Path planning during combustion mode switch

DOEpatents

Jiang, Li; Ravi, Nikhil

2015-12-29

Systems and methods are provided for transitioning between a first combustion mode and a second combustion mode in an internal combustion engine. A current operating point of the engine is identified and a target operating point for the internal combustion engine in the second combustion mode is also determined. A predefined optimized transition operating point is selected from memory. While operating in the first combustion mode, one or more engine actuator settings are adjusted to cause the operating point of the internal combustion engine to approach the selected optimized transition operating point. When the engine is operating at the selected optimized transition operating point, the combustion mode is switched from the first combustion mode to the second combustion mode. While operating in the second combustion mode, one or more engine actuator settings are adjusted to cause the operating point of the internal combustion to approach the target operating point.

National Fuel Cell Bus Program: Accelerated Testing Evaluation Report #2, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) and Appendices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eudy, L.; Chandler, K.

2010-06-01

This is an evaluation of hydrogen fuel cell transit buses operating at AC Transit in revenue service since March 20, 2006, comparing similar diesel buses operating from the same depot. It covers November 2007 through February 2010. Results include implementation experience, fueling station operation, evaluation results at AC Transit (bus usage, availability, fuel economy, maintenance costs, and road calls), and a summary of achievements and challenges encountered during the demonstration.

Role of spontaneous emission through operating transition in probe-field spectroscopy of two-level systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saprykin, E. G.; Chernenko, A. A., E-mail: chernen@isp.nsc.ru; Shalagin, A. M.

Analytical and numerical investigations are carried out of the effect of spontaneous decay through operating transition on the shape of a resonance in the work of a probe field under a strong field applied to the transition. A narrow nonlinear resonance arising on transitions with long-living lower level in the work of a probe field can manifest itself in the form of a traditional minimum and a peak as a function of the first Einstein coefficient for the operating transition. The transformation of the resonance from a minimum to a peak is attributed to the specific character of relaxation ofmore » lower-level population beatings on a closed or almost closed transition (the decay of the upper level occurs completely or almost completely through the operating transition).« less

77 FR 1779 - Meeting and Webinar on Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations; Notice of Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-11

.... Transit- oriented Connected Vehicle for Mobility applications support dynamic system operations and... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Meeting and Webinar on Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations; Notice... Transportation. ACTION: Notice. The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Intelligent Transportation System...

Modeling and control of distributed energy systems during transition between grid connected and standalone modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arafat, Md Nayeem

Distributed generation systems (DGs) have been penetrating into our energy networks with the advancement in the renewable energy sources and energy storage elements. These systems can operate in synchronism with the utility grid referred to as the grid connected (GC) mode of operation, or work independently, referred to as the standalone (SA) mode of operation. There is a need to ensure continuous power flow during transition between GC and SA modes, referred to as the transition mode, in operating DGs. In this dissertation, efficient and effective transition control algorithms are developed for DGs operating either independently or collectively with other units. Three techniques are proposed in this dissertation to manage the proper transition operations. In the first technique, a new control algorithm is proposed for an independent DG which can operate in SA and GC modes. The proposed transition control algorithm ensures low total harmonic distortion (THD) and less voltage fluctuation during mode transitions compared to the other techniques. In the second technique, a transition control is suggested for a collective of DGs operating in a microgrid system architecture to improve the reliability of the system, reduce the cost, and provide better performance. In this technique, one of the DGs in a microgrid system, referred to as a dispatch unit , takes the additional responsibility of mode transitioning to ensure smooth transition and supply/demand balance in the microgrid. In the third technique, an alternative transition technique is proposed through hybridizing the current and droop controllers. The proposed hybrid transition control technique has higher reliability compared to the dispatch unit concept. During the GC mode, the proposed hybrid controller uses current control. During the SA mode, the hybrid controller uses droop control. During the transition mode, both of the controllers participate in formulating the inverter output voltage but with different weights or coefficients. Voltage source inverters interfacing the DGs as well as the proposed transition control algorithms have been modeled to analyze the stability of the algorithms in different configurations. The performances of the proposed algorithms are verified through simulation and experimental studies. It has been found that the proposed control techniques can provide smooth power flow to the local loads during the GC, SA and transition modes.

The herbal medicine, Dai-Kenchu-to, accelerates delayed gastrointestinal transit after the operation in rats.

PubMed

Fukuda, Hiroyuki; Chen, Cindy; Mantyh, Christopher; Ludwig, Kirk; Pappas, Theodore N; Takahashi, Toku

2006-04-01

Post-operative ileus (POI) is a transient bowel dysmotility after operation. We have previously shown that laparotomy alone significantly delayed gastrointestinal (GI) transit, compared to anesthesia alone. The GI transit was further delayed after laparotomy plus intestinal manipulation. Dai-Kenchu-to (DKT), an herbal medicine, has been used for treating adhesive bowel obstruction in Japan. We studied whether DKT improves delayed GI transit after the operation, with or without morphine administration in rats. Under isoflurane anesthesia, POI was induced by laparotomy with intestinal manipulation. Immediately after the operation, the rats received 51Cr by gavage. Three hours after the operation, the rats were sacrificed and GI transit was estimated by calculating the geometric center (GC). DKT (120, 360, and 1,200 mg/kg) were administered by gavage after the operation, with or without morphine administration (1 mg/kg s.c.). A muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine; 50 mug/kg), a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron; 1 mg/kg) and a 5HT4 receptor antagonist (GR113,808; 3 mg/kg) were administered before the operation. Truncal vagotomy was performed preceding the operation. Laparotomy with intestinal manipulation produced a significant delay in GI transit (GC = 2.93 +/- 0.16), compared to that of anesthesia alone (9.51 +/- 0.45). DKT at the dose of 360 mg/kg (GC = 3.77 +/- 0.10, P < 0.01) and 1,200 mg/kg (GC = 3.77 +/- 0.20, P < 0.01) significantly accelerated delayed GI transit induced by operation. Ondansetron, GR113,808, atropine, and truncal vagotomy abolished the stimulatory effect of DKT (360 mg/kg). When morphine was administered, GI transit was further reduced (GC = 1.97 +/- 0.10). DKT at the dose of 360 mg/kg (GC = 2.81 +/- 0.22, P < 0.05) and 1,200 mg/kg (GC = 2.87 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05) significantly improved delayed GI transit in morphine treated rats. DKT accelerates delayed GI transit induced by intestinal manipulation with and without concomitant morphine administration. DKT treatment may be useful for the patients with POI.

33 CFR 165.110 - Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. 165.110 Section 165... Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. (a) Definitions. As used in this section...

33 CFR 165.110 - Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. 165.110 Section 165... Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. (a) Definitions. As used in this section...

33 CFR 165.110 - Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. 165.110 Section 165... Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. (a) Definitions. As used in this section...

33 CFR 165.110 - Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. 165.110 Section 165... Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. (a) Definitions. As used in this section...

76 FR 9356 - Intent To Request Approval From OMB of One New Public Collection of Information: Baseline...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-17

... during site visits with security and operating officials of transit systems. The STSIs capture and... assessments during site visits with security and operating officials of transit agencies. DATES: Send your... distance passenger railroad providers operate in the United States.\\1\\ Mass transit and passenger rail...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pickerell, D.H.; Abkowitz, M.; Tozzi, J.

The 9 papers in the report deal with the following areas: Federal operating assistance for urban mass transit; a decade of experience; transit route characteristics and headway-based reliability control; day-of-week and part-of-month variation in bus ridership; job satisfaction and transit operator recognition programs; results of a survey of muni operators; bus marketing costs: the experience of 18 section 15 reporters from 1981 to 1983; prospects for differential transit pricing in the United States; an initial analysis of total factor productivity for public-transit coordination of transportation resources: the Georgia experience; absenteeism, accidents, and attrition: part-time versus full-time bus drivers.

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 77 - DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense A Appendix A to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense Outplacement and Referral System...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 77 - DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense A Appendix A to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense Outplacement and Referral System...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 77 - DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense A Appendix A to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense Outplacement and Referral System...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 77 - DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense A Appendix A to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense Outplacement and Referral System...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 77 - DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense A Appendix A to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2580, Operation Transition Department of Defense Outplacement and Referral System...

The use of complete sets of orthogonal operators in spectroscopic studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raassen, A. J. J.; Uylings, P. H. M.

1996-01-01

Complete sets of orthogonal operators are used to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvector compositions in complex spectra. The latter are used to transform the LS-transition matrix into realistic intermediate coupling transition probabilities. Calculated transition probabilities for some close lying levels in Ni V and Fe III illustrate the power of the complete orthogonal operator approach.

33 CFR 165.1709 - Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. 165.1709 Section...: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. (a...

33 CFR 165.1709 - Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. 165.1709 Section...: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. (a...

33 CFR 165.1709 - Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. 165.1709 Section...: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. (a...

33 CFR 165.1709 - Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. 165.1709 Section...: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. (a...

Review on Malaysian Rail Transit Operation and Management System: Issues and Solution in Integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masirin, Mohd Idrus Mohd; Salin, Aminah Mohd; Zainorabidin, Adnan; Martin, David; Samsuddin, Norshakina

2017-08-01

In any context, operation and management of transportation systems are key issues which may affect both life quality and economic development. In large urban agglomerations, an efficient public transportation system may help abate the negative externalities of private car use such as congestion, air and noise pollution, accident and fuel consumption, without excessively penalizing user travel times or zone accessibility. Thus, this study is conducted to appraise the Malaysian rural rail transit operation and management system, which are considered important as there are many issues and solution in integration of the services that need to be tackled more conscientiously. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the most important issues on integration of services and rail transit system in Malaysian and how to solve or reduce these problems and conflicts. In this paper, it consists of the historical development of rail transit construction in Malaysia. This paper also attempts to identify the important issues related to rail transit services and integration in Malaysian rural rail operation and management system. Comparison is also conducted with other countries such as UK, France, and Japan. Finally, a critical analysis is presented in this paper by looking at the possible application for future Malaysian rail transit operation system and management, especially focusing on enhancing the quality of Malaysian rural rail transit. In conclusion, this paper is expected to successfully review and appraise the existing Malaysian rural rail transit operation and management system pertaining to issues & solution in integration. It is also hoped that reformation or transformation of present service delivery quality of the rail transit operation and management will enable Malaysia to succeed in transforming Malaysian transportation system to greater heights.

Transit Operations Decision Support System (TODSS) core requirements evaluation and update recommendations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

Transit Operations Decision Support Systems (TODSS) are systems designed to support dispatchers and others in real-time operations : management in response to incidents, special events, and other changing conditions in order to improve operating spee...

Systems Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : Quantitative Analysis of Alternative AGT Operational Control Strategies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-10-01

The objectives of the Systems Operation Studies (SOS) for automated guideway transit (AGT) systems are to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate performance and cost, and to establish guidelines for the design and operation...

Transit vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) applications : near term research and development transit bus stop pedestrian safety application : operational concept.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

This document serves as an Operational Concept for the Transit Bus Stop Pedestrian Safety application. The purpose of this document is to communicate user needs and desired capabilities for and expectations of the Transit Bus Stop Pedestrian Safety a...

A 10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant: Solar facilities design integration. Plant operating/training manual (RADL-Item 2-36)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1982-07-01

Plant and system level operating instructions are provided for the Barstow Solar Pilot Plant. Individual status instructions are given that identify plant conditions, process controller responsibilities, process conditions and control accuracies, operating envelopes, and operator cautions appropriate to the operating condition. Transition operating instructions identify the sequence of activities to be carried out to accomplish the indicated transition. Most transitions involve the startup or shutdown of an individual flowpath. Background information is provided on collector field operations, and the heliostat groupings and specific commands used in support receiver startup are defined.

Development, Application, and Transition of Aerosol and Trace Gas Products Derived from Next-Generation Satellite Observations to Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berndt, Emily; Naeger, Aaron; Zavodsky, Bradley; McGrath, Kevin; LaFontaine, Frank

2016-01-01

NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center has a history of successfully transitioning unique observations and research capabilities to the operational weather community to improve short-term forecasts. SPoRTstrives to bridge the gap between research and operations by maintaining interactive partnerships with end users to develop products that match specific forecast challenges, provide training, and assess the products in the operational environment. This presentation focuses on recent product development, application, and transition of aerosol and trace gas products to operations for specific forecasting applications. Recent activities relating to the SPoRT ozone products, aerosol optical depth composite product, sulfur dioxide, and aerosol index products are discussed.

32 CFR Appendix B to Part 77 - DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration B Appendix B to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... to Part 77—DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration ER10AU94.042 ER10AU94.043 ...

Trends in bus transit operations, 1960-1974

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

This report analyzes the historical patterns of bus transit operations from 1960 to 1974 using data from 50 bus operations. Because of limitations on the available data, the analyzed data do not represent the universe of bus operations, nor is it a r...

Guidebook : managing operating costs for rural and small urban public transit systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

This guidebook is a resource for rural and small urban transit agency managers to use in better understanding, predicting, and managing operational costs. Doing so can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of public transit in the...

Connecticut Transit (CTTRANSIT) Fuel Cell Transit Bus Preliminary Evaluation Results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-16

This report describes operations at Connecticut Transit (CTTRANSIT) in Hartford for one prototype fuel cell bus and three new diesel buses operating from the same location. The report discusses the planned fuel cell bus demonstration and equipment us...

Transition operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alcock-Zeilinger, J.; Weigert, H.

2017-05-01

In this paper, we give a generic algorithm of the transition operators between Hermitian Young projection operators corresponding to equivalent irreducible representations of 𝖲𝖴 (N ) , using the compact expressions of Hermitian Young projection operators derived in the work of Alcock-Zeilinger and Weigert [eprint arXiv:1610.10088 [math-ph

Report on the services, operations and policies of the Chicago Transit Authority

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1951-07-23

Consultant's report following a two-month examination of the Chicago Transit Authority's organization, services provided and methods of operation and maintenance. It examines finances, authorizing legislation, the organization, operations, services (...

Fiscal and Origination Impacts of Part-Time Labor in Public Transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-07-01

A typical transit agency will have about twice as many vehicles in operation during the peak hours as at midday. The increased difficulty of obtaining transit subsidies in recent years has produced a corresponding increase in concern over operating e...

National Fuel Cell Bus Program : Accelerated Testing Report, AC Transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This is an evaluation of hydrogen fuel cell transit buses operating at AC Transit in revenue service since March 20, 2006 compared to similar diesel buses operating from the same depot. This evaluation report includes results from November 2007 throu...

Transit Operator Guidelines for Transfer Policy Design

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-06-01

This report provides guidelines to aid transit operators in the design of policies to accomodate bus and/or rail transfers policy may range from a complete set of operator actions involving vehicle routing and scheduling, transfer charges, passenger ...

How to guide - transit operations decision support systems (TODSS).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

Transit Operations Decision Support Systems (TODSS) are decision support systems designed to support dispatchers in real-time bus operations management in response to incidents, special events, and other changing conditions in order to restore servic...

Experience Transitioning Models and Data at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, Thomas

2016-07-01

The NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center has a long history of transitioning research data and models into operations and with the validation activities required. The first stage in this process involves demonstrating that the capability has sufficient value to customers to justify the cost needed to transition it and to run it continuously and reliably in operations. Once the overall value is demonstrated, a substantial effort is then required to develop the operational software from the research codes. The next stage is to implement and test the software and product generation on the operational computers. Finally, effort must be devoted to establishing long-term measures of performance, maintaining the software, and working with forecasters, customers, and researchers to improve over time the operational capabilities. This multi-stage process of identifying, transitioning, and improving operational space weather capabilities will be discussed using recent examples. Plans for future activities will also be described.

In-Use Fleet Evaluation of Fast-Charge Battery Electric Transit Buses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prohaska, Robert; Kelly, Kenneth; Eudy

2016-06-27

With support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducts real-world performance evaluations of advanced medium- and heavy-duty fleet vehicles. Evaluation results can help vehicle manufacturers fine-tune their designs and assist fleet managers in selecting fuel-efficient, low-emission vehicles that meet their economic and operational goals. In 2015, NREL launched an in-service evaluation of 12 battery electric buses (BEBs) compared to conventional compressed natural gas (CNG) buses operated by Foothill Transit in West Covina, California. The study aims to improve understanding of the overall usage and effectiveness of fast-charge BEBs and associated chargingmore » infrastructure in transit operation. To date, NREL researchers have analyzed more than 148,000 km of in-use operational data, including driving and charging events. Foothill Transit purchased the BEBs with grant funding from the Federal Transit Administration's Transit Investments for Greenhouse Gas and Energy Reduction Program.« less

Challenges for Transitioning Science Knowledge to an Operational Environment for Space Weather

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spann, James

2012-01-01

Effectively transitioning science knowledge to an operational environment relevant to space weather is critical to meet the civilian and defense needs, especially considering how technologies are advancing and present evolving susceptibilities to space weather impacts. The effort to transition scientific knowledge to a useful application is not a research task nor is an operational activity, but an effort that bridges the two. Successful transitioning must be an intentional effort that has a clear goal for all parties and measureable outcome and deliverable. This talk will present proven methodologies that have been demonstrated to be effective for terrestrial weather and disaster relief efforts, and how those methodologies can be applied to space weather transition efforts.

Extended System Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-02-01

The objectives of the System Operations Studies (SOS) of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) program was to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate AGT system performance and cost, and to establish guidelines fo...

Transit satellite system timing capabilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finsod, T. D.

1978-01-01

Current time transfer capabilities of the Transit Satellite System are reviewed. Potential improvements in the changes in equipment and operational procedures using operational satellites are discussed.

Integrated Turbine-Based Combined Cycle Dynamic Simulation Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haid, Daniel A.; Gamble, Eric J.

2011-01-01

A Turbine-Based Combined Cycle (TBCC) dynamic simulation model has been developed to demonstrate all modes of operation, including mode transition, for a turbine-based combined cycle propulsion system. The High Mach Transient Engine Cycle Code (HiTECC) is a highly integrated tool comprised of modules for modeling each of the TBCC systems whose interactions and controllability affect the TBCC propulsion system thrust and operability during its modes of operation. By structuring the simulation modeling tools around the major TBCC functional modes of operation (Dry Turbojet, Afterburning Turbojet, Transition, and Dual Mode Scramjet) the TBCC mode transition and all necessary intermediate events over its entire mission may be developed, modeled, and validated. The reported work details the use of the completed model to simulate a TBCC propulsion system as it accelerates from Mach 2.5, through mode transition, to Mach 7. The completion of this model and its subsequent use to simulate TBCC mode transition significantly extends the state-of-the-art for all TBCC modes of operation by providing a numerical simulation of the systems, interactions, and transient responses affecting the ability of the propulsion system to transition from turbine-based to ramjet/scramjet-based propulsion while maintaining constant thrust.

Transit operations decision support systems (TODSS) : core functional requirements for identification of service disruptions and provision of service restoration options 1.0

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-03-15

The Transit Operations Decision Support System (TODSS) Project was initiated to address concerns raised by transit agencies that have implemented and are using Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) and Computer Aided Dispatch Systems (CAD). This document ...

Evaluation of short-duration unscheduled absences among transit operators : TriMet case study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

This report analyzes factors contributing to short duration (one to three days) unscheduled absences among operators : at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan region. The analysis draws on a wide array of : operator-spec...

Evaluation of short-duration, unscheduled absences among transit operators: TriMet case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

This report analyzes factors contributing to short duration (one to three days) unscheduled absences among operators at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan region. The analysis draws on a wide array of operator-specific...

Transit Operations Decision Support System (TODSS) core requirements prototype development case study and lessons learned.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Transit Operations Decision Support Systems (TODSS) are systems designed to support dispatchers and others in real-time operations : management in response to incidents, special events, and other changing conditions. As part of a joint Federal Transi...

Overview of escalator applications in rail transit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deshpande, G.; Rubenstein, L.

1980-01-01

The difference in operating environment and in construction between escalators in transit and nontransit use, the impact of recent escalator innovations, and areas which could benefit from urban mass transportation administration sponsored research and development are determined. Several factors causing a more severe transit escalator operating environment are identified. There are no significant design differences between transit and nontransit escalators. Recent innovations that have affected performance and cost include outdoor escalators, extra flat steps at both landings, and modular escalators. Data were collected by interviews at transit agencies. Long term, unscheduled, escalator maintenance records were available for analysis from one property. A description of escalator operating principles is provided. Transit represents less than 5% of the U.S. escalator market. Transit agencies have limited leverage on escalator industry practices. A substantial impact on transit escalator cost and performance can be achieved by research identifying when and how to apply and specify several of the more recent innovations. Purchase of escalators under long term (25 year) maintenance contracts is one method that has been used to promote escalators manufactured for minimum life cycle cost.

Fixed Route Comprehensive Operational Analysis, 1994 Operating Year. Fourth Installment Route 3: Mill Ridge/Mill Plain Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-05-01

In October, of 1992, the Housatonic Area Regional Transit (HART) District published a planning study providing an in-depth analysis of its fixed route bus transit service. This comprehensive operational analysis (COA) was the first detailed analysis ...

Fixed Route Comprehensive Operational Analysis, 1994 Operating Year. First Installment, Route 1: Medical Center/Golden Hill Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-07-01

In October, of 1992, the Housatonic Area Regional Transit (HART) District published a planning study providing an in-depth analysis of its fixed route bus transit service. This comprehensive operational analysis (COA) was the first detailed analysis ...

Fixed Route Comprehensive Operational Analysis, 1994 Operating Year. Third Installment, Route 6: Lake Avenue/Danbury Fair Mall Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-02-01

In October, of 1992, the Housatonic Area Regional Transit (HART) District published a planning study providing an in-depth analysis of its fixed route bus transit service. This comprehensive operational analysis (COA) was the first detailed analysis ...

Challenges and Opportunities of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans with Disabilities Transitioning into Learning and Workplace Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ostovary, Fariba; Dapprich, Janet

2011-01-01

This article presents issues related to disabled military servicemen and women who are transitioning to civilian life. The emphasis is on the experience of veterans serving in the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) as they reintegrate into civilian workplace and learning environments. The authors begin with an…

Tradeoffs between costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the design of urban transit systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griswold, Julia B.; Madanat, Samer; Horvath, Arpad

2013-12-01

Recent investments in the transit sector to address greenhouse gas emissions have concentrated on purchasing efficient replacement vehicles and inducing mode shift from the private automobile. There has been little focus on the potential of network and operational improvements, such as changes in headways, route spacing, and stop spacing, to reduce transit emissions. Most models of transit system design consider user and agency cost while ignoring emissions and the potential environmental benefit of operational improvements. We use a model to evaluate the user and agency costs as well as greenhouse gas benefit of design and operational improvements to transit systems. We examine how the operational characteristics of urban transit systems affect both costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The research identifies the Pareto frontier for designing an idealized transit network. Modes considered include bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), light rail transit (LRT), and metro (heavy) rail, with cost and emissions parameters appropriate for the United States. Passenger demand follows a many-to-many travel pattern with uniformly distributed origins and destinations. The approaches described could be used to optimize the network design of existing bus service or help to select a mode and design attributes for a new transit system. The results show that BRT provides the lowest cost but not the lowest emissions for our large city scenarios. Bus and LRT systems have low costs and the lowest emissions for our small city scenarios. Relatively large reductions in emissions from the cost-optimal system can be achieved with only minor increases in user travel time.

Public transit research: Rail, bus, and new technology, 1991. Transportation Research Record

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kassabian, N.C.; Tobias, A.G.; Crayton, L.

1991-01-01

The report contains: Image of Rail Transit; Train Operations Computer Simulation Case Study: Single-Tracking Operations for Philadelphia's Market-Frankford Subway Elevated Rail Rapid Transit Line; Transit Railcar Quantities: Scale Economies; Evaluation of Training Programs in Rail Transit: Its Role and Status; Methodology for Evaluating Out-of-Direction Bus Route Segments; Integration of Fixed- and Flexible-Route Bus Systems; Downtown Space for Buses--The Manhattan Experience; Implications of Transit Drug Testing and Maintenance Service Procurement for Small Urban and Rural Systems; Challenges for Integration of Alternative Fuels in the Transit Industry; Short History of the Transbay Transit Terminal and the Relocation of the San Francisco Greyhoundmore » Depot Thereto; Airport Development with Automated People Mover Systems; Review of Four Alternative Airport Terminal Passenger Mobility Systems.« less

Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center: Transitioning Satellite Data to Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zavodsky, Bradley

2012-01-01

The Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center located at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has been conducting testbed activities aimed at transitioning satellite products to National Weather Service operational end users for the last 10 years. SPoRT is a NASA/NOAA funded project that has set the bar for transition of products to operational end users through a paradigm of understanding forecast challenges and forecaster needs, displaying products in end users decision support systems, actively assessing the operational impact of these products, and improving products based on forecaster feedback. Aiming for quality partnerships rather than a large quantity of data users, SPoRT has become a community leader in training operational forecasters on the use of up-and-coming satellite data through the use of legacy instruments and proxy data. Traditionally, SPoRT has supplied satellite imagery and products from NASA instruments such as the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). However, recently, SPoRT has been funded by the GOES-R and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Grounds to accelerate the transition of selected imagery and products to help improve forecaster awareness of upcoming operational data from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), and Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). This presentation provides background on the SPoRT Center, the SPoRT paradigm, and some example products that SPoRT is excited to work with forecasters to evaluate.

An early warning indicator for atmospheric blocking events using transfer operators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tantet, Alexis, E-mail: a.j.j.tantet@uu.nl; Burgt, Fiona R. van der; Dijkstra, Henk A.

The existence of persistent midlatitude atmospheric flow regimes with time-scales larger than 5–10 days and indications of preferred transitions between them motivates to develop early warning indicators for such regime transitions. In this paper, we use a hemispheric barotropic model together with estimates of transfer operators on a reduced phase space to develop an early warning indicator of the zonal to blocked flow transition in this model. It is shown that the spectrum of the transfer operators can be used to study the slow dynamics of the flow as well as the non-Markovian character of the reduction. The slowest motionsmore » are thereby found to have time scales of three to six weeks and to be associated with meta-stable regimes (and their transitions) which can be detected as almost-invariant sets of the transfer operator. From the energy budget of the model, we are able to explain the meta-stability of the regimes and the existence of preferred transition paths. Even though the model is highly simplified, the skill of the early warning indicator is promising, suggesting that the transfer operator approach can be used in parallel to an operational deterministic model for stochastic prediction or to assess forecast uncertainty.« less

Research to Operations: The Critical Transition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fogarty, Jennifer A.

2009-01-01

Space Life Sciences Directorate (SLSD) specializes in transitioning technology and knowledge to medical operations. This activity encompasses funding a spectrum of research and technology efforts, such as understanding fundamental biological mechanisms altered by microgravity and executing technology watches for state of the art diagnostic imaging equipment. This broad spectrum approach to fulfilling the need to protect crewmember health and performance during long and short duration missions to the International Space Station, moon and Mars is made possible by having a line of site between research and operations. Currently, SLSD's line of site is articulated in a transition to medical practice (TMP) process. This process is designed to shepherd information and knowledge gained through fundamental and mechanistic research toward the development of an operational solution such as a pre-flight selection criteria; an in-flight countermeasure, monitoring capability or treatment; or a post-flight reconditioning program. The TMP process is also designed to assist with the customization of mature hardware or technology for NASA specific use. The benefits of this process are that the concept of operational usability is interjected early in the research, design, or acquisition phase, and stakeholders are involved early to identify requirements and also periodically asked to assess requirements compliance of research or technology development project. Currently a device known as the actiwatch is being assessed for the final transition to operational use. Specific examples of research to operations transition success help to illustrate the process and bolster communication between the research and medical operations communities.

Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) Fuel Cell Transit Buses: Preliminary Evaluation Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandler, K.; Eudy, L.

2007-03-01

This report provides an evaluation of three prototype fuel cell-powered transit buses operating at AC Transit in Oakland, California, and six baseline diesel buses similar in design to the fuel cell buses.

NREL Evaluates Performance of Fast-Charge Electric Buses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2016-09-16

This real-world performance evaluation is designed to enhance understanding of the overall usage and effectiveness of electric buses in transit operation and to provide unbiased technical information to other agencies interested in adding such vehicles to their fleets. Initial results indicate that the electric buses under study offer significant fuel and emissions savings. The final results will help Foothill Transit optimize the energy-saving potential of its transit fleet. NREL's performance evaluations help vehicle manufacturers fine-tune their designs and help fleet managers select fuel-efficient, low-emission vehicles that meet their bottom line and operational goals. help Foothill Transit optimize the energy-saving potentialmore » of its transit fleet. NREL's performance evaluations help vehicle manufacturers fine-tune their designs and help fleet managers select fuel-efficient, low-emission vehicles that meet their bottom line and operational goals.« less

The Applied Meteorology Unit: Nineteen Years Successfully Transitioning Research into Operations for America's Space Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madura, John T.; Bauman, William H.; Merceret, Francis J.; Roeder, William P.; Brody, Frank C.; Hagemeyer, Bartlett C.

2010-01-01

The Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) provides technology transition and technique development to improve operational weather support to the Space Shuttle and the entire American space program. The AMU is funded and managed by NASA and operated by a contractor that provides five meteorologists with a diverse mix of advanced degrees, operational experience, and associated skills including data processing, statistics, and the development of graphical user interfaces. The AMU's primary customers are the U.S. Air Force 45th Weather Squadron at Patrick Air Force Base, the National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group at NASA Johnson Space Center, and the National Weather Service Melbourne FL Forecast Office. The AMU has transitioned research into operations for nineteen years and worked on a wide range of topics, including new forecasting techniques for lightning probability, synoptic peak winds,.convective winds, and summer severe weather; satellite tools to predict anvil cloud trajectories and evaluate camera line of sight for Space Shuttle launch; optimized radar scan strategies; evaluated and implemented local numerical models; evaluated weather sensors; and many more. The AMU has completed 113 projects with 5 more scheduled to be completed by the end of 2010. During this rich history, the AMU and its customers have learned many lessons on how to effectively transition research into operations. Some of these lessons learned include collocating with the operational customer and periodically visiting geographically separated customers, operator submitted projects, consensus tasking process, use of operator primary advocates for each project, customer AMU liaisons with experience in both operations and research, flexibility in adapting the project plan based on lessons learned during the project, and incorporating training and other transition assistance into the project plans. Operator involvement has been critical to the AMU's remarkable success and many awards from NASA, the National Weather Association, and two citations from the Navy's Center of Excellence for Best Manufacturing Practices. This paper will present the AMU's proven methods and explain how they may be applied by other organizations to effectively transition research into operations.

Transition of Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Data Products for Operational Weather Forecasting Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Matthew R.; Molthan, Andrew L.; Fuell, Kevin K.; Jedlovec, Gary J.

2012-01-01

SPoRT is a team of NASA/NOAA scientists focused on demonstrating the utility of NASA and future NOAA data and derived products on improving short-term weather forecasts. Work collaboratively with a suite of unique products and selected WFOs in an end-to-end transition activity. Stable funding from NASA and NOAA. Recognized by the science community as the "go to" place for transitioning experimental and research data to the operational weather community. Endorsed by NWS ESSD/SSD chiefs. Proven paradigm for transitioning satellite observations and modeling capabilities to operations (R2O). SPoRT s transition of NASA satellite instruments provides unique or higher resolution data products to complement the baseline suite of geostationary data available to forecasters. SPoRT s partnership with NWS WFOs provides them with unique imagery to support disaster response and local forecast challenges. SPoRT has years of proven experience in developing and transitioning research products to the operational weather community. SPoRT has begun work with CONUS and OCONUS WFOs to determine the best products for maximum benefit to forecasters. VIIRS has already proven to be another extremely powerful tool, enhancing forecasters ability to handle difficult forecasting situations.

