Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap used for repairing the dead space after supraomohyoid neck dissection

PubMed Central

Li, Jinzhong; Han, Zhengxue

2015-01-01

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication followed neck dissection and dead space is a common reason of SSI. The present study is aimed to explore whether the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) flap transposition to repair the dead space in level II of neck could decrease the postoperative SSI in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) underwent supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOND). Ninety-six patients with cT2-3N0 OSCC who underwent extended resection of primary cancer combined SOND and reconstructed with free flap from March 2011 to October 2014 in our department were included. Forty-eight cases underwent SCM transposition to repair the potential dead space in level II of the neck, the other 48 cases did not. The two groups were matched at age, gender, concomitant diseases, and perioperative treatments. All the patients underwent exhaustive hemostasis and careful placement of negative pressure drainage. The wound healing was observed on 7 days postoperatively. The SSI rates of neck between the two groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test. The dead space in level II was observed in all the neck wounds after SOND. The neck wounds healed by primary intention in 46 cases underwent SCM flap transposition, and in 39 cases underwent routine SOND only. Two cases with SCM flap transposition and 9 cases in the group without SCM flap transposition presented SSI in neck. There was significant difference in the SSI rate between the two groups (P = 0.0248). The dead space in level II could be an important cause of SSI in neck followed SOND. Repairing of the dead space in level II using SCM flap transposition reduce the SSI rate of neck followed SOND. PMID:25785129

Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap used for repairing the dead space after supraomohyoid neck dissection.

PubMed

Li, Jinzhong; Han, Zhengxue

2015-01-01

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication followed neck dissection and dead space is a common reason of SSI. The present study is aimed to explore whether the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) flap transposition to repair the dead space in level II of neck could decrease the postoperative SSI in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) underwent supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOND). Ninety-six patients with cT2-3N0 OSCC who underwent extended resection of primary cancer combined SOND and reconstructed with free flap from March 2011 to October 2014 in our department were included. Forty-eight cases underwent SCM transposition to repair the potential dead space in level II of the neck, the other 48 cases did not. The two groups were matched at age, gender, concomitant diseases, and perioperative treatments. All the patients underwent exhaustive hemostasis and careful placement of negative pressure drainage. The wound healing was observed on 7 days postoperatively. The SSI rates of neck between the two groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. The dead space in level II was observed in all the neck wounds after SOND. The neck wounds healed by primary intention in 46 cases underwent SCM flap transposition, and in 39 cases underwent routine SOND only. Two cases with SCM flap transposition and 9 cases in the group without SCM flap transposition presented SSI in neck. There was significant difference in the SSI rate between the two groups (P = 0.0248). The dead space in level II could be an important cause of SSI in neck followed SOND. Repairing of the dead space in level II using SCM flap transposition reduce the SSI rate of neck followed SOND.

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve transposition: Renaissance of an old concept in the light of new anatomy.

PubMed

Hanna, Amgad S

2017-04-01

Meralgia paresthetica causes pain in the anterolateral thigh. Most surgical procedures involve nerve transection or decompression. We conducted a cadaveric study to determine the feasibility of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) transposition. In three cadavers, the LFCN was exposed in the thigh and retroperitoneum. The two layers of the LFCN canal superficial and deep to the nerve were opened. The nerve was then mobilized medially away from the ASIS, by cutting the septum medial to sartorius. It was possible to mobilize the nerve for 2 cm medial to the ASIS. The nerve acquired a much straighter course with less tension. A new technique of LFCN transposition is presented here as an anatomical feasibility study. The surgical technique is based on the new understanding of the LFCN canal. Clin. Anat. 30:409-412, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Association of zygotic piRNAs derived from paternal P elements with hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Wakisaka, Keiko Tsuji; Ichiyanagi, Kenji; Ohno, Seiko; Itoh, Masanobu

2018-01-01

P -element transposition in the genome causes P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster . Maternally deposited piRNAs suppress P -element transposition in the progeny, linking them to P-M phenotypes; however, the role of zygotic piRNAs derived from paternal P elements is poorly understood. To elucidate the molecular basis of P -element suppression by zygotic factors, we investigated the genomic constitution and P -element piRNA production derived from fathers. As a result, we characterized males of naturally derived Q, M' and P strains, which show different capacities for the P -element mobilizations introduced after hybridizations with M-strain females. The amounts of piRNAs produced in ovaries of F1 hybrids varied among the strains and were influenced by the characteristics of the piRNA clusters that harbored the P elements. Importantly, while both the Q- and M'-strain fathers restrict the P -element mobilization in ovaries of their daughters, the Q-strain fathers supported the production of the highest piRNA expression in the ovaries of their daughters, and the M' strain carries KP elements in transcriptionally active regions directing the highest expression of KP elements in their daughters. Interestingly, the zygotic P -element piRNAs, but not the KP element mRNA, contributed to the variations in P transposition immunity in the granddaughters. The piRNA-cluster-embedded P elements and the transcriptionally active KP elements from the paternal genome are both important suppressors of P element activities that are co-inherited by the progeny. Expression levels of the P -element piRNA and KP -element mRNA vary among F1 progeny due to the constitution of the paternal genome, and are involved in phenotypic variation in the subsequent generation.

Spontaneous germline excision of Tol1, a DNA-based transposable element naturally occurring in the medaka fish genome.

PubMed

Watanabe, Kohei; Koga, Hajime; Nakamura, Kodai; Fujita, Akiko; Hattori, Akimasa; Matsuda, Masaru; Koga, Akihiko

2014-04-01

DNA-based transposable elements are ubiquitous constituents of eukaryotic genomes. Vertebrates are, however, exceptional in that most of their DNA-based elements appear to be inactivated. The Tol1 element of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, is one of the few elements for which copies containing an undamaged gene have been found. Spontaneous transposition of this element in somatic cells has previously been demonstrated, but there is only indirect evidence for its germline transposition. Here, we show direct evidence of spontaneous excision in the germline. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. In an albino laboratory strain of medaka fish, which is homozygous for a mutant tyrosinase gene in which a Tol1 copy is inserted, we identified de novo reversion mutations related to melanin pigmentation. The gamete-based reversion rate was as high as 0.4%. The revertant fish carried the tyrosinase gene from which the Tol1 copy had been excised. We previously reported the germline transposition of Tol2, another DNA-based element that is thought to be a recent invader of the medaka fish genome. Tol1 is an ancient resident of the genome. Our results indicate that even an old element can contribute to genetic variation in the host genome as a natural mutator.

Relationship between interatrial communication, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary flow patterns in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries: prediction of neonatal desaturation.

PubMed

Vaujois, Laurence; Boucoiran, Isabelle; Preuss, Christophe; Brassard, Myriam; Houde, Christine; Fouron, Jean C; Raboisson, Marie-Josée

2017-09-01

The relationship between interatrial communication, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary flow in transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum may help predict postnatal desaturation. Echocardiographic data of 45 fetuses with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum and 50 age-matched controls were retrospectively reviewed. Interatrial communication, left and right ventricular output, flow in the ductus arteriosus, as well as effective pulmonary flow were measured. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of postnatal saturations: group 1 had saturations ⩽50% and group 2 >50%. Of 45 fetuses, 13 (26.7%) were classified into group 1. Compared with fetuses in group 2, they had a smaller interatrial communication (2.9 versus 4.0 mm, p=0.004) and more retrograde diastolic flow in the ductus arteriosus (92 versus 23%, p=0.002). Both groups showed a significant decrease in ductal flow compared with controls. Patients in group 2 had a higher effective pulmonary flow compared with controls. There was a mild correlation between left ventricular output and size of the interatrial communication (Spearman's rank correlation 0.44). A retrograde diastolic flow is present in most of the fetuses with postnatal desaturation. Fetuses with transposition of the great arteries have a lower flow through the ductus arteriosus compared with controls. Fetuses without restrictive foramen ovale have higher effective pulmonary flow. Peripheral pulmonary vasodilatation due to higher oxygen saturation in pulmonary arteries in the case of transposition of the great arteries could be one possible cause.

Transposon mutagenesis of Xylella fastidiosa by electroporation of Tn5 synaptic complexes.

PubMed

Guilhabert, M R; Hoffman, L M; Mills, D A; Kirkpatrick, B C

2001-06-01

Pierce's disease, a lethal disease of grapevine, is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a gram-negative, xylem-limited bacterium that is transmitted from plant to plant by xylem-feeding insects. Strains of X. fastidiosa also have been associated with diseases that cause tremendous losses in many other economically important plants, including citrus. Although the complete genome sequence of X. fastidiosa has recently been determined, the inability to transform or produce transposon mutants of X. fastidiosa has been a major impediment to understanding pathogen-, plant-, and insect-vector interactions. We evaluated the ability of four different suicide vectors carrying either Tn5 or Tn10 transposons as well as a preformed Tn5 transposase-transposon synaptic complex (transposome) to transpose X. fastidiosa. The four suicide vectors failed to produce any detectable transposition events. Electroporation of transposomes, however, yielded 6 x 10(3) and 4 x 10(3) Tn5 mutants per microg of DNA in two different grapevine strains of X. fastidiosa. Molecular analysis showed that the transposition insertions were single, independent, stable events. Sequence analysis of the Tn5 insertion sites indicated that the transpositions occur randomly in the X. fastidiosa genome. Transposome-mediated mutagenesis should facilitate the identification of X. fastidiosa genes that mediate plant pathogenicity and insect transmission.

Nup124p Is a Nuclear Pore Factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe That Is Important for Nuclear Import and Activity of Retrotransposon Tf1

PubMed Central

Balasundaram, David; Benedik, Michael J.; Morphew, Mary; Dang, Van-Dinh; Levin, Henry L.

1999-01-01

The long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposon Tf1 propagates within the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as the result of several mechanisms that are typical of both retrotransposons and retroviruses. To identify host factors that contribute to the transposition process, we mutagenized cultures of S. pombe and screened them for strains that were unable to support Tf1 transposition. One such strain contained a mutation in a gene we named nup124. The product of this gene contains 11 FXFG repeats and is a component of the nuclear pore complex. In addition to the reduced levels of Tf1 transposition, the nup124-1 allele caused a significant reduction in the nuclear localization of Tf1 Gag. Surprisingly, the mutation in nup124-1 did not cause any reduction in the growth rate, the nuclear localization of specific nuclear localization signal-containing proteins, or the cytoplasmic localization of poly(A) mRNA. A two-hybrid analysis and an in vitro precipitation assay both identified an interaction between Tf1 Gag and the N terminus of Nup124p. These results provide evidence for an unusual mechanism of nuclear import that relies on a direct interaction between a nuclear pore factor and Tf1 Gag. PMID:10409764

Nup124p is a nuclear pore factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is important for nuclear import and activity of retrotransposon Tf1.

PubMed

Balasundaram, D; Benedik, M J; Morphew, M; Dang, V D; Levin, H L

1999-08-01

The long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposon Tf1 propagates within the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as the result of several mechanisms that are typical of both retrotransposons and retroviruses. To identify host factors that contribute to the transposition process, we mutagenized cultures of S. pombe and screened them for strains that were unable to support Tf1 transposition. One such strain contained a mutation in a gene we named nup124. The product of this gene contains 11 FXFG repeats and is a component of the nuclear pore complex. In addition to the reduced levels of Tf1 transposition, the nup124-1 allele caused a significant reduction in the nuclear localization of Tf1 Gag. Surprisingly, the mutation in nup124-1 did not cause any reduction in the growth rate, the nuclear localization of specific nuclear localization signal-containing proteins, or the cytoplasmic localization of poly(A) mRNA. A two-hybrid analysis and an in vitro precipitation assay both identified an interaction between Tf1 Gag and the N terminus of Nup124p. These results provide evidence for an unusual mechanism of nuclear import that relies on a direct interaction between a nuclear pore factor and Tf1 Gag.

Development of a high-frequency in vivo transposon mutagenesis system for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

PubMed

Watabe, Kazuyuki; Mimuro, Mamoru; Tsuchiya, Tohru

2014-11-01

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) is the first sequenced photosynthetic organism and has two advantages: natural transformation and light-activated heterotrophic growth. Such characteristics have mainly promoted reverse genetic analysis in this organism, however, to date approximately 50% of genes are still annotated as 'unknown protein' or 'hypothetical protein'. Therefore, forward genetic analysis is required for the identification of significant genes responsible for photosynthesis and other physiological phenomena among the genes of unknown function. The in vivo transposon mutagenesis system is one of the major methods for random mutagenesis. However, present in vivo transposon mutagenesis systems for cyanobacteria face problems such as relatively low frequency of transposition and repeated transposition in the host cells. In this study, we constructed vectors based on a mini-Tn5-derived vector that was designed to prevent repeated transposition. Our vectors carry a hyperactive transposase and optimized recognition sequence of transposase, which were reported to enhance frequency of transposition. Using the vector, we succeeded in highly frequent transposition (9×10(-3) per recipient cell) in Synechocystis. Transposon insertion sites of 10 randomly selected mutants indicated that the insertion sites spread throughout the genome with low sequence dependency. Furthermore, one of the 10 mutants exhibited the slow-growing phenotype, and the mutant was functionally complemented by using our expression vector. Our system also worked with another model cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, with high frequency. These results indicate that the developed system can be applied to the forward genetic analysis of a broad range of cyanobacteria. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

A 1.375-approximation algorithm for sorting by transpositions.

PubMed

Elias, Isaac; Hartman, Tzvika

2006-01-01

Sorting permutations by transpositions is an important problem in genome rearrangements. A transposition is a rearrangement operation in which a segment is cut out of the permutation and pasted in a different location. The complexity of this problem is still open and it has been a 10-year-old open problem to improve the best known 1.5-approximation algorithm. In this paper, we provide a 1.375-approximation algorithm for sorting by transpositions. The algorithm is based on a new upper bound on the diameter of 3-permutations. In addition, we present some new results regarding the transposition diameter: we improve the lower bound for the transposition diameter of the symmetric group and determine the exact transposition diameter of simple permutations.

History and Nature of Science in High School: Building up Parameters to Guide Educational Materials and Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forato, Thais Cyrino de Mello; Martins, Roberto de Andrade; Pietrocola, Mauricio

2012-01-01

This article presents the main results of a research examining the didactic transposition of history and philosophy of science in high school level. The adaptation of history of science to this particular level, addressing some aspects of the nature of science aiming at the students' critical engagement, was analyzed by examining both the…

Didactic Transposition in Mathematics Textbooks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kang, Wan; Kilpatrick, Jeremy

1992-01-01

Didactic transposition theory asserts that bodies of knowledge are designed not to be taught but to be used. Discusses didactic transposition, the transposition of knowledge regarded as a tool to be used to knowledge as something to be learned in mathematics textbooks. (14 references) (MDH)

Performance Analysis of Transposition Models Simulating Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit

2016-06-02

Transposition models have been widely used in the solar energy industry to simulate solar radiation on inclined photovoltaic panels. Following numerous studies comparing the performance of transposition models, this work aims to understand the quantitative uncertainty in state-of-the-art transposition models and the sources leading to the uncertainty. Our results show significant differences between two highly used isotropic transposition models, with one substantially underestimating the diffuse plane-of-array irradiances when diffuse radiation is perfectly isotropic. In the empirical transposition models, the selection of the empirical coefficients and land surface albedo can both result in uncertainty in the output. This study can bemore » used as a guide for the future development of physics-based transposition models and evaluations of system performance.« less

Allopatric integrations selectively change host transcriptomes, leading to varied expression efficiencies of exotic genes in Myxococcus xanthus.

PubMed

Zhu, Li-Ping; Yue, Xin-Jing; Han, Kui; Li, Zhi-Feng; Zheng, Lian-Shuai; Yi, Xiu-Nan; Wang, Hai-Long; Zhang, You-Ming; Li, Yue-Zhong

2015-07-22

Exotic genes, especially clustered multiple-genes for a complex pathway, are normally integrated into chromosome for heterologous expression. The influences of insertion sites on heterologous expression and allotropic expressions of exotic genes on host remain mostly unclear. We compared the integration and expression efficiencies of single and multiple exotic genes that were inserted into Myxococcus xanthus genome by transposition and attB-site-directed recombination. While the site-directed integration had a rather stable chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity, the transposition produced varied CAT enzyme activities. We attempted to integrate the 56-kb gene cluster for the biosynthesis of antitumor polyketides epothilones into M. xanthus genome by site-direction but failed, which was determined to be due to the insertion size limitation at the attB site. The transposition technique produced many recombinants with varied production capabilities of epothilones, which, however, were not paralleled to the transcriptional characteristics of the local sites where the genes were integrated. Comparative transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that the allopatric integrations caused selective changes of host transcriptomes, leading to varied expressions of epothilone genes in different mutants. With the increase of insertion fragment size, transposition is a more practicable integration method for the expression of exotic genes. Allopatric integrations selectively change host transcriptomes, which lead to varied expression efficiencies of exotic genes.

Investigation of tooth transposition in a non-syndromic Turkish anatolian population: characteristic features and associated dental anomalies.

PubMed

Celikoglu, Mevlut; Miloglu, Ozkan; Oztek, Ozkan

2010-09-01

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency and characteristics of dental transpositions and to evaluate associated dental anomalies in a large sample of Turkish Anatolian population. A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 6983 patients (4092 females and 2891 males) ranging in age from 12 to 27 subjected to Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Ataturk (Erzurum, Turkey) between 2005 and 2008. For each patient with tooth transposition we recorded the demographic variables (including age, sex), history of trauma, type, classification, and location of tooth transpositions, and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences in the distribution of tooth transposition when stratified by gender. Tooth transposition was detected in 19 subjects (0.27%), with a 2.2:1 female male ratio (P=0.38). The most commonly observed transposition was maxillary canine-lateral incisor (60%). The frequencies of complete and incomplete transpositions were equal (10/10) and it was more common in the left side than in the right side (11/9). Of the 19 subjects, 10.5% had a peg shaped lateral incisor, 21.1% one congenitally missing tooth excluding third molar. Supernumerary tooth, impacted teeth excluding third molars, transmigrated tooth, and dilacerations were also observed. The frequency of tooth transposition was 0.27% in a Turkish Anatolian population and maxillary canine-lateral incisor was the most frequently observed transposition. Retained primary teeth were the most frequently observed dental anomaly in all types of tooth transposition.

Internal limiting membrane flap transposition for surgical repair of macular holes in primary surgery and in persistent macular holes.

PubMed

Leisser, Christoph; Hirnschall, Nino; Döller, Birgit; Varsits, Ralph; Ullrich, Marlies; Kefer, Katharina; Findl, Oliver

2018-03-01

Classical or temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap transposition with air or gas tamponade are current trends with the potential to improve surgical results, especially in cases with large macular holes. A prospective case series included patients with idiopathic macular holes or persistent macular holes after 23-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and ILM peeling with gas tamponade. In all patients, 23-G PPV and ILM peeling with ILM flap transposition with gas tamponade and postoperative face-down position was performed. In 7 of 9 eyes, temporal ILM flap transposition combined with pedicle ILM flap could be successfully performed and macular holes were closed in all eyes after surgery. The remaining 2 eyes were converted to pedicle ILM flap transposition with macular hole closure after surgery. Three eyes were scheduled as pedicle ILM flap transposition due to previous ILM peeling. In 2 of these eyes, the macular hole could be closed with pedicle ILM flap transposition. In 3 eyes, free ILM flap transposition was performed and in 2 of these eyes macular hole could be closed after surgery, whereas in 1 eye a second surgery, performed as pedicle ILM flap transposition, was performed and led to successful macular hole closure. Use of ILM flaps in surgical repair of macular hole surgery is a new option of treatment with excellent results independent of the diameter of macular holes. For patients with persistent macular holes, pedicle ILM flap transposition or free ILM flap transposition are surgical options.

Permanent magnet machine with windings having strand transposition

DOEpatents

Qu, Ronghai; Jansen, Patrick Lee

2009-04-21

This document discusses, among other things, a stator with transposition between the windings or coils. The coils are free from transposition to increase the fill factor of the stator slots. The transposition at the end connections between an inner coil and an outer coil provide transposition to reduce circulating current loss. The increased fill factor reduces further current losses. Such a stator is used in a dual rotor, permanent magnet machine, for example, in a compressor pump, wind turbine gearbox, wind turbine rotor.

Transposition of maxillary canine to central incisor site: aetiology, treatment options and case report.

PubMed

Ali, Zohaib; Jaisinghani, Aneel C; Waring, David; Malik, Ovais

2014-09-01

Dental transposition is relatively infrequent anomaly of the developing dentition. This article focuses on canine transposition and explores the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this challenging anomaly. Specifically, the management of a case of canine transposition involving an unerupted maxillary central incisor is described. © 2014 British Orthodontic Society.

Small RNAs, big impact: small RNA pathways in transposon control and their effect on the host stress response.

PubMed

Wheeler, Bayly S

2013-12-01

Transposons are mobile genetic elements that are a major constituent of most genomes. Organisms regulate transposable element expression, transposition, and insertion site preference, mitigating the genome instability caused by uncontrolled transposition. A recent burst of research has demonstrated the critical role of small non-coding RNAs in regulating transposition in fungi, plants, and animals. While mechanistically distinct, these pathways work through a conserved paradigm. The presence of a transposon is communicated by the presence of its RNA or by its integration into specific genomic loci. These signals are then translated into small non-coding RNAs that guide epigenetic modifications and gene silencing back to the transposon. In addition to being regulated by the host, transposable elements are themselves capable of influencing host gene expression. Transposon expression is responsive to environmental signals, and many transposons are activated by various cellular stresses. TEs can confer local gene regulation by acting as enhancers and can also confer global gene regulation through their non-coding RNAs. Thus, transposable elements can act as stress-responsive regulators that control host gene expression in cis and trans.

Molecular spectrum of somaclonal variation in regenerated rice revealed by whole-genome sequencing.

PubMed

Miyao, Akio; Nakagome, Mariko; Ohnuma, Takako; Yamagata, Harumi; Kanamori, Hiroyuki; Katayose, Yuichi; Takahashi, Akira; Matsumoto, Takashi; Hirochika, Hirohiko

2012-01-01

Somaclonal variation is a phenomenon that results in the phenotypic variation of plants regenerated from cell culture. One of the causes of somaclonal variation in rice is the transposition of retrotransposons. However, many aspects of the mechanisms that result in somaclonal variation remain undefined. To detect genome-wide changes in regenerated rice, we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of three plants independently regenerated from cultured cells originating from a single seed stock. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (indels) were detected in the genomes of the regenerated plants. The transposition of only Tos17 among 43 transposons examined was detected in the regenerated plants. Therefore, the SNPs and indels contribute to the somaclonal variation in regenerated rice in addition to the transposition of Tos17. The observed molecular spectrum was similar to that of the spontaneous mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the base change ratio was estimated to be 1.74 × 10(-6) base substitutions per site per regeneration, which is 248-fold greater than the spontaneous mutation rate of A. thaliana.

[Early hypertrophic scar after surgery on the nasal region: value of long-acting corticosteroid injections].

PubMed

Amici, J-M

2014-01-01

"Pincushioning" is a complication of post-surgical scarring following use of transposition flaps particularly when surgery is performed on the nasal region. The transposition flap technique is very useful for the repair of certain defects of the tip of the nose, the medial canthus or of the ala nasi. The aim of this study is to define the clinical characteristics of this scarring dystrophy, which we propose to call "early hypertrophy scarring", to clarify the nature thereof and to assess the efficacy of intralesional injection of corticosteroids at the first signs of hypertrophy. A prospective, open, non-comparative, single-centre study examined the clinical and histological characteristics of early hypertrophy scarring and the effectiveness of therapy with one or two injections of corticosteroids performed on the 15th day post-operatively and optionally repeated at D45 depending on the outcome. From January 2011 to January 2013, 12 consecutive patients with early hypertrophy scarring were included (ten men and two women - mean age: 64 years). All had undergone surgery for basal cell carcinoma under local anaesthesia with one-stage repair by means of a rhombic flap or a bilobed flap located in the nasal area. Scars were injected strictly intra-lesionally with triamcinolone acetate (40 mg/1 mL) until whitening occurred. A single injection was performed in three cases of rhombic flap while a second injection was given at D45 in the remaining nine cases. Complete regression of the early hypertrophy scarring was obtained in ten of the 12 patients by D90. Incomplete regression was observed but with a marked improvement in the other two patients. Early hypertrophy scarring is distinguished by its clinical characteristics of hypertrophic or keloid scars. Biopsy performed in two cases showed the fibrous but non-fatty nature of early hypertrophy scarring. Biomechanical factors particular to the nasal region and the transposition flap technique could account for the early and excessive collagen production causing early hypertrophy scarring. Early injection of corticosteroids, which was consistently effective in our study, could represent a simple treatment for early hypertrophy scarring, thus avoiding surgical correction. These preliminary results in a small number of patients require confirmation by a comparative, multicentre, prospective controlled study. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Methods of Transposition of Nurses between Wards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyazaki, Shigeji; Masuda, Masakazu

In this paper, a computer-implemented method for automating the transposition of a hospital’s nursing staff is proposed. The model is applied to the real case example ‘O’ hospital, which performs a transposition of its nursing staff once a year. Results are compared with real data obtained from this hospital’s current manual transposition system. The proposed method not only significantly reduces the time taken to construct the transposition, thereby significantly reducing management labor costs, but also is demonstrated to increase nurses’ levels of satisfaction with the process.

An extremely rare clinical entity: congenitally corrected transposition with situs ınversus and single coronary artery presented with complete atrioventricular block in a young man.

PubMed

Cirakoglu, Omer Faruk; Bayraktar, Ali; Sayin, Muhammet Rasit

2018-05-01

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare form of CHD. Situs inversus is a much less common variant of a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. In rare cases, transposition events may be accompanied by various cardiac anomalies. However, situs inversus patients with congenitally corrected transposition, single coronary artery anomaly, and atrioventricular block together have not been reported previously. This combination of abnormalities is presented as a first in the literature.

Diagnosing Model Errors in Simulations of Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit

2016-06-01

Transposition models have been widely used in the solar energy industry to simulate solar radiation on inclined PV panels. Following numerous studies comparing the performance of transposition models, this paper aims to understand the quantitative uncertainty in the state-of-the-art transposition models and the sources leading to the uncertainty. Our results suggest that an isotropic transposition model developed by Badescu substantially underestimates diffuse plane-of-array (POA) irradiances when diffuse radiation is perfectly isotropic. In the empirical transposition models, the selection of empirical coefficients and land surface albedo can both result in uncertainty in the output. This study can be used as amore » guide for future development of physics-based transposition models.« less

Diagnosing Model Errors in Simulation of Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit

2016-11-21

Transposition models have been widely used in the solar energy industry to simulate solar radiation on inclined PV panels. Following numerous studies comparing the performance of transposition models, this paper aims to understand the quantitative uncertainty in the state-of-the-art transposition models and the sources leading to the uncertainty. Our results show significant differences between two highly used isotropic transposition models with one substantially underestimating the diffuse plane-of-array (POA) irradiances when diffuse radiation is perfectly isotropic. In the empirical transposition models, the selection of empirical coefficients and land surface albedo can both result in uncertainty in the output. This study canmore » be used as a guide for future development of physics-based transposition models.« less

Aging Students: Implications for Intergenerational Development in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youngman, Deborah

1995-01-01

Outlines current knowledge about integrating older students into the postsecondary educational system, discusses a case study of an established natural learning environment, and presents models of education and development involving older students. A system involving the transposition of dialectical and discourse methods is proposed for moving…

Psychology and Didactics of Mathematics in France--An Overview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vergnaud, Gerard

1983-01-01

Examples are given of the variety of mathematical concepts and problems being studied by psychologically oriented researchers in France. Work on decimals, circles, natural numbers, decimal and real numbers, and didactic transposition are included. Comments on designing research on mathematics concept formation conclude the article. (MNS)

Unilateral and bilateral dental transpositions in the maxilla-dental and skeletal findings in 63 individuals.

PubMed

Danielsen, J C; Karimian, K; Ciarlantini, R; Melsen, B; Kjær, I

2015-12-01

This was to elucidate dental and skeletal findings in individuals with unilateral and bilateral maxillary dental transpositions. The sample comprised of radiographic materials from 63 individuals with maxillary dental transpositions from the Departments of Odontology at the Universities of Copenhagen and Aarhus and by the Danish municipal orthodontic service. The cases were divided into three groups: unilateral transposition of the canine and first premolar (Type 1U), bilateral transposition of canine and first premolar (Type 1B), and unilateral transposition of canine and lateral incisor (Type 2). The dentitions were analysed regarding agenesis and dental morphological anomalies on panoramic radiographs, and craniofacial aspects were cephalometrically analysed on profile images The results were statistically evaluated. All groups demonstrated increased occurrences of agenesis (Type 1U and Type 1B: 31 agenesis in 15 patients; and Type 2 three agenesis in three patients). Taurodontic root morphology was most dominant in Type 1U. Peg-shaped lateral incisors showed an increased occurrence, though not in Type 1U. Skeletally, Type 1B and Type 1U demonstrated maxillary retrognathia (more pronounced in Type 1B). Type 2 showed a significant posterior inclination of the maxilla. Transpositions of maxillary canines involve dental and skeletal deviations. Dental deviations were predominantly taurodontic root morphology and agenesis. Regarding skeletal deviations, bilateral transpositions of the canines and the first premolars are associated with skeletal changes. Unilateral transpositions are possibly a localised deviation with minor or no skeletal involvements. The results indicate a possible difference in the aetiologies of unilateral and bilateral transpositions.

Transposon Insertion Finder (TIF): a novel program for detection of de novo transpositions of transposable elements.

PubMed

Nakagome, Mariko; Solovieva, Elena; Takahashi, Akira; Yasue, Hiroshi; Hirochika, Hirohiko; Miyao, Akio

2014-03-14

Transposition event detection of transposable element (TE) in the genome using short reads from the next-generation sequence (NGS) was difficult, because the nucleotide sequence of TE itself is repetitive, making it difficult to identify locations of its insertions by alignment programs for NGS. We have developed a program with a new algorithm to detect the transpositions from NGS data. In the process of tool development, we used next-generation sequence (NGS) data of derivative lines (ttm2 and ttm5) of japonica rice cv. Nipponbare, regenerated through cell culture. The new program, called a transposon insertion finder (TIF), was applied to detect the de novo transpositions of Tos17 in the regenerated lines. TIF searched 300 million reads of a line within 20 min, identifying 4 and 12 de novo transposition in ttm2 and ttm5 lines, respectively. All of the transpositions were confirmed by PCR/electrophoresis and sequencing. Using the program, we also detected new transposon insertions of P-element from NGS data of Drosophila melanogaster. TIF operates to find the transposition of any elements provided that target site duplications (TSDs) are generated by their transpositions.

Transposition behavior of nonautonomous a hAT superfamily transposon nDart in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

PubMed

Fujino, Kenji; Sekiguchi, Hiroshi

2011-08-01

Transposable elements (TEs) have a significant impact on the evolution of gene function and genome structures. An endogenous nonautonomous transposable element nDart was discovered in an albino mutant that had an insertion in the Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase gene in rice. In this study, we elucidated the transposition behavior of nDart, the frequency of nDart transposition and characterized the footprint of nDart. Novel independent nDart insertions in backcrossed progenies were detected by DNA blotting analysis. In addition, germinal excision of nDart occurred at very low frequency compared with that of somatic excision, 0-13.3%, in the nDart1-4(3-2) and nDart1-A loci by a locus-specific PCR strategy. A total of 253 clones from somatic excision at five nDart loci in 10 varieties were determined. nDart rarely caused deletions beyond target site duplication (TSD). The footprint of nDart contained few transversions of nucleotides flanking to both sides of the TSD. The predominant footprint of nDart was an 8-bp addition. Precise excision of nDart was detected at a rate of only 2.2%, which occurred at two loci among the five loci examined. Furthermore, the results in this study revealed that a highly conserved mechanism of transposition is involved between maize Ac/Ds and rice Dart/nDart, which are two-component transposon systems of the hAT superfamily transposons in plant species.

Assessment of uncertainty in the numerical simulation of solar irradiance over inclined PV panels: New algorithms using measurements and modeling tools

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit; Dooraghi, Mike

Development of accurate transposition models to simulate plane-of-array (POA) irradiance from horizontal measurements or simulations is a complex process mainly because of the anisotropic distribution of diffuse solar radiation in the atmosphere. The limited availability of reliable POA measurements at large temporal and spatial scales leads to difficulties in the comprehensive evaluation of transposition models. This paper proposes new algorithms to assess the uncertainty of transposition models using both surface-based observations and modeling tools. We reviewed the analytical derivation of POA irradiance and the approximation of isotropic diffuse radiation that simplifies the computation. Two transposition models are evaluated against themore » computation by the rigorous analytical solution. We proposed a new algorithm to evaluate transposition models using the clear-sky measurements at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) and a radiative transfer model that integrates diffuse radiances of various sky-viewing angles. We found that the radiative transfer model and a transposition model based on empirical regressions are superior to the isotropic models when compared to measurements. We further compared the radiative transfer model to the transposition models under an extensive range of idealized conditions. Our results suggest that the empirical transposition model has slightly higher cloudy-sky POA irradiance than the radiative transfer model, but performs better than the isotropic models under clear-sky conditions. Significantly smaller POA irradiances computed by the transposition models are observed when the photovoltaics (PV) panel deviates from the azimuthal direction of the sun. The new algorithms developed in the current study have opened the door to a more comprehensive evaluation of transposition models for various atmospheric conditions and solar and PV orientations.« less

Assessment of uncertainty in the numerical simulation of solar irradiance over inclined PV panels: New algorithms using measurements and modeling tools

DOE PAGES

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit; Dooraghi, Mike

2018-03-20

Development of accurate transposition models to simulate plane-of-array (POA) irradiance from horizontal measurements or simulations is a complex process mainly because of the anisotropic distribution of diffuse solar radiation in the atmosphere. The limited availability of reliable POA measurements at large temporal and spatial scales leads to difficulties in the comprehensive evaluation of transposition models. This paper proposes new algorithms to assess the uncertainty of transposition models using both surface-based observations and modeling tools. We reviewed the analytical derivation of POA irradiance and the approximation of isotropic diffuse radiation that simplifies the computation. Two transposition models are evaluated against themore » computation by the rigorous analytical solution. We proposed a new algorithm to evaluate transposition models using the clear-sky measurements at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) and a radiative transfer model that integrates diffuse radiances of various sky-viewing angles. We found that the radiative transfer model and a transposition model based on empirical regressions are superior to the isotropic models when compared to measurements. We further compared the radiative transfer model to the transposition models under an extensive range of idealized conditions. Our results suggest that the empirical transposition model has slightly higher cloudy-sky POA irradiance than the radiative transfer model, but performs better than the isotropic models under clear-sky conditions. Significantly smaller POA irradiances computed by the transposition models are observed when the photovoltaics (PV) panel deviates from the azimuthal direction of the sun. The new algorithms developed in the current study have opened the door to a more comprehensive evaluation of transposition models for various atmospheric conditions and solar and PV orientations.« less

Unstable transpositions of his4 in yeast.

PubMed Central

Greer, H; Fink, G R

1979-01-01

Unstable transpositions in yeast have been selected in which the his4C gene from chromosome III is inserted into chromosome XII. This event is associated with the generation of a recessive lethal mutation, resulting from the integration of his4C into an essential gene. Strains with these transpositions are viable as diploids or aneuploids for chromosome XII. The event that generates the transpositions does not lead reciprocally to a deletion on chromosome III, implying that synthesis of a new copy of his4C and subsequent transposition may have occurred. The his4C transpositions are unstable and give rise to C- segregants at a high frequency, as a result of either precise excision of the his4C gene (restoring function of the gene into which insertion had occurred) or chromosome loss. PMID:386353

P Element Transposition Contributes Substantial New Variation for a Quantitative Trait in Drosophila Melanogaster

PubMed Central

Torkamanzehi, A.; Moran, C.; Nicholas, F. W.

1992-01-01

The P-M system of transposition in Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful mutator for many visible and lethal loci. Experiments using crosses between unrelated P and M stocks to assess the importance of transposition-mediated mutations affecting quantitative loci and reponse to selection have yielded unrepeatable or ambiguous results. In a different approach, we have used a P stock produced by microinjection of the ry(506) M stock. Selection responses were compared between transposition lines that were initiated by crossing M strain females with males from the ``co-isogenic'' P strain, and ry(506) M control lines. Unlike previous attempts to quantify the effects of P element transposition, there is no possibility of P transposition in the controls. During 10 generations of selection for the quantitative trait abdominal bristle number, none of the four control lines showed any response to selection, indicative of isogenicity for those loci affecting abdominal bristle number. In contrast, three of the four transposition lines showed substantial response, with regression of cumulative response on cumulative selection differential ranging from 15% to 25%. Transposition of P elements has produced new additive genetic variance at a rate which is more than 30 times greater than the rate expected from spontaneous mutation. PMID:1317317

Maxillary canine-first premolar bilateral transposition in a Class III patient: A case report.

PubMed

Potrubacz, Maciej Iancu; Tepedino, Michele; Chimenti, Claudio

2016-05-01

Tooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly that often represents a challenge for the clinician. The case of a girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion and concomitant maxillary canine-first premolar bilateral transposition, followed from 7 to 17 years of age, is presented. After a first phase of treatment aimed at resolving the Class III malocclusion, the transposition was maintained and the case finalized with a multibracket appliance.

A Helitron transposon reconstructed from bats reveals a novel mechanism of genome shuffling in eukaryotes.

PubMed

Grabundzija, Ivana; Messing, Simon A; Thomas, Jainy; Cosby, Rachel L; Bilic, Ilija; Miskey, Csaba; Gogol-Döring, Andreas; Kapitonov, Vladimir; Diem, Tanja; Dalda, Anna; Jurka, Jerzy; Pritham, Ellen J; Dyda, Fred; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Ivics, Zoltán

2016-03-02

Helitron transposons capture and mobilize gene fragments in eukaryotes, but experimental evidence for their transposition is lacking in the absence of an isolated active element. Here we reconstruct Helraiser, an ancient element from the bat genome, and use this transposon as an experimental tool to unravel the mechanism of Helitron transposition. A hairpin close to the 3'-end of the transposon functions as a transposition terminator. However, the 3'-end can be bypassed by the transposase, resulting in transduction of flanking sequences to new genomic locations. Helraiser transposition generates covalently closed circular intermediates, suggestive of a replicative transposition mechanism, which provides a powerful means to disseminate captured transcriptional regulatory signals across the genome. Indeed, we document the generation of novel transcripts by Helitron promoter capture both experimentally and by transcriptome analysis in bats. Our results provide mechanistic insight into Helitron transposition, and its impact on diversification of gene function by genome shuffling.

The Knowledge of Local Communities and School Knowledge: In Search of a Didactic Transposition in Natural Sciences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capece, Jó António

2018-01-01

This article is the result of an ongoing research under the project entitled "The local curriculum in Mozambican schools: epistemological and didactic-methodological strategies for its implementation". Based on ethnographic research, the collection is being made. Systematization of knowledge and cultural experiences of local communities…

Cardiac haemangioma associated with a duct-dependent congenital heart disease in a newborn infant.

PubMed

Djordjevic, Stefan A; Glumac, Sofija; Kalanj, Jasna

2017-07-01

Cardiac haemangiomas are exceedingly rare; however, they can cause significant haemodynamic impairment and disturbances in heart rhythm. Rarely, cardiac tumours may also coexist with congenital heart lesions. We present an extremely unusual case of a cardiac haemangioma in the setting of complex transposition of the great arteries that caused functional tricuspid atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first such case described in the literature.

The challenge of staphylococcal pacemaker endocarditis in a patient with transposition of the great arteries endocarditis in congenital heart disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ch'ng, Julie; Chan, William; Lee, Paul

2003-06-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of septicaemia and infective endocarditis. The overall incidence of staphylococcal bacteraemia is increasing, contributing to 16% of all hospital-acquired bacteraemias. The use of cardiac pacemakers has revolutionized the management of rhythm disturbances, yet this has also resulted in a group of patients at risk of pacemaker lead endocarditis and seeding in the range of 1% to 7%. We describe a 26-year-old man with transposition of the great arteries who had a pacemaker implanted and presented with S. aureus septicaemia 2 years postpacemaker implantation and went on to develop pacemaker lead endocarditis. This report illustratesmore » the risk of endocarditis in the population with congenital heart disease and an intracardiac device.« less

Evaluation of global horizontal irradiance to plane-of-array irradiance models at locations across the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lave, Matthew; Hayes, William; Pohl, Andrew

2015-02-02

We report an evaluation of the accuracy of combinations of models that estimate plane-of-array (POA) irradiance from measured global horizontal irradiance (GHI). This estimation involves two steps: 1) decomposition of GHI into direct and diffuse horizontal components and 2) transposition of direct and diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI) to POA irradiance. Measured GHI and coincident measured POA irradiance from a variety of climates within the United States were used to evaluate combinations of decomposition and transposition models. A few locations also had DHI measurements, allowing for decoupled analysis of either the decomposition or the transposition models alone. Results suggest that decompositionmore » models had mean bias differences (modeled versus measured) that vary with climate. Transposition model mean bias differences depended more on the model than the location. Lastly, when only GHI measurements were available and combinations of decomposition and transposition models were considered, the smallest mean bias differences were typically found for combinations which included the Hay/Davies transposition model.« less

Orthodontic treatment of the transposition of a maxillary canine and a first premolar: a case report.

PubMed

Teresa, Dinoi Maria; Stefano, Mummolo; Annalisa, Monaco; Enrico, Marchetti; Vincenzo, Campanella; Giuseppe, Marzo

2015-03-01

Transposition is an anomaly of tooth position, the most frequent of which involves the canine and the first maxillary premolar. We describe the orthodontic treatment of a unilateral transposition of an upper canine and an upper right first premolar in the permanent dentition. A 12-year-old Caucasian boy presented with transposition of his upper right canine and upper right first premolar. He had combined surgical-orthodontic treatment to correct the transposition and to obtain a Class I relationship between the molar and canine. This treatment resolved the dental crowding and achieved good functional and aesthetic results. In transposition, the choice of the most suitable treatment depends on the occlusion, level of dental crowding, aesthetics, position of the radicular apices, and the specific needs of the patient. In this case, orthodontic alignment of the transposed teeth into their physiological position achieved all of our objectives and our patient was satisfied with the aesthetic results obtained.

Comparison of hemihypoglossal-facial nerve transposition with a cross-facial nerve graft and muscle transplant for the rehabilitation of facial paralysis using the facial clima method.

PubMed

Hontanilla, Bernardo; Vila, Antonio

2012-02-01

To compare quantitatively the results obtained after hemihypoglossal nerve transposition and microvascular gracilis transfer associated with a cross facial nerve graft (CFNG) for reanimation of a paralysed face, 66 patients underwent hemihypoglossal transposition (n = 25) or microvascular gracilis transfer and CFNG (n = 41). The commissural displacement (CD) and commissural contraction velocity (CCV) in the two groups were compared using the system known as Facial clima. There was no inter-group variability between the groups (p > 0.10) in either variable. However, intra-group variability was detected between the affected and healthy side in the transposition group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.017, respectively). The transfer group had greater symmetry in displacement of the commissure (CD) and commissural contraction velocity (CCV) than the transposition group and patients were more satisfied. However, the transposition group had correct symmetry at rest but more asymmetry of CCV and CD when smiling.

Performance Analysis of Transposition Models Simulating Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Yu; Sengupta, Manajit

2016-06-01

Transposition models are widely used in the solar energy industry to simulate solar radiation on inclined photovoltaic (PV) panels. These transposition models have been developed using various assumptions about the distribution of the diffuse radiation, and most of the parameterizations in these models have been developed using hourly ground data sets. Numerous studies have compared the performance of transposition models, but this paper aims to understand the quantitative uncertainty in the state-of-the-art transposition models and the sources leading to the uncertainty using high-resolution ground measurements in the plane of array. Our results suggest that the amount of aerosol optical depthmore » can affect the accuracy of isotropic models. The choice of empirical coefficients and the use of decomposition models can both result in uncertainty in the output from the transposition models. It is expected that the results of this study will ultimately lead to improvements of the parameterizations as well as the development of improved physical models.« less

Macrovascular Decompression of Facial Nerve With Anteromedial Transposition of a Dolichoectatic Vertebral Artery: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

PubMed

Tabani, Halima; Yousef, Sonia; Burkhardt, Jan-Karl; Gandhi, Sirin; Benet, Arnau; Lawton, Michael T

2018-05-21

Most cranial nerve compression syndromes (ie, trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm) are caused by small arteries impinging on a nerve and are relieved by microvascular decompression. Rarely, cranial nerve compression syndromes can be caused by large artery impingement and can be relieved by macrovascular decompression. When present, this compression often occurs in association with degenerative atherosclerosis in the vertebral arteries (VA) and basilar artery. Conservative treatment is recommended for mild forms, but surgical transposition of the VA away from the root entry zone (REZ) can be considered. This video demonstrates macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic VA in a 74-yr-old female with refractory left hemifacial spasm. After obtaining IRB approval, patient consent was sought for the procedure. With the patient in three-quarter-prone position, a far-lateral craniotomy was performed. The dentate ligament was cut to free the VA, and the suprahypoglossal portion of the vagoaccessory triangle was widened. VA compressed the REZ of the facial nerve, but was mobilized anteromedially off the REZ. A muslin sling was wrapped around the VA and its tail brought down to the clival dura, which was punctured with a 19-gauge needle and enlarged with a dissector. The sling was pulled anteromedially to this puncture site and secured to the dura with an aneurysm clip, relieving the REZ of all compression. The patient tolerated the procedure with mild, transient hoarseness and her hemifacial spasm resolved completely. This case demonstrates the macrovascular decompression technique with anteromedial transposition of the vertebrobasilar artery, which can also be used for trigeminal neuralgia.

Ovarian transposition in young women and fertility sparing.

PubMed

Mossa, B; Schimberni, M; Di Benedetto, L; Mossa, S

2015-09-01

Ovarian transposition is a highly effective surgical procedure used to preserve ovarian function in premenopausal patients with cancers requiring postoperative or primary pelvic radiotherapy. Pelvic irradiation determines severe damage of ovarian DNA and iatrogenic ovarian failure with premature menopause, necessity of long-term hormone replacement therapy and infertility. We conducted an extensive research of the literature in Medline between January 2000 and April 2015 using the key-words "ovarian transposition radiotherapy", "radiotherapy gonadal function", radiotherapy fertility sparing". The population included young women with normal ovarian function affected by cancers that required pelvic radiotherapy. We have examined 32 articles reporting on 1189 women undergoing ovarian transposition. Median age was 32.5 years, follow up was median 48 months. The procedure has been performed in patients less than 40 years of age. Surgery has been achieved by laparotomy or laparoscoy. We have analyzed effects of radiotherapy on ovarian function. The proportion of women treated by ovarian transposition preserved ovarian function was 70%. About 86% of patients did not develop ovarian cysts and in 98-99% of cases did not occur any metastatic disease. Ovarian transposition is associated with significant preservation of ovarian function and a low frequency of complications as cysts and metastasis. In 31% of cases the procedure can fail. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of ovarian transposition and the follow up. Ovarian transposition should be discussed at the time of cancer diagnosis in every premenopausal woman requiring pelvic radiotherapy.

A TALE of transposition: Tn3-like transposons play a major role in the spread of pathogenicity determinants of Xanthomonas citri and other xanthomonads.

PubMed

Ferreira, Rafael Marini; de Oliveira, Amanda Carolina P; Moreira, Leandro M; Belasque, José; Gourbeyre, Edith; Siguier, Patricia; Ferro, Maria Inês T; Ferro, Jesus A; Chandler, Michael; Varani, Alessandro M

2015-02-17

Members of the genus Xanthomonas are among the most important phytopathogens. A key feature of Xanthomonas pathogenesis is the translocation of type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins (T3SEs) into the plant target cells via a T3SS. Several T3SEs and a murein lytic transglycosylase gene (mlt, required for citrus canker symptoms) are found associated with three transposition-related genes in Xanthomonas citri plasmid pXAC64. These are flanked by short inverted repeats (IRs). The region was identified as a transposon, TnXax1, with typical Tn3 family features, including a transposase and two recombination genes. Two 14-bp palindromic sequences within a 193-bp potential resolution site occur between the recombination genes. Additional derivatives carrying different T3SEs and other passenger genes occur in different Xanthomonas species. The T3SEs include transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). Certain TALEs are flanked by the same IRs as found in TnXax1 to form mobile insertion cassettes (MICs), suggesting that they may be transmitted horizontally. A significant number of MICs carrying other passenger genes (including a number of TALE genes) were also identified, flanked by the same TnXax1 IRs and delimited by 5-bp target site duplications. We conclude that a large fraction of T3SEs, including individual TALEs and potential pathogenicity determinants, have spread by transposition and that TnXax1, which exhibits all of the essential characteristics of a functional transposon, may be involved in driving MIC transposition. We also propose that TALE genes may diversify by fork slippage during the replicative Tn3 family transposition. These mechanisms may play a crucial role in the emergence of Xanthomonas pathogenicity. Xanthomonas genomes carry many insertion sequences (IS) and transposons, which play an important role in their evolution and architecture. This study reveals a key relationship between transposons and pathogenicity determinants in Xanthomonas. We propose that several transposition events mediated by a Tn3-like element carrying different sets of passenger genes, such as different type III secretion system effectors (including transcription activation-like effectors [TALEs]), were determinant in the evolution and emergence of Xanthomonas pathogenicity. TALE genes are DNA-binding effectors that modulate plant transcription. We also present a model for generating TALE gene diversity based on fork slippage associated with the replicative transposition mechanism of Tn3-like transposons. This may provide a mechanism for niche adaptation, specialization, host-switching, and other lifestyle changes. These results will also certainly lead to novel insights into the evolution and emergence of the various diseases caused by different Xanthomonas species and pathovars. Copyright © 2015 Marini Ferreira et al.

[Diagnosis and treatment of strabismus caused by nasal endoscopic surgery].

PubMed

Ai, L K; Wu, X; Wang, J N; Li, J; Wu, Y; Zhou, J; Song, W X; Guo, R L

2017-12-11

Objective: Strabismus with diplopia is the main orbital complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study was to analyze clinical findings, treatment and outcomes of such cases. Methods: Retrospective case series. Twenty-three cases were divided into 3 groups based on the disease severity: group A, partial transection of the medial rectus muscle, group B, complete transection of the medical rectus, group C, transection of the medial rectus combined with the other orbital injuries. Complete ophthalmology examinations, including eye alignment, eye motility, force duction test, force generation test, general eye exam, and medical imaging (orbital CT or MRI), were performed for each case. The treatment included botulinum toxin (Botox) injection to the lateral rectus muscle, transposition of the vertical rectus muscle, and orbital surgery if needed. Results: In group A with Botox injection, all the cases achieved single vision in primary position, but still remained some adduction weakness. In group B treated by vertical transposition surgery combined with Botox, 22% of the cases got single vision in primary gaze. In group C, even with more efforts of treatment, the cases with orbital injury can only get cosmetic improvement, and diplopia and adduction dysfunction were found in most cases. Conclusions: Due to the variety of the complications of FESS, force duction test is a crucial exam to detect the direction and severity of synechia in the orbit, which will give solid information to surgery approach as well as prognosis. Botox injection at early stage will minimize the contraction of antagonist lateral rectus, helping to postpone the transposition surgery which may cause anterior segment ischemia when performed right after the medial rectus transection injury. Botox may even reduce the synechia by minimizing the scarring process. Partial vertical rectus transposition combined with muscle resection may effectively correct the eye misalignment in primary gaze and improve eye motility. The prognosis of FESS induced orbital complications is quite related with the severity of the injury. Botox combined with surgery may help medial rectus transection cases to achieve single vision in primary gaze, but when there is any other orbital injury, treatment may only improve cosmetic appearance. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 917-923) .

The Intermediate-Hue Transposition of Children After Same-Different and Seriation Pretraining

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buss, Judith Liane; Rabinowtiz, F. Michael

1973-01-01

Findings were: it did not matter whether the seriation involved the hues used in subsequent tasks or other hues; the presence or absence of reinforcement during perceptual pretraining did not affect pretraining, training, or transposition behavior; and seriation pretraining produced increased transposition in the intermediate-hue problem.…

Transposition-mediated DNA re-replication in maize

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jianbo; Zuo, Tao; Wang, Dafang; Peterson, Thomas

2014-01-01

Every DNA segment in a eukaryotic genome normally replicates once and only once per cell cycle to maintain genome stability. We show here that this restriction can be bypassed through alternative transposition, a transposition reaction that utilizes the termini of two separate, nearby transposable elements (TEs). Our results suggest that alternative transposition during S phase can induce re-replication of the TEs and their flanking sequences. The DNA re-replication can spontaneously abort to generate double-strand breaks, which can be repaired to generate Composite Insertions composed of transposon termini flanking segmental duplications of various lengths. These results show how alternative transposition coupled with DNA replication and repair can significantly alter genome structure and may have contributed to rapid genome evolution in maize and possibly other eukaryotes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03724.001 PMID:25406063

New insights into the transposition mechanisms of IS6110 and its dynamic distribution between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex lineages

PubMed Central

Uranga, Santiago; Picó, Ana; Lampreave, Carlos; Cebollada, Alberto; Otal, Isabel

2018-01-01

The insertion Sequence IS6110, only present in the pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), has been the gold-standard epidemiological marker for TB for more than 25 years, but biological implications of IS6110 transposition during MTBC adaptation to humans remain elusive. By studying 2,236 clinical isolates typed by IS6110-RFLP and covering the MTBC, we remarked a lineage-specific content of IS6110 being higher in modern globally distributed strains. Once observed the IS6110 distribution in the MTBC, we selected representative isolates and found a correlation between the normalized expression of IS6110 and its abundance in MTBC chromosomes. We also studied the molecular regulation of IS6110 transposition and we found a synergistic action of two post-transcriptional mechanisms: a -1 ribosomal frameshift and a RNA pseudoknot which interferes translation. The construction of a transcriptionally active transposase resulted in 20-fold increase of the transposition frequency. Finally, we examined transposition in M. bovis and M. tuberculosis during laboratory starvation and in a mouse infection model of TB. Our results shown a higher transposition in M. tuberculosis, that preferably happens during TB infection in mice and after one year of laboratory culture, suggesting that IS6110 transposition is dynamically adapted to the host and to adverse growth conditions. PMID:29649213

Gastric Transposition for Esophageal Replacement in Children

PubMed Central

Hirschl, Ronald B.; Yardeni, Dani; Oldham, Keith; Sherman, Neil; Siplovich, Leo; Gross, Eitan; Udassin, Raphael; Cohen, Zehavi; Nagar, Hagith; Geiger, James D.; Coran, Arnold G.

2002-01-01

Objective To evaluate the authors’ experience with gastric transposition as a method of esophageal replacement in children with congenital or acquired abnormalities of the esophagus. Summary Background Data Esophageal replacement in children is almost always done for benign disease and thus requires a conduit that will last more than 70 years. The organ most commonly used in the past has been colon; however, most series have been fraught with major complications and conduit loss. For these reasons, in 1985 the authors switched from using colon interpositions to gastric transpositions for esophageal replacement in infants and children. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 41 patients with the diagnoses of esophageal atresia (n = 26), corrosive injury (n = 8), leiomyomatosis (n = 5), and refractory gastroesophageal reflux (n = 2) who underwent gastric transposition for esophageal replacement. Results Mean ± SE age at the time of gastric transposition was 3.3 ± 0.6 years. All but two transpositions were performed through the posterior mediastinum without mortality or loss of the gastric conduit despite previous surgery on the gastric fundus in 8 (20%), previous esophageal operations in 15 (37%), and previous esophageal perforations in 6 (15%) patients. Complications included esophagogastric anastomotic leak (n = 15, 36%), which uniformly resolved without intervention; stricture formation (n = 20, 49%), all of which no longer require dilation; and feeding intolerance necessitating jejunal feeding (n = 8, 20%) due to delayed gastric emptying (n = 3), feeding aversion related to the underlying anomaly (n = 1), or severe neurological impairment (n = 4). No redo anastomoses were required. Conclusions Gastric transposition reestablishes effective gastrointestinal continuity with few complications. Oral feeding and appropriate weight gain are achieved in most children. Therefore, gastric transposition is an appropriate alternative for esophageal replacement in infants and children. PMID:12368682

Endoscopic Transmaxillary Transposition of Temporalis Flap for Recurrent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Closure.

PubMed

Thomas, Regi; Girishan, Shabari; Chacko, Ari George

2016-12-01

Objective  To describe the technique of endoscopic transmaxillary temporalis muscle flap transposition for the repair of a persistent postoperative sphenoidal cerebrospinal fluid leak. Design  The repair of a recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leak for a patient who had undergone endoscopic transsphenoidal excision of an invasive silent corticotroph Hardy C and Knosp Grade IV pituitary adenoma was undertaken. The patient had completed postoperative radiotherapy for the residual tumor and presented with cerebrospinal fluid leak, 1 year later. The initial two attempts to repair the cerebrospinal fluid leak with free grafts failed. Therefore, an endoscopic transmaxillary transposition of the temporalis muscle flap was attempted to stop the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Results  The endoscopic transmaxillary transposition of the vascularized temporalis muscle flap onto the cerebrospinal fluid leak repair site resulted in successful closure of the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Conclusion  Endoscopic transmaxillary transposition of the temporalis flap resulted in closure of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient with recurrent pituitary adenoma, who had undergone previous surgery and radiotherapy. This technique has advantages over the endoscopic transpterygoid transposition of the same flap and could be used as a complementary technique in selected patients.

Object permanence in the Goffin cockatoo (Cacatua goffini).

PubMed

Auersperg, Alice M I; Szabo, Birgit; von Bayern, Auguste M P; Bugnyar, Thomas

2014-02-01

The ability to represent hidden objects plays an important role in the survival of many species. In order to provide an inclusive synopsis of the current benchmark tasks used to test object permanence in animals for a psittacine representative, we tested eight Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffini) on Stages 3-6 of Piagetian object permanence as well as derivations of spatial transposition, rotation, and translocation tasks. Subjects instantly solved visible displacement 3b and 4a but showed an extended plateau for solving Stage 5a at a very late age (10 months). Subjects readily solved most invisible displacement tasks including double hidings and four angles (90°, 180°, 270°, and 360°) of rotation and translocations at high performance levels, although Piagetian Stage 6 invisible displacement tasks caused more difficulties for the animals than transposition, rotations, and translocation tasks. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

Transposable genetic elements in Spirulina and potential applications for genetic engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiroyuki, Kojima; Qin, Song; Thankappan, Ajith Kumar; Yoshikazu, Kawata; Shin-Ichi, Yano

1998-03-01

Transposable elements in cyanobacteria are briefly reviewed. Evidence is presented to show that transposable elements in Spirulina platensis is actually reflected on the phenotype change, i e., helical to straight filaments. Transposition intermediates of DNA were isolated from the extrachromosome and the transposition was related to helical variations in Spirulina. Uses of transposable elements for microalgal recombination are discussed based on the transposition mechanism.

An Epistemological Approach to French Syllabi on Human Origins during the 19th and 20th Centuries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quessada, Marie-Pierre; Clement, Pierre

2007-01-01

This study focuses on how human origins were taught in the French Natural Sciences syllabuses of the 19th and 20th centuries. We evaluate the interval between the publication of scientific concepts and their emergence in syllabuses, i.e., didactic transposition delay (DTD), to determine how long it took for scientific findings pertaining to our…

Target DNA bending by the Mu transpososome promotes careful transposition and prevents its reversal

PubMed Central

Fuller, James R; Rice, Phoebe A

2017-01-01

The transposition of bacteriophage Mu serves as a model system for understanding DDE transposases and integrases. All available structures of these enzymes at the end of the transposition reaction, including Mu, exhibit significant bends in the transposition target site DNA. Here we use Mu to investigate the ramifications of target DNA bending on the transposition reaction. Enhancing the flexibility of the target DNA or prebending it increases its affinity for transpososomes by over an order of magnitude and increases the overall reaction rate. This and FRET confirm that flexibility is interrogated early during the interaction between the transposase and a potential target site, which may be how other DNA binding proteins can steer selection of advantageous target sites. We also find that the conformation of the target DNA after strand transfer is involved in preventing accidental catalysis of the reverse reaction, as conditions that destabilize this conformation also trigger reversal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21777.001 PMID:28177285

Reverse Transcription of a Self-Primed Retrotransposon Requires an RNA Structure Similar to the U5-IR Stem-Loop of Retroviruses

PubMed Central

Lin, Jia-Hwei; Levin, Henry L.

1998-01-01

An inverted repeat (IR) within the U5 region of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) mRNA forms a structure composed of a 7-bp stem and a 5-nucleotide (nt) loop. This U5-IR structure has been shown to be required for the initiation of reverse transcription. The mRNA of Tf1, long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon from fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) contains nucleotides with the potential to form a U5-IR stem-loop that is strikingly similar to that of RSV. The putative U5-IR stem-loop of Tf1 consists of a 7-bp stem and a 25-nt loop. Results from mutagenesis studies indicate that the U5-IR stem-loop in the mRNA of Tf1 does form and that it is required for Tf1 transposition. Although the loop is required for transposition, we were surprised that the specific sequence of the nucleotides within the loop was unimportant for function. Additional investigation indicates that the loss of transposition activity due to a reduction in the loop size to 6 nt could be rescued by increasing the GC content of the stem. This result indicates that the large loop in the Tf1 mRNA relative to that of the RSV allows the formation of the relatively weak U5-IR stem. The levels of Tf1 proteins expressed and the amounts of Tf1 RNA packaged into the virus-like particles were not affected by mutations in the U5-IR structure. However, all of the mutations in the U5-IR structure that caused defects in transposition produced low amounts of reverse transcripts. A unique feature in the initiation of Tf1 reverse transcription is that, instead of a tRNA, the first 11 nt of the Tf1 mRNA serve as the minus-strand primer. Analysis of the 5′ end of Tf1 mRNA revealed that the mutations in the U5-IR stem-loop that resulted in defects in reverse transcription caused a reduction in the cleavage activity required to generate the Tf1 primer. Our results indicate that the U5-IR stems of Tf1 and RSV are conserved in size, position, and function. PMID:9774699

piggyBac transposons expressing full-length human dystrophin enable genetic correction of dystrophic mesoangioblasts

PubMed Central

Loperfido, Mariana; Jarmin, Susan; Dastidar, Sumitava; Di Matteo, Mario; Perini, Ilaria; Moore, Marc; Nair, Nisha; Samara-Kuko, Ermira; Athanasopoulos, Takis; Tedesco, Francesco Saverio; Dickson, George; Sampaolesi, Maurilio; VandenDriessche, Thierry; Chuah, Marinee K.

2016-01-01

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin. We developed a novel gene therapy approach based on the use of the piggyBac (PB) transposon system to deliver the coding DNA sequence (CDS) of either full-length human dystrophin (DYS: 11.1 kb) or truncated microdystrophins (MD1: 3.6 kb; MD2: 4 kb). PB transposons encoding microdystrophins were transfected in C2C12 myoblasts, yielding 65±2% MD1 and 66±2% MD2 expression in differentiated multinucleated myotubes. A hyperactive PB (hyPB) transposase was then deployed to enable transposition of the large-size PB transposon (17 kb) encoding the full-length DYS and green fluorescence protein (GFP). Stable GFP expression attaining 78±3% could be achieved in the C2C12 myoblasts that had undergone transposition. Western blot analysis demonstrated expression of the full-length human DYS protein in myotubes. Subsequently, dystrophic mesoangioblasts from a Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy dog were transfected with the large-size PB transposon resulting in 50±5% GFP-expressing cells after stable transposition. This was consistent with correction of the differentiated dystrophic mesoangioblasts following expression of full-length human DYS. These results pave the way toward a novel non-viral gene therapy approach for DMD using PB transposons underscoring their potential to deliver large therapeutic genes. PMID:26682797

Distribution of Unlinked Transpositions of a Ds Element from a T-DNA Locus on Tomato Chromosome 4

PubMed Central

Briza, J.; Carroll, B. J.; Klimyuk, V. I.; Thomas, C. M.; Jones, D. A.; Jones, JDG.

1995-01-01

In maize, receptor sites for unlinked transpositions of Activator (Ac) elements are not distributed randomly. To test whether the same is true in tomato, the receptor sites for a Dissociation (Ds) element derived from Ac, were mapped for 26 transpositions unlinked to a donor T-DNA locus on chromosome 4. Four independent transposed Dss mapped to sites on chromosome 4 genetically unlinked to the donor T-DNA, consistent with a preference for transposition to unlinked sites on the same chromosome as opposed to sites on other chromosomes. There was little preference among the nondonor chromosomes, except perhaps for chromosome 2, which carried seven transposed Dss, but these could not be proven to be independent. However, these data, when combined with those from other studies in tomato examining the distribution of transposed Acs or Dss among nondonor chromosomes, suggest there may be absolute preferences for transposition irrespective of the chromosomal location of the donor site. If true, transposition to nondonor chromosomes in tomato would differ from that in maize, where the preference seems to be determined by the spatial arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus. The tomato lines carrying Ds elements at known locations are available for targeted transposon tagging experiments. PMID:8536985

Cytotype Control of Drosophila Melanogaster P Element Transposition: Genomic Position Determines Maternal Repression

PubMed Central

Misra, S.; Buratowski, R. M.; Ohkawa, T.; Rio, D. C.

