Long Term Sugarcane Crop Residue Retention Offers Limited Potential to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Australian Wet Tropical Environments

PubMed Central

Meier, Elizabeth A.; Thorburn, Peter J.

2016-01-01

The warming of world climate systems is driving interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the agricultural sector, practices that mitigate GHG emissions include those that (1) reduce emissions [e.g., those that reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by avoiding excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application], and (2) increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (e.g., by retaining instead of burning crop residues). Sugarcane is a globally important crop that can have substantial inputs of N fertilizer and which produces large amounts of crop residues (‘trash’). Management of N fertilizer and trash affects soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, and hence GHG emissions. Trash has historically been burned at harvest, but increasingly is being retained on the soil surface as a ‘trash blanket’ in many countries. The potential for trash retention to alter N fertilizer requirements and sequester SOC was investigated in this study. The APSIM model was calibrated with data from field and laboratory studies of trash decomposition in the wet tropics of northern Australia. APSIM was then validated against four independent data sets, before simulating location × soil × fertilizer × trash management scenarios. Soil carbon increased in trash blanketed soils relative to SOC in soils with burnt trash. However, further increases in SOC for the study region may be limited because the SOC in trash blanketed soils could be approaching equilibrium; future GHG mitigation efforts in this region should therefore focus on N fertilizer management. Simulated N fertilizer rates were able to be reduced from conventional rates regardless of trash management, because of low yield potential in the wet tropics. For crops subjected to continuous trash blanketing, there was substantial immobilization of N in decomposing trash so conventional N fertilizer rates were required for up to 24 years after trash blanketing commenced. After this period, there was potential to reduce N fertilizer rates for crops when trash was retained (≤20 kg N ha–1 per plant or ratoon crop) while maintaining ≥95% of maximum yields. While these savings in N fertilizer use were modest at the field scale, they were potentially important when aggregated at the regional level. PMID:27462340

First year in operating a mechanical detrasher system at a sugarcane factory in Louisiana

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Over the past 2 years, a new prototype mechanical detrasher system was built at a Louisiana sugarcane factory by American Biocarbon LLC. It was built to remove sugarcane trash (top stalks and leaves) before processing, and for the manufacture and sale of value-added-products from the removed trash,...

Advanced Exploration Systems Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Trash-to-Gas and Heat Melt Compactor KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne J.; Layne, Andrew; Hummerick, Mary

2013-01-01

Topics covered: 1. Project Structure 2. "Trash to Gas" 3. "Smashing Trash! The Heat Melt Compactor" 4. "Heat Melt Compaction as an Effective Treatment for Eliminating Microorganisms from Solid Waste" Thermal degradation of trash reduces volume while creating water, carbon dioxide and ash. CO2 can be fed to Sabatier reactor for CH4 production to fuel LOX/LCH4 ascent vehicle. Optimal performance: HFWS, full temperature ramp to 500-600 C. Tar challenges exist. Catalysis: Dolomag did eliminate allene byproducts from the product stream. 2nd Gen Reactor Studies. Targeting power, mass, time efficiency. Gas separation, Catalysis to reduce tar formation. Microgravity effects. Downselect in August will determine where we should spend time optimizing the technology.

Preliminary studies of cotton non-lint content identification by near-infrared spectroscopy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The high demand for cotton production worldwide has presented a need for its standardized classification. There currently exists trained classers and instrumentation to distinguish key cotton quality parameters, such as some trash types and content. However, it is of interest to develop a universal...

Fourier transform infrared macro-imaging of botanical cotton trash

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The marketability of cotton fiber is directly tied to the trash comingled with it. Trash can contaminate cotton during harvesting, ginning, and processing. Thus, the removal of trash is important from field to fabric. An ideal prerequisite to removing trash from lint is identifying what trash types...

Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG) Project Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hintze, Paul; Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo; Kulis, Michael J.; Lytle, John K.; Fisher, John W.; Vaccaro, Helen; Ewert, Michael K.; Broyan, James L.

2012-01-01

Technologies that reduce logistical needs are a key to long term space missions. Currently, trash and waste generated during a mission is carried during the entire roundtrip mission or stored inside a logistic module which is de-orbited into Earth's atmosphere for destruction. The goal of the Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG) project is to develop space technology alternatives for converting trash and other waste materials from human spaceflight into high-value products that might include propellants or power system fuels in addition to life support oxygen and water. In addition to producing a useful product from waste, TtSG will decrease the volume needed to store waste on long term space missions. This paper presents an overview of the TtSG technologies and future plans for the project.

Evaluation of 3 cotton trash measurement methods by visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Currently, three types of instrumentals have been developed to assess the trash content in lint cotton fibers, namely, Shirley analyzer (SA), advanced fiber information system (AFIS), and high volume instrumentation (HVI). Each of these devices has its unique advantages, and comprehensive comparison...

Remotely Measuring Trash Fluxes in the Flood Canals of Megacities with Time Lapse Cameras and Computer Vision Algorithms - a Case Study from Jakarta, Indonesia.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sedlar, F.; Turpin, E.; Kerkez, B.

2014-12-01

As megacities around the world continue to develop at breakneck speeds, future development, investment, and social wellbeing are threatened by a number of environmental and social factors. Chief among these is frequent, persistent, and unpredictable urban flooding. Jakarta, Indonesia with a population of 28 million, is a prime example of a city plagued by such flooding. Yet although Jakarta has ample hydraulic infrastructure already in place with more being constructed, the increasingly severity of the flooding it experiences is not from a lack of hydraulic infrastructure but rather a failure of existing infrastructure. As was demonstrated during the most recent floods in Jakarta, the infrastructure failure is often the result of excessive amounts of trash in the flood canals. This trash clogs pumps and reduces the overall system capacity. Despite this critical weakness of flood control in Jakarta, no data exists on the overall amount of trash in the flood canals, much less on how it varies temporally and spatially. The recent availability of low cost photography provides a means to obtain such data. Time lapse photography postprocessed with computer vision algorithms yields a low cost, remote, and automatic solution to measuring the trash fluxes. When combined with the measurement of key hydrological parameters, a thorough understanding of the relationship between trash fluxes and the hydrology of massive urban areas becomes possible. This work examines algorithm development, quantifying trash parameters, and hydrological measurements followed by data assimilation into existing hydraulic and hydrological models of Jakarta. The insights afforded from such an approach allows for more efficient operating of hydraulic infrastructure, knowledge of when and where critical levels of trash originate from, and the opportunity for community outreach - which is ultimately needed to reduce the trash in the flood canals of Jakarta and megacities around the world.

Experimental and numerical studies on the treatment of wet astronaut trash by forced-convection drying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arquiza, J. M. R. Apollo; Morrow, Robert; Remiker, Ross; Hunter, Jean B.

2017-09-01

During long-term space missions, astronauts generate wet trash, including food containers with uneaten portions, moist hygiene wipes and wet paper towels. This waste produces two problems: the loss of water and the generation of odors and health hazards by microbial growth. These problems are solved by a closed-loop, forced-convection, heat-pump drying system which stops microbial activity by both pasteurization and desiccation, and recovers water in a gravity-independent porous media condensing heat exchanger. A transient, pseudo-homogeneous continuum model for the drying of wet ersatz trash was formulated for this system. The model is based on the conservation equations for energy and moisture applied to the air and solid phases and includes the unique trash characteristic of having both dry and wet solids. Experimentally determined heat and mass transfer coefficients, together with the moisture sorption equilibrium relationship for the wet material are used in the model. The resulting system of differential equations is solved by the finite-volume method as implemented by the commercial software COMSOL. Model simulations agreed well with experimental data under certain conditions. The validated model will be used in the optimization of the entire closed-loop system consisting of fan, air heater, dryer vessel, heat-pump condenser, and heat-recovery modules.

9. VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, TRASH RAKE GATELIFTING MECHANISM, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, TRASH RAKE GATE-LIFTING MECHANISM, AND SHED ROOF (REMOVED AUTUMN OF 1996), WITH TRASH LOG LIFTING MECHANISM IN FOREGROUND, LOOKING WEST. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

Relationship between three cotton trash measurements: High Volume Instrumentation (HVI), Shirley Analyzer (SA), and Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Presence of non-lint materials (trashes) in commercial cotton bales at various amounts degrades the market values and further influences the end-use qualities. In order to ensure a fair trading, the USDA’s AMS has introduced the high volume instrument (HVI) measurement as a universal standard index....

How Much Trash Do You Trash?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nargund-Joshi, Vanashri; Lee, Jean S.

2013-01-01

A classroom discussion started after a student noticed three days of accumulated trash in the wastebasket and exclaimed, "Wow, look at the trash! If it keeps piling up like this, it will soon be everywhere!" His statement motivated the authors' class to research about the trash, or solid waste, we create and what can we do about it.…

Environmental Assessment of the City of El Cerrito, CA: Creek, Trash and Air Quality Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, A.; Ilan, A.

2015-12-01

The City of El Cerrito, CA is located within Western Contra Costa County and adjacent to the San Francisco Bay. Local land-uses that affect its overall public and environmental health include major freeways, railways, and commercial and industrial zones. In an effort to assess the overall health of the local environment, students at Korematsu Middle School conducted a comprehensive analysis that included street litter auditing, water monitoring of Cerritos Creek and air quality measurements made along local streets. In 2014 the City of El Cerrito adopted a long-term trash plan that included strategies for reducing trash loads of local stormwater sewer systems. This plan called for load reduction of 70% by July 1, 2017 and 100% by July 1, 2022. To evaluate the effectiveness of the trash plan, our team quantified and scored trash concentration levels at two locations—one in a residential neighborhood and the other in a commercial zone. We also monitored water quality at nearby Cerritos Creek to investigate the impacts that each area's trash concentrations had on water quality. We also monitored particulate matter (PM) concentration levels in air within these locations to determine whether or not differences exist between residential and commercial areas. Preliminary analysis of litter data suggests that the Long Term Trash Plan has thus far been effective in reducing concentrations of street litter along San Pablo Avenue, which is located within a major commercial zone, but has been inadequate in reducing trash in nearby parks. Water quality results indicate that Cerritos Creek contains waters that are quite healthy with respect to Ammonia and Nitrate concentration levels (i.e., very low values for every sample collected). However, elevated concentration levels of Phosphates were detected in every sample collected. Air quality data surprisingly revealed that extremely high PM concentration levels occur in air surrounding a residential park in El Cerrito.

Skylab 4 crewmen passing trash bags in to the OWS waste disposal tank

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Two Skylab 4 crewmen are seen passing trash bags through the trash airlock of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) of the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. The trash airlock leads to the OWS waste disposal tank. Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, holds onto the OWS crew quarters ceiling as he prepares to jump onto the OWS airlock hatch cover to force another trash bag further down into the airlock. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander, is assisting. Carr is holding onto the trash bags. A third trash bag is floating in the zero-gravity environment near Pogue's right leg. The wardroom can be seen behind Pogue.

The Clean Water Act and Trash-Free Waters

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

What can we do about trash that has already made it to our streets and waterways? Learn about Clean Water Act tools, trash TMDLs and stormwater permits, as well as information about trash capture and removal technologies.

Alternative Fuels Data Center: DeKalb County Turns Trash to Gas

Science.gov Websites

DeKalb County Turns Trash to Gas to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: DeKalb County Turns Trash to Gas on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: DeKalb County Turns Trash to Gas on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: DeKalb County Turns Trash to Gas on

4. AERATOR AT 525', CONSTRUCTED 19371938, VIEW FROM UPSTREAM (TRASH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. AERATOR AT 525', CONSTRUCTED 1937-1938, VIEW FROM UPSTREAM (TRASH SCREEN REMOVED FOR CLARITY), WATER FROM INTAKE FLOWS THROUGH FLUME, THEN DAMS, AND SPILLS OVER STEPS TO MIX WITH OXYGEN, THUS REDUCING ACIDITY LEVELS. ACID INDUCES FASTER CORROSION OF PIPES AND SPOILS TASTE. - Kalaupapa Water Supply System, Waikolu Valley to Kalaupapa Settlement, Island of Molokai, Kalaupapa, Kalawao County, HI

Trash-polluted irrigation: characteristics and impact on agriculture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sulaeman, D.; Arif, SS; Sudarmadji

2018-04-01

Trash pollution has been a problem in sustainable water resources management. Trash pollutes not only rivers, lakes and seas, but also irrigation canals and rice fields. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of solid waste (type, time of occurrence and sources of trash) and its impact on agriculture. The study was conducted in four irrigation areas, namely Gamping, Merdiko, Nglaren and Karangploso in Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region. We applied the Irrigation Rapid Trash Assessment (IRTA) as our field survey instrument. The results showed that trash was found throughout irrigation canals and rice fields, and the occurrence was influenced by water flow, time and farmer activities. The irrigation was dominantly polluted by plastic trash (52.2%), biodegradable waste (17.91%) and miscellaneous trash (12.3%). The IRTA score showed that Gamping Irrigation Area was at marginal condition, bearing a high risk of disturbing the operation and maintenance of the irrigation canals as well as farmers’ health. Trash in irrigation also generated technical impact of the irrigation operation and maintenance, environmental quality, and social life. This research also offered environmental policy integration approach and water-garbage governance approach as an alternative solution to manage water resources and agriculture in a sustainable manner, under the pressure of increasing amount of trash.

Trash Diverter Orientation Angle Optimization at Run-Off River Type Hydro-power Plant using CFD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munisamy, Kannan M.; Kamal, Ahmad; Shuaib, Norshah Hafeez; Yusoff, Mohd. Zamri; Hasini, Hasril; Rashid, Azri Zainol; Thangaraju, Savithry K.; Hamid, Hazha

2010-06-01

Tenom Pangi Hydro Power Station in Tenom, Sabah is suffering from poor river quality with a lot of suspended trashes. This problem necessitates the need for a trash diverter to divert the trash away from the intake region. Previously, a trash diverter (called Trash Diverter I) was installed at the site but managed to survived for a short period of time due to an impact with huge log as a results of a heavy flood. In the current project, a second trash diverter structure is designed (called Trash Diverter II) with improved features compared to Trash Diverter I. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is done to evaluate the river flow interaction onto the trash diverter from the fluid flow point of view, Computational Fluids Dynamics is a numerical approach to solve fluid flow profile for different inlet conditions. In this work, the river geometry is modeled using commercial CFD code, FLUENT®. The computational model consists of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with other related models using the properties of the fluids under investigation. The model is validated with site-measurements done at Tenom Pangi Hydro Power Station. Different operating condition of river flow rate and weir opening is also considered. The optimum angle is determined in this simulation to further use the data for 3D simulation and structural analysis.

Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Beyond Low Earth Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Broyan, James L., Jr.

2012-01-01

All human space missions, regardless of destination, require significant logistical mass and volume that is strongly proportional to mission duration. Anything that can be done to reduce initial mass and volume of supplies or reuse items that have been launched will be very valuable. Often, the logistical items require disposal and represent a trash burden. Logistics contributions to total mission architecture mass can be minimized by considering potential reuse using systems engineering analysis. In NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems "Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Project," various tasks will reduce the intrinsic mass of logistical packaging, enable reuse and repurposing of logistical packaging and carriers for other habitation, life support, crew health, and propulsion functions, and reduce or eliminate the nuisance aspects of trash at the same time. Repurposing reduces the trash burden and eliminates the need for hardware whose function can be provided by use of spent logistical items. However, these reuse functions need to be identified and built into future logical systems to enable them to effectively have a secondary function. These technologies and innovations will help future logistics systems to support multiple exploration missions much more efficiently.

Mower/Litter Removal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The Burg Corporation needed to get more power out of the suction system in their Vac 'N Bag grass mower/litter remover. The president submitted a problem statement to the Marshall Space Flight Center Technology Transfer Office, which devised a way to guide heavier items of trash to a point where suction was greatest, and made changes to the impeller and the exhaust port, based on rocket propulsion technology. The improved system is used by highway departments, city governments and park authorities, reducing work time by combining the tasks of grass cutting and vacuuming trash and grass clippings.

Comparing Trash Disposal and Reuse Options for Deep Space Gateway and Mars Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael; Broyan, James; Goodliff, Kandyce; Clowdsley, Martha; Singleterry, Robert

2017-01-01

Taking out the trash at NASA's newly proposed Deep Space Gateway (DSG) will not be a trivial task. While not the most important aspect of planning this cislunar outpost, there are several options that should be carefully considered since they may affect the crew as well as mission mass and volume. This study extends an earlier one, which focused on waste disposal options for a Mars Transit Vehicle. In that study, gasifying and venting trash along the way was found to noticeably reduce propellant needs and launch mass, whereas keeping processed trash on board in the form of radiation shielding tiles would significantly lower the crew's radiation dose during a solar particle event. Another favorable strategy was packing trash in a used logistics module for disposal. Since the DSG does not need much propulsion to maintain its orbit and Orion will be present with its own radiation storm shelter at the Gateway, the driving factors of the waste disposal trade study are different than for the Mars mission. Besides reviewing the propulsion and radiation shielding factors, potential drivers such as mass, power, volume, crew time, and human factors (e.g. smell) were studied. Disposal options for DSG include jettison of a used logistics module containing waste after every human stay, jettison of the same logistics module after several missions once it is full, regular disposal of trash via an airlock, or gasifying waste products for easier disposal or reuse. Conversely, a heat melt compactor device could be used to remove water and stabilize trash into tiles which could be more compactly stored on board and used as radiation shielding. Equivalent system mass analysis is used to tally the benefits and costs (mass, volume, power, crew time) of each case on an equivalent mass basis. Other more subjective factors are also discussed. Recommendations are made for DSG and Mars mission waste disposal.

Trash track--active location sensing for evaluating e-waste transportation.

PubMed

Offenhuber, Dietmar; Wolf, Malima I; Ratti, Carlo

2013-02-01

Waste and recycling systems are complex and far-reaching, but its mechanisms are poorly understood by the public, in some cases government organizations and even the waste management sector itself. The lack of empirical data makes it challenging to assess the environmental impact of trash collection, removal and disposal. This is especially the case for the global movement of electronic wastes. Senseable City Lab's Trash Track project tackles this scarcity of data by following the trajectories of individual objects. The project presents a methodology involving active location sensors that were placed on end-of-life products donated by volunteers in the Seattle, Washington area. These tags sent location messages chronicling their journey, some over the course of a month or more. In this paper, the authors focus on the analysis of traces acquired from 146 items of electronic waste, estimating evaluating the environmental impact, including the travel distances and end-of-life treatments for the products. Combining this information with impact evaluation from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Waste Reduction Model (WARM) allows for the creation of environmental impact profiles for individual pieces of trash.

Control Strategies for Zebra Mussel Infestations at Public Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

detailed examina- tion of hard -to-reach surfaces or specific components (such as fire protection systems or intake pipes for sensor devices) should...trash racks. Trash racks could become partially clogged with zebra mussels, shells , and other debris. Flow through the openings would be reduced, and... shells to the top of the lock wall. These are now used by Ontario Hydro for removing zebra mussels. At most facilities, the culvert is totally dewatered

Non-contact image processing for gin trash sensors in stripper harvested cotton with burr and fine trash correction

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study was initiated to provide the basis for obtaining online information as to the levels of the various types of gin trash. The objective is to provide the ginner with knowledge of the quantity of the various trash components in the raw uncleaned seed cotton. This information is currently not...

Trash Talking and Good Times on the Softball Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aicinena, Steven

2008-01-01

Trash talking can be found in virtually all American sport environments. It is viewed by many as a tool to achieve athletic success. Trash talking can be a harmless form of verbal jousting. However, there comes a point at which trash talking serves as motivation for violence inside of the sport setting and outside of it as well. In this paper, the…

Visual analysis of trash bin processing on garbage trucks in low resolution video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidla, Oliver; Loibner, Gernot

2015-03-01

We present a system for trash can detection and counting from a camera which is mounted on a garbage collection truck. A working prototype has been successfully implemented and tested with several hours of real-world video. The detection pipeline consists of HOG detectors for two trash can sizes, and meanshift tracking and low level image processing for the analysis of the garbage disposal process. Considering the harsh environment and unfavorable imaging conditions, the process works already good enough so that very useful measurements from video data can be extracted. The false positive/false negative rate of the full processing pipeline is about 5-6% at fully automatic operation. Video data of a full day (about 8 hrs) can be processed in about 30 minutes on a standard PC.

Heat Melt Compaction as an Effective Treatment for Eliminating Microorganisms from Solid Waste

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hummerick, Mary P.; Strayer, Richard F.; McCoy, Lashelle E.; Richards, Jeffrey T.; Ruby, Anna Maria; Wheeler, Ray; Fisher, John

2013-01-01

One of the technologies being tested at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) for the Advance Exploration Systems program and as part of the logistics and repurposing project is heat melt compaction (HMC) of solid waste. Reduces volume, removes water and renders a biologically stable and safe product. The HMC compacts and reduces the trash volume as much as 90o/o greater than the current manual compaction used by the crew.The project has three primary goals or tasks. 1. Microbiological analysis of HMC hardware surfaces before and after operation. 2. Microbiological and physical characterizations of heat melt tiles made from trash at different processing times and temperatures. 3. Long term storage and stability of HMC trash tiles or "Do the bugs grow back?"

Aquatic Trash Prevention National Great Practices Compendium

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The National Great Practice Compendium highlights outstanding activities, technologies, and programs that prevent trash from entering the aquatic environment and/or that reduce the overall volume of trash that is generated.

25 CFR 171.420 - Can I dispose of sewage, trash, or other refuse on a BIA irrigation project?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can I dispose of sewage, trash, or other refuse on a BIA... AND WATER IRRIGATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Irrigation Facilities § 171.420 Can I dispose of sewage, trash, or other refuse on a BIA irrigation project? No. Sewage, trash, or other refuse are considered...

Chemical characterization and toxicity of particulate matter emissions from roadside trash combustion in urban India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vreeland, Heidi; Schauer, James J.; Russell, Armistead G.; Marshall, Julian D.; Fushimi, Akihiro; Jain, Grishma; Sethuraman, Karthik; Verma, Vishal; Tripathi, Sachi N.; Bergin, Michael H.

2016-12-01

Roadside trash burning is largely unexamined as a factor that influences air quality, radiative forcing, and human health even though it is ubiquitously practiced across many global regions, including throughout India. The objective of this research is to examine characteristics and redox activity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with roadside trash burning in Bangalore, India. Emissions from smoldering and flaming roadside trash piles (n = 24) were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), brown carbon (BrC), and toxicity (i.e. redox activity, measured via the dithiothreitol "DTT" assay). A subset of samples (n = 8) were further assessed for toxicity by a cellular assay (macrophage assay) and also analyzed for trace organic compounds. Results show high variability of chemical composition and toxicity between trash-burning emissions, and characteristic differences from ambient samples. OC/EC ratios for trash-burning emissions range from 0.8 to 1500, while ambient OC/EC ratios were observed at 5.4 ± 1.8. Trace organic compound analyses indicate that emissions from trash-burning piles were frequently composed of aromatic di-acids (likely from burning plastics) and levoglucosan (an indicator of biomass burning), while the ambient sample showed high response from alkanes indicating notable representation from vehicular exhaust. Volume-normalized DTT results (i.e., redox activity normalized by the volume of air pulled through the filter during sampling) were, unsurprisingly, extremely elevated in all trash-burning samples. Interestingly, DTT results suggest that on a per-mass basis, fresh trash-burning emissions are an order of magnitude less redox-active than ambient air (13.4 ± 14.8 pmol/min/μgOC for trash burning; 107 ± 25 pmol/min/μgOC for ambient). However, overall results indicate that near trash-burning sources, exposure to redox-active PM can be extremely high.

Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Beyond Low Earth Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James Lee, Jr.; Ewert, Michael K.

2011-01-01

All human space missions, regardless of destination, require significant logistical mass and volume that is strongly proportional to mission duration. Anything that can be done to reduce initial mass and volume of supplies or reuse items that have been launched will be very valuable. Often, the logistical items require disposal and represent a trash burden. Utilizing systems engineering to analyze logistics from cradle-to-grave and then to potential reuse, can minimize logistics contributions to total mission architecture mass. In NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems Logistics Reduction and Repurposing Project , various tasks will reduce the intrinsic mass of logistical packaging, enable reuse and repurposing of logistical packaging and carriers for other habitation, life support, crew health, and propulsion functions, and reduce or eliminate the nuisances aspects of trash at the same time. Repurposing reduces the trash burden and eliminates the need for hardware whose function can be provided by use of spent logistic items. However, these reuse functions need to be identified and built into future logical systems to enable them to effectively have a secondary function. These technologies and innovations will help future logistic systems to support multiple exploration missions much more efficiently.

From Trash to Treasure: Recycling Scrap Metal into Steel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cantu, Diana

2011-01-01

Trash is having a global impact not only on land, but at sea--making its way into the ocean and creating large islands of floating debris. One such island is The Great Pacific Trash Patch, which is located in the North Pacific and is made up of floating trash and debris that is spread out in an area as much as one and a half times the size of the…

Mission Benefits Analysis of Logistics Reduction Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Broyan, James Lee, Jr.

2013-01-01

Future space exploration missions will need to use less logistical supplies if humans are to live for longer periods away from our home planet. Anything that can be done to reduce initial mass and volume of supplies or reuse or recycle items that have been launched will be very valuable. Reuse and recycling also reduce the trash burden and associated nuisances, such as smell, but require good systems engineering and operations integration to reap the greatest benefits. A systems analysis was conducted to quantify the mass and volume savings of four different technologies currently under development by NASA s Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Logistics Reduction and Repurposing project. Advanced clothing systems lead to savings by direct mass reduction and increased wear duration. Reuse of logistical items, such as packaging, for a second purpose allows fewer items to be launched. A device known as a heat melt compactor drastically reduces the volume of trash, recovers water and produces a stable tile that can be used instead of launching additional radiation protection. The fourth technology, called trash-to-gas, can benefit a mission by supplying fuel such as methane to the propulsion system. This systems engineering work will help improve logistics planning and overall mission architectures by determining the most effective use, and reuse, of all resources.

Mission Benefits Analysis of Logistics Reduction Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Broyan, James L.

2012-01-01

Future space exploration missions will need to use less logistical supplies if humans are to live for longer periods away from our home planet. Anything that can be done to reduce initial mass and volume of supplies or reuse or recycle items that have been launched will be very valuable. Reuse and recycling also reduce the trash burden and associated nuisances, such as smell, but require good systems engineering and operations integration to reap the greatest benefits. A systems analysis was conducted to quantify the mass and volume savings of four different technologies currently under development by NASA fs Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Logistics Reduction and Repurposing project. Advanced clothing systems lead to savings by direct mass reduction and increased wear duration. Reuse of logistical items, such as packaging, for a second purpose allows fewer items to be launched. A device known as a heat melt compactor drastically reduces the volume of trash, recovers water and produces a stable tile that can be used instead of launching additional radiation protection. The fourth technology, called trash ]to ]supply ]gas, can benefit a mission by supplying fuel such as methane to the propulsion system. This systems engineering work will help improve logistics planning and overall mission architectures by determining the most effective use, and reuse, of all resources.

Raoultella planticola bacteremia-induced fatal septic shock following burn injury.

PubMed

Yumoto, Tetsuya; Naito, Hiromichi; Ihoriya, Hiromi; Tsukahara, Kohei; Ota, Tomoyuki; Watanabe, Toshiyuki; Nakao, Atsunori

2018-05-04

Raoultella planticola, a Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus commonly isolated from soil and water, rarely causes invasive infections in humans. Septic shock from R. planticola after burn injury has not been previously reported. A 79-year-old male was admitted to the emergency intensive care unit after extensive flame burn injury. He accidently caught fire while burning trash and plunged into a nearby tank filled with contaminated rainwater to extinguish the fire. The patient developed septic shock on day 10. The blood culture detected R. planticola, which was identified using the VITEK-2 biochemical identification system. Although appropriate antibiotic treatment was continued, the patient died on day 12. Clinicians should be aware of fatal infections in patients with burn injury complicated by exposure to contaminated water.

Steps Taken to Reduce Trash in Anacostia

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The District of Columbia and two Maryland counties are taking action to keep trash out of the Anacostia River as they work to meet first-ever trash limits for an interstate river and EPA permit requirements.

Analysis of Water Recovery Rate from the Heat Melt Compactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balasubramaniam, R.; Hegde, U.; Gokoglu, S.

2013-01-01

Human space missions generate trash with a substantial amount of plastic (20% or greater by mass). The trash also contains water trapped in food residue and paper products and other trash items. The Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) under development by NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) compresses the waste, dries it to recover water and melts the plastic to encapsulate the compressed trash. The resulting waste disk or puck represents an approximately ten-fold reduction in the volume of the initial trash loaded into the HMC. In the current design concept being pursued, the trash is compressed by a piston after it is loaded into the trash chamber. The piston face, the side walls of the waste processing chamber and the end surface in contact with the waste can be heated to evaporate the water and to melt the plastic. Water is recovered by the HMC in two phases. The first is a pre-process compaction without heat or with the heaters initially turned on but before the waste heats up. Tests have shown that during this step some liquid water may be expelled from the chamber. This water is believed to be free water (i.e., not bound with or absorbed in other waste constituents) that is present in the trash. This phase is herein termed Phase A of the water recovery process. During HMC operations, it is desired that liquid water recovery in Phase A be eliminated or minimized so that water-vapor processing equipment (e.g., condensers) downstream of the HMC are not fouled by liquid water and its constituents (i.e., suspended or dissolved matter) exiting the HMC. The primary water recovery process takes place next where the trash is further compacted while the heated surfaces reach their set temperatures for this step. This step will be referred to herein as Phase B of the water recovery process. During this step the waste chamber may be exposed to different selected pressures such as ambient, low pressure (e.g., 0.2 atm), or vacuum. The objective for this step is to remove both bound and any remaining free water in the trash by evaporation. The temperature settings of the heated surfaces are usually kept above the saturation temperature of water but below the melting temperature of the plastic in the waste during this step to avoid any encapsulation of wet trash which would reduce the amount of recovered water by blocking the vapor escape. In this paper, we analyze the water recovery rate during Phase B where the trash is heated and water leaves the waste chamber as vapor, for operation of the HMC in reduced gravity. We pursue a quasi-one-dimensional model with and without sidewall heating to determine the water recovery rate and the trash drying time. The influences of the trash thermal properties, the amount of water loading, and the distribution of the water in the trash on the water recovery rates are determined.

Investigation of Bio-Regenerative Life Support and Trash-To-Gas Experiment on a 4 Month Mars Simulation Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne; Poulet, Lucie; Hintze, Paul E.; Miles, John D.

2014-01-01

Future crewed missions to other planets or deep space locations will require regenerative Life Support Systems (LSS) as well as recycling processes for mission waste. Constant resupply of many commodity materials will not be a sustainable option for deep space missions, nor will storing trash on board a vehicle or at a lunar or Martian outpost. The habitable volume will decline as the volume of waste increases. A complete regenerative environmentally controlled life support system (ECLSS) on an extra-terrestrial outpost will likely include physico-chemical and biological technologies, such as bioreactors and greenhouse modules. Physico-chemical LSS do not enable food production and bio-regenerative LSS are not stable enough to be used alone in space. Mission waste that cannot be recycled into the bio-regenerative ECLSS can include excess food, food packaging, clothing, tape, urine and fecal waste. This waste will be sent to a system for converting the trash into the high value products. Two crew members on a 120 day Mars analog simulation, in collaboration with Kennedy Space Centers (KSC) Trash to Gas (TtG) project investigated a semi-closed loop system that treated non-edible biomass and other logistical waste for volume reduction and conversion into useful commodities. The purposes of this study are to show the how plant growth affects the amount of resources required by the habitat and how spent plant material can be recycled. Real-time data was sent to the reactor at KSC in Florida for replicating the analog mission waste for laboratory operation. This paper discusses the 120 day mission plant growth activity, logistical and plant waste management, power and water consumption effects of the plant and logistical waste, and potential energy conversion techniques using KSCs TtG reactor technology.

Investigation of Bio-Regenerative Life Support and Trash-to-Gas Experiment on a 4-Month Mars Simulation Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne; Poulet, Lucie; Hintze, Paul E.; Miles, John D.

2014-01-01

Future crewed missions to other planets or deep space locations will require regenerative Life Support Systems (LSS) as well as recycling processes for mission waste. Constant resupply of many commodity materials will not be a sustainable option for deep space missions, nor will stowing trash on board a vehicle or at a lunar or Martian outpost. The habitable volume will decline as the volume of waste increases. A complete regenerative environmentally controlled life support system (ECLSS) on an extra-terrestrial outpost will likely include physico-chemical and biological technologies, such as bioreactors and greenhouse modules. Physico-chemical LSS do not enable food production and bio-regenerative LSS are not stable enough to be used alone in space. Mission waste that cannot be recycled into the bio-regenerative ECLSS can include excess food, food packaging, clothing, tape, urine and fecal waste. This waste will be sent to a system for converting the trash into high value products. Two crew members on a 120 day Mars analog simulation, in collaboration with Kennedy Space Centers (KSC) Trash to Gas (TtG) project investigated a semi-closed loop system that treated non-edible biomass and other logistical waste for volume reduction and conversion into useful commodities. The purpose of this study is to show how plant growth affects the amount of resources required by the habitat and how spent plant material can be recycled. Real-time data was sent to the reactor at KSC in Florida for replicating the analog mission waste for laboratory operation. This paper discusses the 120 day mission plant growth activity, logistical and plant waste management, power and water consumption effects of the plant and logistical waste, and potential energy conversion techniques using KSCs TtG technology.

STS-35 MS Hoffman's height is recorded by MS Lounge on OV-102's middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

STS-35 Mission Specialist (MS) Jeffrey A. Hoffman stretches out on the middeck floor while MS John M. Lounge records his height. The two crewmembers are in front of the forward lockers aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. Hoffman steadies himself using the stowed treadmill and the lockers. Above Hoffman's head is a plastic bag filled with Development Test Objective (DTO) 634, Trash Compaction and Retention System Demonstration, trash compactor charcoal filtered bag lids.

Trust It or Trash It?

MedlinePlus

Trust It or Trash It? About | Contact | Español Tab 1 Tab 2 What is Trust It or Trash It? This is a tool ... be true, it may be. (See the second “Trust it” statement above). Click on each element below ...

Genitalic autogrooming: a self-filling trash collection system in crickets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumashiro, M.; Tsuji, Y.; Sakai, M.

2006-02-01

Insects groom almost all parts of the body surface with their legs and mouth parts. However, some body regions are difficult to reach and keep clean. One is the genital chamber located in the last abdominal segment in males which houses the phallic complex for copulation and production of the spermatophore. In the male cricket, foreign substances can enter the genital chamber when it is opened during copulation and spermatophore formation. Moreover, the dorsal pouch and ventral lobes of the phallic complex, which mould the attachment plate, tube, and ampulla of the spermatophore, are inevitably soiled as a result of spermatophore production. We found a unique cleaning system in which foreign substances accumulated during copulation and spermatophore debris left in the dorsal pouch after copulation are quickly removed and collected in special pockets in the genital chamber. This trash is collected by undulation of the genital chamber’s membranous floor which is entirely covered by small scales (˜10 μm) similar to those in the ovipositor of female crickets. This self-filling trash collecting system may be used in some other insects which produce the spermatophore in a similar manner to that of crickets.

Trash Talk.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stermer, Edward

1998-01-01

Discusses creative methods of handling the tremendous amounts of trash generated daily in the U.S. Recycling, precycling, and reusing items all effectively reduce the amount of trash sent to landfills. The three components of successful recycling programs are collection, manufacturing, and buying recycled products. Pay-as-you-throw programs…

Vibrational spectroscopic determination of botanical trash samples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cotton trash present with cotton lint can drastically affect the yarn properties and marketability of cotton. Cotton trash usually comes into contact with cotton lint from field to fabric processing operations of cotton. Conventional methods to determine cotton lint currently do not present the or...

Using digital images to measure and discriminate small particles in cotton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylor, Robert A.; Godbey, Luther C.

1991-02-01

Inages from conventional video systems are being digitized in coraputers for the analysis of small trash particles in cotton. The method has been developed to automate particle counting and area measurements for bales of cotton prepared for market. Because the video output is linearly proportional to the amount of light reflected the best spectral band for optimum particle discrimination should be centered at the wavelength of maximum difference between particles and their surroundings. However due to the spectral distribution of the illumination energy and the detector sensitivity peak image performance bands were altered. Reflectance from seven mechanically cleaned cotton lint samples and trash removed were examined for spectral contrast in the wavelength range of camera sensitivity. Pixel intensity histograms from the video systent are reported for simulated trashmeter area reference samples (painted dots on panels) and for cotton containing trash to demonstrate the particle discrimination mechanism. 2.

