Internal trip capture estimator for mixed-use developments.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-12-01

This report describes a spreadsheet tool for estimating trip generation for mixed-use developments, : accounting for internal trip capture. Internal trip capture is the portion of trips generated by a mixed-use : development that both begin and end w...

Final Environmental Assessment: To Relocate Air Force Explosive Ordnance Disposal Administrative Complex at Eglin Air Force Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Trips PM10E = .0022 * Trips COE = .262 * Trips Year 2010 and beyond: VOCE = .012 * Trips NOxE = .013 * Trips PM10E = .0022 * Trips COE...Air Force Base, Florida To convert from pounds per day to tons per year: VOC (tons/yr) = VOCE * DPYII/2000 NOx (tons/yr) = NOxE * DPYII/2000

The sex and age of older adults influence the outcome of induced trips.

PubMed

Pavol, M J; Owings, T M; Foley, K T; Grabiner, M D

1999-02-01

Falls are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in older adults, with up to 53% of these falls due to tripping. To aid in fall prevention, there is a need to identify the factors that determine whether a trip is recoverable and those factors that increase an older adult's risk of falling. Trips were induced during gait in 79 healthy, community-dwelling, safety-harnessed older adults (50 women) using a concealed, mechanical obstacle. Trip outcomes were graded as recoveries, falls, rope-assists, or misses. Kinematics were recorded during normal gait, without and with the safety harness. Selected gait parameters were compared to determine whether the experimental conditions affected gait at the time of the trip. Thirty-nine trip outcomes were classified as recoveries, 10 as falls, 12 as rope-assists, and 18 as misses. Women fell more than four times as frequently as men. Women younger than 70 years fell more than three times as frequently as those older. Trip outcomes in the men were essentially unaffected by age. The foot obstructed to induce the trip did not affect the trip outcome. The presence of the safety harness had almost no effect on gait. The length of the stride preceding the trip did not differ from normal. The majority of trips in healthy older adults did not result in falls. Older women were more likely than men to fall following a trip. The likelihood of falling from a trip was greatest in the youngest older women.

Geology of the National Capital Region: field trip guidebook

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burton, William; Southworth, Scott

2004-01-01

The 2004 Joint Northeast-Southeast Section Meeting of the Geological Society of America is the fourth such meeting and the third to be held in or near Washington, D.C. This guidebook and the field trips presented herein are intended to provide meeting participants, as well as other interested readers, a means to understand and enjoy the rich geological and historical legacy of the National Capital Region. The field trips cover all of the major physiographic and geologic provinces of the central Appalachians in the Mid-Atlantic region. Trip 1 outlines the tectonic history of northern Virginia along an east-to-west transect from the Coastal Plain province to the Blue Ridge province, whereas the other field trips each focus on a specific province. From west to east, these excursions investigate the paleoclimate controls on the stratigraphy of the Paleozoic rocks of the Allegheny Plateau and Valley and Ridge province in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland (Trip 3); Eocene volcanic rocks that intrude Paleozoic rocks in the westernmost Valley and Ridge province in Virginia and West Virginia (Trip 4); age, petrology, and structure of Mesoproterozoic gneisses and granitoids located in the Blue Ridge province within and near Shenandoah National Park, Virginia (Trip 2); the use of argon data to unravel the complex structural and thermal history of the metamorphic rocks of the eastern Piedmont province in Maryland and Virginia (Trip 5); the use of cosmogenic isotopes to understand the timing of bedrock incision and formation of terraces along the Potomac River in the eastern Piedmont province near Great Falls, Virginia and Maryland (Trip 6); the nature of the boundary between rocks of the Goochland and Chopawamsic terranes in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia (Trip 7); the role of bluffs and fluvial terraces of the Coastal Plain in the Civil War Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia (Trip 8); and the Tertiary lithology and paleontology of Coastal Plain strata around the Chesapeake Bay of Virginia and Maryland (Trip 9). Some of the field trips present new geochronological research that uses isotopic techniques to unravel Earth history and processes, including U-Pb dating to determine the timing of metamorphism and igneous activity associated with the Mesoproterozoic Grenville orogeny (Trip 2); argon (4DAr/39Ar) analysis to understand the complex Paleozoic history of deformation and metamorphism in the Piedmont (Trip 5); and cosmogenic beryllium-10 data to derive exposure ages of landforms and deposits of the Potomac River valley (Trip 6). Several trips shed insight on significant or enigmatic geologic features of the region. Trip 3 presents evidence for global paleoclimate controls on the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Appalachian basin, including evidence for Late Devonian glacial deposits. Trip 4 investigates unusual Eocene igneous rocks in the Eastern United States, and Trip 2 visits several local ductile high-strain zones, offering geologists opportunities to consider the importance of such structures relative to the poorly understood Rockfish Valley fault zone in the Blue Ridge province. In the Piedmont province, Trip 7 focuses on a controversial terrane boundary, whereas Trip 5 crosses several lithologic belts with distinct thermotectonic histories that suggest terrane boundaries. Trip 6 sheds new light on the erosional history of a major river gorge cut into crystalline rocks in the Fall Zone.Four trips are recommended for Earth science teachers and are cosponsored by the National Association of Geologic Teachers (NAGT). These trips focus on the tectonic history of northern Virginia (Trip 1), terraces of the Potomac River at Great Falls and cosmogenic isotope analysis to date the terraces and the incision history (Trip 6), and Tertiary lithology and paleontology of the Chesapeake Bay region (Trip 9). Trip 8 takes advantage of the rich Civil War history of this region to look at the role that geology played in the strategies and outcome of the Battle of Fredericksburg. This guidebook is the result of much hard work by many individuals. The editors wish to thank the field trip leaders and authors, the technical reviewers, and Nancy Stamm of ths USGS Geologic Names Committee. We also owe a very special thanks to Linda Gundersen, Chief Scientist, Geologic Discipline, USGS, who provided funding for the guidebook.