1993-01-01

P element transposition in Drosophila is controlled by the cytotype regulatory state: in P cytotype, transposition is repressed, whereas in M cytotype, transposition can occur. P cytotype is determined by a combination of maternally inherited factors and chromosomal P elements in the zygote. Transformant strains containing single elements that encoded the 66-kD P element protein zygotically repressed transposition, but did not display the maternal repression characteristic of P cytotype. Upon mobilization to new genomic positions, some of these repressor elements showed significant maternal repression of transposition in genetic assays, involving a true maternal effect. Thus, the genomic position of repressor elements can determine the maternal vs. zygotic inheritance of P cytotype. Immunoblotting experiments indicate that this genomic position effect does not operate solely by controlling the expression level of the 66-kD repressor protein during oogenesis. Likewise, P element derivatives containing the hsp26 maternal regulator sequence expressed high levels of the 66-kD protein during oogenesis, but showed no detectable maternal repression. These data suggest that the location of a repressor element in the genome may determine maternal inheritance of P cytotype by a mechanism involving more than the overall level of expression of the 66-kD protein in the ovary. PMID:8293979

Infrequent transposition of Ac in lettuce, Lactuca sativa.

PubMed

Yang, C H; Ellis, J G; Michelmore, R W

1993-08-01

The maize transposable element Activator (Ac) is being used to develop a transposon mutagenesis system in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. Two constructs containing the complete Ac from the waxy-m7 locus of maize were introduced into lettuce and monitored for activity using Southern analysis and PCR amplification of the excision site. No transposition of Ac was detected in over 32 transgenic R1 plants, although these constructs were known to provide frequent transposition in other species. Also, no transposition was observed in later generations. In subsequent experiments, transposition was detected in lettuce calli using constructs that allowed selection for excision events. In these constructs, the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene was interrupted by either Ac or Ds. Excision was detected as the ability of callus to grow on kanamycin. Synthesis of the transposase from the cDNA of Ac expressed from the T-DNA 2' promoter resulted in more frequent excision of Ds than was observed with the wild-type Ac. No excision was observed with Ds in the absence of the transposase. The excision events were confirmed by amplification of the excision site by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Excision and reintegration were also confirmed by Southern analysis. Ac/Ds is therefore capable of transposition in at least calli of lettuce.

Inducible Transposition of a Heat-Activated Retrotransposon in Tissue Culture.

PubMed

Masuta, Yukari; Nozawa, Kosuke; Takagi, Hiroki; Yaegashi, Hiroki; Tanaka, Keisuke; Ito, Tasuku; Saito, Hideyuki; Kobayashi, Hisato; Matsunaga, Wataru; Masuda, Seiji; Kato, Atsushi; Ito, Hidetaka

2017-02-01

A transposition of a heat-activated retrotransposon named ONSEN required compromise of a small RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation that includes RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) machinery after heat treatment. In the current study, we analyzed the transcriptional and transpositional activation of ONSEN to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the maintenance and/or induction of transposon activation in plant tissue culture. We found the transposition of heat-primed ONSEN during tissue culture independently of RdDM mutation. The heat activation of ONSEN transcripts was not significantly up-regulated in tissue culture compared with that in heat-stressed seedlings, indicating that the transposition of ONSEN was regulated independently of the transcript level. RdDM-related genes were up-regulated by heat stress in both tissue culture and seedlings. The level of DNA methylation of ONSEN did not show any change in tissue culture, and the amount of ONSEN-derived small RNAs was not affected by heat stress. The results indicated that the transposition of ONSEN was regulated by an alternative mechanism in addition to the RdDM-mediated epigenetic regulation in tissue culture. We applied the tissue culture-induced transposition of ONSEN to Japanese radish, an important breeding species of the family Brassicaceae. Several new insertions were detected in a regenerated plant derived from heat-stressed tissues and its self-fertilized progeny, revealing the possibility of molecular breeding without genetic modification. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Inferior Oblique Overaction: Anterior Transposition Versus Myectomy.

PubMed

Rajavi, Zhale; Feizi, Mohadeseh; Behradfar, Narges; Yaseri, Mehdi; Sayanjali, Shima; Motevaseli, Tahmine; Sabbaghi, Hamideh; Faghihi, Mohammad

2017-07-01

To compare the efficacy of inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition for correcting inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). This retrospective study was conducted on 56 patients with IOOA who had either myectomy or anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle from 2010 to 2015. The authors compared preoperative and postoperative inferior oblique muscle function grading (-4 to +4) as the main outcome measure and vertical and horizontal deviation, dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and A- and V-pattern between the two surgical groups as secondary outcomes. A total of 99 eyes of 56 patients with a mean age of 5.9 ± 6.5 years were included (47 eyes in the myectomy group and 52 eyes in the anterior transposition group). There were no differences in preoperative best corrected visual acuity, amblyopia, spherical equivalent, and primary versus secondary IOOA between the two groups. Both surgical procedures were effective in reducing IOOA and satisfactory results were similar between the two groups: 61.7% and 67.3% in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively (P = .56). After adjustment for the preoperative DVD, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups postoperatively. The preoperative hypertropia was 6 to 14 and 6 to 18 prism diopters (PD) in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively. After surgery, no patient had a vertical deviation greater than 5 PD. Both the inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition procedures are effective in reducing IOOA with similar satisfactory results. DVD and hypertropia were also corrected similarly by these two surgical procedures. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;54(4):232-237.]. Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.

[Foster Modification of Full Tendon Transposition of Vertical Rectus Muscles for Sixth Nerve Palsy].

PubMed

Heede, Santa

2018-04-11

Since 1907 a variety of muscle transposition procedures for the treatment of abducens nerve palsy has been established internationally. Full tendon transposition of the vertical rectus muscle was initially described by O'Connor 1935 and then augmented by Foster 1997 with addition of posterior fixation sutures on the vertical rectus muscle. Full tendon transposition augmented by Foster belongs to the group of the most powerful surgical techniques to improve the abduction. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of full tendon vertical rectus transposition augmented with lateral fixation suture for patients with abducens nerve palsy. Full tendon transpositions of vertical rectus muscles augmented with posterior fixation suture was performed in 2014 on five patients with abducens nerve palsy. Two of the patients received Botox injections in the medial rectus muscle: one of them three months after the surgery and another during the surgery. One of the patients had a combined surgery of the horizontal muscles one year before. On three of the patients, who received a pure transposition surgery, the preoperative deviation at the distance (mean: + 56.6 pd; range: + 40 to + 80 pd) was reduced by a mean of 39.6 pd (range 34 to 50 pd), the abduction was improved by a mean of 3 mm (range 2 to 4 mm). The other two patients, who received besides the transposition procedure additional surgeries of the horizontal muscles, the preoperative deviation at the distance (+ 25 and + 126 pd respectively) was reduced by 20 and 81 pd respectively. The abduction was improved by 4 and 8 mm respectively. After surgery two patients developed a vertical deviation with a maximum of 4 pd. None of the patients had complications or signs of anterior segment ischemia. The elevation and/or depression was only marginally affected. There was no diplopia in up- or downgaze. Full tendon transposition of vertical rectus muscles, augmented with lateral posterior fixation suture is a safe and effective treatment method for abducens nerve palsy and in most cases recession of the medial rectus can be avoided. Upgaze and downgaze are affected very slightly. Diverse studies have shown that the risk of anterior segment ischemia is low. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Repetitive transpositions of mitochondrial DNA sequences to the nucleus during the radiation of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus, Chiroptera).

PubMed

Shi, Huizhen; Dong, Ji; Irwin, David M; Zhang, Shuyi; Mao, Xiuguang

2016-05-01

Transposition of mitochondrial DNA into the nucleus, which gives rise to nuclear mitochondrial DNAs (NUMTs), has been well documented in eukaryotes. However, very few studies have assessed the frequency of these transpositions during the evolutionary history of a specific taxonomic group. Here we used the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) as a case study to determine the frequency and relative timing of nuclear transfers of mitochondrial control region sequences. For this, phylogenetic and coalescent analyzes were performed on NUMTs and authentic mtDNA sequences generated from eight horseshoe bat species. Our results suggest at least three independent transpositions, including two ancient and one more recent, during the evolutionary history of Rhinolophus. The two ancient transpositions are represented by the NUMT-1 and -2 clades, with each clade consisting of NUMTs from almost all studied species but originating from different portions of the mtDNA genome. Furthermore, estimates of the most recent common ancestor for each clade corresponded to the time of the initial diversification of this genus. The recent transposition is represented by NUMT-3, which was discovered only in a specific subgroup of Rhinolophus and exhibited a close relationship to its mitochondrial counterpart. Our similarity searches of mtDNA in the R. ferrumequinum genome confirmed the presence of NUMT-1 and NUMT-2 clade sequences and, for the first time, assessed the extent of NUMTs in a bat genome. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the frequency of transpositions of mtDNA occurring before the common ancestry of a genus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Astigmatism Induced by Combined Inferior Oblique Anterior Transposition Procedure and Lateral Rectus Recession Alone

PubMed Central

Eum, Sun Jung

2016-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the magnitude and axis of astigmatism induced by a combined inferior oblique (IO) anterior transposition procedure with lateral rectus (LR) recession versus LR recession alone. Methods Forty-six patients were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: those having concurrent inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) and intermittent exotropia (group 1, 20 patients) and those having only intermittent exotropia as a control (group 2, 26 patients). Group 1 underwent combined anterior transposition of IO with LR recession and group 2 underwent LR recession alone. Induced astigmatism was defined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism using double-angle vector analysis. Cylinder power, axis of induced astigmatism, and spherical equivalent were analyzed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Results Larger changes in the axis of induced astigmatism were observed in group 1, with 4.5° incyclotorsion, than in group 2 at 1 week after surgery (axis, 84.5° vs. 91°; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant inter-group difference thereafter. Relaxation and rapid regression in the incyclotorsion of induced astigmatism were observed over-time. Spherical equivalent significantly decreased postoperatively at 1 month in both groups, indicating a myopic shift (p = 0.011 for group 1 and p = 0.019 for group 2) but did not show significant differences at 3 months after surgery (p = 0.107 for group 1 and p = 0.760 for group 2). Conclusions Combined IO anterior transposition procedures caused an increased change in the axis of induced astigmatism, including temporary incyclotorsion, during the first week after surgery. However, this significant difference was not maintained thereafter. Thus, combined IO surgery with LR recession does not seem to produce a sustained astigmatic change, which can be a potential risk factor of postoperative amblyopia or diplopia compared with LR recession alone. PMID:27980365

Comparison of Astigmatism Induced by Combined Inferior Oblique Anterior Transposition Procedure and Lateral Rectus Recession Alone.

PubMed

Eum, Sun Jung; Chun, Bo Young

2016-12-01

The purpose of this study is to compare the magnitude and axis of astigmatism induced by a combined inferior oblique (IO) anterior transposition procedure with lateral rectus (LR) recession versus LR recession alone. Forty-six patients were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: those having concurrent inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) and intermittent exotropia (group 1, 20 patients) and those having only intermittent exotropia as a control (group 2, 26 patients). Group 1 underwent combined anterior transposition of IO with LR recession and group 2 underwent LR recession alone. Induced astigmatism was defined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism using double-angle vector analysis. Cylinder power, axis of induced astigmatism, and spherical equivalent were analyzed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Larger changes in the axis of induced astigmatism were observed in group 1, with 4.5° incyclotorsion, than in group 2 at 1 week after surgery (axis, 84.5° vs. 91°; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant inter-group difference thereafter. Relaxation and rapid regression in the incyclotorsion of induced astigmatism were observed over-time. Spherical equivalent significantly decreased postoperatively at 1 month in both groups, indicating a myopic shift ( p = 0.011 for group 1 and p = 0.019 for group 2) but did not show significant differences at 3 months after surgery ( p = 0.107 for group 1 and p = 0.760 for group 2). Combined IO anterior transposition procedures caused an increased change in the axis of induced astigmatism, including temporary incyclotorsion, during the first week after surgery. However, this significant difference was not maintained thereafter. Thus, combined IO surgery with LR recession does not seem to produce a sustained astigmatic change, which can be a potential risk factor of postoperative amblyopia or diplopia compared with LR recession alone.

The DNA-bending protein HMGB1 is a cellular cofactor of Sleeping Beauty transposition.

PubMed

Zayed, Hatem; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Khare, Dheeraj; Heinemann, Udo; Ivics, Zoltán

2003-05-01

Sleeping Beauty (SB) is the most active Tc1/ mariner-type transposon in vertebrates. SB contains two transposase-binding sites (DRs) at the end of each terminal inverted repeat (IR), a feature termed the IR/DR structure. We investigated the involvement of cellular proteins in the regulation of SB transposition. Here, we establish that the DNA-bending, high-mobility group protein, HMGB1 is a host-encoded cofactor of SB transposition. Transposition was severely reduced in mouse cells deficient in HMGB1. This effect was rescued by transient over-expression of HMGB1, and was partially complemented by HMGB2, but not with the HMGA1 protein. Over-expression of HMGB1 in wild-type mouse cells enhanced transposition, indicating that HMGB1 can be a limiting factor of transposition. SB transposase was found to interact with HMGB1 in vivo, suggesting that the transposase may recruit HMGB1 to transposon DNA. HMGB1 stimulated preferential binding of the transposase to the DR further from the cleavage site, and promoted bending of DNA fragments containing the transposon IR. We propose that the role of HMGB1 is to ensure that transposase-transposon complexes are first formed at the internal DRs, and subsequently to promote juxtaposition of functional sites in transposon DNA, thereby assisting the formation of synaptic complexes.

Involvement of a bifunctional, paired-like DNA-binding domain and a transpositional enhancer in Sleeping Beauty transposition.

PubMed

Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Khare, Dheeraj; Behlke, Joachim; Heinemann, Udo; Plasterk, Ronald H; Ivics, Zoltán

2002-09-13

Sleeping Beauty (SB) is the most active Tc1/mariner-like transposon in vertebrate species. Each of the terminal inverted repeats (IRs) of SB contains two transposase-binding sites (DRs). This feature, termed the IR/DR structure, is conserved in a group of Tc1-like transposons. The DNA-binding region of SB transposase, similar to the paired domain of Pax proteins, consists of two helix-turn-helix subdomains (PAI + RED = PAIRED). The N-terminal PAI subdomain was found to play a dominant role in contacting the DRs. Transposase was able to bind to mutant sites retaining the 3' part of the DRs; thus, primary DNA binding is not sufficient to determine the specificity of the transposition reaction. The PAI subdomain was also found to bind to a transpositional enhancer-like sequence within the left IR of SB, and to mediate protein-protein interactions between transposase subunits. A tetrameric form of the transposase was detected in solution, consistent with an interaction between the IR/DR structure and a transposase tetramer. We propose a model in which the transpositional enhancer and the PAI subdomain stabilize complexes formed by a transposase tetramer bound at the IR/DR. These interactions may result in enhanced stability of synaptic complexes, which might explain the efficient transposition of Sleeping Beauty in vertebrate cells.

The Evolution of Mobile DNAs: When Will Transposons Create Phylogenies That Look As If There Is a Master Gene?

PubMed Central

Brookfield, John F. Y.; Johnson, Louise J.

2006-01-01

Some families of mammalian interspersed repetitive DNA, such as the Alu SINE sequence, appear to have evolved by the serial replacement of one active sequence with another, consistent with there being a single source of transposition: the “master gene.” Alternative models, in which multiple source sequences are simultaneously active, have been called “transposon models.” Transposon models differ in the proportion of elements that are active and in whether inactivation occurs at the moment of transposition or later. Here we examine the predictions of various types of transposon model regarding the patterns of sequence variation expected at an equilibrium between transposition, inactivation, and deletion. Under the master gene model, all bifurcations in the true tree of elements occur in a single lineage. We show that this property will also hold approximately for transposon models in which most elements are inactive and where at least some of the inactivation events occur after transposition. Such tree shapes are therefore not conclusive evidence for a single source of transposition. PMID:16790583

Enhanced rearrangement technique for secure data transmission: case study credit card process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vyavahare, Tushar; Tekade, Darshana; Nayak, Saurabh; kumar, N. Suresh; Blessy Trencia Lincy, S. S.

2017-11-01

Encryption of data is very important in order to keep the data secure and make secure transactions and transmission of data. Such as online shopping. whenever we give our card details there is possibility of data being hacked or intruded. So to secure that we need to encrypt the data and decryption strategy should be known only to that particular bank. Therefore to achieve this objective RSA algorithm can be used. Where only intended sender and receiver can know about the encryption and decryption of data. To make the RSA technique more secure in this paper we propose the technique we call it Modified RSA. for which a transposition module is designed which uses Row Transposition method to encrypt the data. Before giving the card details to RSA the input will be given to this transposition module which will scrambles the data and rearranges it. Output of transposition will be then provided to the modified RSA which produces the cipher text to send over the network. Use of RSA and the transposition module will provide the dual security to whole system.

Bilateral Breast Enlargement: An Unusual Presentation of Superior Vena Cava Obstruction in a Hemodialysis Patient with Fibrosing Mediastinitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goo, Dong Erk, E-mail: degoo@hosp.sch.ac.kr; Kim, Yong Jae; Choi, Deuk Lin

2011-02-15

A 67-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease presented with profound edema of both breasts. The presence of a patent hemodialysis basilic transposition fistula and superior vena cava obstruction (SVC), due to fibrosing mediastinitis, was demonstrated by the use of fistulography. Endovascular treatment with a balloon and stent caused immediate resolution of the breast edema.

Dental transposition of canine and lateral incisor and impacted central incisor treatment: A case report

PubMed Central

Gebert, Tarcisio Jacinto; Palma, Vinícius Canavarros; Borges, Alvaro Henrique; Volpato, Luiz Evaristo Ricci

2014-01-01

Introduction Dental transposition and impaction are disorders related to ectopic eruption or failure in tooth eruption, which can affect child physical, mental and social development and may be difficult to be clinically solved. Methods We describe a case of transposition between the upper left canine and lateral incisor associated with impaction of the central incisor on the same side, in a 12-year-old patient. Conservative treatment involving surgical-orthodontic correction of transposed teeth and traction of the central incisor was conducted. Conclusion The option of correcting transposition and orthodontic traction by means of the segmented arch technique with devices such as cantilever and TMA rectangular wire loops, although a complex alternative, was proved to be esthetically and functionally effective. PMID:24713567

Situs Inversus with Levocardia and Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Vessels in a 35 year old Male: A Case report

PubMed Central

Ghorbnazadeh, Atefeh; Zirak, Nahid; Fazlinezhad, Afsoon; Moenipour, Aliasghar; Manshadi, Hamid Hoseinikhah; Teshnizi, Mohammad Abbasi

2017-01-01

Situs inversus with levocardia and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries represents a relatively very rare congenital condition and most patients are diagnosed in infancy or early age. This case report describes a 35-year old man with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries which presented with a five month history of exertional dyspnea. A diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram, showing situs inversus, levocardia, atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. He underwent physiologic repair, and was discharged thirty five days after the operation, in a good general condition. Although management of the corrected transposition of the great arteries patients remains controversial, the recommendation is that physiologic repair may be the procedure of choice for some patients, particularly complicated cases. PMID:28243408

Situs Inversus with Levocardia and Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Vessels in a 35 year old Male: A Case report.

PubMed

Ghorbnazadeh, Atefeh; Zirak, Nahid; Fazlinezhad, Afsoon; Moenipour, Aliasghar; Manshadi, Hamid Hoseinikhah; Teshnizi, Mohammad Abbasi

2017-01-01

Situs inversus with levocardia and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries represents a relatively very rare congenital condition and most patients are diagnosed in infancy or early age. This case report describes a 35-year old man with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries which presented with a five month history of exertional dyspnea. A diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram, showing situs inversus, levocardia, atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. He underwent physiologic repair, and was discharged thirty five days after the operation, in a good general condition. Although management of the corrected transposition of the great arteries patients remains controversial, the recommendation is that physiologic repair may be the procedure of choice for some patients, particularly complicated cases.

Intramolecular transposition by a synthetic IS50 (Tn5) derivative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tomcsanyi, T.; Phadnis, S.H.; Berg, D.E.

1990-11-01

We report the formation of deletions and inversions by intramolecular transposition of Tn5-derived mobile elements. The synthetic transposons used contained the IS50 O and I end segments and the transposase gene, a contraselectable gene encoding sucrose sensitivity (sacB), antibiotic resistance genes, and a plasmid replication origin. Both deletions and inversions were associated with loss of a 300-bp segment that is designated the vector because it is outside of the transposon. Deletions were severalfold more frequent than inversions, perhaps reflecting constraints on DNA twisting or abortive transposition. Restriction and DNA sequence analyses showed that both types of rearrangements extended from onemore » transposon end to many different sites in target DNA. In the case of inversions, transposition generated 9-bp direct repeats of target sequences.« less

Symmetric Stream Cipher using Triple Transposition Key Method and Base64 Algorithm for Security Improvement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurdiyanto, Heri; Rahim, Robbi; Wulan, Nur

2017-12-01

Symmetric type cryptography algorithm is known many weaknesses in encryption process compared with asymmetric type algorithm, symmetric stream cipher are algorithm that works on XOR process between plaintext and key, to improve the security of symmetric stream cipher algorithm done improvisation by using Triple Transposition Key which developed from Transposition Cipher and also use Base64 algorithm for encryption ending process, and from experiment the ciphertext that produced good enough and very random.

Comparison of the complete genome sequences of four γ-hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterial strains: insights into the evolution of bacteria able to degrade a recalcitrant man-made pesticide.

PubMed

Tabata, Michiro; Ohhata, Satoshi; Nikawadori, Yuki; Kishida, Kouhei; Sato, Takuya; Kawasumi, Toru; Kato, Hiromi; Ohtsubo, Yoshiyuki; Tsuda, Masataka; Nagata, Yuji

2016-12-01

γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) is a recalcitrant man-made chlorinated pesticide. Here, the complete genome sequences of four γ-HCH-degrading sphingomonad strains, which are most unlikely to have been derived from one ancestral γ-HCH degrader, were compared. Together with several experimental data, we showed that (i) all the four strains carry almost identical linA to linE genes for the conversion of γ-HCH to maleylacetate (designated "specific" lin genes), (ii) considerably different genes are used for the metabolism of maleylacetate in one of the four strains, and (iii) the linKLMN genes for the putative ABC transporter necessary for γ-HCH utilization exhibit structural divergence, which reflects the phylogenetic relationship of their hosts. Replicon organization and location of the lin genes in the four genomes are significantly different with one another, and that most of the specific lin genes are located on multiple sphingomonad-unique plasmids. Copies of IS6100, the most abundant insertion sequence in the four strains, are often located in close proximity to the specific lin genes. Analysis of the footprints of target duplication upon IS6100 transposition and the experimental detection of IS6100 transposition strongly suggested that the IS6100 transposition has caused dynamic genome rearrangements and the diversification of lin-flanking regions in the four strains. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.

piggyBac transposons expressing full-length human dystrophin enable genetic correction of dystrophic mesoangioblasts.

PubMed

Loperfido, Mariana; Jarmin, Susan; Dastidar, Sumitava; Di Matteo, Mario; Perini, Ilaria; Moore, Marc; Nair, Nisha; Samara-Kuko, Ermira; Athanasopoulos, Takis; Tedesco, Francesco Saverio; Dickson, George; Sampaolesi, Maurilio; VandenDriessche, Thierry; Chuah, Marinee K

2016-01-29

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin. We developed a novel gene therapy approach based on the use of the piggyBac (PB) transposon system to deliver the coding DNA sequence (CDS) of either full-length human dystrophin (DYS: 11.1 kb) or truncated microdystrophins (MD1: 3.6 kb; MD2: 4 kb). PB transposons encoding microdystrophins were transfected in C2C12 myoblasts, yielding 65±2% MD1 and 66±2% MD2 expression in differentiated multinucleated myotubes. A hyperactive PB (hyPB) transposase was then deployed to enable transposition of the large-size PB transposon (17 kb) encoding the full-length DYS and green fluorescence protein (GFP). Stable GFP expression attaining 78±3% could be achieved in the C2C12 myoblasts that had undergone transposition. Western blot analysis demonstrated expression of the full-length human DYS protein in myotubes. Subsequently, dystrophic mesoangioblasts from a Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy dog were transfected with the large-size PB transposon resulting in 50±5% GFP-expressing cells after stable transposition. This was consistent with correction of the differentiated dystrophic mesoangioblasts following expression of full-length human DYS. These results pave the way toward a novel non-viral gene therapy approach for DMD using PB transposons underscoring their potential to deliver large therapeutic genes. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Transposition of the Greater Arteries (TGA)

MedlinePlus

... Heart Disease Diseases of the arteries, valves, and aorta, as well as cardiac rhythm disturbances Aortic Valve ... Transposition of the Great Arteries Coarctation of the Aorta Truncus Arteriosus Single Ventricle Defects Patent Ductus Arteriosus ...

Increase in IS256 transposition in invasive vancomycin heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate belonging to ST100 and its derived VISA mutants.

PubMed

Di Gregorio, Sabrina; Fernandez, Silvina; Perazzi, Beatriz; Bello, Natalia; Famiglietti, Angela; Mollerach, Marta

2016-09-01

In Staphylococcus aureus, transposition of IS256 has been described to play an important role in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This study describes the molecular characterization of two clinical heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) isolates recovered from the same patient (before and after antibiotic treatment) and two VISA derivatives obtained by serial passages in the presence of vancomycin. Our results showed that antibiotic treatment (in vivo and in vitro) could enhance IS256 transposition, being responsible for the eventual loss of agr function. As far as we know this is the first study that reports the increase of IS256 transposition in isogenic strains after antibiotic treatment in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anterior transposition of the radial nerve--a cadaveric study.

PubMed

Yakkanti, Madhusudhan R; Roberts, Craig S; Murphy, Joshua; Acland, Robert D

2008-01-01

The radial nerve is at risk during the posterior plating of the humerus. The purpose of this anatomic study was to assess the extent of radial nerve dissection required for anterior transposition through the fracture site (transfracture anterior transposition). A cadaver study was conducted approaching the humerus by a posterior midline incision. The extent of dissection of the nerve necessary for plate fixation of the humerus fracture was measured. An osteotomy was created to model a humeral shaft fracture at the spiral groove (OTA classification 12-A2, 12-A3). The radial nerve was then transposed anterior to the humeral shaft through the fracture site. The additional dissection of the radial nerve and the extent of release of soft tissue from the humerus shaft to achieve the transposition were measured. Plating required a dissection of the radial nerve 1.78 cm proximal and 2.13 cm distal to the spiral groove. Transfracture anterior transposition of the radial nerve required an average dissection of 2.24 cm proximal and 2.68 cm distal to the spiral groove. The lateral intermuscular septum had to be released for 2.21 cm on the distal fragment to maintain laxity of the transposed nerve. Transfracture anterior transposition of the radial nerve before plating is feasible with dissection proximal and distal to the spiral groove and elevation of the lateral intermuscular septum. Potential clinical advantages of this technique include enhanced fracture site visualization, application of broader plates, and protection of the radial nerve during the internal fixation.

The Tn7 transposition regulator TnsC interacts with the transposase subunit TnsB and target selector TnsD

PubMed Central

Choi, Ki Young; Spencer, Jeanelle M.; Craig, Nancy L.

2014-01-01

The excision of transposon Tn7 from a donor site and its insertion into its preferred target site, attachment site attTn7, is mediated by four Tn7-encoded transposition proteins: TnsA, TnsB, TnsC, and TnsD. Transposition requires the assembly of a nucleoprotein complex containing all four Tns proteins and the DNA substrates, the donor site containing Tn7, and the preferred target site attTn7. TnsA and TnsB together form the heteromeric Tn7 transposase, and TnsD is a target-selecting protein that binds specifically to attTn7. TnsC is the key regulator of transposition, interacting with both the TnsAB transposase and TnsD-attTn7. We show here that TnsC interacts directly with TnsB, and identify the specific region of TnsC involved in the TnsB–TnsC interaction during transposition. We also show that a TnsC mutant defective in interaction with TnsB is defective for Tn7 transposition both in vitro and in vivo. Tn7 displays cis-acting target immunity, which blocks Tn7 insertion into a target DNA that already contains Tn7. We provide evidence that the direct TnsB–TnsC interaction that we have identified also mediates cis-acting Tn7 target immunity. We also show that TnsC interacts directly with the target selector protein TnsD. PMID:24982178

Coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition for treatment of exposed and nonunion bone.

PubMed

Zhao, Yong-gang; Ding, Jing; Wang, Neng

2011-02-01

To discuss the effect of coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition on exposed and nonunion bones. The data of 12 cases of infected nonunion and exposed bone following open fracture treated in our hospital during the period of March 1998 to June 2008 were analysed. There were 10 male patients, 2 female patients, whose age were between 19-52 years and averaged 28 years. There were 10 tibial fractures and 2 femoral fractures. The course of diseases lasted for 12-39 months with the mean period of 19 months. All the cases were treated by the coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition. Primary healing were achieved in 10 cases and delayed healing in 2 cases in whom the tibia was exposed due to soft tissue defect and hence local flap transposition was performed. All the 12 cases had bony union within 6-12 months after operation with the average time of 8 months. They were followed up for 1-3 years and all fractures healed up with good function and no infection recurrence. The coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition therapy have shown optimal effects on treating infected, exposed and nonunion bones.

Qualitative and Quantitative Assays of Transposition and Homologous Recombination of the Retrotransposon Tf1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PubMed

Sangesland, Maya; Atwood-Moore, Angela; Rai, Sudhir K; Levin, Henry L

2016-01-01

Transposition and homologous recombination assays are valuable genetic tools to measure the production and integration of cDNA from the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon Tf1 in the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Here we describe two genetic assays, one that measures the transposition activity of Tf1 by monitoring the mobility of a drug resistance marked Tf1 element expressed from a multi-copy plasmid and another assay that measures homologous recombination between Tf1 cDNA and the expression plasmid. While the transposition assay measures insertion of full-length Tf1 cDNA mediated by the transposon integrase, the homologous recombination assay measures levels of cDNA present in the nucleus and is independent of integrase activity. Combined, these assays can be used to systematically screen large collections of strains to identify mutations that specifically inhibit the integration step in the retroelement life cycle. Such mutations can be identified because they reduce transposition activity but nevertheless have wild-type frequencies of homologous recombination. Qualitative assays of yeast patches on agar plates detect large defects in integration and recombination, while the quantitative approach provides a precise method of determining integration and recombination frequencies.

Minos as a novel Tc1/mariner-type transposable element for functional genomic analysis in Aspergillus nidulans.

PubMed

Evangelinos, Minoas; Anagnostopoulos, Gerasimos; Karvela-Kalogeraki, Iliana; Stathopoulou, Panagiota M; Scazzocchio, Claudio; Diallinas, George

2015-08-01

Transposons constitute powerful genetic tools for gene inactivation, exon or promoter trapping and genome analyses. The Minos element from Drosophila hydei, a Tc1/mariner-like transposon, has proved as a very efficient tool for heterologous transposition in several metazoa. In filamentous fungi, only a handful of fungal-specific transposable elements have been exploited as genetic tools, with the impala Tc1/mariner element from Fusarium oxysporum being the most successful. Here, we developed a two-component transposition system to manipulate Minos transposition in Aspergillus nidulans (AnMinos). Our system allows direct selection of transposition events based on re-activation of niaD, a gene necessary for growth on nitrate as a nitrogen source. On average, among 10(8) conidiospores, we obtain up to ∼0.8×10(2) transposition events leading to the expected revertant phenotype (niaD(+)), while ∼16% of excision events lead to AnMinos loss. Characterized excision footprints consisted of the four terminal bases of the transposon flanked by the TA target duplication and led to no major DNA rearrangements. AnMinos transposition depends on the presence of its homologous transposase. Its frequency was not significantly affected by temperature, UV irradiation or the transcription status of the original integration locus (niaD). Importantly, transposition is dependent on nkuA, encoding an enzyme essential for non-homologous end joining of DNA in double-strand break repair. AnMinos proved to be an efficient tool for functional analysis as it seems to transpose in different genomic loci positions in all chromosomes, including a high proportion of integration events within or close to genes. We have used Minos to obtain morphological and toxic analogue resistant mutants. Interestingly, among morphological mutants some seem to be due to Minos-elicited over-expression of specific genes, rather than gene inactivation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bilateral Superior Labial Mucosal Transposition Flaps to Correct Stenosis of the Nares Following Bilateral Rostral Maxillectomy Combined with Nasal Planum Resection in a Dog.

PubMed

Séguin, Bernard; Steinke, Julia R

2016-04-01

To describe a technique using labial mucosal flaps to correct stenosis of the nares subsequent to bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection. Case report Client-owned dog. A 10-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever developed repeated stenosis of the nares, at first after bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planum resection, and again after revision surgery. Bilateral, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps were created and interpolated between the nasal mucosa and skin after debridement of scar tissue. The stenosis did not recur after mucosal flap transposition and the dog returned to normal quality of life (last follow-up 25 months postoperative). Single-stage, superior labial mucosal transposition flaps can be used to correct nares stenosis subsequent to previous surgery. © Copyright 2016 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Known knowns, known unknowns and unknown unknowns in prokaryotic transposition.

PubMed

Siguier, Patricia; Gourbeyre, Edith; Chandler, Michael

2017-08-01

Although the phenomenon of transposition has been known for over 60 years, its overarching importance in modifying and streamlining genomes took some time to recognize. In spite of a robust understanding of transposition of some TE, there remain a number of important TE groups with potential high genome impact and unknown transposition mechanisms and yet others, only recently identified by bioinformatics, yet to be formally confirmed as mobile. Here, we point to some areas of limited understanding concerning well established important TE groups with DDE Tpases, to address central gaps in our knowledge of characterised Tn with other types of Tpases and finally, to highlight new potentially mobile DNA species. It is not exhaustive. Examples have been chosen to provide encouragement in the continued exploration of the considerable prokaryotic mobilome especially in light of the current threat to public health posed by the spread of multiple Ab R . Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of a Chlamydomonas Transposon, Gulliver, Resembling Those in Higher Plants

PubMed Central

Ferris, P. J.

1989-01-01

While pursuing a chromosomal walk through the mt(+) locus of linkage group VI of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, I encountered a 12-kb sequence that was found to be present in approximately 12 copies in the nuclear genome. Comparison of various C. reinhardtii laboratory strains provided evidence that the sequence was mobile and therefore a transposon. One of two separate natural isolates interfertile with C. reinhardtii, C. smithii (CC-1373), contained the transposon, but at completely different locations in its nuclear genome than C. reinhardtii; and a second, CC-1952 (S1-C5), lacked the transposon altogether. Genetic analysis indicated that the transposon was found at dispersed sites throughout the genome, but had a conserved structure at each location. Sequence homology between the termini was limited to an imperfect 15-bp inverted repeat. An 8-bp target site duplication was created by insertion; transposon sequences were completely removed upon excision leaving behind both copies of the target site duplication, with minor base changes. The transposon contained an internal region of unique repetitive sequence responsible for restriction fragment length heterogeneity among the various copies of the transposon. In several cases it was possible to identify which of the dozen transposons in a given strain served as the donor when a transposition event occurred. The transposon often moved into a site genetically linked to the donor, and transposition appeared to be nonreplicative. Thus the mechanism of transposition and excision of the transposon, which I have named Gulliver, resembles that of certain higher plant transposons, like the Ac transposon of maize. PMID:2570007

The morphology of the coronary sinus in patients with congenitally corrected transposition: implications for cardiac catheterisation and re-synchronisation therapy.

PubMed

Aiello, Vera D; Ferreira, Flávia C N; Scanavacca, Mauricio I; Anderson, Robert H; D'Avila, André

2016-02-01

Patients with congenitally corrected transposition frequently benefit from re-synchronisation therapy or ablation procedures. This is likely to require catheterisation of the coronary sinus. Its anatomy, however, is not always appreciated, despite being well-described. With this caveat in mind, we have evaluated its location and structure in hearts with congenitally corrected transposition in order to reinforce the guidance needed by the cardiac interventionist. We dissected and inspected the coronary sinus, the oblique vein of the left atrium, and the left-sided-circumflex venous channel in eight heart specimens with corrected transposition and eight controls, measuring the orifice and length of the sinus and the atrioventricular valves. In two-thirds of the malformed hearts, the sinus deviated from its anticipated course in the atrioventricular groove, ascending obliquely on the left atrial inferior wall to meet the left oblique vein. The maximal deviation coincided in all hearts with the point where the left oblique vein joined the left-sided-circumflex vein to form the coronary sinus. We describe a circumflex vein, rather than the great cardiac vein, as the latter venous channel is right-sided in the setting of corrected transposition. The length of the sinus correlated positively with the diameter of the tricuspid valve (p=0.02). Compared with controls, the left oblique vein in the malformed hearts joined the circumflex venous channel significantly closer to the mouth of the sinus. The unexpected course of the coronary sinus in corrected transposition and the naming of the cardiac veins have important implications for venous cannulation and interpretation of images.

The yeast retrotransposon Ty5 uses the anticodon stem-loop of the initiator methionine tRNA as a primer for reverse transcription.

PubMed Central

Ke, N; Gao, X; Keeney, J B; Boeke, J D; Voytas, D F

1999-01-01

Retrotransposons and retroviruses replicate by reverse transcription of an mRNA intermediate. Most retroelements initiate reverse transcription from a host-encoded tRNA primer. DNA synthesis typically extends from the 3'-OH of the acceptor stem, which is complementary to sequences on the retroelement mRNA (the primer binding site, PBS). However, for some retrotransposons, including the yeast Ty5 elements, sequences in the anticodon stem-loop of the initiator methionine tRNA (IMT) are complementary to the PBS. We took advantage of the genetic tractability of the yeast system to investigate the mechanism of Ty5 priming. We found that transposition frequencies decreased at least 800-fold for mutations in the Ty5 PBS that disrupt complementarity with the IMT. Similarly, transposition was reduced at least 200-fold for IMT mutations in the anticodon stem-loop. Base pairing between the Ty5 PBS and IMT is essential for transposition, as compensatory changes that restored base pairing between the two mutant RNAs restored transposition significantly. An analysis of 12 imt mutants with base changes outside of the region of complementarity failed to identify other tRNA residues important for transposition. In addition, assays carried out with heterologous IMTs from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that residues outside of the anticodon stem-loop have at most a fivefold effect on transposition. Our genetic system should make it possible to further define the components required for priming and to understand the mechanism by which Ty5's novel primer is generated. PMID:10411136

Inferior alveolar nerve transposition in conjunction with implant placement.

PubMed

Ferrigno, Nicola; Laureti, Mauro; Fanali, Stefano

2005-01-01

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of neurosensory disturbance and the cumulative survival and success rates of ITI solid-screw implants placed in conjunction with an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transposition technique. 46 ITI implants were placed in 15 patients following transposition of the IAN. In 4 patients nerve transpositioning was performed bilaterally, so a total of 19 IAN mobilization surgeries were performed. Neurosensory dysfunction was objectively evaluated by using light touch (LT), pain (PT), and 2-point discrimination (2-DT) tests. In addition, patients were asked to answer a short questionnaire to investigate individual feelings of discomfort and advantages related to this surgical technique. The mean follow-up period was 49.1 months (range, 12 to 78 months). The cumulative implant survival and success rates were 95.7% and 90.5%, respectively. Only 2 implants were lost. Neurosensory disturbance (ie, disturbance registered by the LT, PT, and 2-DT tests) was experienced in 4 of 19 cases. However, at the time of data analysis (12 to 78 months after surgery), all patients indicated that they would go through the surgery again. The IAN transposition technique, when used in the severely atrophied posterior mandible, allowed placement of implants with adequate length and good initial stabilization. All patients felt that they had received significant benefits from their new prostheses. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that lateral nerve transposition can be used as a surgical procedure to enable ITI implant placement in the severely resorbed posterior mandible.

Functional characterization of piggyBat from the bat Myotis lucifugus unveils an active mammalian DNA transposon.

PubMed

Mitra, Rupak; Li, Xianghong; Kapusta, Aurélie; Mayhew, David; Mitra, Robi D; Feschotte, Cédric; Craig, Nancy L

2013-01-02

A revelation of the genomic age has been the contributions of the mobile DNA segments called transposable elements to chromosome structure, function, and evolution in virtually all organisms. Substantial fractions of vertebrate genomes derive from transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via RNA intermediates. Although many of these elements have been inactivated by mutation, several active retroelements remain. Vertebrate genomes also contain substantial quantities and a high diversity of cut-and-paste DNA transposons, but no active representative of this class has been identified in mammals. Here we show that a cut-and-paste element called piggyBat, which has recently invaded the genome of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and is a member of the piggyBac superfamily, is active in its native form in transposition assays in bat and human cultured cells, as well as in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study suggests that some DNA transposons are still actively shaping some mammalian genomes and reveals an unprecedented opportunity to study the mechanism, regulation, and genomic impact of cut-and-paste transposition in a natural mammalian host.

Classification of multipartite entanglement via negativity fonts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, S. Shelly; Sharma, N. K.

2012-04-01

Partial transposition of state operator is a well-known tool to detect quantum correlations between two parts of a composite system. In this paper, the global partial transpose (GPT) is linked to conceptually multipartite underlying structures in a state—the negativity fonts. If K-way negativity fonts with nonzero determinants exist, then selective partial transposition of a pure state, involving K of the N qubits (K⩽N), yields an operator with negative eigenvalues, identifying K-body correlations in the state. Expansion of GPT in terms of K-way partially transposed (KPT) operators reveals the nature of intricate intrinsic correlations in the state. Classification criteria for multipartite entangled states based on the underlying structure of global partial transpose of canonical state are proposed. The number of N-partite entanglement types for an N-qubit system is found to be 2N-1-N+2, while the number of major entanglement classes is 2N-1-1. Major classes for three- and four-qubit states are listed. Subclasses are determined by the number and type of negativity fonts in canonical states.

Aberrant twinning (diprosopus) associated with anencephaly.

PubMed

Moerman, P; Fryns, J P; Goddeeris, P; Lauweryns, J M; Van Assche, A

1983-10-01

A case of Monocephalus diprosopus, associated with craniorachischisis and duplication of most of the foregut derivates is presented. The major part of the cardiovascular system remained single but the heart exhibited severe defects, including a complete persistent atrioventricular canal, transposition of the great arteries and atresia of the pulmonary valve. This report further supports the hypothesis that certain-types of incomplete twinning and neural tube defects may be caused by a single teratogenic mechanism.

Facts about dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA)

MedlinePlus

... Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left ... the heart – the main pulmonary artery and the aorta – are switched in position, or “transposed.” What is ...

Prosthetic valve implantation with preservation of the entire valvular and subvalvular apparatus of the tricuspid valve in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Ergenoglu, Mehmet U; Yerebakan, Halit; Ozveren, Olcay; Koner, Ozge; Kalangos, Afksendiyos; Demirsoy, Ergun

2011-10-01

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, which is characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance, is a rare congenital heart disease. Most of the cases are diagnosed in childhood, owing to associated cardiac anomalies, such as ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia, and Ebstein-like malformation of the tricuspid valve. We present a patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries who underwent surgical replacement of the tricuspid valve with a bioprosthesis and reconstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract with bovine conduit.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA recombination and repair functions of the RAD52 epistasis group inhibit Ty1 transposition.

PubMed Central

Rattray, A J; Shafer, B K; Garfinkel, D J

2000-01-01

RNA transcribed from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae retrotransposon Ty1 accumulates to a high level in mitotically growing haploid cells, yet transposition occurs at very low frequencies. The product of reverse transcription is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule that reenters the genome by either Ty1-integrase-mediated insertion or homologous recombination with one of the preexisting genomic Ty1 (or delta) elements. Here we examine the role of the cellular homologous recombination functions on Ty1 transposition. We find that transposition is elevated in cells mutated for genes in the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway, such as RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, or RAD57, or in the DNA ligase I gene CDC9, but is not elevated in cells mutated in the DNA repair functions encoded by the RAD1, RAD2, or MSH2 genes. The increase in Ty1 transposition observed when genes in the RAD52 recombinational pathway are mutated is not associated with a significant increase in Ty1 RNA or proteins. However, unincorporated Ty1 cDNA levels are markedly elevated. These results suggest that members of the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway inhibit Ty1 post-translationally by influencing the fate of Ty1 cDNA. PMID:10655210

Efficient Sleeping Beauty DNA Transposition From DNA Minicircles

PubMed Central

Sharma, Nynne; Cai, Yujia; Bak, Rasmus O; Jakobsen, Martin R; Schrøder, Lisbeth Dahl; Mikkelsen, Jacob Giehm

2013-01-01

DNA transposon-based vectors have emerged as new potential delivery tools in therapeutic gene transfer. Such vectors are now showing promise in hematopoietic stem cells and primary human T cells, and clinical trials with transposon-engineered cells are on the way. However, the use of plasmid DNA as a carrier of the vector raises safety concerns due to the undesirable administration of bacterial sequences. To optimize vectors based on the Sleeping Beauty (SB) DNA transposon for clinical use, we examine here SB transposition from DNA minicircles (MCs) devoid of the bacterial plasmid backbone. Potent DNA transposition, directed by the hyperactive SB100X transposase, is demonstrated from MC donors, and the stable transfection rate is significantly enhanced by expressing the SB100X transposase from MCs. The stable transfection rate is inversely related to the size of circular donor, suggesting that a MC-based SB transposition system benefits primarily from an increased cellular uptake and/or enhanced expression which can be observed with DNA MCs. DNA transposon and transposase MCs are easily produced, are favorable in size, do not carry irrelevant DNA, and are robust substrates for DNA transposition. In accordance, DNA MCs should become a standard source of DNA transposons not only in therapeutic settings but also in the daily use of the SB system. PMID:23443502

An O([Formula: see text]) algorithm for sorting signed genomes by reversals, transpositions, transreversals and block-interchanges.

PubMed

Yu, Shuzhi; Hao, Fanchang; Leong, Hon Wai

2016-02-01

We consider the problem of sorting signed permutations by reversals, transpositions, transreversals, and block-interchanges. The problem arises in the study of species evolution via large-scale genome rearrangement operations. Recently, Hao et al. gave a 2-approximation scheme called genome sorting by bridges (GSB) for solving this problem. Their result extended and unified the results of (i) He and Chen - a 2-approximation algorithm allowing reversals, transpositions, and block-interchanges (by also allowing transversals) and (ii) Hartman and Sharan - a 1.5-approximation algorithm allowing reversals, transpositions, and transversals (by also allowing block-interchanges). The GSB result is based on introduction of three bridge structures in the breakpoint graph, the L-bridge, T-bridge, and X-bridge that models goodreversal, transposition/transreversal, and block-interchange, respectively. However, the paper by Hao et al. focused on proving the 2-approximation GSB scheme and only mention a straightforward [Formula: see text] algorithm. In this paper, we give an [Formula: see text] algorithm for implementing the GSB scheme. The key idea behind our faster GSB algorithm is to represent cycles in the breakpoint graph by their canonical sequences, which greatly simplifies the search for these bridge structures. We also give some comparison results (running time and computed distances) against the original GSB implementation.

CRISPR regulation of intraspecies diversification by limiting IS transposition and intercellular recombination.

PubMed

Watanabe, Takayasu; Nozawa, Takashi; Aikawa, Chihiro; Amano, Atsuo; Maruyama, Fumito; Nakagawa, Ichiro

2013-01-01

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and genetic rearrangement are considered as major driving forces of bacterial diversification. Previous comparative genome analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen related to periodontitis, implied such an important relationship. As a counterpart system to MGEs, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) in bacteria may be useful for genetic typing. We found that CRISPR typing could be a reasonable alternative to conventional methods for characterizing phylogenetic relationships among 60 highly diverse P. gingivalis isolates. Examination of genetic recombination along with multilocus sequence typing suggests the importance of such events between different isolates. MGEs appear to be strategically located at the breakpoint gaps of complicated genome rearrangements. Of these MGEs, insertion sequences (ISs) were found most frequently. CRISPR analysis identified 2,150 spacers that were clustered into 1,187 unique ones. Most of these spacers exhibited no significant nucleotide similarity to known sequences (97.6%: 1,158/1,187). Surprisingly, CRISPR spacers exhibiting high nucleotide similarity to regions of P. gingivalis genomes including ISs were predominant. The proportion of such spacers to all the unique spacers (1.6%: 19/1,187) was the highest among previous studies, suggesting novel functions for these CRISPRs. These results indicate that P. gingivalis is a bacterium with high intraspecies diversity caused by frequent insertion sequence (IS) transposition, whereas both the introduction of foreign DNA, primarily from other P. gingivalis cells, and IS transposition are limited by CRISPR interference. It is suggested that P. gingivalis CRISPRs could be an important source for understanding the role of CRISPRs in the development of bacterial diversity.

Method and structure for cache aware transposition via rectangular subsections

DOEpatents

Gustavson, Fred Gehrung; Gunnels, John A

2014-02-04

A method and structure for transposing a rectangular matrix A in a computer includes subdividing the rectangular matrix A into one or more square submatrices and executing an in-place transposition for each of the square submatrices A.sub.ij.

[Clinical epidemiological retro prospective studies on the incidence and prevalence of cardiac congenital abnormalities in a group of 1570 children, born in Iaşi between 2000-2009].

PubMed

Chiosac, Alina Andreea Andreescu; Gorduza, E V; Stamatin, Maria; Novac, Otilia; Ivan, A

2010-01-01

The study has been conducted on a period of ten years and it included 1570 children with congenital abnormalities (CA), of which 371 (24%) were cardiac abnormalities, 312 (20%) were skeletal abnormalities, 55 (3%) were Down Syndrome and 832 (53%) were other pathologies. 48% of the 371 children that were diagnosed with cardiac CA were males, while 52% were females; 52% of the children were from the city, while 48% were from the country-side; 42% of the children have been born prematurely, while 58% of them have been born at normal term. 38% of the children had an APGAR score lower than 7 and 62% of them had an APGAR score higher than 7. Of the total number of births, 72% were caesarian births and 28% were natural births. The different types of Cardiac CA that have been encountered in the study were atrioventricular canal (56%), transposition of the great vessels (18%), common arterial trunk (10%), atrial septal defect (8%), ventricular septal defect (5%) and tetralogy of Fallot (3%). 66% of the total number of deaths were represented by those with cardiac pathology, 21% were caused by hydrocephalus, 7% were caused by diaphragmatic hernia, 4% had renal CA, while 2% were caused by other pathologies.

The Application of a Homologous Recombination Assay Revealed Amino Acid Residues in an LTR-Retrotransposon That Were Critical for Integration

PubMed Central

Atwood, Angela; Choi, Jeannie; Levin, Henry L.

1998-01-01

Retroviruses and their relatives, the LTR-retrotransposons, possess an integrase protein (IN) that is required for the insertion of reverse transcripts into the genome of host cells. Schizosaccharomyces pombe is the host of Tf1, an LTR-retrotransposon with integration activity that can be studied by using techniques of yeast genetics. In this study, we sought to identify amino acid substitutions in Tf1 that specifically affected the integration step of transposition. In addition to seeking amino acid substitutions in IN, we also explored the possibility that other Tf1 proteins contributed to integration. By comparing the results of genetic assays that monitored both transposition and reverse transcription, we were able to seek point mutations throughout Tf1 that blocked transposition but not the synthesis of reverse transcripts. These mutant versions of Tf1 were candidates of elements that possessed defects in the integration step of transposition. Five mutations in Tf1 that resulted in low levels of integration were found to be located in the IN protein: two substitutions in the N-terminal Zn domain, two in the catalytic core, and one in the C-terminal domain. These results suggested that each of the three IN domains was required for Tf1 transposition. The potential role of these five amino acid residues in the function of IN is discussed. Two of the mutations that reduced integration mapped to the RNase H (RH) domain of Tf1 reverse transcriptase. The Tf1 elements with the RH mutations produced high levels of reverse transcripts, as determined by recombination and DNA blot analysis. These results indicated that the RH of Tf1 possesses a function critical for transposition that is independent of the accumulation of reverse transcripts. PMID:9445033

Transposition Complex with Aortic Arch Obstruction: Outcomes of One-Stage Repair Over 10 Years.

PubMed

Choi, Kwang Ho; Sung, Si Chan; Kim, Hyungtae; Lee, Hyung Doo; Ban, Gil Ho; Kim, Geena; Kim, Hee Young

2016-01-01

The surgical management of transposition complex with aortic arch obstruction remains technically demanding due to anatomic complexity. Even in the recent surgical era, there are centers that address this anomaly with a staged strategy. This report presents our experiences with a one-stage repair of transposition complexes with aortic arch obstructions more than the last 10 years. Since 2003, 19 patients with a transposition of the great arteries (TGA, 2 patients) or a double outlet of the right ventricle (DORV, 17 patients) and aortic arch obstruction have undergone one-stage repair of their anomalies. The mean age was 6.7 ± 2.3 days, and the mean body weight was 3.4 ± 0.3 kg. The 2 patients with TGA exhibited coarctation of the aorta. The 17 patients with DORV all exhibited the Taussig-Bing type. The great artery relationships were anteroposterior in 4 patients (21.1%). The coronary artery anatomies were usual (1LCx; 2R) in 8 patients (42.1%). There were 2 early deaths (10.5%). Seven patients (36.8%) required percutaneous interventions. One patient required re-operation for pulmonary valvar stenosis and left pulmonary artery patch angioplasty. The overall survival was 84.2%. The freedom from mortality was 83.5% at 5 years, and the freedom from intervention was 54.4% at 5 years. The one-stage repair of transposition complexes with aortic arch obstructions resulted in an acceptable survival rate and a relatively high incidence of postoperative catheter interventions. Postoperative catheter interventions are highly effective. Transposition complexes combined with aortic arch obstructions can be managed by one-stage repair with good early and midterm results.

Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm following pulmonary artery banding.

PubMed

Kumar, R V; Roughneen, P T; de Leval, M R

1994-01-01

A neonate with situs inversus, transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, criss-cross ventricles and hypoplastic right ventricle underwent pulmonary artery banding at the age of 7 days. The course was complicated by septicaemia and subsequently the development of an aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Serratia marcessans was grown from the band site. The pulmonary artery aneurysm was resected and the pulmonary artery was repaired. The literature is reviewed with the emphasis on diagnosis, natural history and surgical management.

Extemporaneous transposition flap for closing two contiguous surgical excision.

PubMed

Boggio, Paolo; Veronese, Federica; Miglino, Benedetta; Graziola, Francesca; Tiberio, Rossana; Colombo, Enrico

2018-08-01

The authors present a surgical procedure to remove two contiguous cutaneous lesions using a single transposition flap and suture line without an evident scar. This method is useful when rhomboid surgical exeresis could not represent the best choice to obtain an optimum aesthetic result.

Curricular Transposition in Citizenship Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCowan, Tristan

2008-01-01

The considerable debate in recent years on the aims of citizenship education has not been accompanied by an equally substantial discussion on the educational processes involved. This article puts forward a theoretical framework, referred to as "curricular transposition", for understanding the complex task of realizing normative ideals of…

A Genome-Wide Survey of Genetic Instability by Transposition in Drosophila Hybrids

PubMed Central

Vela, Doris; Fontdevila, Antonio; Vieira, Cristina; García Guerreiro, María Pilar

2014-01-01

Hybridization between species is a genomic instability factor involved in increasing mutation rate and new chromosomal rearrangements. Evidence of a relationship between interspecific hybridization and transposable element mobilization has been reported in different organisms, but most studies are usually performed with particular TEs and do not discuss the real effect of hybridization on the whole genome. We have therefore studied whole genome instability of Drosophila interspecific hybrids, looking for the presence of new AFLP markers in hybrids. A high percentage (27–90%) of the instability markers detected corresponds to TEs belonging to classes I and II. Moreover, three transposable elements (Osvaldo, Helena and Galileo) representative of different families, showed an overall increase of transposition rate in hybrids compared to parental species. This research confirms the hypothesis that hybridization induces genomic instability by transposition bursts and suggests that genomic stress by transposition could contribute to a relaxation of mechanisms controlling TEs in the Drosophila genome. PMID:24586475

Target Capture during Mos1 Transposition*

PubMed Central

Pflieger, Aude; Jaillet, Jerôme; Petit, Agnès; Augé-Gouillou, Corinne; Renault, Sylvaine

2014-01-01

DNA transposition contributes to genomic plasticity. Target capture is a key step in the transposition process, because it contributes to the selection of new insertion sites. Nothing or little is known about how eukaryotic mariner DNA transposons trigger this step. In the case of Mos1, biochemistry and crystallography have deciphered several inverted terminal repeat-transposase complexes that are intermediates during transposition. However, the target capture complex is still unknown. Here, we show that the preintegration complex (i.e., the excised transposon) is the only complex able to capture a target DNA. Mos1 transposase does not support target commitment, which has been proposed to explain Mos1 random genomic integrations within host genomes. We demonstrate that the TA dinucleotide used as the target is crucial both to target recognition and in the chemistry of the strand transfer reaction. Bent DNA molecules are better targets for the capture when the target DNA is nicked two nucleotides apart from the TA. They improve strand transfer when the target DNA contains a mismatch near the TA dinucleotide. PMID:24269942

Target capture during Mos1 transposition.

PubMed

Pflieger, Aude; Jaillet, Jerôme; Petit, Agnès; Augé-Gouillou, Corinne; Renault, Sylvaine

2014-01-03

DNA transposition contributes to genomic plasticity. Target capture is a key step in the transposition process, because it contributes to the selection of new insertion sites. Nothing or little is known about how eukaryotic mariner DNA transposons trigger this step. In the case of Mos1, biochemistry and crystallography have deciphered several inverted terminal repeat-transposase complexes that are intermediates during transposition. However, the target capture complex is still unknown. Here, we show that the preintegration complex (i.e., the excised transposon) is the only complex able to capture a target DNA. Mos1 transposase does not support target commitment, which has been proposed to explain Mos1 random genomic integrations within host genomes. We demonstrate that the TA dinucleotide used as the target is crucial both to target recognition and in the chemistry of the strand transfer reaction. Bent DNA molecules are better targets for the capture when the target DNA is nicked two nucleotides apart from the TA. They improve strand transfer when the target DNA contains a mismatch near the TA dinucleotide.

Surrogate pregnancy in a patient who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral transposition of ovaries.

PubMed

Azem, Foad; Yovel, Israel; Wagman, Israel; Kapostiansky, Rita; Lessing, Joseph B; Amit, Ami

2003-05-01

To evaluate IVF-surrogate pregnancy in a patient with ovarian transposition after radical hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix. Case report. A maternity hospital in Tel Aviv that is a major tertiary care and referral center. A 29-year-old woman who underwent Wertheim's hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix and ovarian transposition before total pelvic irradiation. Standard IVF treatment, transabdominal oocyte retrieval, and transfer to surrogate mother. Outcome of IVF cycle. A twin pregnancy in the first cycle. This is the second reported case of controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval performed on a transposed ovary.

[Preliminary evaluation on seroma prevention and treatment with transposition of tissue flaps and arista hemostatic powder].

PubMed

Zhang, Ruming; Tan, Yiwen; Wang, Heqi

2006-12-01

To investigate and evaluate prevention and treatment of seroma by transposition of tissue flaps and Arista hemostatic powder after regional lymph node resection in patients with malignant tumors. Twelve patients (6 males, 6 females; aged 31-81 years, with metastatic tumors underwent prevention and treatment of seroma with the tissue flaps and Arista hemostatic powder spray after regional lymph node resection. The metastatic tumors involved the axilla in 1 patient with breast carcinoma, the iliac and inguinal regions in 2 patients with carcinomas of the uterine cervix and the rectum, and the inguinal region in 9 patients, including 4 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma(3 in the thigh, 1 in the leg), 2 patients with squamous carcinomas in the leg, 1 patient with synovial sarcoma in the knee, 1 patient with epithelioid sarcoma in the leg, and 1 patient with malignant melanoma in the foot. As for the lymph node removal therapy. 1 patient underwent axillary lymph node removal, 2 patients underwent lymph node removal in theiliac and inguinal regions, and 9 patients underwent lymph node removal in the inguinal region. Meanwhile, of the 12 patients, 6 patients underwent transposition of sartorius flaps with Arista hemostatic powder, 3 patients underwent transposition of the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps (including 2 patients treated with Arista spray befor the wound closure and 1 patient treated by transposition of local skin flaps with Arista spray used again),and 3 patients underwent only the suturing of the wounds combined with Arista. At the same time, of the 12 patients,only 4 patient underwent the transplantation of artificial blood vessels. The follow-up for 2-10 months after operation revealed that 10 patients, who had received the transposition of tissue flaps and the spray of Arista hemostatic powder, had the first intention of the incision heal with seroma cured. Nine patients were given a preventive use of Arista hemostatic powder and therefore no seroma developed. The combined use of the transposition of tissue flaps and Arista hemostatic powder spray achieved a success rate of 100% in the prevention or treatment of seroma. However, 1 patient developed microcirculation disturbance 24 hours after operation and underwent disarticulation of the hip; 1 patient developed pelvic cavity hydrops and died 10 months after operation. The combined use of transposition of tissue flaps and Arista hemostatic powder spray can effectively prevent or treat seroma after regional lymph node removal in a patient with malignant tumor.

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization and Transposition for Dental Implant Placement. Part I: a Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques

PubMed Central

Juodzbalys, Gintaras

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this first part of a two-part series was to review the literature concerning the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages and surgical techniques of the lateralization and transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve, followed by the placement of an implant in an edentulous atrophic posterior mandible. Material and Methods A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed and PMC database, academic sites and books. The articles were searched from January 1997 to July 2014 and comprised English-language articles that included adult patients between 18 and 80 years old with minimal residual bone above the mandibular canal who had undergone inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repositioning with a minimum 6 months of follow-up. Results A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Nine were related to IAN transposition, 4 to IAN lateralization and 3 to both transposition and lateralization. Implant treatment results and complications were presented. Conclusions Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and transposition in combination with the installation of dental implants is sometimes the only possible procedure to help patients to obtain a fixed prosthesis, in edentulous atrophic posterior mandibles. With careful pre-operative surgical and prosthetic planning, imaging, and extremely precise surgical technique, this procedure can be successfully used for implant placement in edentulous posterior mandibular segments. PMID:25937873

Generation of Tandem Direct Duplications by Reversed-Ends Transposition of Maize Ac Elements

PubMed Central

Peterson, Thomas

2013-01-01

Tandem direct duplications are a common feature of the genomes of eukaryotes ranging from yeast to human, where they comprise a significant fraction of copy number variations. The prevailing model for the formation of tandem direct duplications is non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Here we report the isolation of a series of duplications and reciprocal deletions isolated de novo from a maize allele containing two Class II Ac/Ds transposons. The duplication/deletion structures suggest that they were generated by alternative transposition reactions involving the termini of two nearby transposable elements. The deletion/duplication breakpoint junctions contain 8 bp target site duplications characteristic of Ac/Ds transposition events, confirming their formation directly by an alternative transposition mechanism. Tandem direct duplications and reciprocal deletions were generated at a relatively high frequency (∼0.5 to 1%) in the materials examined here in which transposons are positioned nearby each other in appropriate orientation; frequencies would likely be much lower in other genotypes. To test whether this mechanism may have contributed to maize genome evolution, we analyzed sequences flanking Ac/Ds and other hAT family transposons and identified three small tandem direct duplications with the structural features predicted by the alternative transposition mechanism. Together these results show that some class II transposons are capable of directly inducing tandem sequence duplications, and that this activity has contributed to the evolution of the maize genome. PMID:23966872

Mu-driven transposition of recombinant mini-Mu unit DNA in the Corynebacterium glutamicum chromosome.

PubMed

Gorshkova, Natalya V; Lobanova, Juliya S; Tokmakova, Irina L; Smirnov, Sergey V; Akhverdyan, Valerii Z; Krylov, Alexander A; Mashko, Sergey V

2018-03-01

A dual-component Mu-transposition system was modified for the integration/amplification of genes in Corynebacterium. The system consists of two types of plasmids: (i) a non-replicative integrative plasmid that contains the transposing mini-Mu(LR) unit bracketed by the L/R Mu ends or the mini-Mu(LER) unit, which additionally contains the enhancer element, E, and (ii) an integration helper plasmid that expresses the transposition factor genes for MuA and MuB. Efficient transposition in the C. glutamicum chromosome (≈ 2 × 10 -4 per cell) occurred mainly through the replicative pathway via cointegrate formation followed by possible resolution. Optimizing the E location in the mini-Mu unit significantly increased the efficiency of Mu-driven intramolecular transposition-amplification in C. glutamicum as well as in gram-negative bacteria. The new C. glutamicum genome modification strategy that was developed allows the consequent independent integration/amplification/fixation of target genes at high copy numbers. After integration/amplification of the first mini-Mu(LER) unit in the C. glutamicum chromosome, the E-element, which is bracketed by lox-like sites, is excised by Cre-mediated fashion, thereby fixing the truncated mini-Mu(LR) unit in its position for the subsequent integration/amplification of new mini-Mu(LER) units. This strategy was demonstrated using the genes for the citrine and green fluorescent proteins, yECitrine and yEGFP, respectively.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Neonatal Arterial Switch Surgery for Correction of Transposition of the Great Arteries.