Trash to Gas: Converting Space Waste into Useful Supply Products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsoras, Alexandra

2013-01-01

The cost of sending mass into space with current propulsion technology is very expensive, making every item a crucial element of the space mission. It is essential that all materials be used to their fullest potential. Items like food, packaging, clothing, paper towels, gloves, etc., normally become trash and take up space after use. These waste materials are currently either burned up upon reentry in earth's atmosphere or sent on cargo return vehicles back to earth: a very wasteful method. The purpose of this project was to utilize these materials and create useful products like water and methane gas, which is used for rocket fuel, to further supply a deep space mission. The system used was a thermal degradation reactor with the configuration of a down-draft gasifier. The reactor was loaded with approximately 100g of trash simulant and heated with two external ceramic heaters with separate temperature control in order to create pyrolysis and gasification in one zone and incineration iri a second zone simultaneously. Trash was loaded into the top half of the reactor to undergo pyrolysis while the downdraft gas experienced gasification or incineration to treat tars and maximize the production of carbon dioxide. Minor products included carbon monoxide, methane, and other hydrocarbons. The carbon dioxide produced can be sent to a Sabatier reactor to convert the gas into methane, which can be used as rocket propellant. In order to maximize the carbon dioxide and useful gases produced, and minimize the unwanted tars and leftover ashen material, multiple experiments were performed with altered parameters such as differing temperatures, flow rates, and location of inlet air flow. According to the data received from these experiments, the process will be further scaled up and optimized to ultimately create a system that reduces trash buildup while at the same time providing enough useful gases to potentially fill a methane tank that could fuel a lunar ascent vehicle or other deep space mission.

Fourier-transform imaging of cotton and botanical and field trash mixtures

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Botanical and field cotton trash comingled with cotton lint can greatly reduce the marketability and quality of cotton. Trash can be found comingled with cotton lint during harvesting, ginning, and processing, thus this study is of interest. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (A...

Preliminary field trash studies using near-infrared spectroscopy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cotton is a cash crop that is important in the world market. Development of instrumental techniques to measure cotton quality parameters which are accurate, precise, and fast would be beneficial. Cotton trash (leaf, etc.) and field trash (plastic bags, etc.) comingled with lint adversely affects th...

Development of a trash harvester for MnDOT : phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

Trash collection along a roadside is usually done by hand which requires a lot of workers and time. There are : machines available to remove trash on smooth surfaces such as concrete, but none of them are able to pick-up litter : on grassy areas. : T...

Skylab Trash Airlock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Price, L. R.

1975-01-01

The Skylab Trash Airlock (TAL) used throughout the Skylab mission to transfer trash materials that could support microbial growth from the pressurized cabin to the unpressurized waste tank is described. The TAL, which uses several basic mechanisms, was successfully operated daily for the 170 days of manned missions for a total of 637 cycles.

5. SOUTH ELEVATION OF POWER PLANT BUILDING. GRATE COVERED 'TRASH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. SOUTH ELEVATION OF POWER PLANT BUILDING. GRATE COVERED 'TRASH RACK' VISIBLE IN CENTER. THE STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE SUPPORTS MACHINES TO CLEAR DEBRIS CAUGHT ON THE TRASH RACK. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

Sorting Recycled Trash: An Activity for Earth Day 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Mary E.; Harris, Harold H.

2007-01-01

Middle or high school students celebrate Earth Day on April 22, 2007 by participating in the activity to separate commingled recyclable trash to simulate sorting in a recycling center. Students would gain an appreciation for recyclable trash, after it is taken to a recycling center and learn about properties of recyclables.

Sugarcane trash levels in soil affects the fungi but not bacteria in a short-term field experiment.

PubMed

Rachid, C T C C; Pires, C A; Leite, D C A; Coutinho, H L C; Peixoto, R S; Rosado, A S; Salton, J; Zanatta, J A; Mercante, F M; Angelini, G A R; Balieiro, Fabiano de Carvalho

2016-01-01

The sugarcane in Brazil is passing through a management transition that is leading to the abolition of pre-harvest burning. Without burning, large amounts of sugarcane trash is generated, and there is a discussion regarding the utilization of this biomass in the industry versus keeping it in the field to improve soil quality. To study the effects of the trash removal on soil quality, we established an experimental sugarcane plantation with different levels of trash over the soil (0%, 50% and 100% of the original trash deposition) and analyzed the structure of the bacterial and fungal community as the bioindicators of impacts. The soil DNA was extracted, and the microbial community was screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in two different seasons. Our results suggest that there are no effects from the different levels of trash on the soil chemistry and soil bacterial community. However, the fungal community was significantly impacted, and after twelve months, the community presented different structures among the treatments. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Image processing for stripper harvested cotton trash content measurement a progress report

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study was initiated to provide the basis for obtaining on-line information as to the levels of the various types of gin trash. The objective is to provide the ginner with knowledge of the quantity of the various trash components in the raw uncleaned seed cotton. This information is currently no...

Crayfish use of trash versus natural cover in incised, sand-bed streams

Treesearch

Susan B. Adams

2014-01-01

Historic land use changes and subsequent river channelization created deeply incised, unstable stream channels largely devoid of natural cover throughout the Yazoo River basin, Mississippi, USA. Large trash (e.g., televisions, toilets, car parts) dumped in streams provided shelter for some aquatic fauna. To determine whether trash served as a surrogate for natural...

Integrated technologies for solid waste bin monitoring system.

PubMed

Arebey, Maher; Hannan, M A; Basri, Hassan; Begum, R A; Abdullah, Huda

2011-06-01

The integration of communication technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning system (GPS), general packet radio system (GPRS), and geographic information system (GIS) with a camera are constructed for solid waste monitoring system. The aim is to improve the way of responding to customer's inquiry and emergency cases and estimate the solid waste amount without any involvement of the truck driver. The proposed system consists of RFID tag mounted on the bin, RFID reader as in truck, GPRS/GSM as web server, and GIS as map server, database server, and control server. The tracking devices mounted in the trucks collect location information in real time via the GPS. This information is transferred continuously through GPRS to a central database. The users are able to view the current location of each truck in the collection stage via a web-based application and thereby manage the fleet. The trucks positions and trash bin information are displayed on a digital map, which is made available by a map server. Thus, the solid waste of the bin and the truck are being monitored using the developed system.

Venice Park landfill: Working with the community

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McAdams, C.L.

1993-09-01

Venice Park landfill was one of the first sites to be permitted under Michigan's proposed Public Act 641. PA 641 essentially changed the rules and regulations for landfills from the simple design of digging a hole and filling it. It also upgraded standards to those that are more sophisticated, including liners, leachate collection systems, and gas extraction systems. In 1992, methane gas from the landfill was collected into wells drilled into the trash varying in depth from 30-50 feet in depth. A vacuum pulls the gas from the trash into the wells, then through a piping system. The landfill usesmore » about 80-100 kilowatts in-house. The remainder of the gas is sold to Consumers Power Co. which uses landfill gas to supply power to homes.« less

The utilization of crude fish oil (CFO) to increase mudcrab (Scylla serrata) feed quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamid, Mirni; Agustono

2017-02-01

Crude fish oil is one of essential fatty acid sources, which is found in Sardinella lemuru. This research aims to study the quality improvement of mudcrab(Scylla serrata) feed. Four feed formulations were designed by using completely randomized design, including P0 = trash fish + 1% tapioca starch; P1=trash fish + 2.0% crude fish oil + 1% tapioca starch;, P2= trash fish +4.0% crude fish oil + 1% tapioca starch; P3=trash fish + 6.0% crude fish oil + 1% tapioca starch; P4=trash fish +8.0% crude fish oil + 1% tapioca starch, respectively, which were carried out in quadruplicate. This study showed that feed formulation significantly affected crude protein, crude fiber, crude lipid, ash, organic matter and nitrogen free extract and energy of mudcrab. The P2 feed was the best formulation but had a slight different from P3 formulation.

7 CFR 319.8-9 - Hull fiber and gin trash.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull fiber and gin trash. 319.8-9 Section 319.8-9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... Importation and Entry of Cotton and Covers § 319.8-9 Hull fiber and gin trash. (a) Entry of hull fiber will be...

Single-step microwave-assisted hot water extraction of hemicelluloses from selected lignocellulosic materials - A biorefinery approach.

PubMed

Mihiretu, Gezahegn T; Brodin, Malin; Chimphango, Annie F; Øyaas, Karin; Hoff, Bård H; Görgens, Johann F

2017-10-01

The viability of single-step microwave-induced pressurized hot water conditions for co-production of xylan-based biopolymers and bioethanol from aspenwood sawdust and sugarcane trash was investigated. Extraction of hemicelluloses was conducted using microwave-assisted pressurized hot water system. The effects of temperature and time on extraction yield and enzymatic digestibility of resulting solids were determined. Temperatures between 170-200°C for aspenwood and 165-195°C for sugarcane trash; retention times between 8-22min for both feedstocks, were selected for optimization purpose. Maximum xylan extraction yields of 66 and 50%, and highest cellulose digestibilities of 78 and 74%, were attained for aspenwood and sugarcane trash respectively. Monomeric xylose yields for both feedstocks were below 7%, showing that the xylan extracts were predominantly in non-monomeric form. Thus, single-step microwave-assisted hot water method is viable biorefinery approach to extract xylan from lignocelluloses while rendering the solid residues sufficiently digestible for ethanol production. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

STS-35 MS Hoffman's height is recorded by MS Lounge on OV-102's middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-19-021 (December 1990) --- STS-35 Mission Specialist Jeffrey A. Hoffman stretches out on the middeck floor while MS John M. (Mike) Lounge records his height. The two crew members are in front of the forward lockers aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. Hoffman steadies himself using the stowed treadmill and the lockers. Above Hoffman's head is a plastic bag filled with Development Test Objective (DTO) 634, Trash Compaction and Retention System Demonstration, trash compactor charcoal filtered bag lids. This image was selected by the Public Affairs Office (PAO) for public release.

Skylab

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-05-01

This is a close-up photograph of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) trash disposal airlock located on the floor of the lower level of the OWS. It provided a means of passing trash from the pressurized habitable area into the unpressurized waste tank. The crewman opened a valve which brought the airlock to the same pressure as that within the workshop. He then opened the lid, placed the bagged trash inside, closed the lid and locked it. By turning the valve handle, he reduced the pressure within the airlock until it reached the vacuum of the waste tank. The crewman then operated an ejector handle that caused a scissors-type mechanism to push the bagged trash from the airlock into the tank.

78 FR 33406 - Clean River Power MR-1, LLC, Clean River Power MR-2, LLC, Clean River Power MR-3, LLC, Clean...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

..., 52-foot-high, 80-foot-wide intake structure with trash racks containing 2-inch clear bar spacing; (2... following new facilities: (1) A 37-foot-long, 23-foot-high, 80-foot- wide intake structure with trash racks... new facilities: (1) A 37- foot-long, 52-foot-high, 88-foot-wide intake structure with trash racks...

Assessment of Operational Automated Guideway Systems - Airtrans (Phase I)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-09-01

This report presents the results of an evaluation study of AIRTRANS, a unique, automated guideway system located at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. AIRTRANS was designed to move passengers, employees, baggage, mail, trash and supplies. The newest and ...

Human Factor Investigation of Waste Processing System During the HI-SEAS 4 Month Mars Analog Mission in Support of NASA's Logistic Reduction and Repurposing Project: Trash to Gas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne; Hintze, Paul; Miles, John D.

2014-01-01

NASAs Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project is a collaborative effort in which NASA is tasked with reducing total logistical mass through reduction, reuse and recycling of various wastes and components of long duration space missions and habitats. Trash to Gas (TtG) is a sub task to LRR with efforts focused on development of a technology that converts wastes generated during long duration space missions into high-value products such as methane, water for life support, raw material production feedstocks, and other energy sources. The reuse of discarded materials is a critical component to reducing overall mission mass. The 120 day Hawaii Space Exploration and Analog Simulation provides a unique opportunity to answer questions regarding crew interface and system analysis for designing and developing future flight-like versions of a TtG system. This paper will discuss the human factors that would affect the design of a TtG or other waste processing systems. An overview of the habitat, utility usage, and waste storage and generation is given. Crew time spent preparing trash for TtG processing was recorded. Gas concentrations were measured near the waste storage locations and at other locations in the habitat. In parallel with the analog mission, experimental processing of waste materials in a TtG reactor was performed in order to evaluate performance with realistic waste materials.

Human Factor Investigation of Waste Processing System During the HI-SEAS 4-month Mars Analog Mission in Support of NASA's Logistic Reduction and Repurposing Project: Trash to Gas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne; Hintze, Paul E.; Miles, John D.

2014-01-01

NASA's Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project is a collaborative effort in which NASA is tasked with reducing total logistical mass through reduction, reuse and recycling of various wastes and components of long duration space missions and habitats. Trash to Gas (TtG) is a sub task to LRR with efforts focused on development of a technology that converts wastes generated during long duration space missions into high-value products such as methane, water for life support, raw material production feedstocks, and other energy sources. The reuse of discarded materials is a critical component to reducing overall mission mass. The 120 day Hawaii Space Exploration and Analog Simulation provides a unique opportunity to answer questions regarding crew interface and system analysis for designing and developing future flight-like versions of a TtG system. This paper will discuss the human factors that would affect the design of a TtG or other waste processing systems. An overview of the habitat, utility usage, and waste storage and generation is given. Crew time spent preparing trash for TtG processing was recorded. Gas concentrations were measured near the waste storage locations and at other locations in the habitat. In parallel with the analog mission, experimental processing of waste materials in a TtG reactor was performed in order to evaluate performance with realistic waste materials.

Space Mission Utility and Requirements for a Heat Melt Compactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, John W.; Lee, Jeffrey M.

2016-01-01

Management of waste on long-duration space missions is both a problem and an opportunity. Uncontained or unprocessed waste is a crew health hazard and a habitat storage problem. A Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) such as NASA has been developing is capable of processing space mission trash and converting it to useful products. The HMC is intended to process space mission trash to achieve a number of objectives including: volume reduction, biological safening and stabilization, water recovery, radiation shielding, and planetary protection. This paper explores the utility of the HMC to future space missions and how this translates into HMC system requirements.

Impact of trash burning on air quality in Mexico City.

PubMed

Hodzic, A; Wiedinmyer, C; Salcedo, D; Jimenez, J L

2012-05-01

Air pollution experienced by expanding urban areas is responsible for serious health effects and death for millions of people every year. Trash burning is a common disposal method in poor areas, yet it is uncontrolled in many countries, and its contribution to air pollution is unclear due to uncertainties in its emissions. Here we develop a new trash burning emission inventory for Mexico City based on inverse socioeconomic levels and recently measured emission factors, and apply a chemistry-transport model to analyze the effects on pollutant concentrations. Trash burning is estimated to emit 25 tons of primary organic aerosols (POA) per day, which is comparable to fossil fuel POA emissions in Mexico City, and causes an increase in average organic aerosol concentrations of ∼0.3 μg m(-3) downtown and up to 2 μg m(-3) in highly populated suburbs near the sources of emission. An evaluation using submicrometer antimony suggests that our emission estimates are reasonable. Mitigation of trash burning could reduce the levels of organic aerosols by 2-40% and those of PM(2.5) by 1-15% over the metropolitan area. The trash burning contributions to carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds were found to be very small (<3%), and consequently the contributions to secondary nitrate, sulfate, and secondary organic aerosols are also very small. © 2012 American Chemical Society

American Material Culture: Investigating a World War II Trash Dump

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Julie Braun

2005-10-01

The Idaho National Laboratory: An Historical Trash Trove Historians and archaeologists love trash, the older the better. Sometimes these researchers find their passion in unexpected places. In this presentation, the treasures found in a large historic dump that lies relatively untouched in the middle of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) will be described. The U.S. military used the central portion of the INL as one of only six naval proving grounds during World War II. They dumped trash in dry irrigation canals during and after their wartime activities and shortly before the federal government designated this arid and desolate placemore » as the nation’s nuclear reactor testing station in 1949. When read critically and combined with memories and photographs, the 60-year old trash provides a glimpse into 1940s’ culture and the everyday lives of ordinary people who lived and worked during this time on Idaho’s desert. Thanks to priceless stories, hours of research, and the ability to read the language of historic artifacts, the dump was turned from just another trash heap into a treasure trove of 1940s memorabilia. Such studies of American material culture serve to fire our imaginations, enrich our understanding of past practices, and humanize history. Historical archaeology provides opportunities to integrate inanimate objects with animated narrative and, the more recent the artifacts, the more human the stories they can tell.« less

Bioremediation using Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with Sparus macrocephalus to manage the nitrogen and phosphorous balance in an IMTA system in Xiangshan Bay, China.

PubMed

Wu, Hailong; Huo, Yuanzi; Han, Fang; Liu, Yuanyuan; He, Peimin

2015-02-15

A cage experiment using the red alga Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with the black seabream Sparus macrocephalus in Xiangshan Bay, China was conducted to measure the nutrient flux of the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Results showed that trash fish were the main nutrient input contributor and adult fish were the main nutrient output contributor in the system. Contents of N and P in adult fish accounted for 54.45% and 59.48% of N and P in trash fish and fry, which suggests that 45.55% of N and 40.52% of P generated by fish farming were released into to the water. G. chouae proved to be an efficient bioremediation species in this IMTA system. To balance the excess nutrients generated by the system, 231.09 kg of seedlings should be cultured and 5315.07 kg of adult seaweed should be harvested. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cotton gin trash in the western United States: Resource inventory and energy conversion characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haase, S.G.; Quinn, M.W.; Whittier, J.P.

1993-12-31

The disposal of wastes associated with the processing of cotton is posing increasing problems for cotton gin operators in the western United States. Traditional disposal methods, such as open-air incineration and landfilling are no longer adequate due to increasing environmental concerns. This paper evaluates the technical, economic and environmental feasibility for cotton gin trash to serve as an energy resource. Cotton gin trash has been quantified, by county, in the five cotton-growing states of the western United States. The energy conversion technology that appears to offer the most promise is gasification. An economic evaluation model has been developed that willmore » allow gin operators to analyze their own situation to determine the profitability of converting gin trash to energy.« less

Early evolution and ecology of camouflage in insects

PubMed Central

Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo; Delclòs, Xavier; Peñalver, Enrique; Speranza, Mariela; Wierzchos, Jacek; Ascaso, Carmen; Engel, Michael S.

2012-01-01

Taxa within diverse lineages select and transport exogenous materials for the purposes of camouflage. This adaptive behavior also occurs in insects, most famously in green lacewing larvae who nestle the trash among setigerous cuticular processes, known as trash-carrying, rendering them nearly undetectable to predators and prey, as well as forming a defensive shield. We report an exceptional discovery of a green lacewing larva in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain with specialized cuticular processes forming a dorsal basket that carry a dense trash packet. The trash packet is composed of trichomes of gleicheniacean ferns, which highlight the presence of wildfires in this early forest ecosystem. This discovery provides direct evidence of an early acquisition of a sophisticated behavioral suite in stasis for over 110 million years and an ancient plant–insect interaction. PMID:23236135

Early evolution and ecology of camouflage in insects.

PubMed

Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo; Delclòs, Xavier; Peñalver, Enrique; Speranza, Mariela; Wierzchos, Jacek; Ascaso, Carmen; Engel, Michael S

2012-12-26

Taxa within diverse lineages select and transport exogenous materials for the purposes of camouflage. This adaptive behavior also occurs in insects, most famously in green lacewing larvae who nestle the trash among setigerous cuticular processes, known as trash-carrying, rendering them nearly undetectable to predators and prey, as well as forming a defensive shield. We report an exceptional discovery of a green lacewing larva in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain with specialized cuticular processes forming a dorsal basket that carry a dense trash packet. The trash packet is composed of trichomes of gleicheniacean ferns, which highlight the presence of wildfires in this early forest ecosystem. This discovery provides direct evidence of an early acquisition of a sophisticated behavioral suite in stasis for over 110 million years and an ancient plant-insect interaction.

Best Management Practices, Policies and Programs

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The National Great Practice Compendium highlights outstanding activities, technologies, and programs that prevent trash from entering the aquatic environment and/or that reduce the overall volume of trash that is generated.

The 9th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Papers are presented dealing with performance and development of various spacecraft components, mechanical devices, and subsystems. Topics discussed include: manipulator arms, the Skylab Parasol, cooling system performance, extendable booms, magnetically suspended reaction wheels, the Skylab Trash Airlock, magnetometers, actuators, life support systems, and technology transfer.

9 CFR 3.125 - Facilities, general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the removal and disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash and debris. Disposal.... The disposal facilities and any disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash, and...

9 CFR 3.125 - Facilities, general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the removal and disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash and debris. Disposal.... The disposal facilities and any disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash, and...

36 CFR 327.9 - Sanitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... violation to bring onto a project any household or commercial garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals... Commander. For the purposes of this section, the owner of any garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals...

36 CFR 327.9 - Sanitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... violation to bring onto a project any household or commercial garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals... Commander. For the purposes of this section, the owner of any garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals...

36 CFR 327.9 - Sanitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... violation to bring onto a project any household or commercial garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals... Commander. For the purposes of this section, the owner of any garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals...

9 CFR 3.125 - Facilities, general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the removal and disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash and debris. Disposal.... The disposal facilities and any disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash, and...

9 CFR 3.125 - Facilities, general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the removal and disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash and debris. Disposal.... The disposal facilities and any disposal of animal and food wastes, bedding, dead animals, trash, and...

46 CFR 176.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or block emergency...

46 CFR 176.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or block emergency...

46 CFR 176.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or block emergency...

46 CFR 176.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or block emergency...

46 CFR 176.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or block emergency...

36 CFR § 327.9 - Sanitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... violation to bring onto a project any household or commercial garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals... Commander. For the purposes of this section, the owner of any garbage, trash, rubbish, debris, dead animals...

Trash-Free Waters Webinar Series

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Trash-Free Waters Webinar Series promotes increased knowledge and understanding of the sources, distribution and impacts of plastics and microplastics in the environment with featured presenters who are experienced researchers in this field.

How to Dispose of Unused Medicines

MedlinePlus

... your city or county government’s household trash and recycling service (see blue pages in phone book) to ... regulations and laws, contact your local trash and recycling facility. Find this and other Consumer Updates at ...

Coyote Creek Trash Reduction Project: Clean Creeks, Healthy Communities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Information about the SFBWQP Coyote Creek Trash Reduction Project, part of an EPA competitive grant program to improve SF Bay water quality focused on restoring impaired waters and enhancing aquatic resources.

Characterization of Escherichia coli populations from gulls, landfill trash, and wastewater using ribotyping.

PubMed

Nelson, M; Jones, S H; Edwards, C; Ellis, J C

2008-08-19

Due to their opportunistic and gregarious nature, gulls may be important reservoirs and vectors for anthropogenically derived fecal pathogens in coastal areas. We used ribotyping, a genotypic bacterial source tracking method, to compare populations of Escherichia coli among herring gulls Larus argentatus, great black-backed gulls L. marinus, wastewater, and landfill trash in New Hampshire and Maine, USA. Concentrations of E. coli in gull feces varied widely among individuals, but were generally high (6.0 x 10(1) to 2.5 x 10(9) g(-1) wet weight). Of 39 E. coli isolates from L. argentatus, 67% had banding patterns that were > or = 90% similar to those from wastewater and trash, whereas only 39% of 36 L. marinus isolates exhibited > or = 90% similarity to these sources. Strains of E. coli from gulls matched (> or = 90% similarity) more strains from wastewater (39% matching) than from trash (15% matching). E. coli isolates from L. marinus feces exhibited a greater diversity of banding patterns than did isolates from L. argentatus. There were more unique E. coli banding patterns in trash samples than in wastewater, and higher diversity indices in the former compared to the latter. These findings suggest that both species of gulls, especially L. argentatus, obtain fecal bacteria from wastewater and landfill trash, which they may transport to recreational beaches and waters. Our results also indicate that E. coli populations may vary widely between gull species, and between the anthropogenic habitats that they frequent, i.e. landfills and wastewater treatment facilities.

16 CFR 260.6 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... trash bags will ordinarily not be separated out from other trash at the landfill or incinerator for recycling, they are highly unlikely to be used again for any purpose. Even if the bag is technically capable...

16 CFR 260.6 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... trash bags will ordinarily not be separated out from other trash at the landfill or incinerator for recycling, they are highly unlikely to be used again for any purpose. Even if the bag is technically capable...

Hayward Youth-Based Trash Capture, Reduction, and Watershed Education Project

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Information about the SFBWQP City of Hayward, CA Trash Managment Project, part of an EPA competitive grant program to improve SF Bay water quality focused on restoring impaired waters and enhancing aquatic resources.

Open air refuse burning video: Proton Dan the science man explores open air refuse burning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eastburn, M.D.; Sipple, J.L.; Deramo, A.R.

The goal of this video is to educate school children to the potential hazards of open air trash burning; to demonstrate alternative ways to dispose of trash; and to motivate students to take action to change the behavior of their parents with regard to trash burning. The burning of household trash, although illegal, is still a common practice in rural areas of Delaware. Enforcement has been difficult because the practice is often performed at night and is done across a wide rural area that is difficult to patrol on a continuing basis. The prohibition on trash burning (revised Regulation 13more » of The Delaware Code of Regulations Governing The Control of Air Pollution) has been in effect since 1968, but the public has been slow to comply because trash burning has been practiced for many generations and because much of the public is unaware of the environmental impacts and/or the human health risks. This video may be valuable for other States to use as a public outreach tool regarding their problems with open air refuse burning. The focus of the video is a 7th grade science class is given various assignments relating to Earth Day and preservation of natural resources. Two children in particular are given the assignment to research and report on the hazards of open air trash burning and are asked to investigate alternative ways to dispose of refuse. Upon brainstorming how to find information on the topic, the kids decide to contact the host of a popular children's science show on broadcast television named Proton Dan the Science Man (a fictitious character and show based on Bill Nye the Science Guy). The host then invites the kids to the studio where he films his show and takes them through the topic. The TV host character takes the children to several external locations like a landfill, recycling centers, etc..« less

How to Dispose of Unused Medicines

MedlinePlus

... trash and recycling facility. Flushing Drugs and the Water Supply Some people wonder if it’s okay to flush ... such as rivers and lakes, and in drinking water supplies. “The main way drug residues enter water systems ...

Commander Lousma is surrounded by a week's worth of trash on the middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Commander Lousma, wearing communication kit assembly (ASSY) mini headset (HDST), gathers three freefloating plastic trash bags filled with empty containers, paper towels, straws, etc. Lousma will stow them in a designated stowage volume.

Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic Fire Extinguishers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-02-01

This report contains a summary of the work performed during the development of a minimum performance standard for lavatory trash receptacle automatic fire extinguishers. The developmental work was performed under the direction of the International Ha...

Commander Lousma stows trash bags in middeck CO2 Absorber Stowage volume

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Commander Lousma uses his body as a zero gravity garbage compactor to stow plastic bags full of empty containers and trash in the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Absorber Stowage volume in front of the airlock hatch.

77 FR 10502 - Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting Comments, Motions To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... the following new facilities: (1) An upper reservoir inlet/outlet structure equipped with trash racks... trash racks; (2) a 620-foot-long, 43-foot-diameter vertical shaft connecting the upper reservoir inlet...

Pilot Kent Rominger compacts trash container

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-11-05

STS073-356-018 (20 October - 5 November 1995) --- Astronaut Kent V. Rominger, pilot, demonstrates an age-old trash-compacting method on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Following a meal, Rominger had collected the residue wrappers, etc. and filled a plastic bag. Following his compacting maneuvers, Rominger went on to deposit the sack into a temporary trash-stowage area beneath the middeck. Making his first flight into space, Rominger joined four other NASA astronauts and two guest researchers for more than two weeks' research in support of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.

Design and Development of the Trash Spliter with Three Different Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perangin Angin, Despaleri; Siagian, Hendrik; Dodi Suryanto, Eka; Sashanti, Rahayu; Marcopolo

2018-04-01

Abstract. Trash has become a major problem in everyday life. Until now there is no right method to handle it. This paper discusses a method of development of the trash splitter with three different sensors. There are three sensors are used infrared, metal, and light sensors. The results obtained are more effective with the results obtained show the devices have similar accuracy garbage sorting is a metal (98%), organic (26.67%), paper (32%), and plastics (58%). The accuracy of the mixed waste sorting is a metal (94.67%), organic (28%), paper (12%), and plastics (41.3%).

77 FR 2974 - Longview Energy Exchange, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

... system; (2) a single lower reservoir dam constructed of earth fill materials with an internal dam drainage system; (3) concrete inlet-outlet structures at both upper reservoirs equipped with trash racks..., using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name...

Designing a machine for picking up litter along Minnesota highways : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-29

Collecting trash by hand along grassy highway shoulders and medians in the Twin Cities : metropolitan area costs about $2 million per year. Harvesting trash in this manner is : a time-consuming task that also presents serious safety hazards for...

Talking Trash: Bringing Research into Action while Reducing Household Solid Waste

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Elizabeth J.

2012-01-01

This dissertation was an exploration of how changing the waste system is a necessary part of achieving sustainable human systems and how transforming consumer attitudes towards waste is a vital piece of sustainable waste management. This research was also an exploration of the attitudes and beliefs that promote and prohibit waste reduction…

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION REPORT: STORMWATER SOURCE AREA TREATMENT DEVICE: STORMWATER MANAGEMENT INC., STORMSCREEN� TREATMENT SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

Verification Testing of the Stormwater Management, Inc. StormScreen treatment technology was performed during a 12-month period starting in May, 2003. The system was previously installed in a city-owned right-of-way near downtown Griffin, GA., and is a device for removing trash,...

14. Forebay structure from hillside to the North. Viewed toward ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Forebay structure from hillside to the North. Viewed toward the South and East (elevated view) showing trash racks and floor plan. HAER, COLO, 23-RIF, V,1D-1 - Havemeyer-Willcox Canal System, Rifle, Garfield County, CO

5. UPSTREAM VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, GATES AND GATELIFTING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. UPSTREAM VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, GATES AND GATE-LIFTING MECHANISMS FOR THE POST FALLS DAM AND POWERHOUSE, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

1. EXISTING TRASH RAKE STRUCTURE AND STEEL IBEAM TRACK, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. EXISTING TRASH RAKE STRUCTURE AND STEEL I-BEAM TRACK, LOOKING EAST/NORTHEAST. - Washington Water Power Spokane River Upper Falls Hydroelectric Development, Gates & Gate-Lifting Mechanisms, Spokane River, approximately 0.5 mile northeast of intersection of Spokane Falls Boulevard & Post Street, Spokane, Spokane County, WA

Impact of experimental gins on fiber quality parameters

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Stripper harvested cotton usually contains approximately 6 to 8 times higher levels of trash than machine picked cotton. Ginning in stripper areas should be made more efficient at removing the trash particles while preserving fiber quality. Fiber breakage is a concern at two junctures: the saw gins ...

KSC-2012-6319

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

KSC-2012-6319 - CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Paul Hintze is the researcher leading the trash-to-gas project at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Hintze's group of six researchers at Kennedy and groups from NASA centers in Ohio, California and Texas wrote in a recent paper that the current methods of handling trash – either carrying it along on the round trip through space or gathering it into an expendable module and burning it up in Earth's atmosphere – are not suitable answers for missions that go beyond Earth orbit or even past the moon. Working in a laboratory at Kennedy, Hintze's team built an 80-pound device that looks like a three-foot-long metal pipe to test theories about incinerating a variety of trash ranging from used clothes to uneaten food. The reactor holds more than three quarts of material and burns at about 1,000 degrees F, about twice the maximum temperature of an average household oven. It's expected to take astronauts four hours to burn a day's worth of trash from a crew of four. During the course of a year in space – one half the length of time a mission to Mars is expected to take – trash processing for a crew of four would create about 2,200 pounds of methane fuel, enough to power a launch from the lunar surface, Hintze said. Photo credit: NASA/Dmitri Gerondidakis

KSC-2012-6320

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

KSC-2012-6320 – CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Stephen Anthony works with an experimental reactor as part of the trash-to-gas project at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A group of six researchers at Kennedy and groups from NASA centers in Ohio, California and Texas wrote in a recent paper that the current methods of handling trash – either carrying it along on the round trip through space or gathering it into an expendable module and burning it up in Earth's atmosphere – are not suitable answers for missions that go beyond Earth orbit or even past the moon. Working in a laboratory at Kennedy, Hintze's team built an 80-pound device that looks like a three-foot-long metal pipe to test theories about incinerating a variety of trash ranging from used clothes to uneaten food. The reactor holds more than three quarts of material and burns at about 1,000 degrees F, about twice the maximum temperature of an average household oven. It's expected to take astronauts four hours to burn a day's worth of trash from a crew of four. During the course of a year in space – one half the length of time a mission to Mars is expected to take – trash processing for a crew of four would create about 2,200 pounds of methane fuel, enough to power a launch from the lunar surface, Hintze said. Photo credit: NASA/Dmitri Gerondidakis

KSC-2012-6321

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

KSC-2012-6321 – CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Anne Caraccio works with an experimental reactor as part of the trash-to-gas project at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A group of six researchers at Kennedy and groups from NASA centers in Ohio, California and Texas wrote in a recent paper that the current methods of handling trash – either carrying it along on the round trip through space or gathering it into an expendable module and burning it up in Earth's atmosphere – are not suitable answers for missions that go beyond Earth orbit or even past the moon. Working in a laboratory at Kennedy, Hintze's team built an 80-pound device that looks like a three-foot-long metal pipe to test theories about incinerating a variety of trash ranging from used clothes to uneaten food. The reactor holds more than three quarts of material and burns at about 1,000 degrees F, about twice the maximum temperature of an average household oven. It's expected to take astronauts four hours to burn a day's worth of trash from a crew of four. During the course of a year in space – one half the length of time a mission to Mars is expected to take – trash processing for a crew of four would create about 2,200 pounds of methane fuel, enough to power a launch from the lunar surface, Hintze said. Photo credit: NASA/Dmitri Gerondidakis

An evaluation of three litter control procedures--trash receptacles, paid workers, and the marked item technique.

PubMed Central

Bacon-Prue, A; Blount, R; Pickering, D; Drabman, R

1980-01-01

This study assessed the effectiveness of three litter control procedures on the grounds of a residential retardation facility. Fifty-seven areas were divided into five groups according to the amount of litter they contained. Daily litter counts were made in one randomly chosen area for four of the groups and weekly litter counts were made from one randomly chosen area from the fifth group. After the baseline period, trash receptacles were placed a high traffic areas on the grounds of the facility. This was followed by the payment of two resident workers for picking up trash. In the next phase, marked pieces of litter were placed on the grounds, and residents voluntarily collected litter and turned it in at a central location. When a marked piece was turned in, that resident received $1.00 and had his or her picture taken and posted. This phase was followed by a return to the trash receptacles phase and then a return to the marked item phase. The results indicated that the marked item procedure was effective in reducing the amount of litter on the campus grounds, but the use of trash receptacles and the payment of resident workers for picking up litter did not noticeably reduce the amount of litter. The results are discussed in terms of the cost effectiveness of the procedures. PMID:6767679

Trash to Gas (TtG) Simulant Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, John D., II; Hintze, Paul E.

2014-01-01

Space exploration in outer earths orbit is a long-term commitment, where the reuse of discarded materials is a critical component for its success. The Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project under the NASA Advanced Exploration System Program is a project focused on technologies that reduce the amount of consumables that are needed to be sent into space, repurpose items sent to space, or convert wastes to commodities. In particular, Trash to Gas (TtG), part of the LRR project, is a novel space technology capable of converting raw elements from combustible waste including food waste and packaging, paper, wipes and towels, nitrile gloves, fecal matter, urine brine, maximum absorbency garments, and other organic wastes from human space exploration into useful gases. Trash to gas will ultimately reduce mission cost by producing a portion of important consumables in situ. This paper will discuss results of waste processing by steam reforming. Steam reforming is a thermochemical process developed as part of TtG, where waste is heated in the presence of oxygen and steam to produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and water. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the processing of different waste simulants and their gaseous products. This will lay a foundation for understating and optimizing the production of useful gases for propulsion and recovery of water for life support.

Reducing Mission Logistics with Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baccus, Shelley; Broyan, James Lee, Jr.; Borrego, Melissa

2016-01-01

The Logistics Reduction (LR) project within Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) is tasked with reducing logistical mass and repurposing logistical items. Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags (MCTB) have been designed such that they can serve the same purpose as a Cargo Transfer Bag (CTB), the common logistics carrying bag for the International Space Station (ISS). After use as a cargo carrier, a regular CTB becomes trash, whereas the MCTB can be unfolded into a flat panel for reuse. Concepts and potential benefits for various MCTB applications will be discussed including partitions, crew quarters, solar radiation storm shelters, acoustic blankets, and forward osmosis water processing. Acoustic MCTBs are currently in use on ISS to reduce the noise generated by the T2 treadmill, which reaches the hazard limit at high speeds. The development of the AMCTB included identification of keep-out zones, acoustic properties, deployment considerations, and structural testing. Features developed for these considerations are applicable to MCTBs for all crew outfitting applications.

Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags fro Reducing Exploration Mission Logistics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baccus, Shelley; Broyan, James Lee, Jr.; Borrego, Melissa

2016-01-01

The Logistics Reduction (LR) project within the Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) division is tasked with reducing logistical mass and repurposing logistical items. Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags (MCTB) have been designed such that they can serve the same purpose as a Cargo Transfer Bag (CTB), the common logistics carrying bag for the International Space Station (ISS). After use as a cargo carrier, a regular CTB becomes trash, whereas the MCTB can be unfolded into a flat panel for reuse. Concepts and potential benefits for various MCTB applications will be discussed including partitions, crew quarters, solar radiation storm shelters, acoustic blankets, and forward osmosis water processing. Acoustic MCTBs are currently in use on ISS to reduce the noise generated by the T2 treadmill, which reaches the hazard limit at high speeds. The development of the AMCTB included identification of keep out zones, acoustic properties, deployment considerations, and structural testing. Features developed for these considerations are applicable to MCTBs for all crew outfitting applications.

