossum stands ready to practice driving the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. He and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1178

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Greg Chamitoff stands ready to practice driving the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. He and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1166

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Karen Nyberg waits to begin training on the M113 armored personnel carrier on Launch Pad 39B. She and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd2605

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of the STS-122 crew take part in harness training in the Orbiter Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Seen from left are Mission Specialists Stanley Love and Leland Melvin and Pilot Alan Poindexter. The crew is at Kennedy to take part in a crew equipment interface test, or CEIT, which helps familiarize them with equipment and payloads for the mission. Among the activities standard to a CEIT are harness training, inspection of the thermal protection system and camera operation for planned extravehicular activities, or EVAs. STS-122 is targeted for launch in December. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Rehabilitation After International Space Station Flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chauvin, S. J.; Shepherd, B. A. S.; Guilliams, M. E.; Taddeo, T.

2003-01-01

Rehabilitating U.S. crew members to preflight status following flights on the Russian Mir Space Station required longer than six months for full functional recovery of some of the seven crew members. Additional exercise hardware has been added on the International Space Station as well as a rehabilitative emphasis on functional fitness/agility and proprioception. The authors will describe and present the results of the rehabilitation program for ISS and evaluate rehabilitative needs for longer missions. Pre- and in-flight programs emphasize strength and aerobic conditioning. One year before launch, crew members are assigned an Astronaut Strength and Conditioning specialist. Crew members are scheduled for 2 hours, 3 days a week, for pre-flight training and 2.5 hours, six days a week, for in-flight training. Crewmembers are tested on functional fitness, agility, isokinetic strength, and submaximal cycle ergometer evaluation before and after flight. The information from these tests is used for exercise prescriptions, comparison, and evaluation of the astronaut and training programs. The rehabilitation program lasts for 45 days and is scheduled for 2 hours during each crew workday. Phase 1 of the rehabilitation program starts on landing day and places emphasis on ambulation, flexibility, and muscle strengthening. Phase 2 adds proprioceptive exercise and cardiovascular conditioning. Phase 3 (the longest phase) focuses on functional development. All programs are tailored specifically for each individual according to their test results, preferred recreational activities, and mission roles and duties. Most crew members reached or exceeded their preflight test values 45 days after flight. Some crew members subjectively indicated the need for a longer rehabilitation period. The current rehabilitation program for returning ISS crew members seems adequate in content but may need to be extended for longer expeditions.

APOLLO XI CREW - WATER EGRESS TRAINING - GULF

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-05-24

S69-34967 (24 May 1969) --- The third member of the prime crew of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission egresses Apollo Boilerplate 1102 during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. The other two crewmen are in raft. Taking part in the training were astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot. The three crewmen practiced donning and wearing biological isolation garments (B.I.G.) as a part of the exercise. The Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmer standing up, who assisted in the training, is also wearing a B.I.G.

Exp. 55-56 Qual Exams Video File

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-22

Expedition 55-56 Crew Undergoes Final Training Outside Moscow Three crew members preparing for a five-month mission on the International Space Station completed their final training before launch. Expedition 55-56 Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos and Flight Engineers Drew Feustel and Ricky Arnold of NASA and their backups, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos and Nick Hague of NASA, conducted final qualification training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia Feb. 20 and 21. Artemyev, Feustel and Arnold are scheduled to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft on March 21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

KSC-08pd0592

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-25

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Emergency egress training completed, the STS-123 crew members gather at the slidewire baskets. In front is Mission Specialist Takao Doi, who represents the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. The egress training followed the simulated launch countdown, which was the culmination of the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT. The TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency egress training. Endeavour is targeted to launch at 2:28 a.m. EDT March 11 on the 16-day STS-123 mission to the International Space Station. Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Behavioral and biological effects of autonomous versus scheduled mission management in simulated space-dwelling groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roma, Peter G.; Hursh, Steven R.; Hienz, Robert D.; Emurian, Henry H.; Gasior, Eric D.; Brinson, Zabecca S.; Brady, Joseph V.

2011-05-01

Logistical constraints during long-duration space expeditions will limit the ability of Earth-based mission control personnel to manage their astronaut crews and will thus increase the prevalence of autonomous operations. Despite this inevitability, little research exists regarding crew performance and psychosocial adaptation under such autonomous conditions. To this end, a newly-initiated study on crew management systems was conducted to assess crew performance effectiveness under rigid schedule-based management of crew activities by Mission Control versus more flexible, autonomous management of activities by the crews themselves. Nine volunteers formed three long-term crews and were extensively trained in a simulated planetary geological exploration task over the course of several months. Each crew then embarked on two separate 3-4 h missions in a counterbalanced sequence: Scheduled, in which the crews were directed by Mission Control according to a strict topographic and temporal region-searching sequence, and Autonomous, in which the well-trained crews received equivalent baseline support from Mission Control but were free to explore the planetary surface as they saw fit. Under the autonomous missions, performance in all three crews improved (more high-valued geologic samples were retrieved), subjective self-reports of negative emotional states decreased, unstructured debriefing logs contained fewer references to negative emotions and greater use of socially-referent language, and salivary cortisol output across the missions was attenuated. The present study provides evidence that crew autonomy may improve performance and help sustain if not enhance psychosocial adaptation and biobehavioral health. These controlled experimental data contribute to an emerging empirical database on crew autonomy which the international astronautics community may build upon for future research and ultimately draw upon when designing and managing missions.

STS-102 crew poses on the FSS at Launch Pad 39B during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Relaxing after emergency escape training on the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39B, are(left to right) STS-102 Mission Specialists Andrew Thomas and Paul Richards and Commander James Wetherbee. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Also flying on the mission are the Expedition Two crew, who will replace the Expedition One crew on Space Station. Expedition One will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8.

Aviation safety and automation technology for subsonic transports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Albers, James A.

1991-01-01

Discussed here are aviation safety human factors and air traffic control (ATC) automation research conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center. Research results are given in the areas of flight deck and ATC automations, displays and warning systems, crew coordination, and crew fatigue and jet lag. Accident investigation and an incident reporting system that is used to guide the human factors research is discussed. A design philosophy for human-centered automation is given, along with an evaluation of automation on advanced technology transports. Intelligent error tolerant systems such as electronic checklists are discussed along with design guidelines for reducing procedure errors. The data on evaluation of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training indicates highly significant positive changes in appropriate flight deck behavior and more effective use of available resources for crew members receiving the training.

KSC-01pp1310

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-105 Commander Scott Horowitz is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other STS-105 crew members taking part are Pilot Rick Sturckow and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the Expedition Three crew, Commander Frank Culbertson, and cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Crew Resource Management for Obstetric and Neonatal Teams to Improve Communication During Cesarean Births.

PubMed

Mancuso, Mary P; Dziadkowiec, Oliwier; Kleiner, Catherine; Halverson-Carpenter, Katherine; Link, Terri; Barry, James

2016-01-01

To assess the effectiveness of crew resource management training and interventions on the quality and quantity of communication during cesarean births in a tertiary academic hospital's labor and birthing services. A prospective pre-post crew resource management training intervention. Tertiary academic hospital in the Western United States. All members of obstetric and neonatal teams that participated in cesarean births. Over a 5-month time period, all obstetric and neonatal staff were required to participate in team training in crew resource management critical language, communication, and team structure. Trained observers collected baseline data (n = 52) for 3 months on the quantity and quality of communications that occurred during cesarean births. Postintervention data (n = 50) were gathered for 3 months after team training. Analysis approach included use of Fisher's exact test, independent-samples t test, and multilevel generalized linear regression models with Poisson distribution. There was a statistically significant increase in quantity and quality of communication from pre- to postintervention assessment for obstetric and neonatal staff. Although the increase in quality was similarly great between both types of teams, increase in quantity was more substantial in obstetric staff. Principles of team communication training shown to be effective in increasing communication among team members in a variety of clinical areas were also effective in improving communication in the labor and birth setting during cesarean births. Copyright © 2016 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EAC trains its first international astronaut class.

PubMed

Bolender, Hans; Bessone, Loredana; Schoen, Andreas; Stevenin, Herve

2002-11-01

After several years of planning and preparation, ESA's ISS training programme has become operational. Between 26 August and 6 September, the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) near Cologne gave the first ESA advanced training course for an international ISS astronaut class. The ten astronauts who took part--two from NASA, four from Japan and four from ESA--had begun their advanced training programme back in 2001 with sessions at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston and at the Japanese Training Centre in Tsukuba. During their stay in Cologne, the ten astronauts participated in a total of 33 classroom lessons and hands-on training sessions, which gave them a detailed overview of the systems and subsystems of the Columbus module, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and the related crew operations tasks. They were also introduced to the four ESA experiment facilities to be operated inside the Columbus module. After their first week of training at EAC, the astronauts were given the opportunity to see the flight model of the Columbus module being integrated at the site of ESA's ISS prime contractor, Astrium in Bremen. The second week of training at EAC included hands-on instruction on the Columbus Data Management System (DMS) using the recently installed Columbus Crew Training Facility. In preparation for the first advanced crew training session at EAC, two Training Readiness Reviews (TRR) were conducted there in June and August. These reviews were supported by training experts and astronauts from NASA, NASDA and CSA (Canada), who were introduced to ESA's advanced training concept and the development process, and then analysed and evaluated the training flow, content and instructional soundness of lessons and courses, as well as the fidelity of the training facilities and the skills of the ESA training instructors. The International Training Control Board (ITCB), made up of representatives from all of the ISS International Partners and mandated to control and coordinate all multilateral training for ISS crew and ground-support personnel, testified to ESA's readiness to provide Advanced Training by declaring the EAC TRR successful. The completion of this first training course was therefore a good opportunity for the Astronaut Training Division to assess the status of its training programme. The comments and recommendations of the training experts and the astronauts who took part have been carefully evaluated and the results are being fed back into the ongoing training development process.

STS-135 crew during Ingress/Egress Timeline training in building 9NW space station mockups

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-04-29

JSC2011-E-043872 (29 April 2011) --- NASA astronauts Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both STS-135 mission specialists, participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. A crew instructor (right) assisted Magnus and Walheim. Photo credit: NASA

CREW TRAINING - STS-33/51-L

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-09-12

S85-40173 (5 Sept. 1985) --- In Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) Astronaut Office, astronaut F. Richard (Dick) Scobee, STS-51L mission commander, takes a break from training for his upcoming space mission. EDITOR’S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

Apollo 9 prime crew inside Apollo command module boilerplate during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-05

S68-54850 (5 Nov. 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 9 (Spacecraft 104/Lunar Module 3/Saturn 504) space mission are seen inside an Apollo command module boilerplate during water egress training activity in the Gulf of Mexico. From foreground, are astronauts James A. McDivitt, commander; David R. Scott, command module pilot; and Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41539 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Pamela A. Melroy, STS-120 commander, uses the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for her duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41532 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Stephanie D. Wilson, STS-120 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for her duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41531 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Pamela A. Melroy, STS-120 commander, uses the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for her duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

Naval Facilities Engineering Command Needs to Improve Controls Over Task Order Administration

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-02

consolidated joint use Submarine Learning Center and Submarine Squadron Headquarters facility that: • includes training space for submarine crews, and...allows frequent and timely interaction between Headquarters personnel, Submarine Learning Center instructors, and waterfront operations personnel...Introduction DODIG-2015-141 │ 3 Project P-528 provides a Torpedo Exercise Support facility that: • supports submarine crew training and certification to

STS-131 crew training during FFT CCTV Lighting 91019 ( Lights Out).

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-11-16

JSC2009-E-240951 (16 Nov. 2009) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki (foreground) and NASA astronaut Stephanie Wilson, both STS-131 mission specialists, participate in a Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT) mock-up training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. United Space Alliance (USA) instructor David L. Williams assisted the crew members.

More explicit communication after classroom-based crew resource management training: results of a pragmatic trial.

PubMed

Verbeek-van Noord, Inge; de Bruijne, Martine C; Twisk, Jos W R; van Dyck, Cathy; Wagner, Cordula

2015-02-01

Aviation-based crew resource management trainings to optimize non-technical skills among professionals are often suggested for health care as a way to increase patient safety. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a 2-day classroom-based crew resource management (CRM) training at emergency departments (EDs) on explicit professional oral communication (EPOC; non-technical skills). A pragmatic controlled before-after trial was conducted. Four EDs of general teaching hospitals were recruited (two intervention and two control departments). ED nurses and ED doctors were observed on their non-technical skills by means of a validated observation tool (EPOC). Our main outcome measure was the amount of EPOC observed per interaction in 30 minutes direct observations. Three outcome measures from EPOC were analysed: human interaction, anticipation on environment and an overall EPOC score. Linear and logistic mixed model analyses were performed. Models were corrected for the outcome measurement at baseline, days between training and observation, patient safety culture and error management culture at baseline. A statistically significant increase after the training was found on human interaction (β=0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.49) and the overall EPOC score (β=0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.43), but not for anticipation on environment (OR=1.19, 95% CI .45-3.15). This means that approximately 25% more explicit communication was shown after CRM training. We found an increase in the use of CRM skills after classroom-based crew resource management training. This study adds to the body of evidence that CRM trainings have the potential to increase patient safety by reducing communication flaws, which play an important role in health care-related adverse events. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Relating safety, productivity and company type for motor-manual logging operations in the Italian Alps.

PubMed

Montorselli, Niccolò Brachetti; Lombardini, Carolina; Magagnotti, Natascia; Marchi, Enrico; Neri, Francesco; Picchi, Gianni; Spinelli, Raffaele

2010-11-01

The study compared the performance of four different logging crews with respect to productivity, organization and safety. To this purpose, the authors developed a data collection method capable of providing a quantitative analysis of risk-taking behavior. Four crews were tested under the same working conditions, representative of close-to-nature alpine forestry. Motor-manual working methods were applied, since these methods are still prevalent in the specific study area, despite the growing popularity of mechanical processors. Crews from public companies showed a significantly lower frequency of risk-taking behavior. The best safety performance was offered by the only (public) crew that had been administered formal safety training. The study seems to deny the common prejudice that safety practice is inversely proportional to productivity. Instead, productivity is increased by introducing more efficient working methods and equipment. The quantitative analysis of risk-taking behavior developed in this study can be applied to a number of industrial fields besides forestry. Characterizing risk-taking behavior for a given case may eventually lead to the development of custom-made training programmes, which may address problem areas while avoiding that the message is weakened by the inclusion of redundant information. In the specific case of logging crews in the central Alps, the study suggests that current training courses may be weak on ergonomics, and advocates a staged training programme, focusing first on accident reduction and then expanding to the prevention of chronic illness. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction of the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident, Investigation Details, Findings and Crew Survival Investigation Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chandler, Michael

2010-01-01

As the Space Shuttle Program comes to an end, it is important that the lessons learned from the Columbia accident be captured and understood by those who will be developing future aerospace programs and supporting current programs. Aeromedical lessons learned from the Accident were presented at AsMA in 2005. This Panel will update that information, closeout the lessons learned, provide additional information on the accident and provide suggestions for the future. To set the stage, an overview of the accident is required. The Space Shuttle Columbia was returning to Earth with a crew of seven astronauts on 1Feb, 2003. It disintegrated along a track extending from California to Louisiana and observers along part of the track filmed the breakup of Columbia. Debris was recovered from Littlefield, Texas to Fort Polk, Louisiana, along a 567 statute mile track; the largest ever recorded debris field. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) concluded its investigation in August 2003, and released their findings in a report published in February 2004. NASA recognized the importance of capturing the lessons learned from the loss of Columbia and her crew and the Space Shuttle Program managers commissioned the Spacecraft Crew Survival Integrated Investigation Team (SCSIIT) to accomplish this. Their task was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the accident, focusing on factors and events affecting crew survival, and to develop recommendations for improving crew survival, including the design features, equipment, training and procedures intended to protect the crew. NASA released the Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Report in December 2008. Key personnel have been assembled to give you an overview of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident, the medical response, the medico-legal issues, the SCSIIT findings and recommendations and future NASA flight surgeon spacecraft accident response training. Educational Objectives: Set the stage for the Panel to address the investigation, medico-legal issues, the Spacecraft Crew Survival Integrated Investigation Team report and training for accident response.