TRIP-Br2 promotes oncogenesis in nude mice and is frequently overexpressed in multiple human tumors

PubMed Central

Cheong, Jit Kong; Gunaratnam, Lakshman; Zang, Zhi Jiang; Yang, Christopher M; Sun, Xiaoming; Nasr, Susan L; Sim, Khe Guan; Peh, Bee Keow; Rashid, Suhaimi Bin Abdul; Bonventre, Joseph V; Salto-Tellez, Manuel; Hsu, Stephen I

2009-01-01

Background Members of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of mammalian transcriptional coregulators have recently been implicated in E2F-mediated cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. We, herein, focus on the detailed functional characterization of the least understood member of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD protein family, TRIP-Br2 (SERTAD2). Methods Oncogenic potential of TRIP-Br2 was demonstrated by (1) inoculation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, which were engineered to stably overexpress ectopic TRIP-Br2, into athymic nude mice for tumor induction and (2) comprehensive immunohistochemical high-throughput screening of TRIP-Br2 protein expression in multiple human tumor cell lines and human tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). Clinicopathologic analysis was conducted to assess the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker of human cancer. RNA interference of TRIP-Br2 expression in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells was performed to determine the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel chemotherapeutic drug target. Results Overexpression of TRIP-Br2 is sufficient to transform murine fibroblasts and promotes tumorigenesis in nude mice. The transformed phenotype is characterized by deregulation of the E2F/DP-transcriptional pathway through upregulation of the key E2F-responsive genes CYCLIN E, CYCLIN A2, CDC6 and DHFR. TRIP-Br2 is frequently overexpressed in both cancer cell lines and multiple human tumors. Clinicopathologic correlation indicates that overexpression of TRIP-Br2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a worse clinical outcome by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Small interfering RNA-mediated (siRNA) knockdown of TRIP-Br2 was sufficient to inhibit cell-autonomous growth of HCT-116 cells in vitro. Conclusion This study identifies TRIP-Br2 as a bona-fide protooncogene and supports the potential for TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker and a chemotherapeutic drug target in human cancer. PMID:19152710

Field Trips. Beginnings Workshop.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cartwright, Sally; Aronson, Susan S.; Stacey, Susan; Winbush, Olga

2001-01-01

Five articles highlight benefits and organization of field trips: (1) "Field Trips Promote Child Learning at Its Best"; (2) "Planning for Maximum Benefit, Minimum Risk"; (3) "Coaching Community Hosts"; (4) "The Story of a Field Trip: Trash and Its Place within Children's Learning and Community"; and (5) "Field Trip Stories and Perspectives" (from…

50 CFR 622.43 - Commercial trip limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico § 622.43 Commercial trip limits. Commercial trip limits are limits on the... with any trip or possession limit applicable to state waters. A species subject to a trip limit...

28 CFR 570.42 - Non-medical escorted trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Non-medical escorted trips. 570.42... RELEASE COMMUNITY PROGRAMS Escorted Trips § 570.42 Non-medical escorted trips. (a) Non-medical escorted trips allow an inmate to leave the institution under staff escort for approved, non-medical reasons...

28 CFR 570.41 - Medical escorted trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Medical escorted trips. 570.41 Section... COMMUNITY PROGRAMS Escorted Trips § 570.41 Medical escorted trips. (a) Medical escorted trips are intended to provide an inmate with medical treatment not available within the institution. There are two types...

28 CFR 570.41 - Medical escorted trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Medical escorted trips. 570.41 Section... COMMUNITY PROGRAMS Escorted Trips § 570.41 Medical escorted trips. (a) Medical escorted trips are intended to provide an inmate with medical treatment not available within the institution. There are two types...

2004 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2005-04-01

During the 2004 calendar year, LLNL provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Implementation Program (HEU-TIP) in external and internal radiation protection and technical expertise into matters related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2004, there were 200 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 200 person-trips, 183 person-trips were SMVs and 17 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. Eight person-trips from the SMV trips were continuation trips of TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIP. The LLNL Safety Laboratories' Division provided the dosimetrymore » services for the HEU-TIP monitors.« less

Impacts of energy consumption and emissions on the trip cost without late arrival at the equilibrium state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Tie-Qiao; Wang, Tao; Chen, Liang; Shang, Hua-Yan

2017-08-01

In this paper, we apply a car-following model, fuel consumption model, emission model and electricity consumption model to explore the influences of energy consumption and emissions on each commuter's trip costs without late arrival at the equilibrium state. The numerical results show that the energy consumption and emissions have significant impacts on each commuter's trip cost without late arrival at the equilibrium state. The fuel cost and emission cost prominently enhance each commuter's trip cost and the trip cost increases with the number of vehicles, which shows that considering the fuel cost and emission cost in the trip cost will destroy the equilibrium state. However, the electricity cost slightly enhances each commuter's trip cost, but the trip cost is still approximately a constant, which indicates that considering the electricity cost in the trip cost does not destroy the equilibrium state.

Language Travel or Language Tourism: Have Educational Trips Changed So Much?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laborda, Jesus Garcia

2007-01-01

This article points out the changes in organization, students and language learning that language trips, as contrasted with educational trips (of which language trips are a subgroup) have gone through in the last years. The article emphasizes the need to differentiate between language trips and language tourism based on issues of additional…

Teachers as Secondary Players: Involvement in Field Trips to Natural Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alon, Nirit Lavie; Tal, Tali

2017-01-01

This study focused on field trips to natural environments where the teacher plays a secondary role alongside a professional guide. We investigated teachers' and field trip guides' views of the teacher's role, the teacher's actual function on the field trip, and the relationship between them. We observed field trips, interviewed teachers and…

Field Trips Put Chemistry in Context for Non-Science Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterman, Keith E.