The Nation's Rivers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolman, M. Gordon

1971-01-01

Illustrates difficulties in measuring long term changes in water temperature and content of dissolved oxygen, inorganic ions, radiation, pesticides, and trash and debris by reference to selected U. S. river systems. Concludes that observations to detect polluters may not provide data for assessing trends and trend reversals. (AL)

JPRS Report, East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-20

deteriorate, with more trash novels, thrillers, and perhaps even porno becoming available? [Fuzer] I do not like to make predictions but I am convinced...that if people in the book trade get control of these businesses there will be no such danger. There will also be trash and porno , of course, but

76 FR 27610 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Adoption of Control...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

..., freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, trash compactors, air conditioners, ovens, microwave ovens, and other... appliance product. A large appliance product is also defined as any organic surface-coated metal range, oven, microwave, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater, or trash compactor manufactured...

Trash Pie: Is Your School Serving?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoover, Krista M.; Curran, Mary Carla

2010-01-01

In observation of Earth Day, third-grade students were invited to examine what they contribute to the landfill and learn new ways they could help protect the environment. In this lesson, students collected, evaluated, and displayed data comparing the trash generated by home-lunch versus school-lunch students. Students interpreted their findings…

The Anti-Trash Costume Bash

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokrocki, Mary

2010-01-01

To educate one's students about recycling garbage, art teachers can plan an "anti-trash costume bash" to promote public awareness of the ugly, unhealthy, and costly effects of litter. Such an event was brainstormed by the Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG), a regional agency made up of the valley communities in Arizona working to…

Exploring NIR technique in rapid prediction of cotton trash components

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a useful technique due to the speed, ease of use, and adaptability to on-line or off-line implementation, has been applied to perform the qualitative classification and quantitative prediction on a number of cotton quality indices, including cotton trash from HVI, S...

The relationship between instrumental leaf grade and Shirley Analyzer trash content in cotton lint

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

With the increasing acceptance of high volume instrument (HVITM) instrumental leaf grade index in both domestic and international trading, there is a continued interest in the relationship between instrumental leaf grade and equivalent trash gravimetric content (% percent by mass) from cotton custom...

Relationship between three cotton trash measurements and near infrared spectral response

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Presence of non-lint materials (trashes) in commercial cotton bales at various amounts degrades the market values and further influences the end-use qualities. In order to ensure a fair trading, USDA’s AMS has introduced the high volume instrument (HVI) measurement as an universal standard index. Tr...

STS-44 onboard (in-space) crew portrait features "Trash Man" Hennen

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-12-01

STS044-17-030 (24 Nov-1 Dec 1991) --- The six crewmembers for STS-44 pose for a second crew portrait on Atlantis' flight deck. This portrait was intended to focus on Payload Specialist Thomas J. Hennen (front center), who earned the nickname, "Trash Man" during the flight. It was Hennen who "starred" in a brief onboard video production about the disposal of trash and waste. Others in the picture are (front row) Astronauts Frederick D. Gregory (left), Mission Commander; and James S. Voss, Mission Specialist; and (back row, left to right) Astronauts Mario Runco Jr. and F. Story Musgrave, both Mission Specialists; and Terence T. (Tom) Henricks, Pilot.

Commander Brand stows trash in jettison bag on middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Commander Brand disposes of empty food containers and dry trash in jettison bag and stows bag in middeck volume under MA73C control panel. Side hatch is visible behind Brand. Brand is wearing constant wear garment with communications kit assembly headset interface unit (HIU) and note pad strapped to his thighs.

Sugarcane residue and bagasse as biochar precursors for soil amendment applications and beyond

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

There are two potential untapped resources associated with the harvesting and processing of sugarcane, the trash (leaves and tops) left in the field and the sugarcane bagasse as surplus from the mills. Burning of sugarcane trash in the field has been under scrutiny in recent years due to urban encr...

12. CLOSEUP OF THE CURRENT TRASH RAKELIFTING MECHANISM (CALLED 'JAWS' ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. CLOSE-UP OF THE CURRENT TRASH RAKE-LIFTING MECHANISM (CALLED 'JAWS' BY THE PRESENT OPERATORS), LOOKING WEST. THIS EQUIPMENT WAS REMOVED IN AUTUMN OF 1996. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

Acoustic sensing of seed-cotton trash levels

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Modern cotton gins have a limited capability for handling varying levels of trash in the seed cotton. They can however slow down to provide another level of control. Due to the economics of running the gin plant, this is however a last resort that should only be done for the highest levels of tras...

Biological control agent of larger black flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): A nuisance pest developing in cotton gin trash piles.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Larger black flour beetles (LBFB), Cynaeus angustus, feed on saprophytic fungi found in gin trash piles, and become nuisance pests in homes and businesses. We examined the dose-response of three entomopathogenic nematode species (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora...

Trash or Treasure?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kowalczyk, Donna

2007-01-01

Most children know they should not pollute but have never considered why. One elementary school teacher creates a lesson for third- through fifth-grade students that makes the connection concrete. In the lesson, students consider the possible effects a trash item would have on an animal and its habitat, identifying ways in which the piece of trash…

Discernment of lint trash in raw cotton using multivariate analysis of excitation-emission luminescence spectra

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Excitation-Emission luminescence spectra of basic (pH 12.5) phosphate buffer solution extracts were used to distinguish among botanical components of trash within seed cotton. All components were separated from whole plants removed from a field in southern New Mexico. Unfolded Principal Component An...

Commander Lousma is surrounded by a week's worth of trash on the middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-25-231 (22-30 March 1982) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, STS-3 commander, wearing communication kit assembly mini headset, gathers three freefloating plastic trash bags filled with empty containers, paper towels, straws, etc. Lousma will stow them in a designated stowage volume. Photo credit: NASA

KSC-2012-6322

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – The prototype reactor researchers have begun working with to refine what is needed for a space-ready trash-to-gas device. Designers will reduce the weight and size of the machine so it can take up as little room as possible in a spacecraft. A group of six researchers at Kennedy and groups from NASA centers in Ohio, California and Texas wrote in a recent paper that the current methods of handling trash – either carrying it along on the round trip through space or gathering it into an expendable module and burning it up in Earth's atmosphere – are not suitable answers for missions that go beyond Earth orbit or even past the moon. Working in a laboratory at Kennedy, Hintze's team built an 80-pound device that looks like a three-foot-long metal pipe to test theories about incinerating a variety of trash ranging from used clothes to uneaten food. The reactor holds more than three quarts of material and burns at about 1,000 degrees F, about twice the maximum temperature of an average household oven. It's expected to take astronauts four hours to burn a day's worth of trash from a crew of four. During the course of a year in space – one half the length of time a mission to Mars is expected to take – trash processing for a crew of four would create about 2,200 pounds of methane fuel, enough to power a launch from the lunar surface, Hintze said. Photo credit: NASA/Dmitri Gerondidakis

77 FR 58375 - Inglis Hydropower, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-20

... consist of the following: (1) An existing 32-foot-high, 3500-foot-long earth filled dam; (2) a reservoir... bypass channel; (4) a 65-foot-wide, 35- foot-long intake structure with a trash rack cleaning system; (5... system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name and contact...

Sugarcane bagasse and leaf residue biochars as soil amendment for increased sugar and cane yields

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

There are two potential untapped resources associated with the harvesting and processing of sugarcane, the trash (leaves and tops) left in the field and the sugarcane bagasse as surplus from the mills. Burning of sugarcane trash in the field has been under scrutiny in recent years due to urban encr...

10. CLOSEUP VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, THEIR LIFTING MECHANISM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF THE TRASH RAKES, THEIR LIFTING MECHANISM (RIGHT FOREGROUND), AND CLUTCHES THAT OPEN AND CLOSE THE SIX INTAKE GATES ON THE POST FALLS POWERHOUSE, LOOKING WEST. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, Converts Trash

Science.gov Websites

to EnergyA> Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, Converts Trash to Energy to someone by E-mail Share converting solid waste to energy that powers up to 45,000 homes and businesses. For information about this Magazine Provided by Maryland Public Television Related Videos Photo of a car Hydrogen Powers Fuel Cell

Give Earth a Chance Series, Dirty Air, Trash Is Taking Over, Sounds and Silence, Pesticides Are Perilous, Tragedy in the Laundromat, Troublesome Tail Pipes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minneapolis Independent School District 275, Minn.

These six booklets in the "Give Earth a Chance Series" are titled, "Dirty Air,""Trash is Taking Over,""Sounds and Silence,""Pesticides are Perilous,""Tragedy in the Laundromat," and "Troublesome Tail Pipes." The booklets are suitable for elementary use, and are intended to…

Trash Conflicts: A Science and Social Studies Curriculum on the Ethics of Disposal. An Interdisciplinary Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ballin, Amy; And Others

Designed for middle school science and social studies classes, this document is a curriculum on waste disposal. Mathematics and language skills also are incorporated into many of the activities. In the study of trash disposal, science students benefit from understanding the social issues related to the problem. Social studies students need…

Trash to Treasure: Using Recyclables in Physical Activity Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, YuChun

2016-01-01

Americans produce approximately 250 million tons of trash every year, and almost 35 percent of those are of recyclable materials. There are over 1,200 landfills in the United States, and many have caused and will potentially cause significant damage to the environment. It is important for the next generation to know that what is perceived as…

Heat Melt Compactor Development Progress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jeffrey M.; Fisher, John W.; Pace, Gregory

2017-01-01

The status of the Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) development project is reported. HMC Generation 2 (Gen 2) has been assembled and initial testing has begun. A baseline mission use case for trash volume reduction, water recovery, trash sterilization, and the venting of effluent gases and water vapor to space has been conceptualized. A test campaign to reduce technical risks is underway. This risk reduction testing examines the many varied operating scenarios and conditions needed for processing trash during a space mission. The test results along with performance characterization of HMC Gen 2 will be used to prescribe requirements and specifications for a future ISS flight Technology Demonstration. We report on the current status, technical risks, and test results in the context of an ISS vent-to-space Technology Demonstration.

Call It Trash, Garbage or Refuse: Four Case Studies Illustrate Community Waste Management Options.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kazzi, John W.

1990-01-01

Describes four successful community programs dealing with waste management issues, developed with assistance from Keep America Beautiful System: litter prevention (Beatrice, Nebraska); composting yard waste (Centralia, Illinois); recycling (Lake Jackson, Texas); and waste-to-energy incineration (Gastonia, North Carolina). Notes related education…

Trash-to-Gas: Converting Space Trash into Useful Products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne J.; Hintze, Paul E.

2013-01-01

NASA's Logistical Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project is a collaborative effort in which NASA is determined to reduce total logistical mass through reduction, reuse and recycling of various wastes and components of long duration space missions and habitats. LRR is focusing on four distinct advanced areas of study: Advanced Clothing System, Logistics-to-Living, Heat Melt Compactor and Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG). The objective of TtSG is to develop technologies that convert material waste, human waste and food waste into high-value products. High-value products include life support oxygen and water, rocket fuels, raw material production feedstocks, and other energy sources. There are multiple pathways for converting waste to products involving single or multi-step processes. This paper discusses thermal oxidation methods of converting waste to methane. Different wastes, including food, food packaging, Maximum Absorbent Garments (MAGs), human waste simulants, and cotton washcloths have been evaluated in a thermal degradation reactor under conditions promoting pyrolysis, gasification or incineration. The goal was to evaluate the degradation processes at varying temperatures and ramp cycles and to maximize production of desirable products and minimize high molecular weight hydrocarbon (tar) production. Catalytic cracking was also evaluated to minimize tar production. The quantities of CO2, CO, CH4, and H2O were measured under the different thermal degradation conditions. The conversion efficiencies of these products were used to determine the best methods for producing desired products.

Trash to Gas: Converting Space Trash into Useful Products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nur, Mononita

2013-01-01

NASA's Logistical Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project is a collaborative effort in which NASA is determined to reduce total logistical mass through reduction, reuse and recycling of various wastes and components of long duration space missions and habitats. LRR is focusing on four distinct advanced areas of study: Advanced Clothing System, Logistics-to-Living, Heat Melt Compactor and Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG). The objective of TtSG is to develop technologies that convert material waste, human waste and food waste into high-value products. High-value products include life support oxygen and water, rocket fuels, raw material production feedstocks, and other energy sources. There are multiple pathways for converting waste to products involving single or multi-step processes. This paper discusses thermal oxidation methods of converting waste to methane. Different wastes, including food, food packaging, Maximum Absorbent Garments (MAGs), human waste simulants, and cotton washcloths have been evaluated in a thermal degradation reactor under conditions promoting pyrolysis, gasification or incineration. The goal was to evaluate the degradation processes at varying temperatures and ramp cycles and to maximize production of desirable products and minimize high molecular weight hydrocarbon (tar) production. Catalytic cracking was also evaluated to minimize tar production. The quantities of C02, CO, CH4, and H20 were measured under the different thermal degradation conditions. The conversion efficiencies of these products were used to determine the best methods for producing desired products.

2. CLOSEUP OF SOUTH FACADE OF UPPER FALLS GATE HOUSE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. CLOSEUP OF SOUTH FACADE OF UPPER FALLS GATE HOUSE, SHOWING TRASH RACKS, REMOVABLE STEEL DOORS, TRASH RAKE STRUCTURE, AND DERRICK, WINCH AND CABLE GATE LIFTING DEVICE, LOOKING SOUTH/SOUTHWEST. - Washington Water Power Spokane River Upper Falls Hydroelectric Development, Gate House, Spokane River, approximately 0.5 mile northeast of intersection of Spokane Falls Boulevard & Post Street, Spokane, Spokane County, WA

Looking east along the operating deck above the intake toward ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking east along the operating deck above the intake toward the Main Control Room. An evaporative-cooling system is to the left of the Control Room, and a motor-operated, geared trolly hoist and rake for removing debris from the trash rack is in the foreground - Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation System, Pumping Plant No. 1, Bounded by Gila River & Union Pacific Railroad, Wellton, Yuma County, AZ

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Central Ohio Turns Trash Into Natural Gas

Science.gov Websites

electric car. College Students Engineer Efficient Vehicles in EcoCAR 2 Competition Aug. 2, 2014 Photo of a Authority of Central Ohio turns trash into compressed natural gas for fleet fuel. For information about this FuelEconomy.gov. Provided by Maryland Public Television Related Videos Photo of a car Electric Vehicles Charge up

Management of marine cage aquaculture. Environmental carrying capacity method based on dry feed conversion rate.

PubMed

Cai, Huiwen; Sun, Yinglan

2007-11-01

Marine cage aquaculture produces a large amount of waste that is released directly into the environment. To effectively manage the mariculture environment, it is important to determine the carrying capacity of an aquaculture area. In many Asian countries trash fish is dominantly used in marine cage aquaculture, which contains more water than pellet feed. The traditional nutrient loading analysis is for pellet feed not for trash fish feed. So, a more critical analysis is necessary in trash fish feed culturing areas. Corresponding to FCR (feed conversion rate), dry feed conversion rate (DFCR) was used to analyze the nutrient loadings from marine cage aquaculture where trash fish is used. Based on the hydrodynamic model and the mass transport model in Xiangshan Harbor, the relationship between the water quality and the waste discharged from cage aquaculture has been determined. The environmental carrying capacity of the aquaculture sea area was calculated by applying the models noted above. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the water quality parameters considered in this study. The simulated results show that the maximum nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were 0.216 mg/L and 0.039 mg/L, respectively. In most of the sea area, the nutrient concentrations were higher than the water quality standard. The calculated environmental carrying capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xiangshan Harbor were 1,107.37 t/yr and 134.35 t/yr, respectively. The waste generated from cage culturing in 2000 has already exceeded the environmental carrying capacity. Unconsumed feed has been identified as the most important origin of all pollutants in cage culturing systems. It suggests the importance of increasing the feed utilization and improving the feed composition on the basis of nutrient requirement. For the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, it is an effective management measure to keep the stocking density and pollution loadings below the environmental carrying capacity. The DFCR-based nutrient loadings analysis indicates, in trash fish feed culturing areas, that it is more critical and has been proved to be a valuable loading calculation method. The modeling approach for Xiangshan Harbor presented in this paper is a cost-effective method for assessing the environmental impact and determining the capacity. Carrying capacity information can give scientific suggestions for the sustainable management of aquaculture environments. It has been proved that numerical models were convenient tools to predict the environmental carrying capacity. The development of models coupled with dynamic and aquaculture ecology is a requirement of further research. Such models can also be useful in monitoring the ecological impacts caused by mariculture activities.

Characterizing Early Adolescent Plate Waste Using the Mobile Food Record.

PubMed

Panizza, Chloe E; Boushey, Carol J; Delp, Edward J; Kerr, Deborah A; Lim, Eunjung; Gandhi, Krupa; Banna, Jinan C

2017-01-26

This study aimed to assess the amount of plate waste and how plate waste was disposed by early adolescent girls using a mobile food record (mFR). Participants were girls nine to thirteen years residing in O'ahu, Hawai'i ( n = 93). Foods selected and leftover were estimated using a three day mFR. Each leftover food was then classified as thrown into the trash, fed to a pet, eaten later, or other (e.g., composted). Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to adjust for multiple comparisons between times (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack) on leftover food and leftover food thrown into the trash. The percentage of food leftover and thrown into the trash was highest at lunch. The percentage of protein, grain, vegetables, fruit, and dairy leftover at lunch were unexpectedly low compared to previous studies. The median for percentage of food thrown into the trash at lunch was <5% for all food groups, and was consistently low across the day (<10%). Average energy intake was 436 kcal (±216) at lunch, and 80% of caregivers reported total household income as ≥$70,000. Studies in real-time using technology over full days may better quantify plate waste among adolescents.

Characterizing Early Adolescent Plate Waste Using the Mobile Food Record

PubMed Central

Panizza, Chloe E.; Boushey, Carol J.; Delp, Edward J.; Kerr, Deborah A.; Lim, Eunjung; Gandhi, Krupa; Banna, Jinan C.

2017-01-01

This study aimed to assess the amount of plate waste and how plate waste was disposed by early adolescent girls using a mobile food record (mFR). Participants were girls nine to thirteen years residing in O’ahu, Hawai’i (n = 93). Foods selected and leftover were estimated using a three day mFR. Each leftover food was then classified as thrown into the trash, fed to a pet, eaten later, or other (e.g., composted). Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to adjust for multiple comparisons between times (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack) on leftover food and leftover food thrown into the trash. The percentage of food leftover and thrown into the trash was highest at lunch. The percentage of protein, grain, vegetables, fruit, and dairy leftover at lunch were unexpectedly low compared to previous studies. The median for percentage of food thrown into the trash at lunch was <5% for all food groups, and was consistently low across the day (<10%). Average energy intake was 436 kcal (±216) at lunch, and 80% of caregivers reported total household income as ≥$70,000. Studies in real-time using technology over full days may better quantify plate waste among adolescents. PMID:28134757

Integrated waste and water management system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murray, R. W.; Sauer, R. L.

1986-01-01

The performance requirements of the NASA Space Station have prompted a reexamination of a previously developed integrated waste and water management system that used distillation and catalytic oxydation to purify waste water, and microbial digestion and incineration for waste solids disposal. This system successfully operated continuously for 206 days, for a 4-man equivalent load of urine, feces, wash water, condensate, and trash. Attention is given to synergisms that could be established with other life support systems, in the cases of thermal integration, design commonality, and novel technologies.

Work from waste.

PubMed

Eliah, E

2000-01-01

In Tanzania, rural residents are seeking better opportunities in the capital city of Dar-es-Salaam. This migration has generated problems, such as unplanned housing, low water supplies, and unemployment. In view of the competition in food processing, Mwanaidi Msosa and other members of the Kisutu Women Development Trust (KIWODET) sought financial returns in trash collecting. This paper reports how women workers are cleaning up their city, and breaking new ground in small-scale private sector employment. In 1998, 20 home-based workers from the KIWODET started ridding the city, as well as neighboring areas, of trash in exchange for money. When the Dar-es-Salaam City Commission privatized urban trash collection and street cleaning, KIWODET tendered with other contractors and organizations to operate in their neighborhood. Such an approach not only made the city cleaner, but has also created an estimate of 1000 new jobs. In addition, recycling was introduced as an attractive side-business.

Experimental study on hydraulic characteristic around trash rack of a pumping station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, MinZhe; Li, TongChun; Lin, XiangYang; Liu, XiaoQing; Ding, Yuan; Liu, GuangYuan

2017-11-01

This paper focuses on flow pattern around trash rack of intake of a pumping station project. This pumping station undertake the task of supplying up to 3,500,000 m3 water per day for a megacity. Considering the large flow rate, high lift, multi-pipe supply and long-time operation in this water conveyance pumping station, we built a physical model test to measure the flow velocity and observe the flow pattern to verify the reasonability of preliminary design. In this test, we set 3 layers of current meters around each trash rack of intake in reservoir to collect the flow velocity. Furthermore, we design 2 operating conditions of 9 pumps to observe the change of flow pattern. Finally, we found the velocity data were in a normal range under 2 different operating conditions of the 9 pump units.

78 FR 26339 - Exelon Generation Company, LLC; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing, Soliciting Motions To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must... capability of 28,000 cfs. Water flowing through the turbines is discharged via the draft tubes into the Susquehanna River adjacent to the powerhouse. The units are equipped with trash racks between the draft tube...

Waste-to-Energy Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

at hospitals, at schools,” or wherever there are people creating masses of trash.5 Pyrolytic Gasification Pyrolytic gasification is not a new...prevalent with both. Gasification is . . . the chemical reaction and molecular breakdown or degradation of materials. The first pyrolytic gasification...dealing with about 2 tons of mixed solid waste per day, will destroy wood, paper card, food, plastics, and sanitary, clinical, and oil waste and

Turning Gas into Greens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

Scientists from Cook College, Rutgers University, and Stevens Institute of Technology conducted studies to create an experimental greenhouse that uses methane from decomposing trash to fuel a system that makes food. Biogasses created by the anaerobically decomposing trash are necessary to fulfill the energy needs of this revolutionary greenhouse. The primary emission, methane, is piped to the greenhouse boiler and used to fuel the hot water heating system. Thus far, the use of biogas has drastically reduced the operating costs of the greenhouse, eliminating the need for non-renewable fuels. The biogas will also generate electricity for the greenhouse in the near future. The plants are irrigated with recycled plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. These nutrients are delivered through hydroponics, the cultivation of plants in a nutrient solution rather than in soil. High-pressure sodium lamps augment the natural light, thereby boosting production and reducing cropping time. A total of 16 hours of light are provided to the crop each day, year-round. It only takes about 90 days for a seed to germinate and produce a tomato harvest. Not only is the food produced faster, the manual labor needed for the upkeep of the plants is also drastically reduced.

Food Service and Nutritional Needs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerwin, J.

1985-01-01

The difficulty is that as we go into the Space Station world, the cost, effort, hardware, food trash, and food waste that the food service system will generate (which is quite tolerable on a 7 day mission), probably will be intolerable on a 90 day Space Station mission. The challenge in the food service supply is not so much packaging but systems engineering. The big constraints are in the supply pipeline. Those constraints and the possible tradeoffs are discussed.

Operational Test Report (OTR): On-Site Degradation of Oily Sludge in a Tenthousand Gallon Sequencing Batch Reactor at Navsta Pearl Harbor, HI

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-11-01

treated anaerobically . To accommodate the longer residence times needed to treat waste anaerobically , the capacity is often much larger than a...the receiving tank (T1), where it is diluted and run through a trash pump (P1) to produce a homogenous slurry. 3 Figure 1. Sequencing...blower provides air to the reactor and receiving tank. The trash pump is also used to transfer sludge to the reactor and to recirculate sludge in

Pulling History from the Waste Stream: Identification and Collection of Manhattan Project and Cold War Era Artifacts on the Hanford Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marceau, Thomas E.; Watson, Thomas L.

One man's trash is another man's treasure. Not everything called "waste" is meant for the refuse pile. The mission of the Curation Program is at direct odds with the remediation objectives of the Hanford Site. While others are busily tearing down and burying the Site's physical structures and their associated contents, the Curation Program seeks to preserve the tangible elements of the Site's history from these structures for future generations before they flow into the waste stream. Under the provisions of a Programmatic Agreement, Cultural Resources staff initiated a project to identify and collect artifacts and archives that have historicmore » or interpretive value in documenting the role of the Hanford Site throughout the Manhattan Project and Cold War Era. The genesis of Hanford's modern day Curation Program, its evolution over nearly two decades, issues encountered, and lessons learned along the way -- particularly the importance of upper management advocacy, when and how identification efforts should be accomplished, the challenges of working within a radiological setting, and the importance of first hand information -- are presented.« less

Odor Control Test Plan of the Urine Containment Bag (UCB) for Orion Utilization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Casper, Stephanie; Williams, Nicole M. M.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the odor containment of the urine containment bag (UCB), P/N SDD46107234-306 in an environment simulating a spacecraft capsule. The goal is to determine the time of odor break through and the acceptability of the odor, once break through occurs. The goal is to simulate, as close as possible, the volume ratio (trash to free volume), trash content (vomit, urine, feces, and food trash), humidity and temperature of the capsule. The goal for minimum break through is 48 hours (Orion Block 0) from the start of the test. The goal for acceptability of odor is 2 weeks (including docked ISS time for Orion Block 0). Two UCB's will be tested simultaneously in different chambers. The one UCB will be tested empty, serving as a control. Odor break through will be based upon the when the filled UCB total organics exceeds that of the control (empty UCB) by a level detectable by a human panel (approximately 2 ppm).

Space Station Freedom food management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitehurst, Troy N., Jr.; Bourland, Charles T.

1992-01-01

This paper summarizes the specification requirements for the Space Station Food System, and describes the system that is being designed and developed to meet those requirements. Space Station Freedom will provide a mix of frozen, refrigerated, rehydratable, and shelf stable foods. The crew will pre-select preferred foods from an approved list, to the extent that proper nutrition balance is maintained. A galley with freezers, refrigerators, trash compactor, and combination microwave and convection ovens will improve crew efficiency and productivity during the long Space Station Freedom (SSF) missions.

Space Station galley design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trabanino, Rudy; Murphy, George L.; Yakut, M. M.

1986-01-01

An Advanced Food Hardware System galley for the initial operating capability (IOC) Space Station is discussed. Space Station will employ food hardware items that have never been flown in space, such as a dishwasher, microwave oven, blender/mixer, bulk food and beverage dispensers, automated food inventory management, a trash compactor, and an advanced technology refrigerator/freezer. These new technologies and designs are described and the trades, design, development, and testing associated with each are summarized.

Treasure Na-ion anode from trash coke by adept electrolyte selection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabello, Marta; Chyrka, Taras; Klee, Rafael; Aragón, María J.; Bai, Xue; Lavela, Pedro; Vasylchenko, Gennadiy M.; Alcántara, Ricardo; Tirado, José L.; Ortiz, Gregorio F.

2017-04-01

Converting 'trash' waste residua to active functional materials 'treasure' with high added value is being regarded as a promising way to achieve the sustainable energy demands. Carbonaceous materials cannot insert sodium except when graphite co-intercalates solvents such as diglyme. Here, we show that petroleum coke and shale coke annealed at different temperatures can also insert sodium by reversible intercalation phenomena in a diglyme-based electrolyte. The structural and morphological studies will reveal significant differences justifying their distinct electrochemical behavior. Galvanostatic tests exhibit a flat plateau at about 0.7 V ascribable to the reversible reaction. At the end of the discharge, a Stage-I ternary intercalation compound is detected. Two diglyme molecules are co-intercalated per alkali ion, as evidenced by 1-D Patterson diagrams, FTIR and TGA analyses. The full sodium-ion cell made with P-2500/NaPF6(diglyme)/Na3V2(PO4)3 delivered an initial reversible capacity of 75 mA h g-1 at C rate and an average potential of 2.7 V. Thus, the full cell provides an energy density of 202 W h kg-1. This sodium-ion system can be considered a promising power source that encourages the potential use of low-cost energy storage systems.

Potential for electricity generation from biomass residues in Cuba

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lora, E.S.

The purpose of this paper is the study of the availability of major biomass residues in Cuba and the analysis of the electricity generation potential by using different technologies. An analysis of the changes in the country`s energy balance from 1988 up to date is presented, as well as a table with the availability study results and the energy equivalent for the following biomass residues: sugar cane bagasse and trash, rice and coffee husk, corn an cassava stalks and firewood. A total equivalent of 4.42 10{sup 6} tons/year of fuel-oil was obtained. Possible scenarios for the electricity production increase inmore » the sugar industry are presented too. The analysis is carried out for a high stream parameter CEST and two BIG/GT system configurations. Limitations are introduced about the minimal milling capacity of the sugar mills for each technology. The calculated {open_quotes}real{close_quotes} electricity generation potential for BIG/GT systems, based on GE LM5000 CC gas turbines, an actual cane harvest of 58.0 10{sup 6} tons/year, half the available trash utilization and an specific steam consumption of 210 kg/tc, was 18601,0 GWh/year. Finally different alternatives are presented for low-scale electricity generation based on the other available agricultural residues.« less

Statistical t Analysis for the Solution of Prediction Trash Management in Dusun Tanjung Sari Kec. Ngaglik Kab Sleman, Yogyakarta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salmahaminati; Husnaqilati, Atina; Yahya, Amri

2017-01-01

Trash management is one of the society participation to have a good hygiene for each area or nationally. Trash is known as the remainder of regular consumption that should be disposed to do waste processing which will be beneficial and improve the hygiene. The way to do is by sorting plastic which is processed into goods in accordance with the waste. In this study, we will know what are the factors that affect the desire of citizens to process the waste. The factors would have the identity and the state of being of each resident, having known of these factors will be the education about waste management, so it can be compared how the results of the extension by using preliminary data prior to the extension and the final data after extension. The analysis uses multiple logistic regression is the identify factors that influence people’s to desire the waste while the comparison results using t analysis. Data is derived from statistical instrument in the form of a questionnaire.

Evaluating increased effort for item disposal to improve recycling at a university.

PubMed

Fritz, Jennifer N; Dupuis, Danielle L; Wu, Wai-Ling; Neal, Ashley E; Rettig, Lisa A; Lastrapes, Renée E

2017-10-01

An evaluation of increased response effort to dispose of items was conducted to improve recycling at a university. Signs prompting individuals to recycle and notifying them of the location of trash and recycling receptacles were posted in each phase. During the intervention, trashcans were removed from the classrooms, and one large trashcan was available in the hallway next to the recycling receptacles. Results showed that correct recycling increased, and trash left in classrooms increased initially during the second intervention phase before returning to baseline levels. © 2017 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Identification and analysis the illegal dumping spot of solid waste at Ciliwung segment 5 riverbanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indrawati, D.; Purwaningrum, P.

2018-01-01

Ciliwung River is the main river in the area of Jakarta that is divided into six segments across West Java and Jakarta. The study focuses on the fifth segment which is 30 km long, covering from Kelapa Dua Depok to Manggarai, South Jakarta. The survey of the river consists of 3 sub-segments: Lenteng Agung, Pejaten Timur and Manggarai. Objectives of the study are to describe the characteristics and typology of the residential surrounding the Ciliwung Segment 5 Riverbank, to identification the illegal dumping spot of solid waste, to measure the volume and composition of solid waste in the riverbank, to decide solid waste management for residential area surrounding river banks to control the river pollution. The study shows that there are 11 illegal dumping spot of solid waste consisting of 4.37 m3 solid waste volume. The average composition of solid waste consists of 44% organic, 14% woods, 12% papers, 11% plastics, 3% rubbers, 1% metals and 2% others. To control the river pollution efforts are restoring the function of riverbanks to become green open space area, installing the trash rack into the river, to manage domestic solid waste based on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept.

Increasing a Community's Knowledge about Drought, Watershed Ecosystems, and Water Quality Through Educational Activities Added to Coastal Cleanup Day Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brinker, R.; Allen, L.; Cole, P.; Rho, C.

2016-12-01

International Coastal Cleanup Day, held each September, is an effective campaign to bring volunteers together to clean trash from beaches and waterways and document results. Over 500,000 participants cleared over 9 million pounds of trash in 2015. To build on the enthusiasm for this event, the city of Livermore, California's Water Resource Department, the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District, Livermore Area Recreation and Parks Department created a water education program to embed within the city's Coastal Cleanup Day events. Goals of the education program are to increase awareness of the local watershed and its geographic reach, impacts of climate change and drought on local water supplies, pollution sources and impacts of local pollution on the ocean, positive impacts of a recent plastic bag ban, water quality assessment, and action steps citizens can take to support a healthy watershed. Volunteers collect and test water samples (when water is in the creek) using modified GLOBE and World Water Monitoring Day protocols. Test results are uploaded to the World Water Monitoring Day site and documented on the program web site. Volunteers report that they did not know about watersheds, impacts of local pollution, and water quality components before the education program. Volunteers are encouraged to adopt a creek spot for one year, and continue to collect and document trash. High school and middle school science classes added the water quality testing into curriculum, and regularly visit creek sites to clean the spots and monitor habitats. Each year for the past five years, about 300 volunteers have worked on creek clean-up events, 20 have adopted creek sites, and collected over 4,000 gallons of trash annually. As a result of these efforts, sites have been downgraded from a trash hot spot of concern. Strategies will be shared to expand an established (or start a new) Coastal Cleanup Day event into a successful watershed and climate awareness citizen science program. Include are: Data collection and review; Watershed posters and maps created for the event; Water quality test kits, equipment and protocols; Promotional items; Uses of social media and apps; Connecting with teachers; Recruiting interns; Program costs and supporting agencies. Attendees should feel that the program could be duplicated at their location.

Catalytic Tar Reduction for Assistance in Thermal Conversion of Space Waste for Energy Production

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caraccio, Anne Joan; Devor, Robert William; Hintze, Paul E.; Muscatello, Anthony C.; Nur, Mononita

2014-01-01

The Trash to Gas (TtG) project investigates technologies for converting waste generated during spaceflight into various resources. One of these technologies was gasification, which employed a downdraft reactor designed and manufactured at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for the conversion of simulated space trash to carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be converted to methane for propulsion and water for life support systems. A minor byproduct of gasification includes large hydrocarbons, also known as tars. Tars are unwanted byproducts that add contamination to the product stream, clog the reactor and cause complications in analysis instrumentation. The objective of this research was to perform reduction studies of a mock tar using select catalysts and choose the most effective for primary treatment within the KSC downdraft gasification reactor. Because the KSC reactor is operated at temperatures below typical gasification reactors, this study evaluates catalyst performance below recommended catalytic operating temperatures. The tar reduction experimentation was observed by passing a model tar vapor stream over the catalysts at similar conditions to that of the KSC reactor. Reduction in tar was determined using gas chromatography. Tar reduction efficiency and catalyst performances were evaluated at different temperatures.

An evaluation of Skylab habitability hardware

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stokes, J.

1974-01-01

For effective mission performance, participants in space missions lasting 30-60 days or longer must be provided with hardware to accommodate their personal needs. Such habitability hardware was provided on Skylab. Equipment defined as habitability hardware was that equipment composing the food system, water system, sleep system, waste management system, personal hygiene system, trash management system, and entertainment equipment. Equipment not specifically defined as habitability hardware but which served that function were the Wardroom window, the exercise equipment, and the intercom system, which was occasionally used for private communications. All Skylab habitability hardware generally functioned as intended for the three missions, and most items could be considered as adequate concepts for future flights of similar duration. Specific components were criticized for their shortcomings.

Determining the Value of Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System (CPARS) Narratives for the Acquisition Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-15

of the following tasks: sweep floors daily, mop floors with soap and water one time per week, wax floors one time per quarter, remove trash from...officer, nor does he/she hold any contracting authority. The FAR specifically states that a COR “has no authority to make any commitments or...key requirements to make sure everyone has the same view of the performance requirements. The customer states that they want the vendor to check

Determining the Value of Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System (CPARS) Narratives for the Acquisition Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

sweep floors daily, mop floors with soap and water one time per week, wax floors one time per quarter, remove trash from garbage bins every Thursday...authority. The FAR specifically states that a COR “has no authority to make any commitments or changes that affect price, quality, quantity, delivery, or...to define key requirements to make sure everyone has the same view of the performance requirements. The customer states that they want the vendor

San Francisco Bay Area Base Line Trash Loading (25001 - 50000 gal/yr)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Marine debris degrades ocean habitats, endangers marine and coastal wildlife, causes navigation hazards, results in economic losses to industry and governments, and threatens human health and safety. EPA Pacific Southwest (Region 9) is tapping existing programs and resources to advance the prevention, reduction and clean-up of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. EPA Pacific Southwest activities build upon specific recommendations of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee by targeting threats and sources of debris and responding to debris impacts. EPA is initiating a three-pronged effort to reduce sources of marine debris, prevent trash from entering the oceans, and assess the human and ecosystem impacts and potential for cleanup.