The design and delivery of crew resource management training: exploiting available resources.

PubMed

Salas, E; Rhodenizer, L; Bowers, C A

2000-01-01

Despite widespread acceptance throughout commercial and military settings, crew resource management (CRM) training programs have not escaped doubts about their effectiveness. The current state of CRM training is an example of how an entire body of pertinent research and development has not had the impact on practice that it could. In this paper we outline additional resources (i.e., principles, information, findings, and guidelines) from the team training and training effectiveness research literatures that can be used to improve the design and delivery of CRM training. Some of the resources discussed include knowledge about training effectiveness, training teamwork-related skills, scenario design, and performance measurement. We conclude with a discussion of emerging resources as well as those that need to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to provide the CRM training developer with better access to resources that can be applied to the design and delivery of CRM training programs.

Training for long duration space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldberg, Joseph H.

1987-01-01

The successful completion of an extended duration manned mission to Mars will require renewed research effort in the areas of crew training and skill retention techniques. The current estimate of inflight transit time is about nine months each way, with a six month surface visit, an order of magnitude beyond previous U.S. space missions. Concerns arise when considering the level of skill retention required for highly critical, one time operations such as an emergency procedure or a Mars orbit injection. The factors responsible for the level of complex skill retention are reviewed, optimal ways of refreshing degraded skills are suggested, and a conceptual crew training design for a Mars mission is outlined. Currently proposed crew activities during a Mars mission were reviewed to identify the spectrum of skills which must be retained over a long time period. Skill retention literature was reviewed to identify those factors which must be considered in deciding when and which tasks need retraining. Task, training, and retention interval factors were identified. These factors were then interpreted in light of the current state of spaceflight and adaptive training systems.

Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-14

Photographic documentation of Expedition One crew in Russia with Service Module. Views include: The three crew members for ISS Expedition One train with computers on the trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module. From the left are cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer; and astronaut William Shepherd, mission commander. The session took place at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18628). View looking toward the hatch inside the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18629). A wide shot of the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup, with the transfer compartment in the foreground (18630). Side view of the Zvezda Service Module (18631). An interior shot of the Zarya / Functional Cargo Bay (FGB) trainer / mockup (18632). Astronaut Scott Kelly, director of operations - Russia, walks through a full scale trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18633). Astronaut William Shepherd (right) mission commander for ISS Expedition One, and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer, participate in a training session in a trainer / mockup of the Zvezda Service Module (18634).

Crew Selection and Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1996-01-01

This research addressed a number of issues relevant to the performance of teams in demanding environments. Initial work, conducted in the aviation analog environment, focused on developing new measures of performance related attitudes and behaviors. The attitude measures were used to assess acceptance of concepts related to effective teamwork and personal capabilities under stress. The behavioral measures were used to evaluate the effectiveness of flight crews operating in commercial aviation. Assessment of team issues in aviation led further to the evaluation and development of training to enhance team performance. Much of the work addressed evaluation of the effectiveness of such training, which has become known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). A second line of investigation was into personality characteristics that predict performance in challenging environments such as aviation and space. A third line of investigation of team performance grew out of the study of flight crews in different organizations. This led to the development of a theoretical model of crew performance that included not only individual attributes such as personality and ability, but also organizational and national culture. A final line of investigation involved beginning to assess whether the methodologies and measures developed for the aviation analog could be applied to another domain -- the performance of medical teams working in the operating room.

KSC-08pd0467

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39, STS-123 Mission Specialist Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency takes time out from driving practice of the M-113 armored personnel carrier to pose for a photo. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission will each practice driving the M-113 in turn as part of his training on emergency egress procedures. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The STS-123 crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. Endeavour's seven astronauts arrived at Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility in their T-38 training aircraft between 10:45 and 10:58 a.m. EST. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1167

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialists Greg Chamitoff (left) and Akihiko Hoshide (center) and Commander Mark Kelly take part in M113 training on Launch Pad 39A. They and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1172

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Karen Nyberg is ready to begin driving practice in the M113 armored personnel carrier, part of emergency training. Behind her is Pilot Ken Ham. She and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1176

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Pilot Ken Ham stands ready to practice driving the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Behind him is Mission Specialist Karen Nyberg. Ham and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1169

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Ron Garan is ready to drive the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Behind him is Pilot Ken Ham. They and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Astronaut Robert Crippen holds training model of Skylab experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-06-15

S72-43280 (15 June 1972) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, Skylab Medical Experiment Altitude Test (SMEAT) commander, holds the training model of Skylab experiment T003, the aerosol analysis test, in this preview of SMEAT activity. He is part of a three-man SMEAT crew who will spend up to 56 days in the Crew Systems Division's 20-foot altitude chamber at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) beginning in mid-July to obtain medical data and evaluate medical experiment equipment for Skylab. The two crew members not shown in this view are astronauts Karol J. Bobko, SMEAT pilot, and Dr. William E. Thornton, SMEAT science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

KSC-08pd1179

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Greg Chamitoff drives the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Behind him Commander Mark Kelly. At center is Battalion Chief George Hoggard providing supervision. Chamitoff and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-26 MS Hilmers during egress training at JSC's MAIL full fuselage trainer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) David C. Hilmers, wearing a launch and entry suit (LES) and launch and entry helmet (LEH), tries out the new crew escape system (CES) inflated slide during an emergency egress training exercise in JSC's Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory (MAIL) Bldg 9A. Technicians stand on either side of the slide ready to help Hilmers to his feet once he reaches the bottom. Watching from floor level at the far left is astronaut Steven R. Nagel. A second crewmember stands in the open side hatch of the Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT) awaiting his turn to slide to 'safety'. During Crew Station Review (CSR) #3, the crew donned the new (navy blue) partial pressure suits (LESs) and checked out CES slide and other CES configurations to evaluate crew equipment and procedures related to emergency egress methods and proposed crew escape options. The CES pole extends out the side hatch just above Hilmers' head.

Training - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-07-12

S75-28485 (12 July 1975) --- Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew, practices operating a Docking Module hatch during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project preflight training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. The Docking Module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft during their docking mission in Earth orbit. Gary L. Doerre of JSC?s Crew Training and Procedures Division is working with Brand. Doerre is wearing a face mask to help prevent possible exposure to Brand of disease prior to the ASTP launch.

STS-134 crew in Virtual Reality Lab during their MSS/EVAA SUPT2 Team training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-08-27

JSC2010-E-121045 (27 Aug. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Andrew Feustel (right), STS-134 mission specialist, uses the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of his duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements. David Homan assisted Feustel. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Apollo 9 prime crew participates in water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The Apollo 9 prime crew participates in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Being hoisted up to the U.S. Coast Guard helicopter in a new type of rescue net (called a Billy Pugh net) is Astronaut David R. Scott, command module pilot. Sitting in the life raft awaiting their turn for helicopter pickup are Astronauts Russell L. Schweickart (on left), lunar module pilot; and James A. McDivitt, commander. A team of Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmers assisted in the training exercise.

STS 51-G crewmembers participate in training in crew compartment trainer

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-05-07

S85-31933 (17 May 1985) --- Four members of the STS 51-G crew participate in a training exercise in the shuttle mission simulation and training facility at the Johnson Space Center. Steven R. Nagel, left foreground, is a mission specialist for the flight, while Sultan Salman Abdelazize Al-Saud (right foreground) is a payload specialist. In the background are astronauts Daniel C. Brandenstein (left) in the commander's station and John O. Creighton in the pilot's position. Photo credit: NASA/ Otis Imboden of National Geographic

Development of a multi-media crew-training program for the Terminal Configured Vehicle Mission Simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houck, J. A.; Markos, A. T.

1980-01-01

This paper describes the work being done at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center on the development of a multi-media crew-training program for the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) Mission Simulator. Brief descriptions of the goals and objectives of the TCV Program and of the TCV Mission Simulator are presented. A detailed description of the training program is provided along with a description of the performance of the first group of four commercial pilots to be qualified in the TCV Mission Simulator.

Development of a multi-media crew-training program for the terminal configured vehicle mission simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhouck, J. A.; Markos, A. T.

1980-01-01

This paper describes the work being done at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center on the development of a multi-media crew-training program for the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) Mission Simulator. Brief descriptions of the goals and objectives of the TCV Program and of the TCV Mission Simulator are presented. A detailed description of the training program is provided along with a description of the performance of the first group of four commercial pilots to be qualified in the TCV Mission Simulator.

STS-135 crew during AEM (Animal Enclosure Module) training

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-25

JSC2011-E-029136 (25 March 2011) --- STS-135 crew members participate in an Animal Enclosure Module (AEM) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Pictured on the right (foreground) is NASA astronaut Chris Ferguson, commander. Pictured in the background (from the left) are astronauts Doug Hurley (mostly obscured), pilot; Rex Walheim and Sandy Magnus (partially obscured), both mission specialists. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

John Glenn during preflight training for STS-95

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-04-14

S98-06944 (28 April 1998) --- U.S. Sen. John H. Glenn Jr. (D.-Ohio) prepares to rehearse launch readiness procedures on the middeck of a crew trainer at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Sharon Jones, involved in crew training, briefs the STS-95 payload specialist. When he lifts off aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in October of this year and later lands in Florida, Sen. Glenn will be seated in a temporary middeck chair like the one used in this training exercise. The photo was taken by Joe McNally, National Geographic, for NASA.

Skylab (SL)-3 Crew - Training - Orbital Workshop Trainer - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-06-16

S73-28419 (16 June 1973) --- The three prime crewmen of the Skylab 3 mission check over flight data during a training session in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). They are, from left to right, scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; and astronauts Alan L. Bean, commander, and Jack R. Lousma, pilot. The 56-day, second manned Skylab Earth-orbital mission is scheduled for liftoff in the latter part of July 1973. Photo credit: NASA

Apollo 9 prime crew on deck of ship prior to water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-05

S68-54841 (5 Nov. 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 9 (Spacecraft 104/Lunar Module 3/Saturn 504) space mission stands on the deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever (MVR) prior to participating in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are astronauts Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot; David R. Scott, command module pilot; and James A. McDivitt, commander. In background is the Apollo Command Module (CM) boilerplate which was used in the training exercise.

Apollo 12 crewmen participate in water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-09-20

S69-52990 (20 Sept. 1969) --- The three prime crew men of the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission participate in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. They have just egressed the Apollo Command Module (CM) trainer. The man standing at left is a Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) swimmer. The crew men await in life raft for helicopter pickup. All four persons are wearing biological isolation garments. Participating in the training exercise were astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., commander; Richard F. Gordon Jr., command module pilot; and Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot.

Fire/security staff member instructs STS-29 crew on fire extinguisher usage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

STS-29 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, crewmembers are trained in procedures to follow in the event of a fire. Here, the crew is briefed on the correct handling of the fire extinguisher by Robert Fife (far left) of NASA's fire / security staff. Pictured, left to right are Pilot John E. Blaha, Commander Michael L. Coats, Mission Specialist (MS) Robert C. Springer, MS James F. Buchli, and MS James P. Bagian. The in fire fighting training took place at JSC's fire training pit across from the Gilruth Center Bldg 207.

STS-107 Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The STS-107 is a Multidiscipline Microgravity and Earth Science Research Mission to conduct international scientific investigations in orbit. The crew consists of Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William McCool, and Mission Specialists David Brown, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, and Kalpana Chawla. The crewmembers are shown getting suited in the Pre-Launch Ingress and Egress training area. The other areas of training include Payload Experiment in Fixed Base/Spacehab, Mist Experiment Combustion Module 2, Phab 4 Experiment in CCT Mid-deck and Payload Experiment Demo-Protein Crystal Growth.

A general-purpose development environment for intelligent computer-aided training systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savely, Robert T.

1990-01-01

Space station training will be a major task, requiring the creation of large numbers of simulation-based training systems for crew, flight controllers, and ground-based support personnel. Given the long duration of space station missions and the large number of activities supported by the space station, the extension of space shuttle training methods to space station training may prove to be impractical. The application of artificial intelligence technology to simulation training can provide the ability to deliver individualized training to large numbers of personnel in a distributed workstation environment. The principal objective of this project is the creation of a software development environment which can be used to build intelligent training systems for procedural tasks associated with the operation of the space station. Current NASA Johnson Space Center projects and joint projects with other NASA operational centers will result in specific training systems for existing space shuttle crew, ground support personnel, and flight controller tasks. Concurrently with the creation of these systems, a general-purpose development environment for intelligent computer-aided training systems will be built. Such an environment would permit the rapid production, delivery, and evolution of training systems for space station crew, flight controllers, and other support personnel. The widespread use of such systems will serve to preserve task and training expertise, support the training of many personnel in a distributed manner, and ensure the uniformity and verifiability of training experiences. As a result, significant reductions in training costs can be realized while safety and the probability of mission success can be enhanced.

Crew station research and development facility training for the light helicopter demonstration/validation program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matsumoto, Joy Hamerman; Rogers, Steven; Mccauley, Michael; Salinas, AL

1992-01-01

The U.S. Army Crew Station Research and Development Branch (CSRDB) of the Aircraft Simulation Division (AVSCOM) was tasked by the Light Helicopter Program Manager (LH-PM) to provide training to Army personnel in advanced aircraft simulation technology. The purpose of this training was to prepare different groups of pilots to support and evaluate two contractor simulation efforts during the Demonstration/Validation (DEM/VAL) phase of the LH program. The personnel in the CSRDB developed mission oriented training programs to accomplish the objectives, conduct the programs, and provide guidance to army personnel and support personnel throughout the DEM/VAL phase.