2008-01-01

Field trips can provide excellent real-world learning situations for students in non-science major chemistry courses. The field trips described in this article are accessible, most trips can be completed within a scheduled three-hour laboratory time period, and they can be conducted at minimal cost. These field trips significantly enhanced student…

Field Trips as Valuable Learning Experiences in Geography Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krakowka, Amy Richmond

2012-01-01

Field trips have been acknowledged as valuable learning experiences in geography. This article uses Kolb's (1984) experiential learning model to discuss how students learn and how field trips can help enhance learning. Using Kolb's experiential learning theory as a guide in the design of field trips helps ensure that field trips contribute to…

TRIP13 impairs mitotic checkpoint surveillance and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma

PubMed Central

Song, Dongliang; Hu, Liangning; Xie, Bingqian; Wang, Houcai; Gao, Lu; Gao, Minjie; Xu, Hongwei; Xu, Zhijian; Wu, Xiaosong; Zhang, Yiwen; Zhu, Weiliang; Zhan, Fenghuang; Shi, Jumei

2017-01-01

AAA-ATPase TRIP13 is one of the chromosome instability gene recently established in multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common and incurable hematological malignancy. However, the specific function of TRIP13 in MM is largely unknown. Using sequential gene expression profiling, we demonstrated that high TRIP13 expression levels were positively correlated with progression, disease relapse, and poor prognosis in MM patients. Overexpressing human TRIP13 in myeloma cells prompted cell growth and drug resistance, and overexpressing murine TRIP13, which shares 93% sequence identity with human TRIP13, led to colony formation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Meanwhile, the knockdown of TRIP13 inhibited myeloma cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, and reduced tumor burden in xenograft MM mice. Mechanistically, we observed that the overexpression of TRIP13 abrogated the spindle checkpoint and induced proteasome-mediated degradation of MAD2 primarily through the Akt pathway. Thus, our results demonstrate that TRIP13 may serve as a biomarker for MM disease development and prognosis, making it a potential target for future therapies. PMID:28157697

Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals.

PubMed

Smith, Richard D; Correa, Carlos; Oh, Cecilia

2009-02-21

The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual-property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. The question of whether TRIPS generates gains for developing countries, in the form of increased exports, is addressed in this paper through consideration of the importance of pharmaceuticals in health-care trade, outlining the essential requirements, implications, and issues related to TRIPS, and TRIPS-plus, in which increased restrictions are imposed as part of bilateral free-trade agreements. TRIPS has not generated substantial gains for developing countries, but has further increased pharmaceutical trade in developed countries. The unequal trade between developed and developing countries (ie, exporting and importing high-value patented drugs, respectively) raises the issue of access to medicines, which is exacerbated by TRIPS-plus provisions, although many countries have not even enacted provision for TRIPS flexibilities. Therefore this paper focuses on options that are available to the health community for negotiation to their advantage under TRIPS, and within the presence of TRIPS-plus.

Getting out and about in older adults: the nature of daily trips and their association with objectively assessed physical activity.

PubMed

Davis, Mark G; Fox, Kenneth R; Hillsdon, Melvyn; Coulson, Jo C; Sharp, Debbie J; Stathi, Afroditi; Thompson, Janice L

2011-10-21

A key public health objective is increasing health-enhancing physical activity (PA) for older adults (OAs). Daily trip frequency is independently associated with objectively assessed PA volumes (OAs). Little is known about correlates and these trips' transport mode, and how these elements relate to PA. to describe the frequency, purpose, and travel mode of daily trips in OAs, and their association with participant characteristics and objectively-assessed PA. Participants (n = 214, aged 78.1 SD 5.7 years), completed a seven-day trips log recording daily-trip frequency, purpose and transport mode. Concurrently participants wore an accelerometer which provided mean daily steps (steps·d-1), and minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA·d-1). Participants' physical function (PF) was estimated and demographic, height and weight data obtained. Trip frequency was associated with gender, age, physical function, walking-aid use, educational attainment, number of amenities within walking distance and cars in the household. Participants reported 9.6 (SD 4.2) trips per week (trips·wk-1). Most trips (61%) were by car (driver 44%, passenger 17%), 30% walking or cycling (active) and 9% public transport/other. Driving trips·wk-1 were more common in participants who were males (5.3 SD 3.6), well-educated (5.0 SD 4.3), high functioning (5.1 SD 4.6), younger (5.6 SD 4.9), affluent area residents (5.1 SD 4.2) and accessing > one car (7.2 SD 4.7). Active trips·wk-1 were more frequent in participants who were males (3.4 SD 3.6), normal weight (3.2 SD 3.4), not requiring walking aids (3.5 SD 3.3), well-educated (3.7 SD 0.7), from less deprived neighbourhoods (3.9 SD 3.9) and with ≥ 8 amenities nearby (4.4 SD 3.8).Public transport, and active trip frequency, were significantly associated with steps·d-1 (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for other trip modes and potential confounders. Public transport, active, or car driving trips were independently associated with minutes MVPA·d-1 (p < 0.01). Daily trips are associated with objectively-measured PA as indicated by daily MVPA and steps. Public transport and active trips are associated with greater PA than those by car, especially as a car passenger. Strategies encouraging increased trips, particularly active or public transport trips, in OAs can potentially increase their PA and benefit public health.

Addressing legal and political barriers to global pharmaceutical access: options for remedying the impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the imposition of TRIPS-plus standards.

PubMed

Cohen-Kohler, Jillian Clare; Forman, Lisa; Lipkus, Nathaniel

2008-07-01

Despite myriad programs aimed at increasing access to essential medicines in the developing world, the global drug gap persists. This paper focuses on the major legal and political constraints preventing implementation of coordinated global policy solutions - particularly, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and bilateral and regional free trade agreements. We argue that several policy and research routes should be taken to mitigate the restrictive impact of TRIPS and TRIPS-plus rules, including greater use of TRIPS flexibilities, advancement of human rights, and an ethical framework for essential medicines distribution, and a broader campaign that debates the legitimacy of TRIPS and TRIPS-plus standards themselves.

Collaborative Research: Bringing Problem Solving in the Field into the Classroom: Developing and Assessing Virtual Field Trips for Teaching Sedimentary and Introductory Geology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, P.; Caldwell, M.