Rapid Transit Car Maintenance Research Needs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-12-01

This report identifies those car maintenance research needs that (in the judgement of the participating rail transit operators and suppliers) would produce results that would be applicable industry wide. Those research products should assist the oper...

Ultrasonic Transit Time Flowmetry in Robotic Totally Endoscopic CABG

PubMed Central

Chaikhouni, Amer; Almulla, Abdulwahid

2011-01-01

Successful use of transit time flowmetry in robotic totally endoscopic coronary bypass operation is reported to demonstrate its applicability and ease of use in evaluating the function of grafts in such operations. PMID:22121466

Travlink Operational Test Evaluation Report; Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-01

">THE OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAVLINK OPERATIONAL TEST WERE TO IMPROVE TRANSIT FLEET MANAGEMENT, IMPROVE THE TIMELINESS AND ACCURACY OF TRAVEL INFORMATION, AND ENCOURAGE TRANSIT RIDERSHIP. THE PROJECT'S CORRIDOR WAS A NEWLY RECONSTRUCTED FREEWAY THAT WAS ...

Safety models incorporating graph theory based transit indicators.

PubMed

Quintero, Liliana; Sayed, Tarek; Wahba, Mohamed M

2013-01-01

There is a considerable need for tools to enable the evaluation of the safety of transit networks at the planning stage. One interesting approach for the planning of public transportation systems is the study of networks. Network techniques involve the analysis of systems by viewing them as a graph composed of a set of vertices (nodes) and edges (links). Once the transport system is visualized as a graph, various network properties can be evaluated based on the relationships between the network elements. Several indicators can be calculated including connectivity, coverage, directness and complexity, among others. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between network-based transit indicators and safety. The study develops macro-level collision prediction models that explicitly incorporate transit physical and operational elements and transit network indicators as explanatory variables. Several macro-level (zonal) collision prediction models were developed using a generalized linear regression technique, assuming a negative binomial error structure. The models were grouped into four main themes: transit infrastructure, transit network topology, transit route design, and transit performance and operations. The safety models showed that collisions were significantly associated with transit network properties such as: connectivity, coverage, overlapping degree and the Local Index of Transit Availability. As well, the models showed a significant relationship between collisions and some transit physical and operational attributes such as the number of routes, frequency of routes, bus density, length of bus and 3+ priority lanes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expert system verification concerns in an operations environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodwin, Mary Ann; Robertson, Charles C.

1987-01-01

The Space Shuttle community is currently developing a number of knowledge-based tools, primarily expert systems, to support Space Shuttle operations. It is proposed that anticipating and responding to the requirements of the operations environment will contribute to a rapid and smooth transition of expert systems from development to operations, and that the requirements for verification are critical to this transition. The paper identifies the requirements of expert systems to be used for flight planning and support and compares them to those of existing procedural software used for flight planning and support. It then explores software engineering concepts and methodology that can be used to satisfy these requirements, to aid the transition from development to operations and to support the operations environment during the lifetime of expert systems. Many of these are similar to those used for procedural hardware.

An operator approach to BRST invariant transition amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabello, Silvio J.; Vaidya, Arvind N.

1994-10-01

The transition amplitudes for the free spinless and spinning relativistic particles are obtained by applying an operator method developed long ago by Dirac and Schwinger to the BFV form of the BRST theory for constrained systems.

Transportation Brokerage Demonstration - Bridgeport, Connecticut.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-04-01

Since August 1978, the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) has been engaged in a test of multimodal transportation brokerage. It is an ambitious effort aimed at revolutionizing the role of a public transit operator in planning and operating a ...

Prototype development and demonstration for integrated dynamic transit operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

This document serves as the Final Report specific to the Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) Prototype Development and Deployment Project, hereafter referred to as IDTO Prototype Deployment or IDTO PD project. This project was performed unde...

Survey of Propulsion Systems for High Capacity Personal Rapid Transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-07-01

The high-capacity personal rapid transit (HCPRT) system must operate with very short headways. To achieve safe operation at these headways, the propulsion system should meet certain unconventional requirements. They include reversible thrust capabili...

Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) Fuel Cell Transit Buses : Evaluation Results Update

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-10-01

In early 2007, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) published a preliminary evaluation results report1 (April through November 2006) on hydrogen fuel cell and diesel buses operating at Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) in ...

National transit summaries and trends for the 1995 National Transit Database report year

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-12-01

The 1995 National Transit Summaries and Trends (NTST) provides an overview of the national mass transit industry. The NTST highlights the aggregate financial and operational characteristics and trends of mass transit for the 5-year period 1991-1995. ...

Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) : Final Technical Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-05-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for rail transit car subsystem reliability information. TRIP provided this assistance through the operation of ...

Passenger reactions to transit safety measures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

Safety and security are important considerations for the transit operator, but few empirical studies exist that measure the effectiveness of measures taken to improve transit safety on either actual crime (or other incident) data or transit passenger...

Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) Phase I Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national reliabil...

Parameter optimization for transitions between memory states in small arrays of Josephson junctions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rezac, Jacob D.; Imam, Neena; Braiman, Yehuda

Coupled arrays of Josephson junctions possess multiple stable zero voltage states. Such states can store information and consequently can be utilized for cryogenic memory applications. Basic memory operations can be implemented by sending a pulse to one of the junctions and studying transitions between the states. In order to be suitable for memory operations, such transitions between the states have to be fast and energy efficient. Here in this article we employed simulated annealing, a stochastic optimization algorithm, to study parameter optimization of array parameters which minimizes times and energies of transitions between specifically chosen states that can be utilizedmore » for memory operations (Read, Write, and Reset). Simulation results show that such transitions occur with access times on the order of 10–100 ps and access energies on the order of 10 -19–5×10 -18 J. Numerical simulations are validated with approximate analytical results.« less

National transit summaries and trends for the 1994 National Transit Database report year

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-04-01

The 1994 National Transit Summaries and Trends (NTST) provides an overview of the national mass transit industry. The NTST highlights the aggregate financial and operational characteristics and trends of mass transit for the 5-year period 1990-1994 a...

Land developer participation in providing for bus transit facilities and operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-03-01

This report provides an overview of the various non-regulatory and regulatory approaches for engaging private sector land developer participation in contributing toward the provision of public bus transit capital facilities and the cost of operations...

Fuel Cell Transit Bus Coordination and Evaluation Plan California Fuel Cell Transit Evaluation Team, DRAFT

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-29

The objective of the DOE/NREL evaluation program is to provide comprehensive, unbiased evaluation results of advanced technology vehicle development and operations, evaluation of hydrogen infrastructure development and operation, and descriptions of ...

Impact assessment of integrated dynamic transit operations : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-02

This document details the impact assessment conducted by the Volpe Center for the Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) prototypedemonstrations in Columbus, Ohio and Central Florida. The prototype is one result of the U.S. Department of Transp...

Impacts Assessment of Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations : Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-02

This document details the impact assessment conducted by the Volpe Center for the Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) prototype demonstrations in Columbus, Ohio and Central Florida. The prototype is one result of the U.S. Department of Trans...

From Research to Operations: Transitioning Noaa's Lake Erie Harmful Algal Bloom Forecast System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kavanaugh, K. E.; Stumpf, R. P.

2016-02-01

A key priority of NOAA's Harmful Algal Bloom Operational Forecast System (HAB-OFS) is to leverage the Ecological Forecasting Roadmap to systematically transition to operations scientifically mature HAB forecasts in regions of the country where there is a strong user need identified and an operational framework can be supported. While in the demonstration phase, the Lake Erie HAB forecast has proven its utility. Over the next two years, NOAA will be transitioning the Lake Erie HAB forecast to operations with an initial operating capability established in the HAB OFS' operational infrastructure by the 2016 bloom season. Blooms of cyanobacteria are a recurring problem in Lake Erie, and the dominant bloom forming species, Microcystis aeruginosa, produces a toxin called microcystin that is poisonous to humans, livestock and pets. Once the toxins have contaminated the source water used for drinking water, it is costly for public water suppliers to remove them. As part of the Lake Erie HAB forecast demonstration, NOAA has provided information regarding the cyanobacterial blooms in a biweekly Experimental HAB Bulletin, which includes information about the current and forecasted distribution, toxicity, potential for vertical mixing or scum formation, mixing of the water column, and predictions of bloom decline. Coastal resource managers, public water suppliers and public health officials use the Experimental HAB Bulletins to respond to and mitigate the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms. The transition to operations will benefit stakeholders through ensuring that future Lake Erie HAB forecast products are sustained, systematic, reliable, and robust. Once operational, the forecasts will continue to be assessed and improvements will be made based on the results of emerging scientific research. In addition, the lessons learned from the Lake Erie transition will be used to streamline the process for future HAB forecasts presently in development.

Transit Project Planning Guidance : Estimation of Transit Supply Parameters

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-04-01

This report discusses techniques applicable to the estimation of transit vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle-hours and vehicle-miles, and other related transit supply parameters. These parameters are used for estimating operating costs and certain ca...

24 CFR 990.225 - Transition determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding § 990.225 Transition determination. The determination of the amount and period of the transition funding shall be based... effect prior to implementation of the formula set forth in this part. The difference in subsidy levels...

24 CFR 990.225 - Transition determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding § 990.225 Transition determination. The determination of the amount and period of the transition funding shall be based... effect prior to implementation of the formula set forth in this part. The difference in subsidy levels...

24 CFR 990.225 - Transition determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding § 990.225 Transition determination. The determination of the amount and period of the transition funding shall be based... effect prior to implementation of the formula set forth in this part. The difference in subsidy levels...

Passenger safety and convenience services in automated guideway transit. Volume 1 : data collection, scenarios, and evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-12-01

In conventional transit operations, vehicle operators and station attendants : have been assigned' secondary roles connected with passenger safety and convenience : services (PS&CS). Giving directions, offering personal assistance to the ill, the : h...

Impacts Assessment of Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations: Evaluation Plan and Addendum

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-01

This document details the process that the Volpe Center intended to follow in evaluating the impacts of the Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) prototype demonstration in Columbus, Ohio and Central Florida. The document also includes the add...

Impact Assessment of Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations Evaluation Plan and Addendum.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-04

This document details the process that the Volpe Center intended to follow in evaluating the impacts of the Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) prototype demonstration in Columbus, Ohio and Central Florida. The document also includes the add...

Community health politics: transition of the Seattle USPHS Hospital.

PubMed Central

Hughes, R G; Tompkins, R K

1984-01-01

To achieve transition of the Seattle US Public Health Service Hospital from federal to local control, the community overcame large obstacles; the most difficult was federal preference for closing the hospital rather than incurring additional costs essential for transition. The Washington State Congressional Delegation, local officials, hospital staff, patients and numerous community volunteers--individuals and private organizations--worked together to save the hospital and secure federal resources for its transition. Going through the transition influenced the hospital as it developed a new corporate structure, designed new administrative systems, and prepared to operate in a new environment while facing an uncertain future. The hospital has continued to cope with issues arising from transition, such as operating in a competitive context while reaffirming its community service heritage. Despite the difficulties of transition, Seattle preserved a valuable community health resource. PMID:6547029

Community health politics: transition of the Seattle USPHS Hospital.

PubMed

Hughes, R G; Tompkins, R K

1984-06-01

To achieve transition of the Seattle US Public Health Service Hospital from federal to local control, the community overcame large obstacles; the most difficult was federal preference for closing the hospital rather than incurring additional costs essential for transition. The Washington State Congressional Delegation, local officials, hospital staff, patients and numerous community volunteers--individuals and private organizations--worked together to save the hospital and secure federal resources for its transition. Going through the transition influenced the hospital as it developed a new corporate structure, designed new administrative systems, and prepared to operate in a new environment while facing an uncertain future. The hospital has continued to cope with issues arising from transition, such as operating in a competitive context while reaffirming its community service heritage. Despite the difficulties of transition, Seattle preserved a valuable community health resource.

Advanced Extremely High Frequency Satellite (AEHF)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

terminals Milstar Backward Compatible Operate with the Milstar system, at all LDR and MDR terminal supported data rates, throughout the Milstar...transition to the AEHF system Operate with the Milstar system, at all LDR and MDR terminal supported data rates, throughout the Milstar...transition to the AEHF system Operate with the Milstar system, at all LDR and MDR terminal supported data rates, throughout the Milstar

Transit Reliability Information Program : PATCO-WMATA Propulsion System Reliability/Productivity Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-10-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national data ban...

Mass transit : bus rapid transit shows promise

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-09-17

The U. S. General Accounting Office (GAO) was asked to (1) examine the federal role in supporting Bus Rapid Transit; (2) compare the capital costs, operating costs, and performance characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit and Light Rail systems; and (3) ...

Hickam Air Force Base Fuel Cell Vehicles : Early Implementation Experience

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

This report describes operations at Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) for three prototype fuel cell buses and six diesel buses operating from the same location. This is the third evaluation report for this site, and it describes new ...

TransitChek in the New York City and Philadelphia Areas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-10-01

This report documents the history and current operation of the TransitCheck : programs in the New York City and Philadelphia areas, evaluates their impacts : on local commuters and operators, and assesses how well they have achieved the : goals of th...

Sharing of track by transit and freight railroads : liability and insurance issues

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-09-21

This report explores the issues of liability and insurance that arise in planning and operating track shared between light rail transit and freight railroads. Shared track operations involve some unique risks, and insurance is used to mitigate or man...

Applications of connected vehicle infrastructure technologies to enhance transit service efficiency and safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-30

Many transit agencies provide real-time operational information and trip-planning tools through phone, Web, and smartphone applications. These services utilize a one-way information flow from transit agencies to transit users. Current smartphone tech...

Agile Port System Transition Support Transition Plan Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-29

Operational Needs addressed • Proposed Solutions • Current Status • Risk • A Business Case for transition • Appropriate Funding Sources • Transition...13  3.1.6  Risk  Table...18  3.2.6  Risk  Table

Exploring how to make system safety work in transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-12-01

The New York Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) and its operating elements, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), Metro-North Commuter Railroad, Long Island Bus (LI Bus), and the Staten Island Rapid Transit ...

Transit Reliability Information Program : Reliability Verification Demonstration Plan for Rapid Rail Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-08-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national Data Ban...

Effects of ITS on transit system cost structures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-10-01

The operation of public transit system has undergone significant changes over the past five decades. In the 1960s, most U.S. transit systems were privately owned and received little federal assistance. Most transit systems in the United States are cu...

Safety review of Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) metrorail operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

A recent series of accidents and incidents at the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) have raised concerns about the Authority's commitment to safety as its top priority. In January 1996, a train operator was killed at an end-of-th...

Analysis of bus collision and non-collision incidents using transit ITS and other archived operations data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

This report analyzes factors contributing to bus operations safety incidents at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland Oregon metropolitan : region. The analysis focuses on 4,631 collision and non-collision incidents that occurred between 2006...

Evaluation of transit operations : data applications of Tri-Met's automated bus dispatching system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-02-01

This paper presents an analysis of operating performance for Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. The analysis draws on data recovered by Tri-Met's automated Bus Dispatching System (BDS) and focuses on two main su...

Small City Transit : Bremerton, Washington : Privately Operated Subscription Bus Service to an Industrial Site

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

Bremerton, Washington, is an illustration of a privately operated, profitmaking subscription bus service. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a...

Instructor guide : managing operating cost for rural and small urban transit systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

The purpose of the workshop is to provide rural and small urban transit managers and staff with tools to analyze, track, predict, and manage operational costs. The workshop will have a beginning and ending general session, and will provide six sessio...

Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF): How Can ARSOF Redirect Efforts in Colombia from Tactical to Operational Level Support Due to the Recent Transition of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Colombianas (FARC)

DTIC Science & Technology

The remodeling of Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) support to Colombian Security Forces during the transition phase of the Revolutionary Armed ...Forces of Colombia needs to be revised at to retain stability in the country. The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Colombianas (Revolutionary Armed

Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Field Evaluations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, Kenneth J; Prohaska, Robert S

This presentation provides information about NREL's real-world evaluations of commercial vehicle technologies, which compare the performance of advanced medium- and heavy-duty fleet vehicles to conventional vehicles. NREL conducts these customized evaluations in partnership with commercial and government fleets across the nation. Current fleet and industry partners include UPS, Workhorse, Parker Hannifin, Proterra, Foothill Transit, Long Beach Transit, BYD, Odyne, Duke Energy, Miami-Dade, TransPower, Eaton, Cummins, Bosch, and Clean Cities/National Clean Fleet Partnership. The presentation focuses on two particular vehicle evaluation projects -- hydraulic hybrid refuse haulers operated by Miami-Dade and electric transit buses operated by Foothill Transit.

Ro-vibronic transition intensities for triatomic molecules from the exact kinetic energy operator; electronic spectrum for the C̃ 1B2 ← X̃ 1A1 transition in SO2.

PubMed

Zak, Emil J; Tennyson, Jonathan

2017-09-07

A procedure for calculating ro-vibronic transition intensities for triatomic molecules within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is reported. Ro-vibrational energy levels and wavefunctions are obtained with the DVR3D suite, which solves the nuclear motion problem with an exact kinetic energy operator. Absolute transition intensities are calculated both with the Franck-Condon approximation and with a full transition dipole moment surface. The theoretical scheme is tested on C̃  1 B 2  ← X̃  1 A 1 ro-vibronic transitions of SO 2 . Ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces are generated for this purpose. The calculated ro-vibronic transition intensities and cross sections are compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.

Feasibility study of shared-ride auto transit. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kocur, G.; Zaelke, D.; Neumann, L.

1977-09-01

The report examines the feasibility of the implementation of shared-ride auto transit (SRAT), which is an innovative approach for increasing auto occupancy in rural and urban areas. The report focuses on operational concepts, potential usage, legal and regulatory issues, and institutional issues. Formulation of the SRAT concept was motivated by several concerns, such as: (1) energy conservation; (2) transit service to areas unable to economically justify conventional transit services, and to travel disadvantaged groups; (3) transit service replacement to achieve greater efficiency and to reduce transit deficits; (4) provision of inexpensive transit service; and (5) the increase of safety andmore » reliability of hitchhiking. Four case study sites (Boulder, Colorado; Boston, Massachusetts; Portland, Oregon; and Tidewater, Virginia), were used to identify the specific institutional issues likely to impact SRAT implementation for that site, and to identify the opportunities for designing, implementing and operating SRAT in a variety of institutional settings.« less

Future Directions for Transit Pricing : Proceedings of the September 1980 Conference on Transit Pricing Innovations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

The purpose of the conference was to provide practical guidance to policy makers and transit operators on improved pricing policies and strategies. Topics covered include: trends and policies in future transit pricing; conventional and paratransit in...

Test Results of the RS-44 Integrated Component Evaluator Liquid Oxygen/ Hydrogen Rocket Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-12

achieved on the same test. Figure 5-1 is a photograph of the RS-44 ICE engine as it achieved mainstage 3 operation on test 87-017-006. Nominal and...engine transition to mainstage main chamber pressure, 3 Igniter operation satisfactory 87-017-004 1.09 Igniter operation / engine Redline cutoff due...ok, transition stage satisfactory, 3 maInstage operation achieved, all other objectives met. 3 I I I -56- 1 CR 194443 Figure 7-22 RS-44 ENGtNE

Energy management guidelines for rail transit systems : volume I. final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-09-01

The cost of electricity is a significant portion of the operating costs of rail transit systems. The impact of increasing energy costs is felt by those systems presently in operation and will be felt by those in the planning or construction phases. B...

An Overview of State Mass Transit Assistance Programs: Financing and Distribution Mechanisms

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-11-01

In FY 1987, thirty states provided a total of approximately $2.5 billion in : state operating assistance to public transit. The level of state operating : assistance ranges from $75,000 in the state of Montanna to $941 million in New : York state. Th...

Automated Guideway Transit System Passenger Security Guidebook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-03-01

This uidebook provides AGT system planners, designers and operators with information on available crime countermeasures and their relative effectiveness against transit crime. : Crime countermeasures on current transit systems have been reviewed and ...

Small City Transit : Westport, Connecticut : Comprehensive Transit Service in an Affluent Suburban Community

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

Westport, Connecticut is an illustration of a fixed-route transit service operating in an affluent suburban community. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed...

The costs of transit fare prepayment programs : a parametric cost analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

Despite the renewed interest in transit fare prepayment plans over the past : 10 years, few transit managers have a clear idea of how much it costs to operate : and maintain a fare prepayment program. This report provides transit managers : with the ...

Small City Transit : East Chicago, Indiana : Free-Fare Transit in a High Density, Industrialized Area

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

East Chicago, Indiana, is an illustration of a free-fare transit service operating in a high density area. The transit service was devised with a minimum of help from professional consultants, and without sophisticated routing, scheduling, or marketi...

Small City Transit : Evansville, Indiana : A Low Subsidy Transit Service

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

Evansville, Indiana, is an illustration of a transit service in which a large percentage of operating costs are obtained from fare-box revenues. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of ...

Public transit risk management : a handbook for public transit executives

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-12-01

Transit is seen by insurers as a risk with high loss potential. Since people are transported in large numbers, a single accident may yield many claims. One solution to this insurance situation that has been employed by transit system operators is to ...

IUS/TUG orbital operations and mission support study. Volume 3: Space tug operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A study was conducted to develop space tug operational concepts and baseline operations plan, and to provide cost estimates for space tug operations. Background data and study results are presented along with a transition phase analysis (the transition from interim upper state to tug operations). A summary is given of the tug operational and interface requirements with emphasis on the on-orbit checkout requirements, external interface operational requirements, safety requirements, and system operational interface requirements. Other topics discussed include reference missions baselined for the tug and details for the mission functional flows and timelines derived for the tug mission, tug subsystems, tug on-orbit operations prior to the tug first burn, spacecraft deployment and retrieval by the tug, operations centers, mission planning, potential problem areas, and cost data.

Oesophageal transit of marshmallow after the Angelchik procedure.

PubMed

Robertson, C S; Smart, H; Amar, S S; Morris, D L

1989-03-01

The oesophageal transit time of half a marshmallow was measured radiologically in 17 controls, 28 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux pre-operatively, 36 patients soon after implantation of the Angelchik prosthesis (2-9 weeks) and in 23 patients later postoperatively (9-48 months). Sixteen postoperative patients also underwent oesophageal manometry. All control and pre-operative patients had a marshmallow transit time of less than 1 min; 67 per cent of the early postoperative patients had prolonged transit and 70 per cent of the late tests were similarly abnormal. Prolonged oesophageal transit as measured by marshmallow swallow correlated well with symptoms of solid food dysphagia. Most, but not all, patients with an abnormal marshmallow swallow had abnormal manometric findings. The oesophageal transit of solid food is significantly slowed after the Angelchik procedure and this is not a transient postoperative phenomenon.

The Applied Meteorology Unit: Nineteen Years Successfully Transitioning Research Into Operations for America's Space Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madura, John T.; Bauman, William H., III; Merceret, Francis J.; Roeder, William P.; Brody, Frank C.; Hagemeyer, Bartlett C.

2011-01-01

The Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) provides technology development and transition services to improve operational weather support to America's space program . The AMU was founded in 1991 and operates under a triagency Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States Air Force (USAF) and the National Weather Service (NWS) (Ernst and Merceret, 1995). It is colocated with the 45th Weather Squadron (45WS) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) and funded by the Space Shuttle Program . Its primary customers are the 45WS, the Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) operated for NASA by the NWS at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, TX, and the NWS forecast office in Melbourne, FL (MLB). The gap between research and operations is well known. All too frequently, the process of transitioning research to operations fails for various reasons. The mission of the AMU is in essence to bridge this gap for America's space program.

Q-switched dual-wavelength pumped 3.5-μm erbium-doped mid-Infrared fiber laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bawden, Nathaniel; Matsukuma, Hiraku; Henderson-Sapir, Ori; Klantsataya, Elizaveta; Tokita, Shigeki; Ottaway, David J.

2018-02-01

Short pulse operation of fiber lasers operating at wavelengths up 3 micron have been reported in recent years. At longer wavelengths, fiber lasers have only been demonstrated with a continuous operation mode. Short pulse operation in the mid-IR is necessary for utilizing such lasers in laser radars and for medical applications. Our previous numerical work suggested that Q-switching is possible on the 3.5 μm transition in erbium-doped ZBLAN in a similar manner to work demonstrated on the 2.8 μm transition in erbium. In this work we report on initial experimental results of a Q-switched, dualwavelength pumped fiber laser operating on the 3.5 μm transition in erbium-doped ZBLAN glass fibers. Using a hybrid fiber and open resonator configuration utilizing an acousto-optic modulator we demonstrated stable single pulse Q-switching while operating at repetition rates of 20 kHz and up to 120 kHz. The laser achieved a peak power of 8 W with pulse energy of 7 μJ while operating at 25 kHz. Long pulse widths on the order of 1 μs were obtained. The low peak power and long pulses are likely the result of both low gain of the transition and additional losses in the resonator which are currently being investigated. Our latest results will be presented.

Automated and connected vehicle (AV/CV) test bed to improve transit, bicycle, and pedestrian safety : concept of operations plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

This document presents the Concept of Operations (ConOps) Plan for the Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/CV) Test Bed to Improve Transit, Bicycle, and Pedestrian Safety. As illustrated in Figure 1, the plan presents the overarching vision and goals...

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and San Mateo County Transit District Fuel Cell Transit Buses : Evaluation Results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-11-23

This report provides evaluation results for prototype fuel cell transit buses operating at Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) in San Jose, California. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) in San Carlos, California, is a partner...

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and San Mateo County Transit District Fuel Cell Transit Buses : Preliminary Evaluation Results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-03-23

This report provides preliminary results from an evaluation of prototype fuel cell transit buses operating at Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) in San Jose, California. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) in San Carlos, Calif...

Reducing transit bus emissions: Alternative fuels or traffic operations?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alam, Ahsan; Hatzopoulou, Marianne

2014-06-01

In this study, we simulated the operations and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of transit buses along a busy corridor and quantified the effects of two different fuels (conventional diesel and compressed natural gas) as well as a set of driving conditions on emissions. Results indicate that compressed natural gas (CNG) reduces GHG emissions by 8-12% compared to conventional diesel, this reduction could increase to 16% with high levels of traffic congestion. However, the benefits of switching from conventional diesel to CNG are less apparent when the road network is uncongested. We also investigated the effects of bus operations on emissions by applying several strategies such as transit signal priority (TSP), queue jumper lanes, and relocation of bus stops. Results show that in congested conditions, TSP alone can reduce GHG emissions by 14% and when combined with improved technology; a reduction of 23% is achieved. The reduction benefits are even more apparent when other transit operational improvements are combined with TSP. Finally a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the effect of operational improvements on emissions under varying levels of network congestion. We observe that under “extreme congestion”, the benefits of TSP decrease.

Mess in mass transit: though demand is up, the service is down

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-07-16

Mass transit systems (bus and rail), in poor mechanical and physical condition, are facing an economic crisis. Most industries that had been constructing new rail or bus equipment have now quit production completely or nearly so. San Diego is buying trolleys for its 16-mile line to the Mexican border, on which construction will begin in late 1979, from a West German supplier. The background of how the US got into this situation is reviewed. American's love affair with the automobile put the transit systems in financial trouble with poor ridership, and now the companies are afraid to reconstruct, thinking perhapsmore » Americans will revert to the automobile if gasoline again becomes plentiful. As the US attempts to remedy the transit situation, there should be a burden sharing between local and Federal governments. Local transit authorities should carry the operating costs, but even if they are heavily traveled, fares meet only 48% of operating costs. Therefore, communities will have to find ways to raise money in order to keep the systems running. The Carter Administration did not seize on mass transit as a means of conserving gasoline, but President Carter did say that part of the windfall tax on oil companies would be set aside for mass transport. But some progress is noted: Baltimore is digging its first subway; Buffalo began construction of a 6.5-mile subway and elevated-transit system; and Atlanta put into operation the first 6.7-mile segment of MARTA. Improvisions in many cities are noted, such as, leasing commercial buses and pressing school buses into operation. (MCW)« less

Rail Transit Fare Collection : Policy and Technology Assessment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-12-01

In an attempt to resolve reliability problems, lower operation and maintenance costs, and simplify fare collection, transit authorities are focusing on their fare collection systems. Many transit properties have existing fare collection systems which...

Small City Transit Characteristics : an Overview

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

The report is based on information and operating data from thirteen small community transit systems which were studied as part of a larger project on small community transit and its potential. It summarizes organizational, institutional, and operatio...

Financial Planning in Transit : Use of Commercially Available Microcomputer Software

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-11-01

This report addresses the potential of using commercially available microcomputer software for transit financial planning activities. Discussions with transit operators identified the need for inexpensive, easy to use software for ridership and fare ...

Rural transit ITS best practices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

The overall objective of this Best Practices in Rural Transit ITS project was to identify operational best practices and related technology for applying ITS to rural transit. The project team assembled information gathered through case studies to pro...

Spin dependence of intra-ground-state-band E2 transitions in the SU(3) limit of the sdg interacting boson model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Long, G. L.; Ji, H. Y.

1998-04-01

B(E2, L+2-->L) transitions in the sdg interacting boson model SU(3) limit are studied with a general E2 transition operator. Analytical expressions are obtained using a group theoretic method. It is found that when using transition operators of the form (d†g~+g†d~)2 or (g†g~)2, the B(E2, L+2-->L) values in the ground-state band have an L(L+3) dependent term. As L increases, the B(E2) values can be larger than the rigid rotor model value. Application to 236,238U is discussed.

It's Time to Transition to Production, Now What?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jansma, P. A.; Montgomery, Marc; Werntz, David; Payne, Michael

1999-01-01

When it's time to transition to production, it's easy to be too focused on the application itself and to overlook some areas crucial to your success. Learn about the 10 transition tasks that will ensure a smooth transition, and will prepare your organization to operate and use your system effectively.

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-11

This past year has been one of transition for the introduction of fuel cell transit buses. The existing generation of fuel cell buses from Van Hool and UTC Power has continued to operate in service at three transit agencies. At the same time, a new g...

Small City Transit : Amherst, Massachusetts : Free-Fare, Student Operated Transit in a University Community

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-03-01

Amherst, Massachusetts, is an illustration of a free-fare transit service serving a university campus. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a de...

36 CFR 1192.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 1192.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and systems, sometimes called “people movers”, operated in... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automated guideway transit...

36 CFR 1192.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 1192.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and systems, sometimes called “people movers”, operated in... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automated guideway transit...

36 CFR § 1192.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 1192.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and systems, sometimes called “people movers”, operated in... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Automated guideway transit...

36 CFR 1192.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 1192.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and systems, sometimes called “people movers”, operated in... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automated guideway transit...

36 CFR 1192.173 - Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Other Vehicles and Systems § 1192.173 Automated guideway transit vehicles and systems. (a) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles and systems, sometimes called “people movers”, operated in... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automated guideway transit...

Quantum phases with differing computational power.