San Francisco Bay Area Base Line Trash Loading (0-2500 gal/yr)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Marine debris degrades ocean habitats, endangers marine and coastal wildlife, causes navigation hazards, results in economic losses to industry and governments, and threatens human health and safety. EPA Pacific Southwest (Region 9) is tapping existing programs and resources to advance the prevention, reduction and clean-up of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. EPA Pacific Southwest activities build upon specific recommendations of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee by targeting threats and sources of debris and responding to debris impacts. EPA is initiating a three-pronged effort to reduce sources of marine debris, prevent trash from entering the oceans, and assess the human and ecosystem impacts and potential for cleanup.

San Francisco Bay Area Base Line Trash Loading (2501 - 5000 gal/yr)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Marine debris degrades ocean habitats, endangers marine and coastal wildlife, causes navigation hazards, results in economic losses to industry and governments, and threatens human health and safety. EPA Pacific Southwest (Region 9) is tapping existing programs and resources to advance the prevention, reduction and clean-up of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. EPA Pacific Southwest activities build upon specific recommendations of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee by targeting threats and sources of debris and responding to debris impacts. EPA is initiating a three-pronged effort to reduce sources of marine debris, prevent trash from entering the oceans, and assess the human and ecosystem impacts and potential for cleanup.

San Francisco Bay Area Base Line Trash Loading (5000 - 25000 gal/yr)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Marine debris degrades ocean habitats, endangers marine and coastal wildlife, causes navigation hazards, results in economic losses to industry and governments, and threatens human health and safety. EPA Pacific Southwest (Region 9) is tapping existing programs and resources to advance the prevention, reduction and clean-up of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. EPA Pacific Southwest activities build upon specific recommendations of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee by targeting threats and sources of debris and responding to debris impacts. EPA is initiating a three-pronged effort to reduce sources of marine debris, prevent trash from entering the oceans, and assess the human and ecosystem impacts and potential for cleanup.

San Francisco Bay Area Base Line Trash Reduction - over 50,000 gal/yr

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Marine debris degrades ocean habitats, endangers marine and coastal wildlife, causes navigation hazards, results in economic losses to industry and governments, and threatens human health and safety. EPA Pacific Southwest (Region 9) is tapping existing programs and resources to advance the prevention, reduction and clean-up of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. EPA Pacific Southwest activities build upon specific recommendations of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee by targeting threats and sources of debris and responding to debris impacts. EPA is initiating a three-pronged effort to reduce sources of marine debris, prevent trash from entering the oceans, and assess the human and ecosystem impacts and potential for cleanup.

Exploration Mission Benefits From Logistics Reduction Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James Lee, Jr.; Schlesinger, Thilini; Ewert, Michael K.

2016-01-01

Technologies that reduce logistical mass, volume, and the crew time dedicated to logistics management become more important as exploration missions extend further from the Earth. Even modest reductions in logical mass can have a significant impact because it also reduces the packing burden. NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems' Logistics Reduction Project is developing technologies that can directly reduce the mass and volume of crew clothing and metabolic waste collection. Also, cargo bags have been developed that can be reconfigured for crew outfitting and trash processing technologies to increase habitable volume and improve protection against solar storm events are under development. Additionally, Mars class missions are sufficiently distant that even logistics management without resupply can be problematic due to the communication time delay with Earth. Although exploration vehicles are launched with all consumables and logistics in a defined configuration, the configuration continually changes as the mission progresses. Traditionally significant ground and crew time has been required to understand the evolving configuration and locate misplaced items. For key mission events and unplanned contingencies, the crew will not be able to rely on the ground for logistics localization assistance. NASA has been developing a radio frequency identification autonomous logistics management system to reduce crew time for general inventory and enable greater crew self-response to unplanned events when a wide range of items may need to be located in a very short time period. This paper provides a status of the technologies being developed and there mission benefits for exploration missions.

Exploration Mission Benefits From Logistics Reduction Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James Lee, Jr.; Ewert, Michael K.; Schlesinger, Thilini

2016-01-01

Technologies that reduce logistical mass, volume, and the crew time dedicated to logistics management become more important as exploration missions extend further from the Earth. Even modest reductions in logistical mass can have a significant impact because it also reduces the packaging burden. NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems' Logistics Reduction Project is developing technologies that can directly reduce the mass and volume of crew clothing and metabolic waste collection. Also, cargo bags have been developed that can be reconfigured for crew outfitting, and trash processing technologies are under development to increase habitable volume and improve protection against solar storm events. Additionally, Mars class missions are sufficiently distant that even logistics management without resupply can be problematic due to the communication time delay with Earth. Although exploration vehicles are launched with all consumables and logistics in a defined configuration, the configuration continually changes as the mission progresses. Traditionally significant ground and crew time has been required to understand the evolving configuration and to help locate misplaced items. For key mission events and unplanned contingencies, the crew will not be able to rely on the ground for logistics localization assistance. NASA has been developing a radio-frequency-identification autonomous logistics management system to reduce crew time for general inventory and enable greater crew self-response to unplanned events when a wide range of items may need to be located in a very short time period. This paper provides a status of the technologies being developed and their mission benefits for exploration missions.

Postcards from the edge: Trash-2-Cash communication tools used to support inter-disciplinary work towards a design driven material innovation (DDMI) methodology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Earley, R.; Hornbuckle, R.

2017-10-01

In this paper postcards from the EU funded Horizon 2020 Trash-2-Cash (2015-2018) project - completed by workshop participants - are presented in three tables with a focus on how they contributed to the building of communication channels, shared understanding and methods in this inter-disciplinary consortium work. The Trash-2-Cash project aims to support better waste utilisation, improve material efficiency, contribute to reduction of landfill area needs, whilst also producing high-value commercial products. Novel materials will drive the generation of new textile fibres that will utilize paper and textile fibre waste, originating from continuously increasing textile consumption. The inter-disciplanarity of the participants is key to achieving the project aims - but communication between sectors is challenging due to diverse expertise and levels of experience; language and cultural differences can also be barriers to collaboration as well. Designing easy and accessible, even fun, communication tools are one of the ways to help build relationships. The cards reviewed were used in Prato (November 2015), Helsinki (February 2016) and London (November 2016). This paper concludes with insights for the ongoing development of the project communications work towards the Design Driven Material Innovation (DDMI) methodology, due to be presented at the end of the project in 2018.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simmons, M.; Johnson, Robert; McKinstry, C.

The construction of Grand Coulee and Chief Joseph dams on the Columbia River resulted in the complete extirpation of the anadromous fishery upstream of these structures. Today, this area is totally dependent upon resident fish resources to support local fisheries. The resident fishing is enhanced by an extensive stocking program for target species in the existing fishery, including kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss). The kokanee fishery in Lake Roosevelt has not been meeting the return goals set by fisheries managers despite the stocking program. Investigations of physical and biological factors that could affect the kokanee populationmore » found predation and entrainment had a significant impact on the fish population. In 1999 and 2000, walleye (Sander vitreum) consumed between 15% and 9%, respectively, of the hatchery kokanee within 41 days of their release, while results from a study in the late 1990s estimated that entrainment at Grand Coulee Dam could account for up to 30% of the total mortality of the stocked fish. To address the entrainment loss, the Bonneville Power Administration commissioned a study to determine if fish would avoid areas illuminated by strobe lights in the forebay of the third powerplant. This work was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in conjunction with the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Colville Confederated Tribes). From 2002 through 2004, six strobe lights were suspended in the center of the opening to the third powerplant forebay during summer months. Results from those studies indicated that fish appeared to be attracted to the illuminated area but only at night and when flow conditions within the third powerplant forebay were minimal. However, small but consistent results from these studies indicated that under high flow conditions, fish might be avoiding the lights. The 2005 study was designed to examine whether, under high flow conditions near the penstock openings, fish would avoid the lighted regions. Four omnidirectional strobe lights were deployed on the one trash rack directly in front of one turbine penstock. Seven splitbeam transducers were deployed to monitor fish approaching three penstock openings either from in front of the trash racks or moving down the dam behind the trash racks. Four key results emerged from the 2005 study. The results provide insight into the current level of entrainment and how fish respond to strobe lights under high flow conditions. First, very few fish were detected inside the trash racks. Of the more than 3,200 targets identified by the data processing, less than 100 were detected inside the trash racks. Only 23 fish were found inside the trash racks behind the strobe lights. Of those 21 fish, 13 were detected when the lights were on. Most of the fish detected behind the trash racks were above the turbine penstock but were headed downward. No fish were detected at night when minimal flows occurred between midnight and 4:00 a.m. Second, significantly more fish (P < 0.001) were detected in front of the trash racks when the lights were on at night. On a count-per-hour basis, the difference between lights off and lights on was apparent in the early morning hours at depths between 25 m and 50 m from the transducers. The lights were approximately 34 m below the splitbeam transducers, and fish detected at night with lights on were found at a median depth of approximately 35 m, compared to a median depth of from 20.6 to 23.5 m when the lights were off. The differences in depth between lights on and off at night were also significant (P < 0.001). Additionally, the increase in fish occurred only in front of the trash rack where the strobe lights were mounted; there was no increase in the number of detections by the transducers aimed away from the lights. Third, fish clearly manifested a behavioral response to the strobe lights during the day. When the lights were on, fish detected by three of the four transducers generally were swimming north, parallel to the face of the dam. However, the distribution of swimming directions for fish detected by the transducer immediately to the north of the lights was bimodal, with some fish swimming south toward the lighted region. This behavior was similar to that seen at night when the lights were on. Fourth, kokanee, rainbow trout, and walleye were detected near the strobe lights. Data were obtained from three sources: fish size from the hydroacoustic sensors and fish species from gill netting and video recording. Fish ranging in length from 30 to 600 mm (averaging 125 mm) were detected by the splitbeam transducers. There was little difference in target strength for fish detected above 25 m depth with respect to time of day or light treatment. Below 25 m and closer to the strobe lights, larger fish were present when the lights were on during the night, and smaller fish were present during the day.« less

Development of an advanced spacecraft water and waste materials processing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murray, R. W.; Schelkopf, J. D.; Middleton, R. L.

1975-01-01

An Integrated Waste Management-Water System (WM-WS) which uses radioisotopes for thermal energy is described and results of its trial in a 4-man, 180 day simulated space mission are presented. It collects urine, feces, trash, and wash water in zero gravity, processes the wastes to a common evaporator, distills and catalytically purifies the water, and separates and incinerates the solid residues using little oxygen and no chemical additives or expendable filters. Technical details on all subsystems are given along with performance specifications. Data on recovered water and heat loss obtained in test trials are presented. The closed loop incinerator and other projects underway to increase system efficiency and capacity are discussed.

The design and fabrication of a prototype trash compacting unit. [for long duration space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A prototype trash compactor, that is compatible with the anticipated requirements of future long-term space missions, is described. Preliminary problem definition studies were conducted to identify typical types and quantities of waste materials to be expected from a typical mission. Bench-scale compaction tests were then conducted on typical waste materials to determine force/compaction curves. These data were used to design a boilerplate compactor that was fabricated to prove the feasibility of the basic design concept. A final design was then prepared from which the deliverable unit was fabricated. Design concepts are presented for suggested further development of the compactor, including a version that is capable of handling wet biodegradable wastes.

Louisiana's statewide beach cleanup

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lindstedt, Dianne M.; Holmes, Joseph C.

1989-01-01

Litter along Lousiana's beaches has become a well-recognized problem. In September 1987, Louisiana's first statewide beach cleanup attracted about 3300 volunteers who filled 16,000 bags with trash collected along 15 beaches. An estimated 800,173 items were gathered. Forty percent of the items were made of plastic and 11% were of polystyrene. Of all the litter collected, 37% was beverage-related. Litter from the oil and gas, commercial fishing, and maritime shipping industries was found, as well as that left by recreational users. Although beach cleanups temporarily rid Louisiana beaches of litter, the real value of the effort is in public participation and education. Civic groups, school children, and individuals have benefited by increasing their awareness of the problems of trash disposal.

Shuttle waste management system design improvements and flight evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winkler, H. Eugene; Goodman, Jerry R.; Murray, Robert W.; Mcintosh, Mathew E.

1986-01-01

The Space Shuttle waste management system has undergone a variety of design changes to improve performance and man-machine interface. These design improvements have resulted in more reliable operation and hygienic usage. Design enhancements include individual urinals, increased urine collection airflows, increased solids storage capacity, easier access to personal hygiene items, and additional wet trash stowage. The development and flight evaluation of these improvements are described herein. The Space Shuttle Orbiter has proved to be an invaluable test bed for development and in-flight evaluation of life support and habitability concepts which involve transport or separation of solids, liquids, and gases in a zero-g environment.

Evaluation and comparison of alternative designs for water/solid-waste processing systems for spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spurlock, J. M.

1975-01-01

Promising candidate designs currently being considered for the management of spacecraft solid waste and waste-water materials were assessed. The candidate processes were: (1) the radioisotope thermal energy evaporation/incinerator process; (2) the dry incineration process; and (3) the wet oxidation process. The types of spacecraft waste materials that were included in the base-line computational input to the candidate systems were feces, urine residues, trash and waste-water concentrates. The performance characteristics and system requirements for each candidate process to handle this input and produce the specified acceptable output (i.e., potable water, a storable dry ash, and vapor phase products that can be handled by a spacecraft atmosphere control system) were estimated and compared. Recommendations are presented.

Carbon footprint of a music festival

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schafer, K. V.

2009-12-01

In an effort to curb CO2 and by extension, greenhouse gas emissions various initiatives have been taken statewide, nationally and internationally. However, benchmarks and metrics are not clearly defined for CO2 and CO2 equivalent accounting. The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon footprint of the Lincoln Park Music Festival which occurs annually in Newark, NJ. This festival runs for three days each summer and consists of music, food vendors, merchandise and a green marketplace. In order to determine the carbon footprint generated by transportation, surveys of participants were analyzed. Of the approximately 40,000 participants in 2009, 3.3% were surveyed. About 30% of respondents commuted to the festival by car with an average of 10 miles traveling distance. Transportation emission amounted to an estimated CO2 emission of 188 metric tons for all three days combined. Trash at the music festival was weighed, components estimated, and potential CO2 emission calculated if incinerated. 63% of the trash was found to be carbon based, which is the equivalent of three metric tons of CO2 if incinerated. The majority of the trash (>60%) could have been recycled, thus significantly reducing the carbon footprint. In order to limit the carbon footprint of this festival, alternative transport options would be advisable as transport accounted for the largest proportion of the carbon footprint at this festival.

23 CFR 751.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... not nonconforming junkyards. (b) Junk. Old or scrap metal, rope, rags, batteries, paper, trash, rubber... relative to Outdoor Advertising Control shall apply insofar as industrial zones are concerned. (e) Unzoned...

West Nile virus

MedlinePlus

... of standing water, such as trash bins and plant saucers (mosquitos breed in stagnant water) Community spraying for mosquitoes may also reduce mosquito breeding. Alternative Names Encephalitis - West Nile; Meningitis - West Nile ...

22 CFR 228.40 - Local procurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transaction does not exceed $5,000. (c) Professional services contracts estimated not to exceed the local... available locally: (1) Utilities, including fuel for heating and cooking, waste disposal and trash...

Hemovac drain

MedlinePlus

... of clean, unused medical gloves Five or six cotton swabs Gauze pads Clean soapy water Plastic trash ... redness, swelling, bad odor, or pus. Use a cotton swab dipped in the soapy water to clean ...

7 CFR 51.3415 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... or heat injury. Loose sprouts, dirt and foreign material means unattached sprouts or sprouts that become detached during the grading of the sample, stems, vines, adhering dirt, loose dirt, stones, trash...

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

Methylnaltrexone Injection

MedlinePlus

... puncture resistant container into the household trash or recycling. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about how ... to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in ...

Trash Free Seas Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Inouye, Daniel K. [D-HI

2011-05-26

Senate - 04/25/2012 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 367. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Conveying Environmental Issues with and through Art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abeles, K. V.

2016-12-01

Art has the ability to convey serious environmental issues, inspiring people to respond personally Kim Abeles is an artist who crosses disciplines and media to explore and map urban and global environments. She has exhibited with a unique range of collaborators including smog control agencies, science and natural history museums, and educational and healthcare professionals. Her work has been exhibited across the world. Since 1985, her art projects have explored topics including air and water pollution, refuse and recycling, and consumption. This presentation will discuss three unconventional art projects from inspiration to impact including results. Most can be replicated in any educational or community setting to increase understanding of environmental issues. Abeles's Smog Collector series makes images from polluted air, helping viewers to see the air they breathe in an accessible, engaging, and visceral way. In addition to exhibitions of this work in art museums and galleries, it has been displayed in vehicle emissions testing booths to increase awareness and behavior change, and the process has been taught as curriculum in schools. Abeles sees consumption as a primary problem that leads to environmental decay. Her Paper Person was made from the California Science Center's paper trash that was generated on a single day by their visitors (Earth Day 2009). The 40' x 48' sculpture is in the permanent collection of the CSC, and the text accompanying the artwork prompts visitors to consider bringing their lunches next time instead of buying fast food. Similarly, Paper Person (Harvard Westlake School) is a figurative sculpture made of one week of students' paper trash. Exhibited in the school's gallery, students were able to identify their own scraps, and to see how their consumption and trash adds up. When the artwork was exhibited, the school decided to change the way they handled their lunch preparation, bottled water, and trash. gallery-of-solutions was a recent Luckman Program project with students at California State University Los Angeles. It gave students the opportunity to create solutions in the form of visual art. By involving them in a physical, creative experience, several of them changed their own behaviors, responding to what they had learned.

Plastic Beaches: occurrence and accumulation of marine debris on barrier islands in the Gulf of Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wessel, C.; Albins, K.; Cebrian, J.

2016-02-01

Marine debris is any persistent solid material that is manufactured or processed and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned into the marine environment (33USC§1951). Marine debris is an economic, environmental, human health and aesthetic problem posing a complex challenge. Coastal communities are among the most seriously affected because of increased expenses for beach cleaning, public health and waste disposal, as well as a loss of income from decreased tourism. To better document this problem we are monitoring the occurrence and accumulation rate of marine debris on 6 barrier islands in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM). Surveys are conducted at low tide and consist of 100m-long transects along the shoreline extending from the water edge to the upland shoreline limit. All debris larger than 5 mm is collected and recorded. Debris is then sorted by material, and dry mass is recorded. With this information we are investigating four specific questions: (1) what are the major types and possible sources (land or ocean based) of shoreline debris; (2) does the rate of debris deposition onto the shoreline show seasonal oscillations; (3) how does debris deposition change from east to west in the nGoM; and (4) what are the possible causes of the temporal and spatial trends found (e.g. rainfall and runoff, human population, boat traffic)? During the first year of sampling we are beginning to see trends emerge. More trash consistently washes up on the ocean side versus the sound side of the barrier islands, which suggests either large amounts of trash in the nGoM is ocean-based debris, or it is driven by beach goers, or both. In addition, we have found a significant increase in the amount of trash on the shoreline during tourist/boating season (May to September), although trash items tend to be smaller in size during that season. At the presentation we will discuss these and other trends that emerge with a more complete data set.

Evaluation of the inclusion of soybean oil and soybean processing by-products to soybean meal on nutrient composition and digestibility in swine and poultry.

PubMed

Bruce, K J; Karr-Lilienthal, L K; Zinn, K E; Pope, L L; Mahan, D C; Fastinger, N D; Watts, M; Utterback, P L; Parsons, C M; Castaneda, E O; Ellis, M; Fahey, G C

2006-06-01

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of selected soybean (SB) processing byproducts (gums, oil, soapstock, weeds/trash) when added back to soybean meal (SBM) during processing on the resulting nutrient composition, protein quality, nutrient digestibility by swine, and true metabolizable energy (TMEn) content and standardized AA digestibility by poultry. To measure ileal DM and nutrient digestibility, pigs were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. The concentration of TMEn and the standardized AA digestibility by poultry were determined using the precision fed cecectomized rooster assay. Treatments in the swine experiment included SBM with no by-products; SBM with 1% gum; SBM with 3% gum; SBM with 0.5% soapstock; SBM with 1.5% soapstock; SBM with 2% weeds/trash; SBM with a combination of 3% gum, 1.5% soapstock, and 2% weeds/trash; SBM with 5.4% soybean oil; and roasted SB. A 10 x 10 Latin square design was utilized. The experiment was conducted at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and at The Ohio State University, Columbus. In the swine experiment, apparent ileal DM, OM, CP, and AA digestibilities were reduced (P < 0.05) when pigs consumed the combination by-product diet compared with the diet containing no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, CP, and total essential, total nonessential, and total AA were lower (P < 0.05) for any diet containing by-products compared with the diet with no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and AA were lower (P < 0.05) for the roasted SB-compared with the SB oil-containing diet. In the rooster experiment, TMEn values were greater (P < 0.05) for roasted SB compared with SBM with no by-products and increased linearly as the addition of soapstock increased. Individual, total essential, total nonessential, and total AA digestibilities were lower (P < 0.05) for roosters fed roasted SB versus SBM devoid of by-products. Gums, soapstock, and weeds/trash reduce the nutritive value of the resultant meal when they are added back during processing.

Closed suction drain with bulb

MedlinePlus

... to shower, clean the area with a washcloth, cotton swabs, or gauze. If you do have a ... clean, unused, sterile medical gloves Five or six cotton swabs Gauze pads Clean soapy water Plastic trash ...

Trash-to-Gas: Using Waste Products to Minimize Logistical Mass During Long Duration Space Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hintze, Paul E.; Caraccio, A. J.; Anthony, S. M.; Tsoras, A. N.; Devor, Robert; Captain, James G.; Nur, Mononita

2013-01-01

Just as waste-to-energy processes utilizing municipal landftll and biomass wastes are finding increased terrestrial uses, the Trash-to-Gas (TtG) project seeks to convert waste generated during spaceflight into high value commodities. These include methane for propulsion and water for life support in addition to a variety of other gasses. TtG is part of the Logistic Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project under the NASA Advanced Exploration Systems Program. The LRR project will enable a largely mission-independent approach to minimize logistics contributions to total mission architecture mass. LRR includes technologies that reduce the amount of consumables that need to be sent to space, repurpose items sent to space, or convert wastes to commodities. Currently, waste generated on the International Space Station is stored inside a logistic module which is de-orbited into Earth's atmosphere for destruction. The waste consists of food packaging, food, clothing and other items. This paper will discuss current results on incineration as a waste processing method. Incineration is part of a two step process to produce methane from waste: first the waste is converted to carbon oxides; second, the carbon oxides are fed to a Sabatier reactor where they are converted to methane. The quantities of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and water were measured under the different thermal degradation conditions. The overall carbon conversion efficiency and water recovery are discussed

Trash-to-Gas: Using Waste Products to Minimize Logistical Mass During Long Duration Space Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hintze, Paul. E.; Caraccio, Anne J.; Anthony, Stephen M.; Tsoras, Alexandra N.; Nur, Monoita; Devor, Robert; Captain, James G.

2013-01-01

Just as waste-to-energy processes utilizing municipal landftll and biomass wastes are finding increased terrestrial uses, the Trash-to-Gas (TtG) project seeks to convert waste generated during spaceflight into high value commodities. These include methane for propulsion and water for life support in addition to a variety of other gasses. TtG is part of the Logistic Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) project under the NASA Advanced Exploration Systems Program. The LRR project will enable a largely mission-independent approach to minimize logistics contributions to total mission architecture mass. LRR includes technologies that reduce the amount of consumables that need to be sent to space, repurpose items sent to space, or convert wastes to commodities. Currently, waste generated on the International Space Station is stored inside a logistic module which is de-orbited into Earth's atmosphere for destruction. The waste consists of food packaging, food, clothing and other items. This paper will discuss current results on incineration as a waste processing method. Incineration is part of a two step process to produce methane from waste: first the waste is converted to carbon oxides; second, the carbon oxides are fed to a Sabatier reactor where they are converted to methane. The quantities of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and water were measured under the different thermal degradation conditions. The overall carbon conversion efficiency and water recovery are discussed.

46 CFR 115.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... for certification and at every other vessel inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a...

46 CFR 115.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... for certification and at every other vessel inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a...

46 CFR 115.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for certification and at every other vessel inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a...

Environmental Activism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walters, Eric A.; Micciulla, Tara; Parada, Andrea; Pellegrino, Nicole

1998-01-01

Describes student work in collecting data about the Fresh Kills landfill in Staten Island and how their research contributed to the decision to close the landfill. Includes discussion of research into other trash alternatives for the area. (DDR)

Race, Reparations, and Free Expression.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brownstein, Andrew

2001-01-01

Describes how a controversial newspaper ad opposing slavery reparations and the subsequent trashing of the student daily have set off a debate at Brown University about the competing values of sensitivity and free expression. (EV)

46 CFR 115.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for certification and at every other vessel inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a...

46 CFR 115.830 - Unsafe practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... for certification and at every other vessel inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other matter that might create a...

16 CFR 260.3 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... not separated from other trash at the landfill or incinerator for recycling, they are highly unlikely to be used again for any purpose. Even if the bag is technically capable of being recycled, the claim...

16 CFR 260.3 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... not separated from other trash at the landfill or incinerator for recycling, they are highly unlikely to be used again for any purpose. Even if the bag is technically capable of being recycled, the claim...

Risk assessment of residual DDTs in freshwater and marine fish cultivated around the Pearl River Delta, China.

PubMed

Leung, S Y; Kwok, C K; Nie, X P; Cheung, K C; Wong, M H

2010-02-01

Six species of freshwater fish collected from 10 fishponds in Shunde and Zhongshan, China, four species of marine fishes collected from different mariculture farms [four in Hong Kong (Tung Lung Chau, Ma Wan, Cheung Chau and Kat O) and two in mainland China (Daya Bay and Shenzhen)] together with feed (both trash fish and commercial pellets) and sediment were analyzed for DDTs. Total DDTs in freshwater fish flesh decreased in the order of: carnivores [1742 microg/kg lipid weight (l.w.)] > herbivores (165 microg/kg, l.w.) > omnivores (42.5 microg/kg, l.w.), with the highest concentration detected in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) (2641 microg/kg, l.w.). For marine fish, snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) and orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) collected in Ma Wan contained elevated levels of total DDTs (2590 and 2034 microg/kg l.w., respectively). Trash fish used in both freshwater and marine fish farms contained significantly higher levels (86.5-641 microg/kg l.w.) (p < 0.05) of DDTs than in commercial pellets, but correlations between DDT levels in fish feed and muscle were not significant. The elevated biota-sediment accumulating factor for tilapia (Tilapia mossambicus) (24.1) indicated that accumulation of DDTs from sediment to the fish was evident. It can be concluded that trash fish should not be used for fish culture in order to lower the level of residual DDTs in fish muscle.

Docking Mechanism on Progress 52

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-03

ISS038-E-041175 (3 Feb. 2014) --- This close-up view shows the docking mechanism of the unpiloted Russian ISS Progress 52 resupply ship as it undocks from the International Space Station's Pirs Docking Compartment at 11:21 a.m. (EST) on Feb. 3, 2014. The Progress backed away to a safe distance from the orbital complex to begin several days of tests to study thermal effects of space on its attitude control system. Filled with trash and other unneeded items, the Russian resupply ship will be commanded to re-enter Earth's atmosphere Feb. 11 and disintegrate harmlessly over the Pacific Ocean.

Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bag

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James; Baccus, Shelley

2014-01-01

The Logistics Reduction (LR) project within the Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) program is tasked with reducing logistical mass and repurposing logistical items. Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags (MCTB) have been designed such that they can serve the same purpose as a Cargo Transfer Bag, the suitcase-shaped common logistics carrying bag for Shuttle and the International Space Station. After use as a cargo carrier, a regular CTB becomes trash, whereas the MCTB can be unzipped, unsnapped, and unfolded to be reused. Reuse ideas that have been investigated include partitions, crew quarters, solar radiation storm shelters, acoustic blankets, and forward osmosis water processing.

Microbial Characterization Space Solid Wastes Treated with a Heat Melt Compactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strayer, Richard F.; Hummerick, Mary E.; Richards, Jeffrey T.; McCoy LaShelle E.; Roberts, Michael S.; Wheeler, Raymond M.

2012-01-01

The on going purpose of the project efforts was to characterize and determine the fate of microorganisms in space-generated solid wastes before and after processing by candidate solid waste processing. For FY 11, the candidate technology that was assessed was the Heat Melt Compactor (HMC). The scope included five HMC. product disks produced at ARC from either simulated space-generated trash or from actual space trash, Volume F compartment wet waste, returned on STS 130. This project used conventional microbiological methods to detect and enumerate microorganisms in heat melt compaction (HMC) product disks as well as surface swab samples of the HMC hardware before and after operation. In addition, biological indicators were added to the STS trash prior to compaction in order to determine if these spore-forming bacteria could survive the HMC processing conditions, i.e., high temperature (160 C) over a long duration (3 hrs). To ensure that surface dwelling microbes did not contaminate HMC product disk interiors, the disk surfaces were sanitized with 70% alcohol. Microbiological assays were run before and after sanitization and found that sanitization greatly reduced the number of identified isolates but did not totally eliminate them. To characterize the interior of the disks, ten 1.25 cm diameter core samples were aseptically obtained for each disk. These were run through the microbial characterization analyses. Low counts of bacteria, on the order of 5 to 50 per core, were found, indicating that the HMC operating conditions might not be sufficient for waste sterilization. However, the direct counts were 6 to 8 orders of magnitude greater, indicating that the vast majority of microbes present in the wastes were dead or non-cultivable. An additional indication that the HMC was sterilizing the wastes was the results from the added commercial spore test strips to the wastes prior to HMC operation. Nearly all could be recovered from the HMC disks post-operation and all were showed negative growth when run through the manufacturer's protocol, meaning that the 106 or so spores impregnated into the strips were dead. Control test strips, i.e., not exposed to the HMC conditions were all strongly positive. One area of concern is that the identities of isolates from the cultivable counts included several human pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus. The project reported here provides microbial characterization support to the Waste Management Systems element of the Life Support and Habitation Systems program.

77 FR 51561 - Notice of Temporary Restriction Order for Skinny Dipper Hot Springs, Boise County, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

..., which creates the potential for environmental contamination. Many secondary effects associated with the primary activities are causing direct resource harm. These impacts include trash (glass, cans, food...

4. NORTH REAR, CONTROL TOWER AND CONTROL HOUSE, SHOWING INTAKE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. NORTH REAR, CONTROL TOWER AND CONTROL HOUSE, SHOWING INTAKE STRUCTURE TRASH RACKS BELOW. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

Don't Teach Your Trash to Swim.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heide, Kathleen; And Others

1989-01-01

Describes the Newport, Oregon, demonstration marine refuse disposal project and its applicability to other ports and communities. Explains community education and support, refuse collection and recycling, support by fishermen, and the marine pollution international treaty. (RT)

Recycling Research. Tracking Trash.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeLago, Louise Furia

1991-01-01

An activity in which students research the effectiveness of recycling is presented. Students compare the types and amount of litter both before and after recycling is implemented. Directions for the activity and a sample data sheet are included. (KR)

Analysis of an algae-based CELSS. I - Model development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holtzapple, Mark T.; Little, Frank E.; Makela, Merry E.; Patterson, C. O.

1989-01-01

A steady state chemical model and computer program have been developed for a life support system and applied to trade-off studies. The model is based on human demand for food and oxygen determined from crew metabolic needs. The model includes modules for water recycle, waste treatment, CO2 removal and treatment, and food production. The computer program calculates rates of use and material balance for food, O2, the recycle of human waste and trash, H2O, N2, and food production/supply. A simple noniterative solution for the model has been developed using the steady state rate equations for the chemical reactions. The model and program have been used in system sizing and subsystem trade-off studies of a partially closed life support system.

Analysis of an algae-based CELSS. Part 1: model development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holtzapple, M. T.; Little, F. E.; Makela, M. E.; Patterson, C. O.

1989-01-01

A steady state chemical model and computer program have been developed for a life support system and applied to trade-off studies. The model is based on human demand for food and oxygen determined from crew metabolic needs. The model includes modules for water recycle, waste treatment, CO2 removal and treatment, and food production. The computer program calculates rates of use and material balance for food. O2, the recycle of human waste and trash, H2O, N2, and food production supply. A simple non-iterative solution for the model has been developed using the steady state rate equations for the chemical reactions. The model and program have been used in system sizing and subsystem trade-off studies of a partially closed life support system.

LANL OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH THE WAND AND HERCULES PROTOTYPE SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

K. M. GRUETZMACHER; C. L. FOXX; S. C. MYERS

2000-09-01

The Waste Assay for Nonradioactive Disposal (WAND) and the High Efficiency Radiation Counters for Ultimate Low Emission Sensitivity (HERCULES) prototype systems have been operating at Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL's) Solid Waste Operation's (SWO'S) non-destructive assay (NDA) building since 1997 and 1998, respectively. These systems are the cornerstone of the verification program for low-density Green is Clean (GIC) waste at the Laboratory. GIC waste includes all non-regulated waste generated in radiological controlled areas (RCAS) that has been actively segregated as clean (i.e., nonradioactive) through the use of waste generator acceptable knowledge (AK). The use of this methodology alters LANL's pastmore » practice of disposing of all room trash generated in nuclear facilities in radioactive waste landfills. Waste that is verified clean can be disposed of at the Los Alamos County Landfill. It is estimated that 50-90% of the low-density room trash from radioactive material handling areas at Los Alamos might be free of contamination. This approach avoids the high cost of disposal of clean waste at a radioactive waste landfill. It also reduces consumption of precious space in the radioactive waste landfill where disposal of this waste provides no benefit to the public or the environment. Preserving low level waste (LLW) disposal capacity for truly radioactive waste is critical in this era when expanding existing radioactive waste landfills or permitting new ones is resisted by regulators and stakeholders. This paper describes the operating experience with the WAND and HERCULES since they began operation at SWO. Waste for verification by the WAND system has been limited so far to waste from the Plutonium Facility and the Solid Waste Operations Facility. A total of461 ft3 (13.1 m3) of low-density shredded waste and paper have been verified clean by the WAND system. The HERCULES system has been used to verify waste from four Laboratory facilities. These are the Solid Waste Operations Facility, the TA-48 Chemistry Facility, the Shops Facility, and the Environmental Facility. A total of 3150 ft3 (89.3 m3) of low-density waste has been verified clean by the HERCULES system.« less

Research notes : monitoring water quality along highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-12-01

Runoff from highways typically picks up a variety of pollutants from the roadway. These pollutants include sediment, trash, residue from petroleum products, and heavy metals. Depending on the highway and its geographic setting, highway runoff can eva...

Down at the Dump.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markle, Sandra

1988-01-01

Using the problem of trash disposal as an example, students participate in science activities designed to develop the following science skills: classifying, observing, measuring, communicating, inferring, and predicting. Activities are described in detail and a reproducible page is provided. (JL)

Evaluation of high trash corridors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-03-01

The objectives of this study were to: a) determine a procedure to use to identify corridors in each highway district for which a detailed analysis of crash data should be conducted (with resulting increased law enforcement activities, education progr...

Best Way to Get Rid of Used Needles and Other Sharps

MedlinePlus

... other options are not available. If traveling by plane, check the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) website for ... be thrown away in the common trash. Additional Consumer Information How to Get Rid of a Sharps ...

Integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash.

PubMed

Dias, Marina O S; Junqueira, Tassia L; Cavalett, Otávio; Cunha, Marcelo P; Jesus, Charles D F; Rossell, Carlos E V; Maciel Filho, Rubens; Bonomi, Antonio

2012-01-01

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is often conceived considering independent, stand-alone production plants; in the Brazilian scenario, where part of the potential feedstock (sugarcane bagasse) for second generation ethanol production is already available at conventional first generation production plants, an integrated first and second generation production process seems to be the most obvious option. In this study stand-alone second generation ethanol production from surplus sugarcane bagasse and trash is compared with conventional first generation ethanol production from sugarcane and with integrated first and second generation; simulations were developed to represent the different technological scenarios, which provided data for economic and environmental analysis. Results show that the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane leads to better economic results when compared with the stand-alone plant, especially when advanced hydrolysis technologies and pentoses fermentation are included. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): USA Aberdeen, Operable Unit One, Michaelsville, MD. (Second remedial action), June 1992

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-06-30

The 20-acre USA Aberdeen Michaelsville Landfill is a municipal landfill located along the Chesapeake Bay in Harford County, Maryland. The site is in the northern portion of the Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) in the Aberdeen Area (AA) between Michaelsville Road and Trench Warfare Road. The majority of materials reportedly disposed of at the site included domestic trash, trash from nonindustrial sources at APG, solvents, waste motor oils, PCB transformer oils, wastewater treatment sludges, pesticides containing thallium, insecticides containing selenium, and rodenticides containing antimony. The ROD addresses protection of the ground water by minimizing leachate flow and preventing current or futuremore » exposure to waste materials as the first of two OUs planned for the site. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil are organics, including pesticides; and metals, including chromium and lead.« less

Children's Health Curriculum Lesson 6: Keeping All of Our Waterways Clean

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This lesson helps kids understand the importance of water in our lives and describes the life cycle of freshwater. It also discusses how to keep trash from getting in storm drains and polluting our waterways.