2012-12-01

Coastal Florida offers a unique setting for the facilitation of learning about a variety of modern sedimentary environments. Despite the conflicting concept of "virtual" and "actual" field trip, and the uncertainties associated with the implementation and effectiveness, virtual trips provide likely the only way to reach a large diversified student population and eliminate travel time and expenses. In addition, with rapidly improving web and visualization technology, field trips can be simulated virtually. It is therefore essential to systematically develop and assess the educational effectiveness of virtual field trips. This project is developing, implementing, and assessing a series of virtual field trips for teaching undergraduate sedimentary geology at a large four-year research university and introductory geology at a large two-year community college. The virtual field trip is based on a four-day actual field trip for a senior level sedimentary geology class. Two versions of the virtual field trip, one for advanced class and one for introductory class, are being produced. The educational outcome of the virtual field trip will be compared to that from actual field trip. This presentation summarizes Year 1 achievements of the three-year project. The filming, editing, and initial production of the virtual field trip have been completed. Formative assessments were conducted by the Coalition for Science Literacy at the University of South Florida. Once tested and refined, the virtual field trips will be disseminated through broadly used web portals and workshops at regional and national meetings.

Personal and trip characteristics associated with safety equipment use by injured adult bicyclists: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The aim of this study was to estimate use of helmets, lights, and visible clothing among cyclists and to examine trip and personal characteristics associated with their use. Methods Using data from a study of transportation infrastructure and injuries to 690 adult cyclists in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, we examined the proportion who used bike lights, conspicuous clothing on the torso, and helmets on their injury trip. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between personal and trip characteristics and each type of safety equipment. Results Bike lights were the least frequently used (20% of all trips) although they were used on 77% of trips at night. Conspicuous clothing (white, yellow, orange, red) was worn on 33% of trips. Helmets were used on 69% of trips, 76% in Vancouver where adult helmet use is required by law and 59% in Toronto where it is not. Factors positively associated with bike light use included night, dawn and dusk trips, poor weather conditions, weekday trips, male sex, and helmet use. Factors positively associated with conspicuous clothing use included good weather conditions, older age, and more frequent cycling. Factors positively associated with helmet use included bike light use, longer trip distances, hybrid bike type, not using alcohol in the 6 hours prior to the trip, female sex, older age, higher income, and higher education. Conclusions In two of Canada’s largest cities, helmets were the most widely used safety equipment. Measures to increase use of visibility aids on both daytime and night-time cycling trips may help prevent crashes. PMID:22966752

Analysis of electric vehicle's trip cost allowing late arrival

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leng, Jun-Qiang; Liu, Wei-Yi; Zhao, Lin

2017-05-01

In this paper, we use a car-following model to study each electric vehicle's trip cost and the total trip cost allowing late arrival. The numerical result show that the electricity cost has great effects on each commuter's trip cost and the total trip costs and that these effects are dependent on each commuter's time headway at the origin, but the electricity cost has no prominent impacts on the minimum value of total trip cost under each commuter's different time headway at the origin.

Analysis of electric vehicle's trip cost without late arrival

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leng, Jun-Qiang; Zhao, Lin

2017-03-01

In this paper, we use a car-following model to study each electric vehicle's trip cost and the corresponding total trip cost without late arrival. The numerical result show that the electricity cost has significant effects on each electric vehicle's trip cost and the corresponding total trip costs and that the effects are dependent on its time headway at the origin, but the electricity cost has no prominent effects on the minimum value of the system's total trip cost.

Open the Door Let's Explore: Neighborhood Field Trips for Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redleaf, Rhoda

Designed as a resource for teachers and parents, this guide contains activities to help children from 2 to 8 years old learn from neighborhood walks and field trips. Information is presented on: field trips as an approach to learning, learning processes of children, and techniques to make trips meaningful. Teaching material for each trip includes…

A Field Trip without Buses: Connecting Your Students to Scientists through a Virtual Visit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adedokun, Omolola; Parker, Loran Carleton; Loizzo, Jamie; Burgess, Wilella; Robinson, J. Paul

2011-01-01

One school offers zipTrips as an alternative to actual field trips taken outside of school. ZipTrips are web- and broadcast-delivered electronic field trips that include online videos, lesson plans, and a live, 45-minute interactive program consisting of four core components: an in-studio audience, live interaction with scientists, prerecorded…

Field Trips: Tradition in Jeopardy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Ginger

2011-01-01

The school field trip: something fun, different, exciting, exhausting--a break from the school day grind. But the field trip has ramifications beyond just getting out of school for the day. For students, the field trip is to the classroom what the big game is to athletes. For museums and other attractions, the field trip is a way to cultivate…

Using Virtual Field Trips to Connect Students with University Scientists: Core Elements and Evaluation of zipTrips[TM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adedokun, Omolola A.; Hetzel, Kristin; Parker, Loran Carleton; Loizzo, Jamie; Burgess, Wilella D.; Robinson, J. Paul

2012-01-01

Physical field trips to scientists' work places have been shown to enhance student perceptions of science, scientists and science careers. Although virtual field trips (VFTs) have emerged as viable alternatives (or supplements) to traditional physical fieldtrips, little is known about the potential of virtual field trips to provide the same or…

Cybertrips in Social Studies. Online Field Trips for All Ages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mandel, Scott

The Internet can take students on virtual field trips to anywhere earth, under the seas, out in space, or back in time. This book demonstrates how teachers can use the Internet to take students on field trips. Composed of two parts, part 1, "Preparing for the Trip," discusses the background of virtual field trips what they are, and why…

46 CFR 62.35-50 - Tabulated monitoring and safety control requirements for specific systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Status Main (Propulsion steam) turbine (2) (2) (2) (4, 5) Manual trip Main propulsion, diesel (1) (1) (1... Temperature High Generators Ship service (1) (1) Starting pressure/voltage Low Tripped Emergency (5) (5) (5) Turbogenerator (1,6) (1,6) (6) Manual trip Diesel (1,7) (1,7) (7) (5) Manual trip Auxiliary boiler Run Trip (12...

Using Vessel Monitoring System Data to Identify and Characterize Trips Made by Fishing Vessels in the United States North Pacific

PubMed Central

Haynie, Alan C.