PubMed

Cui, Jian; Gu, Mile; Kwek, Leong Chuan; Santos, Marcelo França; Fan, Heng; Vedral, Vlatko

2012-05-01

The observation that concepts from quantum information has generated many alternative indicators of quantum phase transitions hints that quantum phase transitions possess operational significance with respect to the processing of quantum information. Yet, studies on whether such transitions lead to quantum phases that differ in their capacity to process information remain limited. Here we show that there exist quantum phase transitions that cause a distinct qualitative change in our ability to simulate certain quantum systems under perturbation of an external field by local operations and classical communication. In particular, we show that in certain quantum phases of the XY model, adiabatic perturbations of the external magnetic field can be simulated by local spin operations, whereas the resulting effect within other phases results in coherent non-local interactions. We discuss the potential implications to adiabatic quantum computation, where a computational advantage exists only when adiabatic perturbation results in coherent multi-body interactions.

Answering Aggregation Questions in Contingency Valuation of Rural Transit Benefits

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-08-01

While the qualitative benefits of transit are relatively well known, quantifying the benefits of transit is still a developing methodology. Quantifying benefits offers improved operational management and planning as well as better information for pol...

Transit grants : need for improved predictability, data, and monitoring in application processing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-08-01

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides states, local and regional transportation providers, and others with grants for the construction, acquisition, improvement, and operation of transit systems and projects through a variety of programs....

Potential Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions from Optimizing Urban Transit Networks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

Public transit systems with efficient designs and operating plans can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to low-occupancy transportation modes, but many current transit systems have not been designed to reduce environmental impacts. This ...

Nuclear structure properties of the double-charge-exchange transition amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Auerbach, N.; Zheng, D. C.

1992-03-01

Nuclear structure aspects of the double-charge-exchange (DCX) reaction on nuclei are studied. Using a variety of DCX-type two-body transition operators, we explore the influence of two-body correlations among valence nucleons on the DCX transition amplitudes to the isobaric analog state and to other nonanalog J π=0+ states. In particular, the question of the spin dependence and of the range of the DCX transition operators is explored and the behavior of the transition amplitudes as a function of the valence nucleon number is studied. It is shown that the two-amplitude DCX formula derived by Auerbach, Gibbs, and Piasetzky for a single j n configuration holds also in some cases when configuration mixing is strong. DCX-type transitions from the Ca and Ni isotopes to the Ti and Zn isotopes and from 56Fe to 56Ni are the subject of this study.

A Study of Operator and Mechnaic Training Needs in the Transit Industry. Volume II, Appendices. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Harold L.; And Others

Surveys of 188 transit properties and on-site visits were conducted to determine the training needs of operators and mechanics in the urban mass transportation industry. The appendices include listings of respondents and sample copies of the survey questionnaires and visit reports. (NTIS)

The Arctic: The Physical Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

27 4.1.1 Operational Assessment of Canadian Intra- Archipelagic Transit...4.1.1 Operational Assessment of Canadian Intra- Archipelagic Transit Distances When one assesses the routes maritime forces will have to...Defense. (2001). Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. JP 1-02. Washington, D.C.: Joint Doctrine Division. p.156. 234 T. Gongora. The Meaning

Contriving Transitive Conditioned Establishing Operations to Establish Derived Manding Skills in Adults with Severe Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosales, Rocio; Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate derived manding skills in 2 adults with severe developmental disabilities and language deficits by contriving transitive conditioned establishing operations. Specifically, we evaluated whether a history of reinforced conditional discrimination learning would ultimately result in a derived mand…

The NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center: A Collaborative Model for Accelerating Research into Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodman, S. J.; Lapenta, W.; Jedlovec, G.; Dodge, J.; Bradshaw, T.

2003-01-01

The NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center in Huntsville, Alabama was created to accelerate the infusion of NASA earth science observations, data assimilation and modeling research into NWS forecast operations and decision-making. The principal focus of experimental products is on the regional scale with an emphasis on forecast improvements on a time scale of 0-24 hours. The SPoRT Center research is aligned with the regional prediction objectives of the US Weather Research Program dealing with 0-1 day forecast issues ranging from convective initiation to 24-hr quantitative precipitation forecasting. The SPoRT Center, together with its other interagency partners, universities, and the NASA/NOAA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, provides a means and a process to effectively transition NASA Earth Science Enterprise observations and technology to National Weather Service operations and decision makers at both the global/national and regional scales. This paper describes the process for the transition of experimental products into forecast operations, current products undergoing assessment by forecasters, and plans for the future.

Geomechanical Assessments of Simultaneous Operation in the Case of Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mine in Vietnam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niedbalski, Zbigniew; Nguyen, Phu Minh Vuong; Widzyk-Capehart, Eleonora

2018-03-01

Nowadays, for a number of reasons, many open pit mines are considering a transition from Open Pit (OP) to Underground (UG) to remain competitive. In OP-UG transition, UG operation is operated simultaneously with the OP operation for a certain period of time. Guidelines for the simultaneous operation of OP and UG are very difficult to establish, as there are very few case studies available. Yet, because of the OP-UG interactions; the operation has a higher safety, technical and management requirements than the OP or UG methods when considered separately. In Vietnam, Cao Son is one of many OP mines, which decided to change the operational system from OP to UG. Simultaneous operation started in 2015 and will be conducted until 2030 when the OP mine Cao Son ends its mining activities. In this paper, selected geomechanical considerations of the simultaneous operation are presented. A number of numerical modelling calculations using finitedifference software with code FLAC were carried out for calibration process, slope stability analysis and the OP-UG interaction analysis for the Cao Son - Khe Cham II-IV mine. Based on the results obtained from numerical modelling, the geomechanical assessments of simultaneous operation Cao Son - Khe Cham II-IV are discussed in this paper.

Software Transition Project Retrospectives and the Application of SEL Effort Estimation Model and Boehm's COCOMO to Complex Software Transition Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McNeill, Justin

1995-01-01

The Multimission Image Processing Subsystem (MIPS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has managed transitions of application software sets from one operating system and hardware platform to multiple operating systems and hardware platforms. As a part of these transitions, cost estimates were generated from the personal experience of in-house developers and managers to calculate the total effort required for such projects. Productivity measures have been collected for two such transitions, one very large and the other relatively small in terms of source lines of code. These estimates used a cost estimation model similar to the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) Effort Estimation Model. Experience in transitioning software within JPL MIPS have uncovered a high incidence of interface complexity. Interfaces, both internal and external to individual software applications, have contributed to software transition project complexity, and thus to scheduling difficulties and larger than anticipated design work on software to be ported.

Analogous Gamow-Teller and M1 Transitions in Tz = ±½ Mirror Nuclei and in Tz = ±1, 0 Triplet Nuclei relevant to Low-energy Super GT state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujita, Yoshitaka; Fujita, Hirohiko; Tanumura, Yusuke

2018-05-01

Nuclei have spin- and isospin-degrees of freedom. Therefore, Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions caused by the στ operator (spin-isospin operator) are unique tools for the studies of nuclear structure as well as nuclear interactions. They can be studied in β decays as well as charge-exchange (CE) reactions. Similarly, M1 γ decays are mainly caused by the στ operator. Combined studies of these transitions caused by Weak, Strong, and Electro-Magnetic interactions provide us a deeper understanding of nuclear spin-isospin-type transitions. We first compare the strengths of analogous GT and M1 transitions in the A = 27, Tz = ±½ mirror nuclei 27Al and 27Si. The comparison is extended to the Tz = ±1, 0 nuclei. The strength of GT transition from the ground state (g.s.) of 42Ca to the 0.611 MeV first Jπ = 1+ state in 42Sc is compared with that of the analogous M1 transition from the 0.611 MeV state to the T = 1, 0+ g.s. (isobaric analog state: IAS) in 42Sc. The 0.611 MeV state has the property of Low-energy Super GT (LeSGT) state, because it carries the main part of the GT strength of all available transitions from the g.s. of 42Ca (and 42Ti) to the Jπ = 1+ GT states in 42Sc.

Transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services in the Republic of Ireland: an investigation of process and operational practice.

PubMed

McNamara, Niamh; McNicholas, Fiona; Ford, Tamsin; Paul, Moli; Gavin, Blanaid; Coyne, Imelda; Cullen, Walter; O'Connor, Karen; Ramperti, Nicolas; Dooley, Barbara; Barry, Siobhan; Singh, Swaran P

2014-08-01

Ensuring a seamless transition from child to adult mental health services poses challenges for services worldwide. This is an important process in the ongoing care of young people with mental illness; therefore, it is incumbent on all countries to probe their individual structures to assess the quality of mental health service delivery to this vulnerable cohort. To date, there have been no published studies on the transition from Child to Adult Mental Health Services in the Republic of Ireland. To this end, a nationwide survey of transition policies of community mental health teams in both services was conducted in order to compare best practice guidelines for transition with current process and experience in clinical practice. Structured interviews were conducted with 57 consultant psychiatrists (representing 32 CAMHS teams and 25 AMHS teams) to obtain information on annual transition numbers, existing transition policies and operational practice from the professional perspective. Numbers of young people considered suitable for transfer to adult services (M = 7.73, SD = 9.86, n = 25) were slightly higher than numbers who actually transferred (M = 4.50, SD = 3.33, n = 20). There is a lack of standardized practice nationwide regarding the service transition boundary, an absence of written transition policies and protocols, and minimal formal interaction between child and adult services. The findings suggest that there are critical gaps between current operational practice and best practice guidelines. Future studies will investigate the impact this has on the transition experiences of young people, their carers and health-care professionals. © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Light Rail Transit Car Specification Guide

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-12-01

This Light Rail Transit Car Specification Guide is not a procurement document in itself. It is intended to be used as a guide by light rail transit operators and purchasers of such equipment in the preparation of technical specifications. Because of ...

Inductive Interference in Rapid Transit Signaling Systems. Volume 1. Theory and Background.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-05-01

This report describes the mechanism of inductive interference to audio frequency (AF) signaling systems used in rail transit operations, caused by rail transit vehicles with chopper propulsion control. Choppers are switching circuits composed of high...

Global Transportation Network : the heart of in-transit visibility

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-03-01

The Persian Gulf War highlighted problems concerning in-transit visibility (ITV). The lack of in-transit visibility resulted in over 20,000 of 40,000 containers entering the theater of operations being opened, inventoried, resealed, and shipped back ...

A desire named streetcar : fantasy and fact in rail transit planning

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-06-30

The forecasts that led local officials in eight U.S. cities to advocate rail transit projects over competing, less capital-intensive options grossly overestimated rail transit ridership and underestimated rail construction costs and operating expense...

SMART operational field test evaluation : public support for bus transit in tri-county area of southeastern Michigan : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

Despite ever-decreasing public transit rider-ship in the U.S., public transit continues to enjoy moderate to high amounts of public support, meaning that the public continues to support public expenditures on transit. Indeed, since the 1970s some tra...

The Transition of NASA EOS Datasets to WFO Operations: A Model for Future Technology Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darden, C.; Burks, J.; Jedlovec, G.; Haines, S.

2007-01-01

The collocation of a National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office with atmospheric scientists from NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama has afforded a unique opportunity for science sharing and technology transfer. Specifically, the NWS office in Huntsville has interacted closely with research scientists within the SPORT (Short-term Prediction and Research and Transition) Center at MSFC. One significant technology transfer that has reaped dividends is the transition of unique NASA EOS polar orbiting datasets into NWS field operations. NWS forecasters primarily rely on the AWIPS (Advanced Weather Information and Processing System) decision support system for their day to day forecast and warning decision making. Unfortunately, the transition of data from operational polar orbiters or low inclination orbiting satellites into AWIPS has been relatively slow due to a variety of reasons. The ability to integrate these high resolution NASA datasets into operations has yielded several benefits. The MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer ) instrument flying on the Aqua and Terra satellites provides a broad spectrum of multispectral observations at resolutions as fine as 250m. Forecasters routinely utilize these datasets to locate fine lines, boundaries, smoke plumes, locations of fog or haze fields, and other mesoscale features. In addition, these important datasets have been transitioned to other WFOs for a variety of local uses. For instance, WFO Great Falls Montana utilizes the MODIS snow cover product for hydrologic planning purposes while several coastal offices utilize the output from the MODIS and AMSR-E instruments to supplement observations in the data sparse regions of the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic. In the short term, these datasets have benefited local WFOs in a variety of ways. In the longer term, the process by which these unique datasets were successfully transitioned to operations will benefit the planning and implementation of products and datasets derived from both NPP and NPOESS. This presentation will provide a brief overview of current WFO usage of satellite data, the transition of datasets between SPORT and the N W S , and lessons learned for future transition efforts.

Effect of In-Vehicle Audio Warning System on Driver’s Speed Control Performance in Transition Zones from Rural Areas to Urban Areas

PubMed Central

Yan, Xuedong; Wang, Jiali; Wu, Jiawei

2016-01-01

Speeding is a major contributing factor to traffic crashes and frequently happens in areas where there is a mutation in speed limits, such as the transition zones that connect urban areas from rural areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of an in-vehicle audio warning system and lit speed limit sign on preventing drivers’ speeding behavior in transition zones. A high-fidelity driving simulator was used to establish a roadway network with the transition zone. A total of 41 participants were recruited for this experiment, and the driving speed performance data were collected from the simulator. The experimental results display that the implementation of the audio warning system could significantly reduce drivers’ operating speed before they entered the urban area, while the lit speed limit sign had a minimal effect on improving the drivers’ speed control performance. Without consideration of different types of speed limit signs, it is found that male drivers generally had a higher operating speed both upstream and in the transition zones and have a larger maximum deceleration for speed reduction than female drivers. Moreover, the drivers who had medium-level driving experience had the higher operating speed and were more likely to have speeding behaviors in the transition zones than those who had low-level and high-level driving experience in the transition zones. PMID:27347990

Dual-Mode Operation of an Optical Lattice Clock Using Strontium and Ytterbium Atoms.

PubMed

Akamatsu, Daisuke; Kobayashi, Takumi; Hisai, Yusuke; Tanabe, Takehiko; Hosaka, Kazumoto; Yasuda, Masami; Hong, Feng-Lei

2018-06-01

We have developed an optical lattice clock that can operate in dual modes: a strontium (Sr) clock mode and an ytterbium (Yb) clock mode. Dual-mode operation of the Sr-Yb optical lattice clock is achieved by alternately cooling and trapping 87 Sr and 171 Yb atoms inside the vacuum chamber of the clock. Optical lattices for Sr and Yb atoms were arranged with horizontal and vertical configurations, respectively, resulting in a small distance of the order of between the trapped Sr and Yb atoms. The 1 S 0 - 3 P 0 clock transitions in the trapped atoms were interrogated in turn and the clock lasers were stabilized to the transitions. We demonstrated the frequency ratio measurement of the Sr and Yb clock transitions by using the dual-mode operation of the Sr-Yb optical lattice clock. The dual-mode operation can reduce the uncertainty of the blackbody radiation shift in the frequency ratio measurement, because both Sr and Yb atoms share the same blackbody radiation.

Improving the Transition of Earth Satellite Observations from Research to Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodman, Steven J.; Lapenta, William M.; Jedlovec, Gary J.

2004-01-01

There are significant gaps between the observations, models, and decision support tools that make use of new data. These challenges include: 1) Decreasing the time to incorporate new satellite data into operational forecast assimilation systems, 2) Blending in-situ and satellite observing systems to produce the most accurate and comprehensive data products and assessments, 3) Accelerating the transition from research to applications through national test beds, field campaigns, and pilot demonstrations, and 4) Developing the partnerships and organizational structures to effectively transition new technology into operations. At the Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPORT) Center in Huntsville, Alabama, a NASA-NOAA-University collaboration has been developed to accelerate the infusion of NASA Earth science observations, data assimilation and modeling research into NWS forecast operations and decision-making. The SPoRT Center research focus is to improve forecasts through new observation capability and the regional prediction objectives of the US Weather Research Program dealing with 0-1 day forecast issues such as convective initiation and 24-hr quantitative precipitation forecasting. The near real-time availability of high-resolution experimental products of the atmosphere, land, and ocean from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Advanced Infrared Spectroradiometer (AIRS), and lightning mapping systems provide an opportunity for science and algorithm risk reduction, and for application assessment prior to planned observations from the next generation of operational low Earth orbiting and geostationary Earth orbiting satellites. This paper describes the process for the transition of experimental products into forecast operations, current products undergoing assessment by forecasters, and plans for the future. The SPoRT Web page is at (http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/sport).

Transitional to Formal Operational: Using Authentic Research Experiences to Get Non-Science Students to Think More Like Scientists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, J. Christopher

2012-01-01

University and high school students not pursuing a science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM) course of study demonstrate less developed scientific reasoning than their STEM-based peers. Previous studies show that the majority of non-STEM students can be classified as either concrete operational or transitional reasoners in…

33 CFR 165.110 - Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...; Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Transits and Anchorage Operations, Boston, Massachusetts. 165.110 Section 165... Limited Access Areas First Coast Guard District § 165.110 Safety and Security Zone; Liquefied Natural Gas... ahead and one mile astern, and 500 yards on each side of any liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) vessel...

32 CFR Appendix B to Part 77 - DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration B Appendix B to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY SERVICE Pt. 77, App. B Appendix B...

32 CFR Appendix B to Part 77 - DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false DD Form 2581, Operation Transition Employer Registration B Appendix B to Part 77 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY SERVICE Pt. 77, App. B Appendix B...

A Study of Operator and Mechanic Training Needs in the Transit Industry. Volume I, Findings and Conclusions. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Harold L.; And Others

Surveys of 188 transit properties and on-site visits were conducted to determine training needs of operators and mechanics in the urban mass transportation industry. Volume I presents findings and conclusions of the study with reference to survey methodology, site visit interviews and observations, questionnaire results, and specific…

77 FR 57184 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for a Light Rail Operations and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

... maintenance and storage needs of an expanded fleet of light rail vehicles identified in the Sound Transit 2... Environmental Impact Statement for a Light Rail Operations and Maintenance Satellite Facility, King and... planning to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Sound Transit's proposed new Light Rail...

Short-range transit planning : current practice and a proposed framework

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-06-01

The research described in this report explored the service and operations : planning process in the transit industry in a two-phase approach. In the first : phase a detailed assessment of current short range transit planning practice was : undertaken...

SunLine Transit Agency Hydrogen-Powered Transit Buses : Evaluation Results Update

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-10-01

In early 2007, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) published a preliminary evaluation results report (January 2006 through November 2006) on hydrogen- and CNG-fueled buses operating at SunLine Transit Agency (SunLine) in Thousand Palms, C...

National survey of US public transit agency experience with and response to extreme weather events.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-01

Extreme weather events pose serious challenges public transit systems. They disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. This report presents findings from a June 2016 national surv...

System Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : Discrete Event Simulation Model Programmer's Manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-07-01

In order to examine specific automated guideway transit (AGT) developments and concepts, UMTA undertook a program of studies and technology investigations called Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objectives of one segment of t...

Systems Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : System Availability Model Programmer's Manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-07-01

In order to examine specific automated guideway transit (AGT) developments and concepts, UMTA undertook a program of studies and technology investigations called Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objectives of one segment of t...

Data tables for the 1994 National Transit Database report year

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

The Data Tables For the 1994 National Transit Database Report Year is one of three publications also referred to as the National Transit Databse Reporting System. The report provides detailed summaries of financial and operating data submitted to FTA...

Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect: Calculation of fine structure spectrum, isotope shift and Zeeman behavior at deep center Ni2+ in CdS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schoepp, Juergen

The internal transition of the deep center Ni2+ in II to IV semiconductor cadmium sulfide is examined with reference to crystal field theory. An algorithm was developed for calculation, in a basis fitted to trigonal symmetry, of fine structure operator matrix which is made of the sum of operators from spin trajectory coupling, trigonal field and electron phonon coupling. The dependence of energy level on the mass was calculated in order to examine the isotropy effect at Ni2+ transition. The mass dependence of phonon energy was estimated in an atomic cluster by using a valence force model from Keating for elastic energy. The Zeeman behavior of Ni2+ transition was examined for magnetic fields; the Zeeman operator was added to the fine structure operator and the resulting matrix was diagonalized. It is noticed that calculations are quantitatively and qualitatively in agreement with experiments.

Testing of the NASA Hypersonics Project Combined Cycle Engine Large Scale Inlet Mode Transition Experiment (CCE LlMX)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saunders, J. D.; Stueber, T. J.; Thomas, S. R.; Suder, K. L.; Weir, L. J.; Sanders, B. W.

2012-01-01

Status on an effort to develop Turbine Based Combined Cycle (TBCC) propulsion is described. This propulsion technology can enable reliable and reusable space launch systems. TBCC propulsion offers improved performance and safety over rocket propulsion. The potential to realize aircraft-like operations and reduced maintenance are additional benefits. Among most the critical TBCC enabling technologies are: 1) mode transition from turbine to scramjet propulsion, 2) high Mach turbine engines and 3) TBCC integration. To address these TBCC challenges, the effort is centered on a propulsion mode transition experiment and includes analytical research. The test program, the Combined-Cycle Engine Large Scale Inlet Mode Transition Experiment (CCE LIMX), was conceived to integrate TBCC propulsion with proposed hypersonic vehicles. The goals address: (1) dual inlet operability and performance, (2) mode-transition sequences enabling a switch between turbine and scramjet flow paths, and (3) turbine engine transients during transition. Four test phases are planned from which a database can be used to both validate design and analysis codes and characterize operability and integration issues for TBCC propulsion. In this paper we discuss the research objectives, features of the CCE hardware and test plans, and status of the parametric inlet characterization testing which began in 2011. This effort is sponsored by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Hypersonics project

Effective field theory, electric dipole moments and electroweak baryogenesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balazs, Csaba; White, Graham; Yue, Jason

2017-03-01

Negative searches for permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) heavily constrain models of baryogenesis utilising various higher dimensional charge and parity violating (CPV) operators. Using effective field theory, we create a model independent connection between these EDM constraints and the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) produced during a strongly first order electroweak phase transition. The thermal aspects of the high scale physics driving the phase transition are paramaterised by the usual kink solution for the bubble wall profile. We find that operators involving derivatives of the Higgs field yield CPV contributions to the BAU containing derivatives of the Higgs vacuum expectation value (vev), while non-derivative operators lack such contributions. Consequently, derivative operators cannot be eliminated in terms of non-derivative operators (via the equations of motion) if one is agnostic to the new physics that leads to the phase transition. Thus, we re-classify the independent dimension six operators, restricting ourselves to third generation quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs. Finally, we calculate the BAU (as a function of the bubble wall width and the cutoff) for a derivative and a non-derivative operator, and relate it to the EDM constraints.

Reduction of Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue in Mass Transit Rail Operators.

PubMed

Haynes, Ajeenah L

2017-08-01

Sleep and work schedules differ considerably between rail workers and the broader U.S. workforce. Due to extended work hours and night shift schedules, train and engine service workers who operate passenger trains or move freight are most vulnerable to fatigue. This article addresses the need for comprehensive fatigue risk management systems (FRMS) for rail operators. Using a transactional ergonomic perspective, FRMS are discussed with a focus on fatigue education and administrative controls to reduce feelings of tiredness, low motivation, poor concentration, and low physical activity among mass transit rail operators. Recommendations for intervention implementation and evaluation are provided.

Best practices for using geographic data in transit : a location referencing guidebook : defining geographic locations of bus stops, routes and other map data for ITS, GIS and operational efficiencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-04-01

This Guidebook was developed at the request of the transit industry. It provides best practices for both transit managers and technical staff with respect to planning, implementing and using geographic data in transit. The Guidebook discusses issues ...

BC Transit Fuel Cell Bus Project Evaluation Results : Second Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

Beginning in 2009, British Columbia Transit (BC Transit) led a project to conduct a 5-year demonstration of 20 fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) in Whistler, Canada. The FCEB fleet was introduced during the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and operated throug...

Minority Business Participation in Public/Private Partnerships: A Manual on Joint Development

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-02-01

The promotion of commercial real estate development projects in and adjacent to transit facilities as a means of generating additional revenues to defray part of local transit agency operating costs also known as transit-related real estate developme...

Analysis of transit contracting models and proper incentives for long-term success : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

In many locales, transit budgets are beng tightened, and transit systems are being challenged to operate more costeffectively. At the same time, demand for services is increasing. This has renewed interest in contracting fixed route service. Howev...

U.S. Transit Track Restraining Rail. Volume II : Guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-12-01

This report covers a study of restraining rails in transit track, which is part of the current research program of UMTA and was initiated: (1) to assist in the analysis, design, and maintenance and operation of transit track; (2) to compile guideline...

Building professional capacity in ITS : assessment of ITS training and education needs : the transit perspective

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-04-01

If there are to be successful deployments of new technologies by transit operators, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) recognizes a great need exists for further professional development. This consists of enhancing the knowledge and skills base...

National transit summaries and data trends from the 1993 National Transit Database section 15 report year

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-05-01

This report provides a summary on the state of the national mass transit industry by highlighting aggregate financial and operational characteristics and trend information for key statistics and performance indicators. These aggregate data represent ...

Noise Assessment of the New York City Rail Rapid Transit System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

The report describes the noise climate on and near the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) urban rail system, including the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority (SIRTOA). Noise level data is also presented for the Port Authority Trans-...

Back Disorder Intervention Strategies for Mass Transit Operators Exposed to Whole-Body VIBRATION—COMPARISON of Two Transit System Approaches and Practices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johanning, E.

1998-08-01

Occupational long-term whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recognized as a major risk factor for low back disorders, one of the most important reasons for medical impairment and early permanent disability among mass transit operators. Although no firm health and safety vibration exposure threshold limits have been established, the available data suggests that rail vehicle operators would probably fall under the proposed WBV “action levels” of the EU directive provisions for protection from physical hazards. This provision calls for technical, administrative and medical controls. This paper examines and compares the current conditions, provisions and plans of two major mass transit systems, the New Yorker MTA and the Munich MVV. The available data, information and publications (English/German) on working conditions, vibration exposure, epidemiology and intervention strategies (primary and secondary prevention) for rail bound mass transit workers were reviewed. Results strongly suggest that the MTA transit system has currently and in the near future no effective and meaningful controls in place to significantly reduce the WBV exposure of subway operators. It appears that the MVV system has more and better control measures in place to reduce harmful effects of WBV. Results of a scientific evaluation of a participatory, collaborative project in the MVV system suggest that the MVV may have developed a successful method of a “condition prevention” (Verhältnisprävention)—and “behavioral prevention” (Verhaltensprävention) intervention strategy, which appears beneficial for WBV exposed workers with existing low back pain. Long-term outcomes and benefits need to be assessed further.

Random matrix theory for transition strengths: Applications and open questions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kota, V. K. B.

2017-12-01

Embedded random matrix ensembles are generic models for describing statistical properties of finite isolated interacting quantum many-particle systems. A finite quantum system, induced by a transition operator, makes transitions from its states to the states of the same system or to those of another system. Examples are electromagnetic transitions (then the initial and final systems are same), nuclear beta and double beta decay (then the initial and final systems are different) and so on. Using embedded ensembles (EE), there are efforts to derive a good statistical theory for transition strengths. With m fermions (or bosons) in N mean-field single particle levels and interacting via two-body forces, we have with GOE embedding, the so called EGOE(1+2). Now, the transition strength density (transition strength multiplied by the density of states at the initial and final energies) is a convolution of the density generated by the mean-field one-body part with a bivariate spreading function due to the two-body interaction. Using the embedding U(N) algebra, it is established, for a variety of transition operators, that the spreading function, for sufficiently strong interactions, is close to a bivariate Gaussian. Also, as the interaction strength increases, the spreading function exhibits a transition from bivariate Breit-Wigner to bivariate Gaussian form. In appropriate limits, this EE theory reduces to the polynomial theory of Draayer, French and Wong on one hand and to the theory due to Flambaum and Izrailev for one-body transition operators on the other. Using spin-cutoff factors for projecting angular momentum, the theory is applied to nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta decay (NDBD). In this paper we will describe: (i) various developments in the EE theory for transition strengths; (ii) results for nuclear matrix elements for 130Te and 136Xe NDBD; (iii) important open questions in the current form of the EE theory.

Correlation between defect transition levels and thermoelectric operational temperature of doped CrSi2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Abhishek; Pandey, Tribhuwan

2014-03-01

The performance of a thermoelectric material is quantified by figure of merit ZT. The challenge in achieving high ZT value requires simultaneously high thermopower, high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity at optimal carrier concentration. So far doping is the most versatile approach used for modifying thermoelectric properties. Previous studies have shown that doping can significantly improve the thermoelectric performance, however the tuning the operating temperature of a thermoelectric device is a main issue. Using first principles density functional theory, we report for CrSi2, a linear relationship between thermodynamic charge state transition levels of defects and temperature at which thermopower peaks. We show for doped CrSi2 that the peak of thermopower occurs at the temperature Tm, which corresponds to the position of defect transition level. Therefore, by modifying the defect transition level, a thermoelectric material with a given operational temperature can be designed. The authors thankfully acknowledge support from ADA under NpMASS.

Toward a Theory of Sequencing: Study 3-2: An Exploration of Transitivities Formulated From a Set of Piagetian-Derived Operations and Their Implications in Traversing Learning Hierarchies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkins, Layne Victor

Certain transitivity relationships formulated from reversible operations were examined. Thirty randomly selected fifth grade students received instructional episodes, developed for each identified behavioral objective and its inverse (on unspecified content), presented via the IBM 1500 Instructional Computer System. It was found that students who…

78 FR 36431 - Safety Zone; Inbound Transit of M/V TEAL, Savannah River; Savannah, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-18

... of four oversized ship to shore (STS) cranes. The moving safety zone will transition to a temporary... these oversized cranes and offloading operations. Entry into this zone is prohibited unless specifically... and offloading operations of four STS cranes to CB8. Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), for the same reasons as...

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Statistics Observational Data Processing Data Assimilation Monsoon Desk Model Transition Seminars Seminar Series Other Information Collaborators In-House Website Transition to Operations Presentations

Public transit in America : findings from the 1995 nationwide personal transportation survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-01

This report has been prepared as an information base for people involved in planning, operating, marketing, and : decision-making for public transit in America. It characterizes public transit as it is today from a number of perspectives : that are b...

A qualitative analysis of bus simulator training on transit incidents : a case study in Florida.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

The purpose of this research was to track and observe three Florida public transit agencies as they incorporated and integrated computer-based transit bus simulators into their existing bus operator training programs. In addition to the three Florida...

Dual Transition Edge Sensor Bolometer for Enhanced Dynamic Range

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chervenak, J. A.; Benford, D. J.; Moseley, S. H.; Irwin, K. D.

2004-01-01

Broadband surveys at the millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths will require bolometers that can reach new limits of sensitivity and also operate under high background conditions. To address this need, we present results on a dual transition edge sensor (TES) device with two operating modes: one for low background, ultrasensitive detection and one for high background, enhanced dynamic range detection. The device consists of a detector element with two transition temperatures (T(sub c)) of 0.25 and 0.51 K located on the same micromachined, thermally isolated membrane structure. It can be biased on either transition, and features phonon-limited noise performance at the lower T(sub c). We measure noise performance on the lower transition 7 x 10(exp -18) W/rt(Hz) and the bias power on the upper transition of 12.5 pW, giving a factor of 10 enhancement of the dynamic range for the device. We discuss the biasable range of this type of device and present a design concept to optimize utility of the device.

Transition sum rules in the shell model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yi; Johnson, Calvin W.