Continuation of advanced crew procedures development techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arbet, J. D.; Benbow, R. L.; Evans, M. E.; Mangiaracina, A. A.; Mcgavern, J. L.; Spangler, M. C.; Tatum, I. C.

1976-01-01

An operational computer program, the Procedures and Performance Program (PPP) which operates in conjunction with the Phase I Shuttle Procedures Simulator to provide a procedures recording and crew/vehicle performance monitoring capability was developed. A technical synopsis of each task resulting in the development of the Procedures and Performance Program is provided. Conclusions and recommendations for action leading to the improvements in production of crew procedures development and crew training support are included. The PPP provides real-time CRT displays and post-run hardcopy output of procedures, difference procedures, performance data, parametric analysis data, and training script/training status data. During post-run, the program is designed to support evaluation through the reconstruction of displays to any point in time. A permanent record of the simulation exercise can be obtained via hardcopy output of the display data and via transfer to the Generalized Documentation Processor (GDP). Reference procedures data may be transferred from the GDP to the PPP. Interface is provided with the all digital trajectory program, the Space Vehicle Dynamics Simulator (SVDS) to support initial procedures timeline development.

The strategy of training staff for a new type of helicopter as an element of raising the security level of flight operations.

PubMed

Gałązkowski, Robert; Wołkowski, Władysław; Mikos, Marcin; Szajda, Sławomir; Wejnarski, Arkadiusz; Świeżewski, Stanisław Paweł

2015-01-01

In 2008, the Polish Medical Air Rescue started replacing its fleet with modern EC135 machines. To ensure the maximum possible safety of the missions performed both in the period of implementing the change and later on, the management prepared a strategy of training its crews to use the new type of helicopter. The analysis of incidents that occurred during 2006-2009 showed that both the human and the technical factors must be carefully considered. Moreover, a risk analysis was conducted to reduce the risk both during general crew training and in the course of particular flight operations. A four-stage strategy of training pilots and crew members was worked out by weighing up all the risks. The analysis of data from 2010 to 2013 confirmed that the risk connected with flying and with all the activities involved in direct support aircraft operations is under control and lowered to an acceptable level.

Does classroom-based Crew Resource Management training improve patient safety culture? A systematic review

PubMed Central

de Bruijne, Martine C; Zwijnenberg, Nicolien C; Jansma, Elise P; van Dyck, Cathy; Wagner, Cordula

2014-01-01

Aim: To evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of classroom-based Crew Resource Management training on safety culture by a systematic review of literature. Methods: Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Educational Resources Information Center up to 19 December 2012. The Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias in the individual studies. Results: In total, 22 manuscripts were included for review. Training settings, study designs, and evaluation methods varied widely. Most studies reporting only a selection of culture dimensions found mainly positive results, whereas studies reporting all safety culture dimensions of the particular survey found mixed results. On average, studies were at moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Evidence of the effectiveness of Crew Resource Management training in health care on safety culture is scarce and the validity of most studies is limited. The results underline the necessity of more valid study designs, preferably using triangulation methods. PMID:26770720

The strategy of training staff for a new type of helicopter as an element of raising the security level of flight operations

PubMed Central

Gałązkowski, Robert; Wołkowski, Władysław; Mikos, Marcin; Szajda, Sławomir; Wejnarski, Arkadiusz; Świeżewski, Stanisław Paweł

2015-01-01

In 2008, the Polish Medical Air Rescue started replacing its fleet with modern EC135 machines. To ensure the maximum possible safety of the missions performed both in the period of implementing the change and later on, the management prepared a strategy of training its crews to use the new type of helicopter. The analysis of incidents that occurred during 2006–2009 showed that both the human and the technical factors must be carefully considered. Moreover, a risk analysis was conducted to reduce the risk both during general crew training and in the course of particular flight operations. A four-stage strategy of training pilots and crew members was worked out by weighing up all the risks. The analysis of data from 2010 to 2013 confirmed that the risk connected with flying and with all the activities involved in direct support aircraft operations is under control and lowered to an acceptable level. PMID:26694009

Crew Resource Management An Introductory Handbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-08-01

Recent research findings suggest that crew resource management (CRM) training can : result in significant improvements in flightcrew performance. The objectives of this : handbook are to foster an understanding of the background and philosophy of CRM...

Expedition 52 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

Expedition 52 backup crew member Mark Vande Hei of NASA is seen during a crew press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

STS-107 Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT)activities at SPACEHAB

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-107 Payload Commander Michael Anderson trains on equipment in the training module at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla. Anderson and other crew members Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. McCool, Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Blair Salton Clark and David M. Brown; and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, are at SPACEHAB to take part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities. The CEIT enables the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. . As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

STS-107 Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT)activities at SPACEHAB

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-107 Mission Specialist David M. Brown trains on equipment in the training module at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla. Brown and other crew members Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. McCool, Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson; Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Blair Salton Clark; and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, are at SPACEHAB to take part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities. The CEIT enables the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

STS-107 Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT)activities at SPACEHAB

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- During Crew Equipment Interface Test activities at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla., STS-107 Mission Specialist Laurel Blair Salton Clark gets hands-on training on a glove box experiment inside the training module. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. CEIT activities enable the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. Other STS-107 crew members are Commander Rick Douglas Husband; Pilot William C. McCool; Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson; Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and David M. Brown; and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

STS-107 Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT)activities at SPACEHAB

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, trains on equipment in the training module at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral. Ramon and other crew members Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. McCool, Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson; and Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Blair Salton Clark and David M. Brown are at SPACEHAB to take part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities. The CEIT enables the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition 6 crew member Donald Pettit stands ready for a practice drive in an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad, one of the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities in preparation for launch. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Mission Commander James Wetherbee gets ready to drive an M-113 armored personnel carrier, part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. He and the rest of the crew are preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10. The TCDT includes a launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Commander James Wetherbee practices driving an M-113 armored personnel carrier, part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. He and the rest of the crew are preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10. The TCDT includes a launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition 6 crew member Nikolai Budarin stands ready for a practice drive in an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad, one of the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities in preparation for launch. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The Expedition 6 crew will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station to replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Launch is scheduled for Nov. 10, 2002.

KSC-07pd0470

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Complex 39, STS-117 Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester (right) waits his turn to practice driving an M-113 armored personnel carrier as fellow crew members look on. The astronauts on the STS-117 crew are participating in M-113 armored personnel carrier training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, a dress rehearsal for their launch, targeted for March 15. The M-113 could be used to move the crew away from the launch pad quickly in the event of an emergency. The TCDT also includes pad emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd0477

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Complex 39, members of the STS-117 crew are instructed in the operation of an M-113 armored personnel carrier by the astronaut rescue team. The astronauts on the STS-117 crew are participating in M-113 armored personnel carrier training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, a dress rehearsal for their launch, targeted for March 15. The M-113 could be used to move the crew away from the launch pad quickly in the event of an emergency. The TCDT also includes pad emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-102 crew poses on the FSS at Launch Pad 39B during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At the 195-foot level on the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39B, members of the STS-102 crew relax after emergency escape training. From left are Mission Specialists Paul Richards, Andrew Thomas and Susan Helms, and Commander James Wetherbee. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Helms is part of the Expedition Two crew who will be on the mission to replace Expedition One on the International Space Station. Expedition One will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8.

STS-102 crew poses on the FSS at Launch Pad 39B during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At the 195-foot level on the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39B, members of the STS-102 crew relax after emergency escape training. At left is Pilot James Kelly; in the center and right are Mission Specialists Yury Usachev and James Voss. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Usachev and Voss are part of the Expedition Two crew who will be on the mission to replace Expedition One on the International Space Station. Expedition One will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8.

KSC-01pp1308

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-105 Mission Specialist Daniel T. Barry is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester; and the Expedition Three crew, Commander Frank Culbertson, and cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

[Comfort of crew and passengers and atmospheric pressure, noise, wind speed in high-speed train of Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line].

PubMed

Zhai, Yi-biao; Huo, Wei; Liu, Qiao-ying; Chen, Bao-shan; Zhang, Jin-long; Shi, Lei

2012-11-01

To explore the crew and passengers' comfort on the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line and physical factors, such as air pressure, noise, wind speed. Comfort investigation of all the crew (n = 244) and passengers (n = 377) on the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger dedicated line at speed of 250 km/h and 200 km/h and the detection of the air pressure, noise and wind speed were performed in 2011. Significantly higher ratio of comfortable feeling, lower ratio of seriously discomfortable feeling were observed in crew and passengers at 200 km/h compared with those at 250 km/h (P < 0.05), as well as rapid disappearance of discomfortable feeling in crew (P < 0.05) and significantly higher ratio of lightly discomfortable feeling and lower ratios of tinnitus and eardrum discomfort induced by air pressure and noise in passengers at 200 km/h. No significant difference was observed in ear discomfort induced by air pressure and noise among crew, and the duration of disappearance of discomfortable feeling among passengers between 200 km/h and 250 km/h. The noise in carriages exceeded the related standard when the high-speed train passing through the tunnels. The individuals feel more comfortable at 200 km/h than 250 km/h in this line., which may be related with rapid variation of wind speed and noise when the train passes through the tunnels with high speed.

Prime crew of Apollo/Saturn Mission 204 prepares for water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-10-27

S66-58501 (27 Oct. 1966) --- The prime crew of the first manned Apollo Space Flight, Apollo/Saturn (AS) mission 204, is suited up aboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever (MVR) in preparation for Apollo water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right, are astronauts Edward H. White II, senior pilot; Virgil I. Grissom, command pilot; and Roger B. Chaffee, pilot.

Crew Training - STS-33/51L - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-09-19

S85-40508 (23 Sept. 1985) --- Two women representing the Teacher-in-Space project undergo training in preparation for the STS-51L mission in two photographs made in Johnson Space Center trainers. Sharon Christa McAuliffe, named as prime crew citizen observer on the spaceflight, studies the console on the aft flight deck, which contains controls for the remote manipulator system (RMS) and other important functions. Photo credit: NASA

Combat Mission Training Research at the 58th Special Operations Wing: A Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-07-01

Air Force Base during 1995-1997. The first study examined the relationship between crew resource management ( CRM ) processes and mission performance for...next three sections, we summarize the three major empirical studies that were conducted: (a) measuring crew resource management ( CRM ) behaviors... customized measurement procedures and data collection instruments. At the squadron level, there are two problems in implementing an effective CRM training

Apollo 9 prime crew participate in water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-11-01

S68-54859 (November 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 9 (Spacecraft 104/Lunar Module 3/Saturn 504) space mission participates in water egress training in a tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Egressing the Apollo command module boilerplate is astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander. In life raft are astronauts David R. Scott (background), command module pilot; and Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot.

STS-112 Crew Interviews - Wolf

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

STS-112 Mission Specialist David Wolf is seen during this preflight interview, where he first answers questions on his career path and role models. Other questions cover mission goals, ISS (International Space Station) Expedition 5 spacecrew, crew training, the S1 Truss and its radiators, the MBS (Mobile Base Structure), his experience onboard Mir, and his EVAs (extravehicular activities) on the coming mission. The EVAs are the subject of several questions. Wolf discusses his crew members, and elsewhere discusses Pilot Pamela Melroy's role as an IV crew member during EVAs. In addition, Wolf answers questions on transfer operations, the SHIMMER experiment, and his thoughts on multinational crews and crew bonding.

Optimizing the physical conditioning of the NASCAR sprint cup pit crew athlete.

PubMed

Ferguson, David P; Davis, Adam M; Lightfoot, J Timothy

2015-03-01

Stock car racing is the largest spectator sport in the United States. As a result, National Association for Stock Car Automobile Racing (NASCAR) Sprint Cup teams have begun to invest in strength and conditioning programs for their pit crew athletes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the physical characteristics of elite NASCAR pit crew athletes, how the NASCAR Sprint Cup season affects basic physiological parameters such as body composition, and what is the most appropriate physical training program that meets the needs of a pit crew athlete. We conducted 3 experiments involving Sprint Cup motorsport athletes to determine predictors of success at the elite level, seasonal physiological changes, and appropriate physical training programs. Our results showed that hamstring flexibility (p = 0.015) and the score on the 2-tire front run test (p = 0.012) were significant predictors of NASCAR Sprint Cup Pit Crew athlete performance. Additionally, during the off season, pit crew athletes lost lean body mass, which did not return until the middle of the season. Therefore, a strength and conditioning program was developed to optimize pit crew athlete performance throughout the season. Implementation of this strength and conditioning program in 1 NASCAR Sprint Cup team demonstrated that pit crew athletes were able to prevent lean body mass loss and have increased muscle power output from the start of the season to the end of the season.

Symptom-based categorization of in-flight passenger medical incidents.

PubMed

Mahony, Paul H; Myers, Julia A; Larsen, Peter D; Powell, David M C; Griffiths, Robin F

2011-12-01

The majority of in-flight passenger medical events are managed by cabin crew. Our study aimed to evaluate the reliability of cabin crew reports of in-flight medical events and to develop a symptom-based categorization system. All cabin crew in-flight passenger medical incident reports for an airline over a 9-yr period were examined retrospectively. Validation of incident descriptions were undertaken on a sample of 162 cabin crew reports where medically trained persons' reports were available for comparison using a three Round Delphi technique and testing concordance using Cohen's Kappa. A hierarchical symptom-based categorization system was designed and validated. The rate was 159 incidents per 106 passengers carried, or 70.4/113.3 incidents per 106 revenue passenger kilometres/miles, respectively. Concordance between cabin crew and medical reports was 96%, with a high validity rating (mean 4.6 on a 1-5 scale) and high Cohen's Kappa (0.94). The most common in-flight medical events were transient loss of consciousness (41%), nausea/vomiting/diarrhea (19.5%), and breathing difficulty (16%). Cabin crew records provide reliable data regarding in-flight passenger medical incidents, complementary to diagnosis-based systems, and allow the use of currently underutilized data. The categorization system provides a means for tracking passenger medical incidents internationally and an evidence base for cabin crew first aid training.

Psychological training of NASA astronauts for extended missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holland, A. W.

1992-01-01

The success of operational teams working in remote and hostile environments rests in large part on adequate preparation of those teams prior to emplacement in field settings. Psychological training, directed at the maintenance of crew health and performance becomes increasingly important as space missions grow in duration and complexity. Methods: Topics to be discussed include: the conceptual framework of psychological training; needs analysis; content and delivery options; methods of assessing training efficacy; use of testbeds and analogies and the relationship of training to crew selection and real-time support activities. Results and Conclusions: This paper will discuss the psychological training approach being developed at the NASA/JSC Behavior and Performance Laboratory. This approach will be compared and contrasted with those underway in the U.S. Department of Defense and in other space agencies.