2016-01-01

Time spent fishing is the effort metric often studied in fisheries but it may under-represent the effort actually expended by fishers. Entire fishing trips, from the time vessels leave port until they return, may prove more useful for examining trends in fleet dynamics, fisher behavior, and fishing costs. However, such trip information is often difficult to resolve. We identified ~30,000 trips made by vessels that targeted walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Eastern Bering Sea from 2008–2014 by using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and landings data. We compared estimated trip durations to observer data, which were available for approximately half of trips. Total days at sea were estimated with < 1.5% error and 96.4% of trip durations were either estimated with < 5% error or they were within expected measurement error. With 99% accuracy, we classified trips as fishing for pollock, for another target species, or not fishing. This accuracy lends strong support to the use of our method with unobserved trips across North Pacific fisheries. With individual trips resolved, we examined potential errors in datasets which are often viewed as “the truth.” Despite having > 5 million VMS records (timestamps and vessel locations), this study was as much about understanding and managing data errors as it was about characterizing trips. Missing VMS records were pervasive and they strongly influenced our approach. To understand implications of missing data on inference, we simulated removal of VMS records from trips. Removal of records straightened (i.e., shortened) vessel trajectories, and travel distances were underestimated, on average, by 1.5–13.4% per trip. Despite this bias, VMS proved robust for trip characterization and for improved quality control of human-recorded data. Our scrutiny of human-reported and VMS data advanced our understanding of the potential utility and challenges facing VMS users globally. PMID:27788174

Using Vessel Monitoring System Data to Identify and Characterize Trips Made by Fishing Vessels in the United States North Pacific.

PubMed

Watson, Jordan T; Haynie, Alan C

2016-01-01

Time spent fishing is the effort metric often studied in fisheries but it may under-represent the effort actually expended by fishers. Entire fishing trips, from the time vessels leave port until they return, may prove more useful for examining trends in fleet dynamics, fisher behavior, and fishing costs. However, such trip information is often difficult to resolve. We identified ~30,000 trips made by vessels that targeted walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Eastern Bering Sea from 2008-2014 by using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and landings data. We compared estimated trip durations to observer data, which were available for approximately half of trips. Total days at sea were estimated with < 1.5% error and 96.4% of trip durations were either estimated with < 5% error or they were within expected measurement error. With 99% accuracy, we classified trips as fishing for pollock, for another target species, or not fishing. This accuracy lends strong support to the use of our method with unobserved trips across North Pacific fisheries. With individual trips resolved, we examined potential errors in datasets which are often viewed as "the truth." Despite having > 5 million VMS records (timestamps and vessel locations), this study was as much about understanding and managing data errors as it was about characterizing trips. Missing VMS records were pervasive and they strongly influenced our approach. To understand implications of missing data on inference, we simulated removal of VMS records from trips. Removal of records straightened (i.e., shortened) vessel trajectories, and travel distances were underestimated, on average, by 1.5-13.4% per trip. Despite this bias, VMS proved robust for trip characterization and for improved quality control of human-recorded data. Our scrutiny of human-reported and VMS data advanced our understanding of the potential utility and challenges facing VMS users globally.

Echoes from the Field: An Ethnographic Investigation of Outdoor Science Field Trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boxerman, Jonathan Zvi

As popular as field trips are, one might think they have been well-studied. Nonetheless, field trips have not been heavily studied, and little research has mapped what actually transpires during field trips. Accordingly, to address this research gap, I asked two related research questions. The first question is a descriptive one: What happens on field trips? The second question is explanatory: What field trip events are memorable and why? I employed design research and ethnographic methodologies to study learning in naturally occurring contexts. I collaborated with middle-school science teachers to design and implement more than a dozen field trips. The field trips were nested in particular biology and earth sciences focal units. Students were tasked with making scientific observations in the field and then analyzing this data during classroom activities. Audio and video recording devices captured what happened during the field trips, classroom activities and discussions, and the interviews. I conducted comparative microanalysis of videotaped interactions. I observed dozens of events during the field trips that reverberated across time and place. I characterize the features of these events and the objects that drew interest. Then, I trace the residue across contexts. This study suggests that field trips could be more than one-off experiences and have the potential to be resources to seed and enrich learning and to augment interest in the practice of science.

Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) overexpression associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Zhang, Gengyan; Li, Xiaojun; Wang, Xiaojing; Li, Qing; Hong, Lei; Shen, Yuangbing; Zhao, Chenling; Gong, Xiaomeng; Chen, Yuqing; Zhou, Jihong

2018-05-15

Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is an AAA + -ATPase that plays a key role in mitotic checkpoint complex inactivation and is associated with the progression of several cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinogenesis remains unknown. Here, we report that TRIP13 is highly overexpressed in multiple lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues. Clinically, TRIP13 expression is positively associated with tumor size, T-stage, and N-stage, and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that heightened TRIP13 expression is associated with lower overall survival. TRIP13 promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and migration while inhibiting apoptosis and G2/M phase shift in vitro. Accordingly, TRIP13-silenced xenograft tumors displayed significant growth inhibition in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that TRIP13 interacts with a protein network associated with dsDNA break repair and PI3K/Akt signaling. TRIP13 upregulatesAkt Ser473 and downregulatesAkt Thr308 /mTOR Ser2448 activity, which suppresses accurate dsDNA break repair. TRIP13 also downregulates pro-apoptotic Bad Ser136 and cleaved caspase-3 while upregulating survivin. In conclusion, heightened TRIP13 expression appears to promote lung adenocarcinoma tumor progression and displays potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

How Combined Trip Purposes Are Associated with Transport Choice for Short Distance Trips. Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in the Netherlands

PubMed Central

Scheepers, Eline; Slinger, Minke; Wendel-Vos, Wanda; Schuit, Jantine

2014-01-01

Background One way to increase physical activity is to stimulate a shift from car use to walking or cycling. In single-purpose trips, purpose was found to be an important predictor of transport choice. However, as far as known, no studies have been conducted to see how trips with combined purposes affect this decision. This study was designed to provide insight into associations between combined purposes and transport choice. Methods An online questionnaire (N = 3,663) was used to collect data concerning transport choice for four primary purposes: shopping, going to public natural spaces, sports, and commuting. Per combination of primary trip purpose and transport choice, participants were asked to give examples of secondary purposes that they combine with the primary purpose. Logistic regression analyses were used to model the odds of both cycling and walking versus car use. Results Primary trip purposes combined with commuting, shopping, visiting private contacts or medical care were more likely to be made by car than by cycling or walking. Combinations with visiting catering facilities, trips to social infrastructure facilities, recreational outings, trips to facilities for the provision of daily requirements or private contacts during the trip were more likely to be made by walking and/or cycling than by car. Conclusion Combined trip purposes were found to be associated with transport choice. When stimulating active transport focus should be on the combined-trip purposes which were more likely to be made by car, namely trips combined with commuting, other shopping, visiting private contacts or medical care. PMID:25474653