2018-03-01

An important characterization of electromagnetic and weak transitions in atomic nuclei are sum rules. We focus on the non-energy-weighted sum rule (NEWSR), or total strength, and the energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR); the ratio of the EWSR to the NEWSR is the centroid or average energy of transition strengths from an nuclear initial state to all allowed final states. These sum rules can be expressed as expectation values of operators, which in the case of the EWSR is a double commutator. While most prior applications of the double commutator have been to special cases, we derive general formulas for matrix elements of both operators in a shell model framework (occupation space), given the input matrix elements for the nuclear Hamiltonian and for the transition operator. With these new formulas, we easily evaluate centroids of transition strength functions, with no need to calculate daughter states. We apply this simple tool to a number of nuclides and demonstrate the sum rules follow smooth secular behavior as a function of initial energy, as well as compare the electric dipole (E 1 ) sum rule against the famous Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn version. We also find surprising systematic behaviors for ground-state electric quadrupole (E 2 ) centroids in the s d shell.

7 CFR 1463.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition..., 2005 through September 30, 2014 on certain domestic manufacturers and importers of tobacco products as...

The TESS Science Processing Operations Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, Jon; Twicken, Joseph D.; McCauliff, Sean; Campbell, Jennifer; Sanderfer, Dwight; Lung, David; Mansouri-Samani, Masoud; Girouard, Forrest; Tenenbaum, Peter; Klaus, Todd;

Assessment of Operational Barriers and Impediments to Transit Use: Transit Information and Scheduling for Major Activity Centers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

The decision to use public transit as a means of alternative transportation is a somewhat complex process. The potential rider must know that a public transportation system is available, how to contact the public transportation system for information...

49 CFR 659.31 - Hazard management process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., operational changes, or other changes within the rail transit environment. (b) The hazard management process must, at a minimum: (1) Define the rail transit agency's approach to hazard management and the... Agency § 659.31 Hazard management process. (a) The oversight agency must require the rail transit agency...

49 CFR 659.31 - Hazard management process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., operational changes, or other changes within the rail transit environment. (b) The hazard management process must, at a minimum: (1) Define the rail transit agency's approach to hazard management and the... Agency § 659.31 Hazard management process. (a) The oversight agency must require the rail transit agency...

SunLine Transit Agency Advanced Technology Fuel Cell Bus Evaluation : Third Results Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

SunLine Transit Agency provides public transit services to the Coachella Valley area of California. SunLine has demonstrated hydrogen and fuel cell bus technologies for more than 10 years. This report describes operations at SunLine for a prototype f...

U.S. Transit Track Restraining Rail. Volume I : Study of Requirements and Practices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-12-01

This report covers a study of restraining rails in transit track, which is part of the current research program of UMTA and was initiated: (1) to assist in the analysis, design, and maintenance and operation of transit track; (2) to compile guideline...

Bus rapid transit and development : policies and practices that affect development around transit.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

The development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems is relatively recent in the United States, but several systems are in operation and more are advancing. There is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between land use and...

Socio-economic, dietary, activity, nutrition and body weight transitions in South Korea.

PubMed

Lee, Soo-Kyung; Sobal, Jeffery

2003-10-01

Socio-economic development influences many factors that affect health, especially diet and nutrition. This investigation proposes that a system of transitions occur as societies develop, with socio-economic, physical activity, dietary, nutrition and body weight transitions operating in relationship with each other. This model of transitions was examined empirically using South Korea as an example of a nation that has undergone considerable changes. Data were drawn from published government reports: the Korean National Nutrition Survey and annual reports at the national level for the years between 1969 and 1993. The socio-economic transition was assessed by gross national product. The physical activity transition was assessed using annual proportions of the population involved in primary, secondary and tertiary industries, as well as the number of cars and driver's licences. The dietary transition was measured by plant and animal food consumption. The nutrition transition was assessed by percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat. The body weight transition was measured by body mass index calculated from the average height and weight of adolescents. Results revealed that the transitions were highly correlated as expected, with the socio-economic transition exhibiting major changes. South Koreans tended to decrease their physical activity and plant food consumption, and to increase animal food consumption, percentage of energy from dietary fat and body weight, in relationship to the socio-economic transition. Examining a system of transitions on a national level in one country that has undergone rapid economic development may provide a strategy for examining how such transitions operate in other nations.

Interpretation of Higher Order Magnetic effects in the Spectra of Transition Metal Ions in Terms of SO(5) and Sp(10)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, J. E.; Judd, B. R.; Raassen, A. J. J.; Uylings, P. H. M.

1997-04-01

Small discrepancies in the fitted energy levels of the configurations 3dN of transition metal ions are ascribed to effective three-electron magnetic operators yi. Surprisingly it has been found that, of the 16 possible operators with ranks 1 in both spin and orbital spaces, four operators labeled by the irreducible representation (irrep) (11) of SO(5) are sufficient to obtain results which appear to be limited by the errors in the experimental energy levels. An interpretation is given involving products of operators labeled by the irreps of SO(5) and the symplectic group Sp(10).

A 0.2 V Micro-Electromechanical Switch Enabled by a Phase Transition.

PubMed

Dong, Kaichen; Choe, Hwan Sung; Wang, Xi; Liu, Huili; Saha, Bivas; Ko, Changhyun; Deng, Yang; Tom, Kyle B; Lou, Shuai; Wang, Letian; Grigoropoulos, Costas P; You, Zheng; Yao, Jie; Wu, Junqiao

2018-04-01

Micro-electromechanical (MEM) switches, with advantages such as quasi-zero leakage current, emerge as attractive candidates for overcoming the physical limits of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. To practically integrate MEM switches into CMOS circuits, two major challenges must be addressed: sub 1 V operating voltage to match the voltage levels in current circuit systems and being able to deliver at least millions of operating cycles. However, existing sub 1 V mechanical switches are mostly subject to significant body bias and/or limited lifetimes, thus failing to meet both limitations simultaneously. Here 0.2 V MEM switching devices with ≳10 6 safe operating cycles in ambient air are reported, which achieve the lowest operating voltage in mechanical switches without body bias reported to date. The ultralow operating voltage is mainly enabled by the abrupt phase transition of nanolayered vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) slightly above room temperature. The phase-transition MEM switches open possibilities for sub 1 V hybrid integrated devices/circuits/systems, as well as ultralow power consumption sensors for Internet of Things applications. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Structured Transition of Wind Tunnel Operations Skills from Government-to Contractor-Managed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn, Steven C.; Schlank, John J.

2010-01-01

In 2004, NASA awarded the Research, Operations, Maintenance, and Engineering (ROME) contract at NASA Langley Research Center to a team led by Jacobs Technology, Inc. A key component of the contract was the transitioning of the five large wind tunnel facilities from NASA managed and NASA or NASA/contractor workforces to fully contractor operated. The contractor would manage daily operations while NASA would continue to develop long-term strategies, make decisions regarding commitment of funds and commitment of facilities, and provide oversight of the contractor's performance. A major challenge would be the transition of knowledge of facility operations and maintenance from the incumbent civil servant workforce to the contractor workforce. While the contract has since been modified multiple times, resulting in a blended NASA/ROME workforce across the facilities, the processes developed and implemented to capture and document facility knowledge from the incumbent subject matter experts, build training and certification programs, and grow individual skills across subject areas and across facilities, are worthy of documentation. This is the purpose of this paper.

Structure-Preserving Smoothing of Biomedical Images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gil, Debora; Hernàndez-Sabaté, Aura; Burnat, Mireia; Jansen, Steven; Martínez-Villalta, Jordi

Smoothing of biomedical images should preserve gray-level transitions between adjacent tissues, while restoring contours consistent with anatomical structures. Anisotropic diffusion operators are based on image appearance discontinuities (either local or contextual) and might fail at weak inter-tissue transitions. Meanwhile, the output of block-wise and morphological operations is prone to present a block structure due to the shape and size of the considered pixel neighborhood.

An improved cellular automata model for train operation simulation with dynamic acceleration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Wen-Jun; Nie, Lei

2018-03-01

Urban rail transit plays an important role in the urban public traffic because of its advantages of fast speed, large transport capacity, high safety, reliability and low pollution. This study proposes an improved cellular automaton (CA) model by considering the dynamic characteristic of the train acceleration to analyze the energy consumption and train running time. Constructing an effective model for calculating energy consumption to aid train operation improvement is the basis for studying and analyzing energy-saving measures for urban rail transit system operation.

Transition operators in electromagnetic-wave diffraction theory - General theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hahne, G. E.

1992-01-01

A formal theory is developed for the scattering of time-harmonic electromagnetic waves from impenetrable immobile obstacles with given linear, homogeneous, and generally nonlocal boundary conditions of Leontovich (impedance) type for the wave of the obstacle's surface. The theory is modeled on the complete Green's function and the transition (T) operator in time-independent formal scattering theory of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. An expression for the differential scattering cross section for plane electromagnetic waves is derived in terms of certain matrix elements of the T operator for the obstacle.

Simplification rules for birdtrack operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alcock-Zeilinger, J.; Weigert, H.

2017-05-01

This paper derives a set of easy-to-use tools designed to simplify calculations with birdtrack operators comprised of symmetrizers and antisymmetrizers. In particular, we present cancellation rules allowing one to shorten the birdtrack expressions of operators and propagation rules identifying the circumstances under which it is possible to propagate symmetrizers past antisymmetrizers and vice versa. We exhibit the power of these simplification rules by means of a short example in which we apply the tools derived in this paper on a typical operator that can be encountered in the representation theory of 𝖲𝖴 (N ) over the product space V⊗m. These rules form the basis for the construction of compact Hermitian Young projection operators and their transition operators addressed in companion papers [J. Alcock-Zeilinger and H. Weigert, "Compact Hermitian Young projection operators," e-print arXiv:1610.10088 [math-ph] and J. Alcock-Zeilinger and H. Weigert, "Transition operators," e-print arXiv:1610.08802 [math-ph

Rehabilitation performance trends : early observations from long-term pavement performance (LTPP) specific pavement studies (SPS)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-25

This study examines the principal dterminants of the levels and changes in transit ridership for the U.S. transit operators over the 30 year period from 1960 to 1990. Transit ridership is represented by annual boardings. We would hav e preferred to h...

Advanced network planning for bus rapid transit : the "Quickway" model as a modal alternative to "Light Rail Lite"

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-02-01

Transit planning in the United States has tended toward viewing BRT as an analogue to light rail transit, with similar operating patterns. This model, referred to as Light Rail Lite, is compared to international best practices, which have often...

Review of Issues Associated with Safe Operation and Management of the Space Shuttle Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnstone, Paul M.; Blomberg, Richard D.; Gleghorn, George J.; Krone, Norris J.; Voltz, Richard A.; Dunn, Robert F.; Donlan, Charles J.; Kauderer, Bernard M.; Brill, Yvonne C.; Englar, Kenneth G.;

Building America Expert Meeting Report: Transitioning Traditional HVAC Contractors to Whole House Performance Contractors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burdick, A.

This report outlines findings resulting from a U.S. Department of Energy Building America expert meeting to determine how HVAC companies can transition from a traditional contractor status to a service provider for whole house energy upgrade contracting. IBACOS has embarked upon a research effort under the Building America Program to understand business impacts and change management strategies for HVAC companies. HVAC companies can implement these strategies in order to quickly transition from a 'traditional' heating and cooling contractor to a service provider for whole house energy upgrade contracting. Due to HVAC service contracts, which allow repeat interaction with homeowners, HVACmore » companies are ideally positioned in the marketplace to resolve homeowner comfort issues through whole house energy upgrades. There are essentially two primary ways to define the routes of transition for an HVAC contractor taking on whole house performance contracting: (1) Sub-contracting out the shell repair/upgrade work; and (2) Integrating the shell repair/upgrade work into their existing business. IBACOS held an Expert Meeting on the topic of Transitioning Traditional HVAC Contractors to Whole House Performance Contractors on March 29, 2011 in San Francisco, CA. The major objectives of the meeting were to: Review and validate the general business models for traditional HVAC companies and whole house energy upgrade companies Review preliminary findings on the differences between the structure of traditional HVAC Companies and whole house energy upgrade companies Seek industry input on how to structure information so it is relevant and useful for traditional HVAC contractors who are transitioning to becoming whole house energy upgrade contractors Seven industry experts identified by IBACOS participated in the session along with one representative from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The objective of the meeting was to validate the general operational profile of an integrated whole house performance contracting company and identify the most significant challenges facing a traditional HVAC contractor looking to transition to a whole house performance contractor. To facilitate the discussion, IBACOS divided the business operations profile of a typical integrated whole house performance contracting company (one that performs both HVAC and shell repair/upgrade work) into seven Operational Areas with more detailed Business Functions and Work Activities falling under each high-level Operational Area. The expert panel was asked to review the operational profile or 'map' of the Business Functions. The specific Work Activities within the Business Functions identified as potential transition barriers were rated by the group relative to the value in IBACOS creating guidance ensuring a successful transition and the relative difficulty in executing.« less

Comparison of on-road emissions for hybrid and regular transit buses.

PubMed

Hallmark, Shauna L; Wang, Bo; Sperry, Robert

2013-10-01

Hybrid technology offers an attractive option for transit buses, since it has the potential to significantly reduce operating costs for transit agencies. The main impetus behind use of hybrid transit vehicles is fuel savings and reduced emissions. Laboratory tests have indicated that hybrid transit buses can have significantly lower emissions compared with conventional transit buses. However the number of studies is limited and laboratory tests may not represent actual driving conditions, since in-use vehicle operation differs from laboratory test cycles. This paper describes an on-road evaluation of in-use emission differences between hybrid-electric and conventional transit buses for the Ames, Iowa transit authority, CyRide. Emissions were collected on-road using a portable emissions monitoring system (PEMS) for three hybrid and two control buses. Emissions were collected for at least one operating bus day. Each bus was evaluated over the same route pattern, which utilizes the same driver. The number of passengers embarking or disembarking at each stop was collected by an on-board data collector so that passenger load could be included. Vehicle emissions are correlated to engine load demand, which is a function of factors such as vehicle load, speed, and acceleration. PEMS data are provided second by second and vehicle-specific power (VSP) was calculated for each row of data. Instantaneous data were stratified into the defined VSP bins and then average modal emission rates and standard errors were calculated for each bus for each pollutant. Pollutants were then compared by bus type. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emissions were higher for the regular buses across most VSP bins than for the hybrid buses. Nitrogen oxide emissions were unexpectedly higher for the hybrid buses than for the control buses.

Phase diagram of quantum critical system via local convertibility of ground state

PubMed Central

Liu, Si-Yuan; Quan, Quan; Chen, Jin-Jun; Zhang, Yu-Ran; Yang, Wen-Li; Fan, Heng

2016-01-01

We investigate the relationship between two kinds of ground-state local convertibility and quantum phase transitions in XY model. The local operations and classical communications (LOCC) convertibility is examined by the majorization relations and the entanglement-assisted local operations and classical communications (ELOCC) via Rényi entropy interception. In the phase diagram of XY model, LOCC convertibility and ELOCC convertibility of ground-states are presented and compared. It is shown that different phases in the phase diagram of XY model can have different LOCC or ELOCC convertibility, which can be used to detect the quantum phase transition. This study will enlighten extensive studies of quantum phase transitions from the perspective of local convertibility, e.g., finite-temperature phase transitions and other quantum many-body models. PMID:27381284

Quantum Markov chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gudder, Stanley

2008-07-01

A new approach to quantum Markov chains is presented. We first define a transition operation matrix (TOM) as a matrix whose entries are completely positive maps whose column sums form a quantum operation. A quantum Markov chain is defined to be a pair (G,E) where G is a directed graph and E =[Eij] is a TOM whose entry Eij labels the edge from vertex j to vertex i. We think of the vertices of G as sites that a quantum system can occupy and Eij is the transition operation from site j to site i in one time step. The discrete dynamics of the system is obtained by iterating the TOM E. We next consider a special type of TOM called a transition effect matrix. In this case, there are two types of dynamics, a state dynamics and an operator dynamics. Although these two types are not identical, they are statistically equivalent. We next give examples that illustrate various properties of quantum Markov chains. We conclude by showing that our formalism generalizes the usual framework for quantum random walks.

CONFIG: Qualitative simulation tool for analyzing behavior of engineering devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malin, Jane T.; Basham, Bryan D.; Harris, Richard A.

1987-01-01

To design failure management expert systems, engineers mentally analyze the effects of failures and procedures as they propagate through device configurations. CONFIG is a generic device modeling tool for use in discrete event simulation, to support such analyses. CONFIG permits graphical modeling of device configurations and qualitative specification of local operating modes of device components. Computation requirements are reduced by focussing the level of component description on operating modes and failure modes, and specifying qualitative ranges of variables relative to mode transition boundaries. Simulation processing occurs only when modes change or variables cross qualitative boundaries. Device models are built graphically, using components from libraries. Components are connected at ports by graphical relations that define data flow. The core of a component model is its state transition diagram, which specifies modes of operation and transitions among them.

Diode laser operating on an atomic transition limited by an isotope ⁸⁷Rb Faraday filter at 780 nm.

PubMed

Tao, Zhiming; Hong, Yelong; Luo, Bin; Chen, Jingbiao; Guo, Hong

2015-09-15

We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications.

COMPARISON OF CLEAN DIESEL BUSES TO CNG BUSES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lowell, D.; Parsley, W.; Bush,C

2003-08-24

Using previously published data on regulated and unregulated emissions, this paper will compare the environmental performance of current generation transit buses operated on compressed natural gas (CNG) to current generation transit buses operated on ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) and incorporating diesel particulate filters (DPF). Unregulated emissions evaluated include toxic compounds associated with adverse health effects (carbonyl, PAH, NPAH, benzene) as well as PM particle count and size distribution. For all regulated and unregulated emissions, both technologies are shown to be comparable. DPF equipped diesel buses and CNG buses have virtually identical levels of PM mass emissions and particlemore » number emissions. DPF-equipped diesel buses have lower HC and CO emissions and lower emissions of toxic substances such as benzene, carbonyls and PAHs than CNG buses. CNG buses have lower NOx emissions than DPF-equipped buses, though CNG bus NOx emissions are shown to be much more variable. In addition, this paper will compare the capital and operating costs of CNG and DPF-equipped buses. The cost comparison is primarily based on the experience of MTA New York City Transit in operating CNG buses since 1995 and DPF-equipped buses fueled with ULSD since 2001. Published data on the experience of other large transit agencies in operating CNG buses is used to validate the NYCT experience. The incremental cost (compared to ''baseline'' diesel) of operating a typical 200-bus depot is shown to be six times higher for CNG buses than for ''clean diesel'' buses. The contributors to this increased cost for CNG buses are almost equally split between increased capital costs for purchase of buses and installation of fueling infrastructure, and increased operating costs for purchase of fuel, bus maintenance, and fuel station maintenance.« less

Challenges for Transitioning Science Research to Space Weather Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spann, James

2013-01-01

Effectively transitioning science knowledge to useful applications relevant to space weather has become important. The effort to transition scientific knowledge to a useful application is not a research nor is it operations, but an activity that connects two. Successful transitioning must be an intentional effort with a clear goal and measureable outcome. This talk will present proven methodologies that have been demonstrated to be effective, and how in the current environment those can be applied to space weather transition efforts.

OTTER: An Optimized Transit Tool And Easy Reference

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

as stated in the CNO’s Position Report: 2014. While a number of fuel -saving measures have been implemented in recent years, the effects of...saving measures have been implemented in recent years, the effects of operational transit speed on fuel consumption have not been adequately...their estimated savings As clearly seen, operating configuration has the most effect by far on fuel savings. Source: Fonte S (2009). In 2015

33 CFR 165.1709 - Security Zones: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Transits and Operations at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, Cook Inlet, AK. (a... navigable waters within a 1000-yard radius of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tankers during their inbound... Natural Gas tankers while they are moored at Phillips Petroleum LNG Pier, 60°40′43″ N and 151°24′10″ W. (b...

Azimuthal Spoke Propagation in Hall Effect Thrusters

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

on mode transitions clearly shows that spoke behavior was dominant in so-called ”local oscillation mode” where the thruster exhibited lower mean...discharge current and discharge current oscillation amplitude. The H6 thrust-to-power are maximum when the thruster is operating in local mode with spokes...the H6 drives us to understand the fundamental mechanisms of spoke mechanics in order to improve thruster operation. II. Mode Transition Oscillations

Project Startup: Evaluating the Performance of Electric Buses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2016-04-01

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is evaluating the in-service performance of fast-charge battery electric buses compared to compressed natural gas (CNG) buses operated by Foothill Transit in West Covina, California. Launched in 2015 in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board, this study aims to improve understanding of the overall use and effectiveness of fast-charge electric buses and associated charging infrastructure in transit operation.

Integrated Radial Probe Transition From MMIC to Waveguide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samoska, Lorene; Chattopadhyay, Goutam

2007-01-01

A radial probe transition between a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and a waveguide has been designed for operation at frequency of 340 GHz and to be fabricated as part of a monolithic unit that includes the MMIC. Integrated radial probe transitions like this one are expected to be essential components of future MMIC amplifiers operating at frequencies above 200 GHz. While MMIC amplifiers for this frequency range have not yet been widely used because they have only recently been developed, there are numerous potential applications for them-- especially in scientific instruments, test equipment, radar, and millimeter-wave imaging systems for detecting hidden weapons.

Thermal and composition driven phase transition in the co-operative Jahn-Teller distorted Zn1-xCuxCr2O4 spinel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saraswathy, S.; Kalavathi, S.; Rajamadhavan, R.; Asuvathraman, R.

2018-04-01

Phase pure poly crystalline powder samples of spinel compounds with formula Zn1-xCuxCr2O4 have been synthesized. It is found that for a critical concentration of Cu with x=0.58 cubic structure of the parent ZnCr2O4 transforms into a tetragonal structure. The well-known co-operative Jahn-Teller effect induces the structural transition and the observed variation of lattice parameters as a function of Cu substitution displays the role of strain. Thermally driven destruction of the co-operative Jahn-Teller effect and the resultant reverting back to cubic structure is observed to complete at 850 K and 373 K in pristine CuCr2O4 and Zn0.4Cu0.6Cr2O4. A first order transition observed for Zn0.4Cu0.6Cr2O4 is at variance with the continuous transition observed in the literature for Mg0.46Cu0.54Cr2O4.

42 CFR 412.76 - Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting from unlawful claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Recovery of excess transition period payment... System for Inpatient Operating Costs § 412.76 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts... the base period and the additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the hospital...

42 CFR 412.76 - Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting from unlawful claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recovery of excess transition period payment... System for Inpatient Operating Costs § 412.76 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts... the base period and the additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the hospital...

42 CFR 412.76 - Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting from unlawful claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Recovery of excess transition period payment... System for Inpatient Operating Costs § 412.76 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts... the base period and the additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the hospital...

42 CFR 412.76 - Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting from unlawful claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Recovery of excess transition period payment... System for Inpatient Operating Costs § 412.76 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts... the base period and the additional amounts paid due to the inappropriate increase of the hospital...

Higher Education Finance Reform in the Czech Republic: Transitions in Thought and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMullen, Matthew S.

2004-01-01

Higher education in the Czech Republic is going through an important transition, both politically and economically. New methods of financing university operations are necessary during the transition to a market economy as government funds are increasingly being drawn to other areas. Government and academic officials have worked together in the…

The US Army in Transition: Implications of the IDF Experience in the Second Lebanon War

DTIC Science & Technology

Israel Hezbollah War as a historical case in which a contemporary army had to transition from sustained irregular operations to large-scale...conventional war . The case study shows that the Israeli Defense Force did not make this transition effectively, and it examines factors that contributed to

Becoming Adults: One-Year Impact Findings from the Youth Villages Transitional Living Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valentine, Erin Jacobs; Skemer, Melanie; Courtney, Mark E.

2015-01-01

The "Youth Villages Transitional Living Evaluation" is testing whether the "Transitional Living" program, operated by the social service organization Youth Villages, makes a difference in the lives of young people with histories of foster care or juvenile justice custody. The program, which was renamed "YVLifeSet" in…

42 CFR 412.76 - Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts resulting from unlawful claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Recovery of excess transition period payment... System for Inpatient Operating Costs § 412.76 Recovery of excess transition period payment amounts...

Minority Business Participation in Public/Private Partnerships: A Manual on Joint Development. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beltran, Celestino M.; And Others

The Urban Mass Transportation Association promotes Commercial real estate development projects in and adjacent to transit facilities as a means of generating additional revenues to defray part of local transit agency operating cost. Transit-related real estate development, or joint development, provides unique financial benefits for investors and…

Clean Air Program : Design Guidelines for Bus Transit Systems Using Alcohol Fuel (Methanol and Ethanol) as an Alternative Fuel

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-01

Although there are over one thousand transit buses in revenue service in the U.S. that are powered by alternative fuels, there are no comprehensive guidelines for the safe design and operation of alternative fuel facilities and vehicles for transit s...

Transition sum rules in the shell model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Yi; Johnson, Calvin W.

An important characterization of electromagnetic and weak transitions in atomic nuclei are sum rules. We focus on the non-energy-weighted sum rule (NEWSR), or total strength, and the energy- weighted sum rule (EWSR); the ratio of the EWSR to the NEWSR is the centroid or average energy of transition strengths from an nuclear initial state to all allowed final states. These sum rules can be expressed as expectation values of operators, in the case of the EWSR a double commutator. While most prior applications of the double-commutator have been to special cases, we derive general formulas for matrix elements of bothmore » operators in a shell model framework (occupation space), given the input matrix elements for the nuclear Hamiltonian and for the transition operator. With these new formulas, we easily evaluate centroids of transition strength functions, with no need to calculate daughter states. We then apply this simple tool to a number of nuclides, and demonstrate the sum rules follow smooth secular behavior as a function of initial energy, as well as compare the electric dipole (E1) sum rule against the famous Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn version. We also find surprising systematic behaviors for ground state electric quadrupole (E2) centroids in the $sd$-shell.« less

Transition sum rules in the shell model

DOE PAGES

Lu, Yi; Johnson, Calvin W.

2018-03-29

An important characterization of electromagnetic and weak transitions in atomic nuclei are sum rules. We focus on the non-energy-weighted sum rule (NEWSR), or total strength, and the energy- weighted sum rule (EWSR); the ratio of the EWSR to the NEWSR is the centroid or average energy of transition strengths from an nuclear initial state to all allowed final states. These sum rules can be expressed as expectation values of operators, in the case of the EWSR a double commutator. While most prior applications of the double-commutator have been to special cases, we derive general formulas for matrix elements of bothmore » operators in a shell model framework (occupation space), given the input matrix elements for the nuclear Hamiltonian and for the transition operator. With these new formulas, we easily evaluate centroids of transition strength functions, with no need to calculate daughter states. We then apply this simple tool to a number of nuclides, and demonstrate the sum rules follow smooth secular behavior as a function of initial energy, as well as compare the electric dipole (E1) sum rule against the famous Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn version. We also find surprising systematic behaviors for ground state electric quadrupole (E2) centroids in the $sd$-shell.« less

Developing a Natural Gas-Powered Bus Rapid Transit Service. A Case Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitchell, George

2015-11-01

The Roaring Fork Transit Authority (RFTA) and its VelociRFTA Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program are unique in many ways. For example, VelociRFTA was the first rural BRT system in the United States and the operational environment of the VelociRFTA BRT is one of the most severe in the country, with extreme winter temperatures and altitudes close to 8,000 feet. RFTA viewed high altitude operation as the most challenging characteristic when it began considering the use of natural gas. RFTA is the second-largest public transit system in Colorado behind Denver's Regional Transportation District (RTD), and it is one of the largestmore » rural public transit systems in the country. In 2013, RFTA accepted delivery of 22 new compressed natural gas (CNG) buses that went into service after completion of maintenance and refueling facilities earlier that year. This paper examines the lessons learned from RFTA's experience of investigating--and ultimately choosing--CNG for their new BRT program and focuses on the unique environment of RFTA's BRT application; the decision process to include CNG fueling in the project; unforeseen difficulties encountered in the operation of CNG buses; public perception; cost comparison to competing fuels; and considerations for indoor fueling facilities and project funding.« less

Developing a Natural Gas-Powered Bus Rapid Transit Service: A Case Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitchell, G.

2015-11-03

The Roaring Fork Transit Authority (RFTA) and its VelociRFTA Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program are unique in many ways. For example, VelociRFTA was the first rural BRT system in the United States and the operational environment of the VelociRFTA BRT is one of the most severe in the country, with extreme winter temperatures and altitudes close to 8,000 feet. RFTA viewed high altitude operation as the most challenging characteristic when it began considering the use of natural gas. RFTA is the second-largest public transit system in Colorado behind Denver's Regional Transportation District (RTD), and it is one of the largestmore » rural public transit systems in the country. In 2013, RFTA accepted delivery of 22 new compressed natural gas (CNG) buses that went into service after completion of maintenance and refueling facilities earlier that year. This paper examines the lessons learned from RFTA's experience of investigating--and ultimately choosing--CNG for their new BRT program and focuses on the unique environment of RFTA's BRT application; the decision process to include CNG fueling in the project; unforeseen difficulties encountered in the operation of CNG buses; public perception; cost comparison to competing fuels; and considerations for indoor fueling facilities and project funding.« less

49 CFR 1580.5 - Inspection authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... railroad carrier that operates rolling equipment on track that is part of the general railroad system of... rail operator, whether operating on or off the general railroad system of transportation. (7) Each... railroad system of transportation. (8) Each operator of a rail transit system that is not operating on...

The TESS Transiting Planet Search Predicted Recovery and Reliability Rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Jeffrey C.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Davies, Misty; Jenkins, Jon Michael; Li, Jie; Morris, Robert L.; Rose, Mark; Tenenbaum, Peter; Ting, Eric; Twicken, Joseph D.; Wohler, Bill

2018-06-01

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will search for transiting planet signatures via the Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) Science Pipeline at NASA Ames Research Center. We report on predicted transit recovery and reliability rates for planetary signatures. These estimates are based on simulated runs of the pipeline using realistic stellar models and transiting planet populations along with best estimates for instrumental noise, thermal induced focus changes, instrumental drift and stochastic artifacts in the light curve data. Key sources of false positives are identified and summarized. TESS will launch in 2018 and survey the full sky for transiting exoplanets over a period of two years. The SPOC pipeline was ported from the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) codebase and extended for TESS after the mission was selected for flight in the NASA Astrophysics Explorer program. Candidate planet detections and data products will be delivered to the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST); the MAST URL is archive.stsci.edu/tess. Funding for the TESS Mission has been provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate.

Transition to Operations Plans for GPM Datasets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zavodsky, Bradley; Jedlovec, Gary; Case, Jonathan; Leroy, Anita; Molthan, Andrew; Bell, Jordan; Fuell, Kevin; Stano, Geoffrey

2013-01-01

Founded in 2002 at the National Space Science Technology Center at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Focused on transitioning unique NASA and NOAA observations and research capabilities to the operational weather community to improve short-term weather forecasts on a regional and local scale. NASA directed funding; NOAA funding from Proving Grounds (PG). Demonstrate capabilities experimental products to weather applications and societal benefit to prepare forecasters for the use of data from next generation of operational satellites. Objective of this poster is to highlight SPoRT's research to operations (R2O) paradigm and provide examples of work done by the team with legacy instruments relevant to GPM in order to promote collaborations with groups developing GPM products.