STS-103 Crew Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) team is preparing for NASA's third scheduled service call to Hubble. This mission, STS-103, will launch from Kennedy Space Center aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The seven flight crew members are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Scott J. Kelly, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Jean-Francois Clervoy who will join space walkers Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfeld, and ESA astronaut Claude Nicollier. The objectives of the HST Third Servicing Mission (SM3A) are to replace the telescope's six gyroscopes, a Fine-Guidance Sensor, an S-Band Single Access Transmitter, a spare solid-state recorder and a high-voltage/temperature kit for protecting the batteries from overheating. In addition, the crew plans to install an advanced computer that is 20 times faster and has six times the memory of the current Hubble Space Telescope computer. To prepare for these extravehicular activities (EVAs), the SM3A astronauts participated in Crew Familiarization sessions with the actual SM3A flight hardware. During these sessions the crew spent long hours rehearsing their space walks in the Guidance Navigation Simulator and NBL (Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory). Using space gloves, flight Space Support Equipment (SSE), and Crew Aids and Tools (CATs), the astronauts trained with and verified flight orbital replacement unit (ORU) hardware. The crew worked with a number of trainers and simulators, such as the High Fidelity Mechanical Simulator, Guidance Navigation Simulator, System Engineering Simulator, the Aft Shroud Door Trainer, the Forward Shell/Light Shield Simulator, and the Support Systems Module Bay Doors Simulator. They also trained and verified the flight Orbital Replacement Unit Carrier (ORUC) and its ancillary hardware. Discovery's planned 10-day flight is scheduled to end with a night landing at Kennedy.

Shared Problem Models and Crew Decision Making

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orasanu, Judith; Statler, Irving C. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

The importance of crew decision making to aviation safety has been well established through NTSB accident analyses: Crew judgment and decision making have been cited as causes or contributing factors in over half of all accidents in commercial air transport, general aviation, and military aviation. Yet the bulk of research on decision making has not proven helpful in improving the quality of decisions in the cockpit. One reason is that traditional analytic decision models are inappropriate to the dynamic complex nature of cockpit decision making and do not accurately describe what expert human decision makers do when they make decisions. A new model of dynamic naturalistic decision making is offered that may prove more useful for training or aiding cockpit decision making. Based on analyses of crew performance in full-mission simulation and National Transportation Safety Board accident reports, features that define effective decision strategies in abnormal or emergency situations have been identified. These include accurate situation assessment (including time and risk assessment), appreciation of the complexity of the problem, sensitivity to constraints on the decision, timeliness of the response, and use of adequate information. More effective crews also manage their workload to provide themselves with time and resources to make good decisions. In brief, good decisions are appropriate to the demands of the situation and reflect the crew's metacognitive skill. Effective crew decision making and overall performance are mediated by crew communication. Communication contributes to performance because it assures that all crew members have essential information, but it also regulates and coordinates crew actions and is the medium of collective thinking in response to a problem. This presentation will examine the relation between communication that serves to build performance. Implications of these findings for crew training will be discussed.

Recreation Embedded State Tuning for Optimal Readiness and Effectiveness (RESTORE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pope, Alan T.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III

2005-01-01

Physiological self-regulation training is a behavioral medicine intervention that has demonstrated capability to improve psychophysiological coping responses to stressful experiences and to foster optimal behavioral and cognitive performance. Once developed, these psychophysiological skills require regular practice for maintenance. A concomitant benefit of these physiologically monitored practice sessions is the opportunity to track crew psychophysiological responses to the challenges of the practice task in order to detect shifts in adaptability that may foretell performance degradation. Long-duration missions will include crew recreation periods that will afford physiological self-regulation training opportunities. However, to promote adherence to the regimen, the practice experience that occupies their recreation time must be perceived by the crew as engaging and entertaining throughout repeated reinforcement sessions on long-duration missions. NASA biocybernetic technologies and publications have developed a closed-loop concept that involves adjusting or modulating (cybernetic, for governing) a person's task environment based upon a comparison of that person's physiological responses (bio-) with a training or performance criterion. This approach affords the opportunity to deliver physiological self-regulation training in an entertaining and motivating fashion and can also be employed to create a conditioned association between effective performance state and task execution behaviors, while enabling tracking of individuals psychophysiological status over time in the context of an interactive task challenge. This paper describes the aerospace spin-off technologies in this training application area as well as the current spin-back application of the technologies to long-duration missions - the Recreation Embedded State Tuning for Optimal Readiness and Effectiveness (RESTORE) concept. The RESTORE technology is designed to provide a physiological self-regulation training countermeasure for maintaining and reinforcing cognitive readiness, resilience under psychological stress, and effective mood states in long-duration crews. The technology consists of a system for delivering physiological self-regulation training and for tracking crew central and autonomic nervous system function; the system interface is designed to be experienced as engaging and entertaining throughout repeated training sessions on long-duration missions. Consequently, this self-management technology has threefold capability for recreation, behavioral health problem prophylaxis and remediation, and psychophysiological assay. The RESTORE concept aims to reduce the risk of future manned exploration missions by enhancing the capability of individual crewmembers to self-regulate cognitive states through recreation-embedded training protocols to effectively deal with the psychological toll of long-duration space flight.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41540 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronauts Pamela A. Melroy, STS-120 commander, and European Space Agency's (ESA) Paolo Nespoli, mission specialist, use the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41541 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronauts Stephanie Wilson, STS-120 mission specialist, and Dan Tani, Expedition 16 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

CREW TRAINING - STS-33/51L (ZERO-G)

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-10-16

S85-42473 (16 Oct. 1985) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, a teacher-citizen observer on STS-51L, smiles before participating in some zero-G rehearsals for her upcoming flight. She is seated near the controls of the KC-135 aircraft, flying for the Johnson Space Center from Ellington Air Field. Referred to as the ?zero-gravity? aircraft, the KC-135 provides brief moments of weightlessness for shuttle crew members in training. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John W. Young during water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-06-18

S66-39691 (18 June 1966) --- Astronaut John W. Young, prime crew command pilot for the Gemini-10 spaceflight, sits in Static Article 5 during water egress training activity onboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever. The SA-5 will be placed in the water and he and astronaut Michael Collins will then practice egress and water survival techniques. At right is Gordon Harvey, Spacecraft Operations Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Photo credit: NASA

STS_135_ SVMF

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-29

JSC2011-E-060128 (29 June 2011) --- NASA astronaut Chris Ferguson, STS-135 commander, left, looks out over the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility (SVMF) after the crew of the final shuttle mission trained in the facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center in Houston on June 29, 2011. The training marked the crew's final scheduled session in the SVMF. NASA astronaut Sandy Magnus, mission specialist, is in background at center. Photo credit: NASA photo/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool

STS_135_ SVMF

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-29

JSC2011-E-060140 (29 June 2011) --- NASA astronaut Rex Walheim laughs with his crewmates as STS-135 commander Chris Ferguson gets a refresher on the use of the waste management system on the International Space Station as the crew trains at NASA?s Johnson Space Center June 29, 2011. The day's training marked the crew's final scheduled sessions in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at JSC. Photo credit: NASA Photo/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool

Group 3: Performance evaluation and assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frink, A.

1981-01-01

Line-oriented flight training provides a unique learning experience and an opportunity to look at aspects of performance other types of training did not provide. Areas such as crew coordination, resource management, leadership, and so forth, can be readily evaluated in such a format. While individual performance is of the utmost importance, crew performance deserves equal emphasis, therefore, these areas should be carefully observed by the instructors as an rea for discussion in the same way that individual performane is observed. To be effective, it must be accepted by the crew members, and administered by the instructors as pure training-learning through experience. To keep open minds, to benefit most from the experience, both in the doing and in the follow-on discussion, it is essential that it be entered into with a feeling of freedom, openness, and enthusiasm. Reserve or defensiveness because of concern for failure must be inhibit participation.

KSC-2011-2560

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-30

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. Space shuttle Endeavour's six crew members are at Kennedy for the launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Targeted to launch April 19 at 7:48 p.m. EDT, they will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper and micrometeoroid debris shields to the space station. This will be the final spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2011-2573

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-30

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. Space shuttle Endeavour's six crew members are at Kennedy for the launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Targeted to launch April 19 at 7:48 p.m. EDT, they will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper and micrometeoroid debris shields to the space station. This is the final scheduled spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2011-2571

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-30

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. Space shuttle Endeavour's six crew members are at Kennedy for the launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Targeted to launch April 19 at 7:48 p.m. EDT, they will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper and micrometeoroid debris shields to the space station. This is the final scheduled spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-47 crew and backups at MSFC's Payload Crew Training Complex

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, Spacelab Japan (SLJ) crewmembers and backup payload specialists stand outside SLJ module mockup at the Payload Crew Training Complex at Marshall SpaceFlight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. From left to right are Payload Specialist Mamoru Mohri, backup Payload Specialist Takao Doi, backup Payload Specialist Chiaki Naito-Mukai, Mission Specialist (MS) Mae C. Jemison, MS N. Jan Davis, backup Payload Specialist Stan Koszelak, and MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Mark C. Lee. The MSFC-managed mission is a joint venture in space-based research between the United States and Japan. Mohri, Doi, and Mukai represent Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA). View provided with alternate number 92P-142.

Managing human error in aviation.

PubMed

Helmreich, R L

1997-05-01

Crew resource management (CRM) programs were developed to address team and leadership aspects of piloting modern airplanes. The goal is to reduce errors through team work. Human factors research and social, cognitive, and organizational psychology are used to develop programs tailored for individual airlines. Flight crews study accident case histories, group dynamics, and human error. Simulators provide pilots with the opportunity to solve complex flight problems. CRM in the simulator is called line-oriented flight training (LOFT). In automated cockpits CRM promotes the idea of automation as a crew member. Cultural aspects of aviation include professional, business, and national culture. The aviation CRM model has been adapted for training surgeons and operating room staff in human factors.

STS-113 TCDT emergency exit training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, the STS-113 and Expedition 6 crews receive training in emergency exit from the orbiter on Launch Pad 39A. Shown are (from left) Mission Commander James Wetherbee and cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin and astronaut Donald Pettit of the Expedition 6 crew. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The 16th assembly flight to the International Space Station, STS-113 will carry the Port 1 (P1) truss aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour as well as the Expedition 6 crew, who will replace Expedition 5 on the Station. Mission STS-113 is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, 2002.

KSC-08pd1170

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Ron Garan practices driving the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. At center is the Battalion Chief George Hoggard, providing instruction. Behind Garan is Pilot Ken Ham. They and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1175

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Akihiko Hoshide drives the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Battalion Chief George Hoggard provides supervision. Behind them are Mission Specialist Ron Garan and Pilot Ken Ham. Hoshide and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1181

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-124 Mission Specialist Mike Fossum drives the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Behind him at left is Mission Specialist Greg Chamitoff. At center is Battalion Chief George Hoggard providing supervision. Fossum and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

49 CFR 232.111 - Train handling information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... train crew taking charge of a train be informed of: (1) The total weight and length of the train, based... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Train handling information. 232.111 Section 232... TRAINS AND EQUIPMENT; END-OF-TRAIN DEVICES General Requirements § 232.111 Train handling information. (a...

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialist John Herrington is at the wheel of an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad. He is accompanied by (left) Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria and Commander James Wetherbee. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown.. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-113 crew pause for a photo after test drives in the M-113 armored personnel carrier behind them. From left are Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria, Pilot Paul Lockhart, Commander James Wetherbee and Mission Specialist John Herrington. Driving the M-113 is part of emergency egress training at the pad, one of the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities in preparation for launch. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

KSC-07pd0475

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-02-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Complex 39, members of the STS-117 crew are instructed in the operation of an M-113 armored personnel carrier by astronaut rescue team leader Capt. George Hoggard (left). The astronauts on the STS-117 crew are participating in M-113 armored personnel carrier training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, a dress rehearsal for their launch, targeted for March 15. The M-113 could be used to move the crew away from the launch pad quickly in the event of an emergency. The TCDT also includes pad emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. The mission payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is the S3/S4 integrated truss structure, along with a third set of solar arrays and batteries. The crew of six astronauts will install the truss to continue assembly of the station. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria is ready to begin a test drive behind the wheel of an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad. He and the rest of the crew are preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialist John Herrington stands inside an M-113 armored personnel carrier that he is about to drive as part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. He and the rest of the crew are preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Pilot Paul Lockhart stands inside an M-113 armored personnel carrier he is about to drive, part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. He and the rest of the crew are preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

The STS-95 crew addresses KSC employees in the Training Auditorium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

In the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Training Auditorium, STS-95 Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. (at podium) addresses KSC employees who were invited to hear the STS-95 crew describe their experiences during their successful mission dedicated to microgravity research and to view a videotape of the highlights of the mission. The other STS-95 crew members are (seated, from left to right) Pilot Steven W. Lindsey; Mission Specialist and Payload Commander Stephen K. Robinson; Mission Specialists Scott E. Parazynski and Pedro Duque, with the European Space Agency (ESA); and Payload Specialists Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and John H. Glenn Jr., a senator from Ohio and one of the original seven Project Mercury astronauts. Later in the afternoon, the crew will participate in a parade down State Road A1A in nearby Cocoa Beach, reminiscent of those held after missions during the Mercury Program.

KSC-01pp1304

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-105 Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. Behind him on the left is George Hoggard, of the KSC/CCAS Fire Department, who supervises the driving. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialist Daniel Barry; and the Expedition Three crew, Commander Frank Culbertson, and cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1334

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- On the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39A, the STS-105 and Expedition Three crews listen to instructions about use of the slidewire basket, part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left are Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson, STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow; cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, Commander Scott Horowitz and Mission Specialist Daniel Barry. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-08pd0515

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-24

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the crew for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission receives instruction on the operation of a slidewire basket during emergency egress training. In the basket are Mission Specialists Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Garrett Reisman and Rick Linnehan. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Training - Behavioral and motivational solutions?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmreich, Robert L.

1983-01-01

Psychological factors which govern interpersonal activities in the cockpit are examined. It is suggested that crew members should be selected based on personality characteristics required for the position and that training does not cause long lasting personality changes, it only teaches and improves task performance skills. The effects of mindlessness as defined by Langer (1978) and the attribution theory of Jones and Nisbett (1971) on flight deck communications and cockpit management are described. The needs for a new system of training crew members, with emphasis on strategies that induce cognitive processes and awareness, and for field investigations of pilots are discussed.

John Glenn during preflight training for STS-95

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-04-14

S98-06939 (28 April 1998) --- U.S. Sen. John H. Glenn Jr. (D.-Ohio) prepares to rehearse launch readiness procedures on the middeck of a crew trainer at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Sharon Jones, involved in crew training, goes over a check list. When the STS-95 payload specialist lifts off aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in October of this year and later lands in Florida, he will be seated in a temporary middeck chair like the one used in this training exercise. The photo was taken by Joe McNally, National Geographic, for NASA.