PubMed

Domínguez Manzano, Paula; Mendoza Soto, Alberto; Román Barba, Violeta; Moreno Galdó, Antonio; Galindo Izquierdo, Alberto

2016-09-01

There are few reports of the appearance of pulmonary arterial hypertension following arterial switch surgery in the neonatal period to correct transposition of the great arteries. We assessed the frequency and clinical pattern of this complication in our series of patients. Our database was reviewed to select patients with transposition of the great arteries corrected by neonatal arterial switch at our hospital and who developed pulmonary hypertension over time. We identified 2 (1.3%) patients with transposition of the great arteries successfully repaired in the first week of life who later experienced pulmonary arterial hypertension. The first patient was a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with severe pulmonary hypertension at age 8 months who did not respond to medical treatment and required lung transplantation. The anatomic pathology findings were consistent with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. The second patient was a 24-month-old boy diagnosed with severe pulmonary hypertension at age 13 months who did not respond to medical therapy. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare but very severe complication that should be investigated in all patients with transposition of the great arteries who have undergone neonatal arterial switch, in order to start early aggressive therapy for affected patients, given the poor therapeutic response and poor prognosis involved. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Implementation of Super-Encryption with Trithemius Algorithm and Double Transposition Cipher in Securing PDF Files on Android Platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Budiman, M. A.; Rachmawati, D.; Jessica

2018-03-01

This study aims to combine the trithemus algorithm and double transposition cipher in file security that will be implemented to be an Android-based application. The parameters being examined are the real running time, and the complexity value. The type of file to be used is a file in PDF format. The overall result shows that the complexity of the two algorithms with duper encryption method is reported as Θ (n 2). However, the processing time required in the encryption process uses the Trithemius algorithm much faster than using the Double Transposition Cipher. With the length of plaintext and password linearly proportional to the processing time.

Diversity of P-element piRNA production among M' and Q strains and its association with P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Wakisaka, Keiko Tsuji; Ichiyanagi, Kenji; Ohno, Seiko; Itoh, Masanobu

2017-01-01

Transposition of P elements in the genome causes P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster . For the P strain, the P-M phenotypes are associated with the ability to express a class of small RNAs, called piwi-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs), that suppress the P elements in female gonads. However, little is known about the extent to which piRNAs are involved in the P-M hybrid dysgenesis in M' and Q strains, which show different abilities to regulate the P elements from P strains. To elucidate the molecular basis of the suppression of paternally inherited P elements, we analyzed the mRNA and piRNA levels of P elements in the F1 progeny between males of a P strain and nine-line females of M' or Q strains (M' or Q progenies). M' progenies showed the hybrid dysgenesis phenotype, while Q progenies did not. Consistently, the levels of P -element mRNA in both the ovaries and F1 embryos were higher in M' progenies than in Q progenies, indicating that the M' progenies have a weaker ability to suppress P -element expression. The level of P -element mRNA was inversely correlated to the level of piRNAs in F1 embryos. Importantly, the M' progenies were characterized by a lower abundance of P -element piRNAs in both young ovaries and F1 embryonic bodies. The Q progenies showed various levels of piRNAs in both young ovaries and F1 embryonic bodies despite all of the Q progenies suppressing P -element transposition in their gonad. Our results are consistent with an idea that the level of P -element piRNAs is a determinant for dividing strain types between M' and Q and that the suppression mechanisms of transposable elements, including piRNAs, are varied between natural populations.

Expression of the Retrotransposon Helena Reveals a Complex Pattern of TE Deregulation in Drosophila Hybrids

PubMed Central

Romero-Soriano, Valèria; Garcia Guerreiro, Maria Pilar

2016-01-01

Transposable elements (TEs), repeated mobile sequences, are ubiquitous in the eukaryotic kingdom. Their mobilizing capacity confers on them a high mutagenic potential, which must be strongly regulated to guarantee genome stability. In the Drosophila germline, a small RNA-mediated silencing system, the piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) pathway, is the main responsible TE regulating mechanism, but some stressful conditions can destabilize it. For instance, during interspecific hybridization, genomic stress caused by the shock of two different genomes can lead, in both animals and plants, to higher transposition rates. A recent study in D. buzatii—D. koepferae hybrids detected mobilization of 28 TEs, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms explaining this transposition release. We have characterized one of the mobilized TEs, the retrotransposon Helena, and used quantitative expression to assess whether its high transposition rates in hybrids are preceded by increased expression. We have also localized Helena expression in the gonads to see if cellular expression patterns have changed in the hybrids. To give more insight into changes in TE regulation in hybrids, we analysed Helena-specific piRNA populations of hybrids and parental species. Helena expression is not globally altered in somatic tissues, but male and female gonads have different patterns of deregulation. In testes, Helena is repressed in F1, increasing then its expression up to parental values. This is linked with a mislocation of Helena transcripts along with an increase of their specific piRNA levels. Ovaries have additive levels of Helena expression, but the ping-pong cycle efficiency seems to be reduced in F1 hybrids. This could be at the origin of new Helena insertions in hybrids, which would be transmitted to F1 hybrid female progeny. PMID:26812285

The Parity Theorem Shuffle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Michael D.

2016-01-01

The Parity Theorem states that any permutation can be written as a product of transpositions, but no permutation can be written as a product of both an even number and an odd number of transpositions. Most proofs of the Parity Theorem take several pages of mathematical formalism to complete. This article presents an alternative but equivalent…

Loss-of-function of a ubiquitin-related modifier promotes the mobilization of the active MITE mPing.

PubMed

Tsukiyama, Takuji; Teramoto, Shota; Yasuda, Kanako; Horibata, Akira; Mori, Nanako; Okumoto, Yutaka; Teraishi, Masayoshi; Saito, Hiroki; Onishi, Akiko; Tamura, Kanako; Tanisaka, Takatoshi

2013-05-01

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are widespread in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, where their copy numbers can attain several thousands. Little is known, however, about the genetic factor(s) affecting their transpositions. Here, we show that disruption of a gene encoding ubiquitin-like protein markedly enhances the transposition activity of a MITE mPing in intact rice plants without any exogenous stresses. We found that the transposition activity of mPing is far higher in the lines harboring a non-functional allele at the Rurm1 (Rice ubiquitin-related modifier-1) locus than in the wild-type line. Although the alteration of cytosine methylation pattern triggers the activation of transposable elements under exogenous stress conditions, the methylation degrees in the whole genome, the mPing-body region, and the mPing-flanking regions of the non-functional Rurm1 line were unchanged. This study provides experimental evidence for one of the models of genome shock theory that genetic accidents within cells enhance the transposition activities of transposable elements.

Character Decomposition and Transposition Processes of Chinese Compound Words in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation.

PubMed

Cao, Hong-Wen; Yang, Ke-Yu; Yan, Hong-Mei

2017-01-01

Character order information is encoded at the initial stage of Chinese word processing, however, its time course remains underspecified. In this study, we assess the exact time course of the character decomposition and transposition processes of two-character Chinese compound words (canonical, transposed, or reversible words) compared with pseudowords using dual-target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of stimuli appearing at 30 ms per character with no inter-stimulus interval. The results indicate that Chinese readers can identify words with character transpositions in rapid succession; however, a transposition cost is involved in identifying transposed words compared to canonical words. In RSVP reading, character order of words is more likely to be reversed during the period from 30 to 180 ms for canonical and reversible words, but the period from 30 to 240 ms for transposed words. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the holistic representation of the base word is activated, however, the order of the two constituent characters is not strictly processed during the very early stage of visual word processing.

Interspecific hybridization as a genomic stressor inducing mobilization of transposable elements in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Guerreiro, Maria Pilar García

2014-01-01

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences able to be mobilized in host genomes. They are currently recognized as the major mutation inducers because of their insertion in the target, their effect on neighboring regions, or their ectopic recombination. A large number of factors including chemical and physical factors as well as intraspecific crosses have traditionally been identified as inducers of transposition. Besides environmental factors, interspecific crosses have also been proposed as promoters of transposition of particular TEs in plants and different animals. Our previous published work includes a genome-wide survey with the set of genomic TEs and shows that interspecific hybridization between the species Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae induces genomic instability by transposition bursts. A high percentage of this instability corresponds to TEs belonging to classes I and II. The detailed study of three TEs (Osvaldo, Helena, and Galileo), representative of the different TE families, shows an increase of transposition in hybrids compared with parental species, that varies depending on the element. This study suggests ample variation in TE regulation mechanisms and the question is why this variation occurs. Interspecific hybridization is a genomic stressor that disrupts the stability of TEs probably contributing to a relaxation of the mechanisms controlling TEs in the Drosophila genome. In this commentary paper we will discuss these results and the molecular mechanisms that could explain these increases of transposition rates observed in interspecific Drosophila hybrids. PMID:25136509

Insertion Sequences

PubMed Central

Mahillon, Jacques; Chandler, Michael

1998-01-01

Insertion sequences (ISs) constitute an important component of most bacterial genomes. Over 500 individual ISs have been described in the literature to date, and many more are being discovered in the ongoing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome-sequencing projects. The last 10 years have also seen some striking advances in our understanding of the transposition process itself. Not least of these has been the development of various in vitro transposition systems for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic elements and, for several of these, a detailed understanding of the transposition process at the chemical level. This review presents a general overview of the organization and function of insertion sequences of eubacterial, archaebacterial, and eukaryotic origins with particular emphasis on bacterial elements and on different aspects of the transposition mechanism. It also attempts to provide a framework for classification of these elements by assigning them to various families or groups. A total of 443 members of the collection have been grouped in 17 families based on combinations of the following criteria: (i) similarities in genetic organization (arrangement of open reading frames); (ii) marked identities or similarities in the enzymes which mediate the transposition reactions, the recombinases/transposases (Tpases); (iii) similar features of their ends (terminal IRs); and (iv) fate of the nucleotide sequence of their target sites (generation of a direct target duplication of determined length). A brief description of the mechanism(s) involved in the mobility of individual ISs in each family and of the structure-function relationships of the individual Tpases is included where available. PMID:9729608

Excision of Sleeping Beauty transposons: parameters and applications to gene therapy

PubMed Central

Liu, Geyi; Aronovich, Elena L.; Cui, Zongbin; Whitley, Chester B.; Hackett, Perry B.

2007-01-01

A major problem in gene therapy is the determination of the rates at which gene transfer has occurred. Our work has focused on applications of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system as a non-viral vector for gene therapy. Excision of a transposon from a donor molecule and its integration into a cellular chromosome are catalyzed by SB transposase. In this study, we used a plasmid-based excision assay to study the excision step of transposition. We used the excision assay to evaluate the importance of various sequences that border the sites of excision inside and outside the transposon in order to determine the most active sequences for transposition from a donor plasmid. These findings together with our previous results in transposase binding to the terminal repeats suggest that the sequences in the transposon-junction of SB are involved in steps subsequent to DNA binding but before excision, and that they may have a role in transposase–transposon interaction. We found that SB transposons leave characteristically different footprints at excision sites in different cell types, suggesting that alternative repair machineries operate in concert with transposition. Most importantly, we found that the rates of excision correlate with the rates of transposition. We used this finding to assess transposition in livers of mice that were injected with the SB transposon and transposase. The excision assay appears to be a relatively quick and easy method to optimize protocols for delivery of genes in SB transposons to mammalian chromosomes in living animals. PMID:15133768

Ovarian preservation with subcutaneous transposition in the setting of cytoreductive surgery

PubMed Central

Tan, Winson Jianhong; Jung, JingJin; Chia, Claramae Shulyn; Teo, Melissa Ching Ching; Toh, Han Chong; Soo, Khee Chee

2013-01-01

INTRODUCTION In recent years, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has gained increasing acceptance as a treatment modality for peritoneal carcinomatosis. In female patients, this procedure involves a total hysterectomy and bilateral saphingo-oophorectomy to remove the pelvic peritoneum. We present a case of an unfortunate female adolescent with peritoneal carcinomatosis who underwent cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC. In view of the compelling circumstance, an innovative surgical technique was used to attempt ovarian preservation. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 14 year old girl with carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and peritoneal metastases was offered cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. In view of her age, ovarian preservation with subcutaneous transposition was performed during cytoreductive surgery. She is currently well 6 months post surgery and has resumed normal menstruation. We review the literature regarding ovarian preservation with subcutaneous transposition and discuss its benefit in pre-menopausal women undergoing peritonectomy and cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis. DISCUSSION Subcutaneous transposition of the ovary in pre-menopasual patients requiring cytoreductive surgery spares them the sequelae of surgical castration. The subcutaneous location of the transposed ovary conveys advantages such as the ease of ultrasound surveillance and removal in event of disease recurrence. It also retains the possibility of future conception as the transposed ovary can easily be accessed for ovum extraction with assisted reproductive techniques. CONCLUSION Ovarian preservation with subcutaneous transposition is a technique worth considering in the treatment of pre-menopausal women who require cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis. PMID:23396395

Efficient transposition of the retrotransposon Tnt1 in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Tnt1 is a type of active DNA retrotransposon originally identified in tobacco. The transposition activity of TNT1 could be activated through tissue culture in other plant species. The insertions of TNT1 in the recipient genome are stable and inheritable in the progeny, which has made it a valuab...

An Evaluation of Frequency Transposition for Hearing-Impaired School-Age Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Jenny; Dann, Marilyn; Brown, P. Margaret

2009-01-01

A key objective when fitting hearing aids to children is to maximize the audibility of high frequency speech cues which are critical in the understanding of spoken English. Recent advances in digital signal processing have enabled the development of hearing aids which offer linear frequency transposition as a new way of accessing these important…

The (Homo)Morphism Concept: Didactic Transposition, Meta-Discourse and Thematisation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hausberger, Thomas

2017-01-01

This article focuses on the didactic transposition of the homomorphism concept and on the elaboration and evaluation of an activity dedicated to the teaching of this fundamental concept in Abstract Algebra. It does not restrict to Group Theory but on the contrary raises the issue of the teaching and learning of algebraic structuralism, thus…

Relational Learning in a Context of Transposition: A Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lazareva, Olga F.

2012-01-01

In a typical transposition task, an animal is presented with a single pair of stimuli (for example, S3+S4-, where plus and minus denote reward and nonreward and digits denote stimulus location on a sensory dimension such as size). Subsequently, an animal is presented with a testing pair that contains a previously reinforced or nonreinforced…

Endovascular management of recurrent stenosis following left renal vein transposition for the treatment of Nutcracker syndrome.

PubMed

Baril, Donald T; Polanco, Patricio; Makaroun, Michel S; Chaer, Rabih A

2011-04-01

Nutcracker syndrome is an entity resulting from left renal vein compression by the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, leading to symptoms of left flank pain and hematuria. Conventional treatment has been surgical, commonly through transposition of the left renal vein to a more caudal location on the inferior vena cava. Additionally, endovascular approaches, primarily via renal vein stenting, have been described for treatment of this syndrome. We report the case of a patient with Nutcracker syndrome who underwent successful left renal vein transposition but then developed recurrent symptoms 10 months postoperatively and was successfully treated with angioplasty and stenting. Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Successful surrogate pregnancy after ovarian transposition, pelvic irradiation and hysterectomy.

PubMed

Zinger, Michael; Liu, James H; Husseinzadeh, Nader; Thomas, Michael A

2004-07-01

Treatment of cervical cancer is often effective but at the cost of the woman's fertility. Ovarian transposition with subsequent oocyte retrieval and surrogate pregnancy can enable these patients to become genetic parents. We present the third reported such case. A 22-year-old woman was diagnosed with bulky, stage IB cervical cancer. Following transposition of both ovaries to the upper abdomen, she underwent pelvic irradiation followed by total abdominal hysterectomy. Eleven years later she presented for assisted reproduction. Two oocytes were retrieved following ovarian stimulation and transcutaneous, abdominal oocyte retrieval. One embryo was transferred to the gestational surrogate, resulting in a single intrauterine pregnancy and successful delivery at term. These procedures can preservefertility while successfully treating cervical cancer.

Association between the location of transposed ovary and ovarian function in patients with uterine cervical cancer treated with (postoperative or primary) pelvic radiotherapy.

PubMed

Hwang, Jong Ha; Yoo, Heon Jong; Park, Sae Hyun; Lim, Myong Cheol; Seo, Sang-Soo; Kang, Sokbom; Kim, Joo-Young; Park, Sang-Yoon

2012-06-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of ovarian transposition procedures in preserving ovarian function in relation to the location of the transposed ovaries in patients who underwent surgery with or without pelvic radiotherapy. Retrospective. Uterine cancer center. A total of 53 patients with cervical cancer who underwent ovarian transposition between November 2002 and November 2010. Ovarian transposition to the paracolic gutters with or without radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection. Preservation of ovarian function, which was assessed by patient's symptoms and serum FSH level. Lateral ovarian transposition was performed in 53 patients. Based on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, optimum cutoff value of location more than 1.5 cm above the iliac crest was significantly associated with preservation of ovarian function after treatment (area under receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.757, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.572-0.943). In univariate analysis, higher location of transposed ovary more than 1.5 cm from the iliac crest was the only independent factor for intact ovarian function (odds ratio 9.91, 95% CI: 1.75-56.3). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the location of transposed ovary (odds ratio 11.72, 95% CI 1.64-83.39) was the most important factor for intact ovarian function. Location of transposed ovary higher than 1.5 cm above the iliac crest is recommended to avoid ovarian failure after lateral ovarian transposition after primary or adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy in cervical cancer. Copyright © 2012 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Auditory Proprioceptive Integration: Effects of Real-Time Kinematic Auditory Feedback on Knee Proprioception

PubMed Central

Ghai, Shashank; Schmitz, Gerd; Hwang, Tong-Hun; Effenberg, Alfred O.

2018-01-01

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of real-time auditory feedback on knee proprioception. Thirty healthy participants were randomly allocated to control (n = 15), and experimental group I (15). The participants performed an active knee-repositioning task using their dominant leg, with/without additional real-time auditory feedback where the frequency was mapped in a convergent manner to two different target angles (40 and 75°). Statistical analysis revealed significant enhancement in knee re-positioning accuracy for the constant and absolute error with real-time auditory feedback, within and across the groups. Besides this convergent condition, we established a second divergent condition. Here, a step-wise transposition of frequency was performed to explore whether a systematic tuning between auditory-proprioceptive repositioning exists. No significant effects were identified in this divergent auditory feedback condition. An additional experimental group II (n = 20) was further included. Here, we investigated the influence of a larger magnitude and directional change of step-wise transposition of the frequency. In a first step, results confirm the findings of experiment I. Moreover, significant effects on knee auditory-proprioception repositioning were evident when divergent auditory feedback was applied. During the step-wise transposition participants showed systematic modulation of knee movements in the opposite direction of transposition. We confirm that knee re-positioning accuracy can be enhanced with concurrent application of real-time auditory feedback and that knee re-positioning can modulated in a goal-directed manner with step-wise transposition of frequency. Clinical implications are discussed with respect to joint position sense in rehabilitation settings. PMID:29568259

Tilt to horizontal global solar irradiance conversion: application to PV systems data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Housmans, Caroline; Leloux, Jonathan; Bertrand, Cédric

2017-04-01

Many transposition models have been proposed in the literature to convert solar irradiance on the horizontal plane to that on a tilted plane requiring that at least two of the three solar components (i.e. global, direct and diffuse) are known. When only global irradiance measurements are available, the conversion from horizontal to tilted planes is still possible but in this case transposition models have to be coupled with decomposition models (i.e. models that predict the direct and diffuse components from the global one). Here, two different approaches have been considered to solve the reverse process, i.e. the conversion from tilted to horizontal: (i) one-sensor approach and (ii) multi-sensors approach. Because only one tilted plane is involved in the one-sensor approach, a decomposition model need to be coupled with a transposition model to solve the problem. By contrast, at least two tilted planes being considered in the multi-sensors approach, only a transposition model is required to perform the conversion. First, global solar irradiance measurements recorded on the roof of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium's radiation tower in Uccle were used to evaluate the performance of both approaches. Four pyranometers (one mounted in the horizontal plane and three on inclined surfaces with different tilts and orientations) were involved in the validation exercise. Second, the inverse transposition was applied to tilted global solar irradiance values retrieved from the energy production registered at residential PV systems located in the vicinity of Belgian radiometric stations operated by RMI (for validation purposes).

A Review of the Surgical Management of Perineal Hernias in Dogs.

PubMed

Gill, Sukhjit Singh; Barstad, Robert D

2018-05-14

Perineal hernia refers to the failure of the muscular pelvic diaphragm to support the rectal wall, resulting in herniation of pelvic and, occasionally, abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous perineal region. The proposed causes of pelvic diaphragm weakness include tenesmus associated with chronic prostatic disease or constipation, myopathy, rectal abnormalities, and gonadal hormonal imbalances. The most common presentation of perineal hernia in dogs is a unilateral or bilateral nonpainful swelling of the perineum. Clinical signs do occur, but not always. Clinical signs may include constipation, obstipation, dyschezia, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, stranguria, or anuria. The definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia is based on clinical signs and findings of weak pelvic diaphragm musculature during a digital rectal examination. In dogs, perineal hernias are mostly treated by surgical intervention. Appositional herniorrhaphy is sometimes difficult to perform as the levator ani and coccygeus muscles are atrophied and unsuitable for use. Internal obturator muscle transposition is the most commonly used technique. Additional techniques include superficial gluteal and semitendinosus muscle transposition, in addition to the use of synthetic implants and biomaterials. Pexy techniques may be used to prevent rectal prolapse and bladder and prostate gland displacement. Postoperative care involves analgesics, antibiotics, a low-residue diet, and stool softeners.

A Didactic Sequence of Elementary Geometric Optics Informed by History and Philosophy of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maurício, Paulo; Valente, Bianor; Chagas, Isabel

2017-01-01

The concepts and instruments required for the teaching and learning of geometric optics are introduced in the didactic process without a proper didactic transposition. This claim is secured by the ample evidence of both wide- and deep-rooted alternative concepts on the topic. Didactic transposition is a theory that comes from a reflection on the…

Debating trans inclusion in the feminist movement: a trans-positive analysis.

PubMed

Green, Eli R

2006-01-01

The debate over whether or not to allow, accept, and embrace transpeople as a segment of the feminist movement has been a tumultuous one that remains unresolved. Prominent authors have argued both sides of the dispute. This article analyzes the anti-inclusion feminist viewpoint and offers a trans-positive perspective for moving toward a potential resolution of the debate.

Vector modifications to eliminate transposase expression following piggyBac-mediated transgenesis

PubMed Central

Chakraborty, Syandan; Ji, HaYeun; Chen, Jack; Gersbach, Charles A.; Leong, Kam W.

2014-01-01

Transgene insertion plays an important role in gene therapy and in biological studies. Transposon-based systems that integrate transgenes by transposase-catalyzed “cut-and-paste” mechanism have emerged as an attractive system for transgenesis. Hyperactive piggyBac transposon is particularly promising due to its ability to integrate large transgenes with high efficiency. However, prolonged expression of transposase can become a potential source of genotoxic effects due to uncontrolled transposition of the integrated transgene from one chromosomal locus to another. In this study we propose a vector design to decrease post-transposition expression of transposase and to eliminate the cells that have residual transposase expression. We design a single plasmid construct that combines the transposase and the transpositioning transgene element to share a single polyA sequence for termination. Consequently, the separation of the transposase element from the polyA sequence after transposition leads to its deactivation. We also co-express Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) with the transposase. Therefore, cells having residual transposase expression can be eliminated by the administration of ganciclovir. We demonstrate the utility of this combination transposon system by integrating and expressing a model therapeutic gene, human coagulation Factor IX, in HEK293T cells. PMID:25492703

The Differential Use of Bilobed and Trilobed Transposition Flaps in Cutaneous Nasal Reconstructive Surgery.

PubMed

Knackstedt, Thomas; Lee, Kachiu; Jellinek, Nathaniel J

2018-05-22

Bilobed and trilobed transposition flaps are versatile random pattern transposition flaps which reliably restore nasal symmetry, topography, light reflex, contour and are frequently used in cutaneous nasal reconstructive surgery. We wish to compare the characteristics of bilobed and trilobed flaps in cutaneous reconstructive surgery and to identify scenarios for their differential use. A retrospective chart review over 7 years of consecutive patients reconstructed with a bilobed or trilobed flap after Mohs micrographic surgery was performed. Statistical analysis of patient and surgery characteristics, anatomic distribution, postprocedural events and need for revisions after both flap types was conducted. One hundred eleven patients with bilobed flaps and 74 patients with trilobed flaps were identified. Bilobed flaps are significantly more frequently used on the inferior nasal dorsum and on the sidewall whereas trilobed flaps are significantly more frequently used on the nasal tip and infratip. No significant difference in postprocedural events (complications, erythema, trapdoor, etc) was noted between the two flap types. Bilobed and trilobed transposition flaps are versatile repairs for nasal reconstruction. Trilobed flaps may be used to repair defects in a more distal nasal location than bilobed flaps. Regardless of flap type, complications are rare.

[Transposition of the cephalic vein in free flap breast reconstruction: Technical note].

PubMed

Silhol, T; Suffee, T; Hivelin, M; Lantieri, L

2018-02-01

Free flaps have become a reliable practice for breast reconstruction. However, the venous congestion is still the most frequent reason of flap failure. It is due to bad quality of the internal mammary veins, a preferential superficial venous outflow of the flap or due to venous thrombosis. The transposition of the cephalic vein could useful in some cases. We describe the surgical technique and suggest an intraoperative algorithm. Seventeen patients (15 DIEP and 2 PAP) were included. Twenty nine point four percent had an unusable internal mammary vein, 23.5% a preferential superficial venous outflow and 47.1% a venous thrombosis. The length of the cephalic vein dissected varied from 15 to 25cm. The mean time of dissection was 39min. There was no flap failure after cephalic vein transposition. The sequelae were one or two scars on the arm without any functional morbidity. The transposition of the cephalic vein is a reliable, less morbid alternative in case of bad quality internal mammary vein with a good quality internal mammary artery, in case of an additional venous outflow necessity or in case of venous thrombosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

MaRGEE: Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dordevic, Mladen M.; Whitmeyer, Steven J.

2015-12-01

Google Earth is recognized as a highly effective visualization tool for geospatial information. However, there remain serious limitations that have hindered its acceptance as a tool for research and education in the geosciences. One significant limitation is the inability to translate or rotate geometrical elements on the Google Earth virtual globe. Here we present a new JavaScript web application to "Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements" (MaRGEE). MaRGEE includes tools to simplify, translate, and rotate elements, add intermediate steps to a transposition, and batch process multiple transpositions. The transposition algorithm uses spherical geometry calculations, such as the haversine formula, to accurately reposition groups of points, paths, and polygons on the Google Earth globe without distortion. Due to the imminent deprecation of the Google Earth API and browser plugin, MaRGEE uses a Google Maps interface to facilitate and illustrate the transpositions. However, the inherent spatial distortions that result from the Google Maps Web Mercator projection are not apparent once the transposed elements are saved as a KML file and opened in Google Earth. Potential applications of the MaRGEE toolkit include tectonic reconstructions, the movements of glaciers or thrust sheets, and time-based animations of other large- and small-scale geologic processes.

The dorsal transposition flap for congenital contractures of the first web space: a 20-year experience.

PubMed

Friedman, R; Wood, V E

1997-07-01

Fifty-four dorsal transposition flaps were performed in 38 patients (46 hands) for severe congenital thumb web-space contractures. At an average follow-up interval of 6 years, complications or unsatisfactory results had occurred in 100% of symbrachydactyly patients and in 27% of all other patients. Postoperative first web-space angle was augmented an average of 59 degrees with a distal flap two-point discrimination of 8 mm. Mean postoperative pinch and grip strengths were 58% and 72%, respectively, of the normal contralateral hand. Parental satisfaction with the functional results was high, and the aesthetic results were generally acceptable. With the exception of symbrachydactyly patients, the dorsal transposition flap remains an excellent reconstructive option for severe congenital contractures of the thumb web space.

Inadvertent transposition of defibrillator coil terminal pins causing inappropriate ICD therapies.

PubMed

Issa, Ziad F

2008-06-01

We report the case of a 65-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and severe ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent implantation of a prophylactic single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The patient experienced inappropriate ICD therapies due to oversensing of pectoral muscle myopotential secondary to reversal of the defibrillator coil terminal pins in the ICD header. Recognizing this possibility is important to avoid misinterpretation of spontaneous oversensing as hardware failure (e.g., lead fracture or insulation breech) and potentially unnecessary ICD system surgical intervention, including lead extraction.

Gastric transposition in infants and children.

PubMed

Cowles, Robert A; Coran, Arnold G

2010-12-01

The loss of esophageal length in long-gap esophageal atresia or obliteration of the esophageal lumen due to stricture may require major operative reconstruction. A number of procedures have been developed to allow anatomic replacement of the esophagus. The gastric transposition requires a single cervical anastomosis and uses a gastric conduit with excellent blood supply. This review illustrates the procedure and discusses its indications, planning, and outcome.

Biological versus electronic adaptive coloration: how can one inform the other?

PubMed Central

Kreit, Eric; Mäthger, Lydia M.; Hanlon, Roger T.; Dennis, Patrick B.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Forsythe, Eric; Heikenfeld, Jason

2013-01-01

Adaptive reflective surfaces have been a challenge for both electronic paper (e-paper) and biological organisms. Multiple colours, contrast, polarization, reflectance, diffusivity and texture must all be controlled simultaneously without optical losses in order to fully replicate the appearance of natural surfaces and vividly communicate information. This review merges the frontiers of knowledge for both biological adaptive coloration, with a focus on cephalopods, and synthetic reflective e-paper within a consistent framework of scientific metrics. Currently, the highest performance approach for both nature and technology uses colourant transposition. Three outcomes are envisioned from this review: reflective display engineers may gain new insights from millions of years of natural selection and evolution; biologists will benefit from understanding the types of mechanisms, characterization and metrics used in synthetic reflective e-paper; all scientists will gain a clearer picture of the long-term prospects for capabilities such as adaptive concealment and signalling. PMID:23015522

Improving the accuracy of flood forecasting with transpositions of ensemble NWP rainfall fields considering orographic effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Wansik; Nakakita, Eiichi; Kim, Sunmin; Yamaguchi, Kosei

2016-08-01

The use of meteorological ensembles to produce sets of hydrological predictions increased the capability to issue flood warnings. However, space scale of the hydrological domain is still much finer than meteorological model, and NWP models have challenges with displacement. The main objective of this study to enhance the transposition method proposed in Yu et al. (2014) and to suggest the post-processing ensemble flood forecasting method for the real-time updating and the accuracy improvement of flood forecasts that considers the separation of the orographic rainfall and the correction of misplaced rain distributions using additional ensemble information through the transposition of rain distributions. In the first step of the proposed method, ensemble forecast rainfalls from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model are separated into orographic and non-orographic rainfall fields using atmospheric variables and the extraction of topographic effect. Then the non-orographic rainfall fields are examined by the transposition scheme to produce additional ensemble information and new ensemble NWP rainfall fields are calculated by recombining the transposition results of non-orographic rain fields with separated orographic rainfall fields for a generation of place-corrected ensemble information. Then, the additional ensemble information is applied into a hydrologic model for post-flood forecasting with a 6-h interval. The newly proposed method has a clear advantage to improve the accuracy of mean value of ensemble flood forecasting. Our study is carried out and verified using the largest flood event by typhoon 'Talas' of 2011 over the two catchments, which are Futatsuno (356.1 km2) and Nanairo (182.1 km2) dam catchments of Shingu river basin (2360 km2), which is located in the Kii peninsula, Japan.

Comparison of hemihypoglossal nerve versus masseteric nerve transpositions in the rehabilitation of short-term facial paralysis using the Facial Clima evaluating system.

PubMed

Hontanilla, Bernardo; Marré, Diego

2012-11-01

Masseteric and hypoglossal nerve transfers are reliable alternatives for reanimating short-term facial paralysis. To date, few studies exist in the literature comparing these techniques. This work presents a quantitative comparison of masseter-facial transposition versus hemihypoglossal facial transposition with a nerve graft using the Facial Clima system. Forty-six patients with complete unilateral facial paralysis underwent reanimation with either hemihypoglossal transposition with a nerve graft (group I, n = 25) or direct masseteric-facial coaptation (group II, n = 21). Commissural displacement and commissural contraction velocity were measured using the Facial Clima system. Postoperative intragroup commissural displacement and commissural contraction velocity means of the reanimated versus the normal side were first compared using a paired sample t test. Then, mean percentages of recovery of both parameters were compared between the groups using an independent sample t test. Onset of movement was also compared between the groups. Significant differences of mean commissural displacement and commissural contraction velocity between the reanimated side and the normal side were observed in group I but not in group II. Mean percentage of recovery of both parameters did not differ between the groups. Patients in group II showed a significantly faster onset of movement compared with those in group I (62 ± 4.6 days versus 136 ± 7.4 days, p = 0.013). Reanimation of short-term facial paralysis can be satisfactorily addressed by means of either hemihypoglossal transposition with a nerve graft or direct masseteric-facial coaptation. However, with the latter, better symmetry and a faster onset of movement are observed. In addition, masseteric nerve transfer avoids morbidity from nerve graft harvesting. Therapeutic, III.

Transposition of Francis turbine cavitation compliance at partial load to different operating conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomes, J.; Favrel, A.; Landry, C.; Nicolet, C.; Avellan, F.

2017-04-01

Francis turbines operating in part load conditions experience a swirling flow at the runner outlet leading to the development of a precessing cavitation vortex rope in the draft tube. This cavitation vortex rope changes drastically the velocity of pressure waves traveling in the draft tube and may lead to resonance conditions in the hydraulic circuit. The wave speed being strongly related to the cavitation compliance, this research work presents a simple model to explain how it is affected by variations of operating conditions and proposes a method to transpose its values. Even though the focus of this paper is on transpositions within the same turbine scale, the methodology is also expected to be tested for the model to prototype transposition in the future. Comparisons between measurements and calculations are in good agreement.

On the nature of consonant/vowel differences in letter position coding: Evidence from developing and adult readers.

PubMed

Comesaña, Montserrat; Soares, Ana P; Marcet, Ana; Perea, Manuel

2016-11-01

In skilled adult readers, transposed-letter effects (jugde-JUDGE) are greater for consonant than for vowel transpositions. These differences are often attributed to phonological rather than orthographic processing. To examine this issue, we employed a scenario in which phonological involvement varies as a function of reading experience: A masked priming lexical decision task with 50-ms primes in adult and developing readers. Indeed, masked phonological priming at this prime duration has been consistently reported in adults, but not in developing readers (Davis, Castles, & Iakovidis, 1998). Thus, if consonant/vowel asymmetries in letter position coding with adults are due to phonological influences, transposed-letter priming should occur for both consonant and vowel transpositions in developing readers. Results with adults (Experiment 1) replicated the usual consonant/vowel asymmetry in transposed-letter priming. In contrast, no signs of an asymmetry were found with developing readers (Experiments 2-3). However, Experiments 1-3 did not directly test the existence of phonological involvement. To study this question, Experiment 4 manipulated the phonological prime-target relationship in developing readers. As expected, we found no signs of masked phonological priming. Thus, the present data favour an interpretation of the consonant/vowel dissociation in letter position coding as due to phonological rather than orthographic processing. © 2016 The British Psychological Society.

Executive Function and Theory of Mind in School-Aged Children after Neonatal Corrective Cardiac Surgery for Transposition of the Great Arteries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calderon, Johanna; Bonnet, Damien; Courtin, Cyril; Concordet, Susan; Plumet, Marie-Helene; Angeard, Nathalie

2010-01-01

Aim: Cardiac malformations resulting in cyanosis, such as transposition of the great arteries (TGA), have been associated with neurodevelopmental dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, theory of mind (ToM), which is a key component of social cognition and executive functions in school-aged children with TGA.…

Novel Biliary Reconstruction Techniques During Liver Transplantation

PubMed Central

Carmody, Ian C.; Romano, John; Bohorquez, Humberto; Bugeaud, Emily; Bruce, David S.; Cohen, Ari J.; Seal, John; Reichman, Trevor W.; Loss, George E.

2017-01-01

Background: Biliary complications remain a significant problem following liver transplantation. Several surgical options can be used to deal with a significant size mismatch between the donor and recipient bile ducts during the biliary anastomosis. We compared biliary transposition to recipient biliary ductoplasty in cadaveric liver transplant. Methods: A total of 33 reconstructions were performed from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2013. In the biliary transposition group (n=23), 5 reconstructions were performed using an internal stent (5 or 8 French pediatric feeding tube), and 18 were performed without. Of the 10 biliary ductoplasties, 2 were performed with a stent. All patients were managed with standard immunosuppression and ursodiol. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 5 years. Results: No patients in the biliary transposition group required reoperation; 1 patient had an internal stent removed for recurrent unexplained leukocytosis, and 2 patients required endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and stent placement for evidence of stricture. Three anastomotic leaks occurred in the biliary ductoplasty group, and 2 patients in the biliary ductoplasty group required reoperation for biliary complications. Conclusion: Our results indicate that biliary reconstruction can be performed with either biliary transposition or biliary ductoplasty. These techniques are particularly useful when a significant mismatch in diameter exists between the donor and recipient bile ducts. PMID:28331447

Characterization of growth and reproduction performance, transgene integration, expression and transmission patterns in transgenic pigs produced by piggyBac transposition-mediated gene transfer

PubMed Central

Zeng, Fang; Li, Zicong; Cai, Gengyuan; Gao, Wenchao; Jiang, Gelong; Liu, Dewu; Urschitz, Johann; Moisyadi, Stefan; Wu, Zhenfang

2016-01-01

Previously we successfully produced a group of EGFP-expressing founder transgenic pigs by a newly developed efficient and simple pig transgenesis method based on cytoplasmic injection of piggyBac plasmids. In this study, we investigated the growth and reproduction performance, and characterized the transgene insertion, transmission and expression patterns in transgenic pigs generated by piggyBac transposition. Results showed that transgene has no injurious effect on the growth and reproduction of transgenic pigs. Multiple copies of monogenic EGFP transgene were inserted at noncoding sequences of host genome, and passed from founder transgenic pigs to their transgenic offspring in segregation or linkage manner. The EGFP transgene was ubiquitously expressed in transgenic pigs, and its expression intensity was associated with transgene copy number but not related to its promoter DNA methylation level. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study that fully described the growth and reproduction performance, transgene insertion, expression and transmission profiles in transgenic pigs produced by piggyBac system. It not only demonstrates that piggyBac transposition-mediated gene transfer is an effective and favourable approach for pig transgenesis, but also provides scientific information for understanding the transgene insertion, expression and transmission patterns in transgenic animals produced by piggyBac transposition. PMID:27565868

A nucleolus-predominant piggyBac transposase, NP-mPB, mediates elevated transposition efficiency in mammalian cells.

PubMed

Hong, Jin-Bon; Chou, Fu-Ju; Ku, Amy T; Fan, Hsiang-Hsuan; Lee, Tung-Lung; Huang, Yung-Hsin; Yang, Tsung-Lin; Su, I-Chang; Yu, I-Shing; Lin, Shu-Wha; Chien, Chung-Liang; Ho, Hong-Nerng; Chen, You-Tzung

2014-01-01

PiggyBac is a prevalent transposon system used to deliver transgenes and functionally explore the mammalian untouched genomic territory. The important features of piggyBac transposon are the relatively low insertion site preference and the ability of seamless removal from genome, which allow its potential uses in functional genomics and regenerative medicine. Efforts to increase its transposition efficiency in mammals were made through engineering the corresponding transposase (PBase) codon usage to enhance its expression level and through screening for mutant PBase variants with increased enzyme activity. To improve the safety for its potential use in regenerative medicine applications, site-specific transposition was achieved by using engineered zinc finger- and Gal4-fused PBases. An excision-prone PBase variant has also been successfully developed. Here we describe the construction of a nucleolus-predominant PBase, NP-mPB, by adding a nucleolus-predominant (NP) signal peptide from HIV-1 TAT protein to a mammalian codon-optimized PBase (mPB). Although there is a predominant fraction of the NP-mPB-tGFP fusion proteins concentrated in the nucleoli, an insertion site preference toward nucleolar organizer regions is not detected. Instead a 3-4 fold increase in piggyBac transposition efficiency is reproducibly observed in mouse and human cells.

Unilateral endonasal transcribriform approach with septal transposition for olfactory groove meningioma: can olfaction be preserved?

PubMed

Youssef, A Samy; Sampath, Raghuram; Freeman, Jacob L; Mattingly, Jameson K; Ramakrishnan, Vijay R

2016-10-01

Loss of olfaction has been considered inevitable in endoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory groove meningiomas. Olfaction preservation may be feasible through an endonasal unilateral transcribriform approach, with the option for expansion using septal transposition and contralateral preservation of the olfactory apparatus. An expanded unilateral endonasal transcribriform approach with septal transposition was performed in five cadaver heads. The approach was applied in a surgical case of a 24 × 26-mm olfactory groove meningioma originating from the right cribriform plate with partially intact olfaction. The surgical approach offered adequate exposure to the anterior skull base bilaterally. The nasal/septal mucosa was preserved on the contralateral side. Gross total resection of the meningioma was achieved with the successful preservation of the contralateral olfactory apparatus and preoperative olfaction. Six months later, the left nasal cavity showed no disruption of the mucosal lining and the right side was at the appropriate stage of healing for a harvested nasoseptal flap. One year later, the preoperative olfactory function was intact and favorably viewed by the patient. Objective testing of olfaction showed microsomia. Olfaction preservation may be feasible in the endoscopic endonasal resection of a unilateral olfactory groove meningioma through a unilateral transcribriform approach with septal transposition and preservation of the contralateral olfactory apparatus.

TED, an Autonomous and Rare Maize Transposon of the Mutator Superfamily with a High Gametophytic Excision Frequency[W

PubMed Central

Li, Yubin; Harris, Linda; Dooner, Hugo K.

2013-01-01

Mutator (Mu) elements, one of the most diverse superfamilies of DNA transposons, are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, but are particularly numerous in plants. Most of the present knowledge on the transposition behavior of this superfamily comes from studies of the maize (Zea mays) Mu elements, whose transposition is mediated by the autonomous Mutator-Don Robertson (MuDR) element. Here, we describe the maize element TED (for Transposon Ellen Dempsey), an autonomous cousin that differs significantly from MuDR. Element excision and reinsertion appear to require both proteins encoded by MuDR, but only the single protein encoded by TED. Germinal excisions, rare with MuDR, are common with TED, but arise in one of the mitotic divisions of the gametophyte, rather than at meiosis. Instead, transposition-deficient elements arise at meiosis, suggesting that the double-strand breaks produced by element excision are repaired differently in mitosis and meiosis. Unlike MuDR, TED is a very low-copy transposon whose number and activity do not undergo dramatic changes upon inbreeding or outcrossing. Like MuDR, TED transposes mostly to unlinked sites and can form circular transposition products. Sequences closer to TED than to MuDR were detected only in the grasses, suggesting a rather recent evolutionary split from a common ancestor. PMID:24038653

TED, an autonomous and rare maize transposon of the mutator superfamily with a high gametophytic excision frequency.

PubMed

Li, Yubin; Harris, Linda; Dooner, Hugo K

2013-09-01

Mutator (Mu) elements, one of the most diverse superfamilies of DNA transposons, are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, but are particularly numerous in plants. Most of the present knowledge on the transposition behavior of this superfamily comes from studies of the maize (Zea mays) Mu elements, whose transposition is mediated by the autonomous Mutator-Don Robertson (MuDR) element. Here, we describe the maize element TED (for Transposon Ellen Dempsey), an autonomous cousin that differs significantly from MuDR. Element excision and reinsertion appear to require both proteins encoded by MuDR, but only the single protein encoded by TED. Germinal excisions, rare with MuDR, are common with TED, but arise in one of the mitotic divisions of the gametophyte, rather than at meiosis. Instead, transposition-deficient elements arise at meiosis, suggesting that the double-strand breaks produced by element excision are repaired differently in mitosis and meiosis. Unlike MuDR, TED is a very low-copy transposon whose number and activity do not undergo dramatic changes upon inbreeding or outcrossing. Like MuDR, TED transposes mostly to unlinked sites and can form circular transposition products. Sequences closer to TED than to MuDR were detected only in the grasses, suggesting a rather recent evolutionary split from a common ancestor.

Insertion sequence transposition determines imipenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

PubMed

Kuo, Han-Yueh; Chang, Kai-Chih; Liu, Chih-Chin; Tang, Chuan Yi; Peng, Jhih-Hua; Lu, Chia-Wei; Tu, Chi-Chao; Liou, Ming-Li

2014-10-01

This study employed genomewide analysis to investigate potential resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii following imipenem exposure. Imipenem-selected mutants were generated from the imipenem-susceptible strain ATCC 17978 by multistep selection resistance. Antibiotic susceptibilities were examined, and the selected mutants originated from the ATCC 17978 strain were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The genomic sequence of a resistant mutant was analyzed using a next-generation sequencing platform, and genetic recombination was further confirmed by PCR. The result showed that phenotypic resistance was observed with carbapenem upon exposure to various concentrations of imipenem. Genomewide analysis showed that ISAba1 transposition was initiated by imipenem exposure at concentrations up to 0.5 mg/L. Transposition of ISAba1 upstream of blaOXA-95 was detected in all the selected mutants. The expression of blaOXA-95 was further analyzed by quantitative PCR, and the results demonstrated that a 200-fold increase in gene expression was required for resistance to imipenem. This study concluded that imipenem exposure at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L mediated the transposition of ISAba1 upstream of the blaOXA-95 gene and resulted in the overexpression of blaOXA-95 gene, which may play a major role in the resistance to imipenem in A. baumannii.

Rapid and efficient introduction of a foreign gene into bacterial artificial chromosome-cloned varicella vaccine by Tn7-mediated site-specific transposition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Somboonthum, Pranee; Koshizuka, Tetsuo; Okamoto, Shigefumi

2010-06-20

Using a rapid and reliable system based on Tn7-mediated site-specific transposition, we have successfully constructed a recombinant Oka varicella vaccine (vOka) expressing the mumps virus (MuV) fusion protein (F). The backbone of the vector was our previously reported vOka-BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) genome. We inserted the transposon Tn7 attachment sequence, LacZ{alpha}-mini-attTn7, into the region between ORF12 and ORF13 to generate a vOka-BAC-Tn genome. The MuV-F expressing cassette was transposed into the vOka-BAC genome at the mini-attTn7 transposition site. MuV-F protein was expressed in recombinant virus, rvOka-F infected cells. In addition, the MuV-F protein was cleaved in the rvOka-F infected cellsmore » as in MuV-infected cells. The growth of rvOka-F was similar to that of the original recombinant vOka without the F gene. Thus, we show that Tn7-mediated transposition is an efficient method for introducing a foreign gene expression cassette into the vOka-BAC genome as a live virus vector.« less

Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation in the Synthesis of Cyclopentanoid and Cycloheptanoid Core Structures Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters

PubMed Central

Hong, Allen Y.; Bennett, Nathan B.; Krout, Michael R.; Jensen, Thomas; Harned, Andrew. M.

2011-01-01

General catalytic asymmetric routes toward cyclopentanoid and cycloheptanoid core structures embedded in numerous natural products have been developed. The central stereoselective transformation in our divergent strategies is the enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation of seven-membered β-ketoesters to form α-quaternary vinylogous esters. Recognition of the unusual reactivity of β-hydroxyketones resulting from the addition of hydride or organometallic reagents enabled divergent access to γ-quaternary acylcyclopentenes through a ring contraction pathway or γ-quaternary cycloheptenones through a carbonyl transposition pathway. Synthetic applications of these compounds were explored through the preparation of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic derivatives that can serve as valuable intermediates for the total synthesis of complex natural products. This work complements our previous work with cyclohexanoid systems. PMID:22347731

Surgical management of third nerve palsy

PubMed Central

Singh, Anupam; Bahuguna, Chirag; Nagpal, Ritu; Kumar, Barun

2016-01-01

Third nerve paralysis has been known to be associated with a wide spectrum of presentation and other associated factors such as the presence of ptosis, pupillary involvement, amblyopia, aberrant regeneration, poor bell's phenomenon, superior oblique (SO) overaction, and lateral rectus (LR) contracture. Correction of strabismus due to third nerve palsy can be complex as four out of the six extraocular muscles are involved and therefore should be approached differently. Third nerve palsy can be congenital or acquired. The common causes of isolated third nerve palsy in children are congenital (43%), trauma (20%), inflammation (13%), aneurysm (7%), and ophthalmoplegic migraine. Whereas, in adult population, common etiologies are vasculopathic disorders (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), aneurysm, and trauma. Treatment can be both nonsurgical and surgical. As nonsurgical modalities are not of much help, surgery remains the main-stay of treatment. Surgical strategies are different for complete and partial third nerve palsy. Surgery for complete third nerve palsy may involve supra-maximal recession - resection of the recti. This may be combined with SO transposition and augmented by surgery on the other eye. For partial third nerve, palsy surgery is determined according to nature and extent of involvement of extraocular muscles. PMID:27433033

Estimation of hysteretic losses for MgB2 tapes under the operating conditions of a generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vargas-Llanos, Carlos Roberto; Zermeño, Víctor M. R.; Sanz, Santiago; Trillaud, Frederic; Grilli, Francesco

2016-03-01

Hysteretic losses in the MgB2 wound superconducting coils of a 550 kW synchronous hybrid scaled generator were estimated as part of the European project SUPRAPOWER led by the Spanish Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation. Particular interest was given to the losses caused by the magnetic flux ripples in the rotor coils originating from the conventional stator during nominal operation. To compute these losses, a 2D finite element analysis was conducted and Maxwell’s equations written in the H-formulation were solved considering the nonlinear material properties of the conductor materials. The modeled tapes are made of multiple MgB2 filaments embedded in a Ni matrix and soldered to a high purity copper strip and insulated with Dacron braid. Three geometrical models of single tape cross sections of decreasing complexity were studied: (1) the first model reproduced closely the actual cross section obtained from tape micrographs. (2) The second model was obtained from the computed elasto-plastic deformation of a round Ni wire. (3) The third model was based on a simplified cross section with the superconducting filaments bundled in a single elliptical bulky structure. The last geometry allowed the validation of the modeling technique by comparing numerical losses with results from well-established analytical expressions. Additionally, the following cases of filament transpositions of the multi-filamentary tape were studied: no transposition, partial and full transposition; thereby improving understanding of the relevance of the tape fabrication process on the magnitude of the determination of ac losses. Finally, choosing the right level of geometrical detail, the following operational regimes of the machine and its impact on individual superconducting tape losses in the rotor were studied: bias-dc current, ramping current under ramping background field and magnetic flux ripples under dc background current and field.

Search for Rare Copy-Number Variants in Congenital Heart Defects Identifies Novel Candidate Genes and a Potential Role for FOXC1 in Patients With Coarctation of the Aorta.

PubMed

Sanchez-Castro, Marta; Eldjouzi, Hadja; Charpentier, Eric; Busson, Pierre-François; Hauet, Quentin; Lindenbaum, Pierre; Delasalle-Guyomarch, Béatrice; Baudry, Adrien; Pichon, Olivier; Pascal, Cécile; Lefort, Bruno; Bajolle, Fanny; Pezard, Philippe; Schott, Jean-Jacques; Dina, Christian; Redon, Richard; Gournay, Véronique; Bonnet, Damien; Le Caignec, Cédric

2016-02-01

Congenital heart defects are the most frequent malformations among newborns and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. Although genetic variation contributes to congenital heart defects, their precise molecular bases remain unknown in the majority of patients. We analyzed, by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization, 316 children with sporadic, nonsyndromic congenital heart defects, including 76 coarctation of the aorta, 159 transposition of the great arteries, and 81 tetralogy of Fallot, as well as their unaffected parents. We identified by array comparative genomic hybridization, and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, 71 rare de novo (n=8) or inherited (n=63) copy-number variants (CNVs; 50 duplications and 21 deletions) in patients. We identified 113 candidate genes for congenital heart defects within these CNVs, including BTRC, CHRNB3, CSRP2BP, ERBB2, ERMARD, GLIS3, PLN, PTPRJ, RLN3, and TCTE3. No de novo CNVs were identified in patients with transposition of the great arteries in contrast to coarctation of the aorta and tetralogy of Fallot (P=0.002; Fisher exact test). A search for transcription factor binding sites showed that 93% of the rare CNVs identified in patients with coarctation of the aorta contained at least 1 gene with FOXC1-binding sites. This significant enrichment (P<0.0001; permutation test) was not observed for the CNVs identified in patients with transposition of the great arteries and tetralogy of Fallot. We hypothesize that these CNVs may alter the expression of genes regulated by FOXC1. Foxc1 belongs to the forkhead transcription factors family, which plays a critical role in cardiovascular development in mice. These data suggest that deregulation of FOXC1 or its downstream genes play a major role in the pathogenesis of coarctation of the aorta in humans. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

Vector for IS element entrapment and functional characterization based on turning on expression of distal promoterless genes.

PubMed

Szeverényi, I; Hodel, A; Arber, W; Olasz, F

1996-09-26

We constructed and characterized a novel trap vector for rapid isolation of insertion sequences. The strategy used for the isolation of IS elements is based on the ability of many IS elements to turn on the expression of otherwise silent genes distal to some sites of insertion. The simple transposition of an IS element can sometimes cause the constitutive expression of promoterless antibiotic resistance genes resulting in selectable phenotypes. The trap vector pAW1326 is based on a pBR322 replicon, it carries ampicillin and streptomycin resistance genes, and also silenced genes that confer chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance once activated. The trap vector pAW1326 proved to be efficient and 85 percent of all isolated mutations were insertions. The majority of IS elements resident in the studied Escherichia coli strains tested became trapped, namely IS2, IS3, IS5, IS150, IS186 and Tn1000. We also encountered an insertion sequence, called IS10L/R-2, which is a hybrid of the two IS variants IS10L and IS10R. IS10L/R-2 is absent from most E. coli strains, but it is detectable in some strains such as JM109 which had been submitted to Tn10 mutagenesis. The distribution of the insertion sequences within the trap region was not random. Rather, the integration of chromosomal mobile genetic elements into the offered target sequence occurred in element-specific clusters. This is explained both by the target specificity and by the specific requirements for the activation of gene transcription by the DNA rearrangement. The employed trap vector pAW1326 proved to be useful for the isolation of mobile genetic elements, for a demonstration of their transposition activity as well as for the further characterization of some of the functional parameters of transposition.

Artist's concept of scene in Earth orbit during transposition and docking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An artist's concept depicting a scene in Earth orbit during the Apollo transposition and docking maneuvers of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. The Command/Service Module is moving into position to dock with the Docking Module. This scene will take place some one hour and twenty-three minutes after the Apollo-Saturn 1B liftoff from the Kennedy Space Center on July 15, 1975. The artwork is by Paul Fjeld.

Isolation of the right subclavian artery in a patient with d-transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Arunamata, Alisa; Perry, Stanton B; Kipps, Alaina K; Vasanawala, Shreyas S; Axelrod, David M

2015-01-01

Isolation of the right subclavian artery (RSCA) is rare, and this finding in association with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is extremely unusual. We present a case of an isolated RSCA in a newborn with d-TGA in whom the clinical presentation was diagnostic. We discuss the imaging modalities used to confirm the diagnosis, the embryological basis of the finding, and the surgical repair.

Effect of beta blockers (carvedilol or metoprolol XL) in patients with transposition of great arteries and dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle.

PubMed

Doughan, Abdul Rahman K; McConnell, Michael E; Book, Wendy M

2007-03-01

This study evaluated the effects of beta blockers (carvedilol and metoprolol XL) on New York Heart Association functional class and systemic right ventricular (RV) function in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries who had systemic RV dysfunction late after atrial inflow correction. A significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class was found after 4 months of therapy with beta blockers. Functional recovery was significant mostly in those patients with pacemakers who received higher maintenance doses of carvedilol. RV end-diastolic area was significantly greater in untreated patients at the end of the follow-up period, whereas it was unchanged in treated patients. In conclusion, beta blockers prevent RV remodeling, with a concomitant improvement in exercise tolerance in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and systemic RV dysfunction.

[The effect of modified Nance arch on treating maxillary impacted canine transposed with first premolar].

PubMed

Xu, Qing-chao; Sun, Hao; Lin, Yan; Wang, Xiu-ying; Hu, Rong-dang

2015-10-01

To explore the effect of modified Nance arch on treating maxillary canine-first premolar transposition cases, in which the anchorage and force direction were discussed. Modified Nance arch was applied to 5 cases with maxillary impacted canine-first premolar transposition. First, a lingual knot button was bonded on the surface of the canine crown. Modified Nance arch was decorated with a hook that moved horizontally and buccally. Then the location of the hook was gradually adjusted in order to move the canine cross the root of the first premolar and move the canine to the right position. At last the canine was moved downward by straight wire appliance. Five maxillary transposed canines were fully erupted in their right position, with normal pulp activity and gingival morphology. No obvious root resorption was detected. The mean treatment time was 30 months. Modified Nance arch has advantages in treating canine-first premolar transposition.

[Transposition errors during learning to reproduce a sequence by the right- and the left-hand movements: simulation of positional and movement coding].

PubMed

Liakhovetskiĭ, V A; Bobrova, E V; Skopin, G N

2012-01-01

Transposition errors during the reproduction of a hand movement sequence make it possible to receive important information on the internal representation of this sequence in the motor working memory. Analysis of such errors showed that learning to reproduce sequences of the left-hand movements improves the system of positional coding (coding ofpositions), while learning of the right-hand movements improves the system of vector coding (coding of movements). Learning of the right-hand movements after the left-hand performance involved the system of positional coding "imposed" by the left hand. Learning of the left-hand movements after the right-hand performance activated the system of vector coding. Transposition errors during learning to reproduce movement sequences can be explained by neural network using either vector coding or both vector and positional coding.

Evaluation of various procedures transposing global tilted irradiance to horizontal surface irradiance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Housmans, Caroline; Bertrand, Cédric

2017-02-01

Many transposition models have been proposed in the literature to convert solar irradiance on the horizontal plane to that on a tilted plane. The inverse process, i.e. the conversion from tilted to horizontal is investigated here based upon seven months of in-plane global solar irradiance measurements recorded on the roof of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium's radiation tower in Uccle (Longitude 4.35° E, Latitude 50.79° N). Up to three pyranometers mounted on inclined planes of different tilts and orientations were involved in the inverse transposition process. Our results indicate that (1) the tilt to horizontal irradiance conversion is improved when measurements from more than one tilted pyranometer are considered (i.e. by using a multi-pyranometer approach) and (2) the improvement from using an isotropic model to anisotropic models in the inverse transposition problem is not significant.

Vertical muscle transposition with silicone band belting in VI nerve palsy

PubMed Central

Freitas, Cristina

2016-01-01

A woman aged 60 years developed a Millard-Gubler syndrome after a diagnosis of a cavernous angioma in the median and paramedian areas of the pons. In this context, she presented a right VI nerve palsy, right conjugate gaze palsy, facial palsy and left hemiparesis. To improve the complete VI nerve palsy, we planned a modified transposition approach, in which procedure we made a partial transposition of vertical rectus with a silicone band that was fixated posteriorly. After the procedure, the patient gained the ability to slightly abduct the right eye. We found no compensatory torticollis in the primary position of gaze. There was also an improvement of elevation and depression movements of the right eye. We obtained satisfactory results with a theoretically reversible technique, which is adjustable intraoperatively with no need of muscle detachment, preventing anterior segment ischaemia and allowing simultaneous recession of the medial rectus muscles, if necessary. PMID:27974341

A probabilistic storm transposition approach for estimating exceedance probabilities of extreme precipitation depths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foufoula-Georgiou, E.

1989-05-01

A storm transposition approach is investigated as a possible tool of assessing the frequency of extreme precipitation depths, that is, depths of return period much greater than 100 years. This paper focuses on estimation of the annual exceedance probability of extreme average precipitation depths over a catchment. The probabilistic storm transposition methodology is presented, and the several conceptual and methodological difficulties arising in this approach are identified. The method is implemented and is partially evaluated by means of a semihypothetical example involving extreme midwestern storms and two hypothetical catchments (of 100 and 1000 mi2 (˜260 and 2600 km2)) located in central Iowa. The results point out the need for further research to fully explore the potential of this approach as a tool for assessing the probabilities of rare storms, and eventually floods, a necessary element of risk-based analysis and design of large hydraulic structures.

Concerted formation of macromolecular Suppressor–mutator transposition complexes

PubMed Central

Raina, Ramesh; Schläppi, Michael; Karunanandaa, Balasulojini; Elhofy, Adam; Fedoroff, Nina

1998-01-01

Transposition of the maize Suppressor–mutator (Spm) transposon requires two element-encoded proteins, TnpA and TnpD. Although there are multiple TnpA binding sites near each element end, binding of TnpA to DNA is not cooperative, and the binding affinity is not markedly affected by the number of binding sites per DNA fragment. However, intermolecular complexes form cooperatively between DNA fragments with three or more TnpA binding sites. TnpD, itself not a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, binds to TnpA and stabilizes the TnpA–DNA complex. The high redundancy of TnpA binding sites at both element ends and the protein–protein interactions between DNA-bound TnpA complexes and between these and TnpD imply a concerted transition of the element from a linear to a protein crosslinked transposition complex within a very narrow protein concentration range. PMID:9671711

[Autodermal plastics and transposition of musculus rectus abdominus for giant postoperative hernias].

PubMed

Ianov, V N

2000-01-01

For reduction of postoperative hernia relapses rate the technique of the autodermal plastics and transposition of musculus rectus abdominalis (MRA) was developed. This technique consists of two-sided transection of the lateral abdominal muscles (oblique and transverse) on the pararectal line, transposition of MRA together with their sheaths medially by autodermal continuous lacing to complete adaptation of the edges. Closing of the lateral muscle-aponeurotic defects was carried out with use of the double autodermal grafts which were prepared by Yanov's technique. This technique is indicated for giant postoperative hernias and pronounced diastase of the MRA in people with well developed abdominal muscles. This technique was used in 11 patients without complications after surgery. Long-term results are available for all the patients. The relapses were absent. The technique, developed by us, provides first of all restoration of physiological function of the MRA, and also closing of the abdominal wall muscle-aponeurotic defect.

Spatial transposition gradients in visual working memory.

PubMed

Rerko, Laura; Oberauer, Klaus; Lin, Hsuan-Yu

2014-01-01

In list memory, access to individual items reflects limits of temporal distinctiveness. This is reflected in the finding that neighbouring list items tend to be confused most often. This article investigates the analogous effect of spatial proximity in a visual working-memory task. Items were presented in different locations varying in spatial distance. A retro-cue indicated the location of the item relevant for the subsequent memory test. In two recognition experiments, probes matching spatially close neighbours of the relevant item led to more false alarms than probes matching distant neighbours or non-neighbouring memory items. In two probed-recall experiments, one with simultaneous, the other with sequential memory item presentation, items closer to the cued location were more frequently chosen for recall than more distant items. These results reflect a spatial transposition gradient analogous to the temporal transposition gradient in serial recall and challenge fixed-capacity models of visual working memory (WM).

Human Transposon Tectonics

PubMed Central

Burns, Kathleen H.; Boeke, Jef D.

2012-01-01

Mobile DNAs have had a central role in shaping our genome. More than half of our DNA is comprised of interspersed repeats resulting from replicative copy and paste events of retrotransposons. Although most are fixed, incapable of templating new copies, there are important exceptions to retrotransposon quiescence. De novo insertions cause genetic diseases and cancers, though reliably detecting these occurrences has been difficult. New technologies aimed at uncovering polymorphic insertions reveal that mobile DNAs provide a substantial and dynamic source of structural variation. Key questions going forward include the how and how much new transposition events affect human health and disease. PMID:22579280

L1-mediated retrotransposition of murine B1 and B2 SINEs recapitulated in cultured cells.

PubMed

Dewannieux, Marie; Heidmann, Thierry

2005-06-03

SINEs are short interspersed nucleotide elements with transpositional activity, present at a high copy number (up to a million) in mammalian genomes. They are 80-400 bp long, non-coding sequences which derive either from the 7SL RNA (e.g. human Alus, murine B1s) or tRNA (e.g. murine B2s) polymerase III-driven genes. We have previously demonstrated that Alus very efficiently divert the enzymatic machinery of the autonomous L1 LINE (long interspersed nucleotide element) retrotransposons to transpose at a high rate. Here we show, using an ex vivo assay for transposition, that both B1 and B2 SINEs can be mobilized by murine LINEs, with the hallmarks of a bona fide retrotransposition process, including target site duplications of varying lengths and integrations into A-rich sequences. Despite different phylogenetic origins, transposition of the tRNA-derived B2 sequences is as efficient as that of the human Alus, whereas that of B1s is 20-100-fold lower despite a similar high copy number of these elements in the mouse genome. We provide evidence, via an appropriate nucleotide substitution within the B1 sequence in a domain essential for its intracellular targeting, that the current B1 SINEs are not optimal for transposition, a feature most probably selected for the host sake in the course of evolution.

Inferior gluteal artery myocutaneous island transposition flap reconstruction of irradiated perineal defects.

PubMed

Boccola, Mark A; Rozen, Warren M; Ek, Edmund W; Teh, Bing M; Croxford, Matthew; Grinsell, Damien

2010-07-01

With the progressive use of more radical surgical resections and pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced anorectal cancers, there has become an increasing need for reconstructive options that import well-vascularised tissue of sufficient bulk to the perineum. We present our technique of inferior gluteal artery myocutaneous (IGAM) transposition flaps for reconstruction after extended abdomino-perineal excision (APE) for anorectal cancer. Six consecutive male patients with T2/T3 rectal carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy followed by extended APE and immediate reconstruction with an islanded IGAM transposition flap. The operative technique and surgical outcomes were assessed with follow-up ranging from 3 to 18 months (median 5 months). In all cases, there were clear histological margins with no flap failures or partial flap losses, and no post-operative hernias. There were no major wound complications, with only one superficial breakdown associated with high body mass index (BMI) and adhesive tape allergy, treated with dressings alone. There was no donor site morbidity evident following flap harvest. The IGAM island transposition flap provides excellent tissue bulk, a large reliable skin paddle and a long pedicle that permits flexible positioning with tension free closure. Our successful results and high patient satisfaction make it a favourable option that should be considered when faced with this reconstructive challenge. Copyright 2009 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Pattern of paralysis and reconstructive operations after traumatic brachial plexus lesions].