Why a Trash-Strewn Lot Became a Soccer Field.

PubMed

Romano, Michael

2016-07-01

Five years ago, a coalition of community groups, government agencies and nonprofit organizations was struggling to reduce violent behavior and delinquency among under- privileged youths in a low-income suburban neighborhood about 15 miles north of Tacoma, Washington.

Up, Up and Away.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markle, Sandra

1988-01-01

Kite flying as a fun class project is proposed as a way of letting students apply what they've learned about air. A design for a kite made from a trash bag is provided, as are kite flying tips and resources. (MT)

Recycling and Disposal of CFLs and Other Bulbs that Contain Mercury

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Consumers can help prevent the release of mercury into the environment by taking advantage of available local options for recycling CFLs and other household hazardous wastes, rather than disposing of them in regular household trash.

Comparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis - A systems analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holtzapple, Mark T.; Little, Frank E.

1989-01-01

A steady state model of a closed environmental system has been developed which includes higher plant growth for food production, and is designed to allow wastes to be combusted or electrolyzed. The stoichiometric equations have been developed to evaluate various trash compositions, food items (both stored and produced), metabolic rates, and crew sizes. The advantages of waste electrolysis versus combustion are: (1) oxygen is not required (which reduces the load on the oxygen producing system); (2) the CO2 and H2 products are produced in pure form (reducing the load on the separators); and (3) nitrogen is converted to nitrate (which is directly usable by plants). Weight tradeoff studies performed using this model have shown that waste electrolysis reduces the life support weight of a 4-person crew by 1000 to 2000 kg.

7. EXTERIOR OF POWER PLANT BUILDING LOOKING NORTHWEST. DETAIL OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. EXTERIOR OF POWER PLANT BUILDING LOOKING NORTHWEST. DETAIL OF TRASH RACK IN FOREGROUND. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

DISPOSE OF WASTES, AN AID TO EXTENSION AND VILLAGE WORKERS IN MANY COUNTRIES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

HUGHES, KATHRYNE S.

THE BOOKLET DESCRIBES IN DETAIL THE CORRECT METHODS OF DISPOSING OF WASTE MATERIALS, INCLUDING TRASH, GARBAGE, WASTE WATER, HUMAN EXCRETA, AND ANIMAL WASTES. COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FOR DIGGING, BUILDING, AND CLEANING ARE GIVEN UNDER EACH TOPIC. (CL)

Solid Waste: Health Concerns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duel, Ward

1975-01-01

In this article the means of disposing solid wastes are discussed with reference to their health hazards and environmental desirability. Included in the discussion are solid waste dumps, landfills, incinerators, and grinders. Some attention is given to the reclamation of mineral resources from trash. (MA)

View from airlock hatch looking down length of Orbiting Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Photograph taken from the hatch into the airlock module looking the length of the Skylab Orbital Workshop. Skylab 4 Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, science pilot, and Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, commander, look up the passageway with trash bags around them.

24 CFR 982.517 - Utility allowance schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., the PHA also must provide any information or procedures used in preparation of the schedule. (b) How... services according to the following general categories: space heating; air conditioning; cooking; water heating; water; sewer; trash collection (disposal of waste and refuse); other electric; refrigerator (cost...

Fourier transform spectroscopy of cotton and cotton trash

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fourier Transform techniques have been shown to have higher signal-to-noise capabilities, higher throughput, negligible stray light, continuous spectra, and higher resolution. In addition, FT spectroscopy affords for frequencies in spectra to be measured all at once and more precise wavelength calib...

Body Snatchers.

PubMed

Andrews, Michelle

2016-10-01

Medical identity theft--when someone steals your personal data to get prescription drugs, doctor care, or surgery--is dramatically on the rise. Such a crime can endanger your own treatment and trash your finances. Learn who's most at risk and how to protect yourself from becoming a victim.

Sustainable School Music for Poor, White, Rural Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bates, Vincent C.

2011-01-01

"Poor white trash" is likely the most enduring and degrading in a long line of "stigmatypes"--"stigmatizing boundary terms that simultaneously denote and enact cultural and cognitive divides between in-groups and out-groups"--such as "redneck," "cracker," and "hillbilly." Some people…

76 FR 36527 - Alabama Power Company (Alabama Power); Notice of Application Tendered for Filing With the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... elevation of 491 feet mean sea level (msl); (3) headworks containing four steel penstocks and 12 intake gates, each fitted with trash racks; (4) a brick and concrete, steel-frame powerhouse, 307 feet long, 58...

Primary Place. Math Projects That Count.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buschman, Larry; And Others

1993-01-01

Offers elementary math-centered recycling activities and ideas on transforming throwaways into valuable classroom resources. The math activities teach estimating, counting, measuring, weighing, graphing, patterning, thinking, comparing, proportion, and dimensions. The recycling ideas present ways to use pieces of trash to create educational games.…

75 FR 71428 - Clean River Power 14, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

...-foot-high reinforced concrete intake structure adjacent to the Martin Creek weir with a trash rack... rack, fish screen, and closure gate; (7) an approximately 0.1-acre impoundment created by the Kelley...

The role of the National Launch System in support of Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, J. L.; Saucillo, R. J.; Cirillo, W. M.

1992-01-01

A study was performed to determine the most appropriate potential use of the National Launch System (NLS) for Space Station Freedom (SSF) logistics resupply and growth assembly needs. Objectives were to estimate earth-to-SSF cargo requirements, identify NLS sizing trades, and assess operational constraints of a shuttle and NLS transportation infrastructure. Detailed NLS and Shuttle flight manifests were developed to model varying levels of NLS support. NLS delivery of SSF propellant, and in some cases, cryoenic fluids, yield significant shuttle flight savings with minimum impact to the baseline SSF design. Additional cargo can be delivered by the NLS if SSF trash disposal techniques are employed to limit return cargo requirements. A common vehicle performance level can be used for both logistics resupply and growth hardware delivery.

Poor neighborhoods: safe playgrounds.

PubMed

Powell, Elizabeth C; Ambardekar, Erin J; Sheehan, Karen M

2005-09-01

Although unstructured physical play is helpful to child development and physical activity is important to obesity prevention, up-to-date information about playgrounds and playground hazards in urban areas is limited. Local data are needed to identify problems and target interventions. The aim of this study was to describe the hazards in playgrounds located in low-income (median dollars 28,728-38,915) and very low-income (median dollars 18,266-18,955) Chicago neighborhoods. Using a standardized on-site survey (National Program for Playground Safety), two investigators reviewed seventy-eight public playgrounds for hazards related to playground design, safe surfaces, supervision, and equipment design and maintenance. The design of 56 playgrounds (72%) posed no hazards. One playground lacked protection from motor vehicles, and 21 had minor flaws. One playground had an asphalt surface; all others had protective surfaces, usually wood chips. The chips were too thin in many places, and in 15 playgrounds (19%), at least one concrete footing was exposed. Trash was a common surface hazard (68%). Although most equipment was safe (swings of soft materials and appropriate platform barriers), many pieces needed repairs. Equipment maintenance hazards included gaps (44%) and missing (38%) or broken parts (35%). In 13 of 39 playgrounds (33%) where children were observed playing, one or more were unsupervised. Playgrounds in very low-income neighborhoods more often had trash in the fall zone and exposed footings (P<.01 for each); there were no differences between low and very low-income neighborhoods in playground design or equipment maintenance. We conclude that playgrounds in low-income Chicago neighborhoods are of good design and have appropriate surfaces. Needed improvements include attention to wood chip depth, the removal of trash from the fall zone, and equipment repairs. Greater adult supervision is warranted.

Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kristan, William B.; Boarman, William I.; Crayon, John J.

2004-01-01

Common ravens (Corvus corax) are human-subsidized scavengers and predators in the Mojave Desert. They have increased dramatically in number and have been implicated as contributors to the decline in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations. Known patterns of increased fledging success near human developments suggested that food was the most likely resource subsidy received by ravens. Because ravens are opportunistic foragers with a generalist diet, we predicted that the types of resource subsidy provided by different kinds of human developments should be reflected in measures of diet composition of breeding ravens. We estimated diet composition from contents of raven pellets collected at nests and related diet composition to distance of the nests from roads and point sources of resource subsidies, such as towns or landfills. Ravens that nested close to point subsidies far from major roads had the greatest incidence of trash in their diets. Ravens that nested close to roads but far from point subsidies had a low incidence of trash and a higher incidence of presumably road-killed mammals and reptiles. Ravens far from both roads and point subsidies had more plant material and arthropods, and ravens close to both roads and point subsidies had more birds and amphibians. Diet diversity was not related to distance from roads or developments. Fledging success was correlated with diet composition, such that birds with diets consistent with trash or road-kill subsidies fledged the greatest number of chicks. Our results suggest that ravens forage opportunistically on foods available near their nests, and different kinds of human developments contribute different foods. Improved management of landfills and highway fencing to reduce road-kills may help slow the growth of raven populations in the Mojave.

Comparison of recycling outcomes in three types of recycling collection units.

PubMed

Andrews, Ashley; Gregoire, Mary; Rasmussen, Heather; Witowich, Gretchen

2013-03-01

Commercial institutions have many factors to consider when implementing an effective recycling program. This study examined the effectiveness of three different types of recycling bins on recycling accuracy by determining the percent weight of recyclable material placed in the recycling bins, comparing the percent weight of recyclable material by type of container used, and examining whether a change in signage increased recycling accuracy. Data were collected over 6 weeks totaling 30 days from 3 different recycling bin types at a Midwest University medical center. Five bin locations for each bin type were used. Bags from these bins were collected, sorted into recyclable and non-recyclable material, and weighed. The percent recyclable material was calculated using these weights. Common contaminates found in the bins were napkins and paper towels, plastic food wrapping, plastic bags, and coffee cups. The results showed a significant difference in percent recyclable material between bin types and bin locations. Bin type 2 was found to have one bin location to be statistically different (p=0.048), which may have been due to lack of a trash bin next to the recycling bin in that location. Bin type 3 had significantly lower percent recyclable material (p<0.001), which may have been due to lack of a trash bin next to the recycling bin and increased contamination due to the combination of commingled and paper into one bag. There was no significant change in percent recyclable material in recycling bins post signage change. These results suggest a signage change may not be an effective way, when used alone, to increase recycling compliance and accuracy. This study showed two or three-compartment bins located next to a trash bin may be the best bin type for recycling accuracy. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 44604 - Draft Anacostia Park Wetland and Resident Canada Goose Management Plan/Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... the current wetland and goose management techniques which include: Invasive species management, trash... techniques. Proposed extensive wetland restoration opportunities could include: Managing invasive species.... Some of the wetland management techniques could include managing invasive species and [[Page 44605...

Alternative Fuel Trucks Case Studies: Running Refuse Haulers on Compressed Natural Gas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

Since 1992 the CNG trash trucks have accumulated more than 60,000 miles in : regular service in the New York City fleet. Overall, their performance has been : excellent. The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) at the Department of : Energy's Nationa...

Contamination sources, prevention, and research

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Contamination is defined as anything other than cotton in cotton lint. Worldwide, contamination is on the rise and plastic contamination has increased at a faster rate than contamination overall. In the U.S., there are many sources of plastic contaminants, such as plastic trash that collects in cott...

7 CFR 51.3415 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 51.3415 Section 51.3415 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Potatoes for Processing 1 § 51.3415 Definitions. Similar varietal characteristics... become detached during the grading of the sample, stems, vines, adhering dirt, loose dirt, stones, trash...

7 CFR 51.3415 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 51.3415 Section 51.3415 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Potatoes for Processing 1 § 51.3415 Definitions. Similar varietal characteristics... become detached during the grading of the sample, stems, vines, adhering dirt, loose dirt, stones, trash...

Solid-Waste Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Teacher, 1973

1973-01-01

Consists of excerpts from a forthcoming publication of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Student's Guide to Solid-Waste Management.'' Discusses the sources of wastes from farms, mines, factories, and communities, the job of governments, ways to collect trash, methods of disposal, processing, and suggests possible student action.…

Computer Security-Risks, Threats, and Safeguards.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ekhaml, Leticia

2001-01-01

Describes a variety of Internet threats to computers and networks used in schools. Discusses electronic trashing; clearing hard drives; cyber spying on Web sites visited; protection against cyber spying, including disposable email accounts; password sniffers; privacy policies; email snooping; email attachments that carry viruses; and hoaxes. (LRW)

Ammonium carboxylate production from sugarcane trash using long-term air-lime pretreatment followed by mixed-culture fermentation.

PubMed

Nachiappan, Balasubramaniyan; Fu, Zhihong; Holtzapple, Mark T

2011-03-01

Sugarcane trash (ST) was converted to ammonium carboxylates using a novel bioprocessing strategy known as long-term air-lime pretreatment/mixed-culture fermentation. At mild conditions (50°C, 5 weeks, 1-atm air, and excess lime loading of 0.4 g Ca(OH)(2)/(g dry biomass)), air-lime pretreatment of ST had moderate delignification (64.4%) with little loss in polysaccharides. Without employing detoxification, sterility, expensive nutrients, or costly enzymes, the feedstock (80% treated ST/20% chicken manure) was fermented to primarily ammonium acetate (>75%) and butyrate by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms at 55°C. In the best four-stage countercurrent fermentation, the product yield was 0.36 g total acids/(g VS fed) and the substrate conversion was 64%. Model predictions indicate both high acid concentrations (>47.5 g/L) and high substrate conversions (>70%) are possible at industrial scale. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for paddy straw composting.

PubMed

Kumar, Adesh; Gaind, Sunita; Nain, Lata

2008-06-01

Out of 10 thermophilic fungi isolated from wheat straw, farm yard manure, and soil, only three showed highest cellobiase, carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, and FPase activities. They were identified as Aspergillus nidulans (Th(4)), Scytalidium thermophilum (Th(5)), and Humicola sp. (Th(10)). A fungal consortium of these three fungi was used to compost a mixture (1:1) of silica rich paddy straw and lignin rich soybean trash. The composting of paddy straw for 3 months, during summer period in North India, resulted in a product with C:N ratio 9.5:1, available phosphorus 0.042% and fungal biomass 6.512 mg of N-acetyl glucosamine/100 mg of compost. However, a C:N ratio of 10.2:1 and highest humus content of 3.3% was achieved with 1:1 mixture of paddy straw and soybean trash. The fungal consortium was effective in converting high silica paddy straw into nutritionally rich compost thereby leading to economical and environment friendly disposal of this crop residue.

Survival estimates of migrant juvenile Salmonids through Bonneville Dam using radio telemetry, 2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Counihan, Timothy D.; Hardiman, Jill; Walker, Chris; Puls, Amy; Holmberg , Glen

2006-01-01

During 2004, the USGS evaluated the survival of radio-tagged yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead trout through the ice and trash sluiceway and the minimum gap runner (MGR) turbine unit at Bonneville Dam’s powerhouse 1. Survival was estimated using paired release-recapture models with paired releases made directly into these passage routes and in the tailrace of Bonneville Dam. For the evaluations of survival through the MGR two separate control release locations were used; one location was directly downstream of the front roll below the turbine unit and the other release location was further downstream of the powerhouse 2 juvenile bypass outfall. During spring and summer releases of radio-tagged fish into the MGR and the ice and trash sluiceway, powerhouse 1 was not continuously operated due to a policy that prioritized the passage of water through powerhouse 2. Because of this policy, powerhouse 1 was only operated sporadically for short time intervals before and after the releases of radiotagged fish associated with this study.

An assessment of waste processing/resource recovery technologies for lunar/Mars life applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verostko, Charles E.; Packham, Nigel J. C.; Henninger, Donald H.

1992-01-01

NASA's future manned missions to explore the solar system are by nature of long duration, mandating extensive regeneration of life support consumables from wastes generated in space-based habitats. Long-duration exploration missions would otherwise be prohibitive due to the number and frequency of energy-intensive resupply missions from Earth. Resource recovery is therefore a critical component of the controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). In order to assess resource recovery technologies for CELSS applications, the Crew and Thermal Systems Division at NASA-Johnson Space Center convened a three-day workshop to assess potential resource recovery technologies for application in a space-based CELSS. This paper describes the methodology of assessing and ranking of these technologies. Recommendations and issues are identified. Evaluations focused on the processes for handling and treatment of inedible plant biomass, human waste, and human generated trash. Technologies were assessed on the basis of safety, reliability, technology readiness, and performance characteristics.

Real-time sensing of lint quality

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Modem cotton gins have the purpose of extracting lint (the cotton) from trash and seeds- usually the sticks, leaves and burrs that are entrained with the cotton. These modem gins include many individual machine components that are operated sequentially to form the gin processing line. Recent on-line...

78 FR 59475 - Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines; Outdoor Developed Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

... following outdoor constructed features provided at these facilities: Picnic tables, fire rings, grills... requirements for picnic tables, fire rings, grills, fireplaces, wood stoves, trash and recycling receptacles... have required 50 percent of picnic tables, fire rings, grills, and benches to comply with the...

Exterior direct detail view of revised entry handicap ramp at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Exterior direct detail view of revised entry handicap ramp at east side of Building 7 (including 3-story trash dump tower), looking north - North Beach Place, 431 Bay Street, 530 Francisco Street, 431 Bay Street, 530 Francisco Street, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

30 CFR 585.105 - What are my responsibilities under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...? 585.105 Section 585.105 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF... practicable; and take measures to prevent unauthorized discharge of pollutants including marine trash and...

30 CFR 285.105 - What are my responsibilities under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...? 285.105 Section 285.105 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE... including marine trash and debris into the offshore environment. (b) Submit requests, applications, plans...

30 CFR 585.105 - What are my responsibilities under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...? 585.105 Section 585.105 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF... practicable; and take measures to prevent unauthorized discharge of pollutants including marine trash and...

30 CFR 585.105 - What are my responsibilities under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...? 585.105 Section 585.105 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF... practicable; and take measures to prevent unauthorized discharge of pollutants including marine trash and...

Trash to Treasure: NREL's High-Solids Digester Converts Wastes to Biogas and Compost

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-04-01

This article describes a pilot high-solids digester (HSD) plant for use in : American Samoa. The American Samoa is highly dependent on imported fuel. At : the same time, the local tuna canneries produce large amounts of waste : materials. The HSD pro...

Montgomery County Maryland

Science.gov Websites

information including Alternative Format Requests for Disabled Users are provided on this page. Alert Complaint Get a License or Permit Make a Payment Obtain Social Services Request Bus Information Request -menu tier. Ride On Real Time Arrival Information Requests to Discuss Property Tax Bill* Bulk Trash

Exterior direct view of (nonoriginal), solar heating panels, and top ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Exterior direct view of (non-original), solar heating panels, and top of typical rectangular trash-dump tower at roof of Building 6, looking north - North Beach Place, 401 Bay Street, 500 Francisco Street, 401 Bay Street, 500 Francisco Street, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Inspired by Nevelson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Egenes, Barbara

2011-01-01

Louise Nevelson's circular assemblage, "Collegiate School" (1972), was the inspiration for an art class with the preschoolers at the Kent Children's Center. Nevelson (1899-1988) was the ultimate "found art" artist. Finding interesting throwaway objects, in and out of trash bins, she constructed assemblages that completely changed their former use.…

Are Your Custodians Exposed to Excessive Lead Levels?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1997

1997-01-01

Data from a 1994 University of Maryland study suggest that typical janitorial tasks (sweeping, vacuuming, emptying trash receptacles, cleaning fixtures, and other related housekeeping activities) would not result in an airborne lead exposure that exceeded Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. Lead abatement work should…

7 CFR 981.18 - Settlement weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ALMONDS GROWN IN CALIFORNIA Order... of any lot of almonds received for his own account by any handler, less adjustments as follows: (a) For weight of containers, (b) For excess moisture, (c) For trash or other foreign material of any kind...

7 CFR 981.18 - Settlement weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ALMONDS GROWN IN CALIFORNIA Order... of any lot of almonds received for his own account by any handler, less adjustments as follows: (a) For weight of containers, (b) For excess moisture, (c) For trash or other foreign material of any kind...

Trash Ecology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lind, Georgia J.

2004-01-01

A hands on activity involving density, frequency and biomass using transects, quadrats and a local good deed by cleaning up the neighborhood while practicing important techniques in ecology is detailed. The activity is designed for KCC-STEP, whose primary goal is to expand the scientific knowledge and research experiences of their students, who…

NIR technique in the classification of cotton leaf grade

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a useful technique due to the speed, ease of use, and adaptability to on-line or off-line implementation, has been applied to perform the qualitative classification and quantitative prediction of cotton quality characteristics, including trash index. One term to as...

Problems of solid waste management on Mount Kilimanjaro: a challenge to tourism.

PubMed

Kaseva, Mengiseny E; Moirana, Josia L

2010-08-01

We report on the findings of a study on the problems of solid waste management (SWM) on Mountain Kilimanjaro (MK) which is located within Kilimanjaro National Park (KINAPA) in Northern Tanzania. The study was prompted by the fact that flourishing tourism on the mountain over the years has resulted in an increase in the tonnage of solid waste (SW) generated, posing serious challenges in its collection and disposal. The methodology employed in this study included physical observations and questionnaire surveys, as well as waste sorting and weighing to quantify and characterize waste loads collected from each tourist route station covered in this study. On the basis of the established SW generation rate (0.6 kg ca(-1) day(-1)) a total amount of SW generated was estimated to range from about 87 tones (in 2003) to 125 tones (in 2006). An improvement in SW collection from 64% in 2003 to 94% in 2006 was also noted. This improvement can be attributed to the trash-in-trash-out (TITO) system of SW collection which is currently practiced by the management of KINAPA for SWM on MK. The study also highlights potential environmental pollution including air pollution from open burning and pit disposal of SW. Based on average percentage values of waste components and the estimated quantity of waste generated, it was established that the total waste quantum contains about 34% of recyclables. The study recommends that resource recovery and conservation measures through waste recycling and re-use be instituted as one of the options for sustainable SWM on MK.

Army Sustainment. Volume 42, Issue 5, September-October 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

pollution ...creating power plants. Busi- ness prac tices that lead to increased vehicle traffic use more gasoline and create more exhaust pollution . Trash must be...replacing bottled water, which has been a prime target for environmentalists. At least one company offers a compostable plastic water bottle that

Soil Is More than Just Dirt

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Carrie; Graves, C. John

2010-01-01

This article describes a series of activities in which students investigate soil, culminating in the biomimicry of reducing landfill waste. After students learned about soil's ecosystem structure and the function of its food web with nutrient cycling and decomposition, they discovered that they know a solution to reduce the trash in landfills by…

Field Trips. Beginnings Workshop.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cartwright, Sally; Aronson, Susan S.; Stacey, Susan; Winbush, Olga

2001-01-01

Five articles highlight benefits and organization of field trips: (1) "Field Trips Promote Child Learning at Its Best"; (2) "Planning for Maximum Benefit, Minimum Risk"; (3) "Coaching Community Hosts"; (4) "The Story of a Field Trip: Trash and Its Place within Children's Learning and Community"; and (5) "Field Trip Stories and Perspectives" (from…

Removal of arthropods in the spring “trash floods”

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Flooding of cranberry marshes is a common practice in the spring. It is intended primarily to clean out detritus while protecting against frost danger. The water is sometimes held for longer periods to reduce pest populations. We examined the detritus being hauled off of flooded beds for any evidenc...

Magnificent Morphs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lott, Debra

2011-01-01

Visual art has been defined as a vehicle for expression or communication of emotions and ideas. Leo Tolstoy identified art as a use of indirect means to communicate from one person to another. Contemporary artist HA Schult is an internationally renowned German artist who takes unwanted trash and transforms it into figures, creating large-scale art…

Marine Garbology: An Article of Trash.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Andrew R.

1989-01-01

Cites beach debris projects implemented by the states of Oregon, Texas, and North Carolina. Credits the success of Beach Sweep '88 to the establishment of five primary goals, the zone captain strategy, and the use of data cards. Provides an example data card, classroom activities, and alternatives to balloon launches. (RT)

Twirling Trash

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashley, Susan

2011-01-01

The process of finding inspiration for a class project is fascinating and intriguing. In this article, the author describes a class project inspired by the gyre, a widespread circulating rotation or vortex of ocean currents, known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This particular gyre is the location of an enormous floating mass of garbage,…

CENTRAL PORTION OF THE CARPORT HOUSING LAUNDRY AND STORAGE FOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

CENTRAL PORTION OF THE CARPORT HOUSING LAUNDRY AND STORAGE FOR BOTH UNITS AS WELL AS ADDED TRASH ENCLOSURE - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, M-Shaped Four-Bedroom Duplex Type 5, Birch Circle, Cedar Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Energy in Solid Waste: A Citizen Guide to Saving.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Citizens Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality.

This booklet contains information for citizens on solid wastes. It discusses the possible energy available in combustible and noncombustible trash. It suggests how citizens can reduce waste at home through discriminating buying practices and through recycling and reuse of resources. Recommendations are given for community action along with state…

7 CFR 3560.103 - Maintaining housing projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... common areas, must be free of trash, litter, and debris. Public walkways, walls of buildings and common... lighting and functional interior lighting in common areas which permits safe access and security. (ix... coverings that are intact, securely attached, and in good condition. Brick veneers must be free of missing...

Use of cotton gin trash and compatibilizers in polyethylene composites

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The ginning of cotton produces 15-42% of foreign materials, called “cotton gin trash”, including cotton burr, stems, leaf fragment, and dirt. In this work we examined the mechanical properties of composites of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and cotton burr. The burr was ground into powder, and se...

The Perennial Trashing of Bourgeois Democracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berns, Walter

2002-01-01

What began in nineteenth-century Britain as a serious critique of the new liberal democracy became, in twentieth-century America, a contemptuous "bourgeois bashing," almost a way of life for some of campus radicals. But if not American liberal democracy, with all its vulgarity, then what? What's the alternative? Their intellectuals…

Saved from the Trash Can. Keep That Recycled Paper in Circulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheatley, Jack

1983-01-01

Lessons on conservation/recycling taught in upper elementary/middle schools often feature a paper recycling activity in which students make new paper from old. Methods to accomplish this are outlined. In addition, the use of the recycled paper for art projects is discussed. (Author/JN)

Using Emoticons to Encourage Students to Recycle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meng, Matthew D.; Trudel, Remi

2017-01-01

Uncovering inexpensive, simple techniques to encourage students to act in a pro-environmental manner is of critical importance. Through a four-week field study at a large, environmentally focused elementary school, it was found that placing negatively valenced emoticons (i.e., red frowny faces) on trash cans increased the proportion of recycled…

Clarification Properties of Trash and Stalk Tissues from Sugarcane

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The effect of the U.S. and world-wide change from burnt to unburnt (green) sugarcane harvesting on processing, and the use of sugarcane leaves and tops as a biomass source has not been fully characterized. Sugarcane whole-stalks were harvested from the first ratoon crop of five commercial, Louisian...

Bioinspiration and Biomimicry: Possibilities for Cotton Byproducts

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The byproducts from cotton gins have commonly been referred to as cotton gin trash or cotton gin waste primarily because the lint and seed were the main focus of the operation and the byproducts were a financial liability that did not have a consistent market. Even though the byproducts were called ...

Planet Activism: Students Further Their Environmental Passions through Clubs and Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Kim

2010-01-01

Community colleges across the country have reported waves of student environmentalists committed to "greening" their schools through student-faculty partnerships, environmental clubs, honor-society projects, and other means. From trash dumps and recycling sorting to educational campaigns born from the construction of greener academic buildings,…

Fate of selected microorganisms when introduced as cross-contamination inocula into simulated food trash compartment waste

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strayer, Richard; Hummerick, Mary; Richards, Jeffrey; Birmele, Michele; Roberts, Michael

AdHocReviewCycleID-309796538 NewReviewCycle EmailSubjectPlease review this (?today?) AuthorEm Richard F. (KSC)[DYNAMAC CORP] ReviewingToolsShownOnceurn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smart One goal of Exploration Life Support solid waste processing is to stabilize wastes for storage, mitigate crew risks, and enable resource recovery. Food and crew fecal wastes contain easily biodegraded organic components that support microbial growth. Our objective is to determine a baseline for the fate of selected microbes in wastes prior to processing treatments. Challenge microbes, including human-associated pathogens, were added to unsterilized, simulated food trash solid waste containing a mixed microbial community. The fate of the microbial community and challenge microbes was determined over a 6 week time course of waste storage. Challenge microbes were selected from a list of microorganisms common to residual food or fecal wastes and included: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger (a common mold), and Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, a spore-forming bacterium previously isolated from spacecraft assembly facilities selected for its resistance to heat, uv, and desiccation. The trash model simulant contained 80% food trash (food waste and containers) and 20% hygiene wipes. Cultures of challenge microbes were grown overnight on Nutrient Agar (Difco), harvested, re-suspended in physiological saline, and diluted to achieve the desired optical density for inoculation. The six organisms were pooled and inoculated into the simulated food wastes and packaging before manual mixing. Inoculated simulated waste was stored in custom FlexfoilTM gas sampling bags (SKC, Inc.) which were then connected to a gas analysis system designed to supply fresh air to each bag to maintain O2 above 1%. Bag headspace was monitored for CO2 (PP Systems) and O2 (Maxtec). Total microbes were quantified by microscopic direct counts and general cultivation-based methods. Detection and enumeration of challenge microbes was accomplished by cultivation-based microbiological methods with specific selective media and by molecular methods using quantitative stocktickerPCR (qPCR) with stocktickerDNA primers specific for each challenge organism. stocktickerDNA was extracted and purified from residual wastes with a stocktickerDNA isolation kit (Mo Bio), and quantified (NanoDrop) from standard curves prepared from pure culture isolates of each challenge organism. QPCR was conducted on a Roche LightCycler 480 using the Roche stocktickerSYBR Green Master Mix Kit. The identity of all challenge microbes in recovered isolates was verified by stocktickerDNA sequencing (stocktickerABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer - Applied Biosystems). To date, concentrations of challenge microbial populations at concentrations ranging from ˜107 - 108 have been added to simulated food waste and extracted either immediately after mixing or after 1 week of storage. Cultivation-based counts indicated that 5 of 6 challenge microbes could be recovered from simulated food wastes after inoculation for both concentrations. Only S. enterica serovar typhimurium could not be detected at week 0 for the 107 inoculum. Between week 0 and 1, challenge microbes increased in density: S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa increasing up to 4 orders of magnitude from the 107 inoculum. Molecular results for the week 0 and week 1 stored samples indicated that the relative concentrations of target stocktickerDNA for the challenge microbes had increased between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude. These preliminary studies demonstrate that potential problems regarding pathogens as cross-contaminants from other waste streams could develop during storage of space mission solid wastes. Ongoing studies are examining longer storage times up to 6 weeks. The results can be used to determine requirements and criteria for waste treatment prior to storage and provides a means of testing the ability of treatment technologies to limit contaminant survival and proliferation.

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-the-shelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlesinger, Thilini; Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-theshelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

In-use activity, fuel use, and emissions of heavy-duty diesel roll-off refuse trucks.

PubMed

Sandhu, Gurdas S; Frey, H Christopher; Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon; Jones, Elizabeth

2015-03-01

The objectives of this study were to quantify real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions for heavy duty diesel roll-off refuse trucks; evaluate the contribution of duty cycles and emissions controls to variability in cycle average fuel use and emission rates; quantify the effect of vehicle weight on fuel use and emission rates; and compare empirical cycle average emission rates with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MOVES emission factor model predictions. Measurements were made at 1 Hz on six trucks of model years 2005 to 2012, using onboard systems. The trucks traveled 870 miles, had an average speed of 16 mph, and collected 165 tons of trash. The average fuel economy was 4.4 mpg, which is approximately twice previously reported values for residential trash collection trucks. On average, 50% of time is spent idling and about 58% of emissions occur in urban areas. Newer trucks with selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filter had NOx and PM cycle average emission rates that were 80% lower and 95% lower, respectively, compared to older trucks without. On average, the combined can and trash weight was about 55% of chassis weight. The marginal effect of vehicle weight on fuel use and emissions is highest at low loads and decreases as load increases. Among 36 cycle average rates (6 trucks×6 cycles), MOVES-predicted values and estimates based on real-world data have similar relative trends. MOVES-predicted CO2 emissions are similar to those of the real world, while NOx and PM emissions are, on average, 43% lower and 300% higher, respectively. The real-world data presented here can be used to estimate benefits of replacing old trucks with new trucks. Further, the data can be used to improve emission inventories and model predictions. In-use measurements of the real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions of heavy-duty diesel roll-off refuse trucks can be used to improve the accuracy of predictive models, such as MOVES, and emissions inventories. Further, the activity data from this study can be used to generate more representative duty cycles for more accurate chassis dynamometer testing. Comparisons of old and new model year diesel trucks are useful in analyzing the effect of fleet turnover. The analysis of effect of haul weight on fuel use can be used by fleet managers to optimize operations to reduce fuel cost.

Trash Can Volcano - One Change of State with Endless Possibilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brill, K. A.; Lanza, F.; Gochis, E. E.; Lechner, H. N.; Waite, G. P.

2013-12-01

Introducing students to earth science and geophysical concepts in fun, innovative and demonstrative ways is critical to capturing the attention of students at all levels. A properly designed experiment may provide a variety of dimensions that middle and high school teachers can use to introduce some of the core ideas in geosciences while addressing many of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Using a modified experiment from Harpp et al. (2005) referred to here as 'Trash Can Volcano' we introduce students to the fields of volcanology, natural hazards, and geophysics as well as the use of models and data analysis in an inquiry based fashion. The Trash Can Volcano uses the expansive properties of boiling nitrogen or subliming carbon dioxide to simulate an eruption of a magmatic system. We produce an analog model of an eruption by confining either of these gasses in a submerged plastic soda pop bottle. The expanding gasses pressurize the bottle beyond the yield strength of the plastic; the resulting explosion is analogous to a Strombolian style eruption. An experiment of this type engages students by providing a dramatic experience and begs further inquiry into the nature of the event. This activity also provides educators with a variety of possible directions to explore the core ideas and NGSS standards. In one of our explorations we show how scientists monitor volcanic eruptions and hazards. We deploy three separate microphones to capture atmospheric pressure changes at known distances, and students can calculate the speed of the wave emitted from the energetic release of the gas by identifying the arrival of the waves at each microphone. Using this data, students can also investigate wave attenuation. In another module, students observe the demonstration, develop a research plan, discuss different variables and controls, and then observe the explosive demonstration again. This methodology provides an opportunity to observe, learn and study an event analogous to a natural phenomenon in a manner that parallels scientific field work. The true power of this demonstration, however, is released when students have the opportunity to observe, experiment, and inquire without strict limitations. Through their own observations and inquiry, students direct how the scientific process evolves based on the available instrumentation, and their understanding of these instruments, data and specific phenomena. Lesson such as these have the potential to increase students' interests in geosciences while building an understanding of methodologies used by scientists to study volcanoes, hazards and geophysics that are essential for increasing earth science literacy.

Space shuttle/food system study. Volume 2, Appendix G: Ground support system analysis. Appendix H: Galley functional details analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The capabilities for preflight feeding of flight personnel and the supply and control of the space shuttle flight food system were investigated to determine ground support requirements; and the functional details of an onboard food system galley are shown in photographic mockups. The elements which were identified as necessary to the efficient accomplishment of ground support functions include the following: (1) administration; (2) dietetics; (3) analytical laboratories; (4) flight food warehouse; (5) stowage module assembly area; (6) launch site module storage area; (7) alert crew restaurant and disperse crew galleys; (8) ground food warehouse; (9) manufacturing facilities; (10) transport; and (11) computer support. Each element is discussed according to the design criteria of minimum cost, maximum flexibility, reliability, and efficiency consistent with space shuttle requirements. The galley mockup overview illustrates the initial operation configuration, food stowage locations, meal assembly and serving trays, meal preparation configuration, serving, trash management, and the logistics of handling and cleanup equipment.

G-189A analytical simulation of the integrated waste management-water system using radioisotopes for thermal energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coggi, J. V.; Loscutoff, A. V.; Barker, R. S.

1973-01-01

An analytical simulation of the RITE-Integrated Waste Management and Water Recovery System using radioisotopes for thermal energy was prepared for the NASA-Manned Space Flight Center (MSFC). The RITE system is the most advanced concept water-waste management system currently under development and has undergone extended duration testing. It has the capability of disposing of nearly all spacecraft wastes including feces and trash and of recovering water from usual waste water sources: urine, condensate, wash water, etc. All of the process heat normally used in the system is produced from low penalty radioisotope heat sources. The analytical simulation was developed with the G189A computer program. The objective of the simulation was to obtain an analytical simulation which can be used to (1) evaluate the current RITE system steady state and transient performance during normal operating conditions, and also during off normal operating conditions including failure modes; and (2) evaluate the effects of variations in component design parameters and vehicle interface parameters on system performance.