Facilitation techniques as predictors of crew participation in LOFT debriefings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McDonnell, L. K.

1996-01-01

Based on theories of adult learning and airline industry guidelines for Crew Resource Management (CRM), the stated objective during Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) debriefings is for instructor pilots (IP's) to facilitate crew self-analysis of performance. This study reviews 19 LOFT debriefings from two major U.S. airlines to examine the relationship between IP efforts at facilitation and associated characteristics of crew participation. A subjective rating scale called the Debriefing Assessment Battery was developed and utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of IP facilitation and the quality of crew participation. The results indicate that IP content, encouragement, and questioning techniques are highly and significantly correlated with, and can therefore predict, the degree and depth of crew participation.

14 CFR 142.53 - Training center instructor training and testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... instruction in at least— (i) The fundamental principles of the learning process; (ii) Elements of effective... limitations; (iv) Training policies and procedures; (v) Cockpit resource management and crew coordination; and...

Using in situ simulation to identify and resolve latent environmental threats to patient safety: case study involving operational changes in a labor and delivery ward.

PubMed

Hamman, William R; Beaudin-Seiler, Beth M; Beaubien, Jeffrey M; Gullickson, Amy M; Orizondo-Korotko, Krystyna; Gross, Amy C; Fuqua, Wayne; Lammers, Richard

2010-01-01

Since the publication of "To Err Is Human" in 1999, health care professionals have looked to high-reliability industries such as aviation for guidance on improving system safety. One of the most widely adopted aviation-derived approaches is simulation-based team training, also known as crew resource management training. In the health care domain, crew resource management training often takes place in custom-built simulation laboratories that are designed to replicate operating rooms or labor and delivery rooms. Unlike these traditional crew resource management training programs, "in situ simulation" occurs on actual patient care units, involves actual health care team members, and uses actual organization processes to train and assess team performance. During the past 24 months, our research team has conducted nearly 40 in situ simulations. In this article, we present the results from 1 such simulation: a patient who experienced a difficult labor that resulted in an emergency caesarian section and hysterectomy. During the simulation, a number of latent environmental threats to safety were identified. This article presents the latent threats and the steps that the hospital has taken to remedy them.

Evidence Report: Risk of Performance Errors Due to Training Deficiencies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barshi, Immanuel; Dempsey, Donna L.

2016-01-01

Substantial evidence supports the claim that inadequate training leads to performance errors. Barshi and Loukopoulos (2012) demonstrate that even a task as carefully developed and refined over many years as operating an aircraft can be significantly improved by a systematic analysis, followed by improved procedures and improved training (see also Loukopoulos, Dismukes, & Barshi, 2009a). Unfortunately, such a systematic analysis of training needs rarely occurs during the preliminary design phase, when modifications are most feasible. Training is often seen as a way to compensate for deficiencies in task and system design, which in turn increases the training load. As a result, task performance often suffers, and with it, the operators suffer and so does the mission. On the other hand, effective training can indeed compensate for such design deficiencies, and can even go beyond to compensate for failures of our imagination to anticipate all that might be needed when we send our crew members to go where no one else has gone before. Much of the research literature on training is motivated by current training practices aimed at current training needs. Although there is some experience with operations in extreme environments on Earth, there is no experience with long-duration space missions where crews must practice semi-autonomous operations, where ground support must accommodate significant communication delays, and where so little is known about the environment. Thus, we must develop robust methodologies and tools to prepare our crews for the unknown. The research necessary to support such an endeavor does not currently exist, but existing research does reveal general challenges that are relevant to long-duration, high-autonomy missions. The evidence presented here describes issues related to the risk of performance errors due to training deficiencies. Contributing factors regarding training deficiencies may pertain to organizational process and training programs for spaceflight, such as when training programs are inadequate or unavailable. Furthermore, failure to match between tasks on the one hand, and learning and memory abilities on the other hand is a contributing factor, especially when individuals' relative efficiency with which new information is acquired, and adjustments made in behavior or thinking, are inconsistent with mission demands. Thus, if training deficiencies are present, the likelihood of errors or of the inability to successfully complete a task increases. What's more, the overall risk to the crew, the vehicle, and the mission increases.

Estimating gas kick arrival to better manage surface flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Merryman, J.

1997-06-01

There are many quality, expertly designed programs for teaching rig crews prevention and control of well kicks. Much time and money has been spent training rig crews for procedures and methods to avoid kicks, and what to do if you have one, even though all accepted practices were followed. One false/bad result from this training is that individuals have come away from this training believing that once a gas kick is circulated through the choke, all problems are simple and manageable, i.e., the danger has passed. What you do with gas once it is downstream of the choke has notmore » been given enough emphasis in some training programs, including the one the author is involved in. This article, prepared from experiences on actual rig locations in Wyoming and Argentina, and developed for well control training in Parker Drilling Co.`s Training Center, Odessa, Texas, describes a method for estimating the time, in pump strokes and/or minutes, for a gas kick to reach surface. Reducing pump strokes (circulating flowrate) and knowing available time to gas kick arrival allows the crew to prepare surface handling equipment. Common misconceptions about gas handling and potential resulting problems are noted. An example calculation describes the calculation procedure.« less

An operational approach to long-duration mission behavioral health and performance factors.

PubMed

Flynn, Christopher F

2005-06-01

NASA's participation in nearly 10 yr of long-duration mission (LDM) training and flight confirms that these missions remain a difficult challenge for astronauts and their medical care providers. The role of the astronaut's crew surgeon is to maximize the astronaut's health throughout all phases of the LDM: preflight, in flight, and postflight. In support of the crew surgeon, the NASA-Johnson Space Center Behavioral Health and Performance Group (JSC-BHPG) has focused on four key factors that can reduce the astronaut's behavioral health and performance. These factors are defined as: sleep and circadian factors; behavioral health factors; psychological adaptation factors; and human-to-system interface (the interface between the astronaut and the mission workplace) factors. Both the crew surgeon and the JSC-BHPG must earn the crewmember's trust preflight to encourage problem identification and problem solving in these four areas. Once on orbit, the crew medical officer becomes a valuable extension of the crew surgeon and BHPG on the ground due to the crew medical officer's constant interaction with crewmembers and preflight training in these four factors. However, the crew surgeon, BHPG, and the crew medical officer need tools that will help predict, prevent, monitor, and respond to developing problems. Objective data become essential when difficult mission termination decisions must be made. The need for behavioral health and performance tool development creates an environment rich for collaboration between operational healthcare providers and researchers. These tools are also a necessary step to safely complete future, more autonomous exploration-class space missions.

An operational approach to long-duration mission behavioral health and performance factors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flynn, Christopher F.

2005-01-01

NASA's participation in nearly 10 yr of long-duration mission (LDM) training and flight confirms that these missions remain a difficult challenge for astronauts and their medical care providers. The role of the astronaut's crew surgeon is to maximize the astronaut's health throughout all phases of the LDM: preflight, in flight, and postflight. In support of the crew surgeon, the NASA-Johnson Space Center Behavioral Health and Performance Group (JSC-BHPG) has focused on four key factors that can reduce the astronaut's behavioral health and performance. These factors are defined as: sleep and circadian factors; behavioral health factors; psychological adaptation factors; and human-to-system interface (the interface between the astronaut and the mission workplace) factors. Both the crew surgeon and the JSC-BHPG must earn the crewmember's trust preflight to encourage problem identification and problem solving in these four areas. Once on orbit, the crew medical officer becomes a valuable extension of the crew surgeon and BHPG on the ground due to the crew medical officer's constant interaction with crewmembers and preflight training in these four factors. However, the crew surgeon, BHPG, and the crew medical officer need tools that will help predict, prevent, monitor, and respond to developing problems. Objective data become essential when difficult mission termination decisions must be made. The need for behavioral health and performance tool development creates an environment rich for collaboration between operational healthcare providers and researchers. These tools are also a necessary step to safely complete future, more autonomous exploration-class space missions.

Skylab medical experiments altitude test crew observations.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobko, K. J.

1973-01-01

The paper deals with the crew's observations during training and the SMEAT 56-day test. Topics covered include the crew's adaptation to the SMEAT environment and medical experiments protocol. Personal observations are made of daily activities surrounding the medical experiments hardware, Skylab clothing, supplementary activities, recreational equipment, food, and waste management. An assessment of these items and their contributions to the Skylab flight program is made.

KSC-08pd0464

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The crew for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission head for the bus which will transport them to crew quarters following their arrival at NASA Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. From left are Commander Dominic Gorie; Mission Specialists Garrett Reisman and Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Pilot Gregory H. Johnson; and Mission Specialists Rick Linnehan and Robert L. Behnken. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. Endeavour's seven astronauts arrived at Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility in their T-38 training aircraft between 10:45 and 10:58 a.m. EST. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-134 crew during EVA TPS Overview training in the TPS/PABF

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-15

JSC2009-E-284891 (15 Dec. 2009) --- STS-134 crew members participate in an EVA Thermal Protection System (TPS) overview training session in the TPS/ Precision Air Bearing Facility in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center. Pictured from the right are NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel, Greg Chamitoff, Michael Fincke, all mission specialists; along with NASA astronaut Gregory H. Johnson, pilot; and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, mission specialist.

STS-47 MS Jemison extends side hatch mockup CES pole during JSC training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, Mission Specialist (MS) Mae C. Jemison extends crew escape system (CES) pole through a side hatch mockup during launch emergency egress (bailout) training in JSC's Mockup and Integration Laboratory (MAIL) Bldg 9A. MS Jerome Apt (right) looks on. The crewmembers practiced extending the CES pole prior to donning their launch and entry suits (LESs) and conducting the simulation in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT).

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41533 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronauts Stephanie Wilson (left), STS-120 mission specialist; Sandra Magnus, Expedition 17 flight engineer; and Dan Tani, Expedition 16 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements.

STS-121 Crew Portait

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-04-05

STS121-S-002 (5 April 2006) --- These seven astronauts take a break from training to pose for the STS-121 crew portrait. From the left are astronauts Stephanie D. Wilson, Michael E. Fossum, both mission specialists; Steven W. Lindsey, commander; Piers J. Sellers, mission specialist; Mark E. Kelly, pilot; European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter of Germany; and Lisa M. Nowak, both mission specialists. The crewmembers are attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suit.

Skylab 3 prime crew participate in water egress simulations at JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-05-01

S73-27787 (1 May 1973) --- The three members of the prime crew of the second manned Skylab mission participate in prelaunch training, specifically water egress simulations, at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston. They are, left to right, astronaut Alan J. Bean, commander; scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; and astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot. This training took place in JSC?s Building 220 on May 1, 1973. Photo credit: NASA

Apollo 14 prime crew aboard NASA Motor Vessel Retriever during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1970-10-24

S70-51699 (24 Oct. 1970) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission relaxes aboard the NASA motor vessel retriever, prior to participating in water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right are astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr., commander; Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot; and Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot. They are standing by a Command Module (CM) trainer which was used in the exercises.

Payload crew activity planning integration. Task 2: Inflight operations and training for payloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hitz, F. R.

1976-01-01

The primary objectives of the Payload Crew Activity Planning Integration task were to: (1) Determine feasible, cost-effective payload crew activity planning integration methods. (2) Develop an implementation plan and guidelines for payload crew activity plan (CAP) integration between the JSC Orbiter planners and the Payload Centers. Subtask objectives and study activities were defined as: (1) Determine Crew Activity Planning Interfaces. (2) Determine Crew Activity Plan Type and Content. (3) Evaluate Automated Scheduling Tools. (4) Develop a draft Implementation Plan for Crew Activity Planning Integration. The basic guidelines were to develop a plan applicable to the Shuttle operations timeframe, utilize existing center resources and expertise as much as possible, and minimize unnecessary data exchange not directly productive in the development of the end-product timelines.

Crew Training - Apollo X (Apollo Mission Simulator [AMS]) - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-04-05

S69-32788 (3 April 1969) --- Astronaut John W. Young, Apollo 10 prime crew command module pilot, participates in simulation activity in the Apollo Mission Simulator at the Kennedy Space Center during preparations for his scheduled lunar orbit mission.

CREW TRAINING - APOLLO X (APOLLO MISSION SIMULATOR [AMS]) - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-04-05

S69-32789 (3 April 1969) --- Astronaut John W. Young, Apollo 10 prime crew command module pilot, participates in simulation activity in the Apollo Mission Simulator at the Kennedy Space Center during preparations for his scheduled lunar orbit mission.

Commerical Crew Program (CCP) Astronauts Speak To Media

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-11

Astronauts selected to train for the flight tests of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program talked to members of the media at the News Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. From left are astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken.

Commerical Crew Program (CCP) Astronauts Speak To Media

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-11

Astronauts selected to train for the flight tests of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program talked to members of the media at the News Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During the discussion, astronaut Bob Behnken answers a question.

Commerical Crew Program (CCP) Astronauts Speak To Media

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-11

Astronauts selected to train for the flight tests of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program talked to members of the media at the News Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During the discussion, astronaut Doug Hurley answers a question.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi, left, Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka, center, and Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt along with the backup crew and flight doctors walk the grounds of the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

JAXA astronaut and Expedition 28 crew member Satoshi Furukawa

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-17

PHOTO DATE: 09-17-10 LOCATION: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups SUBJECT: JAXA astronaut and Expedition 28 crew member Satoshi Furukawa during P HRF Integ Cardio Integration Ops training WORK ORDER: 02810-BS__HRFSATOSHI_09-17-10 PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

Astronaut Michael Clifford takes a break during bailout training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut Michael R.U. (Rich) Clifford takes a break while video taping crew mates in training in the JSC Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). He is pictured with Trent G. Keeple, a member of the training staff assigned to STS-59.