PubMed

Rühmann, O; Schmolke, S; Carls, J; Wirth, C J

2002-12-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate persistent patterns of paralysis after traumatic brachial plexus lesions. As a result, consecutive reconstructive operations according to our differential therapy concept are presented. Between 04/1994 and 12/2000 in 104 patients with brachial plexus palsy, the grade of muscle power of the affected upper extremities was evaluated prospectively. The neuromuscular patterns of defect showed, in most cases, insufficient muscle power grades of 0-2 for the deltoid muscle (90%), supraspinatus muscle (82%), infraspinatus muscle (93%), elbow flexors (67% to 77%), hand and finger extensors (69% to 71%), and the abductor and extensors of the thumb (67% to 70%). In corresponding frequency, the following operations were performed between 04/1994 and 06/2002: shoulder arthrodesis (n 26), trapezius transfer (n 80), rotation osteotomy of humerus (n 10), triceps to biceps transposition (n 11), transposition of forearm flexors or extensors/Steindler operation (n 12), latissimus transfer (n 7), pectoralis transfer (n 1), teres major transfer (n 1), transposition of forearm flexors to the tendons of extensor digitorum (n 19) and of the extensor pollicis longus (n 9), and wrist arthrodesis (n 5). On malfunction of muscles following brachial plexus lesions, taking into account the individual neuromuscular defect, passive joint function, and bony deformities, different procedures such as muscle transposition, arthrodesis, and corrective osteotomy can be performed to improve function of the upper extremity.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Myocardial Mechanics Using Velocity Vector Imaging of Cardiac MRI Cine Images in Transposition of the Great Arteries Following Atrial and Arterial Switch Operations.

PubMed

Thattaliyath, Bijoy D; Forsha, Daniel E; Stewart, Chad; Barker, Piers C A; Campbell, Michael J

2015-01-01

The aim of the study was to determine right and left ventricle deformation parameters in patients with transposition of the great arteries who had undergone atrial or arterial switch procedures. Patients with transposition are born with a systemic right ventricle. Historically, the atrial switch operation, in which the right ventricle remains the systemic ventricle, was performed. These patients have increased rates of morbidity and mortality. We used cardiac MRI with Velocity Vector Imaging analysis to characterize and compare ventricular myocardial deformation in patients who had an atrial switch or arterial switch operation. Patients with a history of these procedures, who had a clinically ordered cardiac MRI were included in the study. Consecutive 20 patients (75% male, 28.7 ± 1.8 years) who underwent atrial switch operation and 20 patients (60% male, 17.7 ± 1.9 years) who underwent arterial switch operation were included in the study. Four chamber and short-axis cine images were used to determine longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rate using Vector Velocity Imaging software. Compared with the arterial switch group, the atrial switch group had decreased right ventricular ejection fraction and increased end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes. The atrial switch group had decreased longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rate. When compared with normal controls multiple strain parameters in the atrial switch group were reduced. Myocardial deformation analysis of transposition patients reveals a reduction of right ventricular function and decreased longitudinal and circumferential strain parameters in patients with an atrial switch operation compared with those with arterial switch operation. A better understanding of the mechanisms of right ventricle failure in transposition of great arteries may lead to improved therapies and adaptation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Regional and global right ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with congenitally corrected transposition.

PubMed

Tulevski, Igor I; Zijta, Frank M; Smeijers, Anika S; Dodge-Khatami, Ali; van der Wall, Ernst E; Mulder, Barbara J M

2004-04-01

Patients with congenitally corrected transposition are at risk of right ventricular dysfunction and failure. With this in mind, we examined 13 patients with congenitally corrected transposition, 7 not having undergone surgery, and 6 after physiological repair, comparing them with 6 healthy subjects matched for age and sex, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, at rest and during dobutamine stress, in order to determine regional and global right ventricular response to stress. At rest, the patients had significantly decreased overall wall motion compared to their healthy peers (7.2 +/- 0.5, versus 9.8 +/- 0.4 mm). During infusion of dobutamine, overall wall motion increased to 12.8 +/- 0.4 mm in the healthy subjects, versus 8.8 +/- 1.0 mm in patients. At the regional level, significant differences in mural motion were found between patients and controls in the anterior (9.5 +/- 1.1, versus 13.2 +/- 0.6 mm), posterior (10.2 +/- 1.6, versus 13.2 +/- 0.8 mm), and septal segments (5.0 +/- 0.8, versus 11.2 +/- 0.6 mm). At rest, overall mural thickening in patients was similar to that of controls, but significantly less in patients during stress. During dobutamine stress, patients showed significantly less regional wall thickening than controls, particularly in the septal (2.7 +/- 0.6, versus 6.0 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively) and in the anterior segments (4.2 +/- 0.6, versus 7.8 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively). Right ventricular ejection fraction strongly correlated with mural motion and thickening, both at rest and during stress. Abnormal regional function in the systemic morphologically right ventricle may occur in patients with congenitally corrected transposition, which strongly correlates with right ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings support the hypothesis that, in patients with congenitally corrected transposition, ischemia of the right ventricular myocardium contributes to the development of right ventricular dysfunction.

Is visual short-term memory depthful?

PubMed

Reeves, Adam; Lei, Quan

2014-03-01

Does visual short-term memory (VSTM) depend on depth, as it might be if information was stored in more than one depth layer? Depth is critical in natural viewing and might be expected to affect retention, but whether this is so is currently unknown. Cued partial reports of letter arrays (Sperling, 1960) were measured up to 700 ms after display termination. Adding stereoscopic depth hardly affected VSTM capacity or decay inferred from total errors. The pattern of transposition errors (letters reported from an uncued row) was almost independent of depth and cue delay. We conclude that VSTM is effectively two-dimensional. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Temporalis myofascial flap transfer into the oral cavity without zygomatic arch osteotomy

PubMed Central

Tauro, David P.; Mishra, Madan; Singh, Gaurav

2013-01-01

Among plethora of options, the temporalis myofascial flap remains a workhorse for the maxillofacial reconstruction. The inherent advantages include reliable vascularity, adequate size, and proximity to the defect. Although contemporary surgical techniques provide fair surgical results with low rate of complications, their intraoral transposition involve additional surgical trauma by intentional fracturing of the zygomatic arch. We have proposed herein a simpler technique of temporalis myofascial flap transposition into the oral cavity without zygomatic arch osteotomy. PMID:24665182

pTC Plasmids from Sulfolobus Species in the Geothermal Area of Tengchong, China: Genomic Conservation and Naturally-Occurring Variations as a Result of Transposition by Mobile Genetic Elements

PubMed Central

Xiang, Xiaoyu; Huang, Xiaoxing; Wang, Haina; Huang, Li

2015-01-01

Plasmids occur frequently in Archaea. A novel plasmid (denoted pTC1) containing typical conjugation functions has been isolated from Sulfolobus tengchongensis RT8-4, a strain obtained from a hot spring in Tengchong, China, and characterized. The plasmid is a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of 20,417 bp. Among a total of 26 predicted pTC1 ORFs, 23 have homologues in other known Sulfolobus conjugative plasmids (CPs). pTC1 resembles other Sulfolobus CPs in genome architecture, and is most highly conserved in the genomic region encoding conjugation functions. However, attempts to demonstrate experimentally the capacity of the plasmid for conjugational transfer were unsuccessful. A survey revealed that pTC1 and its closely related plasmid variants were widespread in the geothermal area of Tengchong. Variations of the plasmids at the target sites for transposition by an insertion sequence (IS) and a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) were readily detected. The IS was efficiently inserted into the pTC1 genome, and the inserted sequence was inactivated and degraded more frequently in an imprecise manner than in a precise manner. These results suggest that the host organism has evolved a strategy to maintain a balance between the insertion and elimination of mobile genetic elements to permit genomic plasticity while inhibiting their fast spreading. PMID:25686154

Reasserting the primacy of human needs to reclaim the 'lost half' of sustainable development.

PubMed

Everard, Mark; Longhurst, James W S

2018-04-15

The concept of sustainable development evolved from growing awareness of the interdependence of social and economic progress with the limits of the supporting natural environment, becoming progressively integrated into global agreements and transposition into local regulatory and implementation frameworks. We argue that transposition of the concept into regulation and supporting tools reduced the focus to minimal environmental and social standards, perceived as imposing constraints rather than opportunities for innovation to meet human needs. The aspirational 'half' of the concept of sustainable development specifically addressing human needs was thus lost in transposing high ideals into regulatory instruments. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) restore focus on interlinked human needs, stimulating innovation of products and processes to satisfy them. Through three case studies - PVC water pipes, river quality management in England, and UK local air quality management - we explore the current operationalisation of the concept in diverse settings, using the SDG framework to highlight the broader societal purposes central to sustainable development. Partnerships involving civil society support evolution of regulatory instruments and their implementation, optimising social and ecological benefits thereby serving more human needs. Restoring the visionary 'lost half' of sustainable development - meeting human needs in sustainable ways - creates incentives for innovation and partnership; an innovation framework rather than a perceived constraint. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

pTC Plasmids from Sulfolobus Species in the Geothermal Area of Tengchong, China: Genomic Conservation and Naturally-Occurring Variations as a Result of Transposition by Mobile Genetic Elements.

PubMed

Xiang, Xiaoyu; Huang, Xiaoxing; Wang, Haina; Huang, Li

2015-02-12

Plasmids occur frequently in Archaea. A novel plasmid (denoted pTC1) containing typical conjugation functions has been isolated from Sulfolobus tengchongensis RT8-4, a strain obtained from a hot spring in Tengchong, China, and characterized. The plasmid is a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of 20,417 bp. Among a total of 26 predicted pTC1 ORFs, 23 have homologues in other known Sulfolobus conjugative plasmids (CPs). pTC1 resembles other Sulfolobus CPs in genome architecture, and is most highly conserved in the genomic region encoding conjugation functions. However, attempts to demonstrate experimentally the capacity of the plasmid for conjugational transfer were unsuccessful. A survey revealed that pTC1 and its closely related plasmid variants were widespread in the geothermal area of Tengchong. Variations of the plasmids at the target sites for transposition by an insertion sequence (IS) and a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) were readily detected. The IS was efficiently inserted into the pTC1 genome, and the inserted sequence was inactivated and degraded more frequently in an imprecise manner than in a precise manner. These results suggest that the host organism has evolved a strategy to maintain a balance between the insertion and elimination of mobile genetic elements to permit genomic plasticity while inhibiting their fast spreading.

Functional and cosmetic outcome of single-digit ray amputation in hand.

PubMed

Bhat, A K; Acharya, A M; Narayanakurup, J K; Kumar, B; Nagpal, P S; Kamath, A

2017-12-01

To assess patient satisfaction, functional and cosmetic outcomes of single-digit ray amputation in hand and identify factors that might affect the outcome. Forty-five patients who underwent ray amputation were evaluated, 37 males and eight females whose mean age was 36.6 years ranging between 15 and 67 years. Twenty-eight patients had dominant hand involvement. Twenty-one patients underwent primary ray amputation, and 24 patients had secondary ray amputation. Eight out of the 23 patients with central digit injuries underwent transposition. Grip strength, pinch strength, tactile sensibility and functional evaluation using Result Assessment Scale (RAS) and DASH score were analysed. Cosmetic assessment was performed using visual analogue scale (VAS) for cosmesis. Median time of assessment after surgery was 20 months. Average loss of grip strength and pinch strength was found to be 43.3 and 33.6%, respectively. Average RAS score was 3.75. Median DASH score was 23.4. Eighty-three percentage of patients had excellent or good cosmesis on the VAS. Transposition causes significant increase in DASH scores for central digit ray amputations but was cosmetically superior. Middle finger ray amputation had the maximum loss of grip strength, and index finger ray amputation had greater loss of pinch strength. Affection of neighbouring digits caused greater grip and pinch loss, and a higher DASH score. Primary ray resection decreased the total disability and eliminated the costs of a second procedure. Following ray amputation, one can predict an approximate 43.3% loss of grip strength and 33.6% loss of pinch strength. The patients can be counselled regarding the expected time off from work, amount of disability and complications after a single-digit ray amputation. Majority of the patients can return to the same occupation after a period of dedicated hand therapy. Therapeutic, Level III.

Total Synthesis of Natural Products Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maertens, Gaetan; L'homme, Chloe; Canesi, Sylvain

2014-12-01

We present a review of natural product syntheses accomplished in our laboratory during the last five years. Each synthetic route features a phenol dearomatization promoted by an environmentally benign hypervalent iodine reagent. The dearomatizations demonstrate the “aromatic ring umpolung” concept, and involve stereoselective remodeling of the inert unsaturations of a phenol into a highly functionalized key intermediate that may contain a quaternary carbon center and a prochiral dienone system. Several new oxidative strategies were employed, including transpositions (1,3-alkyl shift and Prins-pinacol), a polycyclization, an ipso rearrangement, and direct nucleophilic additions at the phenol para position. Several alkaloids, heterocyclic compounds, and a polycyclic core have been achieved, including sceletenone (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor), acetylaspidoalbidine (an antitumor agent), fortucine (antiviral and antitumor), erysotramidine (curare-like effect), platensimycin (an antibiotic), and the main core of a kaurane diterpene (immunosuppressive agent and stimulator of apoptosis). These concise and in some cases enantioselective syntheses effectively demonstrate the importance of hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of bioactive natural products.

FB elements can promote exon shuffling: a promoter-less white allele can be reactivated by FB mediated transposition in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Moschetti, R; Marsano, R M; Barsanti, P; Caggese, C; Caizzi, R

2004-05-01

Foldback ( FB) elements are transposable elements found in many eukaryotic genomes; they are thought to contribute significantly to genome plasticity. In Drosophila melanogaster, FBs have been shown to be involved in the transposition of large chromosomal regions and in the genetic instability of some alleles of the white gene. In this report we show that FB mediated transposition of w(67C23), a mutation that deletes the promoter of the white gene and its first exon, containing the start codon, can restore expression of the white gene. We have characterized three independent events in which a 14-kb fragment from the w(67C23) locus was transposed into an intron region in three different genes. In each case a local promoter drives the expression of white, producing a chimeric mRNA. These findings suggest that, on an evolutionary timescale, FB elements may contribute to the creation of new genes via exon shuffling.

[Nursing knowledge production: transposition and repercussions on the graduation teaching].

PubMed

Pereira, Wilza Rocha

2013-09-01

The research aimed to analyze the production of knowledge in nursing at a public university, in order to evaluate the impact of that production during the Nursing Graduation. An exploratory and descriptive research has been done in two stages. The first one consisted of gathering the reports of researches executed by the teachers who coordinated them from 2000 to 2009. As a result of this stage, it was mapped the type of studies performed, the themes and the theoretical and methodological references most utilized. During the second stage we studied the current pedagogical project used in the Graduation course, and crossed the data with the previously, to create a dimension to some of the transpositions and applications of the knowledge produced by the researches to the Nursing Graduation course. We concluded that, in different ways, not only the application of the studies has been occurring but also the transposition of ideals that cross through the research groups to which they belong, being able to bring change to nursing education.

Tracking the displacement of objects: a series of tasks with great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo pygmaeus) and young children (Homo sapiens).

PubMed

Barth, Jochen; Call, Josep

2006-07-01

The authors administered a series of object displacement tasks to 24 great apes and 24 30-month-old children (Homo sapiens). Objects were placed under 1 or 2 of 3 cups by visible or invisible displacements. The series included 6 tasks: delayed response, inhibition test, A not B, rotations, transpositions, and object permanence. Apes and children solved most tasks performing at comparable levels except in the transposition task, in which apes performed better than children. Ape species performed at comparable levels in all tasks except in single transpositions, in which chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) performed better than gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmeaus). All species found nonadjacent trials and rotations especially difficult. The number of elements that changed locations, the type of displacement, and having to inhibit predominant reaching responses were factors that negatively affected the subjects' performance.

International Congress on Transposable Elements (ICTE) 2012 in Saint Malo and the sea of TE stories.

PubMed

Ainouche, Abdelkader; Bétermier, Mireille; Chandler, Mick; Cordaux, Richard; Cristofari, Gaël; Deragon, Jean-Marc; Lesage, Pascale; Panaud, Olivier; Quesneville, Hadi; Vaury, Chantal; Vieira, Cristina; Vitte, Clémentine

2012-10-30

An international conference on Transposable Elements (TEs) was held 21-24 April 2012 in Saint Malo, France. Organized by the French Transposition Community (GDR Elements Génétiques Mobiles et Génomes, CNRS) and the French Society of Genetics (SFG), the conference's goal was to bring together researchers from around the world who study transposition in diverse organisms using multiple experimental approaches. The meeting drew more than 217 attendees and most contributed through poster presentations (117), invited talks and short talks selected from poster abstracts (48 in total). The talks were organized into four scientific sessions, focused on: impact of TEs on genomes, control of transposition, evolution of TEs and mechanisms of transposition. Here, we present highlights from the talks given during the platform sessions. The conference was sponsored by Alliance pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé (Aviesan), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Université de Perpignan, Université de Rennes 1, Région Bretagne and Mobile DNA. CHAIR OF THE ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE: Jean-Marc Deragon ORGANIZERS: Abdelkader Ainouche, Mireille Bétermier, Mick Chandler, Richard Cordaux, Gaël Cristofari, Jean-Marc Deragon, Pascale Lesage, Didier Mazel, Olivier Panaud, Hadi Quesneville, Chantal Vaury, Cristina Vieira and Clémentine Vitte.

Rapid inactivation of the maize transposable element En/Spm in Medicago truncatula.

PubMed

d'Erfurth, I; Cosson, V; Eschstruth, A; Rippa, S; Messinese, E; Durand, P; Trinh, H; Kondorosi, A; Ratet, P

2003-09-01

Transposable elements have been widely used as mutagens in many organisms. Among them, the maize transposable element En/Spm has been shown to transpose efficiently in several plant species including the model plant Arabidopsis, where it has been used for large-scale mutagenesis. To determine whether we could use this transposon as a mutagen in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula, we tested the activity of the autonomous element, as well as two defective elements, in this plant, and in Arabidopsis as a positive control. In agreement with previous reports, we observed efficient excision of the autonomous En/Spm element in A. thaliana. This element was also active in M. truncatula, but the transposition activity was low and was apparently restricted to the tissue culture step necessary for the production of transgenic plants. The activity of one of the defective transposable elements, dSpm, was very low in A. thaliana and even lower in M. truncatula. The use of different sources of transposases suggested that this defect in transposition was associated with the dSpm element itself. Transposition of the other defective element, I6078, was also detected in M. truncatula, but, as observed with the autonomous element, transposition events were very rare and occurred during tissue culture. These results suggest that the En/Spm element is rapidly inactivated in the regenerated plants and their progeny, and therefore is not suitable for routine insertion mutagenesis in M. truncatula.

Esophageal replacement by gastric transposition: A single surgeon's experience from a tertiary pediatric surgical center.

PubMed

Foster, Jake D; Hall, Nigel J; Keys, S Charles; Burge, David M

2018-06-02

Many pediatric surgeons have limited experience of esophageal replacement. This study reports outcomes of esophageal replacement by gastric transposition performed by a single UK-based pediatric surgeon. Consecutive patients were identified who underwent esophageal replacement by gastric transposition over a 28 year period. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Weight-for-age Z-scores were calculated for esophageal atresia patients. Nineteen patients were identified. Indication in the majority was long-gap esophageal atresia (n = 17; 10 with tracheoesophageal fistula). At surgery, median age was 8.5 months (range 2-55); median weight was 7.4 kg (range 4.0-17.4 kg). A right-sided thoracotomy or transhiatal approach was used. Median postoperative length of stay was 17.5 days (range 7-130); median intensive care stay was three days (range 1-63). There were no deaths. Anastomotic leak rate at 30 days was 10.5% (n = 2). One patient required early stricture dilatation. Median weight-for-age Z-score increased from -2.17 at one year of age to -1.86, -1.70 and -1.93 at 5, 10 and 15 years. Esophageal replacement by gastric transposition offers a potentially life-changing treatment; however, it is associated with significant morbidity. The majority of patients eventually achieve full oral feeding and maintenance of weight gain trajectory. A right-sided approach to the esophagus is feasible. Treatment Study. IV. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expanded Transposition Flap Technique for Total and Subtotal Resurfacing of the Face and Neck

PubMed Central

Spence, Robert J.

2007-01-01

Background: The reconstruction of major burn and other deformities resulting from significant soft tissue deficits of the face and neck is a continuing challenge for surgeons who wish to reliably restore facial function and aesthetic appearance. A primary problem is deficiency of well-matched donor skin. Other problems include the unique characteristics of facial skin, the fine anatomic nuances, and the unique functional demands placed on the face. This article describes an expanded shoulder transposition flap that can provide a large amount of both flap and full-thickness skin graft for total and subtotal reconstruction of the face. Methods: An expanded shoulder transposition flap has been used since 1986 for head and neck resurfacing 58 times in 41 patients ranging in age from 2 to 62 years. The details of the technique and the results of the flap including complications are described. Results: The flap proved remarkably reliable and reproducible in resurfacing the peripheral facial aesthetic units. The pedicle skin is often used for grafting of the central face with its finer features. The donor site of the flap is closed primarily. Conclusions: Twenty years' experience with expanded transposition flaps has shown it to be reliable and versatile in the reconstruction of major soft tissue deficits of the face and neck. It is a technique that provides economy of tissue, versatility, and is well within the skill, patience, and courage of most reconstructive surgeons. PMID:17534420

The functionally conserved nucleoporins Nup124p from fission yeast and the human Nup153 mediate nuclear import and activity of the Tf1 retrotransposon and HIV-1 Vpr.

PubMed

Varadarajan, Padmapriya; Mahalingam, Sundarasamy; Liu, Peiyun; Ng, Sarah Boon Hsi; Gandotra, Sheetal; Dorairajoo, Desmond Suresh Kumar; Balasundaram, David

2005-04-01

We report that the fission yeast nucleoporin Nup124p is required for the nuclear import of both, retrotransposon Tf1-Gag as well as the retroviral HIV-1 Vpr. Failure to import Tf1-Gag into the nucleus in a nup124 null mutant resulted in complete loss of Tf1 transposition. Similarly, nuclear import of HIV-1 Vpr was impaired in nup124 null mutant strains and cells became resistant to Vpr's cell-killing activity. On the basis of protein domain similarity, the human nucleoporin Nup153 was identified as a putative homolog of Nup124p. We demonstrate that in vitro-translated Nup124p and Nup153 coimmunoprecipitate Tf1-Gag or HIV-1 Vpr. Though full-length Nup153 was unable to complement the Tf1 transposition defect in a nup124 null mutant, we provide evidence that both nucleoporins share a unique N-terminal domain, Nup124p(AA264-454) and Nup153(AA448-634) that is absolutely essential for Tf1 transposition. Epigenetic overexpression of this domain in a wild-type (nup124(+)) background blocked Tf1 activity implying that sequences from Nup124p and the human Nup153 challenged the same pathway affecting Tf1 transposition. Our results establish a unique relationship between two analogous nucleoporins Nup124p and Nup153 wherein the function of a common domain in retrotransposition is conserved.

Reconstructive operations for the upper limb after brachial plexus palsy.

PubMed

Rühmann, Oliver; Schmolke, Stephan; Bohnsack, Michael; Carls, Jörg; Flamme, Christian; Wirth, Carl Joachim

2004-07-01

Limited function due to paralysis following brachial plexus lesions can be improved by secondary operations of the bony and soft tissue. Between April 1994 and December 2000, 109 patients suffering from arm-plexus lesions underwent a total of 144 reconstructive operations guided by our concept of integrated therapy. The average age at the time of surgery was 32 years (range: 15-59). The following operations were performed: shoulder arthrodesis (23), trapezius transfer (74), rotation osteotomy of humerus (9), triceps to biceps transposition (9), transposition of forearm flexors or extensors (8), latissimus transfer (7), pectoralis transfer (1), teres major transfer (1), transposition of flexor carpi ulnaris to the tendons of extensor digitorum (10), and wrist arthrodesis (2). Prospectively, in all patients, the grade of muscle power of the affected upper extremity was evaluated prior to surgery. The follow-up period for all 144 operations was, on average, 22 months (range: 6-74). By means of operative measures, almost all patients obtained an improvement of shoulder function (100%) and stability (>90%), elbow flexion (85%), and hand, finger, and thumb (100%). When muscles malfunction after brachial plexus lesions, one should take into account the individual neuromuscular defect, passive joint function, and bony deformities; different procedures such as muscle transpositions, arthrodeses, and corrective osteotomies can then be performed to improve function of the upper extremity. Each form of operative treatment presents patients with certain benefits and all are integrated into a total treatment plan for the affected extremity.

Mobility and generation of mosaic non-autonomous transposons by Tn3-derived inverted-repeat miniature elements (TIMEs).

PubMed

Szuplewska, Magdalena; Ludwiczak, Marta; Lyzwa, Katarzyna; Czarnecki, Jakub; Bartosik, Dariusz

2014-01-01

Functional transposable elements (TEs) of several Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from black shale ore of Lubin mine and from post-flotation tailings of Zelazny Most in Poland, were identified using a positive selection trap plasmid strategy. This approach led to the capture and characterization of (i) 13 insertion sequences from 5 IS families (IS3, IS5, ISL3, IS30 and IS1380), (ii) isoforms of two Tn3-family transposons--Tn5563a and Tn4662a (the latter contains a toxin-antitoxin system), as well as (iii) non-autonomous TEs of diverse structure, ranging in size from 262 to 3892 bp. The non-autonomous elements transposed into AT-rich DNA regions and generated 5- or 6-bp sequence duplications at the target site of transposition. Although these TEs lack a transposase gene, they contain homologous 38-bp-long terminal inverted repeat sequences (IRs), highly conserved in Tn5563a and many other Tn3-family transposons. The simplest elements of this type, designated TIMEs (Tn3 family-derived Inverted-repeat Miniature Elements) (262 bp), were identified within two natural plasmids (pZM1P1 and pLM8P2) of Pseudomonas spp. It was demonstrated that TIMEs are able to mobilize segments of plasmid DNA for transposition, which results in the generation of more complex non-autonomous elements, resembling IS-driven composite transposons in structure. Such transposon-like elements may contain different functional genetic modules in their core regions, including plasmid replication systems. Another non-autonomous element "captured" with a trap plasmid was a TIME derivative containing a predicted resolvase gene and a res site typical for many Tn3-family transposons. The identification of a portable site-specific recombination system is another intriguing example confirming the important role of non-autonomous TEs of the TIME family in shuffling genetic information in bacterial genomes. Transposition of such mosaic elements may have a significant impact on diversity and evolution, not only of transposons and plasmids, but also of other types of mobile genetic elements.

Target sites for the transposition of rat long interspersed repeated DNA elements (LINEs) are not random.

PubMed Central

Furano, A V; Somerville, C C; Tsichlis, P N; D'Ambrosio, E

1986-01-01

The long interspersed repeated DNA family of rats (LINE or L1Rn family) contains about 40,000 6.7-kilobase (kb) long members (1). LINE members may be currently mobile since their presence or absence causes allelic variation at three single copy loci (2, 3): insulin 1, Moloney leukemia virus integration 2 (Mlvi-2) (4), and immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh). To characterize target sites for LINE insertion, we compared the DNA sequences of the unoccupied Mlvi-2 target site, its LINE-containing allele, and several other LINE-containing sites. Although not homologous overall, the target sites share three characteristics: First, depending on the site, they are from 68% to 86% (A+T) compared to 58% (A+T) for total rat DNA (5). Depending on the site, a 7- to 15-bp target site sequence becomes duplicated and flanks the inserted LINE member. The second is a version (0 or 1 mismatch) of the hexanucleotide, TACTCA, which is also present in the LINE member, in a highly conserved region located just before the A-rich right end of the LINE member. The third is a stretch of alternating purine/pyrimidine (PQ). The A-rich right ends of different LINE members vary in length and composition, and the sequence of a particularly long one suggests that it contains the A-rich target site from a previous transposition. PMID:3012480

Dynamics of genome size evolution in birds and mammals.

PubMed

Kapusta, Aurélie; Suh, Alexander; Feschotte, Cédric

2017-02-21

Genome size in mammals and birds shows remarkably little interspecific variation compared with other taxa. However, genome sequencing has revealed that many mammal and bird lineages have experienced differential rates of transposable element (TE) accumulation, which would be predicted to cause substantial variation in genome size between species. Thus, we hypothesize that there has been covariation between the amount of DNA gained by transposition and lost by deletion during mammal and avian evolution, resulting in genome size equilibrium. To test this model, we develop computational methods to quantify the amount of DNA gained by TE expansion and lost by deletion over the last 100 My in the lineages of 10 species of eutherian mammals and 24 species of birds. The results reveal extensive variation in the amount of DNA gained via lineage-specific transposition, but that DNA loss counteracted this expansion to various extents across lineages. Our analysis of the rate and size spectrum of deletion events implies that DNA removal in both mammals and birds has proceeded mostly through large segmental deletions (>10 kb). These findings support a unified "accordion" model of genome size evolution in eukaryotes whereby DNA loss counteracting TE expansion is a major determinant of genome size. Furthermore, we propose that extensive DNA loss, and not necessarily a dearth of TE activity, has been the primary force maintaining the greater genomic compaction of flying birds and bats relative to their flightless relatives.

Supravalvular aortic stenosis after arterial switch operation.

PubMed

Maeda, Takuya; Koide, Masaaki; Kunii, Yoshifumi; Watanabe, Kazumasa; Kanzaki, Tomohito; Ohashi, Yuko

2016-07-01

Supravalvular aortic stenosis as a late complication of transposition of the great arteries is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 14-year-old girl who developed supravalvular aortic stenosis as a late complication of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. The narrowed ascending aorta was replaced with a graft. The right pulmonary artery was transected to approach the ascending aorta which adhered severely to the main pulmonary trunk, and we obtained a good operative field. © The Author(s) 2015.

Bartonella endocarditis with glomerulonephritis in a patient with complete transposition of the great arteries

PubMed Central

Hashemi, Helen; Endicott-Yazdani, Tiana R.; Oguayo, Christopher; Harmon, David M.; Tran, Tuan; Tsai-Nguyen, Ginger; Benavides, Raul; Spak, Cedric W.; Nguyen, Hoang-Lan

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT We describe a patient with history of dextro-transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary valve replacement who presented with fatigue, prolonged fever, and leg edema. He was found to have kidney injury, pancytopenia, and liver congestion. Echocardiogram revealed thickened leaflets with prolapsing vegetation on the pulmonary valve. Given the negative blood cultures, high Bartonella henselae immunogobulin G titer (≥1:1024) and positive immunoglobulin M titer (≥1:20), he was diagnosed with Bartonella endocarditis complicated with glomerulonephritis. PMID:29686571

Bartonella endocarditis with glomerulonephritis in a patient with complete transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Hashemi, Helen; Endicott-Yazdani, Tiana R; Oguayo, Christopher; Harmon, David M; Tran, Tuan; Tsai-Nguyen, Ginger; Benavides, Raul; Spak, Cedric W; Nguyen, Hoang-Lan

2018-01-01

We describe a patient with history of dextro-transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary valve replacement who presented with fatigue, prolonged fever, and leg edema. He was found to have kidney injury, pancytopenia, and liver congestion. Echocardiogram revealed thickened leaflets with prolapsing vegetation on the pulmonary valve. Given the negative blood cultures, high Bartonella henselae immunogobulin G titer (≥1:1024) and positive immunoglobulin M titer (≥1:20), he was diagnosed with Bartonella endocarditis complicated with glomerulonephritis.

3D Printing to Model Surgical Repair of Complex Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

PubMed

Sahayaraj, R Anto; Ramanan, Sowmya; Subramanyan, Raghavan; Cherian, Kotturathu Mammen

2017-01-01

We report the use of three-dimensional (3D) modeling to plan surgery for physiologic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia, dextrocardia, and complex intra cardiac anatomy. Based on measurements made from the 3D printed model of the actual patient's anatomy, we anticipated using a composite valved conduit (Dacron tube graft, decellularized bovine jugular vein, and aortic homograft) to establish left ventricle-to-pulmonary artery continuity with relief of stenosis involving the pulmonary artery confluence and bilateral branch pulmonary arteries.

Orthodontic management of bilateral maxillary canine-first premolar transposition and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: a case report.

PubMed

Di Palma, Elena; Di Giuseppe, Biagio; Tepedino, Michele; Chimenti, Claudio

2015-01-01

Maxillary canine-first premolar transposition (Mx.C.P1) is an uncommon dental positional anomaly that may create many orthodontic problems from both esthetic and functional points of view. In this report we show the orthodontic management of a case of Mx.C.P1 associated with bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and unilateral mandibular second premolar agenesis The patient was treated with a multibracket appliance and the extraction of the lower premolar. treatment was completed without the need for any prosthetic replacement.

Continuous inhaled iloprost in a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

PubMed

Dykes, John C; Torres, Marilyn; Alexander, Plato J

2016-03-01

This report describes the case of a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension stabilised in the post-operative period with continuous iloprost nebulisation. To our knowledge, this is the first documented method of treating post-operative severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with continuous inhaled iloprost in a patient with complex CHD. We found this method of delivering the drug very effective in stabilising haemodynamic swings in the setting of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

[Soft tissue defects treated with perforator flaps].

PubMed

Weum, Sven; de Weerd, Louis; Klein, Steven; Hage, J Joris

2008-01-31

Treatment of soft tissue defects caused by trauma, tumour surgery or pressure sores is a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Although contour and function may be restored by tissue transposition, traditional methods often cause significant donor site morbidity. This article describes how increased understanding of vascular anatomy has led to the development of new techniques. The article is based on textbooks of plastic surgery, selected articles and own clinical experience. Pedicled and free perforator flaps represent the latest development in surgical treatment of soft tissue defects. The use of perforator flaps can considerably reduce the disadvantages that are associated with other surgical methods. The use of perforator flaps demands microsurgical skills, but has many advantages. Reliable vascular supply and a good aesthetical result can be combined with minimal donor site morbidity. In many cases this technique may even give sensibility to the reconstructed area.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albeverio, Sergio; Chen Kai; Fei Shaoming

A necessary separability criterion that relates the structures of the total density matrix and its reductions is given. The method used is based on the realignment method [K. Chen and L. A. Wu, Quant. Inf. Comput. 3, 193 (2003)]. The separability criterion naturally generalizes the reduction separability criterion introduced independently in the previous work [M. Horodecki and P. Horodecki, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4206 (1999) and N. J. Cerf, C. Adami, and R. M. Gingrich, Phys. Rev. A 60, 898 (1999)]. In special cases, it recovers the previous reduction criterion and the recent generalized partial transposition criterion [K. Chen andmore » L. A. Wu, Phys. Lett. A 306, 14 (2002)]. The criterion involves only simple matrix manipulations and can therefore be easily applied.« less

An Epistemological Approach to French Syllabi on Human Origins during the 19th and 20th Centuries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quessada, Marie-Pierre; Clément, Pierre

2007-10-01

This study focuses on how human origins were taught in the French Natural Sciences syllabuses of the 19th and 20th centuries. We evaluate the interval between the publication of scientific concepts and their emergence in syllabuses, i.e., didactic transposition delay (DTD), to determine how long it took for scientific findings pertaining to our topic to be introduced in teaching. Conceptions were categorised into four successive periods, each of which lasted approximately half a century. We showed that the DTD on human origins was influenced in each period by the conceptions of the curriculum developers, by the educational system and, more generally, by the socio-political context.

Amplification of the 1731 LTR retrotransposon in Drosophila melanogaster cultured cells: origin of neocopies and impact on the genome.

PubMed

Maisonhaute, Claude; Ogereau, David; Hua-Van, Aurélie; Capy, Pierre

2007-05-15

Transposable elements (TEs), represent a large fraction of the eukaryotic genome. In Drosophila melanogaster, about 20% of the genome corresponds to such middle repetitive DNA dispersed sequences. A fraction of TEs is composed of elements showing a retrovirus-like structure, the LTR-retrotransposons, the first TEs to be described in the Drosophila genome. Interestingly, in D. melanogaster embryonic immortal cell culture genomes the copy number of these LTR-retrotransposons was revealed to be higher than the copy number in the Drosophila genome, presumably as the result of transposition of some copies to new genomic locations [Potter, S.S., Brorein Jr., W.J., Dunsmuir, P., Rubin, G.M., 1979. Transposition of elements of the 412, copia and 297 dispersed repeated gene families in Drosophila. Cell 17, 415-427; Junakovic, N., Di Franco, C., Best-Belpomme, M., Echalier, G., 1988. On the transposition of copia-like nomadic elements in cultured Drosophila cells. Chromosoma 97, 212-218]. This suggests that so many transpositions modified the genome organisation and consequently the expression of targeted genes. To understand what has directed the transposition of TEs in Drosophila cell culture genomes, a search to identify the newly transposed copies was undertaken using 1731, a LTR-retrotransposon. A comparison between 1731 full-length elements found in the fly sequenced genome (y(1); cn(1)bw(1), sp(1) stock) and 1731 full-length elements amplified by PCR in the two cell line was done. The resulting data provide evidence that all 1731 neocopies were derived from a single copy slightly active in the Drosophila genome and subsequently strongly activated in cultured cells; and that this active copy is related to a newly evolved genomic variant (Kalmykova, A.I., et al., 2004. Selective expansion of the newly evolved genomic variants of retrotransposon 1731 in the Drosophila genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 2281-2289). Moreover, neocopies are shown to be inserted in different sets of genes in the two cell lines suggesting they might be involved in the biological and physiological differences observed between Kc and S2 cell lines.

Comparison of augmented and nonaugmented modified Knapp procedure for the treatment of nonrestrictive double elevator palsies.

PubMed

Li, YuePing; Sun, LiLi; Zhang, Wei; Zhao, KanXing

2016-10-01

To compare surgical results of augmented and nonaugmented modified Knapp procedure, for the treatment of nonrestrictive double elevator palsies (DEP). The medical records of patients with congenital DEP were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into three treatment groups: standard transposition (group A), Foster transposition (group B), and resection transposition (group C). Pre- and postoperative vertical deviation in primary position, ocular motility, and binocular vision were compared. Thirty patients were enrolled. The pre- and postoperative deviations in group A were 34.7 Δ ± 8.6 Δ and 6.5 Δ ± 6.5 Δ ; in group B, 38.6 Δ ± 14.6 Δ and 5.7 Δ ± 9.3 Δ ; and in group C, 43.1 Δ ± 10.3 Δ and 8.5 Δ ± 6.1 Δ . The corrected vertical deviation of group B (32.9 Δ  ± 5.7 Δ ) and group C (34.6 Δ  ± 5.0 Δ ) were greater than that of group A (28.1 Δ  ± 3.6 Δ ; P = 0.03, 0.002). The pre- and postoperative measures of upgaze in group A were -3.7 and -1.8; in group B, -4.0 and -1.3; and in group C, -3.6 and -2.0. The average improved upgaze in group B (2.6 ± 0.5) was statistically significantly better than that in group A (1.9 ± 0.6) and group C (1.5 ± 0.5; P = 0.03, 0.002). There was no significant difference in the surgical effect on downgaze in three groups (P > 0.05). The surgical outcome was satisfactory in 19 (63.3%) patients with preoperative vertical devation of ≤40 Δ . All transpositions are reasonably effective in treating vertical deviations of <35 Δ without obviously limiting downgaze in DEP. Augmented procedures could correct greater vertical deviation of 30 Δ -40 Δ . The Foster transposition demonstrates the strongest effect in improving upgaze. Copyright © 2016 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Miniature Transposable Sequences Are Frequently Mobilized in the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

PubMed Central

Bardaji, Leire; Añorga, Maite; Jackson, Robert W.; Martínez-Bilbao, Alejandro; Yanguas-Casás, Natalia; Murillo, Jesús

2011-01-01

Mobile genetic elements are widespread in Pseudomonas syringae, and often associate with virulence genes. Genome reannotation of the model bean pathogen P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A identified seventeen types of insertion sequences and two miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) with a biased distribution, representing 2.8% of the chromosome, 25.8% of the 132-kb virulence plasmid and 2.7% of the 52-kb plasmid. Employing an entrapment vector containing sacB, we estimated that transposition frequency oscillated between 2.6×10−5 and 1.1×10−6, depending on the clone, although it was stable for each clone after consecutive transfers in culture media. Transposition frequency was similar for bacteria grown in rich or minimal media, and from cells recovered from compatible and incompatible plant hosts, indicating that growth conditions do not influence transposition in strain 1448A. Most of the entrapped insertions contained a full-length IS801 element, with the remaining insertions corresponding to sequences smaller than any transposable element identified in strain 1448A, and collectively identified as miniature sequences. From these, fragments of 229, 360 and 679-nt of the right end of IS801 ended in a consensus tetranucleotide and likely resulted from one-ended transposition of IS801. An average 0.7% of the insertions analyzed consisted of IS801 carrying a fragment of variable size from gene PSPPH_0008/PSPPH_0017, showing that IS801 can mobilize DNA in vivo. Retrospective analysis of complete plasmids and genomes of P. syringae suggests, however, that most fragments of IS801 are likely the result of reorganizations rather than one-ended transpositions, and that this element might preferentially contribute to genome flexibility by generating homologous regions of recombination. A further miniature sequence previously found to affect host range specificity and virulence, designated MITEPsy1 (100-nt), represented an average 2.4% of the total number of insertions entrapped in sacB, demonstrating for the first time the mobilization of a MITE in bacteria. PMID:22016774

Miniature transposable sequences are frequently mobilized in the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.

PubMed

Bardaji, Leire; Añorga, Maite; Jackson, Robert W; Martínez-Bilbao, Alejandro; Yanguas-Casás, Natalia; Murillo, Jesús

2011-01-01

Mobile genetic elements are widespread in Pseudomonas syringae, and often associate with virulence genes. Genome reannotation of the model bean pathogen P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A identified seventeen types of insertion sequences and two miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) with a biased distribution, representing 2.8% of the chromosome, 25.8% of the 132-kb virulence plasmid and 2.7% of the 52-kb plasmid. Employing an entrapment vector containing sacB, we estimated that transposition frequency oscillated between 2.6×10(-5) and 1.1×10(-6), depending on the clone, although it was stable for each clone after consecutive transfers in culture media. Transposition frequency was similar for bacteria grown in rich or minimal media, and from cells recovered from compatible and incompatible plant hosts, indicating that growth conditions do not influence transposition in strain 1448A. Most of the entrapped insertions contained a full-length IS801 element, with the remaining insertions corresponding to sequences smaller than any transposable element identified in strain 1448A, and collectively identified as miniature sequences. From these, fragments of 229, 360 and 679-nt of the right end of IS801 ended in a consensus tetranucleotide and likely resulted from one-ended transposition of IS801. An average 0.7% of the insertions analyzed consisted of IS801 carrying a fragment of variable size from gene PSPPH_0008/PSPPH_0017, showing that IS801 can mobilize DNA in vivo. Retrospective analysis of complete plasmids and genomes of P. syringae suggests, however, that most fragments of IS801 are likely the result of reorganizations rather than one-ended transpositions, and that this element might preferentially contribute to genome flexibility by generating homologous regions of recombination. A further miniature sequence previously found to affect host range specificity and virulence, designated MITEPsy1 (100-nt), represented an average 2.4% of the total number of insertions entrapped in sacB, demonstrating for the first time the mobilization of a MITE in bacteria.

Comparison of systemic right ventricular function in transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Morcos, Michael; Kilner, Philip J; Sahn, David J; Litt, Harold I; Valsangiacomo-Buechel, Emanuela R; Sheehan, Florence H

2017-12-01

In patients with transposition of the great arteries corrected by interatrial baffle (TGA) and those with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) the right ventricle (RV) is subjected to systemic pressure and fails prematurely. Previous studies have demonstrated RV dysfunction may be more pronounced in patients with TGA. The present study sought to compare patients with TGA and ccTGA using three-dimensional (3D) techniques to comprehensively analyze the shape, volume, global and regional function in the systemic RV. We compared RV size, shape, and regional and global function in 25 patients with TGA, 17 patients with ccTGA, and 9 normal subjects. The RVs were reconstructed from cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images for 3D analyses. Compared to normal, the RV in TGA and ccTGA was dilated, rounded, and reduced in function. Compared to each other, TGA and ccTGA patients had similar RV size and shape. Global RV function was lower in TGA than ccTGA when assessed from ejection fraction (EF) (30 ± 7 vs. 35 ± 7, p = 0.02) and from normalized tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion (TAPSE) (0.10 ± 0.04 vs. 0.18 ± 0.04, p < 0.01). Basilar RV function was poorer in the TGA patients when compared to ccTGA. The systemic RVs in both TGA and ccTGA are dilated, spherical, and poorly functioning. Compared to ccTGA, TGA RVs have reduced TAPSE and worse basilar hypokinesis.

Ductal stenting retrains the left ventricle in transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum.

PubMed

Sivakumar, Kothandam; Francis, Edwin; Krishnan, Prasad; Shahani, Jagdish

2006-11-01

In late presenters with transposition of the great arteries, intact ventricular septum, and regressing left ventricle, left ventricular retraining by pulmonary artery banding and aortopulmonary shunt is characterized by a stormy postoperative course and high costs. Ductal stenting in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is conceptualized to retrain the left ventricle with less morbidity. Recanalization and transcatheter stenting of patent ductus arteriosus was performed in patients with transposition to induce pressure and volume overload to the regressing left ventricle. Serial echocardiographic monitoring of left ventricular shape, mass, free wall thickness, and volumes was done, and once the left ventricle was adequately prepared, an arterial switch was performed. The ductal stent was removed and the remaining surgical steps were similar to a 1-stage arterial switch operation. Postoperative course, need for inotropic agents, and left ventricular function were monitored. Ductal stenting in 2 patients aged 3 months resulted in improvement of indexed left ventricular mass from 18.9 to 108.5 g/m2, left ventricular free wall thickness from 2.5 to 4.8 mm, and indexed left ventricular volumes from 7.6 to 29.5 mL/m2 within 3 weeks. Both patients underwent arterial switch (bypass times 125 and 158 minutes) uneventfully, needed inotropic agents and ventilatory support for 3 days, and were discharged in 8 and 10 days. Ductal stenting is a less morbid method of left ventricular retraining in transposition of the great arteries with regressed left ventricle. Its major advantages lie in avoiding pulmonary artery distortion and neoaortic valve regurgitation resulting from banding and also in avoiding thoracotomy.

Hybrid endovascular repair in aortic arch pathologies: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Ma, Xiaohui; Guo, Wei; Liu, Xiaoping; Yin, Tai; Jia, Xin; Xiong, Jiang; Zhang, Hongpeng; Wang, Lijun

2010-11-18

The aortic arch presents specific challenges to endovascular repair. Hybrid repair is increasingly evolving as an alternative option for selected patients, and promising initial results have been reported. The aim of this study was to introduce our experiences and evaluate mid-term results of supra aortic transpositions for extended endovascular repair of aortic arch pathologies. From December 2002 to January 2008, 25 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections involving the aortic arch were treated with hybrid endovascular treatment in our center. Of the 25 cases, 14 were atherosclerotic thoracic aortic aneurysms and 11 were thoracic aortic dissection. The hybrid repair method included total-arch transpositions (15 cases) or hemi-arch transpositions (10 cases), and endovascular procedures. All hybrid endovascular procedures were completed successfully. Three early residual type-I endoleaks and one type-II endoleak were observed. Stroke occurred in three patients (8%) during the in-hospital stage. The perioperative mortality rate was 4%; one patients died post-operatively from catheter related complications. The average follow-up period was 15 ± 5.8 months (range, 1-41 months). The overall crude survival rate at 15 months was 92% (23/25). During follow-up, new late endoleaks and stent-raft related complications were not observed. One case (4%) developed a unilateral lower limb deficit at 17 days and was readmitted to hospital. In conclusion, the results are encouraging for endovascular aortic arch repair in combination with supra-aortic transposition in high risk cases. Aortic endografting offers good mid-term results. Mid-term results of the hybrid approach in elderly patients with aortic arch pathologies are satisfying.

The Functionally Conserved Nucleoporins Nup124p from Fission Yeast and the Human Nup153 Mediate Nuclear Import and Activity of the Tf1 Retrotransposon and HIV-1 VprV⃞

PubMed Central

Varadarajan, Padmapriya; Mahalingam, Sundarasamy; Liu, Peiyun; Ng, Sarah Boon Hsi; Gandotra, Sheetal; Dorairajoo, Desmond Suresh Kumar; Balasundaram, David

2005-01-01

We report that the fission yeast nucleoporin Nup124p is required for the nuclear import of both, retrotransposon Tf1-Gag as well as the retroviral HIV-1 Vpr. Failure to import Tf1-Gag into the nucleus in a nup124 null mutant resulted in complete loss of Tf1 transposition. Similarly, nuclear import of HIV-1 Vpr was impaired in nup124 null mutant strains and cells became resistant to Vpr's cell-killing activity. On the basis of protein domain similarity, the human nucleoporin Nup153 was identified as a putative homolog of Nup124p. We demonstrate that in vitro–translated Nup124p and Nup153 coimmunoprecipitate Tf1-Gag or HIV-1 Vpr. Though full-length Nup153 was unable to complement the Tf1 transposition defect in a nup124 null mutant, we provide evidence that both nucleoporins share a unique N-terminal domain, Nup124pAA264–454 and Nup153AA448–634 that is absolutely essential for Tf1 transposition. Epigenetic overexpression of this domain in a wild-type (nup124+) background blocked Tf1 activity implying that sequences from Nup124p and the human Nup153 challenged the same pathway affecting Tf1 transposition. Our results establish a unique relationship between two analogous nucleoporins Nup124p and Nup153 wherein the function of a common domain in retrotransposition is conserved. PMID:15659641

Genomic Rearrangements in Arabidopsis Considered as Quantitative Traits.

PubMed

Imprialou, Martha; Kahles, André; Steffen, Joshua G; Osborne, Edward J; Gan, Xiangchao; Lempe, Janne; Bhomra, Amarjit; Belfield, Eric; Visscher, Anne; Greenhalgh, Robert; Harberd, Nicholas P; Goram, Richard; Hein, Jotun; Robert-Seilaniantz, Alexandre; Jones, Jonathan; Stegle, Oliver; Kover, Paula; Tsiantis, Miltos; Nordborg, Magnus; Rätsch, Gunnar; Clark, Richard M; Mott, Richard

2017-04-01

To understand the population genetics of structural variants and their effects on phenotypes, we developed an approach to mapping structural variants that segregate in a population sequenced at low coverage. We avoid calling structural variants directly. Instead, the evidence for a potential structural variant at a locus is indicated by variation in the counts of short-reads that map anomalously to that locus. These structural variant traits are treated as quantitative traits and mapped genetically, analogously to a gene expression study. Association between a structural variant trait at one locus, and genotypes at a distant locus indicate the origin and target of a transposition. Using ultra-low-coverage (0.3×) population sequence data from 488 recombinant inbred Arabidopsis thaliana genomes, we identified 6502 segregating structural variants. Remarkably, 25% of these were transpositions. While many structural variants cannot be delineated precisely, we validated 83% of 44 predicted transposition breakpoints by polymerase chain reaction. We show that specific structural variants may be causative for quantitative trait loci for germination and resistance to infection by the fungus Albugo laibachii , isolate Nc14. Further we show that the phenotypic heritability attributable to read-mapping anomalies differs from, and, in the case of time to germination and bolting, exceeds that due to standard genetic variation. Genes within structural variants are also more likely to be silenced or dysregulated. This approach complements the prevalent strategy of structural variant discovery in fewer individuals sequenced at high coverage. It is generally applicable to large populations sequenced at low-coverage, and is particularly suited to mapping transpositions. Copyright © 2017 by the Genetics Society of America.

Riboregulation of bacterial and archaeal transposition.

PubMed

Ellis, Michael J; Haniford, David B

2016-05-01

The coexistence of transposons with their hosts depends largely on transposition levels being tightly regulated to limit the mutagenic burden associated with frequent transposition. For 'DNA-based' (class II) bacterial transposons there is growing evidence that regulation through small noncoding RNAs and/or the RNA-binding protein Hfq are prominent mechanisms of defense against transposition. Recent transcriptomics analyses have identified many new cases of antisense RNAs (asRNA) that potentially could regulate the expression of transposon-encoded genes giving the impression that asRNA regulation of DNA-based transposons is much more frequent than previously thought. Hfq is a highly conserved bacterial protein that plays a central role in posttranscriptional gene regulation and stress response pathways in many bacteria. Three different mechanisms for Hfq-directed control of bacterial transposons have been identified to date highlighting the versatility of this protein as a regulator of bacterial transposons. There is also evidence emerging that some DNA-based transposons encode RNAs that could regulate expression of host genes. In the case of IS200, which appears to have lost its ability to transpose, contributing a regulatory RNA to its host could account for the persistence of this mobile element in a wide range of bacterial species. It remains to be seen how prevalent these transposon-encoded RNA regulators are, but given the relatively large amount of intragenic transcription in bacterial genomes, it would not be surprising if new examples are forthcoming. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:382-398. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1341 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

IHF-independent assembly of the Tn10 strand transfer transpososome: implications for inhibition of disintegration.

PubMed

Stewart, Barry J; Wardle, Simon J; Haniford, David B

2002-08-15

The frequency of DNA transposition in transposition systems that employ a strand transfer step may be significantly affected by the occurrence of a disintegration reaction, a reaction that reverses the strand transfer event. We have asked whether disintegration occurs in the Tn10 transposition system. We show that disintegration substrates (substrates constituting one half of the strand transfer product) are assembled into a transpososome that mimics the strand transfer intermediate. This strand transfer transpososome (STT) does appear to support an intermolecular disintegration reaction, but only at a very low level. Strikingly, assembly of the STT is not dependent on IHF, a host protein that is required for de novo assembly of all previously characterized Tn10 transpososomes. We suggest that disintegration substrates are able to form both transposon end and target type contacts with transposase because of their enhanced conformational flexibility. This probably allows the conformation of DNA within the complex that prevents the destructive disintegration reaction, and is responsible for relaxing the DNA sequence requirements for STT formation relative to other Tn10 transpososomes.

IHF-independent assembly of the Tn10 strand transfer transpososome: implications for inhibition of disintegration

PubMed Central

Stewart, Barry J.; Wardle, Simon J.; Haniford, David B.

2002-01-01

The frequency of DNA transposition in transposition systems that employ a strand transfer step may be significantly affected by the occurrence of a disintegration reaction, a reaction that reverses the strand transfer event. We have asked whether disintegration occurs in the Tn10 transposition system. We show that disintegration substrates (substrates constituting one half of the strand transfer product) are assembled into a transpososome that mimics the strand transfer intermediate. This strand transfer transpososome (STT) does appear to support an intermolecular disintegration reaction, but only at a very low level. Strikingly, assembly of the STT is not dependent on IHF, a host protein that is required for de novo assembly of all previously characterized Tn10 transpososomes. We suggest that disintegration substrates are able to form both transposon end and target type contacts with transposase because of their enhanced conformational flexibility. This probably allows the conformation of DNA within the complex that prevents the destructive disintegration reaction, and is responsible for relaxing the DNA sequence requirements for STT formation relative to other Tn10 transpososomes. PMID:12169640

[Primary, single-stage arterial switch operations at a newly-established, comprehensive congenital cardiac center performed in the neonatal age and beyond].

PubMed

Király, László; Tamás, Csaba

2015-06-21

Outcome of arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with/without ventricular septal defect is a service key-performance-indicator. The aim of the authors was to assess patient characteristics and parameters in the perioperative course. In the setting of a newly-established, comprehensive tertiary-care center, primary complete repair was performed including associated anomalies, e.g. transverse arch repairs. Patients with d-transposition were grouped according to coexistence of ventricular septal defect. 118 arterial switch operations were performed between 2007 and 2014 with 96.62% survival (114/118). Ventricular septal defect and repair of associated anomalies did not yield worse outcome. Left ventricular re-training with late presentation necessitated mechanical circulatory support for 4.5±1.5 days. D-transposition is suitable for standardization of clinical algorithm and surgical technique. Quality standards contribute to excellent outcomes, minimize complications, and serve as blueprint for other neonatal open-heart procedures. Availability of mechanical circulatory support is key for single-stage left ventricular re-training beyond the neonatal period.

Surgical management of strabismus after rupture of the inferior rectus muscle.

PubMed

Paysse, E A; Saunders, R A; Coats, D K

2000-06-01

Rupture of an inferior rectus muscle is an uncommon problem. The resulting absence of infraduction and large hypertropia that result when the muscle cannot be repaired are challenging to manage surgically. We treated 2 patients who had traumatic rupture of the inferior rectus muscle. Both patients underwent an inferior transposition of the inferior halves of the medial and lateral rectus muscles without disinsertion (modified Jensen transposition procedure). Both patients had a persistent small overcorrection in the primary gaze position. One patient was treated with a second strabismus surgery consisting of a recession of the contralateral superior rectus muscle; the other was treated with prism glasses. Both achieved restoration of depression to approximately 40 degrees and single binocular vision in the primary position at distance, near, and in the reading position. This modified Jensen transposition procedure of the horizontal rectus muscles appears to be highly effective in the treatment of the hypertropia and infraduction deficit produced by rupture of the inferior rectus muscle. It also appears to be suitable for use in situations when other rectus muscles are absent or unavailable for surgical manipulation.

MCMC genome rearrangement.

PubMed

Miklós, István

2003-10-01

As more and more genomes have been sequenced, genomic data is rapidly accumulating. Genome-wide mutations are believed more neutral than local mutations such as substitutions, insertions and deletions, therefore phylogenetic investigations based on inversions, transpositions and inverted transpositions are less biased by the hypothesis on neutral evolution. Although efficient algorithms exist for obtaining the inversion distance of two signed permutations, there is no reliable algorithm when both inversions and transpositions are considered. Moreover, different type of mutations happen with different rates, and it is not clear how to weight them in a distance based approach. We introduce a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to genome rearrangement based on a stochastic model of evolution, which can estimate the number of different evolutionary events needed to sort a signed permutation. The performance of the method was tested on simulated data, and the estimated numbers of different types of mutations were reliable. Human and Drosophila mitochondrial data were also analysed with the new method. The mixing time of the Markov Chain is short both in terms of CPU times and number of proposals. The source code in C is available on request from the author.

Inversions and inverted transpositions as the basis for an almost universal "format" of genome sequences.

PubMed

Albrecht-Buehler, Guenter

2007-09-01

In genome duplexes that exceed 100 kb the frequency distributions of their trinucleotides (triplet profiles) are the same in both strands. This remarkable symmetry, sometimes called Chargaff's second parity rule, is not the result of base pairing, but can be explained as the result of countless inversions and inverted transpositions that occurred throughout evolution (G. Albrecht-Buehler, 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 17828-17833). Furthermore, comparing the triplet profiles of genomes from a large number of different taxa and species revealed that they were not only strand-symmetrical, but even surprisingly similar to one another (majority profile; G. Albrecht-Buehler, 2007, Genomics 89, 596-601). The present article proposes that the same inversion/transposition mechanism(s) that created the strand symmetry may also explain the existence of the majority profile. Thus they may be key factors in the creation of an almost universal "format" in which genome sequences are written. One may speculate that this universality of genome format may facilitate horizontal gene transfer and, thus, accelerate evolution.

In vitro fertilization surrogate pregnancy in a patient who underwent radical hysterectomy followed by ovarian transposition, lower abdominal wall radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

PubMed

Steigrad, Stephen; Hacker, Neville F; Kolb, Bradford

2005-05-01

To describe an IVF surrogate pregnancy from a patient who had a radical hysterectomy followed by excision of a laparoscopic port site implantation with ovarian transposition followed by abdominal wall irradiation and chemotherapy, which resulted in premature ovarian failure from which there was partial recovery. Case report. Tertiary referral university women's hospital in Sydney, Australia and private reproductive medicine clinic in California. A 34-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain, shortly afterward followed by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, who subsequently developed a laparoscopic port site recurrence, which was excised in association with ovarian transposition before abdominal wall irradiation and chemotherapy. Modified IVF treatment, transabdominal oocyte retrieval, embryo cryopreservation in Australia, and transfer to a surrogate mother in the United States. Pregnancy. Miscarriage in the second cycle and a twin pregnancy in the fourth cycle. This is the first case report of ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval performed on transposed ovaries after a patient developed premature ovarian failure after radiotherapy and chemotherapy with subsequent partial ovarian recovery.

Flail Tricuspid Valve in an Adult Patient with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

PubMed

Meloni, Luigi; Abbruzzese, Piero A.; Pirisi, Raimondo; Cherchi, Angelo

1997-01-01

We describe a case of a 50-year-old woman with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, in whom severe left-sided tricuspid (systemic atrioventricular) valve insufficiency was the only associated anomaly. The tricuspid valve was dysplastic and abnormally oriented toward the interventricular septum, without the downward displacement of Ebstein's anomaly. The mechanism of atrioventricular regurgitation was unusual in that it consisted of the rupture of chordae tendineae of both the anterior and septal leaflets. The left-sided tricuspid valve was replaced with a St. Jude prosthesis and the postoperative course was uneventful.

Homeland security in the C. elegans germ line: insights into the biogenesis and function of piRNAs.

PubMed

Kasper, Dionna M; Gardner, Kathryn E; Reinke, Valerie

2014-01-01

While most eukaryotic genomes contain transposable elements that can provide select evolutionary advantages to a given organism, failure to tightly control the mobility of such transposable elements can result in compromised genomic integrity of both parental and subsequent generations. Together with the Piwi subfamily of Argonaute proteins, small, non-coding Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) primarily function in the germ line to defend the genome against the potentially deleterious effects that can be caused by transposition. Here, we describe recent discoveries concerning the biogenesis and function of piRNAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, illuminating how the faithful production of these mature species can impart a robust defense mechanism for the germ line to counteract problems caused by foreign genetic elements across successive generations by contributing to the epigenetic memory of non-self vs. self.

Analysis of piRNA-mediated silencing of active TEs in Drosophila melanogaster suggests limits on the evolution of host genome defense.

PubMed

Kelleher, Erin S; Barbash, Daniel A

2013-08-01

The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends animal genomes against the harmful consequences of transposable element (TE) infection by imposing small-RNA-mediated silencing. Because silencing is targeted by TE-derived piRNAs, piRNA production is posited to be central to the evolution of genome defense. We harnessed genomic data sets from Drosophila melanogaster, including genome-wide measures of piRNA, mRNA, and genomic abundance, along with estimates of age structure and risk of ectopic recombination, to address fundamental questions about the functional and evolutionary relationships between TE families and their regulatory piRNAs. We demonstrate that mRNA transcript abundance, robustness of "ping-pong" amplification, and representation in piRNA clusters together explain the majority of variation in piRNA abundance between TE families, providing the first robust statistical support for the prevailing model of piRNA biogenesis. Intriguingly, we also discover that the most transpositionally active TE families, with the greatest capacity to induce harmful mutations or disrupt gametogenesis, are not necessarily the most abundant among piRNAs. Rather, the level of piRNA targeting is largely independent of recent transposition rate for active TE families, but is rapidly lost for inactive TEs. These observations are consistent with population genetic theory that suggests a limited selective advantage for host repression of transposition. Additionally, we find no evidence that piRNA targeting responds to selection against a second major cost of TE infection: ectopic recombination between TE insertions. Our observations confirm the pivotal role of piRNA-mediated silencing in defending the genome against selfish transposition, yet also suggest limits to the optimization of host genome defense.

Cubital tunnel syndrome: comparative results of a multicenter study of 4 surgical techniques with a mean follow-up of 92 months.

PubMed

Bacle, G; Marteau, E; Freslon, M; Desmoineaux, P; Saint-Cast, Y; Lancigu, R; Kerjean, Y; Vernet, E; Fournier, J; Corcia, P; Le Nen, D; Rabarin, F; Laulan, J

2014-06-01

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most frequent entrapment syndrome. Physiopathology is mixed, and treatment options are multiple, none having yet proved superior efficacy. The present retrospective multicenter study compared results and rates of complications and recurrence between the 4 main cubital tunnel syndrome treatments, to identify trends and optimize outcome. Patients presenting with primary clinical cubital tunnel syndrome diagnosed on electroneuromyography were included and operated on using 1 of the following 4 techniques: open or endoscopic in situ decompression, or subcutaneous or submuscular anterior transposition. Four specialized upper-limb surgery centers participated, each systematically performing 1 of the above procedures. Subjective and objective results and rates of complications and recurrence were compared at end of follow-up. Five hundred and two patients were included and 375 followed up for a mean 92 months (range, 9-144 months); 103 were lost to follow-up and 24 died. Whichever the procedure, more than 90% of patients were cured or showed improvement. There was a single case of scar pain at end of follow-up, managed by endoscopic decompression; there were no other long-term complications. None of the 4 techniques aggravated symptoms. There were 6 recurrences by end of follow-up: 1 associated with open in situ decompression and 5 with submuscular transposition. Surgery was effective in treating cubital tunnel syndrome. Submuscular anterior transposition was associated with recurrence. In contrast to literature reports, subcutaneous anterior transposition, which is a reliable and valid technique, was not associated with a higher complication rate than in situ decompression. Level IV. Multicenter retrospective. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Comparison of the dental anomalies found in maxillary canine-first premolar transposition cases with those in palatally displaced canine cases.