Data Validation in the Kepler Science Operations Center Pipeline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Hayley; Twicken, Joseph D.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Clarke, Bruce D.; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa V.; Allen, Christopher; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Jenkins, Jon M.; Caldwell, Douglas A.;

Small Transit Vehicle Survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-06-01

Small transit vehicles, defined as those vehicles seating 7-25 passengers and intended for public transportation use, are available in a variety of makes and models with markedly different characteristics affecting both operators and users. This repo...

Best practices in bus dispatch.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

In 2007, the National Center for Transit Research (NCTR) sponsored a study to examine best practices in : extraboard operator management. In most transit agencies, extraboard manpower is managed by the : dispatch function, but extraboard management i...

Gulf Coast climate change adaptation pilot study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

Climate change-related issues place substantial operating and financial burdens on public transit agencies, particularly in coastal settings. Gulf of Mexico coastal transit agencies and their constituents are especially vulnerable to natural hazards ...

24 CFR 585.310 - Project-related restrictions applicable to Youthbuild transitional housing for the homeless.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... implementation grant includes the eligible activities of acquisition, architectural and engineering fees, construction, rehabilitation, operating costs or replacement reserves of transitional housing units, and where...

Articulated Bus Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-07-01

Escalating transit deficits have led the transit industry to search for methods for improving productivity and reducing operating costs. In seeking these objectives, there has been renewed interest in the cost-saving potential of high-capacity articu...

Λ-enhanced grey molasses on the D2 transition of Rubidium-87 atoms.

PubMed

Rosi, Sara; Burchianti, Alessia; Conclave, Stefano; Naik, Devang S; Roati, Giacomo; Fort, Chiara; Minardi, Francesco

2018-01-22

Laser cooling based on dark states, i.e. states decoupled from light, has proven to be effective to increase the phase-space density of cold trapped atoms. Dark-states cooling requires open atomic transitions, in contrast to the ordinary laser cooling used for example in magneto-optical traps (MOTs), which operate on closed atomic transitions. For alkali atoms, dark-states cooling is therefore commonly operated on the D 1 transition nS 1/2  → nP 1/2 . We show that, for 87 Rb, thanks to the large hyperfine structure separations the use of this transition is not strictly necessary and that "quasi-dark state" cooling is efficient also on the D 2 line, 5S 1/2  → 5P 3/2 . We report temperatures as low as (4.0 ± 0.3) μK and an increase of almost an order of magnitude in the phase space density with respect to ordinary laser sub-Doppler cooling.

A miniature single element effusion cell for the vacuum deposition of transition-metal and rare-earth elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, V. G.; Koon, N. C.

1997-08-01

A miniature single element effusion cell has been fabricated and tested that allows for the high-vacuum deposition of a variety of transition-metal and rare-earth elements. The cell is designed to operate under high-vacuum conditions, ≈10-9 Torr, with low power demands, <200 W. The virtues of this evaporator are the simplicity of design and ease of fabrication, assembly, maintenance, and operation.

Tetraneutron: Rigorous continuum calculation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deltuva, A.

2018-07-01

The four-neutron system is studied using exact continuum equations for transition operators and solving them in the momentum-space framework. A resonant behavior is found for strongly enhanced interaction but not a the physical strength, indicating the absence of an observable tetraneutron resonance, in contrast to a number of earlier works. As the transition operators acquire large values at low energies, it is conjectured that this behavior may explain peaks in many-body reactions even without a resonance.

Testing the electroweak phase transition in scalar extension models at lepton colliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Qing-Hong; Huang, Fa-Peng; Xie, Ke-Pan; Zhang, Xinmin

2018-01-01

We study the electroweak phase transition in three scalar extension models beyond the Standard Model. Assuming new scalars are decoupled at some heavy scale, we use the covariant derivative expansion method to derive all of the dimension-6 effective operators, whose coefficients are highly correlated in a specific model. We provide bounds to the complete set of dimension-6 operators by including the electroweak precision test and recent Higgs measurements. We find that the parameter space of strong first-order phase transitions (induced by the | H{| }6 operator) can be probed extensively in Zh production at future electron-positron colliders. QHC and KPX are supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(11175069, 11275009, 11422545), XZ and FPH are supported by the NSFC (11121092, 11033005, 11375202) and also by the CAS Pilot-B program. FPH is also supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M590133, 2017T100108)

Systematics of strength function sum rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Calvin W.

2015-08-28

Sum rules provide useful insights into transition strength functions and are often expressed as expectation values of an operator. In this letter I demonstrate that non-energy-weighted transition sum rules have strong secular dependences on the energy of the initial state. Such non-trivial systematics have consequences: the simplification suggested by the generalized Brink–Axel hypothesis, for example, does not hold for most cases, though it weakly holds in at least some cases for electric dipole transitions. Furthermore, I show the systematics can be understood through spectral distribution theory, calculated via traces of operators and of products of operators. Seen through this lens,more » violation of the generalized Brink–Axel hypothesis is unsurprising: one expectssum rules to evolve with excitation energy. Moreover, to lowest order the slope of the secular evolution can be traced to a component of the Hamiltonian being positive (repulsive) or negative (attractive).« less

Augmenting Phase Space Quantization to Introduce Additional Physical Effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robbins, Matthew P. G.

Quantum mechanics can be done using classical phase space functions and a star product. The state of the system is described by a quasi-probability distribution. A classical system can be quantized in phase space in different ways with different quasi-probability distributions and star products. A transition differential operator relates different phase space quantizations. The objective of this thesis is to introduce additional physical effects into the process of quantization by using the transition operator. As prototypical examples, we first look at the coarse-graining of the Wigner function and the damped simple harmonic oscillator. By generalizing the transition operator and star product to also be functions of the position and momentum, we show that additional physical features beyond damping and coarse-graining can be introduced into a quantum system, including the generalized uncertainty principle of quantum gravity phenomenology, driving forces, and decoherence.

Hot-Electron Photon Counters for Detecting Terahertz Photons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karasik, Boris; Sergeyev, Andrei

2005-01-01

A document proposes the development of hot-electron photon counters (HEPCs) for detecting terahertz photons in spaceborne far-infrared astronomical instruments. These would be superconducting- transition-edge devices: they would contain superconducting bridges that would have such low heat capacities that single terahertz photons would cause transient increases in their electron temperatures through the superconducting- transition range, thereby yielding measurable increases in electrical resistance. Single devices or imaging arrays of the devices would be fabricated as submicron-sized bridges made from films of disordered Ti (which has a superconducting- transition temperature of .0.35 K) between Nb contacts on bulk silicon or sapphire substrates. In operation, these devices would be cooled to a temperature of .0.3 K. The proposed devices would cost less to fabricate and operate, relative to integrating bolometers of equal sensitivity, which must be operated at a temperature of approx. = 0.1 K.

Mixed-Mode Operation of Hybrid Phase-Change Nanophotonic Circuits.

PubMed

Lu, Yegang; Stegmaier, Matthias; Nukala, Pavan; Giambra, Marco A; Ferrari, Simone; Busacca, Alessandro; Pernice, Wolfram H P; Agarwal, Ritesh

2017-01-11

Phase change materials (PCMs) are highly attractive for nonvolatile electrical and all-optical memory applications because of unique features such as ultrafast and reversible phase transitions, long-term endurance, and high scalability to nanoscale dimensions. Understanding their transient characteristics upon phase transition in both the electrical and the optical domains is essential for using PCMs in future multifunctional optoelectronic circuits. Here, we use a PCM nanowire embedded into a nanophotonic circuit to study switching dynamics in mixed-mode operation. Evanescent coupling between light traveling along waveguides and a phase-change nanowire enables reversible phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. We perform time-resolved measurements of the transient change in both the optical transmission and resistance of the nanowire and show reversible switching operations in both the optical and the electrical domains. Our results pave the way toward on-chip multifunctional optoelectronic integrated devices, waveguide integrated memories, and hybrid processing applications.

The design of IPv6's transitional scheme in university

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Biqing; Li, Zhao

2017-05-01

According to the current network environment of campus, the specific scheme of network transition is proposed, which has conducted detailed analyses for the basic concepts, the types of address, the necessary technology for transition and the agreement and principle of transition. According to the tunneling technology of IPv6, the IPv4 network and IPv6 network can communicate with each other, and the network of whole campus can operate well.

Analysis, operation and maintenance of a fuel cell/battery series-hybrid bus for urban transit applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bubna, Piyush; Brunner, Doug; Gangloff, John J.; Advani, Suresh G.; Prasad, Ajay K.

The fuel cell hybrid bus (FCHB) program was initiated at the University of Delaware in 2005 to demonstrate the viability of fuel cell vehicles for transit applications and to conduct research and development to facilitate the path towards their eventual commercialization. Unlike other fuel cell bus programs, the University of Delaware's FCHB design features a battery-heavy hybrid which offers multiple advantages in terms of cost, performance and durability. The current fuel cell hybrid bus is driven on a regular transit route at the University of Delaware. The paper describes the baseline specifications of the bus with a focus on the fuel cell and the balance of plant. The fuel cell/battery series-hybrid design is well suited for urban transit routes and provides key operational advantages such as hydrogen fuel economy, efficient use of the fuel cell for battery recharging, and regenerative braking. The bus is equipped with a variety of sensors including a custom-designed cell voltage monitoring system which provide a good understanding of bus performance under normal operation. Real-time data collection and analysis have yielded key insights for fuel cell bus design optimization. Results presented here illustrate the complex flow of energy within the various subsystems of the fuel cell hybrid bus. A description of maintenance events has been included to highlight the issues that arise during general operation. The paper also describes several modifications that will facilitate design improvements in future versions of the bus. Overall, the fuel cell hybrid bus demonstrates the viability of fuel cells for urban transit applications in real world conditions.

Transitional Child Care: State Experiences and Emerging Policies under the Family Support Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ebb, Nancy; And Others

This guide is designed to provide information about transitional child care (TCC) program policies and operations and to offer recommendations to policymakers and advocates. Transitional child care is a new federal child care program that every state must implement by April 1, 1990. Established by the Family Support Act (FSA) of 1988, TCC is…

Transitional Jobs: Background, Program Models, and Evaluation Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bloom, Dan

2010-01-01

The budget for the U.S. Department of Labor for Fiscal Year 2010 includes a total of $45 million to support and study transitional jobs. This paper describes the origins of the transitional jobs models that are operating today, reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of this approach and other subsidized employment models, and offers some…

Impact Of Radio Frequency Refarming On Transit Communications, Tcrp Report 11

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

THIS REPORT WILL BE OF INTEREST TO GENERAL MANAGERS, OPERATIONS MANAGERS, AND COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS WITHIN TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT ORGANIZATIONS. THE REPORT PROVIDES INFORMATION CONCERNING THE FEDERAL COMMU...

78 FR 52694 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Trent River, New Bern, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

... several times every day for recreational vessels transiting to and from the local marinas located upstream. Although openings occur throughout the day, the morning hours have the fewest vessel transits. Vessels able...

Best practices in bus dispatch [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

In 2007, the National Center for Transit Research : sponsored a study of best practices in extraboard : operator management, finding that in most transit : agencies, extraboard manpower is managed by : dispatchers as one of their many functions. This...

Sound transit climate risk reduction project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The Climate Risk Reduction Project assessed how climate change may affect Sound Transit commuter rail, light rail, and express bus : services. The project identified potential climate change impacts on agency operations, assets, and long-term plannin...

20 CFR 202.7 - Service or operation in connection with railroad transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing, storage, or handling of property transported by railroad, if... carrier by railroad, or to the receipt, delivery, elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing...

20 CFR 202.7 - Service or operation in connection with railroad transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing, storage, or handling of property transported by railroad, if... carrier by railroad, or to the receipt, delivery, elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing...

20 CFR 202.7 - Service or operation in connection with railroad transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing, storage, or handling of property transported by railroad, if... carrier by railroad, or to the receipt, delivery, elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing...

20 CFR 202.7 - Service or operation in connection with railroad transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing, storage, or handling of property transported by railroad, if... carrier by railroad, or to the receipt, delivery, elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing...

20 CFR 202.7 - Service or operation in connection with railroad transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing, storage, or handling of property transported by railroad, if... carrier by railroad, or to the receipt, delivery, elevation, transfer in transit, refrigeration or icing...

Small Transit Vehicles : State-of-the-Art Overview

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-08-01

This document presents both an update and expansion of a 1975 Technology Sharing document which profiled small transit vehicles. This document presents information on the vehicles available and on the selection, procurement, and operational considera...

Innovative routing and scheduling concepts for transit systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

The objective of this research was to investigate innovative routing and scheduling concepts to determine how transit systems in Virginia may improve ridership and reduce operating costs. Information on innovative routing and scheduling concepts was ...

Results of an Advanced Fan Stage Operating Over a Wide Range of Speed and Bypass Ratio. Part 2; Comparison of CFD and Experimental Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Celestina, Mark L.; Suder, Kenneth L.; Kulkarni, Sameer

2010-01-01

NASA and GE teamed to design and build a 57 percent engine scaled fan stage for a Mach 4 variable cycle turbofan/ramjet engine for access to space with multipoint operations. This fan stage was tested in NASA's transonic compressor facility. The objectives of this test were to assess the aerodynamic and aero mechanic performance and operability characteristics of the fan stage over the entire range of engine operation including: 1) sea level static take-off; 2) transition over large swings in fan bypass ratio; 3) transition from turbofan to ramjet; and 4) fan wind-milling operation at high Mach flight conditions. This paper will focus on an assessment of APNASA, a multistage turbomachinery analysis code developed by NASA, to predict the fan stage performance and operability over a wide range of speeds (37 to 100 percent) and bypass ratios.

Occupational correlates of smoking among urban transit operators: a prospective study.

PubMed

Cunradi, Carol B; Lipton, Rob; Banerjee, Aniruddha

2007-12-20

Workers in blue-collar and service occupations smoke at higher rates than workers in white-collar and professional occupations. Occupational stress may explain some of the occupational class differences in smoking and quitting behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of occupational factors to smoking behavior over a ten year period among a multiethnic cohort of urban transit operators, while accounting for demographic factors and alcohol. The sample consists of 654 San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI) transit operators who participated in two occupational health studies and biennial medical examinations during 1983-85 and 1993-95. Workers who had initiated, increased, or maintained their smoking over the ten year period were compared to workers who remained non-smokers. Occupational factors included self-rated frequency of job problems (e.g., difficulties with equipment, passengers, traffic), job burnout (i.e., the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory), time needed to unwind after work, and years employed as a transit operator. A series of logistic regression models were developed to estimate the contribution of occupational factors to smoking behavior over time. Approximately 35% of the workers increased, initiated, or maintained their smoking over the ten-year period. Frequency of job problems was significantly associated with likelihood of smoking increase, initiation, or maintenance (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.09, 1.55). Black operators were significantly more likely to have smoked over the ten-year period compared to operators in other racial/ethnic groups. Understanding the role of work-related stress vis-à-vis smoking behavior is of critical importance for crafting workplace smoking prevention and cessation interventions that are applicable to blue-collar work settings, and for developing policies that mitigate occupational stress.

The Evolution of an Adult Congenital Heart Surgery Program: The Emory System.

PubMed

Kogon, Brian; Rosenblum, Joshua; Alsoufi, Bahaaldin; Shashidharan, Subhadra; Book, Wendy

2017-01-01

The Emory Adult Congenital Heart (Emory University, Atlanta, GA) program was founded in 2001. In 2004, the surgical component transitioned from a pediatric facility to an adult facility. The aim of this article is characterize the program as a whole, outline changes in the program, and discuss the challenges of the transition process. Between 2001 and 2015, changes in program structure and personnel were evaluated. There has been significant growth of the program between 2001 and 2015. There are currently 19 half-day clinics per week, with 2,700 clinic visits per year. There are six cardiologists, three congenital cardiac surgeons, two sonographers, one advanced practice provider, and one social worker dedicated to the program. There are Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited adult congenital cardiology and congenital cardiac surgery fellowships. One thousand forty-four operations were performed between 2001 and 2015. There were 828 open-heart operations, of which 581 (70%) were re-operations. Over the study period, the number of yearly operations increased from 30 to 119, and the mean age at surgery increased from 22 to 35 years. Over time, more of the operations were performed at the adult hospital: increasing from 3% in 2001 to 82% in 2015, and more of the operations were performed by congenital cardiac surgeons: 87% (114 of 131) before the 2004 transition to 97% (881 of 913) afterward. The Emory Adult Congenital Heart program has undergone significant growth and change, including transition of the surgical component from the pediatric to the adult facility. While numerous obstacles have been overcome and great progress has been made, additional challenges remain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The TESS science processing operations center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenkins, Jon M.; Twicken, Joseph D.; McCauliff, Sean; Campbell, Jennifer; Sanderfer, Dwight; Lung, David; Mansouri-Samani, Masoud; Girouard, Forrest; Tenenbaum, Peter; Klaus, Todd; Smith, Jeffrey C.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Chacon, A. D.; Henze, Christopher; Heiges, Cory; Latham, David W.; Morgan, Edward; Swade, Daryl; Rinehart, Stephen; Vanderspek, Roland

2016-08-01

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will conduct a search for Earth's closest cousins starting in early 2018 and is expected to discover 1,000 small planets with Rp < 4 R⊕ and measure the masses of at least 50 of these small worlds. The Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) is being developed at NASA Ames Research Center based on the Kepler science pipeline and will generate calibrated pixels and light curves on the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division's Pleiades supercomputer. The SPOC will also search for periodic transit events and generate validation products for the transit-like features in the light curves. All TESS SPOC data products will be archived to the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST).

Using the International Space Station (ISS) Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) Is Not Feasible for Mars Transit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Harry W.

2016-01-01

A review of two papers on improving the International Space Station (ISS) Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) shows that it would not save substantial mass on a Mars transit. The ISS OGA requires redesign for satisfactory operation, even for the ISS. The planned improvements of the OGA for ISS would not be sufficient to make it suitable for Mars, because Mars transit life support has significantly different requirements than ISS. The OGA for Mars should have lower mass, better reliability and maintainability, greater safety, radiation hardening, and capability for quiescent operation. NASA's methodical, disciplined systems engineering process should be used to develop the appropriate system.

United States Marine Corps Post-Cold War Evolutionary Efforts: Implications for a Post-Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

Research Question What lessons can the contemporary Marine Corps learn from its transition from the post - Cold War and Operation Desert Shield and...United States Marine Corps Post -Cold War Evolutionary Efforts: Implications for a Post -Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom...

Enabling technologies for transition to utilization of space-based resources and operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sadin, S. R.; Litty, J. D.

1985-01-01

This article explores a potential scenario for the further development of space infrastructure resources and operations management. It is a scenario that transitions from the current ground-based system to an architecture that is predominantly space-based by exploiting key mission systems in an operational support role. If this view is accurate, an examination of the range of potential infrastructure elements and how they might interact in a maximally productive space-based operations complex is needed, innovative technologies beyond the current Shuttle and Space Station legacy need to be identified, and research programs pursued. Development of technologies within the areas of telerobotics, machine autonomy, human autonomy, in-space manufacturing and construction, propulsion and energy is discussed.

EHL Transition Temperature Measurements on a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Filter Wheel Bearing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jansen, Mark J.; Jones, William R., Jr.; Pepper, Stephen V.; Predmore, Roamer E.; Shogrin, Bradley A.

2001-01-01

The elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) transition temperature was measured for a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sounder filter wheel bearing in a vacuum tribometer. Conditions included both an 89 N (20 lb.) hard and soft load, 600 rpm, temperatures between 23 C (73 F) and 85 C (185 F), and a vacuum of approximately 1.3 x 10(exp -5) Pa. Elastohydrodynamic to mixed lubrication started to occur at approximately 70 C (158 F).

Unified Land Operations in World War I and the Anglo-Irish War

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

vignette to examine the new U.S. Army doctrine. The history of the British Army in the 19th century illustrates a force capable of fighting against both...possessions against rebels in Africa during the 19th century .6 Bryce Poe II examines the transition of the military through reforms in structure and...wars during the 19th century developed a military that made flexible transitions from combined arms maneuver to wide area security operations

Investigation of the transition of multicycle AC operation in ISTTOK under edge electrode biasing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malaquias, A.; Henriques, R. B.; Silva, C.; Figueiredo, H.; Nedzelskiy, I. S.; Fernandes, H.; Sharma, R.; Plyusnin, V. V.

2017-11-01

In this paper we present recent results obtained on plasma edge electrode biasing during AC discharges. The goal is to obtain experimental evidence on a number of plasma parameters that can play a role during the AC transition on the repeatability and reproducibility of AC operation. The control of the plasma density in the quiescent phase is made just before the AC transition by means of positive edge biasing leading to a transitory improved of density (30%-40%). Gas puff experiments show that the increase of background gas pressure during discharge led to a better success of the AC transition. The experimental results indicate that the increase of density during the AC transition induced by edge biasing is followed by an electron temperature drop. The drop in electron temperature leads in most cases the formation of runaway electrons. It has been observed that the runaway population during discharge flattop depends on the interplay between gas content and plasma density and temperature. The results also confirm that the correct balance of external magnetic fields is crucial during the AC transition phase where drift electron currents are formed. The results from the heavy ion beam diagnostic show that the formation of plasma current during consecutive AC transitions is asymmetric. Numerical simulations indicate that for some particular conditions this result could be reproduced from assuming the presence of two counter-currents during AC transition.

An evaluation of the accuracy of the Federal Transit Administration approved, groundborne noise and vibration prediction model for rail transit systems; a case study for a new subway line using post construction, transit operation measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carman, Richard A.; Reyes, Carlos H.

2005-09-01

The groundborne noise and vibration model developed by Nelson and Saurenman in 1984, now recognized by the Federal Transit Administration as the approved model for new transit system facilities, is entering its third decade of use by engineers and consultants in the transit industry. The accuracy of the model has been explored in the past (e.g., Carman and Wolfe). New data obtained for a recently completed extension to a major heavy rail transit system provides an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of the model once more. During the engineering design phase of the project, noise and vibration predictions were performed for numerous buildings adjacent to the new subway line. The values predicted by the model were used to determine the need for and type of noise and/or vibration control measures. After the start of transit operations on the new line, noise and vibration measurements were made inside several of the buildings to determine whether the criteria were in fact achieved. The measurement results are compared with the values predicted by the model. The predicted and measured, overall noise and vibration levels show very good agreement, whereas the spectral comparisons indicate some differences. Possible reasons for these differences are offered.

Monitoring a Silent Phase Transition in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Solar Cells via Operando X-ray Diffraction

DOE PAGES

Schelhas, Laura T.; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Berry, Joseph J.; ...

2016-10-13

The relatively modest temperature of the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite is likely to occur during real world operation of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 solar cells. In this work, we simultaneously monitor the structural phase transition of the active layer along with solar cell performance as a function of the device operating temperature. The tetragonal to cubic phase transition is observed in the working device to occur reversibly at temperatures between 60.5 and 65.4 degrees C. In these operando measurements, no discontinuity in the device performance is observed, indicating electronic behavior that is insensitive to themore » structural phase transition. Here, this decoupling of device performance from the change in long-range order across the phase transition suggests that the optoelectronic properties are primarily determined by the local structure in CH 3NH 3PbI 3. That is, while the average crystal structure as probed by X-ray diffraction shows a transition from tetragonal to cubic, the local structure generally remains well characterized by uncorrelated, dynamic octahedral rotations that order at elevated temperatures but are unchanged locally.« less

Monitoring a Silent Phase Transition in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Solar Cells via Operando X-ray Diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schelhas, Laura T.; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Berry, Joseph J.

The relatively modest temperature of the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite is likely to occur during real world operation of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 solar cells. In this work, we simultaneously monitor the structural phase transition of the active layer along with solar cell performance as a function of the device operating temperature. The tetragonal to cubic phase transition is observed in the working device to occur reversibly at temperatures between 60.5 and 65.4 degrees C. In these operando measurements, no discontinuity in the device performance is observed, indicating electronic behavior that is insensitive to themore » structural phase transition. Here, this decoupling of device performance from the change in long-range order across the phase transition suggests that the optoelectronic properties are primarily determined by the local structure in CH 3NH 3PbI 3. That is, while the average crystal structure as probed by X-ray diffraction shows a transition from tetragonal to cubic, the local structure generally remains well characterized by uncorrelated, dynamic octahedral rotations that order at elevated temperatures but are unchanged locally.« less

Evaluation of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority intelligent transportation system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-07-01

This report documents the implementation and operation of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority's Advanced Public Transportation System (ITS MARTA '96) as part of a showcase of Intelligent Transportation Systems technologies deployed for t...

Compressed Natural Gas Safety in Transit Operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-09-14

This report examines the safety issues relating to the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in transit service. The safety issues were determined by on-site surveys performed by Battelle of Columbus, Ohio and Science Applications International Corpora...

Closed Circuit Television in Transit Stations : Application Guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-08-01

It is intended that readers will acquire information from this document that will help in planning, designing, installing, operating, and evaluating the most appropriate CCTV transit surveillance system for their own purposes. This report is arranged...

Understanding & modeling bus transit driver availability.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Bus transit agencies are required to hire extraboard (i.e. back-up) operators to account for unexpected absences. Incorrect sizing of extra driver workforce is problematic for a number of reasons. Overestimating the appropriate number of extraboard o...

King County Metro Transit Hybrid Articulated Buses: Final Evaluation Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandler, K.; Walkowicz, K.

2006-12-01

Final technical report compares and evaluates new diesel and diesel hybrid-electric articulated buses operated as part of the King County Metro Transit (KC Metro) fleet in Seattle, Washington. The evaluation lasted 12 months.

San Diego Wheelchair Accessible Bus Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-09-01

The study describes the implementation and early operation of a pilot project of fixed route, wheelchair accessible bus service on two routes of the San Diego Transit system. Five buses of the Transit Authority fleet were retrofitted with wheelchair ...

Dynamic mobility application policy analysis : policy and institutional issues for Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-01

This report documents policy considerations for Integrate Dynamic Transit (IDTO). IDTO applications provide individualized trip planning, transfer protection, and ridesharing options. The analysis identified the following potential policy issues: dat...

Improving transit equity, streamlining operations : technologies that benefit the transportation disadvantaged

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

This illustrates some of the ways in which technology has improved the ability of transportation disadvantaged individuals to use public transit. Some benefits offered include more efficient coordination among service providers, system flexibility, t...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandler, K.; Eudy, L.

This report provides preliminary results from a National Renewable Energy Laboratory evaluation of a protoptye fuel cell transit bus operating at Connecticut Transit in Hartford. Included are descriptions of the planned fuel cell bus demonstration and equipment; early results and agency experience are also provided.

The Westport Connecticut Integrated Transit System : service and methods demonstration program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-07-01

Report evaluates the implementation, operations and impacts of the Westport Transit District's demonstration grant to examine the feasibility of combining shared ride taxi service and other paratransit services with conventional bus services. Report ...

State Safety Oversight Program : annual report for 2003

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-01

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) State Safety Oversight Rule (49 CFR Part 659) requires oversight of all rail transit agencies in revenue operation after January 1, 1997. This report summarizes activities performed to implement the State Safe...

State safety oversight program : annual report for 1999

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-09-01

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) State Safety Oversight Rule (49 CFR Part 659) requires oversight for all rail transit agencies in revenue operation after January 1, 1997. This report summarizes activities performed to implement the State Saf...

Alternative Fuel Transit Bus Evaluation Program Results

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-06

The objective of this program, which is supported by the U.S. Department of : Energy (DOE) through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is to : provide an unbiased and comprehensive comparison of transit buses operating on : alternative f...

Compliance guidelines for states with new starts projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-06-01

The Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) State Safety Oversight Rule (49 CFR Part 659) requires oversight for all rail transit agencies in revenue operation after January 1, 1997. States with "New Start" systems, funded through FTA's discretionary ...

Status of Advanced Propulsion Technology in Japan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-03-01

This report describes the efforts of the Japanese transit industry, which includes manufacturers and transit operators, in the area of advanced propulsion systems for urban rail vehicles. It presents different chopper system designs, new ac drive dev...

Fluorescence quenching and the "ring-mode" to "red-mode" transition in alkali inductively coupled plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, M.; Bazurto, R.; Camparo, J.

2018-01-01

The ring-mode to red-mode transition in alkali metal inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) (i.e., rf-discharge lamps) is perhaps the most important physical phenomenon affecting these devices as optical pumping light sources for atomic clocks and magnetometers. It sets the limit on useful ICP operating temperature, thereby setting a limit on ICP light output for atomic-clock/magnetometer signal generation, and it is a temperature region of ICP operation associated with discharge instability. Previous work has suggested that the mechanism driving the ring-mode to red-mode transition is associated with radiation trapping, but definitive experimental evidence validating that hypothesis has been lacking. Based on that hypothesis, one would predict that the introduction of an alkali-fluorescence quenching gas (i.e., N2) into the ICP would increase the ring-mode to red-mode transition temperature. Here, we test that prediction, finding direct evidence supporting the radiation-trapping hypothesis.

AllAboard: Visual Exploration of Cellphone Mobility Data to Optimise Public Transport.

PubMed

Di Lorenzo, G; Sbodio, M; Calabrese, F; Berlingerio, M; Pinelli, F; Nair, R

2016-02-01

The deep penetration of mobile phones offers cities the ability to opportunistically monitor citizens' mobility and use data-driven insights to better plan and manage services. With large scale data on mobility patterns, operators can move away from the costly, mostly survey based, transportation planning processes, to a more data-centric view, that places the instrumented user at the center of development. In this framework, using mobile phone data to perform transit analysis and optimization represents a new frontier with significant societal impact, especially in developing countries. In this paper we present AllAboard, an intelligent tool that analyses cellphone data to help city authorities in visually exploring urban mobility and optimizing public transport. This is performed within a self contained tool, as opposed to the current solutions which rely on a combination of several distinct tools for analysis, reporting, optimisation and planning. An interactive user interface allows transit operators to visually explore the travel demand in both space and time, correlate it with the transit network, and evaluate the quality of service that a transit network provides to the citizens at very fine grain. Operators can visually test scenarios for transit network improvements, and compare the expected impact on the travellers' experience. The system has been tested using real telecommunication data for the city of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and evaluated from a data mining, optimisation and user prospective.

Surgical treatment of Bertolotti's syndrome. Follow-up of 16 patients.

PubMed

Santavirta, S; Tallroth, K; Ylinen, P; Suoranta, H

1993-01-01

We surgically treated 16 patients with Bertolotti's syndrome (chronic, persistent low back pain and radiographically diagnosed transitional lumbar vertebra). Eight had posterolateral fusion and another eight resection of the transitional articulation. Thirteen patients had in addition to the chronic low back pain, suffered from repeated episodes or chronic sciatica. In six cases with resection treatment, local injections were administered at the transitional articulation before deciding for resection of the transitional joint; each patient reported transient relief of pain, while this preoperative test did not correlate with successful outcome of treatment. Six patients had to be treated with second operations. Ten of the 16 operatively treated patients showed improvement of the low back pain, and this result was similar in the group treated with fusion and in that treated with resection. Seven had no low back pain at follow-up, and the improvement according to the Oswestry pain scale was similar in the two groups, and statistically significant. Eleven patients still had persisting episodes of sciatica (versus 13 preoperatively). The average disability according to the Oswestry total disability scale was 30%, corresponding with moderate outcome, and both operatively treated groups did equally well. At follow-up the first disc above the fused segments was found to be degenerated in seven out of eight cases, and in the group treated with resection the first disc above the transitional vertebra was degenerated in five cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Neuromechanical sensor fusion yields highest accuracies in predicting ambulation mode transitions for trans-tibial amputees.