Predictive Trip Detection for Nuclear Power Plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rankin, Drew J.; Jiang, Jin

2016-08-01

This paper investigates the use of a Kalman filter (KF) to predict, within the shutdown system (SDS) of a nuclear power plant (NPP), whether safety parameter measurements have reached a trip set-point. In addition, least squares (LS) estimation compensates for prediction error due to system-model mismatch. The motivation behind predictive shutdown is to reduce the amount of time between the occurrence of a fault or failure and the time of trip detection, referred to as time-to-trip. These reductions in time-to-trip can ultimately lead to increases in safety and productivity margins. The proposed predictive SDS differs from conventional SDSs in that it compares point-predictions of the measurements, rather than sensor measurements, against trip set-points. The predictive SDS is validated through simulation and experiments for the steam generator water level safety parameter. Performance of the proposed predictive SDS is compared against benchmark conventional SDS with respect to time-to-trip. In addition, this paper analyzes: prediction uncertainty, as well as; the conditions under which it is possible to achieve reduced time-to-trip. Simulation results demonstrate that on average the predictive SDS reduces time-to-trip by an amount of time equal to the length of the prediction horizon and that the distribution of times-to-trip is approximately Gaussian. Experimental results reveal that a reduced time-to-trip can be achieved in a real-world system with unknown system-model mismatch and that the predictive SDS can be implemented with a scan time of under 100ms. Thus, this paper is a proof of concept for KF/LS-based predictive trip detection.

Using a Field Trip Inventory to Determine If Listening to Elementary School Students' Conversations, While on a Zoo Field Trip, Enhances Preservice Teachers' Abilities to Plan Zoo Field Trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patrick, Patricia; Mathews, Cathy; Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale

2013-10-01

This study investigated whether listening to spontaneous conversations of elementary students and their teachers/chaperones, while they were visiting a zoo, affected preservice elementary teachers' conceptions about planning a field trip to the zoo. One hundred five preservice elementary teachers designed field trips prior to and after listening to students' conversations during a field trip to the zoo. In order to analyze the preservice teachers' field trip designs, we conducted a review of the literature on field trips to develop the field trip inventory (FTI). The FTI focussed on three major components of field trips: cognitive, procedural, and social. Cognitive components were subdivided into pre-visit, during-visit, and post-visit activities and problem-solving. Procedural components included information about the informal science education facility (the zoo) and the zoo staff and included advanced organizers. Social components on student groups, fun, control during the zoo visit, and control of student learning. The results of the investigation showed that (a) the dominant topic in conversations among elementary school groups at the zoo was management, (b) procedural components were mentioned least often, (c) preservice teachers described during-visit activities more often than any other characteristic central to field trip design, (d) seven of the nine characteristics listed in the FTI were noted more frequently in the preservice teachers' field trip designs after they listened to students' conversations at the zoo, and (e) preservice teachers thought that students were not learning and that planning was important.

Analysis of the equilibrium trip cost accounting for the fuel cost in a single-lane traffic system without late arrival

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Tie-Qiao; Wang, Tao; Chen, Liang; Huang, Hai-Jun

2018-01-01

In this paper, we introduce the fuel cost into each commuter's trip cost, define a new trip cost without late arrival and its corresponding equilibrium state, and use a car-following model to explore the impacts of the fuel cost on each commuter's departure time, departure interval, arrival time, arrival interval, traveling time, early arrival time and trip cost at the above equilibrium state. The numerical results show that considering the fuel cost in each commuter's trip cost has positive impacts on his trip cost and fuel cost, and the traffic situation in the system without late arrival, i.e., each commuter should explicitly consider the fuel cost in his trip cost.

Analysis of the trip costs of a traffic corridor with two entrances and one exit under car-following model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Tie-Qiao; Wang, Tao; Chen, Liang; Shang, Hua-Yan

2017-11-01

In this paper, we first define each commuter's first, second and third trip costs, and then apply the full velocity difference model and the VT-Micro model to explore each commuter's three trip costs and the system's corresponding total trip costs in a traffic corridor with two entrances and one exit. The numerical results show that one entrance has prominent effects on the commuter's three trip costs and the system's corresponding total trip cost and that the impacts are directly related to the commuter's departure interval at this entrance. The results can provide some suggestions for reducing the commuters' trip costs in a traffic corridor with two entrances and one exit.

VMT-based traffic impact assessment : development of a trip length model.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

This report develops models that relate the trip-lengths to the land-use characteristics at : the trip-ends (both production- and attraction-ends). Separate models were developed by trip : purpose. The results indicate several statistically significa...

Trip internalization in multi-use developments.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

Internal trip capture refers to how the number trips to and from a development are reduced by the proximity of : complementary land uses within the development (e.g., residential to retail). Internal trips occur within the : development and do not en...

Trip Planning State of the Practice.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-07-01

Automated trip planning is one of the easiest ways for transit users to identify their best choice of routes using the Internet. Trip planners use an input form to obtain information on desired trip characteristics then automatically generate an itin...

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Composite Data Products | Hydrogen and Fuel

Science.gov Websites

Ambient Temperature CDP FCEV 35, 2/19/16 Time Between Trips CDP FCEV 36, 5/1/16 Time Between Trips and Trip Ambient Temperature CDP FCEV 37, 5/1/16 Trips per Hour CDP FCEV 38, 2/19/16 Trips per Hour by Fuel Vehicle Miles Between Fills by Month CDP FCEV 56, 3/1/16 Reliability Maintenance Causes and Effects-Stack

Using a Field Trip Inventory to Determine If Listening to Elementary School Students' Conversations, While on a Zoo Field Trip, Enhances Preservice Teachers' Abilities to Plan Zoo Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patrick, Patricia; Mathews, Cathy; Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale

2013-01-01

This study investigated whether listening to spontaneous conversations of elementary students and their teachers/chaperones, while they were visiting a zoo, affected preservice elementary teachers' conceptions about planning a field trip to the zoo. One hundred five preservice elementary teachers designed field trips prior to and after…

Trip attraction rates of shopping centers in Northern New Castle County, Delaware.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-07-01

This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New : Castle County in Delaware. The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip : Generation Manual (1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers ...