PubMed

Scerri, Erica Sultana; McDonald, Fraser; Camilleri, Simon

2016-02-01

To compare the developmental dental anomalies associated with maxillary canine-first premolar (MxCP1) transposition and those of palatally displaced canine (PDC) with each other and with the background prevalence in the Maltese population in order to elucidate whether the two conditions have similar or differing genetic backgrounds. Dental records of 477 subjects with PDC, 57 subjects with MxCP1, and a control group of 500 subjects with no history of a PDC or tooth transposition were compared for canine eruption anomalies and hypodontia. A high frequency of bilateral occurrence was present for both canine malpositions and when unilateral, a trend to right-sided occurrence was evident. The occurrence of transpositions in the PDC group and of PDC in the MxCP1 group was higher than expected. The prevalence of incisor hypodontia was significantly higher in subjects with PDC and MxCP1, as compared to the control group. The size of the MxCP1 group is relatively small. The study population is a small isolated Caucasian population and the results may not be applicable to other populations. There is no significant difference between the MxCP1 and PDC groups in the prevalence or distribution of hypodontia and each of these groups exhibits a higher prevalence of the other canine anomaly. These findings support the theory that PDC and MxCP1 form part of a group of interrelated dental anomalies that share a common genetic basis. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Character Decomposition and Transposition Processes in Chinese Compound Words Modulates Attentional Blink.

PubMed

Cao, Hongwen; Gao, Min; Yan, Hongmei

2016-01-01

The attentional blink (AB) is the phenomenon in which the identification of the second of two targets (T2) is attenuated if it is presented less than 500 ms after the first target (T1). Although the AB is eliminated in canonical word conditions, it remains unclear whether the character order in compound words affects the magnitude of the AB. Morpheme decomposition and transposition of Chinese two-character compound words can provide an effective means to examine AB priming and to assess combinations of the component representations inherent to visual word identification. In the present study, we examined the processing of consecutive targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm using Chinese two-character compound words in which the two characters were transposed to form meaningful words or meaningless combinations (reversible, transposed, or canonical words). We found that when two Chinese characters that form a compound word, regardless of their order, are presented in an RSVP sequence, the likelihood of an AB for the second character is greatly reduced or eliminated compared to when the two characters constitute separate words rather than a compound word. Moreover, the order of the report for the two characters is more likely to be reversed when the normal order of the two characters in a compound word is reversed, especially when the interval between the presentation of the two characters is extremely short. These findings are more consistent with the cognitive strategy hypothesis than the resource-limited hypothesis during character decomposition and transposition of Chinese two-character compound words. These results suggest that compound characters are perceived as a unit, rather than two separate words. The data further suggest that readers could easily understand the text with character transpositions in compound words during Chinese reading.

Dynamics of genome size evolution in birds and mammals

PubMed Central

Feschotte, Cédric

2017-01-01

Genome size in mammals and birds shows remarkably little interspecific variation compared with other taxa. However, genome sequencing has revealed that many mammal and bird lineages have experienced differential rates of transposable element (TE) accumulation, which would be predicted to cause substantial variation in genome size between species. Thus, we hypothesize that there has been covariation between the amount of DNA gained by transposition and lost by deletion during mammal and avian evolution, resulting in genome size equilibrium. To test this model, we develop computational methods to quantify the amount of DNA gained by TE expansion and lost by deletion over the last 100 My in the lineages of 10 species of eutherian mammals and 24 species of birds. The results reveal extensive variation in the amount of DNA gained via lineage-specific transposition, but that DNA loss counteracted this expansion to various extents across lineages. Our analysis of the rate and size spectrum of deletion events implies that DNA removal in both mammals and birds has proceeded mostly through large segmental deletions (>10 kb). These findings support a unified “accordion” model of genome size evolution in eukaryotes whereby DNA loss counteracting TE expansion is a major determinant of genome size. Furthermore, we propose that extensive DNA loss, and not necessarily a dearth of TE activity, has been the primary force maintaining the greater genomic compaction of flying birds and bats relative to their flightless relatives. PMID:28179571

Meeting report for mobile DNA 2010.

PubMed

Chaconas, George; Craig, Nancy; Curcio, M Joan; Deininger, Prescott; Feschotte, Cedric; Levin, Henry; Rice, Phoebe A; Voytas, Daniel F

2010-08-24

An international conference on mobile DNA was held 24-28 April 2010 in Montreal, Canada. Sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology, the conference's goal was to bring together researchers from around the world who study transposition in diverse organisms using multiple experimental approaches. The meeting drew over 190 attendees and most contributed through poster presentations, invited talks and short talks selected from poster abstracts. The talks were organized into eight scientific sessions, which ranged in topic from the evolutionary dynamics of mobile genetic elements to transposition reaction mechanisms. Here we present highlights from the platform sessions with a focus on talks presented by the invited speakers.

[Surrogate mothers and ovarian transposition: two attitudes to be considered in young women with cervical carcinoma. A case report].

PubMed

Giacalone, P L; Sobierajksi, J; Benos, P; Giovannini, N; Laffargue, F; Hédon, B

2003-02-01

In cases of cervical cancer, there are 2 major advantages to preserving the ovaries, with or without transposition: hormone function is maintained during subsequent cancer treatment and patient quality of life is improved. We report the first case of pregnancy in a surrogate mother following stimulation of a transposed ovary before irradiation and chemotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Because of the wide dissemination of information on the technical progress in this area, patients are now in a position to make therapeutic choices that are no longer guided by strictly medical considerations.

Mobility of the maize suppressor-mutator element in transgenic tobacco cells.

PubMed Central

Masson, P; Fedoroff, N V

1989-01-01

Maize Suppressor-mutator (Spm) transposable elements have been introduced into tobacco cells and a visual assay for Spm activity has been developed using a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene. The Spm element is mobile in tobacco and can trans-activate excision of a transposition-defective Spm (dSpm) element either from a different site on the same transforming Ti plasmid or from a second plasmid. An Spm element expressed from the stronger cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter trans-activates transposition of a dSpm element earlier after its introduction into tobacco cells than an element expressed from its own promoter. Images PMID:2538837

Compressive Neuropathy of the Ulnar Nerve: A Perspective on History and Current Controversies.

PubMed

Eberlin, Kyle R; Marjoua, Youssra; Jupiter, Jesse B

2017-06-01

The untoward effects resulting from compression of the ulnar nerve have been recognized for almost 2 centuries. Initial treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome focused on complete transection of the nerve at the level of the elbow, resulting in initial alleviation of pain but significant functional morbidity. A number of subsequent techniques have been described including in situ decompression, subcutaneous transposition, submuscular transposition, and most recently, endoscopic release. This manuscript focuses on the historical aspects of each of these treatments and our current understanding of their efficacy. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Structural Determinants of Sleeping Beauty Transposase Activity

PubMed Central

Abrusán, György; Yant, Stephen R; Szilágyi, András; Marsh, Joseph A; Mátés, Lajos; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Barabás, Orsolya; Ivics, Zoltán

2016-01-01

Transposases are important tools in genome engineering, and there is considerable interest in engineering more efficient ones. Here, we seek to understand the factors determining their activity using the Sleeping Beauty transposase. Recent work suggests that protein coevolutionary information can be used to classify groups of physically connected, coevolving residues into elements called “sectors”, which have proven useful for understanding the folding, allosteric interactions, and enzymatic activity of proteins. Using extensive mutagenesis data, protein modeling and analysis of folding energies, we show that (i) The Sleeping Beauty transposase contains two sectors, which span across conserved domains, and are enriched in DNA-binding residues, indicating that the DNA binding and endonuclease functions of the transposase coevolve; (ii) Sector residues are highly sensitive to mutations, and most mutations of these residues strongly reduce transposition rate; (iii) Mutations with a strong effect on free energy of folding in the DDE domain of the transposase significantly reduce transposition rate. (iv) Mutations that influence DNA and protein-protein interactions generally reduce transposition rate, although most hyperactive mutants are also located on the protein surface, including residues with protein-protein interactions. This suggests that hyperactivity results from the modification of protein interactions, rather than the stabilization of protein fold. PMID:27401040

Ac-immobilized, a stable source of Activator transposase that mediates sporophytic and gametophytic excision of Dissociation elements in maize.

PubMed

Conrad, Liza J; Brutnell, Thomas P

2005-12-01

We have identified and characterized a novel Activator (Ac) element that is incapable of excision yet contributes to the canonical negative dosage effect of Ac. Cloning and sequence analysis of this immobilized Ac (Ac-im) revealed that it is identical to Ac with the exception of a 10-bp deletion of sequences at the left end of the element. In screens of approximately 6800 seeds, no germinal transpositions of Ac-im were detected. Importantly, Ac-im catalyzes germinal excisions of a Ds element resident at the r1 locus resulting in the recovery of independent transposed Ds insertions in approximately 4.5% of progeny kernels. Many of these transposition events occur during gametophytic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ac-im transactivates multiple Ds insertions in somatic tissues including those in reporter alleles at bronze1, anthocyaninless1, and anthocyaninless2. We propose a model for the generation of Ac-im as an aberrant transposition event that failed to generate an 8-bp target site duplication and resulted in the deletion of Ac end sequences. We also discuss the utility of Ac-im in two-component Ac/Ds gene-tagging programs in maize.

Efficient transposition of the Tnt1 tobacco retrotransposon in the model legume Medicago truncatula.

PubMed

d'Erfurth, Isabelle; Cosson, Viviane; Eschstruth, Alexis; Lucas, Helene; Kondorosi, Adam; Ratet, P

2003-04-01

The tobacco element, Tnt1, is one of the few active retrotransposons in plants. Its transposition is activated during protoplast culture in tobacco and tissue culture in the heterologous host Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report its transposition in the R108 line of Medicago truncatula during the early steps of the in vitro transformation-regeneration process. Two hundred and twenty-five primary transformants containing Tnt1 were obtained. Among them, 11.2% contained only transposed copies of the element, indicating that Tnt1 transposed very early and efficiently during the in vitro transformation process, possibly even before the T-DNA integration. The average number of insertions per transgenic line was estimated to be about 15. These insertions were stable in the progeny and could be separated by segregation. Inspection of the sequences flanking the insertion sites revealed that Tnt1 had no insertion site specificity and often inserted in genes (one out of three insertions). Thus, our work demonstrates the functioning of an efficient transposable element in leguminous plants. These results indicate that Tnt1 can be used as a powerful tool for insertion mutagenesis in M. truncatula.

Foldback intercoil DNA and the mechanism of DNA transposition.

PubMed

Kim, Byung-Dong

2014-09-01

Foldback intercoil (FBI) DNA is formed by the folding back at one point of a non-helical parallel track of double-stranded DNA at as sharp as 180° and the intertwining of two double helixes within each other's major groove to form an intercoil with a diameter of 2.2 nm. FBI DNA has been suggested to mediate intra-molecular homologous recombination of a deletion and inversion. Inter-molecular homologous recombination, known as site-specific insertion, on the other hand, is mediated by the direct perpendicular approach of the FBI DNA tip, as the attP site, onto the target DNA, as the attB site. Transposition of DNA transposons involves the pairing of terminal inverted repeats and 5-7-bp tandem target duplication. FBI DNA configuration effectively explains simple as well as replicative transposition, along with the involvement of an enhancer element. The majority of diverse retrotransposable elements that employ a target site duplication mechanism is also suggested to follow the FBI DNA-mediated perpendicular insertion of the paired intercoil ends by non-homologous end-joining, together with gap filling. A genome-wide perspective of transposable elements in light of FBI DNA is discussed.

Does letter position coding depend on consonant/vowel status? Evidence with the masked priming technique.

PubMed

Perea, Manuel; Acha, Joana

2009-02-01

Recently, a number of input coding schemes (e.g., SOLAR model, SERIOL model, open-bigram model, overlap model) have been proposed that capture the transposed-letter priming effect (i.e., faster response times for jugde-JUDGE than for jupte-JUDGE). In their current version, these coding schemes do not assume any processing differences between vowels and consonants. However, in a lexical decision task, Perea and Lupker (2004, JML; Lupker, Perea, & Davis, 2008, L&CP) reported that transposed-letter priming effects occurred for consonant transpositions but not for vowel transpositions. This finding poses a challenge for these recently proposed coding schemes. Here, we report four masked priming experiments that examine whether this consonant/vowel dissociation in transposed-letter priming is task-specific. In Experiment 1, we used a lexical decision task and found a transposed-letter priming effect only for consonant transpositions. In Experiments 2-4, we employed a same-different task - a task which taps early perceptual processes - and found a robust transposed-letter priming effect that did not interact with consonant/vowel status. We examine the implications of these findings for the front-end of the models of visual word recognition.

Reconstitutional Mutagenesis of the Maize P Gene by Short-Range Ac Transpositions

PubMed Central

Moreno, M. A.; Chen, J.; Greenblatt, I.; Dellaporta, S. L.

1992-01-01

The tendency for Ac to transpose over short intervals has been utilized to develop insertional mutagenesis and fine structure genetic mapping strategies in maize. We recovered excisions of Ac from the P gene and insertions into nearby chromosomal sites. These closely linked Ac elements reinserted into the P gene, reconstituting over 250 unstable variegated alleles. Reconstituted alleles condition a variety of variegation patterns that reflect the position and orientation of Ac within the P gene. Molecular mapping and DNA sequence analyses have shown that reinsertion sites are dispersed throughout a 12.3-kb chromosomal region in the promoter, exons and introns of the P gene, but in some regions insertions sites were clustered in a nonrandom fashion. Transposition profiles and target site sequence data obtained from these studies have revealed several features of Ac transposition including its preference for certain target sites. These results clearly demonstrate the tendency of Ac to transpose to nearby sites in both proximal and distal directions from the donor site. With minor modifications, reconstitutional mutagenesis should be applicable to many Ac-induced mutations in maize and in other plant species and can possibly be extended to other eukaryotic transposon systems as well. PMID:1325389

Paraspinal Transposition Flap for Reconstruction of Sacral Soft Tissue Defects: A Series of 53 Cases from a Single Institute

PubMed Central

Chattopadhyay, Debarati; Agarwal, Akhilesh Kumar; Guha, Goutam; Bhattacharya, Nirjhar; Chumbale, Pawan K; Gupta, Souradip; Murmu, Marang Buru

2014-01-01

Study Design Case series. Purpose To describe paraspinal transposition flap for coverage of sacral soft tissue defects. Overview of Literature Soft tissue defects in the sacral region pose a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Goals of sacral wound reconstruction are to provide a durable skin and soft tissue cover adequate for even large sacral defects; minimize recurrence; and minimize donor site morbidity. Various musculocutaneous and fasciocutanous flaps have been described in the literature. Methods The flap was applied in 53 patients with sacral soft tissue defects of diverse etiology. Defects ranged in size from small (6 cm×5 cm) to extensive (21 cm×10 cm). The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 16-78 years). Results There was no flap necrosis. Primary closure of donor sites was possible in all the cases. The median follow up of the patients was 33 months (range, 4-84 months). The aesthetic outcomes were acceptable. There has been no recurrence of pressure sores. Conclusions The authors conclude that paraspinal transposition flap is suitable for reconstruction of large sacral soft tissue defects with minimum morbidity and excellent long term results. PMID:24967044

TE-Tracker: systematic identification of transposition events through whole-genome resequencing.

PubMed

Gilly, Arthur; Etcheverry, Mathilde; Madoui, Mohammed-Amin; Guy, Julie; Quadrana, Leandro; Alberti, Adriana; Martin, Antoine; Heitkam, Tony; Engelen, Stefan; Labadie, Karine; Le Pen, Jeremie; Wincker, Patrick; Colot, Vincent; Aury, Jean-Marc

2014-11-19

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that are able to move from their location in the genome by cutting or copying themselves to another locus. As such, they are increasingly recognized as impacting all aspects of genome function. With the dramatic reduction in cost of DNA sequencing, it is now possible to resequence whole genomes in order to systematically characterize novel TE mobilization in a particular individual. However, this task is made difficult by the inherently repetitive nature of TE sequences, which in some eukaryotes compose over half of the genome sequence. Currently, only a few software tools dedicated to the detection of TE mobilization using next-generation-sequencing are described in the literature. They often target specific TEs for which annotation is available, and are only able to identify families of closely related TEs, rather than individual elements. We present TE-Tracker, a general and accurate computational method for the de-novo detection of germ line TE mobilization from re-sequenced genomes, as well as the identification of both their source and destination sequences. We compare our method with the two classes of existing software: specialized TE-detection tools and generic structural variant (SV) detection tools. We show that TE-Tracker, while working independently of any prior annotation, bridges the gap between these two approaches in terms of detection power. Indeed, its positive predictive value (PPV) is comparable to that of dedicated TE software while its sensitivity is typical of a generic SV detection tool. TE-Tracker demonstrates the benefit of adopting an annotation-independent, de novo approach for the detection of TE mobilization events. We use TE-Tracker to provide a comprehensive view of transposition events induced by loss of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. TE-Tracker is freely available at http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/TE-Tracker . We show that TE-Tracker accurately detects both the source and destination of novel transposition events in re-sequenced genomes. Moreover, TE-Tracker is able to detect all potential donor sequences for a given insertion, and can identify the correct one among them. Furthermore, TE-Tracker produces significantly fewer false positives than common SV detection programs, thus greatly facilitating the detection and analysis of TE mobilization events.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Multiple Long Terminal Repeats, Lineage-Specific Amplification, and Frequent Interelement Recombination for Cassandra Retrotransposon in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)

PubMed Central

Yin, Hao; Du, Jianchang; Li, Leiting; Jin, Cong; Fan, Lian; Li, Meng; Wu, Jun; Zhang, Shaoling

2014-01-01

Cassandra transposable elements belong to a specific group of terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIM). Although Cassandra TRIM elements have been found in almost all vascular plants, detailed investigations on the nature, abundance, amplification timeframe, and evolution have not been performed in an individual genome. We therefore conducted a comprehensive analysis of Cassandra retrotransposons using the newly sequenced pear genome along with four other Rosaceae species, including apple, peach, mei, and woodland strawberry. Our data reveal several interesting findings for this particular retrotransposon family: 1) A large number of the intact copies contain three, four, or five long terminal repeats (LTRs) (∼20% in pear); 2) intact copies and solo LTRs with or without target site duplications are both common (∼80% vs. 20%) in each genome; 3) the elements exhibit an overall unbiased distribution among the chromosomes; 4) the elements are most successfully amplified in pear (5,032 copies); and 5) the evolutionary relationships of these elements vary among different lineages, species, and evolutionary time. These results indicate that Cassandra retrotransposons contain more complex structures (elements with multiple LTRs) than what we have known previously, and that frequent interelement unequal recombination followed by transposition may play a critical role in shaping and reshaping host genomes. Thus this study provides insights into the property, propensity, and molecular mechanisms governing the formation and amplification of Cassandra retrotransposons, and enhances our understanding of the structural variation, evolutionary history, and transposition process of LTR retrotransposons in plants. PMID:24899073

Imaging congenital heart disease in adults

PubMed Central

Kilner, P J

2011-01-01

Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line modality for cardiovascular imaging in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). The windows of access that are possible with transthoracic echocardiography are, however, rarely adequate for all regions of interest. The choice of further imaging depends on the clinical questions that remain to be addressed. The strengths of MRI include comprehensive access and coverage, providing imaging of all parts of the right ventricle, the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and aorta. Cine images and velocity maps are acquired in specifically aligned planes, with stacks of cines or dynamic contrast angiography providing more comprehensive coverage. Tissues can be characterised if necessary, and MRI provides relatively accurate measurements of biventricular function and volume flow. These parameters are important in the assessment and follow-up of adults after repairs for tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great arteries and after Fontan operations. The superior spatial resolution and rapid acquisition of CT are invaluable in selected situations, including the visualisation of anomalous coronary or aortopulmonary collateral arteries, the assessment of luminal patency after stenting and imaging in patients with pacemakers. Ionising radiation is, however, a concern in younger patients who may need repeated investigation. Adults with relatively complex conditions should ideally be imaged in a specialist ACHD centre, where dedicated echocardiographic and cardiovascular MRI services are a necessary facility. General radiologists should be aware of the nature and pathophysiology of congenital heart disease, and should be alert for previously undiagnosed cases presenting in adulthood, including cases of atrial septal defect, aortic coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus, double-chambered right ventricle and congenitally corrected transposition. PMID:22723533

Mariner and the ITm Superfamily of Transposons.

PubMed

Tellier, Michael; Bouuaert, Corentin Claeys; Chalmers, Ronald

2015-04-01

The IS630-Tc1-mariner (ITm) family of transposons is one of the most widespread in nature. The phylogenetic distribution of its members shows that they do not persist for long in a given lineage, but rely on frequent horizontal transfer to new hosts. Although they are primarily selfish genomic-parasites, ITm transposons contribute to the evolution of their hosts because they generate variation and contribute protein domains and regulatory regions. Here we review the molecular mechanism of ITm transposition and its regulation. We focus mostly on the mariner elements, which are understood in the greatest detail owing to in vitro reconstitution and structural analysis. Nevertheless, the most important characteristics are probably shared across the grouping. Members of the ITm family are mobilized by a cut-and-paste mechanism and integrate at 5'-TA dinucleotide target sites. The elements encode a single transposase protein with an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The phosphoryl-transferase reactions during the DNA-strand breaking and joining reactions are performed by the two metal-ion mechanism. The metal ions are coordinated by three or four acidic amino acid residues located within an RNase H-like structural fold. Although all of the strand breaking and joining events at a given transposon end are performed by a single molecule of transposase, the reaction is coordinated by close communication between transpososome components. During transpososome assembly, transposase dimers compete for free transposon ends. This helps to protect the host by dampening an otherwise exponential increase in the rate of transposition as the copy number increases.

Fertility preservation for medical reasons in girls and women: British fertility society policy and practice guideline.

PubMed

Yasmin, Ephia; Balachandren, Neerujah; Davies, Melanie C; Jones, Georgina L; Lane, Sheila; Mathur, Raj; Webber, Lisa; Anderson, Richard A

2018-04-01

Fertility preservation in the female poses several challenges due to the invasive nature of the techniques available to achieve it. The guideline aims to bring together the evidence available for the measures for fertility preservation and their outcome. The guideline addresses fertility preservation for medical reasons and includes both oncological and non-oncological causes. The techniques that the guideline considers are: (i) embryo and oocyte cryopreservation; (ii) ovarian tissue cryopreservation; (iii) GnRH agonist suppression and (iv) ovarian transposition. Although ovarian tissue cryopreservation is still considered experimental, the availability of this technique is gaining momentum as more live births from auto-transplanted tissue are reported. The guideline also highlights use of current treatment modalities for benign and malignant conditions that have a better fertility sparing profile. The guideline recommends a multidisciplinary approach in counselling women and girls about the risk to their fertility and available techniques. The role of psychological support in assisting women and girls with decision-making is highlighted. The guideline also highlights the risks associated with these techniques. Women need to be medically fit to undergo invasive procedures. Fertility preservation techniques are appropriate when treatment has curative intent. Fertility preservation is a subject of on-going research on outcomes of different techniques and at the time of publication, studies are still likely to emerge adding to the available literature.

ADP and brucellosis indemnity systems development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanders, W.M.; Harlan, B.L.

1976-01-01

Our initial study of the USDA/TAHC Brucellosis Indemnity Program in Texas has shown that both the efficiency and rate of claim payments can be increased by the application of present day computer technologies. Two main factors contribute to these increases: the number of discrepancies that are caused by poor penmanship, transposition of numbers, and other human errors can be monitored and minimized; and the documented information can be indexed, sorted, and searched faster, more efficiently, and without human error. The overall flow of documentation that is used to control the movement of infected or exposed animals through commerce should bemore » studied. A new system should be designed that fully utilizes present day computer and electronic technologies.« less

Transposition cutaneous flap and split skin mesh graft as combined optimal treatment approach for Giant Neglected multicentric BCC of the Shoulder.

PubMed

Tchernev, Georgi; Pidakev, Ivan

2018-05-31

We report for a 70-year-old cachectic patient - 165 cm, 45 kg, who was admitted for the first time to the dematosurgical unit for a surgical removal of a tumor formation localized in the region of the back from more than 15 years (fig. 1a). In the last few months the lesion has increased significantly in size and causes burning sensation, mild pain and abundant secretion of bloody yellow secretions (fig. 1a). During the dermatological examination a tumor-like formation in the left scapular region was visualized, This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Infraorbital nerve transposition to expand the endoscopic transnasal maxillectomy.

PubMed

Salzano, Giovanni; Turri-Zanoni, Mario; Karligkiotis, Apostolos; Zocchi, Jacopo; Dell'Aversana Orabona, Giovanni; Califano, Luigi; Battaglia, Paolo; Castelnuovo, Paolo

2017-02-01

The infraorbital nerve (ION) is a terminal branch of the maxillary nerve (V2) providing sensory innervation to the malar skin. It is sometimes necessary to sacrifice the ION and its branches to obtain adequate maxillary sinus exposure for radical resection of sinonasal tumors. Consequently, patients suffer temporary or permanent paresthesia, hypoestesthia, and neuralgia of the face. We describe an innovative technique used for preservation of the ION while removing the anterior, superior, and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus through a medial endoscopic transnasal maxillectomy. All patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic maxillectomy with ION transposition in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. Two patients were identified who had been treated for sinonasal cancers using this approach. No major complications were observed. Transient loss of ION function was observed with complete recovery of skin sensory perception within 6 months of surgery. One patient referred to a mild permanent anesthesia of the upper incisors. No diplopia or enophthalmos were encountered in any of the patients. The ION transposition is useful for selected cases of benign and malignant sinonasal tumors that do not infiltrate the ION itself but involve the surrounding portion of the maxillary sinus. Anatomic preservation of the ION seems to be beneficial to the postoperative quality of life of such patients. © 2016 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

Children and adults both see 'pirates' in 'parties': letter-position effects for developing readers and skilled adult readers.

PubMed

Paterson, Kevin B; Read, Josephine; McGowan, Victoria A; Jordan, Timothy R

2015-03-01

Developing readers often make anagrammatical errors (e.g. misreading pirates as parties), suggesting they use letter position flexibly during word recognition. However, while it is widely assumed that the occurrence of these errors decreases with increases in reading skill, empirical evidence to support this distinction is lacking. Accordingly, we compared the performance of developing child readers (aged 8-10 years) against the end-state performance of skilled adult readers in a timed naming task, employing anagrams used previously in this area of research. Moreover, to explore the use of letter position by developing readers and skilled adult readers more fully, we used anagrams which, to form another word, required letter transpositions over only interior letter positions, or both interior and exterior letter positions. The patterns of effects across these two anagram types for the two groups of readers were very similar. In particular, both groups showed similarly slowed response times (and developing readers increased errors) for anagrams requiring only interior letter transpositions but not for anagrams that required exterior letter transpositions. This similarity in the naming performance of developing readers and skilled adult readers suggests that the end-state skilled use of letter position is established earlier during reading development than is widely assumed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Letter position coding across modalities: braille and sighted reading of sentences with jumbled words.

PubMed

Perea, Manuel; Jiménez, María; Martín-Suesta, Miguel; Gómez, Pablo

2015-04-01

This article explores how letter position coding is attained during braille reading and its implications for models of word recognition. When text is presented visually, the reading process easily adjusts to the jumbling of some letters (jugde-judge), with a small cost in reading speed. Two explanations have been proposed: One relies on a general mechanism of perceptual uncertainty at the visual level, and the other focuses on the activation of an abstract level of representation (i.e., bigrams) that is shared by all orthographic codes. Thus, these explanations make differential predictions about reading in a tactile modality. In the present study, congenitally blind readers read sentences presented on a braille display that tracked the finger position. The sentences either were intact or involved letter transpositions. A parallel experiment was conducted in the visual modality. Results revealed a substantially greater reading cost for the sentences with transposed-letter words in braille readers. In contrast with the findings with sighted readers, in which there is a cost of transpositions in the external (initial and final) letters, the reading cost in braille readers occurs serially, with a large cost for initial letter transpositions. Thus, these data suggest that the letter-position-related effects in visual word recognition are due to the characteristics of the visual stream.

Effects of morphologic left ventricular pressure on right ventricular geometry and tricuspid valve regurgitation in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Kral Kollars, Catharine A; Gelehrter, Sarah; Bove, Edward L; Ensing, Gregory

2010-03-01

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is associated with tricuspid regurgitation (TR), which has been postulated to arise from the effect of ventricular septal position on the attachments of the tricuspid valve. This study was performed to determine the effect of left ventricular (LV) pressure on right ventricular (RV) and LV geometry and the degree of TR. Serial echocardiograms were reviewed from, 30 patients with CCTGA who underwent pulmonary artery banding to train the morphologic left ventricle (n = 14) or left ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit placement and ventricular septal defect closure in conjunction with physiologic repair (n = 16). The degree of TR, the LV/RV pressure ratio, RV and LV sphericity indexes, and tricuspid valve tethering distance and coaptation length were analyzed. After pulmonary artery banding, an increase in LV systolic pressure to > or =2/3 systemic resulted in a decrease in TR from severe to moderate (p = 0.02). The percentage of patients with severe TR decreased from 64% to 18% (p = 0.06). The RV sphericity index decreased (p = 0.05), and the LV sphericity index increased (p = 0.02). After left ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit placement, a decrease in LV pressure to < or =1/2 systemic resulted in an increase in TR from none to mild (p = 0.003). In conclusion, these data indicate that LV pressure in patients with CCTGA affects the degree of TR and that septal shift caused by changes in LV and RV pressure is an important mechanism. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Triceps brachii muscle reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap in a dog.

PubMed

Pavletic, Michael M; Kalis, Russell; Tribou, Patricia; Mouser, Pam J

2015-01-15

A 6-year-old spayed female Border Collie was examined for a severe deformity of the right forelimb. Three months prior to examination, the patient awkwardly fell off the couch and became acutely lame in the right forelimb, progressing to non-weight bearing over the following 72 hours. On physical examination, the dog carried the limb caudally against the thoracic wall, with the shoulder flexed and elbow in extension. The right triceps brachii muscle was atrophied and contracted, resulting in a resistant tension band effect that precluded manipulation of the right elbow joint. The physical changes in the triceps muscle were considered the primary cause of the patient's loss of limb function. Surgical treatment by means of elevation and transposition of the ipsilateral latissimus dorsi muscle was performed. The exposed triceps brachii muscles were transected 3 cm proximal to the tendons of insertion. Via a separate incision, the right latissimus dorsi muscle was elevated and tunneled subcutaneously beneath the interposing skin between the 2 surgical incisions. The muscle was then positioned and sutured to the proximal and distal borders of the divided triceps muscle group. Two weeks later, physical therapy was initiated. After 2 months, the patient regularly walked on the limb most of the time (9/10 steps). The surgical procedure for elevation and transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle was relatively simple to perform. Physical therapy was an essential component to achieving the successful functional outcome in this case. This technique may be considered for treatment of similar patients in which the triceps muscle group is severely compromised.

Ulnar neuropathy and medial elbow pain in women's fastpitch softball pitchers: a report of 6 cases.

PubMed

Smith, Adam M; Butler, Thomas H; Dolan, Michael S

2017-12-01

Elite-level women's fastpitch softball players place substantial biomechanical strains on the elbow that can result in medial elbow pain and ulnar neuropathic symptoms. There is scant literature reporting the expected outcomes of the treatment of these injuries. This study examined the results of treatment in a series of these patients. We identified 6 female softball pitchers (4 high school and 2 collegiate) with medial elbow pain and ulnar neuropathic symptoms. Trials of conservative care failed in all 6, and they underwent surgical treatment with subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition. These patients were subsequently monitored postoperatively to determine outcome. All 6 female pitchers had early resolution of elbow pain and neuropathic symptoms after surgical treatment. Long-term follow-up demonstrated that 1 patient quit playing softball because of other injuries but no longer reported elbow pain or paresthesias. One player was able to return to pitching at the high school level but had recurrent forearm pain and neuritis 1 year later while playing a different sport and subsequently stopped playing competitive sports. Four patients continued to play at the collegiate level without further symptoms. Medial elbow pain in women's softball pitchers caused by ulnar neuropathy can be treated effectively with subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition if nonsurgical options fail. Further study is necessary to examine the role of overuse, proper training techniques, and whether pitching limits may be necessary to avoid these injuries. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Integration Profile and Safety of an Adenovirus Hybrid-Vector Utilizing Hyperactive Sleeping Beauty Transposase for Somatic Integration

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wenli; Muck-Hausl, Martin; Wang, Jichang; Sun, Chuanbo; Gebbing, Maren; Miskey, Csaba; Ivics, Zoltan; Izsvak, Zsuzsanna; Ehrhardt, Anja

2013-01-01

We recently developed adenovirus/transposase hybrid-vectors utilizing the previously described hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase HSB5 for somatic integration and we could show stabilized transgene expression in mice and a canine model for hemophilia B. However, the safety profile of these hybrid-vectors with respect to vector dose and genotoxicity remains to be investigated. Herein, we evaluated this hybrid-vector system in C57Bl/6 mice with escalating vector dose settings. We found that in all mice which received the hyperactive SB transposase, transgene expression levels were stabilized in a dose-dependent manner and that the highest vector dose was accompanied by fatalities in mice. To analyze potential genotoxic side-effects due to somatic integration into host chromosomes, we performed a genome-wide integration site analysis using linker-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) and linear amplification-mediated PCR (LAM-PCR). Analysis of genomic DNA samples obtained from HSB5 treated female and male mice revealed a total of 1327 unique transposition events. Overall the chromosomal distribution pattern was close-to-random and we observed a random integration profile with respect to integration into gene and non-gene areas. Notably, when using the LM-PCR protocol, 27 extra-chromosomal integration events were identified, most likely caused by transposon excision and subsequent transposition into the delivered adenoviral vector genome. In total, this study provides a careful evaluation of the safety profile of adenovirus/Sleeping Beauty transposase hybrid-vectors. The obtained information will be useful when designing future preclinical studies utilizing hybrid-vectors in small and large animal models. PMID:24124483

Masseteric-facial nerve transposition for reanimation of the smile in incomplete facial paralysis.

PubMed

Hontanilla, Bernardo; Marre, Diego

2015-12-01

Incomplete facial paralysis occurs in about a third of patients with Bell's palsy. Although their faces are symmetrical at rest, when they smile they have varying degrees of disfigurement. Currently, cross-face nerve grafting is one of the most useful techniques for reanimation. Transfer of the masseteric nerve, although widely used for complete paralysis, has not to our knowledge been reported for incomplete palsy. Between December 2008 and November 2013, we reanimated the faces of 9 patients (2 men and 7 women) with incomplete unilateral facial paralysis with transposition of the masseteric nerve. Sex, age at operation, cause of paralysis, duration of denervation, recipient nerves used, and duration of follow-up were recorded. Commissural excursion, velocity, and patients' satisfaction were evaluated with the FACIAL CLIMA and a questionnaire, respectively. The mean (SD) age at operation was 39 (±6) years and the duration of denervation was 29 (±19) months. There were no complications that required further intervention. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6-26 months. FACIAL CLIMA showed improvement in both commissural excursion and velocity of more than two thirds in 6 patients, more than one half in 2 patients and less than one half in one. Qualitative evaluation showed a slight or pronounced improvement in 7/9 patients. The masseteric nerve is a reliable alternative for reanimation of the smile in patients with incomplete facial paralysis. Its main advantages include its consistent anatomy, a one-stage operation, and low morbidity at the donor site. Copyright © 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Right ventricular performance and mass by use of cine MRI late after atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Lorenz, C H; Walker, E S; Graham, T P; Powers, T A

1995-11-01

The long-term adaptation of the right ventricle after atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) remains a subject of major concern. Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its tomographic capabilities, allows unique quantitative evaluation of both right and left ventricular function and mass. Our purpose was to use MRI and an age-matched normal population to examine the typical late adaptation of the right and left ventricles after atrial repair of TGA. Cine MRI was used to study ventricular function and mass in 22 patients after atrial repair of TGA. Images were obtained in short-axis sections from base to apex to derive normalized right and left ventricular mass (RVM and LVM, g/m2), interventricular septal mass (IVSM, g/m2), RV and LV end-diastolic volumes (EDV, mL/m2), and ejection fractions (EF). Results 8 to 23 years after repair were compared with analysis of 24 age- and sex-matched normal volunteers and revealed markedly elevated RVM, decreased LVM and IVSM, normal RV size, and only mildly depressed RVEF. Only 1 of 22 patients had clinical RV dysfunction, and this patient had increased RVM. Cine MRI allows quantitative evaluation of both RV and LV mass and function late after atrial repair of TGA. Longitudinal studies that include these measurements should prove useful in determining the mechanism of late RV failure in these patients. On the basis of these early data, inadequate hypertrophy does not appear to be the cause of late dysfunction in this patient group.

Heterologous Production and Yield Improvement of Epothilones in Burkholderiales Strain DSM 7029.

PubMed

Bian, Xiaoying; Tang, Biao; Yu, Yucong; Tu, Qiang; Gross, Frank; Wang, Hailong; Li, Aiying; Fu, Jun; Shen, Yuemao; Li, Yue-Zhong; Stewart, A Francis; Zhao, Guoping; Ding, Xiaoming; Müller, Rolf; Zhang, Youming

2017-07-21

The cloning of microbial natural product biosynthetic gene clusters and their heterologous expression in a suitable host have proven to be a feasible approach to improve the yield of valuable natural products and to begin mining cryptic natural products in microorganisms. Myxobacteria are a prolific source of novel bioactive natural products with only limited choices of heterologous hosts that have been exploited. Here, we describe the use of Burkholderiales strain DSM 7029 as a potential heterologous host for the functional expression of myxobacterial secondary metabolites. Using a newly established electroporation procedure, the 56 kb epothilone biosynthetic gene cluster from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum was introduced into the chromosome of strain DSM 7029 by transposition. Production of epothilones A, B, C, and D was detected despite their yields being low. Optimization of the medium, introduction of the exogenous methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthetic pathway, and overexpression of rare tRNA genes resulted in an approximately 75-fold increase in the total yields of epothilones to 307 μg L -1 . These results show that strain DSM 7029 has the potential to produce epothilones with reasonable titers and might be a broadly applicable host for the heterologous expression of other myxobacterial polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases, expediting the process of genome mining.

Testicular transposition in children undergoing brachytherapy for bladder and/or prostate rhabdomyosarcoma.

PubMed

de Lambert, Guenolee; Chargari, Cyrus; Minard-Colin, Véronique; Haie-Meder, Christine; Guérin, Florent; Martelli, Hélène

2018-04-13

Fertility preservation is a major goal in treatment of children with cancer. We describe a new technique of testicular transposition (TT) in patients treated with pulse-dose-rate (PDR) brachytherapy as part of the multimodal conservative treatment of bladder neck and/or prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (BP RMS). Medical records of consecutive patients treated between September 2016 and August 2017 were studied. These patients underwent a TT performed during BP RMS surgery by the same suprapubic incision. The external oblique aponeurosis was not incised. The spermatic cord was mobilized up to the external inguinal ring, and the gubernaculum attachments were severed from the scrotum. The testis was then flipped over with care taken to avoid injury of the vessels or the vas, wrapped in a silicone material and sutured under the abdominal skin with a transfixing stitch facing the anterior superior iliac spine. At the end of brachytherapy, the testis was relocated in the scrotum and during the same general anesthesia, plastic tubes and stents were removed. Surgical outcome and dosimetric parameters were examined. Eight patients were identified. Median age was 24 months (range 11-80 months). All had embryonal BP RMS and received chemotherapy according to RMS 2005 protocol prior to local treatment. All patients underwent conservative surgery followed by brachytherapy (60 Gy) and had testicular transposition of one testis. None had surgical complications. After converting doses to biologically equivalent doses in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2), the dose delivered to 75% of the transposed testis was 1.5 GyEQD2 (1-3 GyEQD2), versus 5.4 GyEQD2 (3.9-9.4 Gy EQD2) for the untransposed testis (p < 0.001). Testicular transposition is feasible in order to potentially preserve fertility and future quality of life in children undergoing brachytherapy for BP RMS. Level IV Treatment Study: Case Study with no Comparison Group. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Outcomes After Superior Rectus Transposition and Medial Rectus Recession Versus Vertical Recti Transposition for Sixth Nerve Palsy.

PubMed

Lee, Yeon-Hee; Lambert, Scott R

2017-05-01

To compare the effectiveness of superior rectus transposition and medial rectus recession (SRT/MRc) vs inferior and superior rectus transposition (VRT) for acquired sixth nerve palsy. Consecutive, interventional case series. The medical records of a consecutive series of patients with acquired sixth nerve palsy who underwent VRT or SRT/MRc by a single surgeon were reviewed. The preoperative and postoperative findings were compared between the 2 groups. Eight patients (mean age, 46.8 years) underwent SRT/MRc and 8 patients underwent VRT (mean age, 51.1 years). Lateral fixation was performed on all but 4 patients in the VRT group. Preoperative esotropia in primary position and abduction deficit were similar in both groups (SRT/MRc, 41.9 prism diopter [PD], -4.6; VRT, 55.6 PD, -4.5; P = .195, 1.0). The SRT/MRc group underwent a mean MR recession of 6 (range, 5-7) mm. Four patients in the VRT later underwent MR recession (mean 5.3 mm, range 5-6 mm). In addition, 5 patients in the VRT group had 1 or more botulinum toxin injections in the medial rectus muscle. No additional procedures were performed in the SRT/MR group. Fewer additional procedures were performed with SRT/MR (SRT/MR, 0; VRT, 1.8 ± 1.2; P < .010). At last follow-up, residual esotropia (SRT/MRc, 7.1 PD; VRT, 10.3 PD; P = .442) was similar in both groups, but abduction was better in the SRT/MRc group (SRT/MR, -3.0 ± 0.7; VRT, -3.8 ± 0.4; P = .038). There were no new persistent vertical deviations or torsional diplopia. Final outcomes were similar with SRT/MRc vs VRT. However, fewer additional surgical procedures were needed with SRT/MR. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overall satisfaction, sexual function, and the durability of neophallus dimensions following staged female to male genital gender confirming surgery: the Institute of Urology, London U.K. experience

PubMed Central

Christopher, Nim A.; De Luca, Francesco; Spilotros, Marco; Ralph, David J.

2014-01-01

Background and purpose What factors influence transgender men’s decisions to undergo (and to not undergo) specific genital gender confirming surgeries (GCS) has not been described in the literature. Sexual function outcomes related to clitoral transposition and penile prosthesis placement is also not well described. Durability of neophallus dimensions after phalloplasty has not been described. A better understanding of these factors is necessary for pre-op counseling. We sought to assess patient genital-GCS related satisfaction, regret, pre/post-op sexual function, genital preferences, and genital measurements post-op. Materials and methods We evaluated ten female to male transgender patients who had previously undergone suprapubic pedicle-flap phalloplasty [suprapubic phalloplasty (SP); N=10] and 15 who had undergone radial artery forearm-flap phalloplasty [(RAP); N=15; 5/15 without and 10/15 with cutaneous nerve to clitoral nerve anastomosis] at our center (UK). We queried patients’ surgery related preferences and concerns, satisfaction, and sexual function pre/post-surgery, and accounted for whether patients had undergone clitoral transposition and/or cutaneous-to-clitoral nerve anastomosis. We measured flaccid and (where applicable) erect length and girth using a smart-phone app we designed. Results Mean age at surgery and follow-up for those that underwent SP was 35.1 and 2.23 years, and 34 and 6.8 for those that underwent RAP. Mean satisfaction scores were 9.1/10 and 9/10 for those that underwent SP and RAP, respectively. No patient (0%) regretted starting genital-GCS surgery. All (100%) patients that could achieve orgasm before GCS with clitoral transposition could achieve orgasm after surgery, and the vast majority reported preserved quality of erogenous sensation by our transposition technique. All (100%) RAP and 9/10 SP patients reported masturbation with their phallus. Inflatable penile prosthesis placement was not associated with decreased erogenous sensation/orgasm. Penile dimensions were relatively stable through follow-up for both groups. Our App length measurements correlated with a ruler within ±<4.5%. Conclusions Female-to-male genital-GCS offered in 3-stages was associated with high overall satisfaction and no regret among our sample. Sexual function appears to be preserved after both clitoral transposition and inflatable prosthesis placement, and consolidation of erogenous sensation to the phallus was described as important to all subjects. Discussion of patient’s pre-op sexual function, as well as specific concerns and preferences related to specific genital-GCS surgeries is important. PMID:26816764

A major insertion accounts for a significant proportion of mutations underlying human lipoprotein lipase deficiency

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Langlois, S.; Kastelein, J.J.; Hayden, M.R.

1989-02-01

Lipoprotein lipase is an important enzyme involved in triacylglycerol metabolism. Primary LPL deficiency is a genetic disorder that is usually manifested by a severe elevation in triacylglycerol levels. The authors have used a recently isolated LPL cDNA clone to study 15 probands from 11 families with this inherited disorder. Surprisingly, 7 of the probands from 4 families, of different ancestries, had a similar insertion in their LPL gene. In contrast to other human genetic disorders, where insertions are rare causes of mutation, this insertion accounts for a significant proportion of the alleles causing LPL deficiency. Detailed restriction mapping of themore » insertion revealed that it was unlikely to be a duplication of neighboring DNA and that it was not similar to the consensus sequence of human L1 repetitive elements. This suggests that there must be other mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in human genetic disease besides transposition of mobile L1 repetitive elements.« less

A large inversion in the linear chromosome of Streptomyces griseus caused by replicative transposition of a new Tn3 family transposon.

PubMed

Murata, M; Uchida, T; Yang, Y; Lezhava, A; Kinashi, H

2011-04-01

We have comprehensively analyzed the linear chromosomes of Streptomyces griseus mutants constructed and kept in our laboratory. During this study, macrorestriction analysis of AseI and DraI fragments of mutant 402-2 suggested a large chromosomal inversion. The junctions of chromosomal inversion were cloned and sequenced and compared with the corresponding target sequences in the parent strain 2247. Consequently, a transposon-involved mechanism was revealed. Namely, a transposon originally located at the left target site was replicatively transposed to the right target site in an inverted direction, which generated a second copy and at the same time caused a 2.5-Mb chromosomal inversion. The involved transposon named TnSGR was grouped into a new subfamily of the resolvase-encoding Tn3 family transposons based on its gene organization. At the end, terminal diversity of S. griseus chromosomes is discussed by comparing the sequences of strains 2247 and IFO13350.

Preparation of next-generation sequencing libraries using Nextera™ technology: simultaneous DNA fragmentation and adaptor tagging by in vitro transposition.

PubMed

Caruccio, Nicholas

2011-01-01

DNA library preparation is a common entry point and bottleneck for next-generation sequencing. Current methods generally consist of distinct steps that often involve significant sample loss and hands-on time: DNA fragmentation, end-polishing, and adaptor-ligation. In vitro transposition with Nextera™ Transposomes simultaneously fragments and covalently tags the target DNA, thereby combining these three distinct steps into a single reaction. Platform-specific sequencing adaptors can be added, and the sample can be enriched and bar-coded using limited-cycle PCR to prepare di-tagged DNA fragment libraries. Nextera technology offers a streamlined, efficient, and high-throughput method for generating bar-coded libraries compatible with multiple next-generation sequencing platforms.

Lateralization Technique and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Transposition

PubMed Central

Sanches, Marco Antonio; Ramalho, Gabriel Cardoso; Manzi, Marcello Roberto

2016-01-01

Bone resorption of the posterior mandible can result in diminished bone edge and, therefore, the installation of implants in these regions becomes a challenge, especially in the presence of the mandibular canal and its contents, the inferior alveolar nerve. Several treatment alternatives are suggested: the use of short implants, guided bone regeneration, appositional bone grafting, distraction osteogenesis, inclined implants tangential to the mandibular canal, and the lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. The aim was to elucidate the success rate of implants in the lateralization technique and in inferior alveolar nerve transposition and to determine the most effective sensory test. We conclude that the success rate is linked to the possibility of installing implants with long bicortical anchor which favors primary stability and biomechanics. PMID:27433360

The 'double headed slug flap': a simple technique to reconstruct large helical rim defects.

PubMed

Masud, D; Tzafetta, K

2012-10-01

Reconstructing partial defects of the ear can be challenging, balancing the creation of the details of the ear with scarring, morbidity and number of surgical stages. Common causes of ear defects are human bites, tumour excision and burn injuries. Reconstructing defects of the ear with tube pedicled flaps and other local flaps requires an accurate measurement of size of the defect with little room for error, particularly under estimation. We present a simple method of reconstruction for partial defects of the ear using a two-stage technique with post auricular transposition flaps. This allows for under or over estimation of size defects permitting accurate tissue usage giving good aesthetic outcomes. Copyright © 2012 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Historic origin of the "Arcade of Struthers".

PubMed

De Jesus, Ramon; Dellon, A Lee

2003-05-01

John Struthers wrote in 1848 and 1854 about sites of compression of the median nerve from axilla to elbow. He is best known for describing the rare median nerve entrapment by a ligament from a supracondylar process extending to the medial humeral epicondyle. In 1973, observation of ulnar nerve entrapment associated with a midshaft humeral fracture and subsequent anatomic dissections led to the creation of the term "Arcade of Struthers." Review of Struthers' original writings fails to identify either the use of word "arcade" or description of ulnar nerve compression. Review of published anatomic dissections identifies variations in the origin of the medial head of the triceps, not described by Struthers, that may cause failure of an anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. Continued use of the term "Arcade of Struthers" is historically incorrect.

Evolution of European Union legislation of herbal medicinal products and its transposition to national legislation in 1965-2007: case Finland.

PubMed

Koski, Sari M; Laitinen-Parkkonen, Pirjo; Airaksinen, Marja

2015-01-01

The study aim was to explore the progress of legislation relating to herbal medicinal products in the European Union and compare it with the corresponding progress of the legislation in Finland in 1965-2007. The study was carried out using content analysis. Data were searched from publicly available European Union directives and national acts. All definitions and safety-related requirements for herbal medicinal products were identified. The transposition of safety-related requirements into the national legislation was studied. Medicinal products from plant origins have been part of the European Union legislation since 1965. Most plant-based products have not initially been regarded as medicinal products but rather as some kind of medicine-like products. The official definition of herbal medicinal products was introduced in Directive 2004/24/EC and implemented into the Finnish legislation with the terminology to recognise herbal medicinal products as part of medicinal products. The current safety-related requirements of medicinal products concern analogously herbal medicinal products. Herbal medicinal products have had different definitions in pharmaceutical legislation over the study period in the European Union and Finland. The current definition places herbal medicinal products more clearly under the medicinal products' legislation. Safety-related requirements are now practically identical for all medicinal products. Transposition of the European Union legislation into the national legislation in Finland is apparent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer for persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy: Surgical technique.

PubMed

Leclère, F M; Badur, N; Mathys, L; Vögelin, E

2015-08-01

Persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy, following nerve surgery failure, is usually treated by tendon transfer or more recently by tibial nerve transfer. However, when there is destruction of the tibial anterior muscle, an isolated nerve transfer is not possible. In this article, we present the key steps and surgical tips for the Ninkovic procedure including transposition of the neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle with the aim of restoring active voluntary dorsiflexion. The transposition of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle to the tendons of the anterior tibial muscle group, with simultaneous transposition of the intact proximal end of the deep peroneal nerve to the tibial nerve of the gastrocnemius muscle by microsurgical neurorrhaphy is performed in one stage. It includes 10 key steps which are described in this article. Since 1994, three clinical series have highlighted the advantages of this technique. Functional and subjective results are discussed. We review the indications and limitations of the technique. Early clinical results after neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer appear excellent; however, they still need to be compared with conventional tendon transfer procedures. Clinical studies are likely to be conducted in this area largely due to the frequency of persistant peroneal nerve palsy and the limitations of functional options in cases of longstanding peripheral nerve palsy, anterior tibial muscle atrophy or destruction. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

An indicator gene to demonstrate intracellular transposition of defective retroviruses.

PubMed Central

Heidmann, T; Heidmann, O; Nicolas, J F

1988-01-01

An indicator gene for detection and quantitation of RNA-mediated transposition was constructed (neoRT). It was inserted into a Moloney murine leukemia provirus (Mo-MLV) deleted for the envelope gene to test for intracellular transposition of defective retroviruses [Mo-MLV(neo)RT]. NeoRT contains the selectable neo gene (which confers resistance to the drug G418), inactivated by a polyadenylylation sequence inserted between the neo promotor and coding sequence. The polyadenylylation sequence is flanked (on the antisense strand of the DNA) by a donor and an acceptor splice site so as to be removed upon passage of the provirus through an RNA intermediate. 3T3 cells transfected with the defective Mo-MLV(neo)RT provirus are sensitive to G418. After trans-complementation with Mo-MLV, viral transcripts confer resistance to G418 upon infection of test cells. In the resistant cells, the polyadenylylation sequence has been removed, as a result in most cases of precise splicing of the intronic domain. Retrotransposition of the defective Mo-MLV(neo)RT provirus was demonstrated by submitting transfected G418-sensitive clones to selection. Between 1 and 10 G418-resistant clones were obtained per 10(7) cells. Several possess additional copies, with evidence for precise removal of the intronic domain. By using target test cells in coculture experiments, extracellular intermediates of retrotransposition could not be detected. Images PMID:2832848

Female Fertility Issues

Cancer.gov

Fertility issues are common in women getting cancer treatment. Fertility preservation options include egg freezing, embryo freezing, ovarian tissue freezing, ovarian shielding and ovarian transposition. Resources, support, and clinical trials are listed.

Universal freezing of quantum correlations within the geometric approach

PubMed Central

Cianciaruso, Marco; Bromley, Thomas R.; Roga, Wojciech; Lo Franco, Rosario; Adesso, Gerardo

2015-01-01

Quantum correlations in a composite system can be measured by resorting to a geometric approach, according to which the distance from the state of the system to a suitable set of classically correlated states is considered. Here we show that all distance functions, which respect natural assumptions of invariance under transposition, convexity, and contractivity under quantum channels, give rise to geometric quantifiers of quantum correlations which exhibit the peculiar freezing phenomenon, i.e., remain constant during the evolution of a paradigmatic class of states of two qubits each independently interacting with a non-dissipative decohering environment. Our results demonstrate from first principles that freezing of geometric quantum correlations is independent of the adopted distance and therefore universal. This finding paves the way to a deeper physical interpretation and future practical exploitation of the phenomenon for noisy quantum technologies. PMID:26053239

Esophageal Cancer

MedlinePlus

... Heart Disease Diseases of the arteries, valves, and aorta, as well as cardiac rhythm disturbances Aortic Valve ... Transposition of the Great Arteries Coarctation of the Aorta Truncus Arteriosus Single Ventricle Defects Patent Ductus Arteriosus ...

Making sense out of the emerging complexity inherent in professional development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prodromou, Theodosia; Robutti, Ornella; Panero, Monica

2017-12-01

This paper reports on a study of the process of professional development for mathematics teachers. The analysis connects two theoretical frameworks: the Meta-Didactical Transposition model developed by Arzarello et al. (2014), which describes the macro level, and, at the micro level, the idea of emergence, which has been around since at least the time of Aristotle and has been defined by Mill (1843), Lewes (1875), Blitz (1992), Huxley and Huxley (1947) and many others. The meta-didactical transposition model considers the evolution of teachers' practices as part of a community process, while the notion of emergence helps us to gain better insights into the details of the practices of individual teachers. This paper focuses on secondary school teachers' learning of new digital technologies to illuminate this theoretical framework.

A highly efficient transposon mutagenesis system for the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.

PubMed

Kirchner, O; Gartemann, K H; Zellermann, E M; Eichenlaub, R; Burger, A

2001-11-01

A transposon mutagenesis system for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was developed based on antibiotic resistance transposons that were derived from the insertion element IS1409 from Arthrobacter sp. strain TM1 NCIB12013. As a prerequisite, the electroporation efficiency was optimized by using unmethylated DNA and treatment of the cells with glycine such that about 5 x 10(6) transformants per microg of DNA were generally obtained. Electroporation of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with a suicide vector carrying transposon Tn1409C resulted in approximately 1 x 10(3) transposon mutants per pg of DNA and thus is suitable for saturation mutagenesis. Analysis of Tn1409C insertion sites suggests a random mode of transposition. Transposition of Tn1409C was also demonstrated for other subspecies of C. michiganensis.

Popliteal tendon transposition for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle joint in dogs: an experimental study.

PubMed

Monnet, E; Schwarz, P D; Powers, B

1995-01-01

Popliteal tendon transposition was performed in five dogs with surgically induced cranial cruciate ligament rupture. After a lateral approach to the stifle joint, the popliteal tendon was severed distal to the sesamoid bone and transposed cranially onto the tibial crest to mimic the sagittal orientation of the cranial cruciate ligament. The origin of the popliteal tendon on the lateral femoral condyle was preserved. Lameness was not clinically detectable 2 months after surgery. At 6 months postoperatively, there was minimal radiographic and histopathologic evidence of degenerative joint disease in the stifle joints that had underwent surgery. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of meniscal damage found at necropsy 6 months after surgery. Biomechanical studies are warranted before recommending the procedure.

Heterogeneic dynamics of the structures of multiple gene clusters in two pathogenetically different lines originating from the same phytoplasma.

PubMed

Arashida, Ryo; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Hoshi, Ayaka; Ishii, Yoshiko; Jung, Hee-Young; Kagiwada, Satoshi; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou

2008-04-01

Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited plant pathogens that are transmitted by insect vectors and are associated with diseases in hundreds of plant species. Despite their small sizes, phytoplasma genomes have repeat-rich sequences, which are due to several genes that are encoded as multiple copies. These multiple genes exist in a gene cluster, the potential mobile unit (PMU). PMUs are present at several distinct regions in the phytoplasma genome. The multicopy genes encoded by PMUs (herein named mobile unit genes [MUGs]) and similar genes elsewhere in the genome (herein named fundamental genes [FUGs]) are likely to have the same function based on their annotations. In this manuscript we show evidence that MUGs and FUGs do not cluster together within the same clade. Each MUG is in a cluster with a short branch length, suggesting that MUGs are recently diverged paralogs, whereas the origin of FUGs is different from that of MUGs. We also compared the genome structures around the lplA gene in two derivative lines of the 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' OY strain, the severe-symptom line W (OY-W) and the mild-symptom line M (OY-M). The gene organizations of the nucleotide sequences upstream of the lplA genes of OY-W and OY-M were dramatically different. The tra5 insertion sequence, an element of PMUs, was found only in this region in OY-W. These results suggest that transposition of entire PMUs and PMU sections has occurred frequently in the OY phytoplasma genome. The difference in the pathogenicities of OY-W and OY-M might be caused by the duplication and transposition of PMUs, followed by genome rearrangement.

Long-term results after atrial correction of complete transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Merlo, M; de Tommasi, S M; Brunelli, F; Abbruzzese, P A; Crupi, G; Ghidoni, I; Casari, A; Pitì, A; Mamprin, F; Parenzan, L

1991-02-01

This study presents the late results for the first 104 consecutive patients surviving and atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) between January 1971 and December 1978 (group 1). Mean follow-up was 12 years (range, 0.1 to 17.7 years). The actuarial survival rate at 18 years was 84.2% (70% confidence limits, 79% to 88%) for simple TGA and 93.7% (70% confidence limits, 84% to 97%) for complex TGA. Nine of the 11 deaths were sudden. Two (2.6%) of the 78 late survivors operated on for simple TGA are in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV versus 4 (26.7%) of the 15 survivors with complex TGA; the other patients are doing very well. To better assess long-term results, we report the findings for randomly obtained electrocardiograms, Holter monitor recordings, radionuclide angiographic studies, and cardiac catheterizations performed in 1987 in a larger group of 159 long-term survivors of atrial repair operated on at Ospedale Riuniti di Bergamo from January 1971 to December 1984 (group 2), which includes all of group 1. The findings confirm that the arterial switch repair is the procedure of choice for complex TGA and that there is a major incidence (approximately 10%) of systemic right ventricular dysfunction and rhythm disturbances after the atrial repair. On the other hand, our late survival rate at 18 years of 84% for simple TGA with 97.5% of the patients in functional class I is a result that should be kept in mind, especially in institutions where the arterial switch is a relatively new approach and presumably is a higher risk to cause early death.

Testicular expressed genes are missing in familial X-Linked Kallmann syndrome due to two large different deletions in daughter's X chromosomes.

PubMed

Hershkovitz, Eli; Loewenthal, Neta; Peretz, Asaf; Parvari, Ruti

2008-01-01

X-linked Kallmann syndrome (KS) is caused mainly by point mutations, in the KAL1 gene. Large deletions >1 Mb are rare events in the human population and commonly result in contiguous gene syndromes. A search for the mutation causing KS carried out on two pairs of first-degree cousins of 2 sisters. Two different apparently independent deletions were found. The deleted sequences encompass the KAL1 gene and four known additional genes exclusively expressed in testis. Two of these genes belong to the FAM9 gene family, which shares some homology with the SCYP3 gene, previously implicated in azoospermia. One of the events causing the deletion may have been mediated by an L1 transposition, the other by a non-homologous end joining. Such non-homologous recombinations have not yet been reported in the KAL genomic region and thus this area may be more prone to deletions than previously expected. This is the first report on genetic characterization of KS with a deletion of solely testis-expressed genes. The absence of these genes may have unfavorable implications for the patients regarding future fertility. (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

The growth of birdwings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meunier, K.

1980-01-01

Growth and order allometry is defined and applied to the growth of bird effects of negative wing allometry discussed with regard to body size and flight power. Transposition and evolutionary significance are explained.

Facts about Truncus Arteriosis

MedlinePlus

... Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left ... usual two vessels (the main pulmonary artery and aorta ). What is Truncus Arteriosus Click here to view ...

Transposition of the great arteries

MedlinePlus

... that carry blood away from the heart -- the aorta and the pulmonary artery -- are switched (transposed). ... side of the heart and travels out the aorta to the body. In TGA, venous blood returns ...

Restless 5S: the re-arrangement(s) and evolution of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in land plants.

PubMed

Wicke, Susann; Costa, Andrea; Muñoz, Jesùs; Quandt, Dietmar

2011-11-01

Among eukaryotes two types of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) organization have been observed. Either all components, i.e. the small ribosomal subunit, 5.8S, large ribosomal subunit, and 5S occur tandemly arranged or the 5S rDNA forms a separate cluster of its own. Generalizations based on data derived from just a few model organisms have led to a superimposition of structural and evolutionary traits to the entire plant kingdom asserting that plants generally possess separate arrays. This study reveals that plant nrDNA organization into separate arrays is not a distinctive feature, but rather assignable almost solely to seed plants. We show that early diverging land plants and presumably streptophyte algae share a co-localization of all rRNA genes within one repeat unit. This raises the possibility that the state of rDNA gene co-localization had occurred in their common ancestor. Separate rDNA arrays were identified for all basal seed plants and water ferns, implying at least two independent 5S rDNA transposition events during land plant evolution. Screening for 5S derived Cassandra transposable elements which might have played a role during the transposition events, indicated that this retrotransposon is absent in early diverging vascular plants including early fern lineages. Thus, Cassandra can be rejected as a primary mechanism for 5S rDNA transposition in water ferns. However, the evolution of Cassandra and other eukaryotic 5S derived elements might have been a side effect of the 5S rDNA cluster formation. Structural analysis of the intergenic spacers of the ribosomal clusters revealed that transposition events partially affect spacer regions and suggests a slightly different transcription regulation of 5S rDNA in early land plants. 5S rDNA upstream regulatory elements are highly divergent or absent from the LSU-5S spacers of most early divergent land plant lineages. Several putative scenarios and mechanisms involved in the concerted relocation of hundreds of 5S rRNA gene copies are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

AMS fabric and structural record along a strain gradient in an extrusive salt diapir (Kuh-e-Namak, Dashti, Iran)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zavada, Prokop; Schulmann, Karel; Lexa, Ondrej; Machek, Matej; Roxerova, Zuzana; Kusbach, Vladimir

2016-04-01

The AMS record and the halite fabrics on meso- and micro-scale were studied in detail on a well exposed salt extrusive body in Iran. In the Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) mountain salt diapir, the deformation structures in colored salt are displayed along longitudinal profiles across the dome and two glaciers that extend from the NE and SW edge of the dome. The profiles from the dome to the frontal parts of the glaciers reveal a continuous strain gradient associated with transposition of the domal salt fabrics by axial fold cleavage development during flow of rock salt over the ridges in the channel. The extruded salt belongs to the Hormuz sequence of Neo-Proterozoic to Early Cambrian age. From central dome towards especially the northern namakier, structural record revealed zonation from; 1) gravitational collapse related recumbent isoclinal folds in the dome, 2) flat normal shears at the edge of the dome, 3) collapsed vertical layering into flat lying transpositional fabric at the toe of the dome, 4) penetrative fold cleavage transposition of earlier fabrics above the topographical ridge in the base of the flow, locally displaying strong transversal constrictional fabrics, 5) banded mylonites with isoclinal rootless folds in subhorizontally banded frontal and marginal domain of the glacier. The AMS fabric in the rock salt is generated primarily by hematite dispersed in the recrystallized halite. The AMS exhibits three main types of fabric symmetry from clustered all directions (K1,K2,K3, orthogonal fabric) to clustered K1 directions with girdle forming K2,K3 axes and clustered K3 directions with girdle of K1 and K2 directions. The AMS fabric clearly reflects the macroscopic fabric transpositions along the entire investigated strain gradient in the rock salt. Magnetic fabrics reveal continuous trends from bimodal to semi-girdle distribution of foliations in folded and cleavage present regions, to magnetic lineation clustering perpendicular to flow in completely refolded domains and to flat lying orthogonal fabric in mylonites at the frontal and marginal edges of the glacier.