KSC-2009-3386

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Pilot Doug Hurley drives the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113, which will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3384

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Commander Mark Polansky takes his turn driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3380

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Tim Kopra practices driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. Other crew members are seated behind him and will take their turns at driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1173

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Under the supervision of Battalion Chief George Hoggard, STS-124 Mission Specialist Karen Nyberg takes her turn (right) driving the armored personnel carrier, part of emergency training. At left are Mission Specialists Ron Garan and Akihiko Hoshide, who represents the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. They and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd1177

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-05-07

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- With Launch Pad 39B in the background, STS-124 Pilot Ken Ham drives the M113 armored personnel carrier as part of emergency training. Behind him at right is Mission Specialist Karen Nyberg. At center is Battalion Chief George Hoggard providing supervision. Ham and other crew members are at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a dress launch rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test. TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. On the STS-124 mission, the crew will deliver and install the Japanese Experiment Module – Pressurized Module and Japanese Remote Manipulator System. Discovery's launch is targeted for May 31. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0593

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-25

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Emergency egress training completed, the STS-123 crew members gather at the slidewire baskets. Clockwise from left are Mission Specialists Mike Foreman, Garrett Reisman and Robert L. Behnken, Commander Dominic Gorie, Mission Specialist Rick Linnehan, Pilot Gregory H. Johnson and Takao Doi. The TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency egress training. Endeavour is targeted to launch at 2:28 a.m. EDT March 11 on the 16-day STS-123 mission to the International Space Station. Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Shuttle crew escape systems test conducted in JSC Bldg 9A CCT

NASA Image and Video Library

1987-03-20

Shuttle crew escape systems test is conducted by astronauts Steven R. Nagel (left) and Manley L. (Sonny) Carter in JSC One Gravity Mockup and Training Facilities Bldg 9A crew compartment trainer (CCT). Nagel and Carter are evaluating methods for crew escape during Space Shuttle controlled gliding flight. JSC test was done in advance of tests scheduled for facilities in California and Utah. Here, Carter serves as test subject evaluating egress positioning for the tractor rocket escape method - one of the two systems currently being closely studied by NASA.

Teacher in Space - STS-33/51L

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-09-12

Views of STS-33/51L crew personnel Prime McAuliffe and Backup Morgan at the ILC Facility during clothing selection and Building #37 during food sampling, and with the rest of the STS-33/51L crew. 40074: "Teacher-in-Space" Participant Barbara Morgan (right) is briefed on her suit and on personal hygiene equipment to be used on the STS-51L Mission. 1. JSC - Education Program (Teacher in Space) 2. Barbara Morgan 3. Christa McAuliffe 4. STS-33/51L - Crew Training (Uniforms/Food/Crew)

American ASTP prime crew participate in press conference

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-05-14

S75-26573 (14 May 1975) --- The three members of the American ASTP prime crew participate in an Apollo-Soyuz Test Project press conference conducted on May 14, 1975 in the Building 2 briefing room at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot; and Thomas P. Stafford, commander. The astronauts discussed with the news media their recent ASTP joint training session in the Soviet Union, and the crew?s tour of the USSR?s Baikonur launch complex in Kazakhstan.

A taxonomy of decision problems on the flight deck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orasanu, Judith M.; Fischer, Ute; Tarrel, Richard J.

1993-01-01

Examining cases of real crews making decisions in full-mission simulators or through Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports shows that there are many different types of decisions that crews must make. Features of the situation determine the type of decision that must be made. The paper identifies six types of decisions that require different types of cognitive work and are also subject to different types of error or failure. These different requirements, along with descriptions of effective crew strategies, can serve as a basis for developing training practices and for evaluating crews.

Autonomous, In-Flight Crew Health Risk Management for Exploration-Class Missions: Leveraging the Integrated Medical Model for the Exploration Medical System Demonstration Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, D. J.; Kerstman, E.; Saile, L.; Myers, J.; Walton, M.; Lopez, V.; McGrath, T.

2011-01-01

The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) captures organizational knowledge across the space medicine, training, operations, engineering, and research domains. IMM uses this knowledge in the context of a mission and crew profile to forecast risks to crew health and mission success. The IMM establishes a quantified, statistical relationship among medical conditions, risk factors, available medical resources, and crew health and mission outcomes. These relationships may provide an appropriate foundation for developing an in-flight medical decision support tool that helps optimize the use of medical resources and assists in overall crew health management by an autonomous crew with extremely limited interactions with ground support personnel and no chance of resupply.

Crew Roles and Interactions in Scientific Space Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Love, Stanley G.; Bleacher, Jacob E.

2013-01-01

Future piloted space exploration missions will focus more on science than engineering, a change which will challenge existing concepts for flight crew tasking and demand that participants with contrasting skills, values, and backgrounds learn to cooperate as equals. In terrestrial space flight analogs such as Desert Research And Technology Studies, engineers, pilots, and scientists can practice working together, taking advantage of the full breadth of all team members training to produce harmonious, effective missions that maximize the time and attention the crew can devote to science. This paper presents, in a format usable as a reference by participants in the field, a successfully tested crew interaction model for such missions. The model builds upon the basic framework of a scientific field expedition by adding proven concepts from aviation and human spaceflight, including expeditionary behavior and cockpit resource management, cooperative crew tasking and adaptive leadership and followership, formal techniques for radio communication, and increased attention to operational considerations. The crews of future spaceflight analogs can use this model to demonstrate effective techniques, learn from each other, develop positive working relationships, and make their expeditions more successful, even if they have limited time to train together beforehand. This model can also inform the preparation and execution of actual future spaceflights.

Crew roles and interactions in scientific space exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Love, Stanley G.; Bleacher, Jacob E.

2013-10-01

Future piloted space exploration missions will focus more on science than engineering, a change which will challenge existing concepts for flight crew tasking and demand that participants with contrasting skills, values, and backgrounds learn to cooperate as equals. In terrestrial space flight analogs such as Desert Research And Technology Studies, engineers, pilots, and scientists can practice working together, taking advantage of the full breadth of all team members' training to produce harmonious, effective missions that maximize the time and attention the crew can devote to science. This paper presents, in a format usable as a reference by participants in the field, a successfully tested crew interaction model for such missions. The model builds upon the basic framework of a scientific field expedition by adding proven concepts from aviation and human space flight, including expeditionary behavior and cockpit resource management, cooperative crew tasking and adaptive leadership and followership, formal techniques for radio communication, and increased attention to operational considerations. The crews of future space flight analogs can use this model to demonstrate effective techniques, learn from each other, develop positive working relationships, and make their expeditions more successful, even if they have limited time to train together beforehand. This model can also inform the preparation and execution of actual future space flights.

Astronaut Vance Brand practices operating Docking Module hatch for ASTP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) prime crew, practices operating a Docking Module hatch during ASTP pre-flight training at JSC. The Docking Module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft during their docking in Earth orbit mission. Gary L. Doerre of JSC's Crew Training and Procedures Division is working with Brand. Doerre is wearing a face mask to help prevent possible exposure to Brand of disease prior to the ASTP launch.

The astronaut of 1988. [training and selection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slayton, D. K.

1973-01-01

Past space exploration history is reviewed for a projection of requirements in astronaut training and selection in 1988. The categories of talent required for those space missions are listed as test pilots and operational pilots for the test phase of programs; flight engineers and mechanics for Space Shuttle and Space Stations; medical doctors as experimentators and crew members; medical technicians and nurses for support medical service; veterinarians and veterinary technicians; physisits, chemists and geologists; and military men and administrators. Multinational crews and participation of both sexes are anticipated.

STS-120 crew along with Expedition crew members Dan Tani and Sandra Magnus

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-09

JSC2007-E-41538 (9 Aug. 2007) --- Astronauts Stephanie Wilson, STS-120 mission specialist; Sandra Magnus, Expedition 17 flight engineer; and Dan Tani, Expedition 16 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab at Johnson Space Center to train for their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with space station elements. A computer display is visible in the foreground.

Crew of the first manned Apollo mission practice water egress procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1966-01-01

Prime crew for the first manned Apollo mission relax in a life raft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico with a full scale boilerplate model of their spacecraft. Left to right, are Astronauts Roger B. Chaffee, pilot, Virgil I. Grissom, command pilot, and Edward H. White II (facing camera), senior pilot. In background is the 'Duchess', a yacht owned by La Porte businessman Paul Barkley and provided by him as a press boat for newsmen covering the training.

Position-specific behaviors and their impact on crew performance: Implications for training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Law, J. Randolph

1993-01-01

The present study was motivated by results from a preliminary report documenting the impact of specific crewmembers on overall crew performance (Wilhelm & Law, 1992), and a cross-airline cross-fleet project investigating human factors behaviors of commercial aviation flightcrews (Helmreich, Butler, Whilhelm, & Lofaro, 1992). The purpose of the current investigation is to study how position-specific behaviors impact flightcrew performance, and how these position-specific behaviors differ between two airlines and two flying environments. Implications for training will also be addressed.

Astronaut Sullivan prepares to join crew in training

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-09-04

41D-3188 (2 September 1984) --- Astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan, 41-G mission specialist, joins with other members of the seven-person crew prior to a training session in the Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. Dr. Sullivan will be the first American woman to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA) in space when she joins Astronaut David C. Leestma for some outside-the-Challenger duty on October 9. The mission is scheduled for an October 5, 1984 launch.

Crew Training- STS-11 (RMS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-14

S83-33925 (14 June 1983) --- Astronaut Ronald E. McNair, one of NASA?s three 41-B mission specialists, participates in a training session in the Shuttle one-g trainer in the Johnson Space Center?s mockup and integrating laboratory. He stands at the aft flight deck, where controls for the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm are located. Dr. McNair and the remainder of the five-man astronaut crew are scheduled to lift into space aboard the Challenger on February 3, 1984.

CREW TRAINING (EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY [EVA]) - STS-41G - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-07-06

S84-36956 (1 July 1984) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, 41-G crew commander, prepares his SCUBA mask prior to submerging into the weightless environment training facility's 25 ft. deep pool to observe a simulation exercise for two fellow 41-G crewmembers assigned to an extravehicular activity (EVA) in space. Not pictured are Astronauts Kathryn D. Sullivan and David C. Leestma, mission specialists who will perform the EVA during the eight-day mission scheduled for October of this year.

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Mukai at CCT side hatch during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-11-22

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai takes a break from training at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Wearing a training version of the orange launch and entry suit (LES), Mukai stands at the crew compartment trainer (CCT) side hatch in the Mockup and Integration Laboratory (MAIL) Bldg 9NE. Note the crew escape system (CES) pole device extending out the side hatch which would accommodate crewmembers in bailout from a troubled spacecraft. Mukai represents the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan and will serve as a payload specialist aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, during the STS-65 International Microgravity Laboratory 2 (IML-2) mission.

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Mukai at CCT side hatch during training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-65 Japanese Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai takes a break from training at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Wearing a training version of the orange launch and entry suit (LES), Mukai stands at the crew compartment trainer (CCT) side hatch in the Mockup and Integration Laboratory (MAIL) Bldg 9NE. Note the crew escape system (CES) pole device extending out the side hatch which would accommodate crewmembers in bailout from a troubled spacecraft. Mukai represents the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan and will serve as a payload specialist aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, during the STS-65 International Microgravity Laboratory 2 (IML-2) mission.

Subjective stress factors in centrifuge training for military aircrews.

PubMed

Lin, Pei-Chun; Wang, Jenhung; Li, Shih-Chin

2012-07-01

This study investigates stress-influence factors perceived by military aircrews undergoing centrifuge training, which lowers the incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) for the crews of high-performance combat aircrafts. We used questionnaires to assess the subjective stress-influence factors of crews undergoing centrifuge training. Professionals in aviation physiology identified attributes measuring the perceived stress induced by centrifuge training, which were segmented into three constructs by factor analysis, theory lecture, centrifuge equipment, and physical fitness. Considerable interpenetration was discernible between these factors and military rank, age, length of service, flight hours accrued, and type of aircraft piloted. Identifying and quantifying the perceived stressors experienced in human-use centrifuge training enables aviators, astronauts, and air forces of the world to determine which constructs perceptibly increase or alleviate the perceived stress undergone by trainees when partaking in centrifuge training. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Communication Research in Aviation and Space Operations: Symptoms and Strategies of Crew Coordination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kanki, Barbara G.; Hart, Sandra G. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

The day-to-day operators of today's aerospace systems work under increasing pressures to accomplish more with less. They work in operational systems which are complex, technology-based, and high-risk; in which incidents and accidents have far-reaching and costly consequences. For these and other reasons, there is concern that the safety net formerly built upon redundant systems and abundant resources may become overburdened. Although we know that human ingenuity can overcome incredible odds, human nature can also fail in unpredictable ways. Over the last 20 years, a large percentage of aviation accidents and incidents have been attributed to human errors rather than hardware or environmental factors alone. A class of errors have been identified which are not due to a lack of individual, technical competencies. Rather, they are due to the failure of teams to utilize readily available resources or information in a timely fashion. These insights began a training revolution in the aviation industry called Cockpit Resource Management, which later became known as Crew Resource Management (CRM) as its concepts and applications extended to teams beyond the flightdeck. Then, as now, communication has been a cornerstone in CRM training since crew coordination and resource management largely resides within information transfer processes--both within flightcrews, and between flightcrews and the ground operations teams that support them. The research I will describe takes its roots in CRM history as we began to study communication processes in order to discover symptoms of crew coordination problems, as well as strategies of effective crew management. On the one hand, communication is often the means or the tool by which team members manage their resources, solve problems, maintain situational awareness and procedural discipline. Conversely, it is the lack of planning and resource management, loss of vigilance and situational awareness, and non-standard communications that are implicated in accidents and incidents. NASA/Ames Crew Factors researchers have been developing a model of effective crew coordination in order to understand the sources of performance breakdowns, and to develop effective solutions and interventions. Because communication is a primary mechanism by which information is received and transmitted, and because it is observable behavior, we focus on these group processes in order to identify patterns of communication that distinguish effective from less effective crew performance. Since a prime objective is to develop training recommendations for enhancing communication skills, we interpret our findings in the context of relevant task and environmental conditions, role and procedural constraints, and the normal real-time parameters of flight operations. Another research objective is to consider how communication and coordination can be enhanced through design. For example, flight deck and hardware design as well as procedural and software design may greatly influence the efficiency with which crews communicate and coordinate their work. In addition, teams and tasks may be designed, organized, and trained so that team interactions with each other are based upon appropriately shared knowledge, procedures and situation awareness. In short, we are interested in enhancing communication practices through (1) the training of specific communication skills, and (2) the design of equipment, tasks, procedures, and teams that optimize smooth, unambiguous communication processes. Two examples of communication research will be described; one in aviation and one in space operations. The first example is a high-fidelity full mission simulation study which investigates the affect of flightdeck automation on crew coordination and communication (contrasting crew performance in the DC-9 vs. MD88). Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Astronaut Tamara Jernigan in the CCT during a training session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Tamara E. Jernigan, STS-67 payload commander, is shown here in the Shuttle Training Facility at JSC participating in a training session. Jernigan is training with the RMS controls in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) of JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

STS-86 crew members Lawrence, Titov and Parazynski in M-113

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-86 crew members get a ride in, and learn to operate, an M-113 armored personnel carrier as part of training exercises during the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), a dress rehearsal for launch. George Hoggard, in back at left, a training officer with KSC Fire Services, provides this part of the training to Mission Specialists David A. Wolf, to the right of Hoggard; Jean-Loup J.M. Chretien of the French Space Agency; and Vladimir Georgievich Titov, in foreground, of the Russian Space Agency. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Russian Space Station Mir. During the docking, Wolf will transfer to the orbiting Russian station and become a member of the Mir 24 crew, replacing U.S. astronaut C. Michael Foale, who has been on the Mir since the last docking mission, STS-84, in May. Launch of Mission STS-86 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis is targeted for Sept. 25 from Launch Pad 39A.