The Development of Comprehensive Search Skills.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wellman, Henry M.; And Others

1984-01-01

One experiment examined two and one-half, three and one-half and four and one-half year olds' ability to conduct nonredundant comprehensive searches of small lidded trash cans. A second experiment examined three , four, and five year olds' ability to find Easter eggs hidden on a large playground. Results were discussed in relation to developmental…

Yesterday's Trash Makes Tomorrow's "Glass"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wayne, Dale

2010-01-01

In this article, the author describes a glass art project inspired by Dale Chihuly. This project uses two-liter plastic soda bottles which are cut apart and trimmed. Applying heat using a hair dryer, the plastic curls and takes an uneven blown-glass quality. The "glass" is then painted using acrylic paint. (Contains 2 resources and 1 online…

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, LOCK 35 IS ON THE RIGHT. CANAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, LOCK 35 IS ON THE RIGHT. CANAL WORKERS ARE CLEANING TRASH GRATES TO LOCK 35 WATER INLET. ENTRANCE TO OLD LOCK 71 ON LEFT. NOTE THE SEDIMENT BUILD UP IN THE ENTRANCE CHANNEL TO OLD LOCK 71. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

Recovery of titanium values from titanium grinding swarf by electric furnace smelting

DOEpatents

Gerdemann, Stephen J.; White, Jack C.

1999-01-01

A method for the recovery of valuable materials from titanium grinding swarf is provided comprising the steps of sieving the accumulated titanium grinding swarf to remove unwanted coarse trash and grinding wheel fragments, pelletizing, and smelting in an electric arc furnace to produce ferrotitanium and/or high titanium slag.

Recovery of titanium values from titanium grinding swarf by electric furnace smelting

DOEpatents

Gerdemann, Stephen J.; White, Jack C.

1998-01-01

A method for the recovery of valuable materials from titanium grinding swarf is provided comprising the steps of sieving the accumulated titanium grinding swarf to remove unwanted coarse trash and grinding wheel fragments, pelletizing, and smelting in an electric arc furnace to produce ferrotitanium and/or high titanium slag.

STS-44 MS Musgrave looks out OV-104's side hatch viewport on middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-44 Mission Specialist (MS) F. Story Musgrave, wearing communications kit assembly lightweight headset (HDST), looks out side hatch viewport on Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, middeck. Just behind him is the waste management compartment (WMC). The stainless steel cylinder is the temporary wet trash can.

What Can You do with a Jelly Jar: A Coloring Activity on Reuse for Kids

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Space creatures might think the idea of reusing containers is an alien concept, but here on Earth it’s easy to keep an old jar out of the trash and give it new life. Follow these tips to keep a jar in use and out of orbit.

Elucidation of the hard-to-boil massecuites phenomenon and the Iintroduction of oscillatory deformation rheology to the sugar industry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Hard-to-boil (HTB) massecuites with markedly low heat transfer properties are a sporadic but continuing problem in Louisiana sugarcane factories. It usually occurs after severely deteriorated sugarcane stalks and trash have been delivered to a factory. Unfortunately, the specific cause of this phe...

Why Can't I Play Here? The Classroom: A World in Miniature. Instructional Activities Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Witthuhn, Burton O.

Third in the elementary set of teacher-developed instructional activities for teaching geography, this activity investigates spatial allocation through discussion and observation of classroom arrangements. Classroom space allocated for the teacher's desk, aisles, study area, and trash cans illustrates real-world locational concepts of geography…

Beyond Black: The Louise Nevelson Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wayne, Dale

2012-01-01

Louise Nevelson, who is called the "architect of shadow," was a "dumpster diver" of her time, collecting found objects in the wee hours of the morning before trash pickup. Recognition evaded Nevelson until she created "Mood Garden + One" (1958), when she was almost 60 years old. In this article, students create their own assemblage using…

Educator Sexual Misconduct and Nondisclosure Agreements: Policy Guidance from Missouri's Amy Hestir Student Protection Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Surface, Jeanne L.; Stader, David L.; Armenta, Anthony D.

2014-01-01

Allegations of sexual misconduct may prompt districts to enter into non-disclosure or settlement agreements with alleged perpetrators in exchange for a recommendation. Non-disclosure settlements typically limit how much information districts can share with other districts. This process, often referred to as "passing the trash," can be…

Turning the Tide on Trash: A Learning Guide on Marine Debris.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eastern Research Group, Inc., Lexington, MA.

The oceans covering two-thirds of the earth's surface constitute a resource for animal life, fishing industries, coastal economies, and recreation. This learning guide is a collection of 14 activities integrating art, language arts, mathematics, music, science, and social studies with the study of marine debris. A student survey is used to…

Argonne works with marine industry on new fuel | Argonne National

Science.gov Websites

Photos Videos Fact Sheets, Brochures and Reports Summer Science Writing Internship Careers Education Photos Videos Fact Sheets, Brochures and Reports Summer Science Writing Internship Argonne works with October 2, 2017 After-school energy rush September 28, 2017 Trash to treasure: The benefits of waste-to

Early Childhood Safety Checklist #3: Kitchen and Food Preparation and Storage Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aronson, Susan S.

1994-01-01

This checklist of 24 specific health and safety concerns dealing with kitchen and food preparation storage areas can be used by day-care staff to identify and correct hazardous conditions. Areas of concern include hand washing, refrigeration, cooking, trash disposal, cleanliness, fire safety, burn hazards, and adult supervision. (MDM)

Recovery of titanium values from titanium grinding swarf by electric furnace smelting

DOEpatents

Gerdemann, S.J.; White, J.C.

1998-08-04

A method for the recovery of valuable materials from titanium grinding swarf is provided comprising the steps of sieving the accumulated titanium grinding swarf to remove unwanted coarse trash and grinding wheel fragments, pelletizing, and smelting in an electric arc furnace to produce ferrotitanium and/or high titanium slag. 1 fig.

All "Trashed" Out: An Activity Guide to Solid Waste Management for Grades K-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Univ., Springfield. Center for Solid Waste Management and Research, Springfield.

This activity guide, specifically designed for Illinois classrooms but adaptable for other states, seeks to encourage primary students to make their own personal statement and responses to the environment through increased awareness of reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting of solid waste materials. The activities incorporate environmental…

77 FR 19719 - Whirlpool Corporation Including On-Site Leased Workers From Career Solutions TEC Staffing, IBM...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-02

... Including Workers Whose Unemployment Insurance (UI) Wages Are Reported Through U.S. Security Fort Smith, AR... Staffing, Fort Smith, Arkansas. The workers are engaged in the production of refrigerators and trash... information shows that workers leased from Andrews International employed on-site at the Fort Smith, Arkansas...

Looking beyond Your Own Trash Can

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bain, Christina

2004-01-01

In many American schools, class size continues to increase while art budget dollars remain the same or, even worse, decrease. Art educators need to become proactive and creative in procuring art supplies for their classrooms. This may necessitate asking for supplemental funds from the PTA or raising money through fundraising. It may also mean that…

Solid Waste/Energy Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vivan, V. Eugene; And Others

Provided are solid waste/energy curriculum materials for grades K-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-9, and 10-12. Separate folders containing units of study (focusing on trash, litter, and recycling) are provided for kindergarten (four units), grade 1 (two units), and grade 2 (two units). Folders contain teachers' directions and activity cards which include picture…

Trash--Our Only Growing Resource. Environmental Ecological Education Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giebelhausen, Maribeth R.; And Others

With the increases in population and technology, non-biodegradable materials like plastic, glass, and aluminum and waste disposal have become very real problems in out society. This unit, designed for seventh-grade students, focuses on the problems of waste disposal and examines the function of recycling, the role of the consumer in determining…

Major Losses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kravis, Miles

2009-01-01

From 2003 to 2005, fires on school properties cost about $85 million a year. An estimated 14,700 fires required a fire department response: 36 percent were trash fires, 19 percent were fires in open fields, and 43 percent were structural fires. Sometimes, the needs of school security seem to conflict with the requirements of fire safety. In this…

Screening and Testing Phytochemicals in Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) for Development of Potential Entrepreneurial Opportunities

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is often considered a “trash or nuisance” tree. In some states, this species has been declared invasive and management strategies have been adopted to destroy it. However, value-added phytochemical products from eastern redcedar have the potential to create n...

Papier-Mache Urns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kleinman, Marla

2010-01-01

Even in the best of economic times, most art teachers are subsidizing their artroom budgets with their own money and dumpster diving to provide the kind of art experience their students deserve. Green is in and art teachers have years of experience recycling trash into treasures. This urn project gives art teachers a big bang for their buck. They…

21 CFR 211.50 - Sewage and refuse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sewage and refuse. 211.50 Section 211.50 Food and... CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS Buildings and Facilities § 211.50 Sewage and refuse. Sewage, trash, and other refuse in and from the building and immediate premises shall be...

TRICLOSAN MONITORING OF WASTEWATER AND RIVER WATER SAMPLES FROM THE NORTHEAST OF SPAIN AND THE MIDWEST USA BY ELISA AND GC/MS

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a broad spectrum antibacterial that is incorporated into numerous household products such as soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, toys, bedding, socks, and trash bags to decrease bacterial contamination. Triclosan is structurally similar to environmen...

Beautiful Walls: Reclaiming Urban Space through Mural Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welch, Bethany J.

2016-01-01

During the nearly sixteen years she has lived and worked in inner city neighborhoods in New York, Delaware, and Philadelphia, Bethany Welch has seen communities reclaim these spaces by tackling the most visible things first. This includes clearing trash strewn vacant lots and creating murals on expansive exterior walls stained with marks of time.…

Effects of Number and Location of Bins on Plastic Recycling at a University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Ryan T.; Lerman, Dorothea C.; Fritz, Jennifer N.; Hodde, Henry B.

2010-01-01

The proportion of plastic bottles that consumers placed in appropriate recycling receptacles rather than trash bins was examined across 3 buildings on a university campus. We extended previous research on interventions to increase recycling by controlling the number of recycling receptacles across conditions and by examining receptacle location…

The Recycle Team.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Roger; And Others

This guide provides lessons that enable students to learn how important it is for each of us to take care of the environment by minimizing the problems caused by too much trash. In the 10 lessons included here, students and their families learn how they can be part of the solution by practicing source reduction and by reusing, recycling, and…

SUSTAINABLE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER/COOK STOVE DESIGN TO PROMOTE HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF ECUADOR

EPA Science Inventory

Phase I prototype digesters demonstrated the feasibility of biogas generation, using simple materials such as trash cans, oil drums, and polyethylene bags – a full scale digester, based on prototype biogas production volumes, range from 5000 to 9000 liters, depending on ...

Equipment selection for recovering fiber from stripper harvested gin waste

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Previous studies have shown the quantity of recoverable fibers with the potential to be marketed as motes approaches 10 to 25 percent of gin trash by weight. As a result of these findings and practical experience from a commercial cotton gin, questions arose as to the best equipment setup needed to ...

Recycling: Mining Resources from Trash. 4-H Leader's/Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonhotal, Jean F.

This guide is designed for adult volunteer leaders, camp counselors, and teachers who want to explore the subject of recycling with youth. An introduction explores the waste disposal options of reducing, reusing, and recycling, and reasons for recycling. Additional background information is provided on common solid waste and how it can be reused…

77 FR 71590 - Lock+TM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

..., 50-foot-deep frame module fitted with a trash rack and containing 10 low-head bulb turbines each... electronically via the Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's Web site... Commission's Web site at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/elibrary.asp . Enter the docket number (P-13500-002...

Weed, Yes! Discard, No! There May Be a Collection in that Trash!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGowan, Beth

2011-01-01

In the course of a weeding project at a small community college library, librarians discovered an unusual nineteenth century literary collection consisting of many obscure titles written by people of color, women and ethnic minorities. Though the materials were not rare, they constituted an interesting and valuable set of materials. These…

Process design and economic analysis of a biorefinery co-producing itaconic acid and electricity from sugarcane bagasse and trash lignocelluloses.

PubMed

Nieder-Heitmann, Mieke; Haigh, Kathleen F; Görgens, Johann F

2018-08-01

Itaconic acid has economic potential as a commodity biochemical for the sugar industry, but its production is limited due to high production costs. Using cheaper and alternative lignocellulosic feedstocks together with achieving higher product titres have been identified as potential strategies for viable IA production. Consequently the use of sugarcane bagasse and trash for the production of itaconic acid (IA) and electricity have been investigated for an integrated biorefinery, where the production facility is annexed to an existing sugar mill and new combined heat and power (CHP) plant. Three IA biorefinery scenarios were designed and simulated in Aspen Plus®. Subsequent economic analyses indicated that cheaper feedstocks reduced the IA production cost from 1565.5 US$/t for glucose to 616.5 US$/t, but coal supplementation was required to sufficiently lower the production cost to 604.3 US$/t for a competitive IA selling price of 1740 US$/t, compared to the market price of 1800 US$/t. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of mariculture on heavy metal distribution in sediments and cultured fish around the Pearl River Delta region, south China.

PubMed

Liang, Peng; Wu, Sheng-Chun; Zhang, Jin; Cao, Yucheng; Yu, Shen; Wong, Ming-Hung

2016-04-01

Thirty-six sediment samples were collected from six mariculture sites and corresponding reference sites (approximately 200-300 m away from each mariculture site) to study the effects of mariculture on heavy metal: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) distribution in sediments and cultured fish around the Pearl River Delta region, south China. The mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in all mariculture sediment samples were 109, 273, 99 and 33 mg/kg, compared with 63, 209, 56 and 23 mg/kg for reference sediment samples, respectively. The Pollution Load Index of sediment for each site was over 1, implying substantial heavy metal pollution. The results of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis indicate that marine aquaculture activities have enriched the surface sediments underneath mariculture rafts with Cu, Zn and Pb, possibly due to the accumulation of unconsumed fish feeds, fish excreta and antifouling paints (except Cr). Two kinds of fish feeds, feed pellets and trash fish commonly used in Hong Kong were analyzed. The concentrations of Zn and Cu contained in feed pellets were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in trash fish due to addition of these elements as growth promoters during pellet production. However, the Pb content in trash fish (due to contamination) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in feed pellets. Three cultured fish species, namely red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii), were collected from each mariculture site for metal analysis. Lead concentrations in 21 fish samples exceeded the Chinese safety guideline (0.5 mg/kg, GB18406.4-2001), indicating that Pb contamination in cultured fish would be a public health concern. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Incineration for resource recovery in a closed ecological life support system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Upadhye, R. S.; Wignarajah, K.; Wydeven, T.

1993-01-01

A functional schematic, including mass and energy balance, of a solid waste processing system for a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) was developed using Aspen Plus, a commercial computer simulation program. The primary processor in this system is an incinerator for oxidizing organic wastes. The major products derived from the incinerator are carbon dioxide and water, which can be recycled to a crop growth chamber (CGC) for food production. The majority of soluble inorganics are extracted or leached from the inedible biomass before they reach the incinerator, so that they can be returned directly to the CGC and reused as nutrients. The heat derived from combustion of organic compounds in the incinerator was used for phase-change water purification. The waste streams treated by the incinerator system conceptualized in this work are inedible biomass from a CGC, human urine (including urinal flush water) and feces, humidity condensate, shower water, and trash. It is estimated that the theoretical minimum surface area required for the radiator to reject the unusable heat output from this system would be 0.72 sq m/person at 298 K.

Trash to treasure: production of biofuels and commodity chemicals via syngas fermenting microorganisms.

PubMed

Latif, Haythem; Zeidan, Ahmad A; Nielsen, Alex T; Zengler, Karsten

2014-06-01

Fermentation of syngas is a means through which unutilized organic waste streams can be converted biologically into biofuels and commodity chemicals. Despite recent advances, several issues remain which limit implementation of industrial-scale syngas fermentation processes. At the cellular level, the energy conservation mechanism of syngas fermenting microorganisms has not yet been entirely elucidated. Furthermore, there was a lack of genetic tools to study and ultimately enhance their metabolic capabilities. Recently, substantial progress has been made in understanding the intricate energy conservation mechanisms of these microorganisms. Given the complex relationship between energy conservation and metabolism, strain design greatly benefits from systems-level approaches. Numerous genetic manipulation tools have also been developed, paving the way for the use of metabolic engineering and systems biology approaches. Rational strain designs can now be deployed resulting in desirable phenotypic traits for large-scale production. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 26956 - Clean Water Act Section 303(d): Availability of Los Angeles Area Lakes Total Maximum Daily Loads...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... included on the State of California's Section 303(d) list of polluted waters due to water quality impacts... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9146-6] Clean Water Act Section 303(d): Availability of Los... nutrient, mercury, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, PCB, and trash impairments pursuant to Clean Water Act Section...

Talking Trash on the Internet: Working Real Data into Your Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Maurice P.; Walton, Susan A.

1998-01-01

Describes how a middle school teacher used the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia (CBNERRVA) Web site to provide scientific data for a unit on recycling. Includes sample data sheets and tables, charts results of a Web search for marine debris using different search engines, and lists selected marine data Web sites. (PEN)

11. VIEW SHOWING THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE SHED ROOF (REMOVED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. VIEW SHOWING THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE SHED ROOF (REMOVED AUTUMN OF 1996) PROTECTING THE PRESENT INTAKE GATES- AND RAKE-LIFTING MECHANISMS AND THE TRASH RACKS (LOWER FOREGROUND), LOOKING NORTH. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

78 FR 44011 - Safety Zone; Bullhead City Regatta; Bullhead City, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... Guard Sector San Diego this year and past years inquiring more about the exclusion of the waterway for... excessive trash resulting from the event. The safety zone is being established this year as in past years to... holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule, call or email Lieutenant...

7 CFR 301.52 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... articles: (1) Cotton and wild cotton, including all parts of these plants. (2) Seed cotton. (3) Cottonseed...) Cotton waste produced at cotton gins and cottonseed oil mills. (6) Cotton gin trash. (7) Used bagging and... cotton oil mill equipment. (9) Kenaf, including all parts of the plants. (10) Okra, including all parts...

VIEW OF ENTRANCE SIDE OF HOUSE, TAKEN FROM NEIGHBORING CARPORT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF ENTRANCE SIDE OF HOUSE, TAKEN FROM NEIGHBORING CARPORT AREA. WITH NEIGHBOR’S TRASH ENCLOSURE IN FOREGROUND. VIEW FACING WEST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Types 8 and 11, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Trash Trends, Level 3. Teacher Guide. Operation Waste Watch.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia State Dept. of Waste Management, Richmond. Div. of Litter & Recycling.

Operation Waste Watch is a series of seven sequential learning units which addresses the subject of litter control and solid waste management. Each unit may be used in a variety of ways, depending on the needs and schedules of individual schools, and may be incorporated into various social studies, science, language arts, health, mathematics, and…

Trash Treasures, Level 5. Teacher Guide. Operation Waste Watch.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia State Dept. of Waste Management, Richmond. Div. of Litter & Recycling.

Operation Waste Watch is a series of seven sequential learning units which addresses the subject of litter control and solid waste management. Each unit may be used in a variety of ways, depending on the needs and schedules of individual schools, and may be incorporated into various social studies, science, language arts, health, mathematics, and…

Trash + Creativity = Problem Solved: Award Winners Give Plastic Bottles Second Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tech Directions, 2007

2007-01-01

Judge Harry T. Roman, an electrical engineer and inventor, has selected the best of the crop in the 2006/2007 Tech Directions Inventors Award Competition. The challenge this year called on students to slow the filling of landfills by devising uses for discarded plastic water, juice, soda, and sports-drink bottles. Judge Roman noted "many common…

40 CFR Appendix 1 to Subpart A of... - Static Sheen Test

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... spatula used to mix the sample will be the principal sources of contamination problems. These problems... stirring bar. 4.1.7Stainless steel spatula. 4.1.8Test container: Open plastic container whose internal....1Plastic liners for the test container: Oil-free, heavy-duty plastic trash can liners that do not inhibit...

26 CFR 48.4221-3 - Tax-free sale of articles for export, or for resale by the purchaser to a second purchaser for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... manufacturer of trucks, sold a trash collection truck to Y, a company in France. The sale was tax free under section 4221(a)(2). The truck was sold by Y to the City of Nice, France. After initial use, the city...

Urban Environmental Education Project, Curriculum Module VI: Solid Waste - Trash or Treasure?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biglan, Barbara

Included in this module are four activities dealing with issues of solid waste disposal relative to urban concerns. Included activities are: (1) sources and composition of solid waste; (2) a "garbage game"; (3) disposal options for solid waste; and (4) an example county plan for solid waste disposal. Also included are an overview, teacher…

Trash Conflicts: An Integrated Science and Social Studies Curriculum on the Ethics of Disposal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balin, Amy; And Others

Education is the first step toward making changes in habits and practices that are currently threatening the environment. Across the country, evidence is abundant that people are willing to change their habits once they understand the consequences of their choices. Greater numbers of communities are instituting recycling programs. This book is…

Automatic devices to take water samples and to raise trash screens at weirs

Treesearch

K. G. Reinhart; R. E. Leonard; G. E. Hart

1960-01-01

Experimentation on small watersheds is assuming increasing importance in watershed-management research. Much has been accomplished in developing adequate instrumentation for use in these experiments. Yet many problems still await solution. One difficulty encountered is that small streams are subject to wide variations in flow and that these variations are generally...

Seasonal Variations on Sugarcane Trash Quantity and Quality that Directly Concern Refiners

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In sugar manufacture, there is a trend in the United States and world-wide to produce very high purity (VHP) and very low color (VLC) raw sugars for vertical integration from the field to the refinery. New refineries in Louisiana (LA) are expected to be operational in the next few years. One of the...

Evaluating Increased Effort for Item Disposal to Improve Recycling at a University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fritz, Jennifer N.; Dupuis, Danielle L.; Wu, Wai-Ling; Neal, Ashley E.; Rettig, Lisa A.; Lastrapes, Renée E.

2017-01-01

An evaluation of increased response effort to dispose of items was conducted to improve recycling at a university. Signs prompting individuals to recycle and notifying them of the location of trash and recycling receptacles were posted in each phase. During the intervention, trashcans were removed from the classrooms, and one large trashcan was…

Who Listens to Trash Talk?: Education and Public Media Effects on Recycling Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Michael D.; Scicchitano, Michael J.

1998-01-01

Observes that research has shown a curvilinear relationship between education and media effects, with media having the greatest effect on people with moderate levels of education. Examines the effects of public service messages about recycling, and finds that the messages actually have greater impact on people with higher levels of education. (DSK)

From Trash to Treasure--Rebuilding a '66 Vespa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boissonnault, Tom

2010-01-01

This article describes how the author got his 8th-grade students thinking about greener modes of transportation--and got them excited about technology education--in the course of rebuilding a badly damaged 1966 Vespa scooter. This turned out to be a wonderful project because it included almost the entire 8th grade, and showed students that…

La Culture Cure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goulding, Emily

2011-01-01

In the early 1970s, it was not difficult for the American public to identify the Latino civil rights movement and what it stood for. On the West Coast, antiwar activists were leading the Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War, and on the East Coast, the Young Lords of New York were setting fire to trash the sanitation department had neglected…

Integrated water and waste management system for future spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ingelfinger, A. L.; Murray, R. W.

1974-01-01

Over 200 days of continuous testing have been completed on an integrated waste management-water recovery system developed by General Electric under a jointly funded AEC/NASA/AF Contract. The 4 man system provides urine, feces, and trash collection; water reclamation; storage, heating and dispensing of the water; storage and disposal of the feces and urine residue and all of other nonmetallic waste material by incineration. The heat required for the 1200 deg F purification processes is provided by a single 420-w radioisotope heater. A second 836-w radioisotope heater supplemented by 720 w of electrical heat provides for distillation and water heating. Significant test results are no pre-or-post treatment, greater than 98 per cent potable water recovery, approximately 95 per cent reduction in solids weight and volume, all outflows are sterile with the water having no bacteria or virus, and the radioisotope capsule radiation level is only 7.9 mrem/hr unshielded at 1 m (neutrons and gamma).

CELSS research and development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bubenheim, David

1990-01-01

Research in Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) conducted by NASA indicate that plant based systems are feasible candidates for human support in space. Ames has responsibility for research and development, systems integration and control, and space flight experiment portions of the CELSS program. Important areas for development of new methods and technologies are biomass production, waste processing, water purification, air revitalization, and food processing. For the plant system, the approach was to identify the flexibility and response time for the food, water, and oxygen production, and carbon dioxide consumption processes. Tremendous increases in productivity, compared with terrestrial agriculture, were realized. Waste processing research emphasizes recycle (transformation) of human wastes, trash, and inedible biomass to forms usable as inputs to the plant production system. Efforts to improve efficiency of the plant system, select new CELSS crops for a balanced diet, and initiate closed system research with the Crop Growth Research Chambers continue. The System Control and Integration program goal is to insure orchestrated system operation of the biological, physical, and chemical operation of the biological, physical, and chemical component processors of the CELSS. Space flight studies are planned to verify adequate operation of the system in reduced gravity or microgravity environments.

Cradle-to-Grave Logistic Technologies for Exploration Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James L.; Ewert, Michael K.; Shull, Sarah

2013-01-01

Human exploration missions under study are very limited by the launch mass capacity of exiting and planned vehicles. The logistical mass of crew items is typically considered separate from the vehicle structure, habitat outfitting, and life support systems. Consequently, crew item logistical mass is typically competing with vehicle systems for mass allocation. NASA is Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) Project is developing four logistics technologies guided by a systems engineering cradle-to-grave approach to enable used crew items to augment vehicle systems. Specifically, AES LRR is investigating the direct reduction of clothing mass, the repurposing of logistical packaging, the processing of spent crew items to benefit radiation shielding and water recovery, and the conversion of trash to propulsion supply gases. The systematic implementation of these types of technologies will increase launch mass efficiency by enabling items to be used for secondary purposes and improve the habitability of the vehicle as the mission duration increases. This paper provides a description, benefits, and challenges of the four technologies under development and a status of progress at the mid ]point of the three year AES project.

Logistics Reduction Technologies for Exploration Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James L., Jr.; Ewert, Michael K.; Fink, Patrick W.

2014-01-01

Human exploration missions under study are very limited by the launch mass capacity of existing and planned vehicles. The logistical mass of crew items is typically considered separate from the vehicle structure, habitat outfitting, and life support systems. Consequently, crew item logistical mass is typically competing with vehicle systems for mass allocation. NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Logistics Reduction and Repurposing (LRR) Project is developing five logistics technologies guided by a systems engineering cradle-to-grave approach to enable used crew items to augment vehicle systems. Specifically, AES LRR is investigating the direct reduction of clothing mass, the repurposing of logistical packaging, the use of autonomous logistics management technologies, the processing of spent crew items to benefit radiation shielding and water recovery, and the conversion of trash to propulsion gases. The systematic implementation of these types of technologies will increase launch mass efficiency by enabling items to be used for secondary purposes and improve the habitability of the vehicle as the mission duration increases. This paper provides a description and the challenges of the five technologies under development and the estimated overall mission benefits of each technology.

Change-based threat detection in urban environments with a forward-looking camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morton, Kenneth, Jr.; Ratto, Christopher; Malof, Jordan; Gunter, Michael; Collins, Leslie; Torrione, Peter

2012-06-01

Roadside explosive threats continue to pose a significant risk to soldiers and civilians in conflict areas around the world. These objects are easy to manufacture and procure, but due to their ad hoc nature, they are difficult to reliably detect using standard sensing technologies. Although large roadside explosive hazards may be difficult to conceal in rural environments, urban settings provide a much more complicated background where seemingly innocuous objects (e.g., piles of trash, roadside debris) may be used to obscure threats. Since direct detection of all innocuous objects would flag too many objects to be of use, techniques must be employed to reduce the number of alarms generated and highlight only a limited subset of possibly threatening regions for the user. In this work, change detection techniques are used to reduce false alarm rates and increase detection capabilities for possible threat identification in urban environments. The proposed model leverages data from multiple video streams collected over the same regions by first applying video aligning and then using various distance metrics to detect changes based on image keypoints in the video streams. Data collected at an urban warfare simulation range at an Eastern US test site was used to evaluate the proposed approach, and significant reductions in false alarm rates compared to simpler techniques are illustrated.

Pollution in America: The Trouble with Trash. Series on Public Issues No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maurice, S. Charles; Smithson, Charles W.

Examined in this booklet, one of a series intended to apply economic principles to major social and political issues of the day, are such questions as the origins of interest in combating pollution, why people pollute, continuing interest in the issue, the social costs of pollution, and a possible solution to the problem, all considered from an…

76 FR 51024 - Percheron Power, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... a 100- foot-wide, 15-foot-high intake grate and a 50-foot-wide, 15-foot-high trash rack; (2) an... flows provided by the Bureau of Reclamation and the South Columbia Basin Irrigation District. The..., notices of intent, and competing applications may be filed electronically via the Internet. See 18 CFR 385...

76 FR 51025 - Percheron Power, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

...-foot-wide, 15-foot-high trash rack; (2) an approximately 100-foot-long, 20-foot-wide powerhouse..., and would operate as run-of-release using irrigation flows provided by the Bureau of Reclamation and... be filed electronically via the Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the...

77 FR 26001 - Qualified Hydro 15, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... have trash racks added. The existing 1,800-foot-long concrete-lined outlet tunnel would be lined with... bifurcation chamber and concrete gatehouse in the stilling basin that would provide flow to the penstock and... be filed electronically via the Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the...

Recreation trails in Maine and New Hampshire: A comparison of notorized, non-motorized, and non-mechanized trails

Treesearch

Ethel Wilkerson; Andrew. Whitman

2010-01-01

We sampled 112 trail segments in Maine and New Hampshire to assess the impact of motorized and non-motorized recreation on trail conditions and stream sedimentation. On each segment, we assessed physical trail conditions (width, cross-sectional area, occurrence of excessively muddy and rutted/eroded sections), presence of trash, and sedimentation at stream crossings....

75 FR 71427 - Clean River Power 11, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

...- long, 8-foot-high reinforced concrete diversion weir on Swamp Creek; (2) a 45-foot-long, 15-foot-wide, 12-foot-high reinforced concrete intake structure adjacent to the weir with a trash rack, fish screen... reinforced concrete powerhouse containing one horizontal impulse turbine with a capacity of 3.5 megawatts (MW...

Shipboard Facilities Maintenance and Manpower Utilization: Problem and Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-11-01

sweeping, butting, polishing, lacquering, stenciling, vacuuming and shampooing , garbage disposal and trash removal, and all manner of sanitary and...spaces, passageways, heads and showers, crew lounge, mess decks, exterior deck and ship sides, and all office spaces; and limited facilities...maintenance in all passageways, heads , mess decks, office spaces, and berthing areas. They will also per- form sanitization and exterior deck and

Assessment of Industry Attitudes on Collaborating with the U.S. Department of Defense in Research and Development and Technology Sharing

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

8 47 1 1 Security 1 1 Solar Control 1 Simulation Software 1 Structural Design 2 9 1 1 Thermal Design 3 11 1 3 APPENDIX III...e.g. diapers , trash bags) 3259 Plastic color concentrates and compounds 3261 ESD control flooring, wall base. Extruded thermoplastic sheet for

Science 101: What Determines the Quality of Musical Notes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Bill

2014-01-01

Compare the sounds produced by a symphony with those produced by a high school orchestra, the notes produced by hitting a tympani with those produced by hitting a trash can lid, and the sounds produced by Al Green with those produced by Yoko Ono. Even though the pitch of a note (determined by the "frequency" of the sound wave) is the…

Seasonal variations on sugarcane trash quantity and quality that directly concern factory processors and refiners

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In sugar manufacture, there is a trend in the United States and worldwide to produce very high purity (VHP) and very low color (VLC) raw sugars for vertical integration from the field to the refinery. New refineries in Louisiana (LA) are expected to be operational in the next few years. One of thes...

Seasonal variations on sugarcane trash quantity and quality that directly concern refiners

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

There is a trend in the U.S. and world-wide to produce very high pol (VHP) and very low color (VLC) raw sugars for vertical integration from the field to the refinery. Great variations in the color and quality of raw and VHP/VLC sugars exist mostly because of the range in quality of the cane supply...

Continued work to develop a low-cost sensor to detect plastic contamination in seed cotton at the gin

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Contamination of cotton from plastic trash that collects in cotton fields or introduced at the gin or due to mishandling at the warehouse is one of the most significant threats to US cotton world market share. For U.S. cotton to maintain its status as “contamination-free”, the industry must strive t...

75 FR 5780 - Claverack Creek, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-04

... capacity of 450 kilowatts; (4) an existing 10- foot-wide, 8-foot-deep intake canal; (5) new trash racks... Commission's Web site under the ``eFiling'' link. If unable to be filed electronically, documents may be... information on how to submit these types of filings please go to the Commission's Web site located at http...

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Yields and Energy Recovery from Co-Feeding of Cotton Gin Trash, Cow Manure, and Microalgae: A Simulation Study.

PubMed

Hanif, Muhammad Usman; Capareda, Sergio C; Iqbal, Hamid; Arazo, Renato Ortiz; Baig, Muhammad Anwar

2016-01-01

The intensive search of new and cleaner energy catches interest in recent years due to huge consumption of fossil fuels coupled with the challenge of energy and environmental sustainability. Production of renewable and environmentally benign energy from locally available raw materials is coming in the frontline. In this work, conversion of the combined biomass (cotton gin trash, cow manure, and Microalgae [Nannochloropsis oculata]) through batch pyrolysis has been investigated. The effect of temperature to the production of energy fuels such as bio-oil, char, and biogas have been simulated considering the yield and energy content as responses. Result of the investigation generally revealed that the proportions of the different biomass did not significantly affect the product yield and energy recovery. Significant effect of temperature is evident in the simulation result of energy recovery whereby maximum conversion was achieved at 400°C for char (91 wt%), 600°C for syngas (22 wt%), and 551°C for bio-oil (48 wt%). Overall energy conversion efficiency of 75.5% was obtained at 589°C in which 15.6 MJ/kg of mixed biomass will be elevated to pyrolysis products.

Effects of a mulch layer on the assemblage and abundance of mesostigmatan mites and other arthropods in the soil of a sugarcane agro-ecosystem in Australia.

PubMed

Manwaring, M; Wallace, H M; Weaver, H J

2018-03-01

Sugarcane farmers can utilise a soil conservation technique called green cane trash blanketing, a form of mulching that can increase plant productivity through a number of channels, e.g., via altering soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and influence soil arthropod assemblages. Predatory mites (Mesostigmata) are important components of soil communities because they can control populations of other soil-dwelling pest species. Our aim was to characterise mulch-influenced predatory Mesostigmata community assemblages in sugarcane soils in Queensland, Australia. We found that application of a mulch layer significantly increased the abundance of Mesostigmata, and oribatid mites and collembolans, in soils. Furthermore, we observed that the assemblages of Mesostigmata in soil covered by mulch were significantly different to those in bare soil; and the assemblages of Mesostigmata changed over time. The assemblages of Mesostigmata, but not Oribatida or collembolans, were significantly different in soil under mulch depending on whether the mulch was freshly laid, or decomposing. Our results show that the use of mulch, specifically the green cane trash blanket, can increase overall microarthropod abundance including Mesostigmata. This is likely due to increased habitat complexity and changing resource availability.

Attributes of desert tortoise populations at the National Training Center, Central Mojave Desert, California, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berry, K.H.; Bailey, T.Y.; Anderson, K.M.

2006-01-01

We sampled 21 study plots for desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Each plot was sampled once between 1997 and 2003 to obtain a snapshot of population attributes, status, and relationships between tortoise densities and human activities. Densities ranged from <1 to 28 tortoises km-2; overall, tortoises were uncommon to rare at 16 of the 21 plots. Tortoise densities were negatively correlated with death rates, infectious disease (mycoplasmosis), surface disturbance and trash. Health status of tortoises was correlated with some anthropogenic uses. The presence of infectious disease in tortoises was negatively correlated with distances from offices, the Ft. Irwin cantonment, and paved roads. Also, significantly more tortoises with shell disease were found on plots with current and recent military use than on plots with no history of military use. Factors contributing to or causing deaths of tortoises included vehicles, vandalism, predation, mycoplasmosis and shell diseases. Annual death rates for subadult and adult tortoises ranged from 1.9% to 95.2% for the 4 years preceding surveys. Deaths from anthropogenic sources were significantly correlated with surface disturbances, trash, military ordnance, and proximity to offices and paved roads-typical characteristics of military training areas.

Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter from wood and dung cooking fires, brick kilns, generators, trash and crop residue burning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stone, Elizabeth; Jayarathne, Thilina; Stockwell, Chelsea; Christian, Ted; Bhave, Prakash; Siva Praveen, Puppala; Panday, Arnico; Adhikari, Sagar; Maharjan, Rashmi; Goetz, Doug; DeCarlo, Peter; Saikawa, Eri; Yokelson, Robert

2016-04-01

The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMASTE) field campaign targeted the in situ characterization of widespread and under-sampled combustion sources. In Kathmandu and the Terai, southern Nepal's flat plains, samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected from wood and dung cooking fires (n = 22), generators (n = 2), groundwater pumps (n = 2), clamp kilns (n = 3), zig-zag kilns (n = 3), trash burning (n = 4), one heating fire, and one crop residue fire. Co-located measurements of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds allowed for the application of the carbon mass balance approach to estimate emission factors for PM2.5, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and water-soluble inorganic ions. Organic matter was chemically speciated using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sterols, n-alkanes, hopanes, steranes, and levoglucosan, which accounted for 2-8% of the measured organic carbon. These data were used to develop molecular-marker based profiles for use in source apportionment modeling. This study provides quantitative emission factors for particulate matter and its constituents for many important combustion sources in Nepal and South Asia.