ISAba1 and Tn6168 acquisition by natural transformation leads to third-generation cephalosporins resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

PubMed

Domingues, Sara; Rosário, Natasha; Ben Cheikh, Hadhemi; Da Silva, Gabriela Jorge

2018-05-15

Acinetobacter baumannii has intrinsic beta-lactamase genes, namely ampC and bla OXA-51 -like, which are only strongly expressed when the ISAba1 insertion sequence is upstream the 5' end of the genes. A second ampC gene has also been identified in some clinical A. baumannii strains. The increased expression of these genes leads to resistance to beta-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins and/or carbapenems. The aim of this work was to assess the involvement of natural transformation in the transfer of chromosomal ampC-associated mobile elements, and related changes in the resistance profile of recipient cells. Natural transformation assays with the naturally competent A. baumannii A118 clinical isolate as recipient cell and the multidrug resistant A. baumannii Ab51 clinical isolate as the source of donor DNA produced transformants. All tested transformants showed integration of the ISAba1 close to the ampC gene. In two transformants, the ISAba1 was acquired by transposition and inserted between the usual folE and the ampC genes. The remaining transformants acquired the ISAba1 adjacent to a second ampC gene, as part of Tn6168, likely by homologous recombination. Our study demonstrates that natural transformation can contribute to the widespread of beta-lactams resistance, and acquisition of non-resistant determinants can lead to changes in the susceptibility profile of A. baumannii strains. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

What Is a Cardiothoracic Surgeon?

MedlinePlus

... Heart Disease Diseases of the arteries, valves, and aorta, as well as cardiac rhythm disturbances Aortic Valve ... Transposition of the Great Arteries Coarctation of the Aorta Truncus Arteriosus Single Ventricle Defects Patent Ductus Arteriosus ...

Birth Defects Data and Statistics

MedlinePlus

... Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left ... Syndrome Disorders Gastroschisis Heart Defects Coarctation of the Aorta Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Tetralogy of Fallot Other ...

From Greeks to Today: Cipher Trees and Computer Cryptography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grady, M. Tim; Brumbaugh, Doug

1988-01-01

Explores the use of computers for teaching mathematical models of transposition ciphers. Illustrates the ideas, includes activities and extensions, provides a mathematical model and includes computer programs to implement these topics. (MVL)

Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta D-Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left ... is very small. The ascending portion of the aorta is underdeveloped or is too small. Often, babies ...

Genetics Home Reference: critical congenital heart disease

MedlinePlus

... into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination ... defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta , double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the ...

Understanding pressure: didactical transpositions and pupils' conceptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kariotogloy, P.; Psillos, D.; Vallassiades, O.

1990-03-01

Using the concept of pressure two research trends-content analysis and pupils' conceptions of subject matter-are drawn together, in an attempt to understand the issues in teaching and learning specific domains of physics.

Parallel approach on sorting of genes in search of optimal solution.

PubMed

Kumar, Pranav; Sahoo, G

2018-05-01

An important tool for comparing genome analysis is the rearrangement event that can transform one given genome into other. For finding minimum sequence of fission and fusion, we have proposed here an algorithm and have shown a transformation example for converting the source genome into the target genome. The proposed algorithm comprises of circular sequence i.e. "cycle graph" in place of mapping. The main concept of algorithm is based on optimal result of permutation. These sorting processes are performed in constant running time by showing permutation in the form of cycle. In biological instances it has been observed that transposition occurs half of the frequency as that of reversal. In this paper we are not dealing with reversal instead commencing with the rearrangement of fission, fusion as well as transposition. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Size matters: versatile use of PiggyBac transposons as a genetic manipulation tool.

PubMed

Kim, Adele; Pyykko, Ilmari

2011-08-01

Transposons have been promising elements for gene integration, and the Sleeping Beauty (SB) system has been the major one for many years, although there have been several other transposon systems available, for example, Tol2. However, recently another system known as PiggyBac (PB) has been introduced and developed for fulfilling the same purposes, for example, mutagenesis, transgenesis and gene therapy and in some cases with improved transposition efficiency and advantages over the Sleeping Beauty transposon system, although improved hyperactive transposase has highly increased the transposition efficacy for SB. The PB systems have been used in many different scientific research fields; therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe some of these versatile uses of the PiggyBac system to give readers an overview on the usage of PiggyBac system.

Redefining the MED13L syndrome

PubMed Central

Adegbola, Abidemi; Musante, Luciana; Callewaert, Bert; Maciel, Patricia; Hu, Hao; Isidor, Bertrand; Picker-Minh, Sylvie; Le Caignec, Cedric; Delle Chiaie, Barbara; Vanakker, Olivier; Menten, Björn; Dheedene, Annelies; Bockaert, Nele; Roelens, Filip; Decaestecker, Karin; Silva, João; Soares, Gabriela; Lopes, Fátima; Najmabadi, Hossein; Kahrizi, Kimia; Cox, Gerald F; Angus, Steven P; Staropoli, John F; Fischer, Ute; Suckow, Vanessa; Bartsch, Oliver; Chess, Andrew; Ropers, Hans-Hilger; Wienker, Thomas F; Hübner, Christoph; Kaindl, Angela M; Kalscheuer, Vera M

2015-01-01

Congenital cardiac and neurodevelopmental deficits have been recently linked to the mediator complex subunit 13-like protein MED13L, a subunit of the CDK8-associated mediator complex that functions in transcriptional regulation through DNA-binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Heterozygous MED13L variants cause transposition of the great arteries and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we report eight patients with predominantly novel MED13L variants who lack such complex congenital heart malformations. Rather, they depict a syndromic form of ID characterized by facial dysmorphism, ID, speech impairment, motor developmental delay with muscular hypotonia and behavioral difficulties. We thereby define a novel syndrome and significantly broaden the clinical spectrum associated with MED13L variants. A prominent feature of the MED13L neurocognitive presentation is profound language impairment, often in combination with articulatory deficits. PMID:25758992

Redefining the MED13L syndrome.

PubMed

Adegbola, Abidemi; Musante, Luciana; Callewaert, Bert; Maciel, Patricia; Hu, Hao; Isidor, Bertrand; Picker-Minh, Sylvie; Le Caignec, Cedric; Delle Chiaie, Barbara; Vanakker, Olivier; Menten, Björn; Dheedene, Annelies; Bockaert, Nele; Roelens, Filip; Decaestecker, Karin; Silva, João; Soares, Gabriela; Lopes, Fátima; Najmabadi, Hossein; Kahrizi, Kimia; Cox, Gerald F; Angus, Steven P; Staropoli, John F; Fischer, Ute; Suckow, Vanessa; Bartsch, Oliver; Chess, Andrew; Ropers, Hans-Hilger; Wienker, Thomas F; Hübner, Christoph; Kaindl, Angela M; Kalscheuer, Vera M

2015-10-01

Congenital cardiac and neurodevelopmental deficits have been recently linked to the mediator complex subunit 13-like protein MED13L, a subunit of the CDK8-associated mediator complex that functions in transcriptional regulation through DNA-binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Heterozygous MED13L variants cause transposition of the great arteries and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we report eight patients with predominantly novel MED13L variants who lack such complex congenital heart malformations. Rather, they depict a syndromic form of ID characterized by facial dysmorphism, ID, speech impairment, motor developmental delay with muscular hypotonia and behavioral difficulties. We thereby define a novel syndrome and significantly broaden the clinical spectrum associated with MED13L variants. A prominent feature of the MED13L neurocognitive presentation is profound language impairment, often in combination with articulatory deficits.

Development of reconstructive blepharoplasty: the temporofacial rotation flap. Was it first conceived on the Spree, on the Seine, or on the Manzanares?

PubMed

Hinderer, U T

1993-01-01

The development of reconstructive blepharoplasty in the 19th century is analyzed and the techniques classified according to their principles. Besides the main contributions of French, German, and Italian plastic surgeons, those made by two Spanish surgeons are summarized. Argumosa, who published an article on the tempororotation flap two years before Dieffenbach, and Hysern, who developed the first musculocutaneous transposition flaps for eyelid reconstruction, are usually omitted in the literature. After Dieffenbach's publication, German and French surgeons argued about who contributed to the development of plastic surgery in general and to blepharoplasty in particular, while in Spain controversies arose about the importance of Hysern's and Argumosa's contributions. The background and causes of these disputes are analyzed and compared with the present day dissemination and publication of new techniques.

Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction related to crossing vessels: vascular anatomic variations and implication for surgical approaches.

PubMed

Panthier, Frédéric; Lareyre, Fabien; Audouin, Marie; Raffort, Juliette

2018-03-01

Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction corresponds to an impairment of urinary transport that can lead to renal dysfunction if not treated. Several mechanisms can cause the obstruction of the ureter including intrinsic factors or extrinsic factors such as the presence of crossing vessels. The treatment of the disease relies on surgical approaches, pyeloplasty being the standard reference. The technique consists in removing the pathologic ureteric segment and renal pelvis and transposing associated crossing vessels if present. The vascular anatomy of the pelvi-ureteric junction is complex and varies among individuals, and this can impact on the disease development and its surgical treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on vascular anatomic variations in the pelvi-ureteric junction. Based on anatomic characteristics, we discuss implications for surgical approaches during pyeloplasty and vessel transposition.

Fungicide-induced transposon movement in Monilinia fructicola.

PubMed

Chen, Fengping; Everhart, Sydney E; Bryson, P Karen; Luo, Chaoxi; Song, Xi; Liu, Xili; Schnabel, Guido

2015-12-01

Repeated applications of fungicides with a single mode of action are believed to select for pre-existing resistant strains in a pathogen population, while the impact of sub-lethal doses of such fungicides on sensitive members of the population is unknown. In this study, in vitro evidence is presented that continuous exposure of Monilinia fructicola mycelium to some fungicides can induce genetic change in form of transposon transposition. Three fungicide-sensitive M. fructicola isolates were exposed in 12 weekly transfers of mycelia to a dose gradient of demethylation inhibitor fungicide (DMI) SYP-Z048 and quinone outside inhibitor fungicide (QoI) azoxystrobin in solo or mixture treatments. Evidence of mutagenesis was assessed by monitoring Mftc1, a multicopy transposable element of M. fructicola, by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Movement of Mftc1 was observed following azoxystrobin and azoxystrobin plus SYP-Z048 treatments in two of the three isolates, but not in the non-fungicide-treated controls. Interestingly, the upstream promoter region of MfCYP51 was a prime target for Mftc1 transposition in these isolates. Transposition of Mftc1 was verified by Southern blot in two of three isolates from another, similar experiment following prolonged, sublethal azoxystrobin exposure, although in these isolates movement of Mftc1 in the upstream MfCYP51 promoter region was not observed. More research is warranted to determine whether fungicide-induced mutagenesis may also happen under field conditions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Anterior subcutaneous transposition of ulnar nerve with fascial flap and complete excision of medial intermuscular septum in cubital tunnel syndrome: a prospective patient cohort.

PubMed

Hamidreza, Aslani; Saeid, Abrishami; Mohammadreza, Dehghanfard; Zohreh, Zaferani; Mehdi, Saeidpour

2011-10-01

Regarding the frequency of cubital tunnel syndrome, varieties of treatment modalities, and ambiguity of anterior subcutaneous transposition of ulnar nerve method, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome referred to Taleghani hospital between 2006 and 2009. This study was a case series including all referred patients with definite diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome, treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition. Treatment results were measured according to modified Bishop rating system, and were ranked into excellent, good, fair, and poor. Variables such as gender, age (less/more than 45 years), causation, and initial severity, determined by Dellon criteria preoperatively, were analyzed by Fisher's exact test. This study was performed on 26 eligible cases including 29 elbows, 38% males and 62.1% females, with mean age of 44.5 years (ranging 23-72 years). In a 12 months follow-up post-operatively, 62% showed excellent, 20.7% good, and 17.3% fair, with no poor result. In a 1-12 months follow-up post-operatively, results showed improvement, and initial severity and old age were demonstrated to significantly affect treatment results (P<0.07). Though considered standard of care, the present study suggests that criteria for surgical techniques of ulnar nerve decompression, e.g. simple decompression vs. more extensive repair as in the present cohort, should be revised by controlled prospective studies. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surgical technique of double switch procedure: Senning with arterial switch operation for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect.

PubMed

Ilin, Alexey S; Teplov, Pavel V; Sakovich, Valeriy A; Ohye, Richard G

2016-01-01

We present a case of 12-month-old boy with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries with L-looped ventricles and L-transposition of great arteries and ventricular septal defect. When admitted to the hospital, the patient had the appearance of congestive heart failure due to moderate to severe tricuspid valve regurgitation and right ventricle dysfunction. The pulmonary artery (PA) banding was required first because of low systolic pressure in the morphological left ventricle less than 70% confirmed by catheterization. Three months later, the patient appeared to be a good candidate for anatomical repair and a double switch procedure-Senning with arterial switch-was performed. The early postoperative period was relatively smooth and uneventful. Tricuspid valve insufficiency was resolved immediately after surgery. Mild systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle with mild mitral insufficiency was confirmed by the 2D strain method of echocardiography on the second day of the postoperative period and it improved over the next 21 days. Thirty days later after the procedure, the patient underwent catheterization of his superior vena cava tunnel because of the slightly increased blood flow velocity diagnosed by echocardiography. In 3 months after the surgery, the boy was asymptomatic and was doing well. The patient's functional status was I according to the NYHA classification. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

A Genetic and Molecular Analysis of the 46c Chromosomal Region Surrounding the Fmrfamide Neuropeptide Gene in Drosophila Melanogaster

PubMed Central

O'Brien, M. A.; Roberts, M. S.; Taghert, P. H.

1994-01-01

We have analyzed the FMRFamide neuropeptide gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. This gene maps to the 46C region of chromosome 2R; this interval previously was not well characterized. For this genetic and molecular analysis, we have used X-ray mutagenesis, EMS mutagenesis, and the recently reported local P element transposition method. We identified four overlapping deletions, two of which have proximal breakpoints that define a 50-60-kb region surrounding the FMRFamide gene in 46C. To this small region, we mapped three lethal complementation groups; 10 additional lethal complementation groups were mapped to more distal regions of 46CD. One of these groups corresponds to even-skipped, the other 12 are previously unidentified. Using various lines of evidence we excluded the possibility that FMRFamide corresponds to any of the three lethal complementation groups mapping to its immediate 50-60-kb vicinity. The positions of two of the three lethal complementation groups were identified with P elements using a local transposition scheme. The third lethal complementation group was excluded as being FMRFamide mutants by sequence analysis and by immunocytochemistry with proFMRFamide precursor-specific antibodies. This analysis has (1) provided a genetic map of the 46CD chromosomal region and a detailed molecular map of a portion of the 46C region and (2) provided additional evidence of the utility of local transposition for targeting nearby genes. PMID:8056304

A general heuristic for genome rearrangement problems.

PubMed

Dias, Ulisses; Galvão, Gustavo Rodrigues; Lintzmayer, Carla Négri; Dias, Zanoni

2014-06-01

In this paper, we present a general heuristic for several problems in the genome rearrangement field. Our heuristic does not solve any problem directly, it is rather used to improve the solutions provided by any non-optimal algorithm that solve them. Therefore, we have implemented several algorithms described in the literature and several algorithms developed by ourselves. As a whole, we implemented 23 algorithms for 9 well known problems in the genome rearrangement field. A total of 13 algorithms were implemented for problems that use the notions of prefix and suffix operations. In addition, we worked on 5 algorithms for the classic problem of sorting by transposition and we conclude the experiments by presenting results for 3 approximation algorithms for the sorting by reversals and transpositions problem and 2 approximation algorithms for the sorting by reversals problem. Another algorithm with better approximation ratio can be found for the last genome rearrangement problem, but it is purely theoretical with no practical implementation. The algorithms we implemented in addition to our heuristic lead to the best practical results in each case. In particular, we were able to improve results on the sorting by transpositions problem, which is a very special case because many efforts have been made to generate algorithms with good results in practice and some of these algorithms provide results that equal the optimum solutions in many cases. Our source codes and benchmarks are freely available upon request from the authors so that it will be easier to compare new approaches against our results.

The surgical treatment of ilio-femoral venous obstruction.

PubMed

Illuminati, G; Caliò, F G; D'Urso, A; Mancini, P; Papaspyropoulos, V; Ceccanei, G; Lorusso, R; Vietri, F

2004-01-01

A series of 9 patients of a mean age of 48 years, operated on for compression of the ilio-femoral venous axis is reported. The cause of obstruction was external compression in 3 cases, a retroperitoneal sarcoma in 1 case, and an infrarenal aortic aneurysm in 2. Two patients presented with a Cockett's syndrome, 3 with a chronic ilio-femoral thrombosis, and one with a post-traumatic segmentary stenosis. Treatment consisted in a resection/Dacron grafting of 2 infrarenal aortic aneurysms, one femoro-caval bypass graft, 2 transpositions of the right common iliac artery in the left hypogastric artery for Cockett's syndrome, 3 Palma's operations for chronic thrombosis, and one internal jugular vein interposition for segmentary stenosis. There were no postoperative deaths and no early thromboses of venous reconstructions performed. All the patients were relieved of symptoms during the follow-up period, whose mean length was 38 months. The cause of venous obstruction and the presence of symptoms which are resistant to medical treatment are the main indications to ilio-femoral venous revascularization. The choice of the optimal treatment in each single case yields satisfactory results.

Reproduction and Survival After Cardiac Defect Repair

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-02-17

Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Defect, Congenital Heart; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Transposition of Great Vessels; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Down Syndrome; Tetralogy of Fallot; Pulmonic Stenosis; Coarctation of Aorta

Barbara McClintock, Jumping Genes, and Transposition

Science.gov Websites

genetics, to which McClintock made seminal contributions both experimental and conceptual, has come to (CSHL) Top Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from

Endometrial response to endogenous hormones after pelvic irradiation for genital malignancies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larson, J.E.; Whitney, C.W.; Zaino, R.

1990-01-01

Two cases are presented which demonstrate histologically an endometrial response to endogenous hormones after pelvic teletherapy and brachytherapy in patients who have undergone lateral ovarian transposition. Reasons for such a response are briefly discussed.

Successful initiation and maintenance of hemodialysis in an adult patient with complete transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Yamada, Shunsuke; Yotsueda, Hideki; Taniguchi, Masatomo; Tsuruya, Kazuhiko; Hirakata, Hideki; Iida, Mitsuo

2010-10-01

Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a life-threatening cardiac defect that requires palliative or corrective surgery in early life. Major advances in medical and surgical management have resulted in the survival of CCHD patients to adulthood with or without corrective surgery, though some are at risk of development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to cyanotic nephropathy (CN). There is little or no information on the initiation and maintenance of hemodialysis (HD) in such patients. We present here a case of a 44-year-old man with complete transposition of the great arteries and CN-related ESRD. He had only received a bi-directional Glenn's operation and still suffered persistent severe hypoxemia and impaired cardiac function. ESRD was successfully treated with HD over more than 4 years. The case emphasizes the need for special attention in the selection and initiation of renal replacement therapy.

Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Adults with Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Review of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement

PubMed Central

Cedars, Ari M.

2015-01-01

Transposition of the great arteries encompasses a set of structural congenital cardiac lesions that has in common ventriculoarterial discordance. Primarily because of advances in medical and surgical care, an increasing number of children born with this anomaly are surviving into adulthood. Depending upon the subtype of lesion or the particular corrective surgery that the patient might have undergone, this group of adult congenital heart disease patients constitutes a relatively new population with unique medical sequelae. Among the more common and difficult to manage are cardiac arrhythmias and other sequelae that can lead to sudden cardiac death. To date, the question of whether implantable cardioverter-defibrillators should be placed in this cohort as a preventive measure to abort sudden death has largely gone unanswered. Therefore, we review the available literature surrounding this issue. PMID:26413012

Transposable elements in Drosophila.

PubMed

McCullers, Tabitha J; Steiniger, Mindy

2017-01-01

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can mobilize within host genomes. As TEs comprise more than 40% of the human genome and are linked to numerous diseases, understanding their mechanisms of mobilization and regulation is important. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for the study of eukaryotic TEs as its genome contains a diverse array of active TEs. TEs universally impact host genome size via transposition and deletion events, but may also adopt unique functional roles in host organisms. There are 2 main classes of TEs: DNA transposons and retrotransposons. These classes are further divided into subgroups of TEs with unique structural and functional characteristics, demonstrating the significant variability among these elements. Despite this variability, D. melanogaster and other eukaryotic organisms utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate TEs. This review focuses on the transposition mechanisms and regulatory pathways of TEs, and their functional roles in D. melanogaster .

[Active miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements transposon in plants: a review].

PubMed

Hu, Bingjie; Zhou, Mingbing

2018-02-25

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements transposon is a special transposon that could transpose by "cut-paste" mechanism, which is one of characteristics of DNA transposons. Otherwise, the copy number of MITEs is very high, which is one of characteristics of RNA transposons. Many MITE families have been reported, but little about active MITEs. We summarize recent advances in studying active MITEs. Most the MITEs belong to the Tourist-like family, such as mPing, mGing, PhTourist1, Tmi1 and PhTst-3. Additionally, DTstu1 and MITE-39 belong to Stowaway-like family, and AhMITEs1 belongs to Mutator-like family. Moreover, we summarize the structure (terminal inverse repeats and target site duplications), copy number, evolution pattern and transposition characteristics of these active MITEs, to provide the foundation for the identification of other active MITEs and subsequent research on MITE transposition and amplification mechanism.

The Gam protein of bacteriophage Mu is an orthologue of eukaryotic Ku

PubMed Central

di Fagagna, Fabrizio d'Adda; Weller, Geoffrey R.; Doherty, Aidan J.; Jackson, Stephen P.

2003-01-01

Mu bacteriophage inserts its DNA into the genome of host bacteria and is used as a model for DNA transposition events in other systems. The eukaryotic Ku protein has key roles in DNA repair and in certain transposition events. Here we show that the Gam protein of phage Mu is conserved in bacteria, has sequence homology with both subunits of Ku, and has the potential to adopt a similar architecture to the core DNA-binding region of Ku. Through biochemical studies, we demonstrate that Gam and the related protein of Haemophilus influenzae display DNA binding characteristics remarkably similar to those of human Ku. In addition, we show that Gam can interfere with Ty1 retrotransposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These data reveal structural and functional parallels between bacteriophage Gam and eukaryotic Ku and suggest that their functions have been evolutionarily conserved. PMID:12524520

Transposable elements in Drosophila

PubMed Central

McCullers, Tabitha J.; Steiniger, Mindy

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can mobilize within host genomes. As TEs comprise more than 40% of the human genome and are linked to numerous diseases, understanding their mechanisms of mobilization and regulation is important. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for the study of eukaryotic TEs as its genome contains a diverse array of active TEs. TEs universally impact host genome size via transposition and deletion events, but may also adopt unique functional roles in host organisms. There are 2 main classes of TEs: DNA transposons and retrotransposons. These classes are further divided into subgroups of TEs with unique structural and functional characteristics, demonstrating the significant variability among these elements. Despite this variability, D. melanogaster and other eukaryotic organisms utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate TEs. This review focuses on the transposition mechanisms and regulatory pathways of TEs, and their functional roles in D. melanogaster. PMID:28580197

The midline-based nasolabial transposition (MNT) flap: an original single-stage technique for nasal tip reconstruction.

PubMed

Beustes-Stefanelli, Matthieu; O'Toole, Greg; Schertenleib, Pierre

2015-04-01

Nasolabial flaps based on the lateral side of the nose for the reconstruction of lateral nasal defects in a single-stage procedure have been described. Similarly, in midline defects, nasolabial flaps can be used but a 2-stage procedure is classically required. The Midline-based Nasolabial Transposition (MNT) flap is presented as a new single-stage procedure for nasal tip reconstruction. Between 2009 and 2011, an MNT flap was used as a single-stage procedure in 3 cases of large nasal defects of the tip where the forehead flap was either contraindicated or rejected as an option by the patient. There were no complications and a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved in all cases. The MNT flap is a new single-stage procedure for large nasal tip defects and as such represents an interesting alternative to the classical 2-stage forehead and nasolabial flaps, especially in elderly patients.

Targeting of a Nuclease to Murine Leukemia Virus Capsids Inhibits Viral Multiplication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Natsoulis, Georges; Seshaiah, Partha; Federspiel, Mark J.; Rein, Alan; Hughes, Stephen H.; Boeke, Jef D.

1995-01-01

Capsid-targeted viral inactivation is an antiviral strategy in which toxic fusion proteins are targeted to virions, where they inhibit viral multiplication by destroying viral components. These fusion proteins consist of a virion structural protein moiety and an enzymatic moiety such as a nuclease. Such fusion proteins can severely inhibit transposition of yeast retrotransposon Ty1, an element whose transposition mechanistically resembles retroviral multiplication. We demonstrate that expression of a murine retrovirus capsid-staphylococcal nuclease fusion protein inhibits multiplication of the corresponding murine leukemia virus by 30- to 100-fold. Staphylococcal nuclease is apparently inactive intracellularly and hence nontoxic to the host cell, but it is active extracellularly because of its requirement for high concentrations of Ca2+ ions. Virions assembled in and shed from cells expressing the fusion protein contain very small amounts of intact viral RNA, as would be predicted for nuclease-mediated inhibition of viral multiplication.

A faster 1.375-approximation algorithm for sorting by transpositions.

PubMed

Cunha, Luís Felipe I; Kowada, Luis Antonio B; Hausen, Rodrigo de A; de Figueiredo, Celina M H

2015-11-01

Sorting by Transpositions is an NP-hard problem for which several polynomial-time approximation algorithms have been developed. Hartman and Shamir (2006) developed a 1.5-approximation [Formula: see text] algorithm, whose running time was improved to O(nlogn) by Feng and Zhu (2007) with a data structure they defined, the permutation tree. Elias and Hartman (2006) developed a 1.375-approximation O(n(2)) algorithm, and Firoz et al. (2011) claimed an improvement to the running time, from O(n(2)) to O(nlogn), by using the permutation tree. We provide counter-examples to the correctness of Firoz et al.'s strategy, showing that it is not possible to reach a component by sufficient extensions using the method proposed by them. In addition, we propose a 1.375-approximation algorithm, modifying Elias and Hartman's approach with the use of permutation trees and achieving O(nlogn) time.

Transposition of the maize transposable element Ac in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

PubMed

Scholz, S; Lörz, H; Lütticke, S

2001-01-01

Transposition of the maize autonomous element Ac (Activator) was investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the aim of developing a transposon tagging system for the latter. The Ac element was introduced into meristematic tissue of barley by microprojectile bombardment. Transposon activity was then examined in the resulting transgenic plants. Multiple excision events were detected in leaf tissue of all plant lines. The mobile elements generated empty donor sites with small DNA sequence alterations, similar to those found in maize. Reintegration of Ac at independent genomic loci in somatic tissue was demonstrated by isolation of new element-flanking regions by AIMS-PCR (amplification of insertion-mutagenized sites). In addition, transmission of transposed Ac elements to progeny plants was confirmed. The results indicate that the introduced Ac element is able to transpose in barley. This is a first step towards the establishment of a transposon tagging system in this economically important crop.

In vitro evaluation of physiological spiral anastomoses for the arterial switch operation in simple transposition of the great arteries: a first step towards a surgical alternative?

PubMed

Sievers, Hans-Hinrich; Scharfschwerdt, Michael; Putman, Léon M

2015-08-01

The currently most frequently used technique for the arterial switch operation (ASO) in simple transposition of the great arteries (TGA) includes the transposition of the pulmonary artery anterior to the ascending aorta. This arterial arrangement is less anatomical, and although the initial results are excellent, some long-term data are indicating a certain risk of morbidity, encouraging the search for more physiological techniques. As a first step, we studied the feasibility of anatomical spiral anastomoses of the great vessels in vitro. A TGA model was constructed to simulate the different spatial positions of the great arteries followed by ASO with physiological spiral connections of the great arteries. It was possible to perform a physiological spiral connection of the great arteries without tension or torsion when the roots of the great vessels were arranged anterior-posterior and with up to 35° rotation of the aortic root to the right around the pulmonary root. With further rotation of the aorta, patch plasties were required for pulmonary artery elongation. The maximal width of the patch was 5 mm. In this TGA model, it was possible to perform tension- and torsion-free arterial anastomoses for ASO without artificial material, when the aortic root was positioned from 0° up to 35° to the right of the pulmonary root. Evaluation of coronary transfer is the next step. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

One WEEE, many species: lessons from the European experience.

PubMed

Deepali Sinha Khetriwal; Widmer, Rolf; Kuehr, Ruediger; Huisman, Jaco

2011-09-01

Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) pervades modern lifestyles, but its quick obsolescence is resulting in huge quantities of EEE to be disposed of. This fast-growing waste stream has been recognized for its hazard potential. The European Union's (EU) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive was essentially in response to the toxicity of e-waste - to ensure that it was collected and treated in an environmentally sound manner. Since then, the WEEE Directive has expanded its aims to include recovery of valuable resources as a means to reduce raw material extraction. With these objectives in mind, the Directive sets a common minimum legislative framework for all EU member states. However, the transposition of the Directive into national legislations has meant many differences in actual implementation models. There are 27 national transpositions of the Directive with different definitions, provisions and agreements. Each legislation reflects national situations, whether they are geographical considerations, legislative history, the influence of lobby groups and other national priorities. Although this diversity in legislations has meant massive problems in compliance and enforcement, it provides an opportunity to get an insight into the possible operational models of e-waste legislation. Building on the study by the United Nations University commissioned by the European Commission as part of its 2008 Review of the WEEE Directive, the paper identifies some key features of the Directive as well as legislative and operational differences in transposition and implementation in the various members states. The paper discusses the successes and challenges of the Directive and concludes with lessons learnt from the European experience.

Assessing Working Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Serial Order Recall.

PubMed

Emrani, Sheina; Libon, David J; Lamar, Melissa; Price, Catherine C; Jefferson, Angela L; Gifford, Katherine A; Hohman, Timothy J; Nation, Daniel A; Delano-Wood, Lisa; Jak, Amy; Bangen, Katherine J; Bondi, Mark W; Brickman, Adam M; Manly, Jennifer; Swenson, Rodney; Au, Rhoda

2018-01-01

Working memory (WM) is often assessed with serial order tests such as repeating digits backward. In prior dementia research using the Backward Digit Span Test (BDT), only aggregate test performance was examined. The current research tallied primacy/recency effects, out-of-sequence transposition errors, perseverations, and omissions to assess WM deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Memory clinic patients (n = 66) were classified into three groups: single domain amnestic MCI (aMCI), combined mixed domain/dysexecutive MCI (mixed/dys MCI), and non-MCI where patients did not meet criteria for MCI. Serial order/WM ability was assessed by asking participants to repeat 7 trials of five digits backwards. Serial order position accuracy, transposition errors, perseverations, and omission errors were tallied. A 3 (group)×5 (serial position) repeated measures ANOVA yielded a significant group×trial interaction. Follow-up analyses found attenuation of the recency effect for mixed/dys MCI patients. Mixed/dys MCI patients scored lower than non-MCI patients for serial position 3 (p < 0.003) serial position 4 (p < 0.002); and lower than both group for serial position 5 (recency; p < 0.002). Mixed/dys MCI patients also produced more transposition errors than both groups (p < 0.010); and more omissions (p < 0.020), and perseverations errors (p < 0.018) than non-MCI patients. The attenuation of a recency effect using serial order parameters obtained from the BDT may provide a useful operational definition as well as additional diagnostic information regarding working memory deficits in MCI.

Left Ventricular Retraining and Late Arterial Switch for D-Transposition of the Great Arteries.

PubMed

Watanabe, Naruhito; Mainwaring, Richard D; Carrillo, Sergio A; Lui, George K; Reddy, V Mohan; Hanley, Frank L

2015-05-01

For many decades, patients with d-transposition of the great arteries underwent an atrial switch procedure. Although many of these patients have continued to do well, a subset experience profound right ventricular failure. Some may be candidates for left ventricular (LV) retraining and late arterial switch. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with LV retraining and late arterial switch. This was a retrospective review of 32 patients with d-transposition. Thirty patients underwent a previous atrial switch and subsequently experienced right ventricular failure, whereas 2 presented late (8 months and 6 years) without previous intervention. The median age at the time of enrollment in this program was 15 years. Seven patients proceeded directly to late arterial switch owing to systemic LV pressures. The remaining 25 underwent a pulmonary artery band for LV retraining. Twenty of the 32 (63%) patients enrolled in this program were able to undergo a late arterial switch. There were 2 operative mortalities (10%). Two additional patients survived surgery but died in the early outpatient time period. There has been no late mortality after the arterial switch with a median follow-up of 5 years. Twelve patients underwent one or more pulmonary artery band procedures without evidence of effective LV retraining. There have been 2 early and 3 late (42%) deaths in this subgroup. The outcomes after arterial switch are encouraging and suggest that LV retraining and late arterial switch provide a viable option for this complex group of patients. Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A complex structure in the mRNA of Tf1 is recognized and cleaved to generate the primer of reverse transcription.

PubMed

Lin, J H; Levin, H L

1997-01-15

All retroviruses and LTR-containing retrotransposons are thought to require specific tRNA molecules to serve as primers of reverse transcription. An exception is the LTR-containing retrotransposon Tf1, isolated from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Instead of requiring a tRNA, the reverse transcriptase of Tf1 uses the first 11 bases of the Tf1 transcript as the primer for reverse transcription. The primer is generated by a cleavage that occurs between bases 11 and 12 of the Tf1 mRNA. Sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region of the Tf1 mRNA resulted in the identification of a region with the potential to form an RNA structure of 89 bases that included the primer binding site and the first 11 bases of the Tf1 mRNA. Systematic mutagenesis of this region revealed 34 single-point mutants in the structure that resulted in reduced transposition activity. The defects in transposition correlated with reduced level of Tf1 reverse transcripts as determined by DNA blot analysis. Evidence that the RNA structure did form in vivo included the result that strains with second site mutations that restored complementarity resulted in increased levels of reverse transcripts and Tf1 transposition. The majority of the mutants defective for reverse transcription were unable to cleave the Tf1 mRNA between bases 11 and 12. These data indicate that formation of an extensive RNA structure was required for the cleavage reaction that generated the primer for Tf1 reverse transcription.

Effect of Orthographic Processes on Letter Identity and Letter-Position Encoding in Dyslexic Children

PubMed Central

Reilhac, Caroline; Jucla, Mélanie; Iannuzzi, Stéphanie; Valdois, Sylviane; Démonet, Jean-François

2012-01-01

The ability to identify letters and encode their position is a crucial step of the word recognition process. However and despite their word identification problem, the ability of dyslexic children to encode letter identity and letter-position within strings was not systematically investigated. This study aimed at filling this gap and further explored how letter identity and letter-position encoding is modulated by letter context in developmental dyslexia. For this purpose, a letter-string comparison task was administered to French dyslexic children and two chronological age (CA) and reading age (RA)-matched control groups. Children had to judge whether two successively and briefly presented four-letter strings were identical or different. Letter-position and letter identity were manipulated through the transposition (e.g., RTGM vs. RMGT) or substitution of two letters (e.g., TSHF vs. TGHD). Non-words, pseudo-words, and words were used as stimuli to investigate sub-lexical and lexical effects on letter encoding. Dyslexic children showed both substitution and transposition detection problems relative to CA-controls. A substitution advantage over transpositions was only found for words in dyslexic children whereas it extended to pseudo-words in RA-controls and to all type of items in CA-controls. Letters were better identified in the dyslexic group when belonging to orthographically familiar strings. Letter-position encoding was very impaired in dyslexic children who did not show any word context effect in contrast to CA-controls. Overall, the current findings point to a strong letter identity and letter-position encoding disorder in developmental dyslexia. PMID:22661961

A bacterial genome in transition - an exceptional enrichment of IS elements but lack of evidence for recent transposition in the symbiont Amoebophilus asiaticus

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Insertion sequence (IS) elements are important mediators of genome plasticity and are widespread among bacterial and archaeal genomes. The 1.88 Mbp genome of the obligate intracellular amoeba symbiont Amoebophilus asiaticus contains an unusually large number of transposase genes (n = 354; 23% of all genes). Results The transposase genes in the A. asiaticus genome can be assigned to 16 different IS elements termed ISCaa1 to ISCaa16, which are represented by 2 to 24 full-length copies, respectively. Despite this high IS element load, the A. asiaticus genome displays a GC skew pattern typical for most bacterial genomes, indicating that no major rearrangements have occurred recently. Additionally, the high sequence divergence of some IS elements, the high number of truncated IS element copies (n = 143), as well as the absence of direct repeats in most IS elements suggest that the IS elements of A. asiaticus are transpositionally inactive. Although we could show transcription of 13 IS elements, we did not find experimental evidence for transpositional activity, corroborating our results from sequence analyses. However, we detected contiguous transcripts between IS elements and their downstream genes at nine loci in the A. asiaticus genome, indicating that some IS elements influence the transcription of downstream genes, some of which might be important for host cell interaction. Conclusions Taken together, the IS elements in the A. asiaticus genome are currently in the process of degradation and largely represent reflections of the evolutionary past of A. asiaticus in which its genome was shaped by their activity. PMID:21943072

Transpositional reactivation of the Dart transposon family in rice lines derived from introgressive hybridization with Zizania latifolia.

PubMed

Wang, Ningning; Wang, Hongyan; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Di; Wu, Ying; Ou, Xiufang; Liu, Shuang; Dong, Zhenying; Liu, Bao

2010-08-26

It is widely recognized that interspecific hybridization may induce "genome shock", and lead to genetic and epigenetic instabilities in the resultant hybrids and/or backcrossed introgressants. A prominent component involved in the genome shock is reactivation of cryptic transposable elements (TEs) in the hybrid genome, which is often associated with alteration in the elements' epigenetic modifications like cytosine DNA methylation. We have previously reported that introgressants derived from hybridization between Oryza sativa (rice) and Zizania latifolia manifested substantial methylation re-patterning and rampant mobilization of two TEs, a copia retrotransposon Tos17 and a MITE mPing. It was not known however whether other types of TEs had also been transpositionally reactivated in these introgressants, their relevance to alteration in cytosine methylation, and their impact on expression of adjacent cellular genes. We document in this study that the Dart TE family was transpositionally reactivated followed by stabilization in all three studied introgressants (RZ1, RZ2 and RZ35) derived from introgressive hybridization between rice (cv. Matsumae) and Z. latifolia, while the TEs remained quiescent in the recipient rice genome. Transposon-display (TD) and sequencing verified the element's mobility and mapped the excisions and re-insertions to the rice chromosomes. Methylation-sensitive Southern blotting showed that the Dart TEs were heavily methylated along their entire length, and moderate alteration in cytosine methylation patterns occurred in the introgressants relative to their rice parental line. Real-time qRT-PCR quantification on the relative transcript abundance of six single-copy genes flanking the newly excised or inserted Dart-related TE copies indicated that whereas marked difference in the expression of all four genes in both tissues (leaf and root) were detected between the introgressants and their rice parental line under both normal and various stress conditions, the difference showed little association with the presence or absence of the newly mobilized Dart-related TEs. Introgressive hybridization has induced transpositional reactivation of the otherwise immobile Dart-related TEs in the parental rice line (cv. Matsumae), which was accompanied with a moderate alteration in the element's cytosine methylation. Significant difference in expression of the Dart-adjacent genes occurred between the introgressants and their rice parental line under both normal and various abiotic stress conditions, but the alteration in gene expression was not coupled with the TEs.

Should patients with esophageal atresia be submitted to esophageal substitution before they start walking?

PubMed

Tannuri, U; Tannuri, A C A

2011-01-01

Esophagocoloplasty and gastric transposition are two major methods for esophageal substitution in children with esophageal atresia, and there is broad agreement that these operations should not be performed before the children start walking. However, there are some reported advantages of performing such operations in the first months of life or in the neonatal period. In this study, we compared our experience with esophageal substitution procedures performed in walking children with esophageal atresia, with the outcomes of children who had the operation before the third month of life reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to establish if we have to wait until the children start walking before indicating the esophageal replacement procedure. From February 1978 to October 2009, 129 children with esophageal atresia underwent esophageal replacement in our hospital (99 colonic interpositions and 30 gastric transpositions). The records of these patients were reviewed for data regarding demographics, complications (leaks, graft failures, strictures, and graft torsion), and mortality and compared with those reported in the two main articles on esophageal replacement in the neonatal period or in patients less than 3 months of age. The main complication of our casuistic was cervical anastomosis leakage, which sealed spontaneously in all except in four patients. One patient of the esophagocoloplasty group developed graft necrosis and three patients in the gastric transposition group had gastric outlet obstruction, secondary to axial torsion of the stomach placed in the retrosternal space. The long-term outcome of the patients in both groups was considered good to excellent in terms of normal weight gain, absence of dysphagia, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The comparisons of the main complications and mortality rates in walking children with esophageal substitutions performed in the first months of life showed that the incidences of cervical anastomotic leaks and graft failures were similar, but mortality rate in the first few months of life was significantly greater than that observed in our group of patients (P= 0.001). Based on the comparison of our results with those of published series, we conclude that the recommendation of performing esophagocoloplasty or total gastric transposition in children with esophageal atresia after they start walking is still valid. © 2010 Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2010, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus.

Anaerobically Grown Escherichia coli Has an Enhanced Mutation Rate and Distinct Mutational Spectra

PubMed Central

Shewaramani, Sonal; Finn, Thomas J.; Kassen, Rees; Rainey, Paul B.

2017-01-01

Oxidative stress is a major cause of mutation but little is known about how growth in the absence of oxygen impacts the rate and spectrum of mutations. We employed long-term mutation accumulation experiments to directly measure the rates and spectra of spontaneous mutation events in Escherichia coli populations propagated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To detect mutations, whole genome sequencing was coupled with methods of analysis sufficient to identify a broad range of mutational classes, including structural variants (SVs) generated by movement of repetitive elements. The anaerobically grown populations displayed a mutation rate nearly twice that of the aerobic populations, showed distinct asymmetric mutational strand biases, and greater insertion element activity. Consistent with mutation rate and spectra observations, genes for transposition and recombination repair associated with SVs were up-regulated during anaerobic growth. Together, these results define differences in mutational spectra affecting the evolution of facultative anaerobes. PMID:28103245

Brucella abortus Strain 2308 Wisconsin Genome: Importance of the Definition of Reference Strains

PubMed Central

Suárez-Esquivel, Marcela; Ruiz-Villalobos, Nazareth; Castillo-Zeledón, Amanda; Jiménez-Rojas, César; Roop II, R. Martin; Comerci, Diego J.; Barquero-Calvo, Elías; Chacón-Díaz, Carlos; Caswell, Clayton C.; Baker, Kate S.; Chaves-Olarte, Esteban; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Moreno, Edgardo; Letesson, Jean J.; De Bolle, Xavier; Guzmán-Verri, Caterina

2016-01-01

Brucellosis is a bacterial infectious disease affecting a wide range of mammals and a neglected zoonosis caused by species of the genetically homogenous genus Brucella. As in most studies on bacterial diseases, research in brucellosis is carried out by using reference strains as canonical models to understand the mechanisms underlying host pathogen interactions. We performed whole genome sequencing analysis of the reference strain B. abortus 2308 routinely used in our laboratory, including manual curated annotation accessible as an editable version through a link at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Genomics. Comparison of this genome with two publically available 2308 genomes showed significant differences, particularly indels related to insertional elements, suggesting variability related to the transposition of these elements within the same strain. Considering the outcome of high resolution genomic techniques in the bacteriology field, the conventional concept of strain definition needs to be revised. PMID:27746773

Current diagnosis and treatments for critical congenital heart defects

PubMed Central

ZENG, ZHANDONG; ZHANG, HONGWEI; LIU, FENGLI; ZHANG, NING

2016-01-01

Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect approximately 7% of infants, and account for 3% of all infant deaths. CHD is most often caused by the defects associated with ductus arteriosus, which is a vessel that usually closes shortly after birth. The types of CHD include tetralogy of fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of great arteries, tricuspid atresia and truncus arteriosus. There are some risk factors that can increase the chance of a fetus developing CHD such as prematurity, an existing CHD in a first-degree relative, genetic syndromes, infections in utero, maternal drug consumptions and disorders. CHD is diagnosed is through different techniques including pulse oximetry, echocardiograms and physical exams. In this review, we examined the current incidence of CHD, the risk factors associated with CHD, the current methods of diagnosis and surgical options used to repair the defects. PMID:27168772

Automation of Data Traffic Control on DSM Architecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frumkin, Michael; Jin, Hao-Qiang; Yan, Jerry

2001-01-01

The design of distributed shared memory (DSM) computers liberates users from the duty to distribute data across processors and allows for the incremental development of parallel programs using, for example, OpenMP or Java threads. DSM architecture greatly simplifies the development of parallel programs having good performance on a few processors. However, to achieve a good program scalability on DSM computers requires that the user understand data flow in the application and use various techniques to avoid data traffic congestions. In this paper we discuss a number of such techniques, including data blocking, data placement, data transposition and page size control and evaluate their efficiency on the NAS (NASA Advanced Supercomputing) Parallel Benchmarks. We also present a tool which automates the detection of constructs causing data congestions in Fortran array oriented codes and advises the user on code transformations for improving data traffic in the application.

Understanding Pressure: Didactical Transpositions and Pupils' Conceptions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kariotogloy, Petros; And Others

1990-01-01

Described are features of a theoretical model for fluid pressure. Analyzes six introductory physics textbooks based on an introduction and meaning of the pressure concept; characteristics of pressure; and liquid as a pressure transmitter. Presents three models of pupils' conceptions. (YP)

Chromosome size in diploid eukaryotic species centers on the average length with a conserved boundary

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Understanding genome and chromosome evolution is important for understanding genetic inheritance and evolution. Universal events comprising DNA replication, transcription, repair, mobile genetic element transposition, chromosome rearrangements, mitosis, and meiosis underlie inheritance and variation...

Mathematical Modelling as a Professional Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frejd, Peter; Bergsten, Christer

2016-01-01

Educational research literature on mathematical modelling is extensive. However, not much attention has been paid to empirical investigations of its scholarly knowledge from the perspective of didactic transposition processes. This paper reports from an interview study of mathematical modelling activities involving nine professional model…

The Evolution of SINEs and LINEs in the genus Chironomus (Diptera).

PubMed

Papusheva, Ekaterina; Gruhl, Mary C; Berezikov, Eugene; Groudieva, Tatiana; Scherbik, Svetlana V; Martin, Jon; Blinov, Alexander; Bergtrom, Gerald

2004-03-01

Genomic DNA amplification from 51 species of the family Chironomidae shows that most contain relatives of NLRCth1 LINE and CTRT1 SINE retrotransposons first found in Chironomus thummi. More than 300 cloned PCR products were sequenced. The amplified region of the reverse transcriptase gene in the LINEs is intact and highly conserved, suggesting active elements. The SINEs are less conserved, consistent with minimal/no selection after transposition. A mitochondrial gene phylogeny resolves the Chironomus genus into six lineages (Guryev et al. 2001). LINE and SINE phylogenies resolve five of these lineages, indicating their monophyletic origin and vertical inheritance. However, both the LINE and the SINE tree topologies differ from the species phylogeny, resolving the elements into "clusters I-IV" and "cluster V" families. The data suggest a descent of all LINE and SINE subfamilies from two major families. Based on the species phylogeny, a few LINEs and a larger number of SINEs are cladisitically misplaced. Most misbranch with LINEs or SINEs from species with the same families of elements. From sequence comparisons, cladistically misplaced LINEs and several misplaced SINEs arose by convergent base substitutions. More diverged SINEs result from early transposition and some are derived from multiple source SINEs in the same species. SINEs from two species (C. dorsalis, C. pallidivittatus), expected to belong to the clusters I-IV family, branch instead with cluster V family SINEs; apparently both families predate separation of cluster V from clusters I-IV species. Correlation of the distribution of active SINEs and LINEs, as well as similar 3' sequence motifs in CTRT1 and NLRCth1, suggests coevolving retrotransposon pairs in which CTRT1 transposition depends on enzymes active during NLRCth1 LINE mobility.

Chromosomal Rearrangements as Barriers to Genetic Homogenization between Archaic and Modern Humans

PubMed Central

Rogers, Rebekah L.

2015-01-01

Chromosomal rearrangements, which shuffle DNA throughout the genome, are an important source of divergence across taxa. Using a paired-end read approach with Illumina sequence data for archaic humans, I identify changes in genome structure that occurred recently in human evolution. Hundreds of rearrangements indicate genomic trafficking between the sex chromosomes and autosomes, raising the possibility of sex-specific changes. Additionally, genes adjacent to genome structure changes in Neanderthals are associated with testis-specific expression, consistent with evolutionary theory that new genes commonly form with expression in the testes. I identify one case of new-gene creation through transposition from the Y chromosome to chromosome 10 that combines the 5′-end of the testis-specific gene Fank1 with previously untranscribed sequence. This new transcript experienced copy number expansion in archaic genomes, indicating rapid genomic change. Among rearrangements identified in Neanderthals, 13% are transposition of selfish genetic elements, whereas 32% appear to be ectopic exchange between repeats. In Denisovan, the pattern is similar but numbers are significantly higher with 18% of rearrangements reflecting transposition and 40% ectopic exchange between distantly related repeats. There is an excess of divergent rearrangements relative to polymorphism in Denisovan, which might result from nonuniform rates of mutation, possibly reflecting a burst of transposable element activity in the lineage that led to Denisovan. Finally, loci containing genome structure changes show diminished rates of introgression from Neanderthals into modern humans, consistent with the hypothesis that rearrangements serve as barriers to gene flow during hybridization. Together, these results suggest that this previously unidentified source of genomic variation has important biological consequences in human evolution. PMID:26399483

Implant and clinical characteristics for pediatric and congenital heart patients in the national cardiovascular data registry implantable cardioverter defibrillator registry.

PubMed

Jordan, Christopher P; Freedenberg, Vicki; Wang, Yongfei; Curtis, Jeptha P; Gleva, Marye J; Berul, Charles I

2014-12-01

In 2010, the National Cardiovascular Data Registry enhanced pediatric, nonatherosclerotic structural heart disease and congenital heart disease (CHD) data collection. This report characterizes CHD and pediatric patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. In this article, we report implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedures (April 2010 to December 2012) in the registry for 2 cohorts: (1) all patients with CHD (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, transposition of the great vessels, and common ventricle) and (2) patients <21 years. We evaluated indications and characteristics to include transvenous and nontransvenous lead implants, CHD type, and New York Heart Association class. There were 3139 CHD procedures, 1601 for patients <21 years and 126 for CHD <21 years. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator indications for patients with CHD were primary prevention in 1943 (61.9%) and secondary prevention in 1107 (35.2%). Pediatric patients had 935 (58.4%) primary prevention and 588 (36.7%) secondary prevention devices. Primary prevention had higher New York Heart Association class. Nontransvenous age (35.9 ± 23.2 versus 40.1 ± 24.6 years; P=0.05) and nontransvenous height (167.1 ± 18.9 cm; range, 53-193 cm versus 170.4 ± 13.1 cm; range, 61-203 cm; P<0.01) were lower than for transvenous patients. CHD and pediatrics had similar rates of transvenous (97%) and nontransvenous (3%) leads and did not differ from the overall registry. Transposition of the great vessels and common ventricle had higher rates of nontransvenous leads. Primary prevention exceeds secondary prevention for CHD and pediatrics. Nontransvenous lead patients were younger, with higher rates of transposition of the great vessels and common ventricle patients compared with transvenous lead patients. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

Coronary Events and Anatomy After Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries: Detection by 16-Row Multislice Computed Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Patients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oztunc, Funda, E-mail: foztunc@yahoo.com; Baris, Safa, E-mail: safabaris@hotmail.co; Adaletli, Ibrahim, E-mail: iadaletli@yahoo.com

2009-03-15

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography as a noninvasive method for detecting ostial, proximal, and middle segment coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries who had undergone arterial switch operation (ASO). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients treated with ASO for transposition of the great arteries. The median age was 10.3 years (range, 6.2-16.3 years). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients who had undergone ASO. CT imaging was performed in the craniocaudal direction from 2 cm above the carinamore » up to the heart basis. Noninvasive assessment of coronary artery stenosis and anatomy were investigated by MSCT angiography. Two patients were excluded from the study because of artifacts. Of 14 evaluated patients, 1 patient had ostial stenosis (7.1%). A coronary artery anatomy variant was present in six patients: left main artery (LMA) and right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the right sinus as a single orifice (n = 2); left circumflex artery (LCX) originating from the RCA (n = 1); LMA and RCA, after branching to the LCX, originating separately from the right sinus (n = 1); and LMA (n = 1) and left anterior descending artery (LADA; n = 1) originating directly from the right sinus. Intramural bridging in the LAD (n = 2) was detected. Five patients were normal. In conclusion, MSCT angiography, as a noninvasive, feasible technique for assessing coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy, can be used in the follow-up of patients who have undergone ASO.« less

Factors Influencing Outcomes after Ulnar Nerve Stability-Based Surgery for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study

PubMed Central

Kang, Ho Jung; Oh, Won Taek; Koh, Il Hyun; Kim, Sungmin

2016-01-01

Purpose Simple decompression of the ulnar nerve has outcomes similar to anterior transposition for cubital tunnel syndrome; however, there is no consensus on the proper technique for patients with an unstable ulnar nerve. We hypothesized that 1) simple decompression or anterior ulnar nerve transposition, depending on nerve stability, would be effective for cubital tunnel syndrome and that 2) there would be determining factors of the clinical outcome at two years. Materials and Methods Forty-one patients with cubital tunnel syndrome underwent simple decompression (n=30) or anterior transposition (n=11) according to an assessment of intra-operative ulnar nerve stability. Clinical outcome was assessed using grip and pinch strength, two-point discrimination, the mean of the disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) survey, and the modified Bishop Scale. Results Preoperatively, two patients were rated as mild, another 20 as moderate, and the remaining 19 as severe according to the Dellon Scale. At 2 years after operation, mean grip/pinch strength increased significantly from 19.4/3.2 kg to 31.1/4.1 kg, respectively. Two-point discrimination improved from 6.0 mm to 3.2 mm. The DASH score improved from 31.0 to 14.5. All but one patient scored good or excellent according to the modified Bishop Scale. Correlations were found between the DASH score at two years and age, pre-operative grip strength, and two-point discrimination. Conclusion An ulnar nerve stability-based approach to surgery selection for cubital tunnel syndrome was effective based on 2-year follow-up data. Older age, worse preoperative grip strength, and worse two-point discrimination were associated with worse outcomes at 2 years. PMID:26847300

Hybrid Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Utilizing Transposase-Mediated Somatic Integration for Stable Transgene Expression in Human Cells

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wenli; Solanki, Manish; Müther, Nadine; Ebel, Melanie; Wang, Jichang; Sun, Chuanbo; Izsvak, Zsuzsanna; Ehrhardt, Anja

2013-01-01

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been shown to be one of the most promising vectors for therapeutic gene delivery because they can induce efficient and long-term transduction in non-dividing cells with negligible side-effects. However, as AAV vectors mostly remain episomal, vector genomes and transgene expression are lost in dividing cells. Therefore, to stably transduce cells, we developed a novel AAV/transposase hybrid-vector. To facilitate SB-mediated transposition from the rAAV genome, we established a system in which one AAV vector contains the transposon with the gene of interest and the second vector delivers the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase SB100X. Human cells were infected with the AAV-transposon vector and the transposase was provided in trans either by transient and stable plasmid transfection or by AAV vector transduction. We found that groups which received the hyperactive transposase SB100X showed significantly increased colony forming numbers indicating enhanced integration efficiencies. Furthermore, we found that transgene copy numbers in transduced cells were dose-dependent and that predominantly SB transposase-mediated transposition contributed to stabilization of the transgene. Based on a plasmid rescue strategy and a linear-amplification mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) protocol we analysed the SB100X-mediated integration profile after transposition from the AAV vector. A total of 1840 integration events were identified which revealed a close to random integration profile. In summary, we show for the first time that AAV vectors can serve as template for SB transposase mediated somatic integration. We developed the first prototype of this hybrid-vector system which with further improvements may be explored for treatment of diseases which originate from rapidly dividing cells. PMID:24116154

Potential pitfalls and methods of improving in utero diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries, including the baby bird's beak image.

PubMed

McGahan, John P; Moon-Grady, Anita J; Pahwa, Anokh; Towner, Dena; Rhee-Morris, Laila; Gerscovich, Eugenio O; Fogata, Maria

2007-11-01

The goal of this study was to analyze our recent experience with fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) to identify potential pitfalls and possible methods to better detect conotruncal anomalies such as TGA. We analyzed all nonreferral obstetric ultrasound examinations in which we performed basic, targeted, or formal fetal echocardiography with a newborn diagnosis of TGA. Nine neonates had TGA. Five of these cases were diagnosed prenatally, and 4 of these had complex congenital heart abnormalities. In these 4 cases, there were abnormalities in the cardiac axis (n = 3), abnormal valves or ventricular size (n = 2), and ventricular septal defects (n = 3) that were detected on the 4-chamber view of the heart. In all cases that were not detected prenatally, both prospective and retrospective reviews of the 4-chamber heart appeared normal. The prospective analyses of the outflow tracts were all interpreted as normal, whereas the retrospective review showed subtle abnormalities such as the "baby bird's beak" image. In review of these cases, there was failure to show the "crisscross" relationship of the outflow tracts. In 1 case, 5 short axis views of the heart, retrospectively showed the artery originating from the left ventricle and bifurcated, representing the pulmonary artery. Transposition of the great arteries may be associated with complex cardiac disease that could be detected on the 4-chamber view of the heart. When the 4-chamber view is normal, it is important to identify the crisscross relationship of the outflow tracts. If this is not done, it is important to document that the pulmonary artery bifurcates and originates from the right ventricle. Five short axis views of the heart may be helpful to detect conotruncal abnormalities.

Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall for the Baltimore Metropolitan region based on stochastic storm transposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Z.; Smith, J. A.; Yang, L.; Baeck, M. L.; Wright, D.; Liu, S.

2017-12-01

Regional frequency analyses of extreme rainfall are critical for development of engineering hydrometeorology procedures. In conventional approaches, the assumptions that `design storms' have specified time profiles and are uniform in space are commonly applied but often not appropriate, especially over regions with heterogeneous environments (due to topography, water-land boundaries and land surface properties). In this study, we present regional frequency analyses of extreme rainfall for Baltimore study region combining storm catalogs of rainfall fields derived from weather radar and stochastic storm transposition (SST, developed by Wright et al., 2013). The study region is Dead Run, a small (14.3 km2) urban watershed, in the Baltimore Metropolitan region. Our analyses build on previous empirical and modeling studies showing pronounced spatial heterogeneities in rainfall due to the complex terrain, including the Chesapeake Bay to the east, mountainous terrain to the west and urbanization in this region. We expand the original SST approach by applying a multiplier field that accounts for spatial heterogeneities in extreme rainfall. We also characterize the spatial heterogeneities of extreme rainfall distribution through analyses of rainfall fields in the storm catalogs. We examine the characteristics of regional extreme rainfall and derive intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves using the SST approach for heterogeneous regions. Our results highlight the significant heterogeneity of extreme rainfall in this region. Estimates of IDF show the advantages of SST in capturing the space-time structure of extreme rainfall. We also illustrate application of SST analyses for flood frequency analyses using a distributed hydrological model. Reference: Wright, D. B., J. A. Smith, G. Villarini, and M. L. Baeck (2013), Estimating the frequency of extreme rainfall using weather radar and stochastic storm transposition, J. Hydrol., 488, 150-165.

Persistent institutional difficulties in surgery for transposition of the great arteries in guatemala: analysis with the aristotle basic and comprehensive scores.

PubMed

Leon-Wyss, Juan; Lo Rito, Mauro; Barnoya, Joaquin; Castañeda, Aldo R

2011-07-01

Background. Neonates with complex congenital cardiac lesions are largely inadequately managed in Guatemala. Methods. Between 1997 and 2009, 79 patients who underwent operations for transposition of the great arteries were identified; 51 (63.3%) had an arterial switch operation (ASO) and 28 (36%) an atrial switch operation (ATSO). The Aristotle Basic Complexity score (ABC score) and the Aristotle Comprehensive Complexity score (ACC score) have been used to aid in the evaluation of quality of care associated with pediatric cardiac surgery by adjusting for operative complexity. Results. In-hospital mortality was 47% for the ASO and 25% for the ATSO group; 36.7% were beyond 1 month of age and many exhibited increased preoperative risk factors. The mean ABC score was 9.75 ± 0.89 and the ACC score was 12.12 ± 2.7, with a mean 2.36-point increase (P < .05). Comparing survivors and nonsurvivors with both scores, significant differences were identified (ABC: P < .04 and ACC: P < .02). Conclusion. During this 13-year period, a low volume of surgery for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) was performed at our institution with a relatively high surgical mortality. Many patients with TGA in Guatemala are either never referred for surgery or referred late. Strategies to improve outcomes for neonates with TGA in Guatemala must include increases in early diagnosis countrywide and prompt referral to our unit. Based on the larger number of neonates with TGA that would be referred to our center, we anticipate that this strategy should substantially improve surgical outcomes and favor overall team-related skills.

Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the Toxigenic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii

PubMed Central

Jaeckisch, Nina; Yang, Ines; Wohlrab, Sylke; Glöckner, Gernot; Kroymann, Juergen; Vogel, Heiko; Cembella, Allan; John, Uwe

2011-01-01

Many dinoflagellate species are notorious for the toxins they produce and ecological and human health consequences associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). Dinoflagellates are particularly refractory to genomic analysis due to the enormous genome size, lack of knowledge about their DNA composition and structure, and peculiarities of gene regulation, such as spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing and mRNA transposition mechanisms. Alexandrium ostenfeldii is known to produce macrocyclic imine toxins, described as spirolides. We characterized the genome of A. ostenfeldii using a combination of transcriptomic data and random genomic clones for comparison with other dinoflagellates, particularly Alexandrium species. Examination of SL sequences revealed similar features as in other dinoflagellates, including Alexandrium species. SL sequences in decay indicate frequent retro-transposition of mRNA species. This probably contributes to overall genome complexity by generating additional gene copies. Sequencing of several thousand fosmid and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ends yielded a wealth of simple repeats and tandemly repeated longer sequence stretches which we estimated to comprise more than half of the whole genome. Surprisingly, the repeats comprise a very limited set of 79–97 bp sequences; in part the genome is thus a relatively uniform sequence space interrupted by coding sequences. Our genomic sequence survey (GSS) represents the largest genomic data set of a dinoflagellate to date. Alexandrium ostenfeldii is a typical dinoflagellate with respect to its transcriptome and mRNA transposition but demonstrates Alexandrium-like stop codon usage. The large portion of repetitive sequences and the organization within the genome is in agreement with several other studies on dinoflagellates using different approaches. It remains to be determined whether this unusual composition is directly correlated to the exceptionally genome organization of dinoflagellates with a low amount of histones and histone-like proteins. PMID:22164224

A New Member of the Sin3 Family of Corepressors Is Essential for Cell Viability and Required for Retroelement Propagation in Fission Yeast

PubMed Central

Dang, Van Dinh; Benedik, Michael J.; Ekwall, Karl; Choi, Jeannie; Allshire, Robin C.; Levin, Henry L.

1999-01-01

Tf1 is a long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposon that propagates within the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. LTR-retrotransposons possess significant similarity to retroviruses and therefore serve as retrovirus models. To determine what features of the host cell are important for the proliferation of this class of retroelements, we screened for mutations in host genes that reduced the transposition activity of Tf1. We report here the isolation and characterization of pst1+, a gene required for Tf1 transposition. The predicted amino acid sequence of Pst1p possessed high sequence homology with the Sin3 family of proteins, known for their interaction with histone deacetylases. However, unlike the SIN3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pst1+ is essential for cell viability. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that Pst1p was localized in the nucleus. Consistent with the critical role previously reported for Sin3 proteins in the histone acetylation process, we found that the growth of the strain with the pst1-1 allele was supersensitive to the specific histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. However, our analysis of strains with the pst1-1 mutation was unable to detect any changes in the acetylation of specific lysines of histones H3 and H4 as measured in bulk chromatin. Interestingly, the pst1-1 mutant strain produced wild-type levels of Tf1-encoded proteins and cDNA, indicating that the defect in transposition occurred after reverse transcription. The results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the nuclear localization of the Tf1 capsid protein was disrupted in the strain with the pst1-1 mutation, indicating an important role of pst1+ in modulating the nuclear import of Tf1 virus-like particles. PMID:10022921

Transvenous Lead Extraction in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Insights From a 20-Year Single-Center Experience.

PubMed

Gourraud, Jean-Baptiste; Chaix, Marie-A; Shohoudi, Azadeh; Pagé, Pierre; Dubuc, Marc; Thibault, Bernard; Poirier, Nancy C; Dore, Annie; Marcotte, François; Mongeon, François-Pierre; Asgar, Anita W; Ibrahim, Réda; Khairy, Paul; Mondésert, Blandine

2018-02-01

Safety and feasibility data on transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in the challenging population of adults with congenital heart disease (A-CHD) are limited. Herein, we report the results of TLE in A-CHD during a 20-year period. All consecutive TLE procedures in A-CHD were included in a monocentric prospective registry from 1996. A total of 121 leads were extracted in 49 A-CHD (median age, 38 years; 51% men) during 71 TLE procedures. Twenty-four (49%) patients had transposition of the great arteries. Main indications for extraction were infection in 34 (48%) and lead failure in 22 (31%). A laser sheath was required for 56 (46%) leads and a femoral approach for 10 (8%). Complete TLE was achieved for 111 leads (92%). In multivariable analysis, lead duration (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04; P <0.01) and number of previous cardiac surgeries (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-4.67; P <0.01) were predictive of TLE failure. No perioperative death or pericardial effusion was observed. Subpulmonary atrioventricular valve regurgitation increased in 8 patients (5 with transposition of the great arteries) and was independently associated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead (odds ratio, 9.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-71.64; P =0.03) and valvular vegetation (odds ratio, 7.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-40.51; P =0.02). After a median of 54 (19-134) months of follow-up after the first TLE, 3 deaths occurred independently from lead management. Despite complex anatomic issues, TLE can be achieved successfully in most A-CHD using advanced extraction techniques. Subpulmonary atrioventricular valve regurgitation is a prevalent complication, particularly in patients with transposition of the great arteries. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.