PubMed

Tkach, D C; Hargrove, L J

2013-01-01

Advances in battery and actuator technology have enabled clinical use of powered lower limb prostheses such as the BiOM Powered Ankle. To allow ambulation over various types of terrains, such devices rely on built-in mechanical sensors or manual actuation by the amputee to transition into an operational mode that is suitable for a given terrain. It is unclear if mechanical sensors alone can accurately modulate operational modes while voluntary actuation prevents seamless, naturalistic gait. Ensuring that the prosthesis is ready to accommodate new terrain types at first step is critical for user safety. EMG signals from patient's residual leg muscles may provide additional information to accurately choose the proper mode of prosthesis operation. Using a pattern recognition classifier we compared the accuracy of predicting 8 different mode transitions based on (1) prosthesis mechanical sensor output (2) EMG recorded from residual limb and (3) fusion of EMG and mechanical sensor data. Our findings indicate that the neuromechanical sensor fusion significantly decreases errors in predicting 10 mode transitions as compared to using either mechanical sensors or EMG alone (2.3±0.7% vs. 7.8±0.9% and 20.2±2.0% respectively).

A Closed-Loop Model of Operator Visual Attention, Situation Awareness, and Performance Across Automation Mode Transitions.

PubMed

Johnson, Aaron W; Duda, Kevin R; Sheridan, Thomas B; Oman, Charles M

2017-03-01

This article describes a closed-loop, integrated human-vehicle model designed to help understand the underlying cognitive processes that influenced changes in subject visual attention, mental workload, and situation awareness across control mode transitions in a simulated human-in-the-loop lunar landing experiment. Control mode transitions from autopilot to manual flight may cause total attentional demands to exceed operator capacity. Attentional resources must be reallocated and reprioritized, which can increase the average uncertainty in the operator's estimates of low-priority system states. We define this increase in uncertainty as a reduction in situation awareness. We present a model built upon the optimal control model for state estimation, the crossover model for manual control, and the SEEV (salience, effort, expectancy, value) model for visual attention. We modify the SEEV attention executive to direct visual attention based, in part, on the uncertainty in the operator's estimates of system states. The model was validated using the simulated lunar landing experimental data, demonstrating an average difference in the percentage of attention ≤3.6% for all simulator instruments. The model's predictions of mental workload and situation awareness, measured by task performance and system state uncertainty, also mimicked the experimental data. Our model supports the hypothesis that visual attention is influenced by the uncertainty in system state estimates. Conceptualizing situation awareness around the metric of system state uncertainty is a valuable way for system designers to understand and predict how reallocations in the operator's visual attention during control mode transitions can produce reallocations in situation awareness of certain states.

Seamless transitions from early prototypes to mature operational software - A technology that enables the process for planning and scheduling applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornstein, Rhoda S.; Wunderlich, Dana A.; Willoughby, John K.

1992-01-01

New and innovative software technology is presented that provides a cost effective bridge for smoothly transitioning prototype software, in the field of planning and scheduling, into an operational environment. Specifically, this technology mixes the flexibility and human design efficiency of dynamic data typing with the rigor and run-time efficiencies of static data typing. This new technology provides a very valuable tool for conducting the extensive, up-front system prototyping that leads to specifying the correct system and producing a reliable, efficient version that will be operationally effective and will be accepted by the intended users.

A potassium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yin, B.; Shay, T. M.

1992-01-01

The characteristics of a potassium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter operating on the blue and near infrared transitions are calculated. The results show that the filter can be designed to provide high transmission, very narrow pass bandwidth, and low equivalent noise bandwidth. The Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) provides a narrow pass bandwidth (about GHz) optical filter for laser communications, remote sensing, and lidar. The general theoretical model for the FADOF has been established in our previous paper. In this paper, we have identified the optimum operational conditions for a potassium FADOF operating on the blue and infrared transitions. The signal transmission, bandwidth, and equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW) are also calculated.

Design of Beneficial Wave Dynamics for Engine Life and Operability Enhancement

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

ST^(A), where S is the Dirac delta measure. Stochastic transition 9 function can be used to define two linear transfer operators called as Perron ... Frobenius and Koopman operators. Here we consider the finite dimensional approximation of the P-F operator. To do this we consider the finite

A (201)Hg+ Comagnetometer for (199)Hg+ Trapped Ion Space Atomic Clocks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burt, Eric A.; Taghavi, Shervin; Tjoelker, Robert L.

2011-01-01

A method has been developed for unambiguously measuring the exact magnetic field experienced by trapped mercury ions contained within an atomic clock intended for space applications. In general, atomic clocks are insensitive to external perturbations that would change the frequency at which the clocks operate. On a space platform, these perturbative effects can be much larger than they would be on the ground, especially in dealing with the magnetic field environment. The solution is to use a different isotope of mercury held within the same trap as the clock isotope. The magnetic field can be very accurately measured with a magnetic-field-sensitive atomic transition in the added isotope. Further, this measurement can be made simultaneously with normal clock operation, thereby not degrading clock performance. Instead of using a conventional magnetometer to measure ambient fields, which would necessarily be placed some distance away from the clock atoms, first order field-sensitive atomic transition frequency changes in the atoms themselves determine the variations in the magnetic field. As a result, all ambiguity over the exact field value experienced by the atoms is removed. Atoms used in atomic clocks always have an atomic transition (often referred to as the clock transition) that is sensitive to magnetic fields only in second order, and usually have one or more transitions that are first-order field sensitive. For operating parameters used in the (199)Hg(+) clock, the latter can be five orders of magnitude or more sensitive to field fluctuations than the clock transition, thereby providing an unambiguous probe of the magnetic field strength.

Tug fleet and ground operations schedules and controls. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

This study presents Tug Fleet and Ground Operations Schedules and Controls plan. This plan was developed and optimized out of a combination of individual Tug program phased subplans, special emphasis studies, contingency analyses and sensitivity analyses. The subplans cover the Tug program phases: (1) Tug operational, (2) Interim Upper Stage (IUS)/Tug fleet utilization, (3) and IUS/Tug payload integration, (4) Tug site activation, (5) IUS/Tug transition, (6) Tug acquisition. Resource requirements (facility, GSE, TSE, software, manpower, logistics) are provided in each subplan, as are appropriate Tug processing flows, active and total IUS and Tug fleet requirements, fleet management and Tug payload integration concepts, facility selection recommendations, site activation and IUS to Tug transition requirements. The impact of operational concepts on Tug acquisition is assessed and the impact of operating Tugs out of KSC and WTR is analyzed and presented showing WTR as a delta. Finally, cost estimates for fleet management and ground operations of the DDT&E and operational phases of the Tug program are given.

Characterization and Validation of Transiting Planets in the TESS SPOC Pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Twicken, Joseph D.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Davies, Misty; Jenkins, Jon Michael; Li, Jie; Morris, Robert L.; Rose, Mark; Smith, Jeffrey C.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Ting, Eric; Wohler, Bill

2018-06-01

Light curves for Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) target stars will be extracted and searched for transiting planet signatures in the Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) Science Pipeline at NASA Ames Research Center. Targets for which the transiting planet detection threshold is exceeded will be processed in the Data Validation (DV) component of the Pipeline. The primary functions of DV are to (1) characterize planets identified in the transiting planet search, (2) search for additional transiting planet signatures in light curves after modeled transit signatures have been removed, and (3) perform a comprehensive suite of diagnostic tests to aid in discrimination between true transiting planets and false positive detections. DV data products include extensive reports by target, one-page summaries by planet candidate, and tabulated transit model fit and diagnostic test results. DV products may be employed by humans and automated systems to vet planet candidates identified in the Pipeline. TESS will launch in 2018 and survey the full sky for transiting exoplanets over a period of two years. The SPOC pipeline was ported from the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) codebase and extended for TESS after the mission was selected for flight in the NASA Astrophysics Explorer program. We describe the Data Validation component of the SPOC Pipeline. The diagnostic tests exploit the flux (i.e., light curve) and pixel time series associated with each target to support the determination of the origin of each purported transiting planet signature. We also highlight the differences between the DV components for Kepler and TESS. Candidate planet detections and data products will be delivered to the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST); the MAST URL is archive.stsci.edu/tess. Funding for the TESS Mission has been provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate.

Structure of public transit costs in the presence of multiple serial correlation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

Most studies indicate that public transit systems operate under increasing returns to capital stock utilization and are significantly overcapitalized. Existing flexible form time series analyses, however, fail to correct for serial correlation. In th...

EU-US standards harmonization task group report : testing for ITS communications.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

The Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority's (CCRTA) Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) project is an application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to fixed-route and paratransit operations in a rural transit setting. The purpose of ...

Evaluation Plan for the Cape Cod Advanced Public Transportation System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-06-01

The Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority (CCRTA) Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) project is an application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to fixed route and paratransit operations in a rural transit setting. The purpose of th...

Development of Measures of Service Availability : Volume 2. Task Technical Reports.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-06-01

The study (a part of UMTA's Automatic Guideway Transit Technology program) is aimed at developing a set of measures for "service availability" which will be meaningful, readily understandable, and acceptable to transit operators, suppliers, and inter...

Methodology to Estimate Passenger Flow : Riverside Line, Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority, Boston, MA

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-08-01

management techniques to operate local transit systems more efficiently and economically. In particular, the ability to accurately ascertain route specific passenger flows or passenger demands has become essential for adequate resource allocation and...

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Processing Land Surface Software Engineering Hurricanes Model Information Documentation Performance Statistics Observational Data Processing Data Assimilation Monsoon Desk Model Transition Seminars Seminar Series Other Information Collaborators In-House Website Transition to Operations Presentations

Development of Measures of Service Availability : Volume 3. Application Guideline Manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-06-01

The study (a part of UMTA's Automatic Guideway Transit Technology program) is aimed at developing a set of measures for "service availability" which will be meaningful, readily understandable, and acceptable to transit operators, suppliers, and inter...

Off-Peak Fare-Free Transit : Mercer County, New Jersey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-03-01

The evaluation was designed to explore the effects of the fare elimination on the transit operator, the riding public, the general populace, and the local business community. Evaluation issues were concerned with impacts on ridership volumes, passeng...

Inductive interference in rapid transit signaling systems. volume 2. suggested test procedures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-03-31

These suggested test procedures have been prepared in order to develop standard methods of analysis and testing to quantify and resolve issues of electromagnetic compatibility in rail transit operations. Electromagnetic interference, generated by rai...

7 CFR 1463.101 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administration. 1463.101 Section 1463.101 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition...

7 CFR 1463.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 1463.100 Section 1463.100 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition...

7 CFR 1463.109 - Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Contracts. 1463.109 Section 1463.109 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition...

7 CFR 1463.2 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administration. 1463.2 Section 1463.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition...

7 CFR 1463.114 - Appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appeals. 1463.114 Section 1463.114 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition...

Bus transportation in Connecticut : data for planning, agenda for action

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-03-01

Presents the conclusions and recommendations of the Connecticut Public Expenditure Council regarding the present status of bus transit service throughout Connecticut; operational and funding issues; status of bus transit elsewhere in the U. S. and se...

2004 status of the nation's highways, bridges, and transit : conditions & performance : report to Congress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

This document is intended to provide Congress and other decision makers with an objective appraisal of the physical conditions, operational performance, financing mechanisms, and future investment requirements of highways, bridges, and transit system...

Diagnostic Imaging in the Medical Support of the Future Missions to the Moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sargsyan, Ashot E.; Jones, Jeffrey A.; Hamilton, Douglas R.; Dulchavsky, Scott A.; Duncan, J. Michael

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation is a course that reviews the diagnostic imaging techniques available for medical support on the future moon missions. The educational objectives of the course are to: 1) Update the audience on the curreultrasound imaging in space flight; 2) Discuss the unique aspects of conducting ultrasound imaging on ISS, interplanetary transit, ultrasound imaging on ISS, interplanetary transit, and lunar surface operations; and 3) Review preliminary data obtained in simulations of medical imaging in lunar surface operations.

V/STOL propulsion control analysis: Phase 2, task 5-9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Typical V/STOL propulsion control requirements were derived for transition between vertical and horizontal flight using the General Electric RALS (Remote Augmented Lift System) concept. Steady-state operating requirements were defined for a typical Vertical-to-Horizontal transition and for a typical Horizontal-to-Vertical transition. Control mode requirements were established and multi-variable regulators developed for individual operating conditions. Proportional/Integral gain schedules were developed and were incorporated into a transition controller with capabilities for mode switching and manipulated variable reassignment. A non-linear component-level transient model of the engine was developed and utilized to provide a preliminary check-out of the controller logic. An inlet and nozzle effects model was developed for subsequent incorporation into the engine model and an aircraft model was developed for preliminary flight transition simulations. A condition monitoring development plan was developed and preliminary design requirements established. The Phase 1 long-range technology plan was refined and restructured toward the development of a real-time high fidelity transient model of a supersonic V/STOL propulsion system and controller for use in a piloted simulation program at NASA-Ames.

Hot Science with a "Warm" Telescope: Observations of Extrasolar Planets During the Spitzer Warm Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grillmair, Carl J.; Carey, S.; Helou, G.; Hurt, R.; Rebull, L.; Soifer, T.; Squires, G. K.; Storrie-Lombardi, L.

2007-12-01

The Spitzer Space Telescope will exhaust its cryogen supply sometime around March of 2009. However, the observatory is expected to remain operational until early 2014 with undiminished 3.6 and 4.5 micron imaging capabilities over two 5'x5’ fields-of-view. During this "warm” mission, Spitzer will operate with extremely high efficiency and provide up to 35,000 hours of science observing time. This will enable unprecedented opportunities to address key scientific questions requiring large allocations of observing time, while maintaining opportunities for broad community use with more "traditional” time allocations. Spitzer will remain a particularly valuable resource for studies of extrasolar planets, with applications including: 1) transit timing observations and precise radius measurements of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M-dwarfs, 2) measuring thermal emission and distinguishing between broad band emission and absorption in the atmospheres of transiting hot Jupiters, 3) measuring orbital phase variations of thermal emission for both transiting and non-transiting, close-in planets, and 4) sensitive imaging searches for young planets at large angular separations from their parent stars.

The TESS Science Processing Operations Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, Jon M.; Twicken, Joseph D.; McCauliff, Sean; Campbell, Jennifer; Sanderfer, Dwight; Lung, David; Mansouri-Samani, Masoud; Girouard, Forrest; Tenenbaum, Peter; Klaus, Todd;

76 FR 3608 - Sunshine Act Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... Operations: Review of transition, order of succession, continuity of operations. Review of 2011 meeting.... Disparate Impact in School Discipline Policies. Gender and the Wage Gap. Title IX--Sex Discrimination in...

Expert system development methodology and the transition from prototyping to operations: FIESTA, a case study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Happell, Nadine; Miksell, Steve; Carlisle, Candace

1989-01-01

A major barrier in taking expert systems from prototype to operational status involves instilling end user confidence in the operational system. The software of different life cycle models is examined and the advantages and disadvantages of each when applied to expert system development are explored. The Fault Isolation Expert System for Tracking and data relay satellite system Applications (FIESTA) is presented as a case study of development of an expert system. The end user confidence necessary for operational use of this system is accentuated by the fact that it will handle real-time data in a secure environment, allowing little tolerance for errors. How FIESTA is dealing with transition problems as it moves from an off-line standalone prototype to an on-line real-time system is discussed.

Expert system development methodology and the transition from prototyping to operations - Fiesta, a case study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Happell, Nadine; Miksell, Steve; Carlisle, Candace

1989-01-01

A major barrier in taking expert systems from prototype to operational status involves instilling end user confidence in the operational system. The software of different life cycle models is examined and the advantages and disadvantages of each when applied to expert system development are explored. The Fault Isolation Expert System for Tracking and data relay satellite system Applications (FIESTA) is presented as a case study of development of an expert system. The end user confidence necessary for operational use of this system is accentuated by the fact that it will handle real-time data in a secure environment, allowing little tolerance for errors. How FIESTA is dealing with transition problems as it moves from an off-line standalone prototype to an on-line real-time system is discussed.

Baryogenesis via leptonic CP-violating phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pascoli, Silvia; Turner, Jessica; Zhou, Ye-Ling

2018-05-01

We propose a new mechanism to generate a lepton asymmetry based on the vacuum CP-violating phase transition (CPPT). This approach differs from classical thermal leptogenesis as a specific seesaw model, and its UV completion, need not be specified. The lepton asymmetry is generated via the dynamically realised coupling of the Weinberg operator during the phase transition. This mechanism provides a connection with low-energy neutrino observables.

In-Use Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electric, CNG, and Diesel Buses at New York City Transit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnitt, R. A.

2008-06-01

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluated the performance of diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hybrid electric (equipped with BAE Systems? HybriDrive propulsion system) transit buses at New York City Transit (NYCT). CNG, Gen I and Gen II hybrid electric propulsion systems were compared on fuel economy, maintenance and operating costs per mile, and reliability.

A Handbook For Acquiring Demand-Responsive Transit Software, Tcrp Report 18

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

THIS HANDBOOK WILL BE OF INTEREST TO AGENCIES ENGAGED IN MANAGING AND OPERATING DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT (DRT) SERVICES. THE HANDBOOK IS INTENDED TO ASSIST DRTPROVIDERS WITH ASSESSMENT OF SOFTWARE NEEDS AND PROCUREMENT OF SOFTWARE TO MEET THOSE NEED...

Clean air program : liquefied natural gas safety in transit operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-03-31

The report examines the safety issues relating to the use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in transit service. The safety issues were determined by on-site surveys performed by Battelle of Columbus, Ohio, and Science Applications International Corp. (S...

Systems Operation Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : Summary Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-02-01

In order to examine specific Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) developments and concepts and to build a better knowledge base for future decision-making, UMTA has undertaken a new program of studies and technology investigations called the Urban Mass ...

Rail Transit Winterization Technology and Systems Operations Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

The severe winters of 1977-1978 and 1978-1979 caused all snowbelt transit systems to experience a variety of problems which resulted in impaired service ranging from systems delays to complete system shutdowns. The scope of this report includes a sum...

Radiated Interference in Rapid Transit Systems. Volume 1. Theory and Data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-04-01

For the past eight years, the UMTA Office of Systems Engineering, U.S. Department of Transportation, has sponsored a program to delineate and mitigate the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in rail transit operations. Work has proceeded un...

A statistical analysis of the relationship between land values and freestanding bus facilities.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Public transit professionals continue to seek methods that offer greater service opportunities, while : not materially increasing the costs of service provision. One strategy is to construct bus transit : centers which operate much like the airline h...

Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Results: Sixth Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

This report presents results of a demonstration of fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) operating in Oakland, California. Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) leads the Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) demonstration that includes 13 advanced-d...

Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Results : Fourth Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-04

This report presents results of a demonstration of fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) operating in Oakland, California. Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) leads the Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) demonstration, which includes 12 advanced-...

Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Results : Fifth Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

This report presents results of a demonstration of fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) operating in Oakland, California. Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) leads the Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) demonstration, which includes 13 advanced...

Managing Inventory At A Transitional Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutchins, Henry A.

1993-01-01

Kennedy Inventory Management System, KIMS, geared to needs of facility in transition from research and development to manufacturing. Operated jointly by several contractors at Kennedy Space Center, KIMS designed to reduce cost and increase efficiency of fabrication and maintenance of spaceflight hardware.

Minnesota : innovative choices for congestion relief.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

All of the Minnesota UPA projects are in operation. The first project, the Transit Advantage Bus Bypass at the Highway 77/Highway 62 intersection, was implemented in December 2008. Most of the transit projects and the expansion of the existing high-o...

Variation in Urban Transit Costs and Revenues by Type of Service

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-01-12

This research explores whether the public authorities that currently provide mass transit service in the nation's urban areas are able to operate any of those services "profitably," where that term is defined to maximize the possibilities for profita...

Phoenix Transit Sunday Dial-a-Ride

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-06-01

A local taxi operator began subsidized dial-a-ride service in Phoenix, AR, when the city found that Sunday fixed-route transit service would be more costly. Regular cabs and wheelchair vans are billed at a fixed hourly rate less fares collected. Over...

Transit scheduling data integration : paratransit operations review and analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-05-01

The ability of transit service providers in small urban areas and rural communities to meet increasing demands generated by welfare-to-work customers and other social agencies depends on their ability to make best use of available resources through e...

Evaluation of HART MetroRapid BRT.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

This report is a limited scope evaluation of the MetroRapids first two years of operation. The : MetroRapid represents Hillsborough Area Regional Transits first foray into bus rapid transit. Built at a : total cost of $34.75 million, or $1.98 m...

Acquisition of Formal Operations: The Effects of Two Training Procedures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenthal, Doreen A.

1979-01-01

A study of 11- and 12-year-old girls indicates that either of two training procedures, method training or dimension training, can aid in the transition from concrete operational to formal operational thought by promoting a hypothesis-testing attitude. (BH)

Demonstrating the Operational Value of Thermodynamic Hyperspectral Profiles in the Pre-Convective Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kozlowski, Danielle; Zavodsky, Bradley T.; Jedlovec, Gary J.

2011-01-01

The Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center (SPoRT) is a collaborative partnership between NASA and operational forecasting partners, including a number of National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecasting Offices (WFO). As a part of the transition to operations process, SPoRT attempts to identify possible limitations in satellite observations and provide operational forecasters a product that will result in the most impact on their forecasts. One operational forecast challenge that some NWS offices face, is forecasting convection in data-void regions such as large bodies of water. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a sounding instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite that provides temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. This paper will demonstrate an approach to assimilate AIRS profile data into a regional configuration of the WRF model using its three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) assimilation component to be used as a proxy for the individual profiles.

TESS Ground System Operations and Data Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glidden, Ana; Guerrero, Natalia; Fausnaugh, Michael; TESS Team

2018-01-01

We describe the ground system operations for processing data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), highlighting the role of the Science Operations Center (SOC). TESS is a spaced-based (nearly) all-sky mission, designed to find small planets around nearby bright stars using the transit method. We detail the flow of data from pixel measurements on the instrument to final products available at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). The ground system relies on a host of players to process the data, including the Payload Operations Center at MIT, the Science Processing Operation Center at NASA Ames, and the TESS Science Office, led by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and MIT. Together, these groups will deliver TESS Input Catalog, instrument calibration models, calibrated target pixels and full frame images, threshold crossing event reports, two-minute light curves, and the TESS Objects of Interest List.

Simulation evaluation of two VTOL control/display systems in IMC approach and shipboard landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merrick, V. K.

1984-01-01

Two control/display systems, which differed in overall complexity but were both designed for VTOL flight operations to and from small ships in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), were tested using the Ames Flight Simulator for Advanced Aircraft (FSAA). Both systems have attitude command in transition and horizontal-velocity command in hover; the more complex system also has longitudinal-acceleration and flightpath-angle command in transition, and vertical-velocity command in hover. The most important overall distinction between the two systems for the viewpoint of implementation is that in one - the more complex - engine power and nozzle position are operated indirectly through flight controllers, whereas in the other they are operated directly by the pilot. Simulated landings were made on a moving model of a DD 963 Spruance-class destroyer. Acceptable transitions can be performed in turbulence of 3 m/sec rms using either system. Acceptable landings up to sea state 6 can be performed using the more complex system, and up to sea state 5 using the other system.

SunLine Transit Agency Advanced Technology Fuel Cell Bus Evaluation: Fourth Results Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eudy, L.; Chandler, K.

2013-01-01

SunLine Transit Agency, which provides public transit services to the Coachella Valley area of California, has demonstrated hydrogen and fuel cell bus technologies for more than 10 years. In May 2010, SunLine began demonstrating the advanced technology (AT) fuel cell bus with a hybrid electric propulsion system, fuel cell power system, and lithium-based hybrid batteries. This report describes operations at SunLine for the AT fuel cell bus and five compressed natural gas buses. The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is working with SunLine to evaluate the bus in real-world service to document the results and helpmore » determine the progress toward technology readiness. NREL has previously published three reports documenting the operation of the fuel cell bus in service. This report provides a summary of the results with a focus on the bus operation from February 2012 through November 2012.« less

Automated Guideway Transit Service Availability Workshop

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-02-01

The workshop consisted of four panel sessions: Service Availability Definitions; Operator Experience in Operational Systems; Theoretical Aspects of AGT Service Availability; and User-Manufacturer Relationships. The workshop presented a wide spectrum ...

Developing a Crew Time Model for Human Exploration Missions to Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Battfeld, Bryan; Stromgren, Chel; Shyface, Hilary; Cirillo, William; Goodliff, Kandyce

2015-01-01

Candidate human missions to Mars require mission lengths that could extend beyond those that have previously been demonstrated during crewed Lunar (Apollo) and International Space Station (ISS) missions. The nature of the architectures required for deep space human exploration will likely necessitate major changes in how crews operate and maintain the spacecraft. The uncertainties associated with these shifts in mission constructs - including changes to habitation systems, transit durations, and system operations - raise concerns as to the ability of the crew to complete required overhead activities while still having time to conduct a set of robust exploration activities. This paper will present an initial assessment of crew operational requirements for human missions to the Mars surface. The presented results integrate assessments of crew habitation, system maintenance, and utilization to present a comprehensive analysis of potential crew time usage. Destination operations were assessed for a short (approx. 50 day) and long duration (approx. 500 day) surface habitation case. Crew time allocations are broken out by mission segment, and the availability of utilization opportunities was evaluated throughout the entire mission progression. To support this assessment, the integrated crew operations model (ICOM) was developed. ICOM was used to parse overhead, maintenance and system repair, and destination operations requirements within each mission segment - outbound transit, Mars surface duration, and return transit - to develop a comprehensive estimation of exploration crew time allocations. Overhead operational requirements included daily crew operations, health maintenance activities, and down time. Maintenance and repair operational allocations are derived using the Exploration Maintainability and Analysis Tool (EMAT) to develop a probabilistic estimation of crew repair time necessary to maintain systems functionality throughout the mission.

Unexpected Nonlinear Effects in Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sadleir, John

2016-01-01

When a normal metal transitions into the superconducting state the DC resistance drops from a finite value to zero over some finite transition width in temperature, current, and magnetic field. Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) operate within this transition region and uses resistive changes to measure deposited thermal energy. This resistive transition is not perfectly smooth and a wide range of TES designs and materials show sub-structure in the resistive transition (as seen in smooth nonmonotonic behavior, jump discontinuities, and hysteresis in the devices current-voltage relation and derivatives of the resistance with respect to temperature, bias current, and magnetic field). TES technology has advanced to the point where for many applications this structure is the limiting factor in performance and optimization consists of finding operating points away from these structures. For example, operating at or near this structure can lead to nonlinearity in the detectors response and gain scale, limit the spectral range of the detector by limiting the usable resistive range, and degrade energy resolution. The origin of much of this substructure is unknown. This presentation investigates a number of possible sources in turn. First we model the TES as a superconducting weak-link and solve for the characteristic differential equations current and voltage time dependence. We find:(1) measured DC biased current-voltage relationship is the time-average of a much higher frequency limit cycle solution.(2) We calculate the fundamental frequency and estimate the power radiated from the TES treating the bias leads as an antennae.(3) The solution for a set of circuit parameters becomes multivalued leading to current transitions between levels.(4)The circuit parameters can change the measure resistance and mask the true critical current. As a consequence the TES resistance surface is not just a function of temperature, current, and magnetic field but is also a function of the circuit elements (such as shunt resistor, SQUID inductance, and capacitor values). In other words, same device measured in different electrical circuits will have a different resistive surface in temperature, current, and magnetic field. Next we consider that at the transition temperature of a superconductor both the magnetic penetration depth and coherence length are divergent. As a consequence these important characteristic length scales are changing with operating point. We present measurements on devices showing commensurate behavior between these characteristic lengths and the length scale of added normal metal structures. Reordering of proximity vortices leads to discontinuities and irreversibility of the current-voltage curves. Last we consider a weak-link TES including both thermal activated resistance effects and the effect of the magnetic penetration depth being a function of temperature and magnetic field. We derive its impact on the resistive transition surface and the important device parameters a and b.

THE ROLE OF METASTABLE STATES IN POLYMER PHASE TRANSITIONS: Concepts, Principles, and Experimental Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Keller, Andrew

1998-08-01

Polymer phases can be described in the same way as phases in other condensed matter using a number density operator and its correlation functions. This description requires the understanding of symmetry operations and order at different atomic and molecular levels. Statistical mechanics provides a link between the microscopic description of the structure and motion and the macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Within the limits of the laws of thermodynamics, polymers exhibit a rich variety of phase transition behaviors. By definition, a first-order phase transition describes a transformation that involves a sudden change of thermodynamic properties at its transition temperature, whereas higher-order phase transitions are classified as critical phenomena. Of special interest is the role of metastability in phase and phase transition behaviors. Although a metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum, it is not at the global equilibrium. Furthermore, metastable states can also be associated with phase sizes. Metastable behavior is also observed in phase transformations that are impeded by kinetic limitations along the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This is illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification, and gel formation, as well as combinations of transformation processes. In these cases, the metastable state often becomes the dominant state for the entire system and is observed over a range of time and size scales. This review describes the general principles of metastability in polymer phases and phase transitions and provides illustrations from current experimental works in selected areas.

Transition to the space shuttle operations era

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The tasks involved in the Space Shuttle Development Program are discussed. The ten major characteristics of an operational Shuttle are described, as well as the changes occurring in Shuttle processing, on-line operations, operations engineering, and support operations. A summary is given of tasks and goals that are being pursued in the effort to create a cost effective and efficient system.

Operational Assessment of Paralympics Transit Systems : Low-Floor Buses, Lift-Equipped Buses, and Signage

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-02-01

From August 15-25, Atlanta hosted the paralympics, a world-class athletic competition for athletes with disabilities. To support the Paralympics, a specialized transit service was planned and deployed to service the travel needs of athletes, trainers...

Systems Operations Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems : Discrete Event Simulation Model User's Manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-06-01

In order to examine specific Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) developments and concepts, and to build a better knowledge base for future decision-making, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) undertook a new program of studies and techn...

2008 status of the nation's highways, bridges, and transit : conditions & performance : report to Congress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This document is intended to provide decision makers with an objective appraisal of the physical conditions, operational performances, and financing mechanisms of highways, bridges, and transit systems based both on the current state of these systems...

2006 status of the nation's highways, bridges, and transit : conditions & performance : report to Congress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

This document is intended to provide decision makers with an objective appraisal of the physical conditions, operational performance, and financing mechanisms of highways, bridges, and transit systems based both on the current state of these systems ...

Wheel/Rail Noise Control : A Critical Evaluation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

Noise and vibration are the major sources of environmental impact from urban rail transit operations, and is a concern for both new and existing systems. One of the primary sources of noise on rail transit systems is wheel/rail noise, or, the noise e...

State of bus safety in the U.S. : summary of federal and state regulations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

This report provides a comprehensive overview of transit bus safety regulations and standards developed by all 50 states, as well as : information on how state departments of transportation (DOT) regulate the maintenance or operation of transit/parat...