KSC-2011-2561

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-30

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training near Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. Space shuttle Endeavour's six crew members are at Kennedy for the launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Targeted to launch April 19 at 7:48 p.m. EDT, they will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper and micrometeoroid debris shields to the space station. This will be the final spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2011-2562

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-30

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training near Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. Space shuttle Endeavour's six crew members are at Kennedy for the launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Targeted to launch April 19 at 7:48 p.m. EDT, they will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper and micrometeoroid debris shields to the space station. This will be the final spaceflight for Endeavour. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts134/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

EVA Skills Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parazynski, Scott

2012-01-01

Dr. Parazynski and a colleague from Extravehicular Activity (EVA), Robotics, & Crew Systems Operations (DX) worked closely to build the EVA Skills Training Program, and for the first time, defined the gold standards of EVA performance, allowing crewmembers to increase their performance significantly. As part of the program, individuals had the opportunity to learn at their own rate, taking additional water time as required, to achieve that level of performance. This focus on training to one's strengths and weaknesses to bolster them enabled the Crew Office and DX to field a much larger group of spacewalkers for the daunting "wall of EVA" required for the building and maintenance of the ISS. Parazynski also stressed the need for designers to understand the capabilities and the limitations of a human in a spacesuit, as well as opportunities to improve future generations of space. He shared lessons learned (how the Crew Office engaged in these endeavors) and illustrated the need to work as a team to develop these complex systems.

STS-71 astronauts before egress training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Robert L. Gibson (left), STS-71 mission commander, converses with two crew mates prior to emergency egress training in the Systems Integration Facility at JSC. Astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar and Gregory J. Harbaugh are attired in training versions o

33 CFR 155.1055 - Training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Oil § 155.1055 Training. (a) A response plan submitted to meet the requirements of § 155.1035 must identify the training to be provided to persons having responsibilities under the plan, including members... under the plan including tankermen and members of the towing vessel crew. The training program must...

KSC-08pd0961

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-04-17

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Following the presentation in the Training Auditorium at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the STS-122 crew signs autographs for employees. At front is Mission Specialist Stan Love. The crew members shared personal stories, photos and videos of their challenging mission. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Huston

Expedition 52 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

A painting of Yuri Gagarin is seen in the lobby of the building where the Expedition 52 prime and backup crews held a crew press conference on the grounds of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

KSC-2009-3372

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – The STS-127 crew members sit in the M-113 armored personnel carrier for instructions on driving the M-113 as part of their training on emergency egress procedures. On the left are Commander Mark Polansky and Mission Specialists Tom Marshburn, Julie Payette and Dave Wolf (behind Payette). On the right are Mission Specialist Christopher Cassidy, Pilot Doug Hurley and Mission Specialist Tim Kopra. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission will each practice driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-113 crew during M-113 armored personnel carrier training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria concentrates on driving an M-113 armored personnel carrier during emergency egress training at the pad. He is accompanied by (far left) Mission Specialist John Herrington and Commander James Wetherbee. Behind Lopez-Alegria is Pilot Paul Lockhart. The crew is preparing for the mission aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, by taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes a simulated launch countdown.. The primary payloads on mission STS-113 are the first port truss segment, P1, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B. Once delivered, the P1 truss will remain stowed until flight 12A.1 in 2003 when it will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, on the Space Station. Also onboard Space Shuttle Endeavour will be the Expedition 6 crew who will replace Expedition 5, returning to Earth after 4 months.

KSC-08pd0499

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-24

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the crew of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission answers questions from the media during a break from emergency egress training. From left are From left are Commander Dominic Gorie; Mission Specialist Garrett Reisman; Pilot Gregory H. Johnson; and Mission Specialists Robert L. Behnken, Mike Foreman, Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Rick Linnehan. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0492

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-24

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the crew for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission takes time out from training activities to pose for a group portrait. From left are Pilot Gregory H. Johnson; Commander Dominic Gorie and Mission Specialists Mike Foreman, Garrett Reisman, Rick Linnehan, Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Robert L. Behnken. Endeavour is on the pad in the background. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0516

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-24

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the crew for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission receives instruction on the operation of a slidewire basket during emergency egress training. Mission Specialist Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency observes from the basket as Mission Specialist Rick Linnehan steadies the basket for Mission Specialist Garrett Reisman to jump to the ground. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0509

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-24

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A, the crew for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-123 mission receives instruction on the operation of a slidewire basket during emergency egress training. From top left are Pilot Gregory H. Johnson and Commander Dominic Gorie. In the basket are Mission Specialists Rick Linnehan, Garrett Reisman and Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. The crew is at Kennedy for a full launch dress rehearsal, known as the terminal countdown demonstration test or TCDT. The terminal countdown demonstration test provides astronauts and ground crews with an opportunity to participate in various simulated countdown activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. Endeavour is targeted to launch March 11 at 2:28 a.m. EDT on a 16-day mission to the International Space Station. On the mission, Endeavour and its crew will deliver the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd3334

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-122 crew poses for a group portrait near Launch Pad 39B during a training session on the operation of the M-113 armored personnel carrier. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of an emergency on the pad before their launch. From left are Mission Specialists Rex Walheim, Leopold Eyharts and Hans Schlegel of the European Space Agency, Stanley Love; Commander Steve Frick; Pilot Alan Poindexter; and Mission Specialist Leland Melvin. The crew is participating in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, a standard part of launch preparations. The TCDT provides astronauts and ground crews with equipment familiarization, emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. On mission STS-122, Atlantis will deliver the European Space Agency's Columbus module to the International Space Station. Columbus is a multifunctional, pressurized laboratory that will be permanently attached to U.S. Node 2, called Harmony, and will expand the research facilities aboard the station. Launch is targeted for Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

75 FR 17911 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

...) (June 11, 1997; 62 FR 31793). Reason: The 1550th Technical Training Squadron, Kirtland Air Force Base...: The 1550th Combat Crew Training Wing, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM, no longer exists. Training now..., Kirtland Air Force Base, NM, no longer exists. Training now falls under the Air Education Training Command...

Crew factors in the aerospace workplace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kanki, Barbara G.; Foushee, H. C.

1990-01-01

The effects of technological change in the aerospace workplace on pilot performance are discussed. Attention is given to individual and physiological problems, crew and interpersonal problems, environmental and task problems, organization and management problems, training and intervention problems. A philosophy and conceptual framework for conducting research on these problems are presented and two aerospace studies are examined which investigated: (1) the effect of leader personality on crew effectiveness and (2) the working undersea habitat known as Aquarius.

SKYLAB PRIME CREW IN BLDG. 5

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-03-19

S73-20236 (1 March 1973) --- The three members of the prime crew of the first manned Skylab mission dine on specially prepared Skylab space food in the wardroom of the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer during Skylab training at the Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, scientist-astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, science pilot; astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot; and astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander. Photo credit: NASA

Mickey Mouse greets prime ASTP crewmen to Florida's Disney World

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A space-suited Mickey Mouse character welcomes the prime crewmen of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) to Florida's Disney World near Orlando. The crewmen made a side-trip to Disney World during a three-day inspection tour of the Kennedy Space Center. Receiving the Disney World welcome are, left to right, Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew; Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American crew; Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and Cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov, Chief of Cosmonaut Training for the U.S.S.R.

Lunar and Mars Exploration: The Autonomy Factor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rando, Cynthia M.; Schuh, Susan V.

2008-01-01

Long duration space flight crews have relied heavily on almost constant communication with ground control mission support. Ground control teams provide vehicle status and system monitoring, while offering near real time support for specific tasks, emergencies, and ensuring crew health and well being. With extended exploration goals to lunar and Mars outposts, real time communication with ground control teams and the ground s ability to conduct mission monitoring will be very limited compared to the resources provided to current International Space Station (ISS) crews. An operational shift toward more autonomy and a heavier reliance on the crew to monitor their vehicle and operations will be required for these future missions. NASA s future exploration endeavors and the subsequent increased autonomy will require a shift in crew skill composition, i.e. engineer, doctor, mission specialist etc. and lead to new training challenges and mission scenarios. Specifically, operational and design changes will be necessary in many areas including: Habitat Infrastructure and Support Systems, Crew Composition, Training, Procedures and Mission Planning. This paper will specifically address how to apply ISS lessons learned to further use ISS as a test bed to address decreased amounts of ground support to achieve full autonomous operations for lunar and Mars missions. Understanding these lessons learned and applying them to current operations will help to address the future impacts of increased crew autonomy for the lunar and Mars outposts and pave the way for success in increasingly longer mission durations.

Commercial Crew Astronauts Visit Kennedy on This Week @NASA – August 12, 2016

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-12

Two of the NASA astronauts training for the first flight tests for the agency’s Commercial Crew Program visited with employees during an Aug. 11 event at Kennedy Space Center. Astronauts Eric Boe and Suni Williams, alongside Commercial Crew Program Manager Kathy Lueders, responded to questions during a panel discussion, moderated by Kennedy Director Robert Cabana. NASA has contracted with Boeing and SpaceX to develop crew transportation systems and provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station. The agency will select the commercial crew astronauts from the group that includes Boe, Williams, Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley The first flight tests are targeted for next year. Also, Air Quality Flight over California Wildfire, CYGNSS Media Day, Putting NASA Earth Science to Work, and more!

STS-92 crew get training on driving the M-113 armored vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

As part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, members of the STS-92 crew get instructions about the M-113 they are seated in at Launch Pad 39A. Seen on the left are Pilot Pam Melroy and Mission Specialists Leroy Chaio and Koichi Wakata of Japan In the middle, giving the instructions, is Capt. George Hoggard, trainer with the KSC Fire Department. At right are Commander Brian Duffy (leaning back) and Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria. The other crew members (not seen) are Mission Specialists Jeff Wisoff and Bill McArthur. The tracked vehicle could be used by the crew in the event of an emergency at the pad during which the crew must make a quick exit from the area. The TCDT also provides simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-92 is scheduled to launch Oct. 5 at 9:30 p.m. EDT on the fifth flight to the International Space Station. It will carry two elements of the Space Station, the Integrated Truss Structure Z1 and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter. The mission is also the 100th flight in the Shuttle program.

KSC-2011-4689

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-21

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Battalion Chief David Seymour provides supervision while space shuttle Atlantis' STS-135 crew members participate in M113 armored personnel carrier training at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An M113 is kept at the foot of the launch pad in case an emergency exit from the launch pad is needed and every shuttle crew is trained on driving the vehicle before launch. The STS-135 crew is at Kennedy to participate in a launch countdown dress rehearsal called the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) and related training. Atlantis and its crew are targeted to lift off July 8, taking with them the Raffaello multi-purpose logistics module packed with supplies and spare parts to the International Space Station. The STS-135 mission also will fly a system to investigate the potential for robotically refueling existing satellites and return a failed ammonia pump module to help NASA better understand the failure mechanism and improve pump designs for future systems. STS-135 will be the 33rd flight of Atlantis, the 37th shuttle mission to the space station, and the 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. For more information visit, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts135/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Some approaches to medical support for Martian expedition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozlovskaya, Inessa B.; Egorov, Anatoly D.

2003-08-01

Medical support in a Martian expedition will be within the scope of crew responsibilities and maximally autonomous. Requirements to the system of diagnostics in this mission include considerable use of means and methods of visualization of the main physiological parameters, telemedicine, broad usage of biochemical analyses (including "dry" chemistry), computerized collection, measurement, analysis and storage of medical information. The countermeasure system will be based on objective methods of crew fitness and working ability evaluation, individual selection of training regimens, and intensive use of computer controlled training. Implementation of the above principles implies modernization and refinement of the countermeasures currently used by space crews of long-term missions (LTM), and increases of the assortment of active and passive training devices, among them a short-arm centrifuge. The system of medical care with the functions of prevention, clinical diagnostics and timely treatment will be autonomous, too. The general requirements to medical care during the future mission are the following: availability of conditions and means for autonomous urgent and special medical aid and treatment of the most possible states and diseases, "a hospital", and assignment to the crew of one or two doctors. To ensure independence of medical support and medical care in an expedition to Mars an automated expert system needs to be designed and constructed to control the medical situation as a whole.

STS-99 crew practice driving an M-113 during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

STS-99 Mission Specialist Mamoru Mohri, who is with the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan, smiles during training on the M-113, an armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The tracked vehicle could be used by the crew in the event of an emergency at the pad during which the crew must make a quick exit from the area. TCDT provides the crew with simulated countdown exercises, emergency egress training, and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-99 is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, which will chart a new course, using two antennae and a 200-foot-long section of space station-derived mast protruding from the payload bay to produce unrivaled 3-D images of the Earth's surface. The result of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission could be close to 1 trillion measurements of the Earth's topography. Besides contributing to the production of better maps, these measurements could lead to improved water drainage modeling, more realistic flight simulators, better locations for cell phone towers, and enhanced navigation safety. Launch of Endeavour on the 11-day mission is scheduled for Jan. 31 at 12:47 p.m. EST.

KSC-2009-3385

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Pilot Doug Hurley smiles after practicing driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission will each practice driving the M-113 in turn as part of their training on emergency egress procedures. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3373

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Dave Wolf takes the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Driving the M-113 is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3375

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Christopher Cassidy is ready to take the wheel to practice driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3374

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Dave Wolf poses for a photograph after driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3382

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Tom Marshburn takes his turn driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3379

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Tim Kopra is happy to have successfully driven the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3383

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Commander Mark Polansky smiles after practicing driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission will each practice driving the M-113 in turn as part of their training on emergency egress procedures. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2009-3381

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-02

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – STS-127 Mission Specialist Tom Marshburn smiles after successfully driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier, which is part of the training on emergency egress procedures. The crew members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-127 mission are taking turns driving the M-113. An M-113 will be available to transport the crew to safety in the event of a contingency on the pad before their launch. The crew is at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for a launch dress rehearsal called the terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, which includes the emergency egress training and equipment familiarization. The STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-01pp1309

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose in front of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left to right, they are STS-105 Commander Scott Horowitz, Mission Specialist Daniel Barry, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester; Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

STS-120 Crew Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

These seven astronauts took a break from training to pose for the STS-120 crew portrait. Pictured from the left are astronauts Scott E. Parazynski, Douglas H. Wheelock, Stephanie D. Wilson, all mission specialists; George D. Zamka, pilot; Pamela A. Melroy, commander; Daniel M. Tani, Expedition 16 flight engineer; and Paolo A. Nespoli, mission specialist representing the European Space Agency (ESA). The crew members were attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suits. Tani joined Expedition 16 as flight engineer after launching to the International Space Station (ISS) and is scheduled to return home on mission STS-122. STS-120 launched October 23, 2007 with the main objectives of installing the U.S. Node 2, Harmony, and the relocation and deployment of the P6 truss to its permanent location.