A Model of Evolution of Development Based on Germline Penetration of New “No-Junk” DNA

PubMed Central

Fontana, Alessandro; Wróbel, Borys

2012-01-01

There is a mounting body of evidence that somatic transposition may be involved in normal development of multicellular organisms and in pathology, especially cancer. Epigenetic Tracking (ET) is an abstract model of multicellular development, able to generate complex 3-dimensional structures. Its aim is not to model the development of a particular organism nor to merely summarise mainstream knowledge on genetic regulation of development. Rather, the goal of ET is to provide a theoretical framework to test new postulated genetic mechanisms, not fully established yet in mainstream biology. The first proposal is that development is orchestrated through a subset of cells which we call driver cells. In these cells, the cellular state determines a specific pattern of gene activation which leads to the occurrence of developmental events. The second proposal is that evolution of development is affected by somatic transposition events. We postulate that when the genome of a driver cell does not specify what developmental event should be undertaken when the cell is in a particular cellular state, somatic transposition events can reshape the genome, build new regulatory regions, and lead to a new pattern of gene activation in the cell. Our third hypothesis, not supported yet by direct evidence, but consistent with some experimental observations, is that these new “no-junk” sequences—regulatory regions created by transposable elements at new positions in the genome—can exit the cell and enter the germline, to be incorporated in the genome of the progeny. We call this mechanism germline penetration. This process allows heritable incorporation of novel developmental events in the developmental trajectory. In this paper we will present the model and link these three postulated mechanisms to biological observations. PMID:24704981

A trans-Dominant Form of Gag Restricts Ty1 Retrotransposition and Mediates Copy Number Control

PubMed Central

Saha, Agniva; Mitchell, Jessica A.; Nishida, Yuri; Hildreth, Jonathan E.; Ariberre, Joshua A.; Gilbert, Wendy V.

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus lack the conserved RNA interference pathway and utilize a novel form of copy number control (CNC) to inhibit Ty1 retrotransposition. Although noncoding transcripts have been implicated in CNC, here we present evidence that a truncated form of the Gag capsid protein (p22) or its processed form (p18) is necessary and sufficient for CNC and likely encoded by Ty1 internal transcripts. Coexpression of p22/p18 and Ty1 decreases mobility more than 30,000-fold. p22/p18 cofractionates with Ty1 virus-like particles (VLPs) and affects VLP yield, protein composition, and morphology. Although p22/p18 and Gag colocalize in the cytoplasm, p22/p18 disrupts sites used for VLP assembly. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) affinity pulldowns also suggest that p18 and Gag interact. Therefore, this intrinsic Gag-like restriction factor confers CNC by interfering with VLP assembly and function and expands the strategies used to limit retroelement propagation. IMPORTANCE Retrotransposons dominate the chromosomal landscape in many eukaryotes, can cause mutations by insertion or genome rearrangement, and are evolutionarily related to retroviruses such as HIV. Thus, understanding factors that limit transposition and retroviral replication is fundamentally important. The present work describes a retrotransposon-encoded restriction protein derived from the capsid gene of the yeast Ty1 element that disrupts virus-like particle assembly in a dose-dependent manner. This form of copy number control acts as a molecular rheostat, allowing high levels of retrotransposition when few Ty1 elements are present and inhibiting transposition as copy number increases. Thus, yeast and Ty1 have coevolved a form of copy number control that is beneficial to both “host and parasite.” To our knowledge, this is the first Gag-like retrotransposon restriction factor described in the literature and expands the ways in which restriction proteins modulate retroelement replication. PMID:25609815

Ambient Air Pollution and Traffic Exposures and Congenital Heart Defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California

PubMed Central

Padula, Amy M.; Tager, Ira B.; Carmichael, Suzan L.; Hammond, S. Katharine; Yang, Wei; Lurmann, Frederick; Shaw, Gary M.

2013-01-01

Background Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants and some anomalies, although evidence is limited. Methods We used data from the California Center of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Children's Health and Air Pollution Study to estimate the odds of 27 congenital heart defects with respect to quartiles of 7 ambient air pollutant and traffic exposures in California during the first two months of pregnancy, 1997–2006 (N=813 cases and N=828 controls). Results Particulate matter <10 microns (PM10) was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (aOR4th Quartile=2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.7) and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aOR3rd Quartile=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.9) after adjusting for maternal race-ethnicity, education and multivitamin use. PM2.5 was associated with transposition of the great arteries (aOR3rd Quartile=2.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.5) and inversely associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aOR4th Quartile=0.5; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). Secundum atrial septal defects were inversely associated with carbon monoxide (aOR4th Quartile=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8) and PM2.5 (aOR4th Quartile=0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8). Traffic density was associated with muscular ventricular septal defects (aOR4th Quartile=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.8) and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aOR3rd Quartile =2.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.6), and inversely associated with transposition of the great arteries (aOR4th Quartile=0.3; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). Conclusions PM10 and traffic density may contribute to the occurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis and ventricular septal defects, respectively. The results were mixed for other pollutants and had little consistency with previous studies. PMID:23772934

Transposon mediated transgenesis in a marine invertebrate chordate: Ciona intestinalis

PubMed Central

Sasakura, Yasunori; Oogai, Yuichi; Matsuoka, Terumi; Satoh, Nori; Awazu, Satoko

2007-01-01

Achievement of transposon mediated germline transgenesis in a basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis, is discussed. A Tc1/mariner superfamily transposon, Minos, has excision and transposition activities in Ciona. Minos enables the creation of stable transgenic lines, enhancer detection, and insertional mutagenesis. PMID:18047695

New Technologies in Amplification: Applications to the Pediatric Population.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kopun, Judy

1995-01-01

Discussion of technological advances in amplification for children with hearing impairments focuses on the advantages and limitations of fitting children with devices that have features such as dynamic-range compression, multiband signal processing, multimemory capability, digital feedback reduction, and frequency transposition. (Author/DB)

[Non-LTR retrotransposons: LINEs and SINEs in plant genome].

PubMed

Cheng, Xu-Dong; Ling, Hong-Qing

2006-06-01

Retrotransposons are one of the drivers of genome evolution. They include LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons, which widespread in Eukaryotagenomes, show structural similarity to retroviruses. Non-LTR retrotransposons were first discovered in animal genomes and then identified as ubiquitous components of nuclear genomes in many species across the plant kingdom. They constitute a large fraction of the repetitive DNA. Non-LTR retrotransposons are divided into LINEs (long interspersed nuclear elements) and SINEs (short interspersed nuclear elements). Transposition of non-LTR retrotransposons is rarely observed in plants indicating that most of them are inactive and/or under regulation of the host genome. Transposition is poorly understood, but experimental evidence from other genetic systems shows that LINEs are able to transpose autonomously while non-autonomous SINEs depend on the reverse transcription machinery of other retrotransposons. Phylogenic analysis shows LINEs are probably the most ancient class of retrotransposons in plant genomes, while the origin of SINEs is unknown. This review sums up the above data and wants to show readers a clear picture of non-LTR retrotransposons.

Hsmar1 Transposition Is Sensitive to the Topology of the Transposon Donor and the Target

PubMed Central

Claeys Bouuaert, Corentin; Chalmers, Ronald

2013-01-01

Hsmar1 is a member of the Tc1-mariner superfamily of DNA transposons. These elements mobilize within the genome of their host by a cut-and-paste mechanism. We have exploited the in vitro reaction provided by Hsmar1 to investigate the effect of DNA supercoiling on transposon integration. We found that the topology of both the transposon and the target affect integration. Relaxed transposons have an integration defect that can be partially restored in the presence of elevated levels of negatively supercoiled target DNA. Negatively supercoiled DNA is a better target than nicked or positively supercoiled DNA, suggesting that underwinding of the DNA helix promotes target interactions. Like other Tc1-mariner elements, Hsmar1 integrates into 5′-TA dinucleotides. The direct vicinity of the target TA provides little sequence specificity for target interactions. However, transposition within a plasmid substrate was not random and some TA dinucleotides were targeted preferentially. The distribution of intramolecular target sites was not affected by DNA topology. PMID:23341977

[Corrected transposition of the great arteries].

PubMed

Alva-Espinosa, Carlos

2016-01-01

Corrected transposition of the great arteries is one of the most fascinating entities in congenital heart disease. The apparent corrected condition is only temporal. Over time, most patients develop systemic heart failure, even in the absence of associated lesions. With current imaging studies, precise visualization is achieved in each case though the treatment strategy remains unresolved. In asymptomatic patients or cases without associated lesions, focalized follow-up to assess systemic ventricular function and the degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation is important. In cases with normal ventricular function and mild tricuspid failure, it seems unreasonable to intervene surgically. In patients with significant associated lesions, surgery is indicated. In the long term, the traditional approach may not help tricuspid regurgitation and systemic ventricular failure. Anatomical correction is the proposed alternative to ease the right ventricle overload and to restore the systemic left ventricular function. However, this is a prolonged operation and not without risks and long-term complications. In this review the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects are overviewed in the light of the most significant and recent literature.

A Remote Sensing-Based Tool for Assessing Rainfall-Driven Hazards

PubMed Central

Wright, Daniel B.; Mantilla, Ricardo; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.

2018-01-01

RainyDay is a Python-based platform that couples rainfall remote sensing data with Stochastic Storm Transposition (SST) for modeling rainfall-driven hazards such as floods and landslides. SST effectively lengthens the extreme rainfall record through temporal resampling and spatial transposition of observed storms from the surrounding region to create many extreme rainfall scenarios. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are often used for hazard modeling but require long records to describe the distribution of rainfall depth and duration and do not provide information regarding rainfall space-time structure, limiting their usefulness to small scales. In contrast, RainyDay can be used for many hazard applications with 1-2 decades of data, and output rainfall scenarios incorporate detailed space-time structure from remote sensing. Thanks to global satellite coverage, RainyDay can be used in inaccessible areas and developing countries lacking ground measurements, though results are impacted by remote sensing errors. RainyDay can be useful for hazard modeling under nonstationary conditions. PMID:29657544

A bend, flip and trap mechanism for transposon integration

PubMed Central

Morris, Elizabeth R; Grey, Heather; McKenzie, Grant; Jones, Anita C; Richardson, Julia M

2016-01-01

Cut-and-paste DNA transposons of the mariner/Tc1 family are useful tools for genome engineering and are inserted specifically at TA target sites. A crystal structure of the mariner transposase Mos1 (derived from Drosophila mauritiana), in complex with transposon ends covalently joined to target DNA, portrays the transposition machinery after DNA integration. It reveals severe distortion of target DNA and flipping of the target adenines into extra-helical positions. Fluorescence experiments confirm dynamic base flipping in solution. Transposase residues W159, R186, F187 and K190 stabilise the target DNA distortions and are required for efficient transposon integration and transposition in vitro. Transposase recognises the flipped target adenines via base-specific interactions with backbone atoms, offering a molecular basis for TA target sequence selection. Our results will provide a template for re-designing mariner/Tc1 transposases with modified target specificities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15537.001 PMID:27223327

Cerebral oximetry monitoring in the management of severe hypoxaemia associated with transposition of the great arteries with balloon atrial septostomy.

PubMed

Pérez Moreno, J C; Nájera Losada, D C; Sanabria Carretero, P; Paredes Lacave, Á; Benito Bartolomé, F

2018-05-01

Transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases requiring neonatal surgical intervention. In the desperately ill neonate with TGA and the resultant hypoxaemia, acidemia, and congestive heart failure, improvement is often obtained with balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). Current methods employed to evaluate oxygen delivery and tissue consumption are frequently nonspecific. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows a continuous non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygenation which reflects perfusion status in real time. Because little is known about the direct effect of BAS on the neonatal brain and on cerebral oxygenation, we measured the effectiveness of BAS in two patients with D-TGA using NIRS before and after BAS. We concluded BAS improves cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates with D-TGA. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

DGR mutagenic transposition occurs via hypermutagenic reverse transcription primed by nicked template RNA

PubMed Central

Naorem, Santa S.; Han, Jin; Wang, Shufang; Lee, William R.; Heng, Xiao; Miller, Jeff F.

2017-01-01

Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines that facilitate microbial adaptation to environmental changes. Hypervariation occurs via a mutagenic retrotransposition process from a template repeat (TR) to a variable repeat (VR) that results in adenine-to-random nucleotide conversions. Here we show that reverse transcription of the Bordetella phage DGR is primed by an adenine residue in TR RNA and is dependent on the DGR-encoded reverse transcriptase (bRT) and accessory variability determinant (Avd ), but is VR-independent. We also find that the catalytic center of bRT plays an essential role in site-specific cleavage of TR RNA for cDNA priming. Adenine-specific mutagenesis occurs during reverse transcription and does not involve dUTP incorporation, indicating it results from bRT-catalyzed misincorporation of standard deoxyribonucleotides. In vivo assays show that this hybrid RNA-cDNA molecule is required for mutagenic transposition, revealing a unique mechanism of DNA hypervariation for microbial adaptation. PMID:29109248

Orthodontic correction of a transposed maxillary canine and first premolar in the permanent dentition.

PubMed

Nishimura, Kazuaki; Nakao, Kimihisa; Aoki, Taijyu; Fuyamada, Mariko; Saito, Keisuke; Goto, Shigemi

2012-10-01

The patient was a 16-year-old Japanese girl whose chief complaints were crowding and transposition of the maxillary canine and first premolar. A setup model was used to preoperatively align the teeth in their transposed positions. The amount of postoperative reshaping was estimated for the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. However, the patient did not wish to have her teeth reduced by reshaping or to have composite materials for restorative camouflage. Because she strongly expected alignment of her teeth in the correct intra-arch position, her transposed teeth were corrected without extraction of the transposed teeth. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to obtain more detailed information about the transposition, and the direction of tooth movement was examined. Although the duration of the treatment was long, both the crowns and the roots of the transposed teeth were aligned correctly. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Congenital Heart Defects in Adults : A Field Guide for Cardiologists

PubMed Central

Romfh, Anitra; Pluchinotta, Francesca Romana; Porayette, Prashob; Valente, Anne Marie; Sanders, Stephen P.

2013-01-01

Advances in cardiology and cardiac surgery allow a large proportion of patients with congenital heart defects to survive into adulthood. These patients frequently develop complications characteristic of the defect or its treatment. Consequently, adult cardiologists participating in the care of these patients need a working knowledge of the more common defects. Occasionally, patients with congenital heart defects such as atrial septal defect, Ebstein anomaly or physiologically corrected transposition of the great arteries present for the first time in adulthood. More often patients previously treated in pediatric cardiology centers have transitioned to adult congenital heart disease centers for ongoing care. Some of the more important defects in this category are tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, functionally single ventricle defects, and coarctation. Through this field guide, we provide an overview of the anatomy of selected defects commonly seen in an adult congenital practice using pathology specimens and clinical imaging studies. In addition, we describe the physiology, clinical presentation to the adult cardiologist, possible complications, treatment options, and outcomes. PMID:24294540

Transposition of an intron in yeast mitochondria requires a protein encoded by that intron.

PubMed

Macreadie, I G; Scott, R M; Zinn, A R; Butow, R A

1985-06-01

The optional 1143 bp intron in the yeast mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene (omega +) is nearly quantitatively inserted in genetic crosses into 21S rRNA alleles that lack it (omega -). The intron contains an open reading frame that can encode a protein of 235 amino acids, but no function has been ascribed to this sequence. We previously found an in vivo double-strand break in omega - DNA at or close to the intron insertion site only in zygotes of omega + X omega - crosses that appears with the same kinetics as intron insertion. We now show that mutations in the intron open reading frame that would alter the translation product simultaneously inhibit nonreciprocal omega recombination and the in vivo double-strand break in omega - DNA. These results provide evidence that the open reading frame encodes a protein required for intron transposition and support the role of the double-strand break in the process.

Autonomic nervous system function, child behavior, and maternal sensitivity in three-year-old children with surgically corrected transposition.

PubMed

Harrison, Tondi M

2013-01-01

Explore relationships among autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, child behavior, and maternal sensitivity in three-year-old children with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and in children healthy at birth. Children surviving complex congenital heart defects are at risk for behavior problems. ANS function is associated with behavior and with maternal sensitivity. Child ANS function (heart rate variability) and maternal sensitivity (Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment) were measured during a challenging task. Mother completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Data were analyzed descriptively and graphically. Children with TGA had less responsive autonomic function and more behavior problems than healthy children. Autonomic function improved with more maternal sensitivity. Alterations in ANS function may continue years after surgical correction in children with TGA, potentially impacting behavioral regulation. Maternal sensitivity may be associated with ANS function in this population. Continued research on relationships among ANS function, child behavior, and maternal sensitivity is warranted. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complete transposition of the great arteries with double outlet right ventricle in a dog.

PubMed

Koo, S T; LeBlanc, N L; Scollan, K F; Sisson, D D

2016-06-01

A 2-year old intact male Collie dog presented to the cardiology service at Oregon State University for evaluation of cyanosis and suspected congenital cardiac disease. Echocardiography revealed a constellation of cardiac abnormalities including a single large vessel exiting the right ventricle with a diminutive left ventricular outflow tract, a ventricular septal defect, and marked concentric right ventricular hypertrophy with moderate right atrial dilation. Cardiac-gated computed tomography confirmed the previous anomalies in addition to supporting a diagnosis of complete transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, and pulmonic hypoplasia with a single coronary ostium. Prominent bronchoesophageal collateral vessels were concurrently identified. Clinically, the dog was stable despite mild cyanosis that worsened with exercise; no intervention was elected at the time. This case report describes a rare combination of congenital cardiac defects and the usefulness of cardiac-gated cross-sectional imaging in the anatomic diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

From tricuspid to double orifice Morphology: Percutaneous tricuspid regurgitation repair with the MitraClip device in congenitally corrected-transposition of great arteries.

PubMed

Picard, Fabien; Tadros, Victor-Xavier; Asgar, Anita W

2017-09-01

Edge to edge transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Menlo Park, CA) is increasing for high-risk surgical patients with significant mitral regurgitation. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) presenting with tricuspid valve regurgitation of a systemic right ventricle may represent particularly challenging candidates for MitraClip given their anatomy. We report the case of a 67-year-old gentleman with CCTGA and severe tricuspid regurgitation who was referred for MitraClip implantation after heart team consensus. Successful implantation of one clip was performed, achieving a significant reduction of the regurgitation. Similarly, favorable findings were confirmed at 6 months, 1 and 2 years follow-up and the patient had no recurrent heart failure admissions after 2-year follow-up. We describe the technical considerations and the importance of 3D-transoesophageal echocardiography for performing the MitraClip of a trileaflet systemic atrioventricular valve. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A Remote Sensing-Based Tool for Assessing Rainfall-Driven Hazards.

PubMed

Wright, Daniel B; Mantilla, Ricardo; Peters-Lidard, Christa D

2017-04-01

RainyDay is a Python-based platform that couples rainfall remote sensing data with Stochastic Storm Transposition (SST) for modeling rainfall-driven hazards such as floods and landslides. SST effectively lengthens the extreme rainfall record through temporal resampling and spatial transposition of observed storms from the surrounding region to create many extreme rainfall scenarios. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are often used for hazard modeling but require long records to describe the distribution of rainfall depth and duration and do not provide information regarding rainfall space-time structure, limiting their usefulness to small scales. In contrast, RainyDay can be used for many hazard applications with 1-2 decades of data, and output rainfall scenarios incorporate detailed space-time structure from remote sensing. Thanks to global satellite coverage, RainyDay can be used in inaccessible areas and developing countries lacking ground measurements, though results are impacted by remote sensing errors. RainyDay can be useful for hazard modeling under nonstationary conditions.

A Remote Sensing-Based Tool for Assessing Rainfall-Driven Hazards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, Daniel B.; Mantilla, Ricardo; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.

2017-01-01

RainyDay is a Python-based platform that couples rainfall remote sensing data with Stochastic Storm Transposition (SST) for modeling rainfall-driven hazards such as floods and landslides. SST effectively lengthens the extreme rainfall record through temporal resampling and spatial transposition of observed storms from the surrounding region to create many extreme rainfall scenarios. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are often used for hazard modeling but require long records to describe the distribution of rainfall depth and duration and do not provide information regarding rainfall space-time structure, limiting their usefulness to small scales. In contrast, Rainy Day can be used for many hazard applications with 1-2 decades of data, and output rainfall scenarios incorporate detailed space-time structure from remote sensing. Thanks to global satellite coverage, Rainy Day can be used in inaccessible areas and developing countries lacking ground measurements, though results are impacted by remote sensing errors. Rainy Day can be useful for hazard modeling under nonstationary conditions.

Unexpected regioselective carbon-hydrogen bond activation/cyclization of indolyl aldehydes or ketones with alkynes to benzo-fused oxindoles.

PubMed

Liu, Xingyan; Li, Gaocan; Song, Feijie; You, Jingsong

2014-09-25

Rhodium-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen bond activation has attracted great interest in the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. In recent years, transition metal-mediated oxygen transposition through a 'dehydration-rehydration' process has been considered as a promising strategy towards oxygen-functionalized compounds. Here we describe an unexpected rhodium-catalyzed regioselective carbon-hydrogen bond activation/cyclization of easily available indolyl aldehydes or ketones with alkynes to afford benzo-fused oxindoles, involving the sequential carbonyl-assisted carbon-hydrogen activation of the indole ring at the 4-position, [4+2] cyclization, aromatization via dehydration, nucleophilic addition of water to iminium and oxidation. Isotopic labelling experiments disclose the occurrence of apparent oxygen transposition via dehydration-rehydration from the indolyl-3-carbonyl group to the 2-position of pyrrole to forge a new carbonyl bond. The tandem reaction has been used as the key step for the concise synthesis of priolines, a type of alkaloid isolated from the roots of Salvia prionitis.

Recombination rate and the distribution of transposable elements in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

PubMed

Rizzon, Carène; Marais, Gabriel; Gouy, Manolo; Biémont, Christian

2002-03-01

We analyzed the distribution of 54 families of transposable elements (TEs; transposons, LTR retrotransposons, and non-LTR retrotransposons) in the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, using data from the sequenced genome. The density of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons (RNA-based elements) was high in regions with low recombination rates, but there was no clear tendency to parallel the recombination rate. However, the density of transposons (DNA-based elements) was significantly negatively correlated with recombination rate. The accumulation of TEs in regions of reduced recombination rate is compatible with selection acting against TEs, as selection is expected to be weaker in regions with lower recombination. The differences in the relationship between recombination rate and TE density that exist between chromosome arms suggest that TE distribution depends on specific characteristics of the chromosomes (chromatin structure, distribution of other sequences), the TEs themselves (transposition mechanism), and the species (reproductive system, effective population size, etc.), that have differing influences on the effect of natural selection acting against the TE insertions.

Gender, identity and culture in learning physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, Katelin

2016-06-01

Student engagement in science, as defined by Iva Gurgel, Mauricio Pietrocola, and Graciella Watanabe, is of great importance because a student's perceived compatibility with science learning is highly influenced by personal identities, or how students see themselves in relations to the world. This can greatly impact their learning experiences. In this forum, I build on the work of Gurgel, Pietrocola, and Watanabe by exploring the relationships between engagement in physics and gender, and by looking at the expansive nature of the concept of culture. I expand the conversation by investigating ways in which learning science has impacted my own identity/worldview, particularly how it affects my personal teaching and learning experiences. I focus the conversation around the relationship between gender and the experience of learning science to further the dialogue concerning identity and how it impacts engagement in science. I also look at the role of didactic transposition in the perceived disconnect with science. I reveal my experiences and analysis through a personal narrative.

Later Competence and Adaptation in Infants Who Survive Severe Heart Defects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Dougherty, Margaret; And Others

1983-01-01

Describes a model of risk potential for developmental outcome that was based on cardiac, medical, surgical, and family stress factors in 31 children with transposition of the great arteries. All children had undergone reparative open heart surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass during infancy. (Author/RH)

Music: Instrumental Techniques, Conducting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grozan, Carl

A course in introduction to the conducting of music groups of voices or instruments is presented. The approach used is a laboratory approach in which pupils will develop skills in score reading, physical gestures, rehearsal techniques, transpositions, voice and instrument ranges. Course objectives include: (1) The pupil will identify all…

Copy but Not Paste: A Literature Review of Crossborder Curriculum Partnerships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waterval, Dominique G. J.; Frambach, Janneke M.; Driessen, Erik W.; Scherpbier, Albert J. J. A.

2015-01-01

Crossborder curriculum partnerships, entailing the transposition of an entire curriculum and the related degree(s) from "home" to "host" institution, are a rather new phenomenon in internationalization in education. The literature describes successful and unsuccessful partnerships, but critical factors for the success or…

Transposed-Letter Priming across Inflectional Morpheme Boundaries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zargar, Ehsan Shafiee; Witzel, Naoko

2017-01-01

This study reports findings from two experiments testing whether a transposed-letter (TL) priming effect can be obtained when the transposition occurs across morphological boundaries. Previous studies have primarily tested derivationally complex words or compound words, but have not examined a more rule-based and productive morphological…

[Clinical application of peroneal muscles tendon transposition in repair of Achilles tendon rupture].

PubMed

Jin, Rihao; Jin, Yu; Fang, Xiulin

2006-07-01

To discuss applied anatomy, biomechanics and surgical procedures of long peroneal muscles tendon transposition in repair of occlusive achilles tendon rupture. The blood supply and the morphology of long peroneal muscles tendon were observed in the lower extremity of 50 sides adult specimens and the mechanical tests which stretch load on the tendon were carried out. The methods were designed on the basis of the anatomical characteristics and morphology. Ten patients suffering occlusive Achilles tendon rupture were treated by using long peroneal muscles tendon transposition from March 2001 to July 2004. Among 10 patients, there were 7 males and 3 females, aging 32 to 54 years including 6 cases of jump injury, 2 cases of bruise, 1 case of step vacancy and 1 case of spontaneity injury. The interval between injury and surgery was 6 hours to 7 days in 7 fresh rupture and 21 days to 3 months in 3 old rupture. All cases belonged to occlusive Achilles tendon rupture (8 cases of complete rupture and 2 cases of incomplete rupture). The origin of long peroneal muscles was proximal tibia and fibular head, the end of them was base of first metatarsal bones and medial cuboid. The length of tendon was 13.5 +/- 2.5 cm. The width of origin tendon was 0.9 +/- 0.2 cm and the thickness was 0.3 +/- 0.1 cm; the width on apex of lateral malleolus was 0.7 +/- 0.1 cm and the thickness was 0.4 +/- 0.1 cm, the width on head of cuboid was 0.7 +/- 0.1 cm and the thickness was 0.3 +/- 0.1 cm. The long peroneal muscles tendon had abundant blood supply. The results of mechanical test showed that the biggest load was 2,292.4 +/- 617.3 N on tendon calcaneus, 1,020.4 +/- 175.4 N on long peroneal muscles tendon, 752.0 +/- 165.4 N on peroneus brevis tendon and 938.2 +/- 216.7 N on tibialis posterior tendon. Ten cases of occlusive Achilles tendon rupture achieved healing by first intention and were followed up 18-24 months. No Achilles tendon re-rupture, necrosis of skin or other complications occurred. According to Amerind-holm criterion for curative results, the results were excellent in 7 cases and good in 3 cases and the excellent and good rate was 100%. The long peroneal muscles tendon transposition is a perfect and simple way to repair occlusive Achilles tendon rupture.

Tissue culture-induced transpositional activity of mPing is correlated with cytosine methylation in rice

PubMed Central

Ngezahayo, Frédéric; Xu, Chunming; Wang, Hongyan; Jiang, Lily; Pang, Jinsong; Liu, Bao

2009-01-01

Background mPing is an endogenous MITE in the rice genome, which is quiescent under normal conditions but can be induced towards mobilization under various stresses. The cellular mechanism responsible for modulating the activity of mPing remains unknown. Cytosine methylation is a major epigenetic modification in most eukaryotes, and the primary function of which is to serve as a genome defense system including taming activity of transposable elements (TEs). Given that tissue-culture is capable of inducing both methylation alteration and mPing transposition in certain rice genotypes, it provides a tractable system to investigate the possible relationship between the two phenomena. Results mPing transposition and cytosine methylation alteration were measured in callus and regenerated plants in three rice (ssp. indica) genotypes, V14, V27 and R09. All three genotypes showed transposition of mPing, though at various frequencies. Cytosine methylation alteration occurred both at the mPing-flanks and at random loci sampled globally in callus and regenerated plants of all three genotypes. However, a sharp difference in the changing patterns was noted between the mPing-flanks and random genomic loci, with a particular type of methylation modification, i.e., CNG hypermethylation, occurred predominantly at the mPing-flanks. Pearson's test on pairwise correlations indicated that mPing activity is positively correlated with specific patterns of methylation alteration at random genomic loci, while the element's immobility is positively correlated with methylation levels of the mPing's 5'-flanks. Bisulfite sequencing of two mPing-containing loci showed that whereas for the immobile locus loss of CG methylation in the 5'-flank was accompanied by an increase in CHG methylation, together with an overall increase in methylation of all three types (CG, CHG and CHH) in the mPing-body region, for the active locus erasure of CG methylation in the 5'-flank was not followed by such a change. Conclusion Our results documented that tissue culture-induced mPing activity in rice ssp. indica is correlated with alteration in cytosine methylation patterns at both random genomic loci and the elements' flanks, while the stability of mPing positively correlates with enhanced methylation levels of both the flanks and probably the elements per se. Thus, our results implicate a possible role of cytosine methylation in maintaining mPing stability under normal conditions, and in releasing the element's activity as a consequence of epigenetic perturbation in a locus-specific manner under certain stress conditions. PMID:19604382

Predicting functional capacity in patients with a systemic right ventricle: subjective patient self-assessment is better than B-type natriuretic peptide levels and right ventricular systolic function.

PubMed

Book, Wendy; McConnell, Michael; Oster, Matthew; Lyle, Teresa; Kogon, Brian

2013-01-01

Many adults with transposition of the great arteries have an anatomic right ventricle functioning as the systemic ventricle and are known to develop congestive heart failure, premature cardiac death, and need for cardiac transplantation. Predictors of poor clinical outcome and functional status in patients with left ventricular failure do not always apply to these patients. We aimed to identify predictors of poor functional status in those patients with a systemic right ventricle. We performed a prospective study of 51 adults with transposition of the great arteries and systemic right ventricles. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected, and patients completed a Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Comparisons were made between those patients with d-type transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) who have undergone prior atrial switch and those with congenitally corrected transposition (ccTGA). A correlation analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor functional status, as determined by a 6-minute walk distance test. Median age was 30 years (range 19-65). Median B-type natriuretic peptide was 48 pg/mL (range 16-406). There were 27 patients (53%) with moderate-severe right ventricular dysfunction and 10 (20%) with moderate-severe tricuspid valve regurgitation. The median MLHFQ score was 9 (range 0-78) and 6-minute walk test was 510 m (range 231-703). Forty-one patients had a diagnosis of dTGA atrial switch and 11 patients had ccTGA. Patients with ccTGA were significantly older (40 vs. 28 years, P =.004) and had more tricuspid valve regurgitation (P =.02). Despite this, their MLHFQ scores were significantly lower (2.5 vs. 17, P =.04) and they walked further (635 vs. 504 m, P =.02). Predictors of a short 6-minute walk distance included short stature (P =.009) and dTGA (P =.002). The patient's self-assessment of poor health, as measured by an increased New York Heart Association class (P =.003) and a decreased MLHFQ score (P >.0001) also correlated. B-type natriuretic peptide levels, right ventricular dysfunction, severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation, need for pacemaker, and clinical signs of heart failure did not correlate with exercise tolerance. Traditional parameters used to predict outcomes in patients with left ventricular failure are not predictive in patients with a systemic right ventricle. Instead, patient's self-assessment of functional status did correlate with objective functional status. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Cohesive Population Genetics of Molecular Drive

PubMed Central

Ohta, Tomoko; Dover, Gabriel A.

1984-01-01

The long-term population genetics of multigene families is influenced by several biased and unbiased mechanisms of nonreciprocal exchanges (gene conversion, unequal exchanges, transposition) between member genes, often distributed on several chromosomes. These mechanisms cause fluctuations in the copy number of variant genes in an individual and lead to a gradual replacement of an original family of n genes (A) in N number of individuals by a variant gene (a). The process for spreading a variant gene through a family and through a population is called molecular drive. Consideration of the known slow rates of nonreciprocal exchanges predicts that the population variance in the copy number of gene a per individual is small at any given generation during molecular drive. Genotypes at a given generation are expected only to range over a small section of all possible genotypes from one extreme (n number of A) to the other (n number of a). A theory is developed for estimating the size of the population variance by using the concept of identity coefficients. In particular, the variance in the course of spreading of a single mutant gene of a multigene family was investigated in detail, and the theory of identity coefficients at the state of steady decay of genetic variability proved to be useful. Monte Carlo simulations and numerical analysis based on realistic rates of exchange in families of known size reveal the correctness of the theoretical prediction and also assess the effect of bias in turnover. The population dynamics of molecular drive in gradually increasing the mean copy number of a variant gene without the generation of a large variance (population cohesion) is of significance regarding potential interactions between natural selection and molecular drive. PMID:6500260

Comparative Analysis of the Genomes of Two Field Isolates of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

PubMed Central

Li, Zhigang; Hu, Songnian; Yao, Nan; Dean, Ralph A.; Zhao, Wensheng; Shen, Mi; Zhang, Haiwang; Li, Chao; Liu, Liyuan; Cao, Lei; Xu, Xiaowen; Xing, Yunfei; Hsiang, Tom; Zhang, Ziding; Xu, Jin-Rong; Peng, You-Liang

2012-01-01

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The fungal pathogen is notorious for its ability to overcome host resistance. To better understand its genetic variation in nature, we sequenced the genomes of two field isolates, Y34 and P131. In comparison with the previously sequenced laboratory strain 70-15, both field isolates had a similar genome size but slightly more genes. Sequences from the field isolates were used to improve genome assembly and gene prediction of 70-15. Although the overall genome structure is similar, a number of gene families that are likely involved in plant-fungal interactions are expanded in the field isolates. Genome-wide analysis on asynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates revealed that many infection-related genes underwent diversifying selection. The field isolates also have hundreds of isolate-specific genes and a number of isolate-specific gene duplication events. Functional characterization of randomly selected isolate-specific genes revealed that they play diverse roles, some of which affect virulence. Furthermore, each genome contains thousands of loci of transposon-like elements, but less than 30% of them are conserved among different isolates, suggesting active transposition events in M. oryzae. A total of approximately 200 genes were disrupted in these three strains by transposable elements. Interestingly, transposon-like elements tend to be associated with isolate-specific or duplicated sequences. Overall, our results indicate that gain or loss of unique genes, DNA duplication, gene family expansion, and frequent translocation of transposon-like elements are important factors in genome variation of the rice blast fungus. PMID:22876203

The cohesive population genetics of molecular drive.

PubMed

Ohta, T; Dover, G A

1984-10-01

The long-term population genetics of multigene families is influenced by several biased and unbiased mechanisms of nonreciprocal exchanges (gene conversion, unequal exchanges, transposition) between member genes, often distributed on several chromosomes. These mechanisms cause fluctuations in the copy number of variant genes in an individual and lead to a gradual replacement of an original family of n genes (A) in N number of individuals by a variant gene (a). The process for spreading a variant gene through a family and through a population is called molecular drive. Consideration of the known slow rates of nonreciprocal exchanges predicts that the population variance in the copy number of gene a per individual is small at any given generation during molecular drive. Genotypes at a given generation are expected only to range over a small section of all possible genotypes from one extreme (n number of A) to the other (n number of a). A theory is developed for estimating the size of the population variance by using the concept of identity coefficients. In particular, the variance in the course of spreading of a single mutant gene of a multigene family was investigated in detail, and the theory of identity coefficients at the state of steady decay of genetic variability proved to be useful. Monte Carlo simulations and numerical analysis based on realistic rates of exchange in families of known size reveal the correctness of the theoretical prediction and also assess the effect of bias in turnover. The population dynamics of molecular drive in gradually increasing the mean copy number of a variant gene without the generation of a large variance (population cohesion) is of significance regarding potential interactions between natural selection and molecular drive.

Sequence, assembly and annotation of the maize W22 genome

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Since its adoption by Brink and colleagues in the 1950s and 60s, the maize W22 inbred has been utilized extensively to understand fundamental genetic and epigenetic processes such recombination, transposition and paramutation. To maximize the utility of W22 in gene discovery, we have Illumina sequen...

Research on Frequency Transposition for Hearing Aids. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gengel, Roy W.; Pickett, J. M.

Reported were studies measuring residual auditory capacities of deaf persons and investigating hearing aids which transpose speech to lower frequencies where deaf persons may have better hearing. Studies on temporal and frequency discrimination indicated that the duration of a signal may have a differential effect on its detectability by…

An Interactive Graphical Modeling Game for Teaching Musical Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamb, Martin

1982-01-01

Describes an interactive computer game in which players compose music at a computer screen. They experiment with pitch and melodic shape and the effects of transposition, augmentation, diminution, retrograde, and inversion. The user interface is simple enough for children to use and powerful enough for composers to work with. (EAO)

Action Poetry as an Empowering Art: A Manifesto for Didaction in Arts Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tochon, Francois Victor

2000-01-01

Explains that didaction is an expressive action in search of internal consistency. Analyzes the didactic implications of the poetic transposition into action and the construction of a postmodern action literature through poetry. Presents the process of poetic emergence in Francophone Switzerland and Ontario. (CMK)

Migration and Adult Language Learning: Global Flows and Local Transpositions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Anne; Roberts, Celia

2010-01-01

In the 21st century, global flows politically, socially, economically, and environmentally are creating widespread movements of people around the world and giving rise to increased resettlements of immigrants and refugees internationally. The reality in most countries worldwide is that contemporary populations are multifaceted, multicultural,…

Segmentation of Written Words in French

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chetail, Fabienne; Content, Alain

2013-01-01

Syllabification of spoken words has been largely used to define syllabic properties of written words, such as the number of syllables or syllabic boundaries. By contrast, some authors proposed that the functional structure of written words stems from visuo-orthographic features rather than from the transposition of phonological structure into the…

Matrix differentiation formulas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Usikov, D. A.; Tkhabisimov, D. K.

1983-01-01

A compact differentiation technique (without using indexes) is developed for scalar functions that depend on complex matrix arguments which are combined by operations of complex conjugation, transposition, addition, multiplication, matrix inversion and taking the direct product. The differentiation apparatus is developed in order to simplify the solution of extremum problems of scalar functions of matrix arguments.

A Director's Guide to High School Horns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Collen

1998-01-01

Conveys that the horn (French horn) is the most difficult instrument for band and orchestra directors to teach because playing the horn requires students to have very strong aural skills. Identifies the horn specific techniques students should know, such as hand positions, alternate fingerings, and transposition. Provides different methods for…

Global mapping of transposon location.

PubMed

Gabriel, Abram; Dapprich, Johannes; Kunkel, Mark; Gresham, David; Pratt, Stephen C; Dunham, Maitreya J

2006-12-15

Transposable genetic elements are ubiquitous, yet their presence or absence at any given position within a genome can vary between individual cells, tissues, or strains. Transposable elements have profound impacts on host genomes by altering gene expression, assisting in genomic rearrangements, causing insertional mutations, and serving as sources of phenotypic variation. Characterizing a genome's full complement of transposons requires whole genome sequencing, precluding simple studies of the impact of transposition on interindividual variation. Here, we describe a global mapping approach for identifying transposon locations in any genome, using a combination of transposon-specific DNA extraction and microarray-based comparative hybridization analysis. We use this approach to map the repertoire of endogenous transposons in different laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrate that transposons are a source of extensive genomic variation. We also apply this method to mapping bacterial transposon insertion sites in a yeast genomic library. This unique whole genome view of transposon location will facilitate our exploration of transposon dynamics, as well as defining bases for individual differences and adaptive potential.

Horizontal transfer of potential mobile units in phytoplasmas

PubMed Central

Ku, Chuan; Lo, Wen-Sui; Kuo, Chih-Horng

2013-01-01

Phytoplasmas are uncultivated phytopathogenic bacteria that cause diseases in a wide range of economically important plants. Through secretion of effector proteins, they are able to manipulate their plant hosts to facilitate their multiplication and dispersal by insect vectors. The genome sequences of several phytoplasmas have been characterized to date and a group of putative composite transposons called potential mobile units (PMUs) are found in these highly reduced genomes. Recently, our team reported the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a peanut witches’ broom (PnWB) phytoplasma, the first representative of the phytoplasma 16SrII group. Comparisons between the species phylogeny and the phylogenies of the PMU genes revealed that the PnWB PMU is likely to have been transferred from the 16SrI group. This indicates that PMUs are not only the DNA unit for transposition within a genome, but also for horizontal transfer among divergent phytoplasma lineages. Given the association of PMUs with effector genes, the mobility of PMUs across genomes has important implications for phytoplasma ecology and evolution. PMID:24251068

Negative effect of the 5'-untranslated leader sequence on Ac transposon promoter expression.

PubMed

Scortecci, K C; Raina, R; Fedoroff, N V; Van Sluys, M A

1999-08-01

Transposable elements are used in heterologous plant hosts to clone genes by insertional mutagenesis. The Activator (Ac) transposable element has been cloned from maize, and introduced into a variety of plants. However, differences in regulation and transposition frequency have been observed between different host plants. The cause of this variability is still unknown. To better understand the activity of the Ac element, we analyzed the Ac promoter region and its 5'-untranslated leader sequence (5' UTL). Transient assays in tobacco NT1 suspension cells showed that the Ac promoter is a weak promoter and its activity was localized by deletion analyses. The data presented here indicate that the core of the Ac promoter is contained within 153 bp fragment upstream to transcription start sites. An important inhibitory effect (80%) due to the presence of the 5' UTL was found on the expression of LUC reporter gene. Here we demonstrate that the presence of the 5' UTL in the constructs reduces the expression driven by either strong or weak promoters.

Horizontal transfer of potential mobile units in phytoplasmas.

PubMed

Ku, Chuan; Lo, Wen-Sui; Kuo, Chih-Horng

2013-09-01

Phytoplasmas are uncultivated phytopathogenic bacteria that cause diseases in a wide range of economically important plants. Through secretion of effector proteins, they are able to manipulate their plant hosts to facilitate their multiplication and dispersal by insect vectors. The genome sequences of several phytoplasmas have been characterized to date and a group of putative composite transposons called potential mobile units (PMUs) are found in these highly reduced genomes. Recently, our team reported the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a peanut witches' broom (PnWB) phytoplasma, the first representative of the phytoplasma 16SrII group. Comparisons between the species phylogeny and the phylogenies of the PMU genes revealed that the PnWB PMU is likely to have been transferred from the 16SrI group. This indicates that PMUs are not only the DNA unit for transposition within a genome, but also for horizontal transfer among divergent phytoplasma lineages. Given the association of PMUs with effector genes, the mobility of PMUs across genomes has important implications for phytoplasma ecology and evolution.

The importance of situation-specific encodings: analysis of a simple connectionist model of letter transposition effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Shin-Yi; Smith, Garrett; Tabor, Whitney

2018-04-01

This paper analyses a three-layer connectionist network that solves a translation-invariance problem, offering a novel explanation for transposed letter effects in word reading. Analysis of the hidden unit encodings provides insight into two central issues in cognitive science: (1) What is the novelty of claims of "modality-specific" encodings? and (2) How can a learning system establish a complex internal structure needed to solve a problem? Although these topics (embodied cognition and learnability) are often treated separately, we find a close relationship between them: modality-specific features help the network discover an abstract encoding by causing it to break the initial symmetries of the hidden units in an effective way. While this neural model is extremely simple compared to the human brain, our results suggest that neural networks need not be black boxes and that carefully examining their encoding behaviours may reveal how they differ from classical ideas about the mind-world relationship.

Atrial flutter in grown-up congenital heart (GUCH) patients. Clinical characteristics of affected population.

PubMed

Li, W; Somerville, J

2000-09-15

To define occurrence, lesions and clinical characteristics of grown-up congenital heart (GUCH) patients who develop atrial flutter (AFL). All GUCH patients who presented as inpatients or outpatients with documented sustained AFL between 1996 and 1998 were studied prospectively. Retrospective review of case notes for basic data relating to underlying anomaly, prior surgery and age at onset of AFL, enquiry into events before the first attack. Clinical state was assessed by Ability Index before AFL and at last visit. Designated quaternary service for GUC in a tertiary referral centre. From October 1996 to April 1998, 100 consecutive patients (49 female) aged 17-77 (mean 35) years, who presented to the GUCH Unit at Royal Brompton Hospital with a sustained attack of AEL documented by a 12 lead electrocardiogram were studied. Four basic cardiac anomalies accounted for 75% patients: one ventricle (26), atrial septal defect (ASD) (19), transposition of great arteries (TGA) (17) and Tetralogy of Fallot (13). AFL occurred occasionally in small ventricular septal defect (VSD), congenital corrected TGA (CC-TGA), pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia with or without VSD. 86/100 patients had undergone cardiac surgery: Fontan 19 (22%), reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract 17 (20%), closure of ASD 15 (17%), Mustard for TGA 13 (15%), and other palliative surgery 22 (26%). AFL occurred in 'natural history' (unoperated) in 14 (14%) mostly in CC-TGA, ASD and Fallot. Age at first attack was 6-64 (mean 28) years with the first attack occurring at younger age after Mustard (22+/-7 years) and Fontan (24+/-7), than in un-operated ASD (46+/-13) and CCTGA (31+/-10). Haemodynamic abnormalities from anatomical causes were present in 62/74 (84%) patients who had undergone reparative surgery and included venous pathway obstruction, pulmonary regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. Additional factors which could have precipitated AFL in prone patients were present in 63. New symptoms appeared in 96 patients with the first attack of AFL. Ability Index prior to onset in 90 patients who have been followed-up for more than 1 year since the first onset was 1 in 52, 2 in 31, 3 in 6 and 4 in 1 patients. At the last visit (mean time from the first onset 6.6+/-4.7 years), only 9 patients remained with Ability Index 1, 43 in 2, 20 in 3 and 18 in 4 despite return to sinus rhythm. One ventricle heart, ASD, transposition of great arteries and Tetrology of Fallot are the most common underlying anomalies in GUCH patients who develop AFL. It is less commonly seen in unoperated patients. When occurs AFL compromises patients' activities and deteriorates the clinical condition. Residual or developed haemodynamic abnormalities and precipitating factor are often present in this patients, hence full investigation and close follow up are necessary once AFL develops.

Instep island flaps.

PubMed

Reading, G

1984-12-01

The instep island flap is safe and useful. It is based on branches of the posterior tibial artery and can be a musculocutaneous or a direct fasciocutaneous island flap. Sensory branches of the digital nerves may be transposed with the flap. There is a wide arc of transposition and the flap has survived even in very difficult circumstances.

Analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis mutant libraries reveals loci-dependent transposition biases and strategies to novel mutant discovery

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease, is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in ruminants. The lack of efficacious control measures demands a thorough understanding of MAP pathogenesis to develop new vaccines and diagnostic tests. The ge...

Treatment of clitoral hypertrophy containing an os clitoris and urethra in a young greyhound dog: a detailed surgical description.

PubMed

Smeak, Daniel D; Turner, Hannah

2014-09-01

This report provides a detailed description and images of a clitorectomy with a urethral transposition. As described, the clitorectomy is a straight-forward procedure, creating more normal female-like anatomy, and it resolves the clinical signs resulting from the exposed clitoris.

Treatment of clitoral hypertrophy containing an os clitoris and urethra in a young greyhound dog: A detailed surgical description

PubMed Central

Smeak, Daniel D.; Turner, Hannah

2014-01-01

This report provides a detailed description and images of a clitorectomy with a urethral transposition. As described, the clitorectomy is a straight-forward procedure, creating more normal female-like anatomy, and it resolves the clinical signs resulting from the exposed clitoris. PMID:25183889

Modelling Transposition Latencies: Constraints for Theories of Serial Order Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrell, Simon; Lewandowsky, Stephan

2004-01-01

Several competing theories of short-term memory can explain serial recall performance at a quantitative level. However, most theories to date have not been applied to the accompanying pattern of response latencies, thus ignoring a rich and highly diagnostic aspect of performance. This article explores and tests the error latency predictions of…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Voytchev, Miroslav; Ambrosi, P.; Behrens, R.

This paper presents IEC/SC 45B Radiation protection instrumentation and its standards for individual monitoring of ionising radiation: IEC 61526 Ed. 3 for active personal dosemeters and IEC 62387-1 for passive integrating dosimetry systems. The transposition of these standards as CENELEC (European) standards is also discussed together with the collaboration between IEC/SC 45B and ISO/TC 85/SC 2.

Case Management of the Gender Incongruity Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higham, Eileen

1976-01-01

Evidence from both normal and incongruous gender differentiation shows that a rehabilitative rather than a curative approach may be an effect form of treatment for some gender transpositions. The approach to gender disturbances is consonant with the American Psychiatric Association's discontinuance of defining all homosexuality as a disease.…

[Plant transposable elements and their application in genetics and biotechnology].

PubMed

Ovcharenko, O O; Rudas, V A; Kuchuk, M V

2006-01-01

Data concerning plant transposable elements and their contribution to plant genome evolution are reviewed. Much attention is focused on utilization of transgenic plants as heterologous hosts of transposons for investigation of transposition mechanisms and gene cloning. Probable ways of the use of plant transposons as genetic tools in biotechnology are discussed.

Report on the Conference on Transposition and Genome Engineering 2015 (TGE 2015): advancing cutting-edge genomics technology in the ancient city of Nara.

PubMed

Woltjen, Knut; Yamamoto, Takashi; Kokubu, Chikara; Takeda, Junji

2016-05-01

From November 17 to 20 in 2015, the Conference on Transposition and Genome Engineering 2015 (TGE 2015) was held at Nara Kasugano International Forum-IRAKA-in Nara, Japan, located at the center of Nara Park. All of the presentations were carried out at Nohgaku hall in Nara Kasugano International Forum-IRAKA. Participation totaled 148 persons (30 international, 118 domestic), who were able to engage in lively scientific discussions over the 4-day period. The guest speaker list consisted of many top-notch international researchers, an achievement for which the conference received praise from the attendees. There were 36 oral presentations including the keynote lecture (22 presentations from guest speakers, complemented with 14 selected from abstract submissions). Additionally, there were 46 poster presentations. The conference uniquely combined research mainly from two different genomics approaches: (i) transposon technology allowing random genomic integration followed by gene discovery-related phenotypes and (ii) genome editing technology with designer nuclease allowing precise modification of a gene-of-interest. © 2016 Molecular Biology Society of Japan and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Circulating miR-423_5p fails as a biomarker for systemic ventricular function in adults after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Tutarel, Oktay; Dangwal, Seema; Bretthauer, Julia; Westhoff-Bleck, Mechthild; Roentgen, Philipp; Anker, Stefan D; Bauersachs, Johann; Thum, Thomas

2013-07-15

Recently, the microRNA miR-423_5p was identified as a biomarker for left ventricular heart failure. Its role in patients with a systemic right ventricle and reduced ejection fraction after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries has not been evaluated. In 41 patients and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls circulating miR-423_5p concentration was measured and correlated to clinical parameters, cardiac functional parameters assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Levels of circulating miR-423_5p showed no difference between patients and controls. Further, there was no correlation between miR-423_5p and parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing or imaging findings. In patients with a systemic right ventricle and reduced ejection fraction miR-423_5p levels are not elevated. Therefore, circulating miR-423_5p is not a useful biomarker for heart failure in this patient group. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement and modeling of solar irradiance components on horizontal and tilted planes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Padovan, Andrea; Col, Davide del

2010-12-15

In this work new measurements of global and diffuse solar irradiance on the horizontal plane and global irradiance on planes tilted at 20 and 30 oriented due South and at 45 and 65 oriented due East are used to discuss the modeling of solar radiation. Irradiance data are collected in Padova (45.4 N, 11.9 E, 12 m above sea level), Italy. Some diffuse fraction correlations have been selected to model the hourly diffuse radiation on the horizontal plane. The comparison with the present experimental data shows that their prediction accuracy strongly depends on the sky characteristics. The hourly irradiance measurementsmore » taken on the tilted planes are compared with the estimations given by one isotropic and three anisotropic transposition models. The use of an anisotropic model, based on a physical description of the diffuse radiation, provides a much better accuracy, especially when measurements of the diffuse irradiance on the horizontal plane are not available and thus transposition models have to be applied in combination with a diffuse fraction correlation. This is particularly significant for the planes oriented away from South. (author)« less

Demonstration of retrotransposition of the Tf1 element in fission yeast.

PubMed

Levin, H L; Boeke, J D

1992-03-01

Tf1, a retrotransposon from fission yeast, has LTRs and coding sequences resembling the protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase domains of retroviral pol genes. A unique aspect of Tf1 is that it contains a single open reading frame whereas other retroviruses and retrotransposons usually possess two or more open reading frames. To determine whether Tf1 can transpose, we overproduced Tf1 transcripts encoded by a plasmid copy of the element marked with a neo gene. Approximately 0.1-4.0% of the cell population acquired chromosomally inherited resistance to G418. DNA blot analysis demonstrated that such strains had acquired both Tf1 and neo specific sequences within a restriction fragment of the same size; the size of this restriction fragment varied between different isolates. Structural analysis of the cloned DNA flanking the Tf1-neo element of two transposition candidates with the same regions in the parent strain showed that the ability to grow on G418 was due to transposition of Tf1-neo and not other types of recombination events.

Population genetics and molecular evolution of DNA sequences in transposable elements. I. A simulation framework.

PubMed

Kijima, T E; Innan, Hideki

2013-11-01

A population genetic simulation framework is developed to understand the behavior and molecular evolution of DNA sequences of transposable elements. Our model incorporates random transposition and excision of transposable element (TE) copies, two modes of selection against TEs, and degeneration of transpositional activity by point mutations. We first investigated the relationships between the behavior of the copy number of TEs and these parameters. Our results show that when selection is weak, the genome can maintain a relatively large number of TEs, but most of them are less active. In contrast, with strong selection, the genome can maintain only a limited number of TEs but the proportion of active copies is large. In such a case, there could be substantial fluctuations of the copy number over generations. We also explored how DNA sequences of TEs evolve through the simulations. In general, active copies form clusters around the original sequence, while less active copies have long branches specific to themselves, exhibiting a star-shaped phylogeny. It is demonstrated that the phylogeny of TE sequences could be informative to understand the dynamics of TE evolution.

Late Causes of Death After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A 60-Year Population-Based Study.

PubMed

Raissadati, Alireza; Nieminen, Heta; Haukka, Jari; Sairanen, Heikki; Jokinen, Eero

2016-08-02

Comprehensive information regarding causes of late post-operative death following pediatric congenital cardiac surgery is lacking. The study sought to analyze late causes of death after congenital cardiac surgery by era and defect severity. We obtained data from a nationwide pediatric cardiac surgery database and Finnish population registry regarding patients who underwent cardiac surgery at <15 years of age at 1 of 5 universities or 1 district hospital in Finland from 1953 to 2009. Noncyanotic and cyanotic defects were classified as simple and severe, respectively. Causes of death were determined using International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes. Deaths among the study population were compared to a matched control population. Overall, 10,964 patients underwent 14,079 operations, with 98% follow-up. Early mortality (<30 days) was 5.6% (n = 613). Late mortality was 10.4% (n = 1,129). Congenital heart defect (CHD)-related death rates correlated with defect severity. Heart failure was the most common mode of CHD-related death, but decreased after surgeries performed between 1990 and 2009. Sudden death after surgery for atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries decreased to zero following operations from 1990 to 2009. Deaths from neoplasms, respiratory, neurological, and infectious disease were significantly more common among study patients than controls. Pneumonia caused the majority of non-CHD-related deaths among the study population. CHD-related deaths have decreased markedly but remain a challenge after surgery for severe cardiac defects. Premature deaths are generally more common among patients than the control population, warranting long-term follow-up after congenital cardiac surgery. Copyright © 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): A systematic review of the literature.

PubMed

Shuttlewood, Kimberley; Beazley, James; Smith, Christopher D

2017-06-18

To review current literature on types of distal triceps injury and determine diagnosis and appropriate management. We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE using the terms distal triceps tears and snapping triceps on the 10 th January 2017. We excluded all animal, review, foreign language and repeat papers. We reviewed all papers for relevance and of the papers left we were able to establish the types of distal triceps injury, how these injuries are diagnosed and investigated and the types of management of these injuries including surgical. The results are then presented in a review paper format. Three hundred and seventy-nine papers were identified of which 65 were relevant to distal triceps injuries. After exclusion we had 47 appropriate papers. The papers highlighted 2 main distal triceps injuries: Distal triceps tears and snapping triceps. Triceps tear are more common in males than females occurring in the 4 th -5 th decade of life and often due to a direct trauma but are also strongly associated with weightlifting and American football. The tears are diagnosed by history and clinically with a palpable gap. Diagnosis can be confirmed with the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on type of tear. Partial tears can be treated conservatively with bracing and physio whereas acute tears need repair either open or arthroscopic using suture anchor or bone tunnel techniques with similar success. Chronic tears often need augmenting with tendon allograft or autograft. Snapping triceps are also seen more in men than women but at a mean age of 32 years. They are characterized by a snapping sensation mostly medially and can be associated with ulna nerve subluxation and ulna nerve symptoms. US is the diagnostic modality of choice due to its dynamic nature and to differentiate between snapping triceps tendon or ulna nerve. Treatment is conservative initially with activity avoidance and if that fails surgical management includes resection of triceps edge or transposition of the tendon plus or minus ulna nerve transposition. Distal triceps injuries are uncommon. This systematic review examines the evidence base behind diagnosis, imaging and treatment options of distal triceps injuries including tears and snapping triceps.

Sudden cardiac death in adults with congenital heart disease.

PubMed

Yap, Sing-Chien; Harris, Louise

2009-12-01

Sudden cardiac death is one of the leading causes of death in patients with congenital heart disease, especially in patients with repaired cyanotic and left heart obstructive lesions. While the overall annual incidence of sudden cardiac death is relatively low, estimated at 0.09% per year, this nonetheless represents a many-fold increase over that of comparable age-matched control populations. The most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death is believed to be arrhythmic, usually ventricular arrhythmia. Most studies investigating risk factors for ventricular arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death have focused on patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and patients with Mustard/Senning repair for complete transposition of the great arteries. Despite a multitude of risk factors, their predictive value for the occurrence of sudden cardiac death is relatively low. Current experience with implantable cardioverter defibrillators in this patient population is limited to observational studies and the selection of patients for prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation is impeded both by the absence of randomized trials and weak predictors. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia has emerged as a promising therapy for abolishing or reducing the burden of arrhythmia but experience is still limited and the impact on long-term outcome uncertain. Future studies will have to focus on improving risk stratification of patients with congenital heart disease.

Evolution of hypervirulence by a MRSA clone through acquisition of a transposable element

PubMed Central

Benson, Meredith A.; Ohneck, Elizabeth A.; Ryan, Chanelle; Alonzo, Francis; Smith, Hannah; Narechania, Apurva; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Satola, Sarah W.; Uhlemann, Anne-Catrin; Sebra, Robert; Deikus, Gintaras; Shopsin, Bo; Planet, Paul J.; Torres, Victor J.

2014-01-01

SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus has evolved as a pathogen that causes a range of diseases in humans. There are two dominant modes of evolution thought to explain most of the virulence differences between strains. First, virulence genes may be acquired from other organisms. Second, mutations may cause changes in the regulation and expression of genes. Here we describe an evolutionary event in which transposition of an IS element has a direct impact on virulence gene regulation resulting in hypervirulence. Whole genome analysis of a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain USA500 revealed acquisition of a transposable element (IS256) that is absent from close relatives of this strain. Of the multiple copies of IS256 found in the USA500 genome, one was inserted in the promoter sequence of repressor of toxins (Rot), a master transcriptional regulator responsible for the expression of virulence factors in S. aureus. We show that insertion into the rot promoter by IS256 results in the derepression of cytotoxin expression and increased virulence. Taken together, this work provides new insight into evolutionary strategies by which S. aureus is able to modify its virulence properties and demonstrates a novel mechanism by which horizontal gene transfer directly impacts virulence through altering toxin regulation. PMID:24962815

Dialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Failure and Angioplasty: Intimal Hyperplasia and Other Causes of Access Failure.

PubMed

Duque, Juan C; Tabbara, Marwan; Martinez, Laisel; Cardona, Jose; Vazquez-Padron, Roberto I; Salman, Loay H

2017-01-01

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred hemodialysis access type because it has better patency rates and fewer complications than other access types. However, primary failure remains a common problem impeding AVF maturation and adding to patients' morbidity and mortality. Juxta-anastomotic (or inflow) stenosis is the most common reason leading to primary failure, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty continues to be the gold-standard treatment with excellent success rates. Intimal hyperplasia (IH) has been traditionally blamed as the main pathophysiologic culprit, but new evidence raises doubts regarding the contribution of IH alone to primary failure. We report a 64-year-old man with a 2-stage brachiobasilic AVF that was complicated by failure 4 months after creation. An angiogram showed multiple juxta-anastomotic and midfistula stenotic lesions. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successful in assisting maturation and subsequently cannulating the AVF for hemodialysis treatment. We failed to identify the underlying cause of stenosis because biopsy specimens from fistula tissue obtained at the time of transposition revealed no occlusive IH. This case emphasizes the need for additional research on factors contributing to AVF failure besides IH and highlights the need for more therapeutic options to reduce AVF failure rate. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus tendon by transposition of the extensor indicis tendon].

PubMed

Loos, A; Kalb, K; Van Schoonhoven, J; Landsleitner Dagger, B

2003-12-01

Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus-tendon (EPL) is a frequent complication after distal radius fractures. Other traumatic and non-traumatic reasons for this tendon lesion are known, including a theory about a disorder in the blood supply to the tendon itself. We examined 40 patients after reconstruction of the EPL-tendon in a mean follow-up time of 30 months. All patients were clinically examined and a DASH questionnaire was answered by all patients. The method to reconstruct the EPL-tendon was the transposition of the extensor indicis-tendon. After the operations the thumb was put in a splint for four weeks in a "hitch-hiker's-position". 31 ruptures of the tendon (77.5 %) were a result of trauma. In 20 of them (50 %) a distal radius fracture had occurred. Clinical examination included measurements of the movement of the thumb- and index-finger joints, the grip strength and the maximal span of the hand. Significant differences were not found. The isolated extension of the index finger was possible in all patients. But it was reduced in ten cases which represent 25 %. Our results were evaluated by the Geldmacher score to evaluate the reconstruction of the EPL-tendon. 20 % excellent, 65 % good, 12.5 % fair and 2.5 % poor results were reached. The Geldmacher score was used critically. We suggest its modification for the evaluation of thumb abduction. The DASH score reached a functional value of ten points which represents a very good result. In conclusion the extensor indicis-transposition is a safe method to reconstruct the EPL-tendon. Its substantial advantage is taking a healthy muscle as the motor, thereby avoiding the risk of using a degenerated muscle in late tendon reconstruction. A powerful extension of the index finger will be maintained by physical education. Generally, the loss of the extension of the index finger is negligible. It does not disturb the patients. But it has to be discussed with the patient before the operation.

Globin gene structure in a reptile supports the transpositional model for amniote α- and β-globin gene evolution.

PubMed

Patel, Vidushi S; Ezaz, Tariq; Deakin, Janine E; Graves, Jennifer A Marshall

2010-12-01

The haemoglobin protein, required for oxygen transportation in the body, is encoded by α- and β-globin genes that are arranged in clusters. The transpositional model for the evolution of distinct α-globin and β-globin clusters in amniotes is much simpler than the previously proposed whole genome duplication model. According to this model, all jawed vertebrates share one ancient region containing α- and β-globin genes and several flanking genes in the order MPG-C16orf35-(α-β)-GBY-LUC7L that has been conserved for more than 410 million years, whereas amniotes evolved a distinct β-globin cluster by insertion of a transposed β-globin gene from this ancient region into a cluster of olfactory receptors flanked by CCKBR and RRM1. It could not be determined whether this organisation is conserved in all amniotes because of the paucity of information from non-avian reptiles. To fill in this gap, we examined globin gene organisation in a squamate reptile, the Australian bearded dragon lizard, Pogona vitticeps (Agamidae). We report here that the α-globin cluster (HBK, HBA) is flanked by C16orf35 and GBY and is located on a pair of microchromosomes, whereas the β-globin cluster is flanked by RRM1 on the 3' end and is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. However, the CCKBR gene that flanks the β-globin cluster on the 5' end in other amniotes is located on the short arm of chromosome 5 in P. vitticeps, indicating that a chromosomal break between the β-globin cluster and CCKBR occurred at least in the agamid lineage. Our data from a reptile species provide further evidence to support the transpositional model for the evolution of β-globin gene cluster in amniotes.

Prevertebral corridor: posterior pathway for reconstruction of the ventral skull base.