Cost Experience of Automated Guideway Transit Systems (Supplement IV)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-12-01

By the end of 1982, automated guideway transit (AGT) systems will have carried over 500 million passengers since their first commercial operation of the Tampa International Airport in 1971. To keep abreast of the domestic use of AGT systems in the U....

Transitioning from analog to digital communications: An information security perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, Richard A.

1990-01-01

A summary is given of the government's perspective on evolving digital communications as they affect secure voice users and approaches for operating during a transition period to an all digital world. An integrated architecture and a mobile satellite interface are discussed.

Transition and Transfer of Remediated Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) Sites from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carpenter, Cliff; Castillo, Darina; Fatherly, Nicki

The US Department of Energy (DOE) expects to receive the transfer of 10 FUSRAP Sites from the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) over the next 10 years; however, the timing of the transfers is highly dependent upon federal funding of the ongoing remedial actions. When remediation for each site is complete and the 2-year operations and maintenance period has concluded, each site will transfer from USACE to DOE for long-term surveillance and maintenance (LTS&M). US DOE’s Office of Legacy Management (LM) will accept program responsibility for these sites and conduct LTS&M activities required to maintain protectiveness, preserve site-specific knowledge,more » and retain the cleanup and stewardship records while keeping stakeholders informed. Since the last FUSRAP site transfer occurred in 2007, LM in coordination with USACE intends to establish a transition process to promote the seamless transfer of sites from the time when the first record of decision is signed to the completion of FUSRAP activities. The approach to transfer active FUSRAP sites to completed sites status has been historically outlined in foundational documents such as the 1999 Memorandum of Understanding and supporting letters of agreement between the two agencies. As more complex FUSRAP sites are completed, this transition process will provide a model between the two agencies to communicate future long-term care liabilities. Ultimately, the FUSRAP transition process is structured to acquire and preserve site knowledge and information necessary for protecting the environment and public health. As of 2015, LM has transitioned and accepted programmatic responsibility for over 90 sites. From LM’s perspective, successful transition of any site includes understanding the long-term environmental liabilities. LM uses site transition framework requirements from past transitions to develop site-specific transition plans. Site-specific transition plans are developed by LM in coordination with USACE and executed during the 2-year operations and maintenance period. An integrated project team of subject matter experts is assembled to address the conditions of the transitioning site; acquire a site records collection; evaluate site operations and final site conditions and associated risks; identify and contact stakeholders; and document the basis for site LTS&M requirements. While the majority of the transition activities are completed by LM, close coordination between US DOE LM and USACE throughout this process is essential for an effective and seamless transfer to assure that there is no lapse in site protectiveness.« less

Workplace discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from the San Francisco Muni Health and Safety Study.

PubMed

Yen, I H; Ragland, D R; Greiner, B A; Fisher, J M

1999-01-01

There is evidence of an association between occupational stress and alcohol consumption. This study investigates the association between workplace racial discrimination and alcohol consumption in a sample of urban transit operators. During 1993-1995, after undergoing a medical exam, 1,542 transit operators completed an interview. Depending on the outcome, we used logistic or linear regression models to examine the cross-sectional relationship between discrimination experience and alcohol consumption. Operators who reported discrimination in at least one situation, out of a possible four, were more likely to have had negative life consequences as a result of drinking (adjusted OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.20-3.83) and were more likely to be classified as having an alcohol disorder (OR = 1.56 [0.96-2.54]), compared to those who reported no instances of workplace discrimination. Results adjusted simultaneously for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, and seniority. There was no association between workplace discrimination and heavy drinking or drinks per month. Cross-sectional data from a sample of urban transit operators indicates an association between workplace racial discrimination and some measures of alcohol consumption.

Integrated Design of a Telerobotic Workstation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochlis, Jennifer L.; Clarke, John-Paul

2001-01-01

The experiments described in this paper are part of a larger joint MIT/NASA research effort that focuses on the development of a methodology for designing and evaluating integrated interfaces for highly dexterous and multi-functional telerobots. Specifically, a telerobotic workstation is being designed for an Extravehicular Activity (EVA) anthropomorphic space station telerobot. Previous researchers have designed telerobotic workstations based upon performance of discrete subsets of tasks (for example, peg-in-hole, tracking, etc.) without regard for transitions that operators go through between tasks performed sequentially in the context of larger integrated tasks. The exploratory research experiments presented here took an integrated approach and assessed how subjects operating a full-immersion telerobot perform during the transitions between sub-tasks of two common EVA tasks. Preliminary results show that up to 30% of total task time is spent gaining and maintaining Situation Awareness (SA) of their task space and environment during transitions. Although task performance improves over the two trial days, the percentage of time spent on SA remains the same. This method identifies areas where workstation displays and feedback mechanisms are most needed to increase operator performance and decrease operator workload - areas that previous research methods have not been able to address.

49 CFR 1580.200 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... service on track that is part of the general railroad system of transportation, each carrier operating or.... (e) Each operator of a rail transit system that is not operating on track that is part of the general... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION...

Concrete Operations and Attentional Capacity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Michael; Lindenberger, Ulman

1989-01-01

To test predictions regarding the attentional capacity requirements of Piaget's stage of concrete operations, a battery of concrete operational tasks and two measures of attentional capacity were administered to 120 first-, second-, and third-graders. Findings concern class inclusion, transitivity of length and weight, and multiplication of…

Maintenance and operations contractor plan for transition to the project Hanford management contract (PHMC)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Waite, J.L.

1996-04-12

This plan has been developed by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), and its subcontractors ICF Kaiser Hanford (ICF KH) and BCS Richland, Inc. (BCSR), at the direction of the US Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office (RL). WHC and its subcontractors are hereafter referred to as the Maintenance and Operations (M and O) Contractor. The plan identifies actions involving the M and O Contractor that are critical to (1) prepare for a smooth transition to the Project Hanford Management Contractor (PHMC), and (2) support and assist the PHMC and RL in achieving transition as planned, with no or minimal impactmore » to ongoing baseline activities. The plan is structured around two primary phases. The first is the pre-award phase, which started in mid-February 1996 and is currently scheduled to be completed on June 1, 1996, at which time the contract is currently planned to be awarded. The second is the follow-on four-month post-award phase from June 1, 1996, until October 1, 1996. Considering the magnitude and complexity of the scope of work being transitioned, completion in four months will require significant effort by all parties. To better ensure success, the M and O Contractor has developed a pre-award phase that is intended to maximize readiness for transition. Priority is given to preparation for facility assessments and processing of personnel, as these areas are determined to be on the critical path for transition. In addition, the M and O Contractor will put emphasis during the pre-award phase to close out open items prior to contract award, to include grievances, employee concerns, audit findings, compliance issues, etc.« less

75 FR 3622 - Revisions to Rules Authorizing the Operation of Low Power Auxiliary Stations in the 698-806 MHz...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-22

... MHz Band no later than June 12, 2010, one year from the end of the DTV transition. The Commission... deadline of June 12, 2010 (one year from the end of the DTV transition) for wireless microphones and other... establishes a ``hard'' date of June 12, 2010--one year from the date of the DTV transition--by which all...

Status of the TESS Science Processing Operations Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, Jon M.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Campbell, Jennifer; Tenebaum, Peter; Sanderfer, Dwight; Davies, Misty D.; Smith, Jeffrey C.; Morris, Rob; Mansouri-Samani, Masoud; Girouardi, Forrest;

21 CFR 26.11 - Start of operational period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... period. (a) The operational period shall start at the end of the transition period and its provisions... batch certificate (in accordance with the World Health Organization Certification Scheme on the Quality...

21 CFR 26.11 - Start of operational period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... period. (a) The operational period shall start at the end of the transition period and its provisions... batch certificate (in accordance with the World Health Organization Certification Scheme on the Quality...

21 CFR 26.11 - Start of operational period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... period. (a) The operational period shall start at the end of the transition period and its provisions... batch certificate (in accordance with the World Health Organization Certification Scheme on the Quality...

21 CFR 26.11 - Start of operational period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... period. (a) The operational period shall start at the end of the transition period and its provisions... batch certificate (in accordance with the World Health Organization Certification Scheme on the Quality...

Wheelchair securement and occupant restraint system (WTORS) practices in public transit buses.

PubMed

Frost, Karen L; Bertocci, Gina; Salipur, Zdravko

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to characterize wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS) usage in public transit buses based on observations of wheelchair and scooter (wheeled mobility device: WhMD) passenger trips. A retrospective review of on-board video surveillance recordings of WhMD trips on fixed-route, large accessible transit vehicles (LATVs) was performed. Two hundred ninety-five video recordings were collected for review and analysis during the period June 2007-February 2009. Results showed that 73.6% of WhMDs were unsecured during transit. Complete use of all four tiedowns was observed more frequently for manual wheelchairs (14.9%) and power wheelchairs (5.5%), compared to scooters (0.0%), and this difference was significant (p=0.013). Nonuse or misuse (lap belt use only) of the occupant restraint system occurred during 47.5% of WhMD trips. The most frequently observed (52.5%) use of the lap belt consisted of bus operators routing the lap belt around the WhMD seatback in an attempt to secure the WhMD. These findings support the need for development and implementation of WTORS with improved usability and/or WTORS that can be operated independently by WhMD passengers and improved WTORS training for bus operators.

A Possible Operational Motivation for the Orthocomplementation in Quantum Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Hooghe, Bart

2010-11-01

In the foundations of quantum mechanics Gleason’s theorem dictates the uniqueness of the state transition probability via the inner product of the corresponding state vectors in Hilbert space, independent of which measurement context induces this transition. We argue that the state transition probability should not be regarded as a secondary concept which can be derived from the structure on the set of states and properties, but instead should be regarded as a primitive concept for which measurement context is crucial. Accordingly, we adopt an operational approach to quantum mechanics in which a physical entity is defined by the structure of its set of states, set of properties and the possible (measurement) contexts which can be applied to this entity. We put forward some elementary definitions to derive an operational theory from this State-COntext-Property (SCOP) formalism. We show that if the SCOP satisfies a Gleason-like condition, namely that the state transition probability is independent of which measurement context induces the change of state, then the lattice of properties is orthocomplemented, which is one of the ‘quantum axioms’ used in the Piron-Solèr representation theorem for quantum systems. In this sense we obtain a possible physical meaning for the orthocomplementation widely used in quantum structures.

Computational Modeling For The Transitional Flow Over A Multi-Element Airfoil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liou, William W.; Liu, Feng-Jun; Rumsey, Chris L. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The transitional flow over a multi-element airfoil in a landing configuration are computed using a two equation transition model. The transition model is predictive in the sense that the transition onset is a result of the calculation and no prior knowledge of the transition location is required. The computations were performed using the INS2D) Navier-Stokes code. Overset grids are used for the three-element airfoil. The airfoil operating conditions are varied for a range of angle of attack and for two different Reynolds numbers of 5 million and 9 million. The computed results are compared with experimental data for the surface pressure, skin friction, transition onset location, and velocity magnitude. In general, the comparison shows a good agreement with the experimental data.

Evacuation and rescue of elderly and disabled passengers from paratransit vans and buses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-12-01

This report reflects concerns felt by both the transit community and the U.S. Department of Transportation regarding the ability of transit operators and rescue forces to rescue elderly and disabled passengers in emergencies. The project intent is to...

75 FR 27114 - Public Transportation on Indian Reservations Program; Tribal Transit Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Transit Administration Public Transportation on Indian..., 2005)] amended 49 U.S.C. 5311(c) by establishing the Public Transportation on Indian Reservations... Census and may be used for public transportation capital projects, operating costs of equipment and...

78 FR 29203 - Notice of Request for Revisions of an Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-17

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Transit Administration [FTA Docket No. FTA-2013-0024] Notice of Request for Revisions of an Information Collection AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration, DOT... be collected will be used to accumulate mass transportation financial and operating information using...

Evaluating the Impacts of Real-Time Information on Subway Ridership in New York City

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-05-21

It is now common for transit operators to provide real-time information (RTI) to passengers about the location or predicted arrival times of transit vehicles. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) in New York City has recently made RTI avai...

Analysis of transit contracting models and proper incentives for long-term success.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

As transit systems are being challenged to operate in the most cost-effective manner, and budgets are being tightened and demand for services increases, there has been renewed interest in the area of contracting for fixed route service in the United ...

Part-time Labor, Work Rules, and Transit Costs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

This report examines two major issues: (1)the impact of labor union work rules : on bus transit operating costs and (2)the magnitude of cost savings that can be : expected from the use of part-time drivers. These issues are examined within : the cont...

An evaluation of energy conservation measures utilized by public transit systems : a case study in Texas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-07-01

The primary focus of this study was to emphasize transit system energy characteristics by examining the vehicle characteristics, right-of-way charactertistics and the operational aspects of the services. The objectives : of this study were to become ...

Evaluation of tantalum 316 stainless steel transition joints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoner, D. R.

1972-01-01

Tubular transition joints providing a metallurgically bonded connection between tantalum and 316 stainless steel pipe sections were comparatively evaluated for durability under thermal cycling conditions approximating the operation of a SNAP-8 mercury boiler. Both coextruded and vacuum brazed transition joints of 50mm (2 inch) diameter were tested by thermal cycling 100 times between 730 C and 120 C(1350 F and 250 F) in a high vacuum environment. The twelve evaluated transition joints survived the full test sequence without developing leaks, although liquid penetrant bond line indications eventually developed in all specimens. The brazed transition joints exhibited the best dimensional stability and bond line durability.

An investigation of transitional management problems for the NSTS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunsucker, John L.; Law, Japhet S.

1987-01-01

Analysis and recommendations were provided to the National Space Transportation System (NSTS) on managing the transition from a research and development (R/D) structure to an operational structure. Summaries of published literature on the theory and applications of transition, or change management, and the results of interviews with additional industry personnel whose organizations either have gone through or are now going through change are contained. The issues of flight rates and the flight decision are addressed. The use of a computer simulation model to analyze the effect of varying different parameters on the flight rate was also discussed. The issue of NASA's changing demographics was examined and why this may be a cause for concern. The impact of the whole shuttle system structure on the Challenger accident was presented along with the highlights of the Rogers Commission Report. The proposed reorganization of the NSTS management structure is discussed and how this transition from R/D to operations can be performed.

Search for Pauli exclusion principle violating atomic transitions and electron decay with a p-type point contact germanium detector

DOE PAGES

Abgrall, N.; Arnquist, I. J.; Avignone, F. T.; ...

2016-11-11

Here, a search for Pauli-exclusion-principle-violating K α electron transitions was performed using 89.5 kg-d of data collected with a p-type point contact high-purity germanium detector operated at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility. A lower limit on the transition lifetime of 5.8 × 10 30 s at 90% C.L. was set by looking for a peak at 10.6 keV resulting from the X-ray and Auger electrons present following the transition. A similar analysis was done to look for the decay of atomic K-shell electrons into neutrinos, resulting in a lower limit of 6.8 × 10 30 s at 90% C.L. Itmore » is estimated that the Majorana Demonstrator, a 44 kg array of p-type point contact detectors that will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge, could improve upon these exclusion limits by an order of magnitude after three years of operation.« less

IBS and possible luminosity improvement for RHIC operation below transition energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fedotov,A.V.

There is a strong interest in low-energy RHIC collisions in the energy range below present RHIC transition energy. These collisions win help to answer one of the key questions in the field of QCD about the existence and location of a critical point on the QCD phase diagram. For such low-energy RHIC operation, particle losses from the RF bucket are of particular concern since the longitudinal beam size is comparable to the existing RF bucket at low energies. In this paper, we explore an Intrabeam Scattering (IBS) feature below transition energy that drives the transverse and longitudinal beam temperatures towardsmore » equilibrium to see whether we can minimize longitudinal diffusion due to IBS and predict some luminosity improvement for the low-energy RHIC project.« less

Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO) concept of operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

In support of USDOTs Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Mobility Program, the Dynamic Mobility Applications (DMA) program seeks to create applications that fully leverage frequently collected and rapidly disseminated multi-source data gat...

Assessment of the use of light vehicle safety applications for transit.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-01

This paper is designed to provide funding guidance for state officials who intend to develop, operate, and maintain intelligent transportation systems/commercial vehicle operations (ITS/CVO) projects and programs.

Fast Charge Battery Electric Transit Bus In-Use Fleet Evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prohaska, Robert; Kelly, Kenneth; Eudy, Leslie

2016-07-25

The focus of this interim fleet evaluation is to characterize and evaluate the operating behavior of Foothill Transit's fast charge battery electric buses (BEBs). Future research will compare the BEBs' performance to conventional vehicles. In an effort to better understand the impacts of drive cycle characteristics on advanced vehicle technologies, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory analyzed over 148,000 km of in-use operational data, including driving and charging events. This analysis provides an unbiased evaluation of advanced vehicle technologies in real-world operation demonstrating the importance of understanding the effects of road grade and heating, ventilating and air conditioning requirementsmore » when deploying electric vehicles. The results of this analysis show that the Proterra BE35 demonstrated an operating energy efficiency of 1.34 kWh/km over the data reporting period.« less

Fast Charge Battery Electric Transit Bus In-Use Fleet Evaluation: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prohaska, Robert; Eudy, Leslie; Kelly, Kenneth

2016-05-06

The focus of this interim fleet evaluation is to characterize and evaluate the operating behavior of Foothill Transit's fast charge battery electric buses (BEBs). Future research will compare the BEBs' performance to conventional vehicles. In an effort to better understand the impacts of drive cycle characteristics on advanced vehicle technologies, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory analyzed over 148,000 km of in-use operational data, including driving and charging events. This analysis provides an unbiased evaluation of advanced vehicle technologies in real-world operation demonstrating the importance of understanding the effects of road grade and heating, ventilating and air conditioning requirementsmore » when deploying electric vehicles. The results of this analysis show that the Proterra BE35 demonstrated an operating energy efficiency of 1.34 kWh/km over the data reporting period.« less

Using military friendships to optimize postdeployment reintegration for male Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans.

PubMed

Hinojosa, Ramon; Hinojosa, Melanie Sberna

2011-01-01

Social relationships are important to health out comes. The postdeployment family reintegration literature focuses on the role of the civilian family in facilitating the transition from Active Duty military deployment to civilian society. The focus on the civilian family relationship may miss other important personal connections in veterans' lives. One such connection is the relationship many veterans have with former military unit members who served with them when deployed. Drawing on interviews with male Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans conducted from 2008 to 2009, we argue that the members of a military unit, especially during armed conflict, should be considered a resource to help the "family" reintegration process rather than impede it. This research has implications for current reintegration policy and how best to assist veterans transitioning into civilian society.

Maintenance manager's manual for small transit agencies. Special report 1985-1986

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fowler, W.

1988-03-01

This publication contains information to assist operators of transit agencies providing public transportation in rural and smaller urban areas to better manage their vehicle maintenance programs. The report includes discussions of maintenance management, maintenance programs preventive maintenance, recordkeeping, selection of type of maintenance operation, in-house maintenance, and maintenance practices. Also included are appendixes giving supplementary information about tire loads; lubrication oil; mechanic hand tools; shop tools; mechanic aptitude tests; technical training resources; maintenance management training resources; and lists of manufacturers of air-conditioning systems, wheelchair lifts and wheelchair ramps.

Implications Of The Security Cooperation Office Transition in Afghanistan For Special Operations Forces: An Abbreviated Report of the Study’s Primary Findings

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

for working in an interagency environment can lead to mission success. From the Iraq case study , one former U.S. Forces–Iraq official felt that...of six historical case studies in which the mission of special operations forces (SOF) in country transitioned over time to some level of inclusion...explanation of the methodology applied for case study selec- tion, as well as adopted interview protocols, are provided in the long- form version of

Effective core potential calculations on small molecules containing transition metal atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gropen, O.; Wahlgren, U.; Pettersson, L.

1982-04-01

A series of test calculations on diatomic oxides and hydrides of Sc, Ti, Cr, Ni and Zn have been carried out in order to test the reliability of some pseudopotential methods. Several different forms of some pseudopotential operators were used. Only the highest valence orbitals of each atomic symmetry were explicitly included in the calculations. The results indicate that there are problems associated with all the investigated operators particularly for the lighter transition elements. It is suggested that more reliable results may be obtained with pseudopotential methods using smaller cores.

Transition section for acoustic waveguides

DOEpatents

Karplus, H.H.B.

1975-10-28

A means of facilitating the transmission of acoustic waves with minimal reflection between two regions having different specific acoustic impedances is described comprising a region exhibiting a constant product of cross-sectional area and specific acoustic impedance at each cross-sectional plane along the axis of the transition region. A variety of structures that exhibit this feature is disclosed, the preferred embodiment comprising a nested structure of doubly reentrant cones. This structure is useful for monitoring the operation of nuclear reactors in which random acoustic signals are generated in the course of operation.

Exploration of Force Transition in Stability Operations Using Multi-Agent Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

risk, mission failure risk, and time in the context of the operational threat environment. The Pythagoras Multi-Agent Simulation and Data Farming...NUMBER OF PAGES 173 14. SUBJECT TERMS Stability Operations, Peace Operations, Data Farming, Pythagoras , Agent- Based Model, Multi-Agent Simulation...the operational threat environment. The Pythagoras Multi-Agent Simulation and Data Farming techniques are used to investigate force-level

Enriching mission planning approach with state transition graph heuristics for deep space exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Hao; Xu, Rui; Xu, Wenming; Cui, Pingyuan; Zhu, Shengying

2017-10-01

As to support the mission of Mars exploration in China, automated mission planning is required to enhance security and robustness of deep space probe. Deep space mission planning requires modeling of complex operations constraints and focus on the temporal state transitions of involved subsystems. Also, state transitions are ubiquitous in physical systems, but have been elusive for knowledge description. We introduce a modeling approach to cope with these difficulties that takes state transitions into consideration. The key technique we build on is the notion of extended states and state transition graphs. Furthermore, a heuristics that based on state transition graphs is proposed to avoid redundant work. Finally, we run comprehensive experiments on selected domains and our techniques present an excellent performance.

Determining effective roadway design treatments for transitioning from rural areas to urban areas on state highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

This report reviews an Oregon research effort to identify ways to calm operating speeds as the vehicles transition into developed suburban/urban areas from rural roads. Drivers of vehicles approaching the urban environment have few visual cues to red...

Examination of Regional Transit Service under Contracting : A Case Study in the Greater New Orleans Region : [Executive Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

In late 2008, New Orleans Regional Transit Authority (RTA) began to execute a delegated management contract with a multinational private firm, in order to not only increase efficiency and effectiveness in operation and maintenance of public tra...

49 CFR 655.15 - Policy statement contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Policy statement contents. 655.15 Section 655.15 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL MISUSE AND PROHIBITED DRUG USE IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS Program Requirements § 655.15 Policy...

Systems Operation Studies for Automated Guideway Transit Systems: Feeder Systems Model Functional Specification

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

This document specifies the functional requirements for the AGT-SOS Feeder Systems Model (FSM), the type of hardware required, and the modeling techniques employed by the FSM. The objective of the FSM is to map the zone-to-zone transit patronage dema...

Dynamic Mobility Applications Policy Analysis: Policy and Institutional Issues for Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (IDTO). [supporting datasets

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-01-27

The datasets in this zip file are in support of Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office (ITS JPO) report FHWA-JPO-14-134, "Dynamic Mobility Applications Policy Analysis: Policy and Institutional Issues for Integrated Dynamic Transit O...

24 CFR 990.235 - PHAs that will experience a subsidy increase.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding... the difference between the two funding levels in the first year following implementation of the...) For example, a PHA's subsidy increased from $900,000 under the formula in effect prior to...

24 CFR 990.235 - PHAs that will experience a subsidy increase.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding... the difference between the two funding levels in the first year following implementation of the...) For example, a PHA's subsidy increased from $900,000 under the formula in effect prior to...

24 CFR 990.235 - PHAs that will experience a subsidy increase.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding... the difference between the two funding levels in the first year following implementation of the...) For example, a PHA's subsidy increased from $900,000 under the formula in effect prior to...

Identifying best practices for managing operating costs for rural and small urban transportation systems: technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Rural and small urban transit providers across the United States face fiscal challenges caused by the growing : gap between the cost of providing transit service and available federal, state, and local funding. In Texas, the : fiscal challenges facin...

Montachusett Area Regional Transit Authority (MART) automatic vehicle location and mobile data terminal (AVL/MDT) pilot program report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-02-14

The Montachusett Area Regional Transit Authority (MART) MART was established in 1978 to provide public transportation to the 18 Massachusetts communities. MART fixed-route service operates with 26 buses. Its paratransit services are more extensive, a...

Spectroscopy and lasing of Tm:SrMoO4 crystal near 1.5, 1.9, and 2.3-μm under 793-nm excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šulc, Jan; Švejkar, Richard; Němec, Michal; Doroshenko, Maxim E.; Jelínková, Helena; Ivleva, Liudmila I.; Dunaeva, Elizaveta E.

2018-02-01

The spectroscopy properties and lasing of diode pumped Tm-doped strontium molybdate SrMoO4 single crystal were investigated at room temperature. The Tm:SrMoO4 crystal was grown by modified Stepanov method (2 wt.% of TmNbO4 in the melt). The tested Tm:SrMoO4 sample was cut from the grown crystal boule perpendicularly to growth direction 100. For spectroscopy and laser experiments 4.2mm thick plane-parallel face-polished plate (without AR coatings) was used. A fiber-coupled laser diode operating at wavelength 793nm was used for longitudinal Tm:SrMoO4 pumping which corresponds to 3H4 level excitation. Fluorescence spectra measurement showed strong emission in vicinity of 1.8 μm (3F4 -> 3H6 transition), and also significant emission close to wavelengths 1.45 μm (3H4 -> 3F4 transition) and 2.3 μm (3H4 -> 3H5 transition). The lasing was successfully reached for all these three transitions and output characteristics were measured. The pumping laser diode was operating in the pulsed regime with a low duty cycle. The 145mm long semi-hemispherical laser resonator consisted of flat pumping mirror (HT @ 0.79 μm) and curved (r = 150mm) output coupler. For each lasing transition the particular set of resonator mirrors was used to reach high reflexivity of pumping mirror and output coupler transmission 0.5% at laser operation wavelength. The obtained laser emission wavelengths were 1.95 μm, 1.45 & 1.49 μm, and 2.30 μm. In spite of low laser slope efficiency in respect to absorbed pumping power (0.45% for 3H4 -> 3F4 transition, 0.50% for 3F4 -> 3H6 transition and 0.83% for 3H4 -> 3H5 transition), results obtained are promising for further development of diode-pumped laser at 2.3 μm spectral region.

Constrained Optimization of Average Arrival Time via a Probabilistic Approach to Transport Reliability

PubMed Central

Namazi-Rad, Mohammad-Reza; Dunbar, Michelle; Ghaderi, Hadi; Mokhtarian, Payam

2015-01-01

To achieve greater transit-time reduction and improvement in reliability of transport services, there is an increasing need to assist transport planners in understanding the value of punctuality; i.e. the potential improvements, not only to service quality and the consumer but also to the actual profitability of the service. In order for this to be achieved, it is important to understand the network-specific aspects that affect both the ability to decrease transit-time, and the associated cost-benefit of doing so. In this paper, we outline a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed changes to average transit-time, so as to determine the optimal choice of average arrival time subject to desired punctuality levels whilst simultaneously minimizing operational costs. We model the service transit-time variability using a truncated probability density function, and simultaneously compare the trade-off between potential gains and increased service costs, for several commonly employed cost-benefit functions of general form. We formulate this problem as a constrained optimization problem to determine the optimal choice of average transit time, so as to increase the level of service punctuality, whilst simultaneously ensuring a minimum level of cost-benefit to the service operator. PMID:25992902

Constraints on a Second Planet in the WASP-3 System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maciejewski, G.; Niedzielski, A.; Wolszczan, A.; Nowak, G.; Neuhäuser, R.; Winn, J. N.; Deka, B.; Adamów, M.; Górecka, M.; Fernández, M.; Aceituno, F. J.; Ohlert, J.; Errmann, R.; Seeliger, M.; Dimitrov, D.; Latham, D. W.; Esquerdo, G. A.; McKnight, L.; Holman, M. J.; Jensen, E. L. N.; Kramm, U.; Pribulla, T.; Raetz, St.; Schmidt, T. O. B.; Ginski, Ch.; Mottola, S.; Hellmich, S.; Adam, Ch.; Gilbert, H.; Mugrauer, M.; Saral, G.; Popov, V.; Raetz, M.

2013-12-01

There have been previous hints that the transiting planet WASP-3b is accompanied by a second planet in a nearby orbit, based on small deviations from strict periodicity of the observed transits. Here we present 17 precise radial velocity (RV) measurements and 32 transit light curves that were acquired between 2009 and 2011. These data were used to refine the parameters of the host star and transiting planet. This has resulted in reduced uncertainties for the radii and masses of the star and planet. The RV data and the transit times show no evidence for an additional planet in the system. Therefore, we have determined the upper limit on the mass of any hypothetical second planet, as a function of its orbital period. Partly based on (1) observations made at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA), operated jointly by the Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), (2) data collected with telescopes at the Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory, and (3) observations obtained with telescopes of the University Observatory Jena, which is operated by the Astrophysical Institute of the Friedrich-Schiller-University.

Waveguide Transition for Submillimeter-Wave MMICs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leong, Kevin M.; Deal, William R.; Radisic, Vesna; Mei, Xiaobing; Uyeda, Jansen; Lai, Richard; Fung, King Man; Gaier, Todd C.

2009-01-01

An integrated waveguide-to-MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) chip operating in the 300-GHz range is designed to operate well on high-permittivity semiconductor substrates typical for an MMIC amplifier, and allows a wider MMIC substrate to be used, enabling integration with larger MMICs (power amplifiers). The waveguide-to- CBCPW (conductor-backed coplanar waveguide) transition topology is based on an integrated dipole placed in the E-plane of the waveguide module. It demonstrates low loss and good impedance matching. Measurement and simulation demonstrate that the loss of the transition and waveguide loss is less than 1-dB over a 340-to-380-GHz bandwidth. A transition is inserted along the propagation direction of the waveguide. This transition uses a planar dipole aligned with the maximum E-field of the TE10 waveguide mode as an inter face between the waveguide and the MMIC. Mode conversion between the coplanar striplines (CPS) that feed the dipole and the CBCPW transmission line is accomplished using a simple air-bridge structure. The bottom side ground plane is truncated at the same reference as the top-side ground plane, leaving the end of the MMIC suspended in air.

Buoyancy Effects on Flow Transition in Low-Density Inertial Gas Jets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pasumarthi, Kasyap S.; Agrawal, Ajay K.

2005-01-01

Effects of buoyancy on transition from laminar to turbulent flow are presented for momentum-dominated helium jet injected into ambient air. The buoyancy was varied in a 2.2-sec drop tower facility without affecting the remaining operating parameters. The jet flow in Earth gravity and microgravity was visualized using the rainbow schlieren deflectometry apparatus. Results show significant changes in the flow structure and transition behavior in the absence of buoyancy.

Descriptions of Transit Maintenance Management Information Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-10-01

This 289-page report presents an overview of ten maintenance management information systems that are currently operational or near-operational on minicomputers or microcomputers. The systems described address one or more of the following concerns: co...

Rail capacity improvement study for heavy rail transit operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

This study offers a combination of considerations and evaluation tools pertaining to relevant means of capacity improvements (technology, operations, route, and vehicle upgrades), both conventional and emerging. Guidance regarding the economics is of...