Guidelines for line-oriented flight training, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lauber, J. K.; Foushee, H. C.

1981-01-01

Current approaches to line-oriented flight training used by six American airlines are described. This recurrent training methodology makes use of a full-crew and full-mission simulation to teach and assess resource management skills, but does not necessarily fulfill requirements for the training and manipulation of all skills.

14 CFR Appendix O to Part 121 - Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... plannersWill-carry Crew members(other than flight crew members) Will-carry General philosophy X X X X X X... General philosophy X X X X X X Limitations X X X X X X General requirements for shippers X Classification...

14 CFR Appendix O to Part 121 - Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... plannersWill-carry Crew members(other than flight crew members) Will-carry General philosophy X X X X X X... General philosophy X X X X X X Limitations X X X X X X General requirements for shippers X Classification...

14 CFR Appendix O to Part 121 - Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... plannersWill-carry Crew members(other than flight crew members) Will-carry General philosophy X X X X X X... General philosophy X X X X X X Limitations X X X X X X General requirements for shippers X Classification...

14 CFR Appendix O to Part 121 - Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... plannersWill-carry Crew members(other than flight crew members) Will-carry General philosophy X X X X X X... General philosophy X X X X X X Limitations X X X X X X General requirements for shippers X Classification...

14 CFR Appendix O to Part 121 - Hazardous Materials Training Requirements For Certificate Holders

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... plannersWill-carry Crew members(other than flight crew members) Will-carry General philosophy X X X X X X... General philosophy X X X X X X Limitations X X X X X X General requirements for shippers X Classification...

Multilingual Crews: Communication and the Operations of Ships.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sampson, Helen; Zhao, Minghua

2003-01-01

Focuses on efforts to improve standards of English among seafarers, including a top-down approach to language learning utilized by industry regulators and training establishments. Considers the effectiveness of top-down approaches to language development, drawing on ethnographic research conducted aboard vessels with multilingual crews.…

President Ford and both the Soviet and American ASTP crews

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

President Gerald R. Ford removes the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft model from a model set depicting the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), an Earth orbital docking and rendezvous mission with crewmen from the U.S. and USSR. From left to right, Vladamir A. Shatalov, Chief, Cosmonaut training; Valeriy N. Kubasov, ASTP Soviet engineer; Aleksey A. Leonov, ASTP Soviet crew commander; Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; Donald K. Slayton, American docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot for the American crew. Dr. George M Low, Deputy Administrator for NASA is partially obscured behind President Ford.

Space Station Application of Simulator-Developed Aircrew Coordination and Performance Measures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Miles

1985-01-01

This paper summarizes a study in progress at NASA/Ames Research Center to develop measures of aircrew coordination and decision-making factors and to relate them to flight task performance, that is, to crew and system performance measures. The existence of some similar interpersonal process and task performance requirements suggests a potential application of these methods in space station crew research -- particularly research conducted in ground-based mock-ups. The secondary objective of this study should also be of interest: to develop information on crew process and performance for application in developing crew training programs.

Autogenic-feedback training improves pilot performance during emergency flying conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kellar, Michael A.; Folen, Raymond A.; Cowings, Patricia S.; Toscano, William B.; Hisert, Glen L.

1994-01-01

Studies have shown that autonomous mode behavior is one cause of aircraft fatalities due to pilot error. In such cases, the pilot is in a high state of psychological and physiological arousal and tends to focus on one problem, while ignoring more critical information. This study examined the effect of training in physiological self-recognition and regulation, as a means of improving crew cockpit performance. Seventeen pilots were assigned to the treatment and control groups matched for accumulated flight hours. The treatment group comprised three pilots of HC-130 Hercules aircraft and four HH-65 Dolphin helicopter pilots; the control group comprised three pilots of HC-130's and six Dolphin helicopter pilots. During an initial flight, physiological data were recorded for each crew member and individual crew performance was rated by an instructor pilot. Eight crewmembers were then taught to regulate their own physiological response levels using Autogenic-Feedback Training (AFT). The remaining subjects received no training. During a second flight, treatment subjects showed significant improvement in performance, while controls did not improve. The results indicate that AFT management of high states of physiological arousal may improve pilot performance during emergency flying conditions.

Performance Support Tools for Space Medical Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byrne, Vicky; Schmid, Josef; Barshi, Immanuel

2010-01-01

Early Constellation space missions are expected to have medical capabilities similar to those currently on board the Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS). Flight surgeons on the ground in Mission Control will direct the Crew Medical Officer (CMO) during medical situations. If the crew is unable to communicate with the ground, the CMO will carry out medical procedures without the aid of a flight surgeon. In these situations, use of performance support tools can reduce errors and time to perform emergency medical tasks. The research presented here is part of the Human Factors in Training Directed Research Project of the Space Human Factors Engineering Project under the Space Human Factors and Habitability Element of the Human Research Program. This is a joint project consisting of human factors teams from the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Ames Research Center (ARC). Work on medical training has been conducted in collaboration with the Medical Training Group at JSC and with Wyle that provides medical training to crew members, biomedical engineers (BMEs), and flight surgeons under the Bioastronautics contract. Human factors personnel at Johnson Space Center have investigated medical performance support tools for CMOs and flight surgeons.

The dynamics of CRM attitude change: Attitude stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregorich, Steven E.

1993-01-01

Special training seminars in cockpit resource management (CRM) are designed to enhance crew effectiveness in multicrew air-transport cockpits. In terms of CRM, crew effectiveness is defined by teamwork rather than technical proficiency. These seminars are designed to promote factual learning, alter aviator attitudes, and motivate aviators to make use of what they have learned. However, measures of attitude change resulting from CRM seminars have been the most common seminar evaluation technique. The current investigation explores a broader range of attitude change parameters with specific emphasis on the stability of change between recurrent visits to the training center. This allows for a comparison of training program strengths in terms of seminar ability to effect lasting change.

Preflight coverage of STS-114 & Expedition 7 Crews, Emergency Egress Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-12

JSC2002-01650 (12 September 2002) --- The STS-114 and Expedition Seven crews, attired in training versions of the full-pressure launch and entry suit, pose for a group photo prior to a training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). From the left are astronauts Eileen M. Collins, James M. Kelly, STS-114 mission commander and pilot, respectively; Soichi Noguchi and Stephen K. Robinson, both STS-114 mission specialists; Edward T. Lu, Expedition Seven flight engineer; cosmonauts Sergei I. Moschenko and Yuri I. Malenchenko, Expedition Seven flight engineer and mission commander, respectively. Moschenko and Malenchenko represent Rosaviakosmos and Noguchi represents Japan’s National Space Development Agency (NASDA).

Skylab 3 crew during training in Orbital Workshop trainer

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-06-19

S73-28412 (February 1973) --- The three members of the prime crew of the third of three scheduled manned Skylab missions (Skylab 4) go through Skylab preflight training in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility at the Johnson Space Center. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr (on right), Skylab 4 commander, is seated at a simulator which represents the control and display console of the Apollo Telescope Mount which is located in the space station's Multiple Docking Adapter. Seated on the left is scientist-astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 science pilot. In the left background is astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot. (Unmanned Skylab 1 will carry the Skylab space station payload into Earth orbit). Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Tamara Jernigan deploys life raft during WETF training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Tamara E. Jernigan, STS-67 payload commander, deploys a life raft during a session of emergency bailout training. The training took place in the 25-feet deep pool at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Jernigan was joined by her crew mates for the training session. Several SCUBA-equipped divers who assisted in the training can be seen in this photograph.

Simulator - Ride, Sally K.

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-05-24

S83-32571 (23 May 1983) --- Four-fifths of the STS-7 crew take a break from simulations in the Johnson Space Center?s Mission Simulation and Training Facility and pose for NASA photographer. Standing on the steps leading into the motion-based Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) are (left to right) astronauts Robert L. Crippen, John M. Fabian, Frederick H. Hauck and Sally K. Ride. Crippen is crew commander; Hauck, pilot; and Fabian and Ride are mission specialists, along with Norman E. Thagard (not involved in this phase of training and not pictured). Photo credit: NASA

KSC-97pc187

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-01-21

STS-82 Mission Commander, far left, takes a photograph of his fellow crew members Pilot Scott J. "Doc" Horowitz, at far right, and Mission Specialist Joseph R. "Joe" Tanner while they are training in the M-113 armored personnel carrier. George Hoggard, a training officer with KSC Fire Services, looks on. The STS-82 crew is at KSC to participate in the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), a dress rehearsal for launch. The 10-day flight, which will be the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, is targeted for a Feb. 11 liftoff

Skylab (SL)-3 Crewmen - Checklist - Crew Quarters - Orbital Workshop Simulator (OWS) Trainer - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-01-01

S73-28793 (16 July 1973) --- The three crewmen of the second manned Skylab mission (Skylab 3) go over a checklist during preflight training at the Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander; and astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot. They are in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop trainer in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility, Building 5, at JSC. Skylab 3 is scheduled as a 59-day mission in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

Fire/security staff member instructs STS-29 crew on fire extinguisher usage

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-12-06

S88-54948 (6 Dec 1988) --- The STS-29 crewmembers are trained in procedures to follow in the event of a fire with their spacecraft. Here, the crew is briefed on correct handling of the fire extinguisher by Robert Fife (far left) of NASA's fire and security staff. Pictured, left to right, are Astronauts John E. Blaha, pilot; Michael L. Coats, mission commander; Robert C. Springer, James F. Buchli and James P. Bagian, mission specialists. The training exercise took place on the northern end of the 1625-acre JSC facility.

Crew Management Processes Revitalize Patient Care

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

In 2005, two physicians, former NASA astronauts, created LifeWings Partners LLC in Memphis, Tennessee and began using Crew Resource Management (CRM) techniques developed at Ames Research Center in the 1970s to help improve safety and efficiency at hospitals. According to the company, when hospitals follow LifeWings? training, they can see major improvements in a number of areas, including efficiency, employee satisfaction, operating room turnaround, patient advocacy, and overall patient outcomes. LifeWings has brought its CRM training to over 90 health care organizations and annual sales have remained close to $3 million since 2007.

Management training for cockpit crews at Piedmont flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sifford, J. C.

1984-01-01

A brief history of Piedmont Airlines' flight operations is presented. A captain-management seminar conducted regularly by Piedmont is discussed. Piedmont's approach to cockpit resource management (CRM) is reviewed, and the relationship of CRM training to other aspects of flight training is addressed. Future leadership research plans and CRM training is considered along with critical training issues.

APOLLO 13 CREW JOHN SWIGERT, JAMES LOVELL, AND FRED HAISE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

John L. Swigert, Jr., left, the Apollo 13 backup crewman being considered as command module pilot in place of Thomas K. Mattingly II because of the latter's exposure to measles, has been training with the prime crew -- James A. Lovell, Jr., center and Fred W. Haise, Jr.

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-24

Expedition 31 NASA backup crew member Kevin Ford signs for his International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Oleg Novitskiy (left) and Evgeny Tarelkin look on. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Crew Training - Apollo 9 - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-02-17

S69-19983 (17 Feb. 1969) --- The Apollo 9 crew is shown suited up for a simulated flight in the Apollo Mission Simulator at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Left to right are astronauts James A. McDivitt, commander; David R. Scott, command module pilot; and Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot.

49 CFR Appendix D to Part 172 - Rail Risk Analysis Factors

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING...; 24. Past incidents; 25. Overall times in transit; 26. Training and skill level of crews; and 27...

49 CFR Appendix D to Part 172 - Rail Risk Analysis Factors

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING...; 24. Past incidents; 25. Overall times in transit; 26. Training and skill level of crews; and 27...

Crew/Automation Interaction in Space Transportation Systems: Lessons Learned from the Glass Cockpit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rudisill, Marianne

2000-01-01

The progressive integration of automation technologies in commercial transport aircraft flight decks - the 'glass cockpit' - has had a major, and generally positive, impact on flight crew operations. Flight deck automation has provided significant benefits, such as economic efficiency, increased precision and safety, and enhanced functionality within the crew interface. These enhancements, however, may have been accrued at a price, such as complexity added to crew/automation interaction that has been implicated in a number of aircraft incidents and accidents. This report briefly describes 'glass cockpit' evolution. Some relevant aircraft accidents and incidents are described, followed by a more detailed description of human/automation issues and problems (e.g., crew error, monitoring, modes, command authority, crew coordination, workload, and training). This paper concludes with example principles and guidelines for considering 'glass cockpit' human/automation integration within space transportation systems.

STS-87 Commander Kregel holds the crew patch in front of Columbia's entry hatch at LC 39B during TCD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-87 Commander Kevin Kregel holds the crew patch in front of Columbia's entry hatch at Launch Pad 39B during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The crew of the STS-87 mission is scheduled for launch Nov. 19 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight providing the crew of each mission opportunities to participate in simulated countdown activities. The TCDT ends with a mock launch countdown culminating in a simulated main engine cut-off. The crew also spends time undergoing emergency egress training exercises at the pad and has an opportunity to view and inspect the payloads in the orbiter's payload bay.

Expedition Three crew poses for photo on Fixed Service structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew poses on the Fixed Service Structure at Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Expedition Three crew clasp hands for photo at pad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew join hands for a photo on Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Expedition Three crew poses for photo at pad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew poses for a photo on Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Commercial crew astronauts on This Week @NASA – July 10, 2015

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-07-10

NASA has selected four astronauts to work closely with two U.S. commercial companies that will return human spaceflight launches to Florida’s Space Coast. NASA named veteran astronauts and experienced test pilots Robert Behnken, Eric Boe, Douglas Hurley and Sunita Williams to work closely with Boeing and SpaceX. NASA contracted with Boeing and SpaceX to develop crew transportation systems and provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station. The agency will select the commercial crew astronauts from this group of four for the first test, which is scheduled for 2017. Also, NASA’s newest astronauts, New Horizons still on track, Benefits for Humanity, Cargo ship arrives at space station, Training continues for next ISS crew and more!

GEMINI-8 - TRAINING - WATER EGRESS TRAINING - GULF

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-01-15

S66-17288 (15 Jan. 1966) --- Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong (on left), command pilot, and David R. Scott, pilot of the Gemini-8 prime crew, use a boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Three Manned Spacecraft Center swimmers assist in the training exercise. Photo credit: NASA

Wind shear training applications for 91/135

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arbon, ED

1991-01-01

The requirement for wind shear training of all pilots has been demonstrated too often by the accident statistics of past years. Documents were developed to train airline crews on specific aircraft and to teach recognition of the meteorological conditions that are conducive to wind shear and microburst formation. A Wind Shear Training Aid program is discussed.