The importance of holiday trips for people with chronic mental health problems.

PubMed

Pols, Jeannette; Kroon, Hans

2007-02-01

Although research findings point to the importance of leisure activities for people with severe mental illness, there is no research into the specific effects of holiday trips. This Open Forum describes the experience of going on holiday trips for people with chronic mental health problems in the Netherlands. A qualitative research design was used. Material for the research was collected by participant observation on two trips and in-depth interviews of 11 travelers and four psychiatric nurses who accompanied the travelers. The trips contributed to rehabilitation by promoting and supporting, among other things, community participation, social relations, skill development, and new perceptions of identity. The trips also helped travelers to maintain balance in everyday life. For the nurses the trips provided a learning environment outside of medical institutions.

Survey on how fluctuating petrol prices are affecting Malaysian large city dwellers in changing their trip patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rohani, M. M.; Pahazri, N.

2018-04-01

Rising fuel prices shocks have a significant impact on the way of life of most Malaysians. Due to the rising of oil prices, the costs of travel for private vehicle users are therefore increasing. The study was conducted based on the objective of studying the impact of rising fuel prices on three types of trip patterns of Malaysians who are living in the city areas. The three types of trip patterns are, workplaces trip, leisure trip and personal purposes trip during the weekdays. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents of private vehicle users in selected city such as Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Melaka, Perak, Selangor and Kelantan. This study, found that the trip patterns of those who were using their own vehicles had changed after the rising of fuel prices. The changes showed that many private vehicle users were taking steps to save money on petrol by adjusting their trips.

TRIP13 promotes error-prone nonhomologous end joining and induces chemoresistance in head and neck cancer

PubMed Central

Banerjee, Rajat; Russo, Nickole; Liu, Min; Basrur, Venkatesha; Bellile, Emily; Palanisamy, Nallasivam; Scanlon, Christina S.; van Tubergen, Elizabeth; Inglehart, Ronald C.; Metwally, Tarek; Mani, Ram-Shankar; Yocum, Anastasia; Nyati, Mukesh K.; Castilho, Rogerio M.; Varambally, Sooryanarayana; Chinnaiyan, Arul M.

2014-01-01

Head and neck cancer (SCCHN) is a common, aggressive, treatment-resistant cancer with a high recurrence rate and mortality, but the mechanism of treatment-resistance remains unclear. Here we describe a mechanism where the AAA-ATPase TRIP13 promotes treatment-resistance. Overexpression of TRIP13 in non-malignant cells results in malignant transformation. High expression of TRIP13 in SCCHN leads to aggressive, treatment-resistant tumors and enhanced repair of DNA damage. Using mass spectrometry, we identify DNA-PKcs complex proteins that mediate non homologous end joining (NHEJ), as TRIP13 binding partners. Using repair-deficient reporter systems, we show that TRIP13 promotes NHEJ, even when homologous recombination is intact. Importantly, overexpression of TRIP13 sensitizes SCCHN to an inhibitor of DNA-PKcs. Thus, this study defines a new mechanism of treatment resistance in SCCHN and underscores the importance of targeting NHEJ to overcome treatment failure in SCCHN and potentially in other cancers that overexpress TRIP13. PMID:25078033

The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 remodels HORMA domains through N-terminal engagement and unfolding

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ye, Qiaozhen; Kim, Dong Hyun; Dereli, Ihsan

Proteins of the conserved HORMA domain family, including the spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2 and the meiotic HORMADs, assemble into signaling complexes by binding short peptides termed “closure motifs”. The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 regulates both MAD2 and meiotic HORMADs by disassembling these HORMA domain–closure motif complexes, but its mechanisms of substrate recognition and remodeling are unknown. Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and crosslinking mass spectrometry to outline how TRIP13 recognizes MAD2 with the help of the adapter protein p31comet. We show that p31comet binding to the TRIP13 N-terminal domain positions the disordered MAD2 N-terminus for engagement by the TRIP13 “poremore » loops”, which then unfold MAD2 in the presence of ATP. N-terminal truncation of MAD2 renders it refractory to TRIP13 action in vitro, and in cells causes spindle assembly checkpoint defects consistent with loss of TRIP13 function. Similar truncation of HORMAD1 in mouse spermatocytes compromises its TRIP13-mediated removal from meiotic chromosomes, highlighting a conserved mechanism for recognition and disassembly of HORMA domain–closure motif complexes by TRIP13.« less

A case study of urban student and teacher experiences surrounding an outdoor environmental science field trip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preusch, Peggy L.

2009-12-01

Field trips provide opportunities for students to experience many different contexts beyond the classroom, and are a popular choice of K-12 teachers in the US. Recent interest in learning that occurs at informal science education centers such as museums, zoos and aquariums has stimulated studies of the relationship between learning in and outside of schools. Although many studies focus on the teachers, the contexts, and/or the students during the field trip, only a few look at the entire process of learning by including the classroom setting before and after the field trip. This study was designed to develop understandings of the student process of learning during and surrounding an environmental science field trip to an outdoor setting. John Dewey's extensive writings on the relationship between experience and learning informed the analysis, creating a focus on active and passive elements of the experience, continuity within and across contexts, the interactive nature of the experience and the importance of subject matter. An exploration of environmental education (EE), environmental science (ES), and nature study as content revealed the complexities of the subject matter of the field trip that make its presentation problematic. An urban school was chosen to contribute to the research literature about urban student learning in outdoor environments. During the field trip, the students' active engagement with each other and the environment supported meaningful remembrances of the field trip experiences during interviews after the field trip. The students accurately described plants and animals they had observed in different habitats during the field trip. They also made connections with their home life and prior experiences in the outdoors as they discussed the field trip and drew pictures that represented their experiences. One student integrated his outdoor experience with a language arts assignment as he reflected deeply on the field trip. One implication of this study is that educational experiences in outdoor natural environments are complex in ways that contribute to lack of continuity between science lessons in an elementary classroom and environmental science field trip. Long term relationships between schools and informal settings that recognize the strengths of both contexts in terms of student learning processes surrounding field trip experiences are needed to strengthen the educative process for field trip participants.