ICMS concept of operations for a generic corridor

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-18

This Generic Concept of Operations for Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) has been developed as part of Phase 1 (Foundational Research) for the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration (FHWA/FTA) Integrated Corridor Man...

Team processes in airway facilities operations control centers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-07-01

In October 2000, the Airway Facilities organization plans to transition the National Airspace System (NAS) monitoring responsibilities to three regional Operations Control Centers (OCCs). Teams in these facilities will be different from those that cu...

Assembly, characterization, and operation of large-scale TES detector arrays for ACTPol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pappas, Christine Goodwin

2016-01-01

The Polarization-sensitive Receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACTPol) is designed to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies on small angular scales. Measurements of the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies have produced arguably the most important cosmological data to date, establishing the LambdaCDM model and providing the best constraints on most of its parameters. To detect the very small fluctuations in the CMB signal across the sky, ACTPol uses feedhorn-coupled Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) detectors. A TES is a superconducting thin film operated in the transition region between the superconducting and normal states, where it functions as a highly sensitive resistive thermometer. In this thesis, aspects of the assembly, characterization, and in-field operation of the ACTPol TES detector arrays are discussed. First, a novel microfabrication process for producing high-density superconducting aluminum/polyimide flexible circuitry (flex) designed to connect large-scale detector arrays to the first stage of readout is presented. The flex is used in parts of the third ACTPol array and is currently being produced for use in the AdvACT detector arrays, which will begin to replace the ACTPol arrays in 2016. Next, we describe methods and results for the in-lab and on-telescope characterization of the detectors in the third ACTPol array. Finally, we describe the ACTPol TES R(T,I) transition shapes and how they affect the detector calibration and operation. Methods for measuring the exact detector calibration and re-biasing functions, taking into account the R(T,I) transition shape, are presented.

Transforming the "Valley of Death" into a "Valley of Opportunity"

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jedlovec, Gary J.; Merceret, Francis J.; O'Brien, T. P.; Roeder, William P.; Huddleston, Lisa L.; Bauman, William H., III

2014-01-01

Transitioning technology from research to operations (23 R2O) is difficult. The problem's importance is exemplified in the literature and in every failed attempt to do so. Although the R2O gap is often called the "valley of death", a recent a Space Weather editorial called it a "Valley of Opportunity". There are significant opportunities for space weather organizations to learn from the terrestrial experience. Dedicated R2O organizations like those of the various NOAA testbeds and collaborative "proving ground" projects take common approaches to improving terrestrial weather forecasting through the early transition of research capabilities into the operational environment. Here we present experience-proven principles for the establishment and operation of similar space weather organizations, public or private. These principles were developed and currently being demonstrated by NASA at the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) and the Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center. The AMU was established in 1991 jointly by NASA, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the National Weather Service (NWS) to provide tools and techniques for improving weather support to the Space Shuttle Program (Madura et al., 2011). The primary customers were the USAF 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS) and the NWS Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG who provided the weather observing and forecast support for Shuttle operations). SPoRT was established in 2002 to transition NASA satellite and remote-sensing technology to the NWS. The continuing success of these organizations suggests the common principles guiding them may be valuable for similar endeavors in the space weather arena.

Economics of transitioning from a cow-calf-yearling operation to a stocker operation as a potential strategy to address brucellosis risk in northwestern Wyoming

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

An alternative enterprise for cattle ranchers that produce cows and calves is the production of stocker cattle. While stocker only operations have generally found to be less profitable than cow-calf or cow-calf-yearling operations, potential reasons for switching to stockers from having cows could i...

77 FR 57492 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Grosse Tete Bayou, Iberville Parish, LA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-18

... requiring the draw operations in 33 CFR 117.449 (a) was modified to be a fixed span bridge in May of 2012. The bridge operator and those transiting in the vicinity of this bridge have not executed any draw operations since the regulation that governs the bridge was changed to state that ``the draw * * * need not...

A review and analysis of boundary layer transition data for turbine application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaugler, R. E.

1984-01-01

A symposium on transition in turbines was held at the NASA Lewis Research Center. One recommendation of the working groups was the collection of existing transition data to provide standard cases against which models could be tested. A number of data sets from the open literature that include heat transfer data in apparently transitional boundary layers, with particular application to the turbine environment, were reviewed and analyzed to extract transition information from the heat transfer data. The data sets reviewed cover a wide range of flow conditions, from low speed, flat plate tests to full scale turbine airfoils operating at simulated turbine engine conditions. The results indicate that free stream turbulence and pressure gradient have strong, and opposite, effects on the location of the start of transition and on the length of the transition zone.

A review and analysis of boundary layer transition data for turbine application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaugler, R. E.

1985-01-01

A symposium on transition in turbines was held at the NASA Lewis Research Center. One recommendation of the working groups was the collection of existing transition data to provide standard cases against which models could be tested. A number of data sets from the open literature that include heat transfer data in apparently transitional boundary layers, with particular application to the turbine environment, were reviewed and analyzed to extract transition information from the heat transfer data. The data sets reviewed cover a wide range of flow conditions, from low speed, flat plate tests to full scale turbine airfoils operating at simulated turbine engine conditions. The results indicate that free stream turbulence and pressure gradient have strong, and opposite, effects on the location of the start of transition and on the length of the transition zone.

25 CFR 170.148 - What is a tribal transit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Transit Facilities § 170.148 What is a... operation and maintenance of a system associated with the public movement of people served within a...

Determining effective roadway design treatments for transitioning from rural areas to urban areas on state highways : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

This report reviews an Oregon research effort to identify ways to calm operating speeds as the vehicles transition into developed suburban/urban areas from rural roads. Drivers of vehicles approaching the urban environment have few visual cues to red...

Training and Development for Transitional Employment in Mature-Aged Manual Workers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pillay, Hitendra; Kelly, Kathy; Tones, Megan

2010-01-01

Objectives: The purpose of the current article was to explore perceptions of transitional employment and training and development amongst blue collar workers employed in technical, trade, operations or physical and labour-intensive occupations within the local government system. Methods: The responses of manual workers to two national surveys…

31 CFR 205.27 - How are Interest Calculation Costs calculated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... & Planning Trust Fund (CFDA 20.205); Airport Improvement Trust Fund (CFDA 20.106); Federal Transit Capital Improvement Trust Fund (CFDA 20.500); Federal Transit Capital & Operating Assistance Trust Fund (CFDA 20.507); and Social Security—Disability Insurance Trust Fund (CFDA 96.001); and (2) The aggregate payments from...

Noise level measurements on the UMTA Mark I Diagnostic Car (R42 MODEL)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-10-01

The R42 Model mass transit car currently operating on the "N" line of the new York City Transit System was selected for experimentation and tests. For this purpose, the car was instrumented and designated as the UMTA Mark I Diagnostic Car. Noise leve...

24 CFR 990.230 - PHAs that will experience a subsidy reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE PUBLIC HOUSING OPERATING FUND PROGRAM Transition Policy and Transition Funding... percent of the difference between the two funding levels in the first year of implementation of the formula contained in this part; (2) 24 percent of the difference between the two funding levels in the...

Multilayer heterostructures for quantum-cascade lasers operating in the terahertz frequency range

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhukov, A. E., E-mail: Zhukale@gmail.com; Cirlin, G. E.; Reznik, R. R.

2016-05-15

The results obtained in a study of the structural and optical properties of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with 228 quantum cascades, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and in a simulation of interband optical transitions and transitions between the energy levels of a cascade are presented.

49 CFR 659.31 - Hazard management process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Hazard management process. 659.31 Section 659.31... Agency § 659.31 Hazard management process. (a) The oversight agency must require the rail transit agency..., operational changes, or other changes within the rail transit environment. (b) The hazard management process...

49 CFR 659.31 - Hazard management process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Hazard management process. 659.31 Section 659.31... Agency § 659.31 Hazard management process. (a) The oversight agency must require the rail transit agency..., operational changes, or other changes within the rail transit environment. (b) The hazard management process...

49 CFR 659.31 - Hazard management process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Hazard management process. 659.31 Section 659.31... Agency § 659.31 Hazard management process. (a) The oversight agency must require the rail transit agency..., operational changes, or other changes within the rail transit environment. (b) The hazard management process...

Detection of boundary-layer transitions in wind tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, W. R.; Somers, D. M.

1978-01-01

Accelerometer replaces stethoscope in technique for detection of laminar-to-turbulent boundary-layer transitions on wind-tunnel models. Technique allows measurements above or below atmospheric pressure because human operator is not required within tunnel. Data may be taken from accelerometer, and pressure transducer simultaneously, and delivered to systems for analysis.

7 CFR 1463.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2005-2014 TOBACCO TRANSITION PROGRAM Tobacco Transition... payments due on September 30, 2014, the adjusted market share will be the entity's share of a class of tobacco during the April 1-June 30, 2014 quarter. Base period means the period July 1 through June 30...

31 CFR 205.27 - How are Interest Calculation Costs calculated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... & Planning Trust Fund (CFDA 20.205); Airport Improvement Trust Fund (CFDA 20.106); Federal Transit Capital Improvement Trust Fund (CFDA 20.500); Federal Transit Capital & Operating Assistance Trust Fund (CFDA 20.507); and Social Security—Disability Insurance Trust Fund (CFDA 96.001); and (2) The aggregate payments from...

Bus transit operational efficiency resulting from passenger boardings at park-and-ride facilities.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

In order to save time and money by not driving to an ultimate destination, some urban commuters drive themselves a few miles to specially designated parking lots built for transit customers and located where trains or buses stop. The focus of this pa...

Microcomputers in Transit: A Needs Assessment and Implementation Handbook. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyatt, Eve; Smerk, George

This handbook describes a practical step-by-step process for introducing microcomputers to small- and medium-sized transit operating agencies. The introductory chapter deals with the objective of buying a microcomputer system, the characteristics of microcomputers, microcomputer software, microcomputer system components, and issues faced in…

Highway Accident Summary Report: Bus Collision With Pedestrians, Normandy, Missouri, June 11, 1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-02-19

On June 11, 1997, a transit bus collided with seven pedestrians at a "park and ride" transit facility in Normandy, Missouri. The bus was being operated by a driver trainee who had just completed a routine stop at the station. After allowing the passe...

Modelling the impact of causal and non-causal factors on disruption duration for Toronto's subway system: An exploratory investigation using hazard modelling.

PubMed

Louie, Jacob; Shalaby, Amer; Habib, Khandker Nurul

2017-01-01

Most investigations of incident-related delay duration in the transportation context are restricted to highway traffic, with little attention given to delays due to transit service disruptions. Studies of transit-based delay duration are also considerably less comprehensive than their highway counterparts with respect to examining the effects of non-causal variables on the delay duration. However, delays due to incidents in public transit service can have serious consequences on the overall urban transportation system due to the pivotal and vital role of public transit. The ability to predict the durations of various types of transit system incidents is indispensable for better management and mitigation of service disruptions. This paper presents a detailed investigation on incident delay durations in Toronto's subway system over the year 2013, focusing on the effects of the incidents' location and time, the train-type involved, and the non-adherence to proper recovery procedures. Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard models are estimated to investigate the relationship between these factors and the resulting delay duration. The empirical investigation reveals that incident types that impact both safety and operations simultaneously generally have longer expected delays than incident types that impact either safety or operations alone. Incidents at interchange stations are cleared faster than incidents at non-interchange stations. Incidents during peak periods have nearly the same delay durations as off-peak incidents. The estimated models are believed to be useful tools in predicting the relative magnitude of incident delay duration for better management of subway operations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of the Turbine Based Combined Cycle Discipline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Scott R.; Walker, James F.; Pittman, James L.

2009-01-01

The NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Hypersonics project is focused on technologies for combined cycle, airbreathing propulsions systems to enable reusable launch systems for access to space. Turbine Based Combined Cycle (TBCC) propulsion systems offer specific impulse (Isp) improvements over rocket-based propulsion systems in the subsonic takeoff and return mission segments and offer improved safety. The potential to realize more aircraft-like operations with expanded launch site capability and reduced system maintenance are additional benefits. The most critical TBCC enabling technologies as identified in the National Aeronautics Institute (NAI) study were: 1) mode transition from the low speed propulsion system to the high speed propulsion system, 2) high Mach turbine engine development, 3) transonic aero-propulsion performance, 4) low-Mach-number dual-mode scramjet operation, 5) innovative 3-D flowpath concepts and 6) innovative turbine based combined cycle integration. To address several of these key TBCC challenges, NASA s Hypersonics project (TBCC Discipline) initiated an experimental mode transition task that includes an analytic research endeavor to assess the state-of-the-art of propulsion system performance and design codes. This initiative includes inlet fluid and turbine performance codes and engineering-level algorithms. This effort has been focused on the Combined Cycle Engine Large-Scale Inlet Mode Transition Experiment (CCE LIMX) which is a fully integrated TBCC propulsion system with flow path sizing consistent with previous NASA and DoD proposed Hypersonic experimental flight test plans. This experiment is being tested in the NASA-GRC 10 x 10 Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT) Facility. The goal of this activity is to address key hypersonic combined-cycle-engine issues: (1) dual integrated inlet operability and performance issues unstart constraints, distortion constraints, bleed requirements, controls, and operability margins, (2) mode-transition constraints imposed by the turbine and the ramjet/scramjet flow paths (imposed variable geometry requirements), (3) turbine engine transients (and associated time scales) during transition, (4) high-altitude turbine engine re-light, and (5) the operating constraints of a Mach 3-7 combustor (specific to the TBCC). The model will be tested in several test phases to develop a unique TBCC database to assess and validate design and analysis tools and address operability, integration, and interaction issues for this class of advanced propulsion systems. The test article and all support equipment is complete and available at the facility. The test article installation and facility build-up in preparation for the inlet performance and operability characterization is near completion and testing is planned to commence in FY11.

Methodology for urban rail and construction technology research and development planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rubenstein, L. D.; Land, J. E.; Deshpande, G.; Dayman, B.; Warren, E. H.

1980-01-01

A series of transit system visits, organized by the American Public Transit Association (APTA), was conducted in which the system operators identified the most pressing development needs. These varied by property and were reformulated into a series of potential projects. To assist in the evaluation, a data base useful for estimating the present capital and operating costs of various transit system elements was generated from published data. An evaluation model was developed which considered the rate of deployment of the research and development project, potential benefits, development time and cost. An outline of an evaluation methodology that considered benefits other than capital and operating cost savings was also presented. During the course of the study, five candidate projects were selected for detailed investigation; (1) air comfort systems; (2) solid state auxiliary power conditioners; (3) door systems; (4) escalators; and (5) fare collection systems. Application of the evaluation model to these five examples showed the usefulness of modeling deployment rates and indicated a need to increase the scope of the model to quantitatively consider reliability impacts.

Flow field investigation in a bulb turbine diffuser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, M.; Duquesne, P.; Aeschlimann, V.; Deschênes, C.

2017-04-01

An important drop in turbine performances has been measured in a bulb turbine model operated at overload. Previous investigations have correlated the performance drop with diffuser losses, and particularly to the flow separation zone at the diffuser wall. The flow has been investigated in the transition part of the diffuser using two LDV measurement sections. The transition part is a diffuser section that transforms from a circular to a rectangular section. The two measurement sections are at the inlet and outlet of the diffuser transition part. The turbine has been operated at three operating points, which are representative of different flow patterns at the diffuser exit at overload. In addition to the average velocity field, the analysis is conducted based on a backflow occurrence function and on the swirl level. Results reveal a counter-rotating zone in the diffuser, which intensifies with the guide vanes opening. The guide vanes opening induces a modification of the flow phenomena: from a central backflow recirculation zone at the lowest flowrate to a backflow zone induced by flow separation at the wall at the highest flowrate.

Extraboard performance : TriMet case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

This paper examines extraboard operations and management at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland Oregon metropolitan area. The : extraboard consists of a pool of operators who fill open work resulting from absences and other causes. The pape...

Evaluation of the advanced operating system of the Ann Arbor Transit Authority

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

These reports constitute an evaluation of the intelligent transportation system deployment efforts of the Ann Arbor Transportation Authority. These efforts, collectively termed "Advanced Operating System" (AOS), represent a vision of an integrated ad...

IVHS Institutional Issues and Case Studies: Transcom/Transmit Case Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-04-01

The Transportation Operations Coordinating Committee (TRANSCOM) is a coalition of 15 traffic, transit, and police agencies in the New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut metropolitan area. TRANSCOM's IVHS operational field test, the TRANSCOM System for...

Lift : Special Needs Transportation in Portland, Oregon

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

The report covers Portland, Oregon's Special Needs Transportation (SNT) project - the Lift - during its first year of operation. The purposes of this UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) is to: (1) test a transit operator's ability to provide...

Characterization of Stormwater Runoff from a Light Rail Transit Area.

PubMed

Sajjad, Raja Umer; Kim, Kyoung Jin; Memon, Sheeraz; Sukhbaatar, Chinzorig; Paule, Ma Cristina; Lee, Bum-Yeon; Lee, Chang-Hee

2015-09-01

The monitoring of stormwater runoff from Light Rail Transit (LRT) facilities is insufficient in many regions around the world. In this study, runoff quality and quantity were monitored during operational and non-operational LRT phases during 2010-2013. The event mean concentration (EMC) of pollutants showed little statistical variability during both phases. The antecedent dry day (ADD) showed a strong to moderate positive correlation with most pollutant EMCs during the non-operational phase. The existence and magnitude of the first flush from LRT runoff was found to be similar to those from other transportation land uses. The comparison of LRT runoff data with an adjacent road bridge site showed that the pollutant EMC and unit load were 2 to 9 times higher from the road bridge. It was suggested that LRT automated operation and the elevated track makes this transportation mode a viable option for the management of non-point source pollution.

Spitzer Mission Operation System Planning for IRAC Warm-Instrument Characterization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunt, Joseph C., Jr.; Sarrel, Marc A.; Mahoney, William A.

2010-01-01

This paper will describe how the Spitzer Mission Operations System planned and executed the characterization phase between Spitzer's cryogenic mission and its warm mission. To the largest extend possible, the execution of this phase was done with existing processing and procedures. The modifications that were made were in response to the differences of the characterization phase compared to normal phases before and after. The primary two categories of difference are: unknown date of execution due to uncertainty of knowledge of the date of helium depletion, and the short cycle time for data analysis and re-planning during execution. In addition, all of the planning and design had to be done in parallel with normal operations, and we had to transition smoothly back to normal operations following the transition. This paper will also describe the re-planning we had to do following an anomaly discovered in the first days after helium depletion.

Effective operators in a single-j orbital

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Derbali, E.; Van Isacker, P.; Tellili, B.; Souga, C.

2018-03-01

We present an analysis of effective operators in the shell model with up to three-body interactions in the Hamiltonian and two-body terms in electromagnetic transition operators when the nucleons are either neutrons or protons occupying a single-j orbital. We first show that evidence for an effective three-body interaction exists in the N = 50 isotones and in the lead isotopes but that the separate components of such interaction are difficult to obtain empirically. We then determine higher-order terms on more microscopic grounds. The starting point is a realistic two-body interaction in a large shell-model space together with a standard one-body transition operator, which, after restriction to the dominant orbital and with use of stationary perturbation theory, are transformed into effective versions with higher-order terms. An application is presented for the lead isotopes with neutrons in the 1{g}9/2 orbital.

Refined geometric transition and qq-characters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kimura, Taro; Mori, Hironori; Sugimoto, Yuji

2018-01-01

We show the refinement of the prescription for the geometric transition in the refined topological string theory and, as its application, discuss a possibility to describe qq-characters from the string theory point of view. Though the suggested way to operate the refined geometric transition has passed through several checks, it is additionally found in this paper that the presence of the preferred direction brings a nontrivial effect. We provide the modified formula involving this point. We then apply our prescription of the refined geometric transition to proposing the stringy description of doubly quantized Seiberg-Witten curves called qq-characters in certain cases.

An experimental investigation of wall boundary layer transition Reynolds numbers in an expansion tube

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weilmuenster, K. J.

1974-01-01

Experimental measurements of boundary-layer transition in an expansion-tube test-gas flow are presented along with radial distributions of pitot pressure. An integral method for calculating constant Reynolds number lines for an expansion-tube flow is introduced. Comparison of experimental data and constant Reynolds number calculations has shown that for given conditions, wall boundary-layer transition occurs at a constant Reynolds number in an expansion-tube flow. Operating conditions in the expansion tube were chosen so that the effects of test-gas nonequilibrium on boundary-layer transition could be studied.

Summary of development and recommendations for a quality assurance program for the procurement and manufacture of urban mass transit operating equipment and systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Witkin, S. A.

1976-01-01

A viable quality program for the urban mass transit industry, and a management approach to ensure compliance with the program are outlined. Included are: (1) a set of guidelines for quality assurance to be imposed on transit authorities, and a management approach to ensure compliance with them; (2) a management approach to be used by the transit authorities (properties) for assuring compliance with the QA guidelines; and (3) quality assurance guidelines to be imposed by properties and umta for procurement of hardware and systems.

ACS from development to operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caproni, Alessandro; Colomer, Pau; Jeram, Bogdan; Sommer, Heiko; Chiozzi, Gianluca; Mañas, Miguel M.

2016-08-01

The ALMA Common Software (ACS), provides the infrastructure of the distributed software system of ALMA and other projects. ACS, built on top of CORBA and Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware, is based on a Component- Container paradigm and hides the complexity of the middleware allowing the developer to focus on domain specific issues. The transition of the ALMA observatory from construction to operations brings with it that ACS effort focuses primarily on scalability, stability and robustness rather than on new features. The transition came together with a shorter release cycle and a more extensive testing. For scalability, the most problematic area has been the CORBA notification service, used to implement the publisher subscriber pattern because of the asynchronous nature of the paradigm: a lot of effort has been spent to improve its stability and recovery from run time errors. The original bulk data mechanism, implemented using the CORBA Audio/Video Streaming Service, showed its limitations and has been replaced with a more performant and scalable DDS implementation. Operational needs showed soon the difference between releases cycles for Online software (i.e. used during observations) and Offline software, which requires much more frequent releases. This paper attempts to describe the impact the transition from construction to operations had on ACS, the solution adopted so far and a look into future evolution.

Stochastic optimal operation of reservoirs based on copula functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lei, Xiao-hui; Tan, Qiao-feng; Wang, Xu; Wang, Hao; Wen, Xin; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Jing-wen

2018-02-01

Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) has been widely used to derive operating policies for reservoirs considering streamflow uncertainties. In SDP, there is a need to calculate the transition probability matrix more accurately and efficiently in order to improve the economic benefit of reservoir operation. In this study, we proposed a stochastic optimization model for hydropower generation reservoirs, in which 1) the transition probability matrix was calculated based on copula functions; and 2) the value function of the last period was calculated by stepwise iteration. Firstly, the marginal distribution of stochastic inflow in each period was built and the joint distributions of adjacent periods were obtained using the three members of the Archimedean copulas, based on which the conditional probability formula was derived. Then, the value in the last period was calculated by a simple recursive equation with the proposed stepwise iteration method and the value function was fitted with a linear regression model. These improvements were incorporated into the classic SDP and applied to the case study in Ertan reservoir, China. The results show that the transition probability matrix can be more easily and accurately obtained by the proposed copula function based method than conventional methods based on the observed or synthetic streamflow series, and the reservoir operation benefit can also be increased.

Savannah River bus project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Summers, W.A.

1998-08-01

The H2Fuel Bus is the world`s first hybrid hydrogen electric transit bus. It was developed through a public/private partnership involving several leading technology and industrial organizations in the Southeast, with primary funding and program management provided by the Department of Energy. The primary goals of the project are to gain valuable information on the technical readiness and economic viability of hydrogen buses and to enhance the public awareness and acceptance of emerging hydrogen technologies. The bus has been operated by the transit agency in Augusta, Georgia since April, 1997. It employs a hybrid IC engine/battery/electric drive system, with onboard hydrogenmore » fuel storage based on the use of metal hydrides. Initial operating results have demonstrated an overall energy efficiency (miles per Btu) of twice that of a similar diesel-fueled bus and an operating range twice that of an all-battery powered electric bus. Tailpipe emissions are negligible, with NOx less than 0.2 ppm. Permitting, liability and insurance issues were addressed on the basis of extensive risk assessment and safety analyses, with the inherent safety characteristic of metal hydride storage playing a major role in minimizing these concerns. Future plans for the bus include continued transit operation and use as a national testbed, with potential modifications to demonstrate other hydrogen technologies, including fuel cells.« less

Voltage- and current-activated metal-insulator transition in VO2-based electrical switches: a lifetime operation analysis.

PubMed

Crunteanu, Aurelian; Givernaud, Julien; Leroy, Jonathan; Mardivirin, David; Champeaux, Corinne; Orlianges, Jean-Christophe; Catherinot, Alain; Blondy, Pierre

2010-12-01

Vanadium dioxide is an intensively studied material that undergoes a temperature-induced metal-insulator phase transition accompanied by a large change in electrical resistivity. Electrical switches based on this material show promising properties in terms of speed and broadband operation. The exploration of the failure behavior and reliability of such devices is very important in view of their integration in practical electronic circuits. We performed systematic lifetime investigations of two-terminal switches based on the electrical activation of the metal-insulator transition in VO 2 thin films. The devices were integrated in coplanar microwave waveguides (CPWs) in series configuration. We detected the evolution of a 10 GHz microwave signal transmitted through the CPW, modulated by the activation of the VO 2 switches in both voltage- and current-controlled modes. We demonstrated enhanced lifetime operation of current-controlled VO 2 -based switching (more than 260 million cycles without failure) compared with the voltage-activated mode (breakdown at around 16 million activation cycles). The evolution of the electrical self-oscillations of a VO 2 -based switch induced in the current-operated mode is a subtle indicator of the material properties modification and can be used to monitor its behavior under various external stresses in sensor applications.

Chirped Pulse Spectrometer Operating at 200 GHz

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hindle, Francis; Bray, Cédric; Hickson, Kevin; Fontanari, Daniele; Mouelhi, Meriem; Cuisset, Arnaud; Mouret, Gaël; Bocquet, Robin

2018-01-01

The combination of electronic sources operating at high frequencies and modern microwave instrumentation has enabled the recent development of chirped pulse spectrometers for the millimetre and THz bands. This type of instrument can operate at high resolution which is particularly suited to gas-phase rotational spectroscopy. The construction of a chirped pulse spectrometer operating at 200 GHz is described in detail while attention is paid to the phase stability and the data accumulation over many cycles. Validation using carbonyl sulphide has allowed the detection limit of the instrument to be established as function of the accumulation. A large number of OCS transitions were identified using a 10-GHz chirped pulse and include the six most abundant isotopologues, the weakest line corresponding to the fundamental R(17) transition of 16O13C33S with a line strength of 4.3 × 10-26 cm-1/(molecule cm-2). The linearity of the system response for different degrees of data accumulation and transition line strength was confirmed over four orders of magnitudes. A simple analysis of the time-domain data was demonstrated to provide the line-broadening coefficient without the need for conversion by a Fourier transform. Finally, the pulse duration is discussed and optimal values are given for both Doppler-limited and collisional regimes.

Abating New York City transit noise: a matter of will, not way.

PubMed

Bronzaft, Arline L

2010-01-01

From the latter part of the 19th century, when New York City trains began to operate, until the present time, New York City's Transit Authority has received train noise complaints from riders and residents living near its transit system. The growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse effects of noise on physical and mental health raises the question as to whether transit noise is hazardous to the health of New York City's transit riders and residents living near the transit system. Several studies have examined the impacts of the noise of New York's transit system on hearing, health and learning. Despite the Transit Authority's efforts to remedy transit noise in response to complaints, the noise problem has not yet been satisfactorily ameliorated. This paper will suggest how the Transit Authority could employ techniques that could lower the noise levels of its system and benefit the health and welfare of New Yorkers. The recommendations in this paper could also apply to other cities with major transit systems where noise abatement has not been treated seriously.

Defining the Community-Based Education Alliance: Outcomes, Values, Purposes, and Operating Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fina, Nicholas J.

2009-01-01

This paper explores the stakeholder values, desired student outcomes, organizational purposes, and operating model of the Community-based Education Alliance (CBEA), a transition program operated by a partnership between the Center for Disabilities Studies of the University of Delaware, and two school districts in New Castle County, Delaware. The…

47 CFR 15.37 - Transition provisions for compliance with the rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Prior to May 25, 1991, person shall import, market or operate intentional radiators within the band 902... operation within the band 902-905 MHz. (e) For cordless telephones: The manufacture and importation of... approval may no longer be obtained for medical telemetry equipment operating under the provisions of § 15...

Applications of Piagetian Theory to the Teaching of Elementary Number Concepts: A Theory-into-Practice Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irmen, Anne

After a brief description of three Piagetian stages (pre-operational, transition to concrete operations, and concrete operations), the author identifies 12 key statements from Piaget's writings. These statements, together with related implications for teaching elementary school mathematics, methods of diagnosing stage acquisition, and examples are…

Extending the Operational Envelope of a Turbofan Engine Simulation into the Sub-Idle Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes W.; Hamley, Andrew J.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Litt, Jonathan S.

2016-01-01

In many non-linear gas turbine simulations, operation in the sub-idle region can lead to model instability. This paper lays out a method for extending the operational envelope of a map based gas turbine simulation to include the sub-idle region. This method develops a multi-simulation solution where the baseline component maps are extrapolated below the idle level and an alternate model is developed to serve as a safety net when the baseline model becomes unstable or unreliable. Sub-idle model development takes place in two distinct operational areas, windmilling/shutdown and purge/cranking/ startup. These models are based on derived steady state operating points with transient values extrapolated between initial (known) and final (assumed) states. Model transitioning logic is developed to predict baseline model sub-idle instability, and transition smoothly and stably to the backup sub-idle model. Results from the simulation show a realistic approximation of sub-idle behavior as compared to generic sub-idle engine performance that allows the engine to operate continuously and stably from shutdown to full power.

Extending the Operational Envelope of a Turbofan Engine Simulation into the Sub-Idle Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes Walter; Hamley, Andrew J.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Litt, Jonathan S.

2016-01-01

In many non-linear gas turbine simulations, operation in the sub-idle region can lead to model instability. This paper lays out a method for extending the operational envelope of a map based gas turbine simulation to include the sub-idle region. This method develops a multi-simulation solution where the baseline component maps are extrapolated below the idle level and an alternate model is developed to serve as a safety net when the baseline model becomes unstable or unreliable. Sub-idle model development takes place in two distinct operational areas, windmilling/shutdown and purge/cranking/startup. These models are based on derived steady state operating points with transient values extrapolated between initial (known) and final (assumed) states. Model transitioning logic is developed to predict baseline model sub-idle instability, and transition smoothly and stably to the backup sub-idle model. Results from the simulation show a realistic approximation of sub-idle behavior as compared to generic sub-idle engine performance that allows the engine to operate continuously and stably from shutdown to full power.

Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Results: Fifth Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eudy, Leslie; Post, Matthew; Jeffers, Matthew

This report presents results of a demonstration of fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) operating in Oakland, California. Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) leads the Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) demonstration, which includes 13 advanced-design fuel cell buses and two hydrogen fueling stations. The ZEBA partners are collaborating with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. NREL has published four previous reports describing operation of these buses. This report presents new and updated results covering data from January 2015 through December 2015.