PubMed

Durmaz, Abdullah; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan; Snyderman, Carl H; Rivera-Serrano, Carlos; Tosun, Fuat

2011-05-01

Regional vascularized flaps, such as the pericranial and temporoparietal fascia flaps, are currently used for reconstruction of skull base defects after endoscopic endonasal surgery whenever local vascularized flaps, such as the nasoseptal flap, are not available. Two different transposition pathways, infratemporal transpterygoid and subfrontal, have been proposed for regional flaps. The objective of this study was to describe and assess the feasibility of the transposition of a vascularized pedicled flap from the occipital galeopericranium via the prevertebral space corridor into the nasopharynx. Ten heads were injected with colored silicone. An endoscopic endonasal anterior craniofacial resection and panclival approach were performed in each specimen. The occipital flap was harvested using a previously described technique. The prevertebral corridor, extending from the neck to the nasopharynx, was dissected superficial to the paraspinal muscles. Computed tomography-based image guidance was used to assess the relationship between the corridor and adjacent neurovascular structures. Length of the corridor and pedicle and area of the donor flap were measured. The flap was harvested and successfully transposed into the nasopharynx using the proposed corridor in all studied specimens (10 heads, 20 sides). All flaps provided complete coverage of the skull base defects. The average length of the pedicle was 70.5 (SD, 6.5) mm, and the average length and width of the flap were 99.9 (SD, 14.6) mm and 59.3 (SD, 10.9) mm, respectively. The average length of the prevertebral corridor was 49.7 (SD, 4.8) mm. The occipital flap has favorable anatomic characteristics for use in skull base reconstruction. Transposition of the flap via the prevertebral corridor is a suitable option for vascularized reconstruction of expanded endonasal skull base defects when other local or regional flaps are not available. Additional clinical studies are necessary to define its role in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

Sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) abundance and diversity in areas affected by the São Francisco River transposition project in Ceará State, Brazil.

PubMed

Dos Santos Silva, Júlia; Caranha, Lindemberg; Moura Santos, Fabrício Kássio; Dos Santos, Antonio Pereira; Rodrigues da Silva, Luiz Osvaldo; Ferreira Rangel, Elizabeth

2017-08-29

Entomological surveillance of sand fly vectors was carried out to support leishmaniasis prevention and control measures in areas affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project. Sand flies were collected monthly between May 2011 and December 2014 in seven municipalities: Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras da Mangabeira, Iguatu, Mauriti, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama, in dwellings, peridomicile and forest areas for three consecutive days, for a period of 12 h each day (18:00 to 06:00 h). Differences in species composition between sites were tested with Shannon's diversity index, the similarity between habitats was estimated by the Sørensen's qualitative similarity index and, for the most abundant species in each municipality, a standardized index of species abundance was applied. The influence of climatic factors on sand fly population densities was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. A total of 214,213 sand fly specimens belonging to 18 species were captured. The most abundant species in all municipalities was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912). The municipalities of Mauriti and Missão Velha stand out in terms of high species richness, with the latter exhibiting the greatest diversity. The number of sand flies in the Iguatu, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama municipality was higher during the rainy months, whereas the populations declined in the drier months; the sand fly population density in other municipalities (Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras de Mangabeira and Mauriti) showed negative correlation with rainfall. This study confirms the presence of several Leishmania spp. vectors in the seven municipalities affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project, with Lu. longipalpis being the most abundant species at all study sites. Vector populations in these municipalities should be monitored, ultimately to assess the associations between environmental changes and sand fly population dynamics and leishmaniasis transmission risk.

Outcomes after the Mustard, Senning and arterial switch operation for treatment of transposition of the great arteries in Finland: a nationwide 4-decade perspective.

PubMed

Raissadati, Alireza; Nieminen, Heta; Sairanen, Heikki; Jokinen, Eero

2017-09-01

We analysed nationwide early and late results after the Mustard, Senning and arterial switch operation. We included all paediatric patients (<18 years) who underwent a Senning, a Mustard or an arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries from 1968 to 2009 in Finland. Data were obtained retrospectively from a paediatric cardiac surgical database and population data from the Finnish national registry. Early mortality (<30 days) was 11% after Mustard and 5% after Senning operation, while the rate decreased from 19% during 1976-1999 to 2% during 2000-2009 for arterial switch patients (P < 0.0001). The 43-year survival rate was 75% [95% confidence interval (CI) 70-80%] for all patients and 97% (95% CI 94-98%) for the general population. Late survival improved during later eras, with a 10-year survival of 96% (95% CI 92-99%) for those operated during 2000-2009 vs 81% (95% CI 74-88%) in the 1990s (hazard ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-9.6, P = 0.008). Twenty-year survival rates (without 30-day mortality) after arterial switch operation, Mustard and Senning were 97% (95% CI 95-100%), 78% (95% CI 68-87%) and 84% (95% CI 77-90%), respectively. No late sudden deaths or fatal heart failures occurred after the arterial switch operation. Outcome after surgery for transposition of the great arteries has improved, mostly due to the arterial switch operation but also due to improvements in perioperative care and follow-up. Operative deaths after the arterial switch operation have diminished, and no late sudden deaths or fatal heart failures occurred during the first 25-30 years after the procedure. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Development of quality metrics for ambulatory pediatric cardiology: Transposition of the great arteries after arterial switch operation.

PubMed

Baker-Smith, Carissa M; Carlson, Karina; Ettedgui, Jose; Tsuda, Takeshi; Jayakumar, K Anitha; Park, Matthew; Tede, Nikola; Uzark, Karen; Fleishman, Craig; Connuck, David; Likes, Maggie; Penny, Daniel J

2018-01-01

To develop quality metrics (QMs) for the ambulatory care of patients with transposition of the great arteries following arterial switch operation (TGA/ASO). Under the auspices of the American College of Cardiology Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology (ACPC) Steering committee, the TGA/ASO team generated candidate QMs related to TGA/ASO ambulatory care. Candidate QMs were submitted to the ACPC Steering Committee and were reviewed for validity and feasibility using individual expert panel member scoring according to the RAND-UCLA methodology. QMs were then made available for review by the entire ACC ACPC during an "open comment period." Final approval of each QM was provided by a vote of the ACC ACPC Council. Patients with TGA who had undergone an ASO were included. Patients with complex transposition were excluded. Twelve candidate QMs were generated. Seven metrics passed the RAND-UCLA process. Four passed the "open comment period" and were ultimately approved by the Council. These included: (1) at least 1 echocardiogram performed during the first year of life reporting on the function, aortic dimension, degree of neoaortic valve insufficiency, the patency of the systemic and pulmonary outflows, the patency of the branch pulmonary arteries and coronary arteries, (2) neurodevelopmental (ND) assessment after ASO; (3) lipid profile by age 11 years; and (4) documentation of a transition of care plan to an adult congenital heart disease (CHD) provider by 18 years of age. Application of the RAND-UCLA methodology and linkage of this methodology to the ACPC approval process led to successful generation of 4 QMs relevant to the care of TGA/ASO pediatric patients in the ambulatory setting. These metrics have now been incorporated into the ACPC Quality Network providing guidance for the care of TGA/ASO patients across 30 CHD centers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fluconazole use and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

PubMed

Howley, Meredith M; Carter, Tonia C; Browne, Marilyn L; Romitti, Paul A; Cunniff, Christopher M; Druschel, Charlotte M

2016-05-01

Low-dose fluconazole is used commonly to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis, a condition occurring frequently during pregnancy. Conflicting information exists on the association between low-dose fluconazole use among pregnant women and the risk of major birth defects. We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to examine this association. The National Birth Defects Prevention Study is a multisite, population-based, case-control study that includes pregnancies with estimated delivery dates from 1997 to 2011. Information on fluconazole use in early pregnancy was collected by self-report from 31,645 mothers of birth defect cases and 11,612 mothers of unaffected controls. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for birth defects with 5 or more exposed cases; crude odds ratios and exact 95% confidence intervals were estimated for birth defects with 3-4 exposed cases. Of the 43,257 mothers analyzed, 44 case mothers and 6 control mothers reported using fluconazole. Six exposed infants had cleft lip with cleft palate, 4 had an atrial septal defect, and each of the following defects had 3 exposed cases: hypospadias, tetralogy of Fallot, d-transposition of the great arteries, and pulmonary valve stenosis. Fluconazole use was associated with cleft lip with cleft palate (odds ratio = 5.53; confidence interval = 1.68-18.24) and d-transposition of the great arteries (odds ratio = 7.56; confidence interval = 1.22-35.45). The associations between fluconazole and both cleft lip with cleft palate and d-transposition of the great arteries are consistent with earlier published case reports but not recent epidemiologic studies. Despite the larger sample size of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, fluconazole use was rare. Further investigation is needed in large studies, with particular emphasis on oral clefts and conotruncal heart defects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Systemic right ventricular fibrosis detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is associated with clinical outcome, mainly new-onset atrial arrhythmia, in patients after atrial redirection surgery for transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Rydman, Riikka; Gatzoulis, Michael A; Ho, Siew Yen; Ernst, Sabine; Swan, Lorna; Li, Wei; Wong, Tom; Sheppard, Mary; McCarthy, Karen P; Roughton, Michael; Kilner, Philip J; Pennell, Dudley J; Babu-Narayan, Sonya V

2015-05-01

We hypothesized that fibrosis detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts outcomes in patients with transposition of the great arteries post atrial redirection surgery. These patients have a systemic right ventricle (RV) and are at risk of arrhythmia, premature RV failure, and sudden death. Fifty-five patients (aged 27±7 years) underwent LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance and were followed for a median 7.8 (interquartile range, 3.8-9.6) years in a prospective single-center cohort study. RV LGE was present in 31 (56%) patients. The prespecified composite clinical end point comprised new-onset sustained tachyarrhythmia (atrial/ventricular) or decompensated heart failure admission/transplantation/death. Univariate predictors of the composite end point (n=22 patients; 19 atrial/2 ventricular tachyarrhythmia, 1 death) included RV LGE presence and extent, RV volumes/mass/ejection fraction, right atrial area, peak Vo(2), and age at repair. In bivariate analysis, RV LGE presence was independently associated with the composite end point (hazard ratio, 4.95 [95% confidence interval, 1.60-15.28]; P=0.005), and only percent predicted peak Vo(2) remained significantly associated with cardiac events after controlling for RV LGE (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.95]; P=0.009/5%). In 8 of 9 patients with >1 event, atrial tachyarrhythmia, itself a known risk factor for mortality, occurred first. There was agreement between location and extent of RV LGE at in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance and histologically documented focal RV fibrosis in an explanted heart. There was RV LGE progression in a different case restudied for clinical indications. Systemic RV LGE is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcome especially arrhythmia in transposition of the great arteries, thus LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance should be incorporated in risk stratification of these patients. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

Echocardiographic knowledge-based reconstruction for quantification of the systemic right ventricle in young adults with repaired D-transposition of great arteries.

PubMed

Kutty, Shelby; Li, Ling; Polak, Amanda; Gribben, Paul; Danford, David A

2012-03-15

The systemic right ventricle (RV) in congenital heart disease is susceptible to progressive dilation and dysfunction. A 2-dimensional echocardiographic means for serial monitoring of the RV would be of great value in this clinical setting. We used 2-dimensional echocardiography with knowledge-based reconstruction (2DE-KBR) for evaluation of systemic RV. Patients with d-transposition of great arteries repaired with an atrial switch and without implanted pacemakers were prospectively recruited for same-day 2DE-KBR and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. RV images were acquired in various 2-dimensional imaging planes using a 3-dimensional space-localizing device attached to the imaging transducer and 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed. RV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated and compared to volumetric CMR analysis. Fifteen patients (7 women, 8 men, 24 ± 7 years old, weight 67 ± 12 kg) were studied. There was good agreement of 2DE-KBR and CMR measurements. Mean RV end-diastolic volume was 221 ± 39 ml with 2DE-KBR and 231 ± 35 ml with CMR (r = 0.80); mean end-systolic volume was 129 ± 35 ml with KBR and 132 ± 30 ml with CMR (r = 0.82), and EF was 42 ± 10% with KBR and 43 ± 7% with CMR (r = 0.86). For 2DE-KBR mean interobserver variabilities were 4.6%, 2.6%, and 4.3%; intraobserver variabilities were 3.2%, 3.1%, and 2.3%, respectively, for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and EF. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of quantifying systemic RV volumes and function using 2DE-KBR in adolescents and young adults with repaired d-transposition of great arteries and good agreement of measurements with CMR. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quantity Recognition among Speakers of an Anumeric Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everett, Caleb; Madora, Keren

2012-01-01

Recent research has suggested that the Piraha, an Amazonian tribe with a number-less language, are able to match quantities greater than 3 if the matching task does not require recall or spatial transposition. This finding contravenes previous work among the Piraha. In this study, we re-tested the Pirahas' performance in the crucial one-to-one…

The Quiet Clam Is Quite Calm: Transposed-Letter Neighborhood Effects on Eye Movements during Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Rebecca L.

2009-01-01

In responses time tasks, inhibitory neighborhood effects have been found for word pairs that differ in a transposition of two adjacent letters (e.g., "clam/calm"). Here, the author describes two eye-tracking experiments conducted to explore transposed-letter (TL) neighborhood effects within the context of normal silent reading. In…

Bilateral intra-areolar polythelia: report of a rare case.

PubMed

Onesti, Maria Giuseppina; Anniboletti, Tommaso; Spinelli, Graziano; Meggiorini, Maria Letizia

2010-06-01

A very rare case of bilateral intra-areolar polythelia with two nipples in each breast is presented. There were no other associated malformations and the patient's family history was normal. Surgical correction was performed for cosmetic reasons at the patient's request using transposition flaps in a Z-plasty design. The aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory.

Unilateral dichotomy of nipple (intraareolar polythelia) and areola: report of a case and surgical correction.

PubMed

Arranz López, José L; García, Lourdes; Elena, Elvira; Benito, Pablo; De Juan, Ana

2006-01-01

An unusual case of intraareolar polythelia with two nipples is presented. The dichotomy affected not only the nipple, but also the areola. No other breast malformation existed. Surgical correction was performed by transposition flaps sutured to one another in the center of the areola. The anatomic and functional results were satisfactory.

Teaching Resources in Early School Grades: A Comparative Approach to the Teacher's Interpretative Space in Three Subject Areas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ligozat, Florence; Leutenegger, Francia

2015-01-01

As a research field for studying the conditions of knowledge diffusion in teaching and learning, French-speaking "Didactiques" strongly rely upon the concept of knowledge transposition for characterizing the relationships between the knowledge built and used in "out of school" activities, the knowledge to be taught in the…

Revisiting Evidence for Modularity and Functional Equivalence across Verbal and Spatial Domains in Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guerard, Katherine; Tremblay, Sebastien

2008-01-01

The authors revisited evidence in favor of modularity and of functional equivalence between the processing of verbal and spatial information in short-term memory. This was done by investigating the patterns of intrusions, omissions, transpositions, and fill-ins in verbal and spatial serial recall and order reconstruction tasks under control,…

Analysis of a Digital Technique for Frequency Transposition of Speech.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

scaled excitation function drives the vocal tract model. In a phone interview with James Kaiser of Bell Laboratories, he mentioned that current thinking...is processed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and then low pass filtered if desired. mAbe (Pb) FFT LPF- nih ~a s5ee.. S. 4Nrf#Nr Flow Chart for

Transpositional inactivation of gadW enhances curli production and biofilm formation in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 has been shown to produce variants that either express or are repressed in the expression of curli fimbriae promoting bacterial attachment, aggregation, and biofilm formation. The variant expression of curli fimbriae in some instances could result fr...

Construction of Graphic Symbol Sequences by Preschool-Aged Children: Learning, Training, and Maintenance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poupart, Annick; Trudeau, Natacha; Sutton, Ann

2013-01-01

The use of augmentative and alternative communication systems based on graphic symbols requires children to learn to combine symbols to convey utterances. The current study investigated how children without disabilities aged 4 to 6 years (n = 74) performed on a simple sentence (subject-verb and subject-verb-object) transposition task (i.e., spoken…

History and Nature of Science in High School: Building Up Parameters to Guide Educational Materials and Strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forato, Thaís Cyrino de Mello; de Andrade Martins, Roberto; Pietrocola, Maurício

2012-05-01

This article presents the main results of a research examining the didactic transposition of history and philosophy of science in high school level. The adaptation of history of science to this particular level, addressing some aspects of the nature of science aiming at the students' critical engagement, was analyzed by examining both the historiographic requirements of history of science and the pedagogical recommendations of science teaching. The research included the elaboration of a pilot course on the history of optics, with historical texts and educational activities, and its application in a high school. We used three episodes of the history of optics, addressing some epistemological points, especially criticizing the naive empirical-inductive view of science. It was possible to identify a series of obstacles in using history of science and conveying philosophical views. Their analysis resulted in devising strategies to surmount or to circumvent them. We implemented those strategies in the classroom and analyzed the data that was obtained. As a result, we substantiated several of our proposals and found that some solutions require improvement. We suggest some generalizations, which can be understood as initial parameters for guiding the use of history and philosophy of science in science teaching. We used a qualitative methodology of educational research to plan, to collect and to analyze the data, examining the interaction between students, teacher and knowledge.

Ambient air pollution and traffic exposures and congenital heart defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

PubMed

Padula, Amy M; Tager, Ira B; Carmichael, Suzan L; Hammond, S Katharine; Yang, Wei; Lurmann, Frederick; Shaw, Gary M

2013-07-01

Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants and some anomalies, although evidence is limited. We used data from the California Center of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Children's Health and Air Pollution Study to estimate the odds of 27 congenital heart defects with respect to quartiles of seven ambient air pollutant and traffic exposures in California during the first 2 months of pregnancy, 1997-2006 (n = 822 cases and n = 849 controls). Particulate matter < 10 microns (PM10 ) was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)Fourth Quartile  = 2.6] [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.2, 5.7] and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aORThird Quartile  = 2.1) [95% CI 1.1, 3.9] after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education and multivitamin use. PM2.5 was associated with transposition of the great arteries (aORThird Quartile  = 2.6) [95% CI 1.1, 6.5] and inversely associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aORFourth Quartile  = 0.5) [95% CI 0.2, 0.9]. Secundum atrial septal defects were inversely associated with carbon monoxide (aORFourth Quartile  = 0.4) [95% CI 0.2, 0.8] and PM2.5 (aORFourth Quartile  = 0.5) [95% CI 0.3, 0.8]. Traffic density was associated with muscular ventricular septal defects (aORFourth Quartile  = 3.0) [95% CI 1.2, 7.8] and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (aORThird Quartile  = 2.4) [95% CI 1.3, 4.6], and inversely associated with transposition of the great arteries (aORFourth Quartile  = 0.3) [95% CI 0.1, 0.8]. PM10 and traffic density may contribute to the occurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis and ventricular septal defects, respectively. The results were mixed for other pollutants and had little consistency with previous studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Left Ventricular Retraining and Double Switch in Patients With Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

PubMed

Ibrahimiye, Ali N; Mainwaring, Richard D; Patrick, William L; Downey, Laura; Yarlagadda, Vamsi; Hanley, Frank L

2017-03-01

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CC-TGA) is a complex form of congenital heart defect with numerous anatomic subgroups. The majority of patients with CC-TGA are excellent candidates for a double-switch procedure. However, in the absence of an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect or subpulmonary stenosis, the left ventricle (LV) may undergo involution and require retraining prior to double switch. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with patients having CC-TGA who required LV retraining prior to a double-switch procedure. This was a retrospective review of 24 patients with CC-TGA who were enrolled in an LV retraining program in preparation for a double-switch procedure. The median age at the time of enrollment for retraining was 11 months (range 1 month-24 years). The average left ventricle to right ventricle pressure ratio was 0.39 ± 0.07 prior to intervention. All 24 patients underwent placement of an initial pulmonary artery band (PAB) for LV retraining. Eighteen (75%) of the 24 patients underwent a double-switch procedure with no operative mortality. Of these 18 patients, 9 had a single PAB and 9 required a second band for retraining. Six patients have not undergone a double-switch procedure to date. Five patients are good candidates for a double switch and are 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 months, and 35 months since their last PAB. One patient died from a noncardiac cause 26 months after PAB retightening. The 18 patients who underwent a double switch were followed for an average of 5 ± 1 years (range 0.1-10.3 years). There has been no late mortality, and only 2 patients required further reinterventions. The data demonstrate that LV retraining has been highly effective in this select group of patients with CC-TGA. The data also demonstrate that the results of the double-switch procedure have been excellent at midterm follow-up. These results suggest that LV retraining and double switch offer a reliable strategy option for patients with CC-TGA.

[Some similarities between the work of M.C. Escher and plastic surgery].

PubMed

Marck, K W

2002-12-21

At first sight there would appear to be no similarities between the work of the Dutch graphic artist M.C. Escher and plastic surgery. M.C. Escher was a gifted graphic artist who produced a large collection of work. Most of his fame is due to the works that play with symmetry, space and infinity and leave the viewer astounded. However, how Escher came to produce these works is less well known. A theory which he developed himself formed the basis of the regular plane division. It later became apparent that this theory almost completely agreed with the mathematics of plane division. Two movements (isometries) defined in mathematics, translation and rotation, are equivalent to two techniques for transferring local skin in plastic surgery, namely, advancement and transposition. Escher's performance on the plane of a sheet of paper and a plastic surgeon's performance on the plane of the skin, therefore have a similar mathematical background. Escher has visualised these mathematical rules in an unusual and artistic manner, whereas plastic surgeons apply these rules in the grace of an elastic and healing nature.

The role of visual spatial attention in adult developmental dyslexia.

PubMed

Collis, Nathan L; Kohnen, Saskia; Kinoshita, Sachiko

2013-01-01

The present study investigated the nature of visual spatial attention deficits in adults with developmental dyslexia, using a partial report task with five-letter, digit, and symbol strings. Participants responded by a manual key press to one of nine alternatives, which included other characters in the string, allowing an assessment of position errors as well as intrusion errors. The results showed that the dyslexic adults performed significantly worse than age-matched controls with letter and digit strings but not with symbol strings. Both groups produced W-shaped serial position functions with letter and digit strings. The dyslexics' deficits with letter string stimuli were limited to position errors, specifically at the string-interior positions 2 and 4. These errors correlated with letter transposition reading errors (e.g., reading slat as "salt"), but not with the Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) task. Overall, these results suggest that the dyslexic adults have a visual spatial attention deficit; however, the deficit does not reflect a reduced span in visual-spatial attention, but a deficit in processing a string of letters in parallel, probably due to difficulty in the coding of letter position.

The Investigation of 6th Grade Student Misconceptions Originated from Didactic about the "Digestive System" Subject

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozgur, Sami; Pelitoglu, Fatma Cildir

2008-01-01

In this study, the misconceptions emerged as a result of instruction were examined from the viewpoint of the Didactic Transposition Theory. To this end, two randomly selected sample groups (n = 33 and n = 31) from the students of two nearby schools in downtown Balikesir were included in the study. It was observed that different knowledge…

Reply to "Pericyclic or Pseudopericyclic? The Case of an Allylic Transposition in The Synthesis of a Saccharin Derivative"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fonseca, Custódia S. C.

2017-01-01

Sigmatropic rearrangement is one of the main classes of pericyclic reactions, which does not necessarily mean that these rearrangements have a pericyclic mechanism. The allylic saccharin derivative O-cinnamylsaccharin can isomerize into N-cinnamylsaccharin in the polar solvent system toluene/triethylamine in a reaction time of 2 h at 110°C. The…

The lobular transposition flap: a useful adjunct to reconstruct helical defects.

PubMed

Saleh, D B; Tan, J; Mohammed, P; Majumder, S

2012-07-01

We detail our adjunct to Antia and Buch's chondrocutaneous advancement flap for helical reconstruction. It is simple, reliable and negates the need for transfer of the defect to the lobule and/or V-Y advancement of the helical crus. Copyright © 2011 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How Is the Serial Order of a Visual Sequence Represented? Insights from Transposition Latencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hurlstone, Mark J.; Hitch, Graham J.

2018-01-01

A central goal of research on short-term memory (STM) over the past 2 decades has been to identify the mechanisms that underpin the representation of serial order, and to establish whether these mechanisms are the same across different modalities and domains (e.g., verbal, visual, spatial). A fruitful approach to addressing this question has…

Evaluation of the Knowledge of Science Teachers with Didactic Transposition Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atalar, Fatma Bulut; Ergun, Mustafa

2018-01-01

The quality of the process of teaching is related to the behaviors shown by the teacher and their capability. In cases where teachers who have different training are expected to teach the same topic, teachers may make some alterations in the topics in question. Turkish education system has teachers who have different training but teach the same…

Apollo 7/S-IVB Rendezvous in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

The expended Saturn IVB stage as photographed from the Apollo 7 spacecraft during transposition and docking maneuvers. This photograph was taken over Sonora, Mexico, during Apollo 7's second revolution of the Earth. The round, white disc inside the open panels of the Saturn IVB is a simulated docking target similar to that used on the lunar module for docking during lunar missions.

From linear mechanics to nonlinear mechanics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loeb, Julian

1955-01-01

Consideration is given to the techniques used in telecommunication where a nonlinear system (the modulator) results in a linear transposition of a signal. It is then shown that a similar method permits linearization of electromechanical devices or nonlinear mechanical devices. A sweep function plays the same role as the carrier wave in radio-electricity. The linearizations of certain nonlinear functionals are presented.

The Effect of Frequency Transposition on Speech Perception in Adolescents and Young Adults with Profound Hearing Loss

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gou, J.; Smith, J.; Valero, J.; Rubio, I.

2011-01-01

This paper reports on a clinical trial evaluating outcomes of a frequency-lowering technique for adolescents and young adults with severe to profound hearing impairment. Outcomes were defined by changes in aided thresholds, speech perception, and acceptance. The participants comprised seven young people aged between 13 and 25 years. They were…

Developmental origin of limb size variation in lizards.

PubMed

Andrews, Robin M; Skewes, Sable A

2017-05-01

In many respects, reptile hatchlings are fully functional, albeit miniature, adults. This means that the adult morphology must emerge during embryonic development. This insight emphasizes the connection between the mechanisms that generate phenotypic variation during embryonic development and the action of selection on post-hatching individuals. To determine when species-specific differences in limb and tail lengths emerge during embryonic development, we compared allometric patterns of early limb growth of four distantly related species of lizards. The major questions addressed were whether early embryonic limb and tail growth is characterized by the gradual (continuous allometry) or by the abrupt emergence (transpositional allometry) of size differences among species. Our observations supported transpositional allometry of both limbs and tails. Species-specific differences in limb and tail length were exhibited when limb and tail buds first protruded from the body wall. Genes known to be associated with early limb development of tetrapods are obvious targets for studies on the genetic mechanisms that determine interspecific differences in relative limb length. Broadly comparative studies of gene regulation would facilitate understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptive variation in limb size, including limb reduction and loss, of squamate reptiles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Pregnancy after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Genoni, M; Jenni, R; Hoerstrup, S P; Vogt, P; Turina, M

1999-03-01

To investigate the risk of pregnancy in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) who have undergone atrial repair. Retrospective analysis (1962-94) of 342 TGA patients who underwent atrial repair. Of 231 known late survivors, 48 were women over 18 years old who were interviewed about possible reproductive plans and previous pregnancies. As a control, comparison was made with data of 57 500 women (mean age 26 years) obtained from the Swiss Statistical Bank in Bern. Mean follow up was 13.7 years; 66% remained asymptomatic, 29% had mild to moderate cardiac symptoms, and 5% suffered from severe cardiac symptoms (New York Heart Association grade III-IV). Thirty six of the 48 women wished to bear children and, to date, there have been 10 live births, two spontaneous first trimester abortions, and one induced abortion at 16 weeks. During pregnancy there was one case of cardiac deterioration and two cases of pneumonia. There was no evidence of congenital heart disease in the children. In this relatively small series the completion of pregnancy in women with TGA who had undergone atrial repair and who had normal functional cardiac status was uncomplicated

Drosophila Females Undergo Genome Expansion after Interspecific Hybridization

PubMed Central

Romero-Soriano, Valèria; Burlet, Nelly; Vela, Doris; Fontdevila, Antonio; Vieira, Cristina; García Guerreiro, María Pilar

2016-01-01

Genome size (or C-value) can present a wide range of values among eukaryotes. This variation has been attributed to differences in the amplification and deletion of different noncoding repetitive sequences, particularly transposable elements (TEs). TEs can be activated under different stress conditions such as interspecific hybridization events, as described for several species of animals and plants. These massive transposition episodes can lead to considerable genome expansions that could ultimately be involved in hybrid speciation processes. Here, we describe the effects of hybridization and introgression on genome size of Drosophila hybrids. We measured the genome size of two close Drosophila species, Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae, their F1 offspring and the offspring from three generations of backcrossed hybrids; where mobilization of up to 28 different TEs was previously detected. We show that hybrid females indeed present a genome expansion, especially in the first backcross, which could likely be explained by transposition events. Hybrid males, which exhibit more variable C-values among individuals of the same generation, do not present an increased genome size. Thus, we demonstrate that the impact of hybridization on genome size can be detected through flow cytometry and is sex-dependent. PMID:26872773

Arterial switch: translocation of the intramural coronary artery.

PubMed

Asou, T; Karl, T R; Pawade, A; Mee, R B

1994-02-01

Translocation of an intramural coronary artery is one of the most challenging problems in anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. Of 259 patients undergoing arterial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries in our hospital, 12 (4.6%) were found to have intramural coronary arteries. The diagnosis was made intraoperatively in all patients. There were five different types of intramural coronary anatomy noted, with ostial stenosis present in half. The operative technique consisted of detachment of the posterior commissure of the aortic valve and unroofing of the intramural segment of the coronary artery by excision of a triangular portion of internal aortic wall. The coronary arteries were excised as a single disc, which was divided into two cuffs. The arterial switch was then performed in the usual fashion. The posterior commissure of the aortic valve was resuspended to the pericardial patch used to reconstruct the neopulmonary artery sinus. There were no operative or late deaths over a follow-up of 328 patient-months. Postoperatively, no patient showed ischemic changes on electrocardiogram or abnormal wall motion on echocardiogram. We believe that intramural coronary arteries can be managed satisfactorily with this technique, and that arterial switch will be possible in all cases.

Germ line transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, mediated by transpositional insertion of a piggyBac vector.

PubMed

Lobo, N F; Hua-Van, A; Li, X; Nolen, B M; Fraser, M J

2002-04-01

Mosquito-vectored diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever continue to have a substantial impact on human populations world-wide. Novel strategies for control of these mosquito vectored diseases can arise through the development of reliable systems for genetic manipulation of the insect vector. A piggyBac vector marked with the Drosophila melanogaster cinnabar (cn) gene was used to transform the white-eyed khw strain of Aedes aegypti. Microinjection of preblastoderm embryos resulted in four families of cinnabar transformed insects. An overall transformation frequency of 4%, with a range of 0% to as high as 13% for individual experiments, was achieved when using a heat-shock induced transposase providing helper plasmid. Southern hybridizations indicated multiple insertion events in three of four transgenic lines, while the presence of duplicated target TTAA sites at either ends of individual insertions confirmed characteristic piggyBac transposition events in these three transgenic lines. The transgenic phenotype has remained stable for more than twenty generations. The transformations effected using the piggyBac element establish the potential of this element as a germ-line transformation vector for Aedine mosquitoes.

One to rule them all

PubMed Central

Bouuaert, Corentin Claeys; Tellier, Michael; Chalmers, Ronald

2014-01-01

The development of transposon-based genome manipulation tools can benefit greatly from understanding transposons’ inherent regulatory mechanisms. The Tc1-mariner transposons, which are being widely used in biotechnological applications, are subject to a self-inhibitory mechanism whereby increasing transposase expression beyond a certain point decreases the rate of transposition. In a recent paper, Liu and Chalmers performed saturating mutagenesis on the highly conserved WVPHEL motif in the mariner-family transposase from the Hsmar1 element. Curiously, they found that the majority of all possible single mutations were hyperactive. Biochemical characterizations of the mutants revealed that the hyperactivity is due to a defect in communication between transposase subunits, which normally regulates transposition by reducing the rate of synapsis. This provides important clues for improving transposon-based tools. However, some WVPHEL mutants also showed features that would be undesirable for most biotechnological applications: they showed uncontrolled DNA cleavage activities and defects in the coordination of cleavage between the two transposon ends. The study illustrates how the knowledge of inhibitory mechanisms can help improve transposon tools but also highlights an important challenge, which is to specifically target a regulatory mechanism without affecting other important functions of the transposase. PMID:24812590

What can we learn from learning models about sensitivity to letter-order in visual word recognition?

PubMed Central

Lerner, Itamar; Armstrong, Blair C.; Frost, Ram

2014-01-01

Recent research on the effects of letter transposition in Indo-European Languages has shown that readers are surprisingly tolerant of these manipulations in a range of tasks. This evidence has motivated the development of new computational models of reading that regard flexibility in positional coding to be a core and universal principle of the reading process. Here we argue that such approach does not capture cross-linguistic differences in transposed-letter effects, nor do they explain them. To address this issue, we investigated how a simple domain-general connectionist architecture performs in tasks such as letter-transposition and letter substitution when it had learned to process words in the context of different linguistic environments. The results show that in spite of of the neurobiological noise involved in registering letter-position in all languages, flexibility and inflexibility in coding letter order is also shaped by the statistical orthographic properties of words in a language, such as the relative prevalence of anagrams. Our learning model also generated novel predictions for targeted empirical research, demonstrating a clear advantage of learning models for studying visual word recognition. PMID:25431521

Interaction between transposable phages: cip locus of prophage D3112, responsible for inhibition of integration and transposition of the related phage B39 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gerasimov, V.A.; Yanenko, A.S.; Akhverdyan, V.Z.

1986-04-01

Bacteriophage D3112 forms two types of PA01 (D3112) lysogens: those that partially, or completely, limit the growth of the related heteroimmune phage B39. DNA/DNA hybridization has shown that the lysogens of the first type always contain one copy of prophage D3112 (monolysogens), and the lysogens of the second type contain two or more copies of prophage D3112. Limitation of the growth of phage B39 on PA01 (D3112) lysogens is associated with the functioning of the locus of prophage D3112, designated as cip (control of interaction of phages). Using deletion derivatives of plasmid RP4::D3112, the cip locus was mapped at anmore » interval of 1.3-2.45 kb of the D3112 genome. The expression of the cip locus occurs only if the D3112 genome is at the prophage state. The function of the Cip prophage of D3112 exerts an influence on early stages of development of phage B39, decreasing the efficiency of the integration and transposition processes of phage B39.« less

Cut-and-Paste Transposons in Fungi with Diverse Lifestyles

PubMed Central

Steczkiewicz, Kamil; Ginalski, Krzysztof

2017-01-01

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) shape genomes via recombination and transposition, lead to chromosomal rearrangements, create new gene neighborhoods, and alter gene expression. They play key roles in adaptation either to symbiosis in Amanita genus or to pathogenicity in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Despite growing evidence of their importance, the abundance and distribution of mobile elements replicating in a “cut-and-paste” fashion is barely described so far. In order to improve our knowledge on this old and ubiquitous class of transposable elements, 1,730 fungal genomes were scanned using both de novo and homology-based approaches. DNA TEs have been identified across the whole data set and display uneven distribution from both DNA TE classification and fungal taxonomy perspectives. DNA TE content correlates with genome size, which confirms that many transposon families proliferate simultaneously. In contrast, it is independent from intron density, average gene distance and GC content. TE count is associated with species’ lifestyle and tends to be elevated in plant symbionts and decreased in animal parasites. Lastly, we found that fungi with both RIP and RNAi systems have more total DNA TE sequences but less elements retaining a functional transposase, what reflects stringent control over transposition. PMID:29228286

Modified rerouting procedure for failed peroneal tendon dislocation surgery.

PubMed

Gaulke, R; Hildebrand, F; Panzica, M; Hüfner, T; Krettek, C

2010-04-01

Recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons following operative treatment is relatively uncommon, but can be difficult to treat. We asked whether subligamental transposition of the peroneus brevis tendon, fibular grooving, and reattachment of the superior peroneal retinaculum for failed peroneal tendon dislocation surgery would achieve a stable fixation of the peroneal tendons and whether there would be restrictions of ROM or instability of the hindfoot. We reviewed six female patients (mean age, 24.5 years) with general laxity of joints preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Within 1 year postoperatively no recurrence was found. In two ankles the extension was restricted 5 degrees to 10 degrees . In another pronation and supination was restricted 5 degrees each. Stability of the ankle increased in four patients and stayed unchanged in two. AOFAS score increased from a mean value of 36 +/- 20.6 preoperatively to 90 +/- 7 postoperatively at 1 year. We conclude transposition of the peroneus brevis tendon is a reasonable treatment for failed peroneal tendon dislocation surgery. Level IV, therapeutic study (prospective case series). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The reverse boomerang sign: a marker for first-trimester transposition of great arteries.

PubMed

Bravo-Valenzuela, Nathalie Jeanne; Peixoto, Alberto Borges; Araujo Júnior, Edward; Da Silva Costa, Fabricio; Meagher, Simon

2017-10-12

To describe a new sonographic marker of transposition of great arteries (TGA) during the first-trimester screening. We reviewed six cases of TGA from 2013 to 2016 in which an antenatal diagnosis of TGA at first-trimester screening (11-13 + 6 weeks of gestation) was confirmed postnatally. We specifically assessed images obtained by scanning the fetal heart in three vessels (3V) and three-vessel with trachea (3VT) views using color Doppler. The "reverse boomerang" sign was defined as a reverse curvature of right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) at level of the 3VT view. We described six cases of confirmed TGA, five singletons and one twin pregnancy, among which only two vessels and the reverse curvature of RVOT (reverse boomerang sign) was demonstrated in the first-trimester screening at level of 3VT view. Ventricular septal defects were observed in three cases, and double outlet right ventricle in one case. No other cardiac or extracardiac anomalies were identified. Termination of pregnancy was not performed in any case. Our series case suggests that the reverse boomerang sign may improve the early prenatal screening for TGA.

Relationship between Smoking and Outcomes after Cubital Tunnel Release.

PubMed

Crosby, Nicholas E; Nosrati, Naveed N; Merrell, Greg; Hasting, Hill

2018-04-01

Several studies have drawn a connection between cigarette smoking and cubital tunnel syndrome. One comparison article demonstrated worse outcomes in smokers treated with transmuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve. However, very little is known about the effect that smoking might have on patients who undergo ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of smoking preoperatively on outcomes in patients treated with ulnar nerve decompression. This study used a survey developed from the comparison article with additional questions based on outcome measures from supportive literature. Postoperative improvement was probed, including sensation, strength, and pain scores. A thorough smoking history was obtained. The study spanned a 10-year period. A total of 1,366 surveys were mailed to former patients, and 247 surveys with adequate information were returned. No significant difference was seen in demographics or comorbidities. Patients who smoked preoperatively were found to more likely relate symptoms of pain. Postoperatively, nonsmoking patients generally reported more favorable improvement, though these findings were not statistically significant. This study finds no statistically significant effect of smoking on outcomes after ulnar nerve decompression. Finally, among smokers, there were no differences in outcomes between simple decompression and transposition.

Metabolic alterations and neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with transposition of the great arteries.

PubMed

Park, I Sook; Yoon, S Young; Min, J Yeon; Kim, Y Hwue; Ko, J Kok; Kim, K Soo; Seo, D Man; Lee, J Hee

2006-01-01

Abnormal neurodevelopment has been reported for infants who were born with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and underwent arterial switch operation (ASO). This study evaluates the cerebral metabolism of TGA infants at birth and before ASO and neurodevelopment 1 year after ASO. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was performed on 16 full-term TGA brains before ASO within 3-6 days after birth. The brain metabolite ratios of [NAA/Cr], [Cho/Cr], and [mI/Cr] evaluated measured. Ten infants were evaluated at 1 year using the Bayley Scales of Infants Development II (BSED II). Cerebral metabolism of infants with TGA was altered in parietal white matter (PWM) and occipital gray matter (OGM) at birth before ASO. One year after ASO, [Cho/Cr] in PWM remained altered, but all metabolic ratios in OGM were normal. The results of BSID II at 1 year showed delayed mental and psychomotor development. This delayed neurodevelopmental outcome may reflect consequences of the altered cerebral metabolism in PWM measured by 1H-MRS. It is speculated that the abnormal hemodynamics due to TGA in utero may be responsible for the impaired cerebral metabolism and the subsequent neurodevelopmental deficit.

Germline Transgenic Pigs by Sleeping Beauty Transposition in Porcine Zygotes and Targeted Integration in the Pig Genome

PubMed Central

Garrels, Wiebke; Mátés, Lajos; Holler, Stephanie; Dalda, Anna; Taylor, Ulrike; Petersen, Björn; Niemann, Heiner; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Ivics, Zoltán; Kues, Wilfried A.

2011-01-01

Genetic engineering can expand the utility of pigs for modeling human diseases, and for developing advanced therapeutic approaches. However, the inefficient production of transgenic pigs represents a technological bottleneck. Here, we assessed the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB100X) transposon system for enzyme-catalyzed transgene integration into the embryonic porcine genome. The components of the transposon vector system were microinjected as circular plasmids into the cytoplasm of porcine zygotes, resulting in high frequencies of transgenic fetuses and piglets. The transgenic animals showed normal development and persistent reporter gene expression for >12 months. Molecular hallmarks of transposition were confirmed by analysis of 25 genomic insertion sites. We demonstrate germ-line transmission, segregation of individual transposons, and continued, copy number-dependent transgene expression in F1-offspring. In addition, we demonstrate target-selected gene insertion into transposon-tagged genomic loci by Cre-loxP-based cassette exchange in somatic cells followed by nuclear transfer. Transposase-catalyzed transgenesis in a large mammalian species expands the arsenal of transgenic technologies for use in domestic animals and will facilitate the development of large animal models for human diseases. PMID:21897845

Molecular evolution of tetracycline-resistance plasmids carrying TetM found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from different countries.

PubMed

Gascoyne, D M; Heritage, J; Hawkey, P M; Turner, A; van Klingeren, B

1991-08-01

High level tetracycline resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) have been shown to carry a 40.6 kb (25.2 MDa) conjugative plasmid with a Class M tetracycline resistance determinant. Restriction endonuclease analysis mapping showed that there were at least two different TRNG plasmid types which were found in geographically distinct locations. The physical maps of these two plasmids were compared to a gonococcal conjugative plasmid which did not encode tetracycline resistance. The plasmid type which is endemic in the Netherlands was found to be closely related to the gonococcal conjugative plasmid, which supports the established hypothesis that the 40.6 kb plasmid has evolved by transposition of the TetM determinant into the conjugative plasmid. The plasmid found in the United States has either evolved by substantial divergent evolution or it results from a different transposition event. In the UK there have been isolations of TRNGs carrying either of the two plasmid types reflecting a flow of people both across the Atlantic and in Europe. It is possible that further TetM-containing plasmids will be found in N. gonorrhoeae paralleling the family of TEM beta-lactamase encoding plasmids already described.

Surgical transposition of the ovaries: imaging findings in 14 patients.

PubMed

Kier, R; Chambers, S K

1989-11-01

Pelvic radiation therapy for cervical or vaginal cancer often leads to ovarian failure. To remove the ovaries from the radiation portal and preserve their function, they can be transposed to the lateral abdomen. Serial imaging studies in 14 patients who had undergone ovarian transposition (five bilateral, nine unilateral) were reviewed. Images obtained included 32 CT scans, 20 sonograms, and one MR image. Most transposed ovaries were located along the paracolic gutters near the iliac crests, creating an extrinsic mass effect on adjacent bowel. Detection of surgical clips on the ovary on CT scans allowed confident recognition of all 19 transposed ovaries. Cysts in the transposed ovaries, noted on most imaging studies, did not correlate with complications of pain or hormonal dysfunction. In one case, a large physiologic cyst in a transposed ovary distorted the cecum and was mistaken for a mucocele of the appendix. In another case, a large ovarian cyst was thought to be tumor recurrence or a lymphocele. These findings indicate that although the transposed ovaries can be recognized on CT scans by the surgical clips attached to the ovaries, the appearance of the ovary does not predict reliably the development of complications.

Recurrent Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Caused by Ganglion: A Report of Nine Cases.

PubMed

Komatsu, Masatoshi; Uchiyama, Shigeharu; Kimura, Takumi; Suenaga, Naoki; Hayashi, Masanori; Kato, Hiroyuki

2018-06-01

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is generally treated successfully by surgery and recurrent cases are rare. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of recurrent CuTS caused by ganglion. We evaluated nine patients who were surgically treated for recurrent CuTS caused by ganglion. Age distribution at recurrence ranged from 43 to 79 years. The initial surgery for CuTS had been performed using various methods. The asymptomatic period from initial surgery to recurrence ranged from 22 to 252 months. Clinical, diagnostic imaging, and operative findings during the second surgery were analyzed. All patients were treated by anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition with ganglion resection and later examined directly within a mean of 71 months after the second surgery. The interval from recurrence to consultation was shorter than two months for eight cases. Chief complaints included numbness with or without pain in the ring and little fingers in all patients and resting pain in the medial elbow in five patients. Elbow osteoarthritis was present in all cases. Although four of 10 ganglia were palpable, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging could identify all ganglia preoperatively. The ulnar nerve typically had become entrapped by the ganglion posteriorly and by fascia, scar tissue, and/or muscle anteriorly. Chief complaints and ulnar nerve function were improved in all patients following revision surgery. The acute onset of numbness with or without intolerable pain in the ring and little fingers after a long-term remission period following initial surgery for CuTS in patients with elbow osteoarthritis appears to be the characteristic clinical profile of recurrent CuTS caused by ganglion. As ganglia are often not palpable, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are recommended for accurate diagnosis.

Long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) causes polymorphism at the rat insulin 1 locus.

PubMed

Lakshmikumaran, M S; D'Ambrosio, E; Laimins, L A; Lin, D T; Furano, A V

1985-09-01

The insulin 1, but not the insulin 2, locus is polymorphic (i.e., exhibits allelic variation) in rats. Restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization studies showed that the polymorphic region is 2.2 kilobases upstream of the insulin 1 coding region and is due to the presence or absence of an approximately 2.7-kilobase repeated DNA element. DNA sequence determination showed that this DNA element is a member of a long interspersed repeated DNA family (LINE) that is highly repeated (greater than 50,000 copies) and highly transcribed in the rat. Although the presence or absence of LINE sequences at the insulin 1 locus occurs in both the homozygous and heterozygous states, LINE-containing insulin 1 alleles are more prevalent in the rat population than are alleles without LINEs. Restriction enzyme analysis of the LINE-containing alleles indicated that at least two versions of the LINE sequence may be present at the insulin 1 locus in different rats. Either repeated transposition of LINE sequences or gene conversion between the resident insulin 1 LINE and other sequences in the genome are possible explanations for this.

Lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap transposition to the midlateral femur: extending the arc of rotation.

PubMed

Agarwal, Rishi Raj; Broder, Kevin; Kulidjian, Anna; Bodor, Richard

2014-05-01

We report the successful use of an extended lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for coverage of the midlateral femur using successive delayed elevations. A 62-year-old man underwent wide resection of a liposarcoma of the right anterior thigh with free flap reconstruction and subsequent radiation therapy 10 years before. Four years later, the patient fractured his irradiated femur and was treated with a retrograde intramedullary nail, which subsequently became infected, causing osteomyelitis of the distal femur, septic arthritis of the knee joint, and nonunion of his pathologic fracture. Although advised by numerous surgeons to undergo above-knee amputation, we offered our motivated patient a multidisciplinary approach to clear his infection and pathology; implanted new orthopedic hardware; performed delayed flap reconstruction; and rehabilitated him back to painless, unassisted ambulation. The extended lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap used provided perfused soft tissues and durable coverage for the patient's exposed orthopedic hardware of the midlateral femur, 14 cm above the joint line of the knee. By using this flap to cover a femur defect well above published heights, our patient avoided amputation after years of worsening incapacitation.

Telomere fusion in Drosophila: The role of subtelomeric chromatin

PubMed Central

Marzullo, Marta; Gatti, Maurizio

2015-01-01

Drosophila telomeres are maintained by transposition to chromosome ends of the HeT-A, TART and TAHRE retrotransposons, collectively designated as HTT. Although all Drosophila telomeres terminate with HTT arrays and are capped by the terminin complex, they differ in the type of subtelomeric chromatin. The HTT sequences of YS, YL, XR, and 4L are juxtaposed to constitutive heterochromatin, while the HTTs of the other telomeres are linked to either the TAS repeat-associated chromatin (XL, 2L, 2R, 3L, 3R) or to the specialized 4R chromatin. We found that mutations in pendolino (peo) cause (telomeric fusions) that preferentially involve the heterochromatin-associated telomeres (Ha-telomeres), a telomeric fusion pattern never observed in the other 10 telomere-capping mutants characterized so far. Peo, is homologous to the E2 variant ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and is required for DNA replication. Our analyses lead us to hypothesize that DNA replication in Peo-depleted cells results in specific fusigenic lesions concentrated in Ha-telomeres. These data provide the first demonstration that subtelomeres can affect telomere fusion. PMID:26786804

Comparing Teaching Approaches About Maxwell's Displacement Current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karam, Ricardo; Coimbra, Debora; Pietrocola, Maurício

2014-08-01

Due to its fundamental role for the consolidation of Maxwell's equations, the displacement current is one of the most important topics of any introductory course on electromagnetism. Moreover, this episode is widely used by historians and philosophers of science as a case study to investigate several issues (e.g. the theory-experiment relationship). Despite the consensus among physics educators concerning the relevance of the topic, there are many possible ways to interpret and justify the need for the displacement current term. With the goal of understanding the didactical transposition of this topic more deeply, we investigate three of its domains: (1) The historical development of Maxwell's reasoning; (2) Different approaches to justify the term insertion in physics textbooks; and (3) Four lectures devoted to introduce the topic in undergraduate level given by four different professors. By reflecting on the differences between these three domains, significant evidence for the knowledge transformation caused by the didactization of this episode is provided. The main purpose of this comparative analysis is to assist physics educators in developing an epistemological surveillance regarding the teaching and learning of the displacement current.

[Decubitus ulcer in the calcaneus region: rapid development, difficult recovery].

PubMed

Fugazza, G; Bona, F

1996-03-01

Heel pressure sores frequently arise in patients kept in bed for a long time independently of their primary disease. In account of this event the authors completed a study concerning possible mutual relations between heel pressure sores and primary disease of the patients; to validate the pharmacological treatment in less severe sores and the surgical resolution in more serious cutaneous lesions. In the last 3 years (1992-1995) at the Rehabilitation Centre of Montescano the authors have treated 39 patients suffering from 63 different severe cutaneous lesions: from phlycten to deep necrosis. The therapeutic plane utilized pharmacological treatment for 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree pressure sores, and surgical treatment for 4th degree. Pharmacological treatment included: enzymatic drugs, bactericidal and bacteriostatic medicines and cicatrizing substances. Different healing times were related to different pressure sore severity. Surgical treatment consisted of transposition of flap into wound defect. This system caused considerable reduction in resolution times. The authors noticed how easily pressure sores arise in the heel region, and how difficultly they heal. This is probably connected with particular anatomical and vascular characteristics of this region.

The Role of Transposable Elements in Speciation

PubMed Central

Serrato-Capuchina, Antonio; Matute, Daniel R.

2018-01-01

Understanding the phenotypic and molecular mechanisms that contribute to genetic diversity between and within species is fundamental in studying the evolution of species. In particular, identifying the interspecific differences that lead to the reduction or even cessation of gene flow between nascent species is one of the main goals of speciation genetic research. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences with the ability to move within genomes. TEs are ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to alter regulatory networks, gene expression, and to rearrange genomes as a result of their transposition. However, no systematic effort has evaluated the role of TEs in speciation. We compiled the evidence for TEs as potential causes of reproductive isolation across a diversity of taxa. We find that TEs are often associated with hybrid defects that might preclude the fusion between species, but that the involvement of TEs in other barriers to gene flow different from postzygotic isolation is still relatively unknown. Finally, we list a series of guides and research avenues to disentangle the effects of TEs on the origin of new species. PMID:29762547

Quantum key distillation from Gaussian states by Gaussian operations.

PubMed

Navascués, M; Bae, J; Cirac, J I; Lewestein, M; Sanpera, A; Acín, A

2005-01-14

We study the secrecy properties of Gaussian states under Gaussian operations. Although such operations are useless for quantum distillation, we prove that it is possible to distill a secret key secure against any attack from sufficiently entangled Gaussian states with nonpositive partial transposition. Moreover, all such states allow for key distillation, when Eve is assumed to perform finite-size coherent attacks before the reconciliation process.

Monocephalus diprosopus, a rare form of conjoined twins, and associated congenital anomalies.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Morales, Edda L; Correa-Rivas, María S; Colón-Castillo, Lillian E

2002-09-01

Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus) is a rare form of conjoined twins. A case of monocephalus diprosopus with anencephaly, cervicothoracolumbar rachischisis, and duplication of the respiratory tract and upper gastrointestinal tract is reported. The cardiovascular system remained single but the heart showed transposition of the great vessels. We present this case due to its rarity, and compare our pathologic findings with those already reported.

Pericyclic or Pseudopericyclic? The Case of an Allylic Transposition in The Synthesis of a Saccharin Derivative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hare, Stephanie R.; Tantillo, Dean J.

2017-01-01

When new concepts, models, or theories are introduced in a course, their presentation should be accurate, even if depth is not the goal. In a recent publication in this Journal, the Woodward-Hoffmann rules were invoked in the context of a new laboratory experiment, but the associated description was inaccurate. Here we aim to clarify the…

The midline central artery forehead flap: a valid alternative to supratrochlear-based forehead flaps.

PubMed

Faris, Callum; van der Eerden, Paul; Vuyk, Hade

2015-01-01

This study clarifies the pedicle geometry and vascular supply of a midline forehead flap for nasal reconstruction. It reports on the vascular reliability of this flap and its ability to reduce hair transposition to the nose, a major complicating factor of previous forehead flap designs. To compare the vascular reliability of 3 different pedicle designs of the forehead flap in nasal reconstruction (classic paramedian, glabellar paramedian, and central artery flap design) and evaluate hair transposition rates and aesthetic results. Retrospective analysis of patient data and outcomes retrieved from computer files generated at the time of surgery, supplemented by data from the patient medical records and photographic documentation, from a tertiary referral nasal reconstructive practice, within a secondary-care hospital setting. The study population included all consecutive patients over a 19-year period who underwent primary forehead flap repair of nasal defects, with more than 3 months of postoperative follow-up and photographic documentation. Three sequential forehead flap patterns were used (classic paramedian flap, glabella flap, and central artery flap) for nasal reconstruction over the study duration. Data collected included patient characteristics, method of repair, complications, functional outcome, and patient satisfaction score. For cosmetic outcome, photographic documentation was scored by a medical juror. No forehead flap had vascular compromise in the first stage. Partial flap necrosis was reported in subsequent stages in 4 patients (1%), with no statistical difference in the rate of vascular compromise between the 3 flap designs. Hair transposition to the nose was lower in the central artery forehead flap (7%) compared with the classic paramedian (23%) and glabellar paramedian (13%) flaps (P < .05). Photographic evaluation in 227 patients showed that brow position (98%) and color match (83%) were good in the majority of the patients. In this series, the central artery forehead flap was as reliable (in terms of vascularity) as the glabellar and classic paramedian forehead flap. Its use resulted in a statistically significant reduction in transfer of hair to the nose in our series. 3.

Sorting signed permutations by short operations.

PubMed

Galvão, Gustavo Rodrigues; Lee, Orlando; Dias, Zanoni

2015-01-01

During evolution, global mutations may alter the order and the orientation of the genes in a genome. Such mutations are referred to as rearrangement events, or simply operations. In unichromosomal genomes, the most common operations are reversals, which are responsible for reversing the order and orientation of a sequence of genes, and transpositions, which are responsible for switching the location of two contiguous portions of a genome. The problem of computing the minimum sequence of operations that transforms one genome into another - which is equivalent to the problem of sorting a permutation into the identity permutation - is a well-studied problem that finds application in comparative genomics. There are a number of works concerning this problem in the literature, but they generally do not take into account the length of the operations (i.e. the number of genes affected by the operations). Since it has been observed that short operations are prevalent in the evolution of some species, algorithms that efficiently solve this problem in the special case of short operations are of interest. In this paper, we investigate the problem of sorting a signed permutation by short operations. More precisely, we study four flavors of this problem: (i) the problem of sorting a signed permutation by reversals of length at most 2; (ii) the problem of sorting a signed permutation by reversals of length at most 3; (iii) the problem of sorting a signed permutation by reversals and transpositions of length at most 2; and (iv) the problem of sorting a signed permutation by reversals and transpositions of length at most 3. We present polynomial-time solutions for problems (i) and (iii), a 5-approximation for problem (ii), and a 3-approximation for problem (iv). Moreover, we show that the expected approximation ratio of the 5-approximation algorithm is not greater than 3 for random signed permutations with more than 12 elements. Finally, we present experimental results that show that the approximation ratios of the approximation algorithms cannot be smaller than 3. In particular, this means that the approximation ratio of the 3-approximation algorithm is tight.

Tn5401, a new class II transposable element from Bacillus thuringiensis.

PubMed Central

Baum, J A

1994-01-01

A new class II (Tn3-like) transposable element, designated Tn5401, was recovered from a sporulation-deficient variant of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni EG2158 following its insertion into a recombinant plasmid. Sequence analysis of the insert revealed a 4,837-bp transposon with two large open reading frames, in the same orientation, encoding proteins of 36 kDa (306 residues) and 116 kDa (1,005 residues) and 53-bp terminal inverted repeats. The deduced amino acid sequence for the 36-kDa protein shows 24% sequence identity with the TnpI recombinase of the B. thuringiensis transposon Tn4430, a member of the phage integrase family of site-specific recombinases. The deduced amino acid sequence for the 116-kDa protein shows 42% sequence identity with the transposase of Tn3 but only 28% identity with the TnpA transposase of Tn4430. Two small open reading frames of unknown function, designated orf1 (85 residues) and orf2 (74 residues), were also identified. Southern blot analysis indicated that Tn5401, in contrast to Tn4430, is not commonly found among different subspecies of B. thuringiensis and is not typically associated with known insecticidal crystal protein genes. Transposition was studied with B. thuringiensis by using plasmid pEG922, a temperature-sensitive shuttle vector containing Tn5401. Tn5401 transposed to both chromosomal and plasmid target sites but displayed an apparent preference for plasmid sites. Transposition was replicative and resulted in the generation of a 5-bp duplication at the target site. Transcriptional start sites within Tn5401 were mapped by primer extension analysis. Two promoters, designated PL and PR, direct the transcription of orf1-orf2 and tnpI-tnpA, respectively, and are negatively regulated by TnpI. Sequence comparison of the promoter regions of Tn5401 and Tn4430 suggests that the conserved sequence element ATGTCCRCTAAY mediates TnpI binding and cointegrate resolution. The same element is contained within the 53-bp terminal inverted repeats, thus accounting for their unusual lengths and suggesting an additional role for TnpI in regulating Tn5401 transposition. Images PMID:7514590

Ty1-copia elements reveal diverse insertion sites linked to polymorphisms among flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions.

PubMed

Galindo-González, Leonardo; Mhiri, Corinne; Grandbastien, Marie-Angèle; Deyholos, Michael K

2016-12-07

Initial characterization of the flax genome showed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons are abundant, with several members being recently inserted, and in close association with genes. Recent insertions indicate a potential for ongoing transpositional activity that can create genomic diversity among accessions, cultivars or varieties. The polymorphisms generated constitute a good source of molecular markers that may be associated with phenotype if the insertions alter gene activity. Flax, where accessions are bred mainly for seed nutritional properties or for fibers, constitutes a good model for studying the relationship of transpositional activity with diversification and breeding. In this study, we estimated copy number and used a type of transposon display known as Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphisms (SSAPs), to characterize six families of Ty1-copia elements across 14 flax accessions. Polymorphic insertion sites were sequenced to find insertions that could potentially alter gene expression, and a preliminary test was performed with selected genes bearing transposable element (TE) insertions. Quantification of six families of Ty1-copia elements indicated different abundances among TE families and between flax accessions, which suggested diverse transpositional histories. SSAPs showed a high level of polymorphism in most of the evaluated retrotransposon families, with a trend towards higher levels of polymorphism in low-copy number families. Ty1-copia insertion polymorphisms among cultivars allowed a general distinction between oil and fiber types, and between spring and winter types, demonstrating their utility in diversity studies. Characterization of polymorphic insertions revealed an overwhelming association with genes, with insertions disrupting exons, introns or within 1 kb of coding regions. A preliminary test on the potential transcriptional disruption by TEs of four selected genes evaluated in three different tissues, showed one case of significant impact of the insertion on gene expression. We demonstrated that specific Ty1-copia families have been active since breeding commenced in flax. The retrotransposon-derived polymorphism can be used to separate flax types, and the close association of many insertions with genes defines a good source of potential mutations that could be associated with phenotypic changes, resulting in diversification processes.

Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): A systematic review of the literature

PubMed Central

Shuttlewood, Kimberley; Beazley, James; Smith, Christopher D

2017-01-01

AIM To review current literature on types of distal triceps injury and determine diagnosis and appropriate management. METHODS We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE using the terms distal triceps tears and snapping triceps on the 10th January 2017. We excluded all animal, review, foreign language and repeat papers. We reviewed all papers for relevance and of the papers left we were able to establish the types of distal triceps injury, how these injuries are diagnosed and investigated and the types of management of these injuries including surgical. The results are then presented in a review paper format. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-nine papers were identified of which 65 were relevant to distal triceps injuries. After exclusion we had 47 appropriate papers. The papers highlighted 2 main distal triceps injuries: Distal triceps tears and snapping triceps. Triceps tear are more common in males than females occurring in the 4th-5th decade of life and often due to a direct trauma but are also strongly associated with weightlifting and American football. The tears are diagnosed by history and clinically with a palpable gap. Diagnosis can be confirmed with the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on type of tear. Partial tears can be treated conservatively with bracing and physio whereas acute tears need repair either open or arthroscopic using suture anchor or bone tunnel techniques with similar success. Chronic tears often need augmenting with tendon allograft or autograft. Snapping triceps are also seen more in men than women but at a mean age of 32 years. They are characterized by a snapping sensation mostly medially and can be associated with ulna nerve subluxation and ulna nerve symptoms. US is the diagnostic modality of choice due to its dynamic nature and to differentiate between snapping triceps tendon or ulna nerve. Treatment is conservative initially with activity avoidance and if that fails surgical management includes resection of triceps edge or transposition of the tendon plus or minus ulna nerve transposition. CONCLUSION Distal triceps injuries are uncommon. This systematic review examines the evidence base behind diagnosis, imaging and treatment options of distal triceps injuries including tears and snapping triceps. PMID:28660143

Science in bullet points: How to compile scientific results to underpin guidelines for CO2 storage for the German transposition of the European CCS Directive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Streibel, Martin

2015-04-01

In 2012 the German Parliament passed the transposition of the EC Directive 2009/31/EC the "Carbon Dioxide Storage Law" (KSpG). The law focuses on the demonstration of the CO2 storage technology and mainly regulates the storage part of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chain. As the law has a conceptual character, appendix 1 provides a description of criteria for the characterisation and assessment of a potential CO2 storage site starting with field data ending with requirements for dynamic modelling of the storage complex. Appendix 2 describes the expected monitoring system during all relevant phases of a life cycle of a CO2 storage site. The criteria given in the appendices are of general nature, which reflects on one hand that the CO2 storage technology is still being developed and on the other hand that site specific aspects needs to be considered. In 2004 the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany launched the programme GEOTECHNOLOGIEN with one key aspect being the development of technologies for a sustainable storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations. Within this research field more than 30 projects in three phases have been funded until the end of 2014. In order to benefit from the gathered knowledge and use the experiences for the policy/law making process the umbrella project AUGE has been launched in October 2012 with a life time of three years. The aim of the project is to review and compile all results of projects funded during the three phases to underpin the appendices of the KSpG. In the first part of the paper the most important findings of the project with regard to the overall risk of a geological CO2 storage and the procedure of compiling the guidance document will be discussed. Milestones of this project were • the compilation of the results of national, European and international projects; • interviews with stakeholders; • a workshops to define state of the art for certain involved technologies and existing gaps; • a workshop to understand the limitations of existing simulation tools for large scale CO2 storage. In a second part of the paper it is discussed what kind of guidance documents are actually still required for regulation of large scale CO2 storage sites.

[Prophylaxis of CRPS I and recurrent CRPS I].

PubMed

Troeger, H

2011-02-01

In the foreground of the avoidance of a CRPS as well as a recurrent CRPS, also pathophysiological considerations and use-possibilities of different drugs stand beside the observance of generally valid principles for treatment. Its consistent transposition cannot certainly prevent the CRPS in each case admittedly, the installment of the appearance or recurrence of a CRPS clearly lowers however. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Transposon-containing DNA cloning vector and uses thereof

DOEpatents

Berg, C.M.; Berg, D.E.; Wang, G.

1997-07-08

The present invention discloses a rapid method of restriction mapping, sequencing or localizing genetic features in a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is up to 42 kb in size. The method in part comprises cloning of the DNA segment in a specialized cloning vector and then isolating nested deletions in either direction in vivo by intramolecular transposition into the cloned DNA. A plasmid has been prepared and disclosed. 4 figs.

Transposon-containing DNA cloning vector and uses thereof

DOEpatents

Berg, Claire M.; Berg, Douglas E.; Wang, Gan

1997-01-01

The present invention discloses a rapid method of restriction mapping, sequencing or localizing genetic features in a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is up to 42 kb in size. The method in part comprises cloning of the DNA segment in a specialized cloning vector and then isolating nested deletions in either direction in vivo by intramolecular transposition into the cloned DNA. A plasmid has been prepared and disclosed.