Association between litterers' profile and littering behavior: A chi-square approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asmui, Mas'udah; Zaki, Suhanom Mohd; Wahid, Sharifah Norhuda Syed; Mokhtar, Noorsuraya Mohd; Harith, Siti Suhaila

2017-05-01

Littering is not a novelty, yet a prolonged issue. The solutions have been discussed for a long time; however this issue still remains unresolved. Littering is commonly associated with littering behavior and awareness. The littering behavior is normally influenced by the litter profile such as gender, family income, education level and age. Jengka Street market, which is located in Pahang, is popularly known as a trade market. It offers diversities of wet and dry goods and is awaited by local residents and tourists. This study analyzes association between litterers' profile and littering behavior. Littering behavior is measured based on factors of trash bin facilities, awareness campaign and public littering behavior. 114 respondents were involved in this study with 62 (54.39%) are female aged more than 18 years old and majority of these female respondents are diploma holders. In addition, 78.95% of the respondents have family income below than RM3,000.00 per month. Based on the data analysis, it was found that first-time visitors littered higher than frequent visitors, lack of providing trash bin facilities contributes to positive littering behavior and there is a significant association between litterers' age and littering behavior by using chi-square approach.

Pharmaceuticals in drinking water: local analysis of the problem and finding a solution through awareness.

PubMed

Leal, Julie Ehret; Thompson, Amy N; Brzezinski, Walter A

2010-01-01

To evaluate public awareness of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and to develop educational efforts to promote awareness in our community. A review of the literature was conducted to gain a full perspective of the current issue. Questionnaires, interviews, and website feedback were used to assess awareness of the problem and the most commonly used medication disposal methods. In addition, educational flyers were created to disseminate information to the public. The questionnaires were completed by a total of 96 respondents. Of respondents employed in health care, 72% had previous knowledge of pharmaceutical medications being found in our local (Charleston, SC) water supply, and of respondents not employed in health care, 54% had previous knowledge. For those with previous knowledge, 7% disposed of medications in the toilet or sink, 38% used the trash, and 36% used multiple methods. Of respondents indicating no previous knowledge, 3% disposed of medications in the toilet or sink, 35% used the trash, and 42% used multiple methods. Public awareness of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and educational efforts focusing on proper disposal of medications are essential in helping to reduce drinking water contamination.

Proposed Construction of Boulder Seismic Station Monitoring Sites, Boulder, Wyoming. Environmental Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

power battery box and controllers, WiFi radio, network switch, vault seismometers, infrasonic digitizers, and excess cabling. In addition to the...installed around the boreholes. Immediately upon completion, each site will be cleared of all unused equipment, debris, materials, and trash . All...controllers, WiFi radio, network switch, vault seismometers, infrasonic digitizers, and excess cabling. In addition to the permanent infrastructure listed

Recycling waste-paper

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Widener, Edward L.

1990-01-01

Perhaps 80 percent of papermaking energy is expended in chemical pulping of vegetable cellulose, a natural polymer. Commercial supplies of wood, bagasse, cotton and flax are valued as renewable resources and bio-mass assets; however, few enterprises will salvage waste-paper and cardboard from their trash. A basic experiment in the Materials Lab uses simple equipment to make crude handsheets. Students learn to classify secondary fibers, identify contraries, and estimate earnings.

Modernism, Postmodernism, or Neither? A Fresh Look at "Fine Art"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamhi, Michelle Marder

2006-01-01

Numerous incidents have been reported in recent years wherein a work of art is mistaken as trash. The question is, how have people reached the point in the civilized world where a purported work of art cannot be distinguished from a pile of rubbish or a grid of condensation pipes? The answer to that question lies in the basic assumption of nearly…

It’s Easy to Recycle at NCI at Frederick | Poster

Cancer.gov

From 2013 through the first quarter of 2018, NCI at Frederick has recycled over 1,667 tons of material, while incinerating or landfilling over 4,273 tons of trash. This earns us a recycling rate close to 28 percent, which is below the national average of 32 percent, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, and well below our goal of 50 percent. (These numbers only

Historical Archaeology of the United States Industrial Indian School at Phoenix: Investigations of a Turn of the Century Trash Dump. Anthropological Field Studies Number 42.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindauer, Owen; Ferguson, Deborah; Glass, Margaret; Hatfield, Virginia; McKenna, Jeanette A.; Dering, Phil

The Phoenix Indian School served as a coeducational, federal educational institution for American Indian primary and secondary students between 1891 and 1990. Covering 10 blocks and enrolling over 600 Indian children aged 8-18, this boarding school used education to assimilate students into Anglo-American culture. This monograph describes…

Aircraft Survivability: Assuring M&S Credibility for Defense Acquisition and T&E, Fall 2001

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

Acquisition and T&E, Fall 2001 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER...Dave worked his way through col- lege at Disneyland , first selling ice cream and then picking up trash. Dave met his wife, Te r r i , his freshman

Design of Lockage Waiting Areas at L.S.A.F. (Lower Saint Anthony Falls) Lock, Lock Number 2, and Lock Number 3, Upper Mississippi River.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

RIVER. 41. PKRFORING ORG. REPORT Nme T% AUTNOR(q) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUNUERfa) DACW37-77-C-0148 PERORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PRGRAM ... prevent erosion. The other facilities provided 7 will be navigation buoys, a lockage waiting area sign, and two trash receptacles. LOCK 2. UPPER APPROACH

Micro-Cultural Influences on Theory of Mind Development: A Comparative Study of Middle-Class and "Pemulung" Children in Jakarta, Indonesia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuntoro, Ike Anggraika; Saraswati, Liliek; Peterson, Candida; Slaughter, Virginia

2013-01-01

We investigated cultural influences on young children's acquisition of social-cognitive concepts. A theory of mind (ToM) scale (Wellman & Liu, 2004) was given to 129 children (71 boys, 58 girls) ranging in age from 3 years 0 months to 7 years 10 months. The children were from three distinct cultural groups: (a) trash pickers…

75 FR 71427 - Clean River Power 12, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

..., reinforced concrete diversion weir on Ruth Creek; (2) a 45-foot-long, 15-foot-wide, 12-foot-high reinforced concrete intake structure adjacent to the weir with a trash rack, fish screen, and closure gate; (3) a 0.1... penstock from the intake structure to the powerhouse; (5) a 60-foot-long, 40-foot-wide reinforced concrete...

Trash Treasures. Operation Waste Watch: The New Three Rs for Elementary School. Grade 5. [Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia State Dept. of Waste Management, Richmond. Div. of Litter & Recycling.

This publication, the sixth in a series of seven for elementary schools, is an environmental education curriculum guide with a focus on waste management issues. While children may be unable to resolve other environmental problems litter is cited as one pollutant that they can comprehend and solve. They can learn to dispose of waste properly, help…

78 FR 2984 - Antrim County; Notice of Application Tendered for Filing With the Commission, Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

...-wide bays with a trash rack having a 1[frac34]-inch clear bar spacing; (5) two turbine- generator units for a combined installed capacity of 0.700 megawatt; (6) two turbine gates used to spill excess water... in a run-of-river mode and the water surface elevation is maintained at 590.8 feet Elk Rapids dam...

76 FR 7838 - Claverack Creek, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

...-deep intake canal; (5) new trash racks, head gates, and stop log structure; (6) an existing 6-foot... Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's Web site http://www.ferc... copy of the application, can be viewed or printed on the ``eLibrary'' link of the Commission's Web site...

Microbial Characterization of Solid-Wastes Treated with Heat Melt Compaction Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strayer, Richard F.; Hummerick, Mary E.; Richards, Jeffrey T.; McCoy, LaShelle E.; Roberts, Michael S.; Wheeler, Raymond M.

2011-01-01

The research purpose of the project was to determine the fate of microorganisms in space-generated solid wastes after processing by a Heat Melt Compactor (HMC), which is a candidate solid waste treatment technology. Five HMC product disks were generated at Ames Research Center (ARC), Waste Management Systems element. The feed for two was simulated space-generated trash and feed for three was Volume F compartment wet waste returned on STS 130. Conventional microbiological methods were used to detect and enumerate microorganisms in HMC disks and in surface swab samples of HMC hardware before and after operation. Also, biological indicator test strips were added to the STS trash prior to compaction to test if HMC processing conditions, 150 C for approx 3 hr and dehydration, were sufficient to eliminate the test bacteria on the strips. During sample acquisition at KSC, the HMC disk surfaces were sanitized with 70% alcohol to prevent contamination of disk interiors. Results from microbiological assays indicated that numbers of microbes were greatly reduced but not eliminated by the 70% alcohol. Ten 1.25 cm diameter cores were aseptically cut from each disk to sample the disk interior. The core material was run through the microbial characterization analyses after dispersal in sterile diluent. Low counts of viable bacteria (5 to 50 per core) were found but total direct counts were 6 to 8 orders of magnitude greater. These results indicate that the HMC operating conditions might not be sufficient for complete waste sterilization, but the vast majority of microbes present in the wastes were dead or non-cultivable after HMC treatment. The results obtained from analyses of the commercial spore test strips that had been added fo the wastes prior to HMC operation further indicated that the HMC was sterilizing the wastes. Nearly all strips were recovered from the HMC disks and all of these were negative for spore growth when run through the manufacturer's protocol. The 10(exp 6) or so spores impregnated into the strips were no longer viable. Control test strips, i.e., not exposed to the HMC conditions, were all strongly positive. All isolates from the cultivable counts were identified, leading to one concern: several were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogen. The project reported here provides microbial characterization support to the Waste Management Systems element of the Life Support and Habitation Systems program.

Progress 7 Supply Vehicle Departs for Incineration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

The unpiloted Russian Progress 7 supply ship departs from the Zvezda Service Module's docking port on the International Space Station. Carrying its load of trash and urneeded equipment, it will be deorbited and burned up in the atmosphere. The undocking paves the way for the arrival of the new Progress 8, filled with fresh supplies. Soviet designers realized that long-duration missions in space would demand a constant supply of consumable materials from Earth. The cost-effective Progress spacecraft made possible an almost permanent presence in space and stands out as a single biggest contribution to this achievement. Propulsion and service systems were installed in the tail section of the vehicle and the cargo ship was inseparable during its entire flight. Upon conclusion of its supply mission to the Station, it would be directed into the atmosphere to burn up.

The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning

Treesearch

C. Wiedinmyer; S. K. Akagi; R. J. Yokelson; L. K. Emmons; J. A. Al-Saadi; J. J. Orlando; A. J. Soja

2010-01-01

The Fire INventory from NCAR version 1.0 (FINNv1) provides daily, 1 km resolution, global estimates of the trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of biomass, which includes wildfire, agricultural fires, and prescribed burning and does not include 5 biofuel use and trash burning. Emission factors used in the calculations have been updated with recent data,...

A life sciences Spacelab mission simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mason, J. A.; Musgrave, F. S.; Morrison, D. R.

1977-01-01

The paper describes the purposes of a seven-day simulated life-sciences mission conducted in a Spacelab simulator. A major objective was the evaluation of in-orbit Spacelab operations and those mission control support functions which will be required from the Payload Operations Center. Tested equipment and procedures included experiment racks, common operational research equipment, commercial off-the-shelf equipment, experiment hardware interfaces with Spacelab, experiment data handling concepts, and Spacelab trash management.

Fire tests for airplane interior materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tustin, E. A.

1980-01-01

Large scale, simulated fire tests of aircraft interior materials were carried out in salvaged airliner fuselage. Two "design" fire sources were selected: Jet A fuel ignited in fuselage midsection and trash bag fire. Comparison with six established laboratory fire tests show that some laboratory tests can rank materials according to heat and smoke production, but existing tests do not characterize toxic gas emissions accurately. Report includes test parameters and test details.

SOUTHEAST SIDE VIEW SHOWING CARPORT WITH STORAGE CLOSET ON THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SOUTHEAST SIDE VIEW SHOWING CARPORT WITH STORAGE CLOSET ON THE LEFT AND MAIN HOUSE VISIBLE THROUGH CARPORT ON THE RIGHT. A PARTIAL HEIGHT TRASH ENCLOSURE CAN BE SEEN NEXT TO THE CARPORT - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, U-Shaped Two-Bedroom Single-Family Type 6, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Waste Away--Information and Activities for Investigating Trash Problems and Solutions for Upper Elementary and Junior High School Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vermont Inst. of Natural Science, Woodstock.

The solid waste problem is so pervasive that it can no longer be ignored. The purpose of this set of materials is to encourage a lifestyle that includes the use of the three R's: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. It was designed to educate upper elementary and junior high school students who may educate their classmates, families, and community about the…

78 FR 64933 - Pepperell Hydro Company, LLC; Notice of Application Tendered for Filing With the Commission and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

...-mile-long, 294- acre impoundment with a normal water surface elevation of 200.0 feet NAVD88; (3) a 25...-high trash sluice gate; (6) six 8-foot-wide, 10-foot-high turbine bay headgates with 17.33-foot-high... 640-kilowatt (kW) turbine-generating units for a total installed capacity 1,920 kW; (8) three 11.5...

Medical Service: Quarantine Regulations of the Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-24

of protected species raised in captivity. h. Any insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, or other invertebrate animals, bacteria , fungi...Regulated article – aircraft, when notified. i. Mexican Fruit Fly (1) Regulated Articles. Citrus fruit except lemons and sour limes, apples...soybeans, peanuts in shells, and peanut shells; hay and straw; seed cotton and gin trash; cantaloupes, peppers , and other produce; l e a f t o b a

Comparison of mercury bioaccumulation between wild and mariculture food chains from a subtropical bay of Southern China.

PubMed

Qiu, Yao-Wen; Wang, Wen-Xiong

2016-02-01

Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of mercury (Hg) both in the natural marine ecosystem and the mariculture ecosystem were studied at Daya Bay, a subtropical bay in Southern China. Averaged Hg concentrations in sediment, phytoplankton, macrophyte, shrimp, crab, shellfish, planktivorous fish, carnivorous fish, farmed pompano, farmed snapper, compound feed and trash fish were 0.074, 0.054, 0.044, 0.098, 0.116, 0.171, 0.088, 0.121, 0.210, 0.125, 0.038 and 0.106 μg g(-1) dw, respectively. These Hg levels were at the low-middle ends of the global range. Positive correlation between Hg concentrations in farmed fish and fish weights/sizes was observed, whereas no clear correlation between Hg concentrations and lipid contents was found. Hg concentrations followed macrophyte < phytoplankton < sediment < planktivorous fish < shrimp < crab < carnivorous fish < shellfish, and commercial feed < trash fish < farmed fish. Hg was biomagnified along the marine food chain in the ecosystem of Daya Bay. Hg levels in the farmed fish were higher than those in the wild fish primarily because of the higher Hg level in fish feed and the smaller size of marine wild fish.

Fairness as partiality aversion: the development of procedural justice.

PubMed

Shaw, Alex; Olson, Kristina

2014-03-01

Adults and children dislike inequity-people being paid unequally for equal work. However, adults will allow inequity if the inequity is determined using an impartial procedure, indicating that they value procedural justice. It is unknown whether children value procedural justice when distributing resources. We investigated whether 5- to 8-year-old children would willingly create inequity between two recipients if they could do so using an impartial procedure. In Experiment 1, children preferred to use an impartial procedure (spinning a wheel that gave both recipients an equal chance to get a resource) over a partial procedure (spinning a wheel that gave one recipient a much better chance to get the resource). In Experiments 2 and 3, children preferred to use the same impartial procedure to assign a resource to one of two recipients, even over an option of keeping things equal by throwing the resource in the trash. Importantly, children preferred to throw the resource in the trash to uphold equality when the only other option was a partial procedure. Older children showed a stronger aversion to using partial procedures than younger children. These results suggest that children value procedural justice increasingly during middle childhood and that their fairness concerns may be more about avoiding partiality than inequity per se. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya

PubMed Central

Ngo, Nicole S.; Gatari, Michael; Yan, Beizhan; Chillrud, Steven N.; Bouhamam, Kheira; Kinneym, Patrick L.

2015-01-01

Few studies examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet urbanization rates there are among the highest in the world. In this study, we measured 8-hr average occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ultra violet active-particulate matter (UV-PM), and trace elements for individuals who worked along roadways in Nairobi, specifically bus drivers, garage workers, street vendors, and women who worked inside informal settlements. We found BC and re-suspended dust were important contributors to PM2.5 levels for all study populations, particularly among bus drivers, while PM2.5 exposure levels for garage workers, street vendors, and informal settlement residents were not statistically different from each other. We also found a strong signal for biomass emissions and trash burning, which is common in Nairobi’s low-income areas and open-air garages. These results suggest that the large portion of urban residents in SSA who walk along roadways would benefit from air quality regulations targeting roadway emissions from diesel vehicles, dust, and trash burning. This is the first study to measure occupational exposure to urban air pollution in SSA and results imply that roadway emissions are a serious public health concern. PMID:26034383

Solid waste and pancreatic cancer: an ecologic study in Florida, USA.

PubMed

Schwartz, G G; Skinner, H G; Duncan, R

1998-10-01

Other than cigarette smoking, modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer have not been consistently identified. This study explored the ecologic relationship between pancreatic cancer incidence and measures of cigarette smoking, income, and solid waste collection for Florida's 67 counties. We used Florida's population-based cancer registry to compare county-specific incidence rates of pancreatic cancer among Whites to median household income, the per county prevalence of cigarette smoking, and to measures of per capita municipal solid waste collected. County-specific incidence rates for pancreatic cancer ranged from 0 to 8.1 per 100,000 per year and were significantly correlated with income (r = 0.35), cigarette smoking (r = 0.39), and solid waste (r = 0.47). The correlation between pancreatic cancer and solid waste was largely attributable to one sub-component of solid waste, yard trash (grass clippings, and tree and shrub trimmings) (r = 0.42). Using a stepwise regression procedure, only cigarette smoking and yard trash remained significant in the model. These data suggest that some factor associated with grass and tree trimmings, e.g. insecticides and herbicides, may increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. This hypothesis is consistent with several reports of pancreatic cancer and insecticide exposure in individuals and may suggest new avenues for research in pancreatic cancer.

Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngo, Nicole S.; Gatari, Michael; Yan, Beizhan; Chillrud, Steven N.; Bouhamam, Kheira; Kinney, Patrick L.

2015-06-01

Few studies examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet urbanization rates there are among the highest in the world. In this study, we measured 8-hr average occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ultra violet active-particulate matter (UV-PM), and trace elements for individuals who worked along roadways in Nairobi, specifically bus drivers, garage workers, street vendors, and women who worked inside informal settlements. We found BC and re-suspended dust were important contributors to PM2.5 levels for all study populations, particularly among bus drivers, while PM2.5 exposure levels for garage workers, street vendors, and informal settlement residents were not statistically different from each other. We also found a strong signal for biomass emissions and trash burning, which is common in Nairobi's low-income areas and open-air garages. These results suggest that the large portion of urban residents in SSA who walk along roadways would benefit from air quality regulations targeting roadway emissions from diesel vehicles, dust, and trash burning. This is the first study to measure occupational exposure to urban air pollution in SSA and results imply that roadway emissions are a serious public health concern.

Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya.

PubMed

Ngo, Nicole S; Gatari, Michael; Yan, Beizhan; Chillrud, Steven N; Bouhamam, Kheira; Kinneym, Patrick L

2015-06-01

Few studies examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet urbanization rates there are among the highest in the world. In this study, we measured 8-hr average occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC), ultra violet active-particulate matter (UV-PM), and trace elements for individuals who worked along roadways in Nairobi, specifically bus drivers, garage workers, street vendors, and women who worked inside informal settlements. We found BC and re-suspended dust were important contributors to PM 2.5 levels for all study populations, particularly among bus drivers, while PM 2.5 exposure levels for garage workers, street vendors, and informal settlement residents were not statistically different from each other. We also found a strong signal for biomass emissions and trash burning, which is common in Nairobi's low-income areas and open-air garages. These results suggest that the large portion of urban residents in SSA who walk along roadways would benefit from air quality regulations targeting roadway emissions from diesel vehicles, dust, and trash burning. This is the first study to measure occupational exposure to urban air pollution in SSA and results imply that roadway emissions are a serious public health concern.

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Yields and Energy Recovery from Co-Feeding of Cotton Gin Trash, Cow Manure, and Microalgae: A Simulation Study

PubMed Central

Hanif, Muhammad Usman; Capareda, Sergio C.; Iqbal, Hamid; Arazo, Renato Ortiz; Baig, Muhammad Anwar

2016-01-01

The intensive search of new and cleaner energy catches interest in recent years due to huge consumption of fossil fuels coupled with the challenge of energy and environmental sustainability. Production of renewable and environmentally benign energy from locally available raw materials is coming in the frontline. In this work, conversion of the combined biomass (cotton gin trash, cow manure, and Microalgae [Nannochloropsis oculata]) through batch pyrolysis has been investigated. The effect of temperature to the production of energy fuels such as bio-oil, char, and biogas have been simulated considering the yield and energy content as responses. Result of the investigation generally revealed that the proportions of the different biomass did not significantly affect the product yield and energy recovery. Significant effect of temperature is evident in the simulation result of energy recovery whereby maximum conversion was achieved at 400°C for char (91 wt%), 600°C for syngas (22 wt%), and 551°C for bio-oil (48 wt%). Overall energy conversion efficiency of 75.5% was obtained at 589°C in which 15.6 MJ/kg of mixed biomass will be elevated to pyrolysis products. PMID:27043929

Characterization of microbial and chemical composition of shuttle wet waste with permanent gas and volatile organic compound analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peterson, B. V.; Hummerick, M.; Roberts, M. S.; Krumins, V.; Kish, A. L.; Garland, J. L.; Maxwell, S.; Mills, A.

2004-01-01

Solid-waste treatment in space for Advanced Life Support, ALS, applications requires that the material can be safely processed and stored in a confined environment. Many solid-wastes are not stable because they are wet (40-90% moisture) and contain levels of soluble organic compounds that can contribute to the growth of undesirable microorganisms with concomitant production of noxious odors. In the absence of integrated Advanced Life Support systems on orbit, permanent gas, trace volatile organic and microbiological analyses were performed on crew refuse returned from the volume F "wet" trash of three consecutive Shuttle missions (STS-105, 109, and 110). These analyses were designed to characterize the short-term biological stability of the material and assess potential crew risks resulting from microbial decay processes during storage. Waste samples were collected post-orbiter landing and sorted into packaging material, food waste, toilet waste, and bulk liquid fractions deposited during flight in the volume F container. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial loads were determined in each fraction by cultivation on R2A and by acridine orange direct count (AODC). Dry and ash weights were performed to determine both water and organic content of the materials. Experiments to determine the aerobic and anaerobic biostability of refuse stored for varying periods of time were performed by on-line monitoring of CO 2 and laboratory analysis for production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. Volatile organic compounds and permanent gases were analyzed using EPA Method TO15 by USEPA et al. [EPA Method TO15, The Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air using SUMMA, Passivated Canister Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis, 1999] with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography with selective detectors. These baseline measures of waste stream content, labile organics, and microbial load in the volume F Shuttle trash provide data for waste subsystem analysis and atmospheric management within the ALS Project.

Characterization of microbial and chemical composition of shuttle wet waste with permanent gas and volatile organic compound analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peterson, B. V.; Hummerick, M.; Roberts, M. S.; Krumins, V.; Kish, A. L.; Garland, J. L.; Maxwell, S.; Mills, A.

2004-01-01

Solid-waste treatment in space for Advanced Life Support, ALS, applications requires that the material can be safely processed and stored in a confined environment. Many solid-wastes are not stable because they are wet (40-90% moisture) and contain levels of soluble organic compounds that can contribute to the growth of undesirable microorganisms with concomitant production of noxious odors. In the absence of integrated Advanced Life Support systems on orbit, permanent gas, trace volatile organic and microbiological analyses were performed on crew refuse returned from the volume F "wet" trash of three consecutive Shuttle missions (STS-105, 109, and 110). These analyses were designed to characterize the short-term biological stability of the material and assess potential crew risks resulting from microbial decay processes during storage. Waste samples were collected post-orbiter landing and sorted into packaging material, food waste, toilet waste, and bulk liquid fractions deposited during flight in the volume F container. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial loads were determined in each fraction by cultivation on R2A and by acridine orange direct count (AODC). Dry and ash weights were performed to determine both water and organic content of the materials. Experiments to determine the aerobic and anaerobic biostability of refuse stored for varying periods of time were performed by on-line monitoring of CO2 and laboratory analysis for production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. Volatile organic compounds and permanent gases were analyzed using EPA Method TO15 by USEPA et al. [EPA Method TO15, The Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air using SUMMA, Passivated Canister Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis,1999] with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography with selective detectors. These baseline measures of waste stream content, labile organics, and microbial load in the volume F Shuttle trash provide data for waste subsystem analysis and atmospheric management within the ALS Project. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Mining the Midden: A Facility for Dynamic Waste Harvesting at the Cedar Hills Regional Landfill

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allan, Aaron

Mining the Midden intends to re-frame the sanitary landfill as a new typology of public land containing an embodied energy of cultural and material value. By reconnecting the public with the landfill and seriously exposing its layers of history and then digesting both mined and new waste within an industrial facility of materials recovery and plasma gasification technology waste-to-energy plant. The sequence of experience for a public visitor begins where the waste is transformed to energy and flows in the opposite direction of the trash through the facility and then into the active landfill mining operation which is the large site component of the project. The mine is flanked by the visitor path, which is suspended from the soldier piles of the excavation system and allows the visitor to interpret along the 1/3 mile path their personal connection to the waste stream and the consumption patterns which drive our waste. Interpretation results from multi-sensory experience of the open mine and its connection to the processing structure as one hovers above, through moments of seeing through structural glass lagging directly into the sectional cut of the landfill, and through cultural artifacts harvested by landfill archaeologists which are displayed in rhythm with the structure and lagging. The culmination of the prescribed path is a narrow cut which frames the view of Mt. Rainier in the distance and opens up a visual connection with the remaining majority of the landfill which have up to this point been blocked by the small mountain of trash which they just walked up and through. This thesis intends that by confronting people with the juxtapositions of 2 potentially destructive mounds or mountains, and how we as a culture value and protect land while we simultaneously dump our rubbish on other lands, this experience will make the visitor more conscious of ones personal contribution to our culture of disposable commodities.

Characterization of microbial and chemical composition of shuttle wet waste with permanent gas and volatile organic compound analyses.

PubMed

Peterson, B V; Hummerick, M; Roberts, M S; Krumins, V; Kish, A L; Garland, J L; Maxwell, S; Mills, A

2004-01-01

Solid-waste treatment in space for Advanced Life Support, ALS, applications requires that the material can be safely processed and stored in a confined environment. Many solid-wastes are not stable because they are wet (40-90% moisture) and contain levels of soluble organic compounds that can contribute to the growth of undesirable microorganisms with concomitant production of noxious odors. In the absence of integrated Advanced Life Support systems on orbit, permanent gas, trace volatile organic and microbiological analyses were performed on crew refuse returned from the volume F "wet" trash of three consecutive Shuttle missions (STS-105, 109, and 110). These analyses were designed to characterize the short-term biological stability of the material and assess potential crew risks resulting from microbial decay processes during storage. Waste samples were collected post-orbiter landing and sorted into packaging material, food waste, toilet waste, and bulk liquid fractions deposited during flight in the volume F container. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial loads were determined in each fraction by cultivation on R2A and by acridine orange direct count (AODC). Dry and ash weights were performed to determine both water and organic content of the materials. Experiments to determine the aerobic and anaerobic biostability of refuse stored for varying periods of time were performed by on-line monitoring of CO2 and laboratory analysis for production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. Volatile organic compounds and permanent gases were analyzed using EPA Method TO15 by USEPA et al. [EPA Method TO15, The Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air using SUMMA, Passivated Canister Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis,1999] with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography with selective detectors. These baseline measures of waste stream content, labile organics, and microbial load in the volume F Shuttle trash provide data for waste subsystem analysis and atmospheric management within the ALS Project. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

111. Photocopied August 1978. FOREBAY AND POWER HOUSE FROM WEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

111. Photocopied August 1978. FOREBAY AND POWER HOUSE FROM WEST FOREBAY EMBANKMENT, 1920 OR LATER, NOTICE THAT A GOOD PORTION OF THE GRATING OF THE ICE AND TRASH RACK HAS BEEN REMOVED FOR THE WINTER. ICE TENDED TO FORM ON THE RACK, CLOGGING IT UP AND INHIBITING THE FLOW, THE UNION CARBIDE PLANT IS VISIBLE ON THE FAR RIGHT. (881) - Michigan Lake Superior Power Company, Portage Street, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI

China Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-29

selected from some 4,000 scenarios. More than 350 noted artists from several dozen countries, including scenario writers, critics, directors, actors and... actresses attended the festival. Outstanding among the plays staged was one called "Food From Trash" which depicts the struggle of workers at a...cessation of China’s civil war as well as our advocacy and the Chinese people’s demand for true democracy. Our reply was captioned "Kuomintang vs

Reclamation of Wood Materials Coated with Lead-Based Paint

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Also, the contractor’s deconstruction process required more labor than expected, raising the total project cost. Finally, the scale of the project did...paint1 (LBP) makes the removal and disposal of de- bris from these buildings problematic in terms of both process and cost. “Smash-n-trash...the wood that it covered. Proprietary milling machines and processes can be used to economically reclaim the lead- contaminated wood, providing a

Army Guide to Deployment Health: Health Threat Information and Countermeasures

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

TITLE AND SUBTITLE Army Guide to Deployment Health 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR (S) 5d. PROJECT...duration of deployment, whichever is less (amount required may vary – confirm individual requirements with a health care provider, medical authority ...feeding rodents can contaminate food and they can spread serious life-threatening diseases such as Hantavirus or plague. ` do not allow trash or garbage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coleman, R.

Plastics can be made from starchy food waste. This article describes a method by which these plastics break down into harmless chemicals when exposed to sunlight, water or bacteria. Degradable trash bags and agricultural mulch films can replace some of the millions of pounds of nondegradable plastics used each year. Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed that involves enzymatically converting potato waste into glucose, fermenting the glucose to lactic acid using bacteria, and then using the lactic acid to construct fully degradable plastics.

Waste streams in a typical crewed space habitat: An update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golub, M. A.; Wydeven, T.

1992-01-01

A compilation of generation rates and chemical compositions of potential waste streams in a typical crewed space habitat, reported in a prior NASA Technical Memorandum and a related journal article, was updated. This report augments that compilation by the inclusion of the following new data: those data uncovered since completion of the prior report; those obtained from Soviet literature relevant to life support issues; and those for various minor human body wastes not presented previously (saliva, flatus, hair, finger- and toenails, dried skin and skin secretions, tears, and semen), but included here for purposes of completeness. These waste streams complement those discussed previously: toilet waste (urine, feces, etc.), hygiene water (laundry, shower/handwash, dishwasher water and cleansing agents), trash, humidity condensate, perspiration and respiration water, trace contaminants, and dust generation. This report also reproduces the latest information on the environmental control and life support system design parameters for Space Station Freedom.

STS-35 Payload Specialist Parise sets up SAREX on OV-102's middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS-35 Payload Specialist Ronald A. Parise enters data into the payload and general support computer (PGSC) in preparation for Earth communication via the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. The SAREX equipment is secured to the middeck starboard sleep station. SAREX provided radio transmissions between ground based amateur radio operators around the world and Parise, a licensed amateur radio operator. The experiment enabled students to communicate with an astronaut in space, as Parise (call-sign WA4SIR) devoted some of his off-duty time to that purpose. Displayed on the forward lockers beside Parise is a AMSAT (Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation) / ARRL (American Radio Relay League) banner. Food items and checklists are attached to the lockers. In locker position MF43G, the Development Test Objective (DTO) Trash Compaction and Retention System Demonstration extended duration orbiter (EDO) compactor is visible.

Wastewater Characterization and Hazardous Waste Survey, Reese Air Force Base, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

drain. The pH of caustic soda C’?- generally classifies this waste as hazardous. h. Personnel from the CE Power Production shop are neutralizing spent ...been changed out. A disposal practice for this waste will be formulated upon determination of whether or not the spent solvent is hazardous. Shop...sampling has been S performed to determine the characteristics of this waste. Spent rags are also thrown in the trash. Personnel also perform cadmium

Skylab

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-01-01

The wardroom deck of the Orbital Workshop, showing the living quarters arrangement, is seen here in good detail. From left to right is the dining area, waste management, and sleeping quarters. Portable restraints are on the wall beside the sleeping quarters. The ergometer for the vectorcardiograph (Experiment - M093) and lower-body Negative Pressure (Experiment M092) unit, used in some of the medical experiments, are in the foreground. The round brown object in the center of the room is the trash disposal airlock.

Cost Comparative Analysis of Blast Mitigation Technologies with Regard to Explosive Remnants of War (ERW)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Division, 1998) ............................................................................13  Figure 7:  Papercrete Block with Mortar (From The Center for...40.5 inches x 10 1/8 inch wide): 2 X $71.25 = $142.50 - 55-gallon industrial plastic trash cans: $55.00 20 - 5-gallon 3M Fastbond insulation...off in physical security with regard to the access of a plastic container, compared to a steel box with a high-security hasp lock. Added security

Characterization of primary organic aerosol emissions from meat cooking, trash burning, and motor vehicles with high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry and comparison with ambient and chamber observations.

PubMed

Mohr, Claudia; Huffman, Alex; Cubison, Michael J; Aiken, Allison C; Docherty, Kenneth S; Kimmel, Joel R; Ulbrich, Ingrid M; Hannigan, Michael; Jimenez, Jose L

2009-04-01

Organic aerosol (OA) emissions from motor vehicles, meat-cooking and trash burning are analyzed here using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). High resolution data show that aerosols emitted by combustion engines and plastic burning are dominated by hydrocarbon-like organic compounds. Meat cooking and especially paper burning emissions contain significant fractions of oxygenated organic compounds; however, their unit-resolution mass spectral signatures are very similar to those from ambient hydrocarbon-like OA, and very different from the mass spectra of ambient secondary or oxygenated OA (OOA). Thus, primary OA from these sources is unlikelyto be a significant direct source of ambient OOA. There are significant differences in high-resolution tracer m/zs that may be useful for differentiating some of these sources. Unlike in most ambient spectra, all of these sources have low total m/z 44 and this signal is not dominated by the CO2+ ion. All sources have high m/z 57, which is low during high OOA ambient periods. Spectra from paper burning are similar to some types of biomass burning OA, with elevated m/z 60. Meat cooking aerosols also have slightly elevated m/z 60, whereas motor vehicle emissions have very low signal at this m/z.

Use of cotton gin trash to enhance denitrification in restored forested wetlands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ullah, S.; Faulkner, S.P.

2006-01-01

Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) has lost about 80% bottomland hardwood forests, mainly to agriculture. This landscape scale alteration of the LMV resulted in the loss of nitrate (NO3) removal capacity of the valley, contributing to nitrogen (N)-enhanced eutrophication and potentially hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Restoration of hardwood forests in the LMV is a highly recommended practice to reduce NO3 load of the Mississippi River. However, restored bottomland forests take decades to develop characteristic ecological functions including denitrifier activity. One way to enhance denitrifier activity in restored wetland forests is to amend the soils with an available carbon (C) source. This research investigated the effects of cotton gin trash (CGT) amendment on denitrification rate and N2O:N2 emission ratio from a restored bottomland forest soils and compared it to those from an adjacent unamended natural forest soils. CGT amendment increased denitrification rates in the restored forest soils to the level of the natural forest soils. N2O:N2 emission ratios from the restored and natural forest soils were highly variable and were not significantly different from each other. These findings suggest that restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in the LMV will require organic carbon amendment to achieve enhanced denitrifier activity for NO3 removal while the restored forest is developing into a mature state over time. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Trash to Treasure: From Harmful Algal Blooms to High-Performance Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Meng, Xinghua; Savage, Phillip E; Deng, Da

2015-10-20

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are frequently reported around the globe. HABs are typically caused by the so-called blue-green algae in eutrophic waters. These fast-growing HABs could be a good source for biomass. Unlike terrestrial plants, they need no land or soil. If HABs could be harvested on a large scale, it could not only possible to mitigate the issue of HABs but also provide a source of biomass. Herein, we demonstrate a facile procedure for converting the HABs into a promising high-performance negative-electrode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The carbon material derived from blue-green algae demonstrated promising electrochemical performance in reversible sodium storage. The algae used in this work was collected directly from Lake Erie during the algal blooms that affected 500 000 residents in Toledo in 2014. The carbon, derived from the freshly collected HABs by calcination in argon without any additional purification process, delivered a highly stable reversible specific capacity (∼230 mAh/g at a testing current of 20 mA/g) with nearly 100% Columbic efficiency in sodium storage. Impressive rate performance was achieved with a capacity of ∼135 mAh/g even after the testing current was increased fivefold. This proof of concept provides a promising route for mitigating the issue of HABs as "trash" and for generating high-capacity, low-cost electrodes for SIBs as "treasure".

Evaluating the feasibility of biological waste processing for long term space missions.

PubMed

Garland, J L; Alazraki, M P; Atkinson, C F; Finger, B W

1998-01-01

Recycling waste products during orbital (e.g., International Space Station) and planetary missions (e.g., lunar base, Mars transit mission, Martian base) will reduce storage and resupply costs. Wastes streams on the space station will include human hygiene water, urine, faeces, and trash. Longer term missions will contain human waste and inedible plant material from plant growth systems used for atmospheric regeneration, food production, and water recycling. The feasibility of biological and physical-chemical waste recycling is being investigated as part of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. In-vessel composting has lower manpower requirements, lower water and volume requirements, and greater potential for sanitization of human waste compared to alternative bioreactor designs such as continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Residual solids from the process (i.e. compost) could be used a biological air filter, a plant nutrient source, and a carbon sink. Potential in-vessel composting designs for both near- and long-term space missions are presented and discussed with respect to the unique aspects of space-based systems.

Evaluating the feasibility of biological waste processing for long term space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garland, J. L.; Alazraki, M. P.; Atkinson, C. F.; Finger, B. W.; Sager, J. C. (Principal Investigator)

1998-01-01

Recycling waste products during orbital (e.g., International Space Station) and planetary missions (e.g., lunar base, Mars transit mission, Martian base) will reduce storage and resupply costs. Wastes streams on the space station will include human hygiene water, urine, faeces, and trash. Longer term missions will contain human waste and inedible plant material from plant growth systems used for atmospheric regeneration, food production, and water recycling. The feasibility of biological and physical-chemical waste recycling is being investigated as part of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. In-vessel composting has lower manpower requirements, lower water and volume requirements, and greater potential for sanitization of human waste compared to alternative bioreactor designs such as continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Residual solids from the process (i.e. compost) could be used a biological air filter, a plant nutrient source, and a carbon sink. Potential in-vessel composting designs for both near- and long-term space missions are presented and discussed with respect to the unique aspects of space-based systems.

The Chern-Simons Current in Systems of DNA-RNA Transcriptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Pincak, Richard; Kanjamapornkul, Kabin; Saridakis, Emmanuel N.

2018-04-01

A Chern-Simons current, coming from ghost and anti-ghost fields of supersymmetry theory, can be used to define a spectrum of gene expression in new time series data where a spinor field, as alternative representation of a gene, is adopted instead of using the standard alphabet sequence of bases $A, T, C, G, U$. After a general discussion on the use of supersymmetry in biological systems, we give examples of the use of supersymmetry for living organism, discuss the codon and anti-codon ghost fields and develop an algebraic construction for the trash DNA, the DNA area which does not seem active in biological systems. As a general result, all hidden states of codon can be computed by Chern-Simons 3 forms. Finally, we plot a time series of genetic variations of viral glycoprotein gene and host T-cell receptor gene by using a gene tensor correlation network related to the Chern-Simons current. An empirical analysis of genetic shift, in host cell receptor genes with separated cluster of gene and genetic drift in viral gene, is obtained by using a tensor correlation plot over time series data derived as the empirical mode decomposition of Chern-Simons current.

Pattern of Cleanliness with Technology Intervention for Innovation Life

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutari Mulyani, Sitti; Hendrik, Billy; Andhika Putra, Rio; Masril, Mardhiah

2017-12-01

Environmental solutions around the world today are making people dependent on technological developments. However, the technology cannot be separated from the community either in the form or its influence, therefore the pattern of behavior of society must also get arrangements for technology to occur as an acceleration of life done properly. This study aims to obtain patterns of community behavior on non-organic waste by using technology intervention. Gap exploration is essential for theoretical and experimental analysis of humans who dispose of unorganic and organic waste out of place. But the field of behavior analysis is uniquely tailored to contribute to this body of work. Sustainable development depends on changing technology to achieve its goals. We report on data collected form an on-line survey, which possible solutions for trash problems. In this paper we present an integrated waste management system with IT that we called I-BSC (Indonesia Bersih (Clean), Sehat (Healty) and Cerdas (Smart)). This I-BSC is not only for deposit bottles and systems but the system aims also to create awareness of waste production and management, which serves as an educational platform in urban environments for further life innovation.

Nurse's Aid And Housekeeping Mobile Robot For Use In The Nursing Home Workplace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sines, John A.

1987-01-01

The large nursing home market has several natural characteristics which make it a good applications area for robotics. The environment is already robot accessible and the work functions require large quantities of low skilled services on a daily basis. In the near future, a commercial opportunity for the practical application of robots is emerging in the delivery of housekeeping services in the nursing home environment. The robot systems will assist in food tray delivery, material handling, and security, and will perform activities such as changing a resident's table side drinking water twice a day, and taking out the trash. The housekeeping work functions will generate cost savings of approximately 22,000 per year, at a cost of 6,000 per year. Technical system challenges center around the artificial intelligence required for the robot to map its own location within the facility, to find objects, and to avoid obstacles, and the development of an energy efficient mechanical lifting system. The long engineering and licensing cycles (7 to 12 years) required to bring this type of product to market make it difficult to raise capital for such a venture.

Climate Literacy for Kids: Finding Medium, Message, and Stance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, D. K.; Leon, N.; Jackson, R.; Greene, M. P.

2011-12-01

As part of NASA's Global Climate Change (climate.nasa.gov) website (winner of the 2011Webby Award for Best Science Site), Climate Kids (climate.nasa.gov/kids) presents positive role models for green careers and encourages kids to be good climate citizens. But before they will care, they must understand. Climate Kids helps kids understand climate science by communicating at their own science awareness and maturity level, and by giving them concrete ways to start helping Earth now. Climate Kids, as informal education, speaks to upper-elementary-school-age kids in their own language and using some of their favorite media. In addition to simple, liberally illustrated text explanations of the basic science concepts, cartoons and games reinforce the concepts in a fun way. A growing section on green careers interviews enthusiastic individuals currently practicing their professions. In explaining what they do, these individuals reinforce the climate science concepts and "how to help" suggestions elsewhere on the site. The games also reinforce the green career choices. "Green Careers" currently features a "green" general contractor, a home energy auditor, a water-wise landscaper, a recycling program educator, and a renewable energy scientist. The message of the scientist, who designs wind energy farms and "architectural wind" arrays, is reinforced by the "Power-up" game. In this game, players move a wind turbine up or down to capture the wind and move a solar array back and forth to stay out of cloud shadows. Depending on how many "windows" of the game's "city" light up using these alternative energy sources, the player earns a bronze, silver, gold, or platinum "medal." A recycling game reinforces the messages of the recycling program educator about the importance of recycling in saving energy, what can and cannot be recycled, and how long trash items remain in a landfill before decomposing. In the game, a variety of throw-away objects rains down from the top of the screen. Various recycling bins (glass, plastic, metal, and paper) are lined up on the left and right sides of the screen, with a trash bin at the bottom. As an item drops, the player must quickly decide what kind of material it is made of and whether it is recyclable, then guide it into the appropriate bin. As the rate of items entering play increases, any missed items fall into the trash and stay there for a length of time proportional to their decomposition time. If the trash bin gets full, the game is over. While enjoying the increasing challenge of the game, players learn to identify many items as recyclable that they may not have recognized as recyclable before. Another feature on Climate Kids is "Climate Tales," a slightly edgy animated cartoon series (two episodes so far) about the adventures of a blundering polar bear, a chirpy tamarin monkey, and a grumpy old fish as "accidental tourists" around the planet, observing and dealing with the environmental conditions they encounter. Fairly complex concepts (such as reasons and implications of the declining abundance of phytoplankton) are woven into the tales. Climate Kids is a fun site for kids, educational and realistic, and yet positive and hopeful-the only reasonable stance to present to this young audience.

A Country Divided: The Impacts of Fragmented Communities on Iraq’s Government

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

trash collection, and even conducts weddings. The Sadr Bureau also provides cooking fuel at a reduced price to the poor—at 4,000 dinars ($3.15) per...canister instead of the market price of 24,000 dinars .29 When I patrolled Sadr City in early 2005, my unit frequented sewage sub-stations (which...before they entered the city. Sadr City residents regard the Mahdi Militia as heroes; Shihab Ahmed , a 24 year-old salesmen wounded in the attack

Lac Qui Parle Flood Control Project Master Plan for Public Use Development and Resource Management.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

the project area is the disposal of dead carp. Minnesota fishing regulations prohibit fishermen from returning rough fish to lakes or rivers after...in trash cans. Unless the dead fish are removed virtually daily, they begin to decompose and smell. Due to current work- force constraints, the Corps...is unable to remove the dead fish as often as it would like. No easy solution to this problem is apparent. 6.25 Potential for Future Development The

Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army. Volume 89, Number 1, January-February 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S...with services in Qarguhliyah, resulting in iraqi government projects to resurface a key road in the area, build a bridge to replace a damaged span...to an iraqi civil conservation force to perform public works functions such as trash removal and municipal improvement projects under the direction

Environmental Assessment: Construct Airfield Lighting Vault and Demolish Building 531 at Grand Forks Air Force Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

The backfill material shall be free of bentonite, trash, frozen or organic material including lignites, humus , sod, grass, roots or other...organic material including lignites, humus , sod, grass, roots or other vegetation. The backfill material shall not be of a size greater than 3 inches, may...lignites, humus , sod, grass, roots or other vegetation. The backfill material shall not be of a size greater than 3 inches, may not contain more than 12

KSC01pp0732

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-29

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers line up containers removed from the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. The containers have returned from the International Space Station on mission STS-102. . The MPLM brought back to KSC nearly a ton of trash and excess equipment from the Space Station. Leonardo is one of three MPLMs built by the Italian Space Agency to serve as “cargo vans” to the Station, carrying supplies and equipment. In the SSPF, Leonardo will be prepared for a future mission

KSC01pp0729

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo, which is in the Space Station Processing Facility, workers begin removing the containers returned from the International Space Station on mission STS-102. The MPLM brought back to KSC nearly a ton of trash and excess equipment from the Space Station. Leonardo is one of three MPLMs built by the Italian Space Agency to serve as “cargo vans” to the Station, carrying supplies and equipment. In the SSPF, Leonardo will be prepared for a future mission

KSC01pp0731

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo, which is in the Space Station Processing Facility, workers remove one of the containers returned from the International Space Station on mission STS-102. The MPLM brought back to KSC nearly a ton of trash and excess equipment from the Space Station. Leonardo is one of three MPLMs built by the Italian Space Agency to serve as “cargo vans” to the Station, carrying supplies and equipment. In the SSPF, Leonardo will be prepared for a future mission

KSC01pp0730

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo, which is in the Space Station Processing Facility, workers look over containers returned from the International Space Station on mission STS-102. The MPLM brought back to KSC nearly a ton of trash and excess equipment from the Space Station. Leonardo is one of three MPLMs built by the Italian Space Agency to serve as “cargo vans” to the Station, carrying supplies and equipment. In the SSPF, Leonardo will be prepared for a future mission

State of the Science Workshop to Discuss Environmental Health and Protection: Personalized Tools to Support Potential and Actual Health Hazards in the Megacity Operational Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-27

term health effects from certain exposures during deployment. Specifically, poor air quality, due to trash incineration, smoke from burning oil ...focusing on rare and unanticipated environmental exposure events. The specific focus of environmental exposure episodes included oil wells and water...technology, and the informatics capability to handle these “big” data, do not currently exist and should be considered as a possible solution towards

Internal Arrangement of the Skylab Orbital Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The wardroom deck of the Orbital Workshop, showing the living quarters arrangement, is seen here in good detail. From left to right is the dining area, waste management, and sleeping quarters. Portable restraints are on the wall beside the sleeping quarters. The ergometer for the vectorcardiograph (Experiment - M093) and lower-body Negative Pressure (Experiment M092) unit, used in some of the medical experiments, are in the foreground. The round brown object in the center of the room is the trash disposal airlock.

A Robust, Gravity-Insensitive, High-Temperature Condenser for Water Recovery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Weibo; Conboy, Thomas; Ewert, Michael

2016-01-01

Regenerative life support systems are vital for NASA's future long-duration human space exploration missions. A Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) system is being developed by NASA to dry and compress trash generated during space missions. The resulting water vapor is recovered and separated from the process gas flow by a gravity-insensitive condenser. Creare is developing a high-temperature condenser for this application. The entire condenser is constructed from metals that have excellent resistance to chemical attack from contaminants and is suitable for high-temperature operation. The metal construction and design configuration also offer greatest flexibility for potential coating and regeneration processes to reduce biofilm growth and thus enhancing the reliability of the condenser. The proposed condenser builds on the gravity-insensitive phase separator technology Creare developed for aircraft and spacecraft applications. This paper will first discuss the design requirements for the condenser in an HMC system that will be demonstrated on the International Space Station (ISS). Then, it will present the overall design of the condenser and the preliminary thermal test results of a subscale condenser. Finally, this paper will discuss the predicted performance of the full-size condenser and the development plan to mature the technology and enhance its long-term reliability for a flight system.

Characterization of an exo-chitinase from a Citrobacter strain isolated from the intestine content of large yellow croakers.

PubMed

Xu, Jie; Yang, Yalin; Liu, Yang; Ran, Chao; Li, Juan; He, Suxu; Xu, Li; Ai, Xhunxiang; Zhou, Zhigang

2016-07-04

We isolated bacterial strains with chitin-degrading activity from the digesta of large yellow croakers (Pseudosciaena crocea) fed with chitin-enriched trash fish, and characterized potential chitinases thereof. Chitin-degrading strains were screened with colloidal chitin agar from the digesta of P. crocea fed with trash fish. The chitinase gene (chi-X) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymatic properties of the chitinase (CHI-X) were characterized. A Citrobacter freundii strain with chitin-degrading activity was isolated. The chitinase gene encodes a protein containing 493 amino acid residues, with a proposed glycoside hydrolase family-18 catalytic domain. CHI-X could hydrolyze colloidal chitin. The optimal pH for CHI-X was 4.0 at optimal temperature (60 ℃). CHI-X was active over a broad pH range, with around 90% of the activity maintained after incubation at pH between 3.0 and 11 for 1 h. The enzymatic activity of CHI-X was stimulated by Mn2+, Li+, and K+, but inhibited by Ag+. The enzyme was stable after treatment by proteases and grouper intestinal juice. CHI-X hydrolyzes colloidal chitin into GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2. Furthermore, an synergic effect was observed between CHIX and ChiB565 (a chitinase from Aeromonas veronii B565) on colloidal chitin. CHI-X from intestinal bacterium may be potentially used as feed additive enzyme for warm water marine fish.

Relationship between recycling rate and air pollution: Waste management in the state of Massachusetts.

PubMed

Giovanis, Eleftherios

2015-06-01

This study examines the relationship between recycling rate of solid waste and air pollution using data from a waste municipality survey in the state of Massachusetts during the period 2009-2012. Two econometric approaches are applied. The first approach is a fixed effects model, while the second is a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with fixed effects model. The advantage of the first approach is the ability of controlling for stable time invariant characteristics of the municipalities, thereby eliminating potentially large sources of bias. The second approach is applied in order to estimate the technical efficiency and rank of each municipality accordingly. The regressions control for various demographic, economic and recycling services, such as income per capita, population density, unemployment, trash services, Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) program and meteorological data. The findings support that a negative relationship between particulate particles in the air 2.5 μm or less in size (PM2.5) and recycling rate is presented. In addition, the pollution is increased with increases on income per capita up to $23,000-$26,000, while after this point income contributes positively on air quality. Finally, based on the efficiency derived by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model, the municipalities which provide both drop off and curbside services for trash, food and yard waste and the PAYT program present better performance regarding the air quality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia.

PubMed

Krystosik, Amy R; Curtis, Andrew; Buritica, Paola; Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan; Squires, Robert; Dávalos, Diana; Pacheco, Robinson; Bhatta, Madhav P; James, Mark A

2017-01-01

Cali, Colombia has experienced chikungunya and Zika outbreaks and hypoendemic dengue. Studies have explained Cali's dengue patterns but lack the sub-neighborhood-scale detail investigated here. Spatial-video geonarratives (SVG) with Ministry of Health officials and Community Health Workers were collected in hotspots, providing perspective on perceptions of why dengue, chikungunya and Zika hotspots exist, impediments to control, and social outcomes. Using spatial video and Google Street View, sub-neighborhood features possibly contributing to incidence were mapped to create risk surfaces, later compared with dengue, chikungunya and Zika case data. SVG captured insights in 24 neighborhoods. Trash and water risks in Calipso were mapped using SVG results. Perceived risk factors included proximity to standing water, canals, poverty, invasions, localized violence and military migration. These risks overlapped case density maps and identified areas that are suitable for transmission but are possibly underreporting to the surveillance system. Resulting risk maps with local context could be leveraged to increase vector-control efficiency- targeting key areas of environmental risk.

Selection of a Brine Processor Technology for NASA Manned Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carter, Donald L.; Gleich, Andrew F.

2016-01-01

The current ISS Water Recovery System (WRS) reclaims water from crew urine, humidity condensate, and Sabatier product water. Urine is initially processed by the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) which recovers 75% of the urine as distillate. The remainder of the water is present in the waste brine which is currently disposed of as trash on ISS. For future missions this additional water must be reclaimed due to the significant resupply penalty for missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). NASA has pursued various technology development programs for a brine processor in the past several years. This effort has culminated in a technology down-select to identify the optimum technology for future manned missions. The technology selection is based on various criteria, including mass, power, reliability, maintainability, and safety. Beginning in 2016 the selected technology will be transitioned to a flight hardware program for demonstration on ISS. This paper summarizes the technology selection process, the competing technologies, and the rationale for the technology selected for future manned missions.

Surgical Instrument Restraint in Weightlessness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Mark R.; Dawson, David L.; Melton, Shannon; Hooker, Dona; Cantu, Hilda

2000-01-01

Performing a surgical procedure during spaceflight will become more likely with longer duration missions in the near future. Minimal surgical capability has been present on previous missions as the definitive medical care time was short and the likelihood of surgical events too low to justify surgical hardware availability. Early demonstrations of surgical procedures in the weightlessness of parabolic flight indicated the need for careful logistical planning and restraint of surgical hardware. The consideration of human ergonomics also has more impact in weightlessness than in the conventionall-g environment. Three methods of surgical instrument restraint - a Minor Surgical Kit (MSK), a Surgical Restraint Scrub Suit (SRSS), and a Surgical Tray (ST) were evaluated in parabolic flight surgical procedures. The Minor Surgical Kit was easily stored, easily deployed, and demonstrated the best ability to facilitate a surgical procedure in weightlessness. Important factors in this surgical restraint system include excellent organization of supplies, ability to maintain sterility, accessibility while providing secure restraint, ability to dispose of sharp items and biological trash, and ergonomical efficiency.

ATV-4 Undocking

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

ISS037-E-021218 (28 Oct. 2013) --- The European Space Agency’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4), also known as the “Albert Einstein,” begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 37 mission. The ATV-4 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 4:55 a.m. (EDT) Oct. 28, 2013. The ATV, filled with trash and unneeded items, is scheduled to be sent into Earth’s atmosphere for a planned destructive re-entry over an uninhabited area of the south Pacific Ocean on Nov. 2.

ATV-4 Undocking

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

ISS037-E-021161 (28 Oct. 2013) --- The European Space Agency’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4), also known as the “Albert Einstein,” begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 37 mission. The ATV-4 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 4:55 a.m. (EDT) Oct. 28, 2013. The ATV, filled with trash and unneeded items, is scheduled to be sent into Earth’s atmosphere for a planned destructive re-entry over an uninhabited area of the south Pacific Ocean on Nov. 2.

ATV-4 Undocking

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

ISS037-E-021216 (28 Oct. 2013) --- The European Space Agency’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4), also known as the “Albert Einstein,” begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 37 mission. The ATV-4 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 4:55 a.m. (EDT) Oct. 28, 2013. The ATV, filled with trash and unneeded items, is scheduled to be sent into Earth’s atmosphere for a planned destructive re-entry over an uninhabited area of the south Pacific Ocean on Nov. 2.

ATV-4 Undocking

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

ISS037-E-021195 (28 Oct. 2013) --- The European Space Agency’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4), also known as the “Albert Einstein,” begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 37 mission. The ATV-4 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 4:55 a.m. (EDT) Oct. 28, 2013. The ATV, filled with trash and unneeded items, is scheduled to be sent into Earth’s atmosphere for a planned destructive re-entry over an uninhabited area of the south Pacific Ocean on Nov. 2.

Basic Skills Resource Center: Teaching Reading Comprehension to Adults in Basic Skills Courses

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

paper trash out to be burned 4. A hockey coach telling his players to keep shooting at the goalie . What skill, or skills, did you use to answer the...With this exercise the learner is introduced to the idea of INFERENCE. The learner’s mind must INFER the rest of the idea in order to pull the four...to pull the ideas of the paragraph together. (Lesson 3 will teach learners how to construct an "umbrella" idea to act as a topic sentence for readings

U.S. Army Central and U.S. Army Contracting Command-Rock Island Need to Improve Facility Maintenance at King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Center

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-23

cleaned so that they are free of dust, dirt, lint and human waste, and trash.” However, the contract did not explicitly state that the facilities...be free of mold/mildew. ACC–RI and ARCENT should review and modify the basic life support services contract, as necessary, to include measures...Responsibility, “The Sand Book,” July 18, 2014. 16 Unified Facility Criteria 1-202-01, “Host Nation Facilities in Support of Military Operations,” September 1

ATV-4 Undocking

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

ISS037-E-021215 (28 Oct. 2013) --- The European Space Agency’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4), also known as the “Albert Einstein,” begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 37 mission. The ATV-4 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 4:55 a.m. (EDT) Oct. 28, 2013. The ATV, filled with trash and unneeded items, is scheduled to be sent into Earth’s atmosphere for a planned destructive re-entry over an uninhabited area of the south Pacific Ocean on Nov. 2.

A Modular Approach to Endurance Loading of Subsistence Stores in Naval Vessels.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

Navy ships. Dehydrated foods like instant potatoes, powdered eggs and dry synthetic vinegar allow more endurance per package with less storage weight...Coffee, frees, dried, instant lb Coffee. roaed, ground Lb 3.oo 0.2W ga mix. dehydrated £1 cyl co Basa, trash, In-shell ai 3.460 0.2ŝ I" Witmes, tose... NOODLES , egg lb 8 F92 RICE, parboiled lb 60 G13 SPAGHETTI lb 68 G19 F82 STARCH, Corn lb 15 G21 SUGAR, CONFECTIONERY, AND NUTS COCONUT, prepared cn 4

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Congamond Lakes North Dike (MA 00072), Connecticut River Basin, Southwick, Massachusetts. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

erosion resistant surface should be designed and con - structed on the downstream face after trees and trash have been removed. The owner should also...made by the Division of Waterways to con - struct a drop inlet spillway at North Dike in order to provide a more constant iake level. Plans (12 sheets...provide a more constant lake level. Plans (12 sheets) for this pro - * posal were prepared for the Division of Waterways by Robert G. Brown & Associ

30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1885-1870. View: Masonry-lined passage-way leading to the mill at the center of its circular masonry enclosure. The passageway permitted cane to be carried to the mill and cane trash (bagasse) to be carried away. Bridges over the passageways, no longer in place, permitted the mill animals to circle and power the mill from above. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Thermal Desorption/Ultraviolet Photolysis Process Technology Research, Test, and Evaluation Performed at the Naval Construction Battalion Center, Gulfport, Mississippi, for the USAF Installation Restoration Program. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

protection needs to be changed, then protection will be upgraded, or downgraded, as appropriate. 5 . Cartridges for air-purifying respirators will be...the gloves, the legs taped to the boots, and the hood to the respirator (if appropriate). All openings shall be sealed. 5 . The protective coveralls...placed next to the trash container. Note: Suits are to be removed in an inside out fashion. m. Station 5 - Respirator Removal A rack will be available to

Interior View of the Orbital Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

This photograph is an interior view of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) upper level looking from the airlock hatch, showing the octagonal opening that separated the workshop's two levels. The trash airlock can be seen at center. The lower level of the OWS provided crew accommodations for sleeping, food preparation and consumption, hygiene, waste processing and disposal, and performance of certain experiments. The upper level consisted of a large work area and housed water storage tanks, a food freezer, storage vaults for film, scientific airlocks, mobility and stability experiment equipment, and other experimental equipment.

Commander Lousma records PGU data on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-22-122 (30 March 1982) --- STS-3 Commander Lousma, wearing communications kit assembly (ASSY) mini-headset (HDST), records Plant Growth Unit (PGU) data for the Influence of Weightlessness on Plant Lignification Experiment at forward middeck locker MF14K. The experiment is designed to demonstrate the effect of weightlessness on the quantity and rate of lignin formation in different plant species during early stages of development. Port side bulkhead with window shade and filter kit appears behind Lousma and potable water tank below him. Trash bag also appears in view. Photo credit: NASA

KSC-08pd0935

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-04-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- On a beach on NASA's Kennedy Space Center, more than 130 volunteers from the joint NASA’s Kennedy Space Center and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contract organizations give up their afternoon to gather all the “unnatural” items that had accumulated on 6.1 miles of central Florida east coast shoreline during the past 12 months. Part of the center's dedication to a clean environment, volunteers gathered enough trash to fill approximately 450 garbage bags and enough recyclable plastic and glass to fill 150 bags. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

KSC-08pd0936

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-04-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- On a beach on NASA's Kennedy Space Center, more than 130 volunteers from the joint NASA’s Kennedy Space Center and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contract organizations give up their afternoon to gather all the “unnatural” items that had accumulated on 6.1 miles of central Florida east coast shoreline during the past 12 months. Part of the center's dedication to a clean environment, volunteers gathered enough trash to fill approximately 450 garbage bags and enough recyclable plastic and glass to fill 150 bags. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

EFFECTS OF NUMBER AND LOCATION OF BINS ON PLASTIC RECYCLING AT A UNIVERSITY

PubMed Central

O'Connor, Ryan T; Lerman, Dorothea C; Fritz, Jennifer N; Hodde, Henry B

2010-01-01

The proportion of plastic bottles that consumers placed in appropriate recycling receptacles rather than trash bins was examined across 3 buildings on a university campus. We extended previous research on interventions to increase recycling by controlling the number of recycling receptacles across conditions and by examining receptacle location without the use of posted signs. Manipulating the appearance or number of recycling bins in common areas did not increase recycling. Consumers recycled substantially more plastic bottles when the recycling bins were located in classrooms. PMID:21541154

KSC-08pd0937

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-04-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- On a beach on NASA's Kennedy Space Center, more than 130 volunteers from the joint NASA’s Kennedy Space Center and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contract organizations give up their afternoon to gather all the “unnatural” items that had accumulated on 6.1 miles of central Florida east coast shoreline during the past 12 months. Part of the center's dedication to a clean environment, volunteers gathered enough trash to fill approximately 450 garbage bags and enough recyclable plastic and glass to fill 150 bags. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

KSC-08pd0934

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-04-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- On a beach on NASA's Kennedy Space Center, more than 130 volunteers from the joint NASA’s Kennedy Space Center and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contract organizations give up their afternoon to gather all the “unnatural” items that had accumulated on 6.1 miles of central Florida east coast shoreline during the past 12 months. Part of the center's dedication to a clean environment, volunteers gathered enough trash to fill approximately 450 garbage bags and enough recyclable plastic and glass to fill 150 bags. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Effects of number and location of bins on plastic recycling at a university.

PubMed

O'Connor, Ryan T; Lerman, Dorothea C; Fritz, Jennifer N; Hodde, Henry B

2010-01-01

The proportion of plastic bottles that consumers placed in appropriate recycling receptacles rather than trash bins was examined across 3 buildings on a university campus. We extended previous research on interventions to increase recycling by controlling the number of recycling receptacles across conditions and by examining receptacle location without the use of posted signs. Manipulating the appearance or number of recycling bins in common areas did not increase recycling. Consumers recycled substantially more plastic bottles when the recycling bins were located in classrooms.

Beach Clean-Up near Historic Beach House

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-12

About 50 participants led by NASA Kennedy Space Center's Employee Resource Groups picked up about 20 bags of trash and other large debris along the center's shoreline before turtle-nesting season as a community service. Sea turtle-nesting season begins in about one month. Unlike what might be found along a public beach, all of the debris that litters Kennedy’s restricted beaches washes ashore after being discarded at sea. Of the 72 miles of beach that form the eastern boundary of Brevard County, Florida, about six of those miles line Kennedy.

H2O SOS; Help heal the Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, C.

2017-12-01

Marine Debris is defined by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) as any man made object discarded, disposed of or abandoned that enters the coastal or marine environment. All marine debris can be traced back to one source: PEOPLE. The mishandling of waste materials and other items makes up the bulk of the marine debris problem. -Debris can smother sensitive ecosystems. -Pollution and clogging of watersheds -Medical and personal hygiene products can effect beach goers -Grocery bags, trash bags, fishing line can wrap around propellers and cause damage

It’s Easy to Recycle at NCI at Frederick | Poster

Cancer.gov

From 2013 through the first quarter of 2018, NCI at Frederick has recycled over 1,667 tons of material, while incinerating or landfilling over 4,273 tons of trash. This earns us a recycling rate close to 28 percent, which is below the national average of 32 percent, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, and well below our goal of 50 percent. (These numbers only include operational wastes and not construction debris.) To help improve our rates, please read the following refresher on our recycling program.

The Trend of Voluntary Warnings in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Magazine Advertisements.

PubMed

Shang, Ce; Chaloupka, Frank J

2017-01-10

Some manufacturers of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) voluntarily carried health warnings in their advertisements. This study examined these voluntary warnings in magazine ads and plotted their trends between 2012 and early 2015. ENDS magazine ads were obtained through Kantar media and warnings were collected from the Chicago Public Library or the Trinkets and Trash surveillance system. The prevalence of voluntary warnings, warnings with the specific capitalized word "WARNING", and MarkTen warnings were examined after being weighted using factors related to exposure between January 2012 and March 2015. Five brands (MarkTen, NJOY, MISTIC, and some Blu) carried warnings during the study period. The prevalence of warnings post 2012 that contained a description of nicotine did not significantly increase until the launch of MarkTen, which also happened several months before April 2014 when the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) published its proposed deeming rule. In addition, none of these warnings met the criteria required by the FDA in the final rules. Voluntary warnings, particularly MarkTen warnings, significantly increased in ENDS magazine ads between 2014 and 2015. It is important to monitor how ENDS manufacturers will comply with the FDA regulation related to warnings and how this regulation will ultimately impact ENDS risk perceptions and use.

Langley Research Center Utility Risk from Future Climate Change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

De Young, Russell J.; Ganoe, Rene

2015-01-01

The successful operation of NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) depends on services provided by several public utility companies. These include Newport News Waterworks, Dominion Virginia Power, Virginia Natural Gas and Hampton Roads Sanitation District. LaRC's plan to respond to future climate change should take into account how these companies plan to avoid interruption of services while minimizing cost to the customers. This report summarizes our findings from publicly available documents on how each company plans to respond. This will form the basis for future planning for the Center. Our preliminary findings show that flooding and severe storms could interrupt service from the Waterworks and Sanitation District but the potential is low due to plans in place to address climate change on their system. Virginia Natural Gas supplies energy to produce steam but most current steam comes from the Hampton trash burning plant, thus interruption risk is low. Dominion Virginia Power does not address climate change impacts on their system in their public reports. The potential interruption risk is considered to be medium. The Hampton Roads Sanitation District is projecting a major upgrade of their system to mitigate clean water inflow and infiltration. This will reduce infiltration and avoid overloading the pump stations and treatment plants.

The Trend of Voluntary Warnings in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Magazine Advertisements

PubMed Central

Shang, Ce; Chaloupka, Frank J.

2017-01-01

Some manufacturers of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) voluntarily carried health warnings in their advertisements. This study examined these voluntary warnings in magazine ads and plotted their trends between 2012 and early 2015. ENDS magazine ads were obtained through Kantar media and warnings were collected from the Chicago Public Library or the Trinkets and Trash surveillance system. The prevalence of voluntary warnings, warnings with the specific capitalized word “WARNING”, and MarkTen warnings were examined after being weighted using factors related to exposure between January 2012 and March 2015. Five brands (MarkTen, NJOY, MISTIC, and some Blu) carried warnings during the study period. The prevalence of warnings post 2012 that contained a description of nicotine did not significantly increase until the launch of MarkTen, which also happened several months before April 2014 when the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) published its proposed deeming rule. In addition, none of these warnings met the criteria required by the FDA in the final rules. Voluntary warnings, particularly MarkTen warnings, significantly increased in ENDS magazine ads between 2014 and 2015. It is important to monitor how ENDS manufacturers will comply with the FDA regulation related to warnings and how this regulation will ultimately impact ENDS risk perceptions and use. PMID:28075420

Urban drainage control applying rational method and geographic information technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aldalur, Beatriz; Campo, Alicia; Fernández, Sandra

2013-09-01

The objective of this study is to develop a method of controlling urban drainages in the town of Ingeniero White motivated by the problems arising as a result of floods, water logging and the combination of southeasterly and high tides. A Rational Method was applied to control urban watersheds and used tools of Geographic Information Technology (GIT). A Geographic Information System was developed on the basis of 28 panchromatic aerial photographs of 2005. They were georeferenced with control points measured with Global Positioning Systems (basin: 6 km2). Flow rates of basins and sub-basins were calculated and it was verified that the existing open channels have a low slope with the presence of permanent water and generate stagnation of water favored by the presence of trash. It is proposed for the output of storm drains, the use of an existing channel to evacuate the flow. The solution proposed in this work is complemented by the placement of three pumping stations: one on a channel to drain rain water which will allow the drain of the excess water from the lower area where is located the Ingeniero White city and the two others that will drain the excess liquid from the port area.

From food to feed: Assessment of the stationary lift net fishery of East Hainan, Northern South China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krumme, Uwe; Wang, Tian C.; Wang, Dao R.

2013-04-01

In the Asia-Pacific region, the increasing demand for low value/trash fish as feed for mariculture drives unsustainable fisheries on already overexploited marine resources. The mariculture demand may also affect artisanal nearshore fisheries operating in shallow nursery grounds, e.g., lift net fisheries, but little is known about how they work. We describe the stationary lift net artisanal fishery on the East coast of Hainan Island (northern South China Sea). A trapezoidal blanket net (mean surface area: 478 m2), stretched between four upright poles at the corners, is lowered and lifted via a rope system from a tower by a single fisher. In 2009 ˜200 households depended on 288 lift nets, 82% of which were located in the Wenchang/Wenjiao estuary. The number of lift nets decreased by 15% from 2007 to 2009. Presently, it is mainly an early retirement activity of fishers with a median age of 52 years and younger men rarely enter the fishery due to low catch rates. However, not one fisher would stop fishing even at 50% hypothetical decline in catch — due to lack of alternatives. Mean catch weight per fishing day is 12 kg (range: 0-1.7 t). In the past, the entire catch was used as food. Presently, an average of 52% of the catch is sold as feed to local pond and floating net cage mariculturists who, subsequently, supply the live food trade to markets as far as Hong Kong. Larger dead fishes are sold at village markets or at Qinglan harbor and are locally or regionally consumed. The density of lift-net operation is highest around the Wenchang/Wenjiao lagoon due to the presence of an extensive sheltered, shallow subtidal area in proximity to mariculture and export markets in Qinglan. Thus, the modern mariculture demand for low value/trash fish supports the continuation of an ancient artisanal fishery despite severe resource depletion. The existence of similar lift nets in Vietnam points to an exchange in the artisanal fishing knowledge between Vietnam and Hainan. Additionally, interviews with lift-net fishers provided valuable information on historical changes in the lagoon system (e.g., mangrove loss, sedimentation, pollution, interaction with other fishing activities), and suggest that the summer fishing moratorium of the offshore fleet leads to increased fishing pressure on inshore resources by artisanal fisheries. In conclusion, we provide suggestions for management of the inshore water resources and their artisanal fisheries.

Use of soybean meal and papain to partially replace animal protein for culturing three marine fish species: Fish growth and water quality.

PubMed

Mo, W Y; Lau, R S S; Kwok, A C K; Wong, M H

2016-12-01

The main aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using soybean meal added with papain to replace half of the fishmeal used in the moist pellets (49% fishmeal and 45% trash fish) developed by the Hong Kong Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) for culturing marine fish. Gold-lined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba), brown spotted grouper (Epinephelus bleekeri) and pompano (Trachinotus blochii) were farmed at one of the research stations (Kat-O) of AFCD, for a period of 340 days. Results indicated that diets containing papain resulted in better fish growth (reflected by relative weight gain and feed conversion ratio) than diets without papain. In general, wet weight gain of fish depends on the amount of papain added in diet rather than the diet composition. Soybean used in conjunction with papain also contributed to a more effective growth than fish fed with the moist pellets alone. A laboratory experiment (using tanks) was conducted to study the effects of the diets on concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in the tank water. Results showed that concentrations of ammonia and nitrate were significantly lower (p < 0.05) when the fish were fed with papain-supplemented (with or without soybean meal) diets. It is envisaged that by using plant protein incorporated with enzymes could promote better growth of marine fish and lower the adverse impact of trash fish and fishmeal on water quality of the mariculture zones. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.