Examining the Role of Trip Length in Commuter Decisions to Use Public Transportation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

Traveler trip length has for years been used as a fundamental indicator of the best mix of transit modes and user perceptions of travel cost for transit versus auto. This study examines traveler trip lengths across transit modes, work trip duration f...

30 CFR 57.14162 - Trip lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trip lights. 57.14162 Section 57.14162 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... Devices and Maintenance Requirements § 57.14162 Trip lights. On underground rail haulage, trip lights...

30 CFR 57.14162 - Trip lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trip lights. 57.14162 Section 57.14162 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... Devices and Maintenance Requirements § 57.14162 Trip lights. On underground rail haulage, trip lights...

30 CFR 57.14162 - Trip lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trip lights. 57.14162 Section 57.14162 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... Devices and Maintenance Requirements § 57.14162 Trip lights. On underground rail haulage, trip lights...

30 CFR 57.14162 - Trip lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trip lights. 57.14162 Section 57.14162 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... Devices and Maintenance Requirements § 57.14162 Trip lights. On underground rail haulage, trip lights...

30 CFR 57.14162 - Trip lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trip lights. 57.14162 Section 57.14162 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND... Devices and Maintenance Requirements § 57.14162 Trip lights. On underground rail haulage, trip lights...

Food-purchasing patterns for home: a grocery store-intercept survey.

PubMed

Yoo, Sunmi; Baranowski, Tom; Missaghian, Mariam; Baranowski, Janice; Cullen, Karen; Fisher, Jennifer O; Watson, Kathy; Zakeri, Issa F; Nicklas, Theresa

2006-05-01

To identify the most common frequency of food-purchasing patterns and relate this pattern to characteristics of individuals and families. A customer-intercept survey was conducted in the greater Houston area, Texas, USA, in 2002. The frequency of food shopping at supermarkets, convenience stores and restaurants to buy food for eating at home was assessed. A total of 823 adults (78.5% female; mean age 37.4 years) who went to any of several grocery or convenience stores, including European, Hispanic and African Americans, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Major food-shopping patterns were a weekly big trip with a few small trips (34.9%), biweekly big trips with a few small trips (21.9%), no big shopping trips (15.4%), a weekly big trip without small trips (13.9%), a monthly big trip (8.3%), and biweekly big trips without small trips (6.4%). While 61.1% of participants never went to convenience stores to buy fruit and vegetables (F&V) for eating at home, 67% went to restaurants for F&V. African American families shopped for food least frequently, while Asian American families shopped for food most frequently. Educational level was negatively associated with the use of convenience stores and positively associated with take-away from restaurants. There is substantial variability in the frequency of food shopping. Future research on food shopping should incorporate this variable.

The Use of Field Trips in Air-Photo Interpretation and Remote-Sensing Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giardino, John Richard; Fish, Ernest Bertley

1986-01-01

Advocates the use of field trips for improving students' image-interpretation abilities. Presents guidelines for developing a field trip for an aerial-photo interpretation class or a remote-sensing class. Reviews methodology employed, content emphasis, and includes an exercise that was used on a trip. (ML)

50 CFR 622.278 - Commercial trip limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Dolphin and Wahoo Fishery Off the Atlantic States § 622.278 Commercial trip limits. Commercial trip limits are... in this section with any trip or possession limit applicable to state waters. A species subject to a...

50 CFR 622.278 - Commercial trip limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Dolphin and Wahoo Fishery Off the Atlantic States § 622.278 Commercial trip limits. Commercial trip limits are... in this section with any trip or possession limit applicable to state waters. A species subject to a...

Multiple Stages of Weekend Field Trips To Expose Students to Nature: Emphasis on Discovery and Awareness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krupa, James J.

2002-01-01

Describes the three stages of a field trip and reviews stage 1, weekend field trips, which focuses on an organism's morphology, behavior, and ecology. Presents activities on salamanders, small mammals, fish, birds, and bats. Explains the difficulties of weekend trips. (YDS)

Actual and Virtual Reality: Making the Most of Field Trips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellan, Jennifer Marie; Scheurman, Geoffrey

1998-01-01

Argues that a virtual field trip can complement and enhance a real one. Discusses the benefits and pitfalls of both types of field trips. Outlines a series of student and teacher activities combining an actual field trip and a virtual one to Fort Snelling in St. Paul, Minnesota. (MJP)

78 FR 53486 - Addition of Round-Trip Mailer Product to the Competitive Product List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-29

... POSTAL SERVICE Addition of Round-Trip Mailer Product to the Competitive Product List AGENCY... request with the Postal Regulatory Commission to add a product called ``Round-Trip Mailer'' to the...] filed with the Postal Regulatory Commission (Commission) a request to add a ``Round-Trip Mailer...

28 CFR 570.45 - Violation of escorted trip.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Violation of escorted trip. 570.45 Section 570.45 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE COMMUNITY PROGRAMS AND RELEASE COMMUNITY PROGRAMS Escorted Trips § 570.45 Violation of escorted trip. (a) Staff shall process as...

Application of a hurdle negative binomial count data model to demand for bass fishing in the southeastern United States.

PubMed

Bilgic, Abdulbaki; Florkowski, Wojciech J

2007-06-01

This paper identifies factors that influence the demand for a bass fishing trip taken in the southeastern United States using a hurdle negative binomial count data model. The probability of fishing for a bass is estimated in the first stage and the fishing trip frequency is estimated in the second stage for individuals reporting bass fishing trips in the Southeast. The applied approach allows the decomposition of the effects of factors responsible for the decision to take a trip and the trip number. Calculated partial and total elasticities indicate a highly inelastic demand for the number of fishing trips as trip costs increase. However, the demand can be expected to increase if anglers experience a success measured by the number of caught fish or their size. Benefit estimates based on alternative estimation methods differ substantially, suggesting the need for testing each modeling approach applied in empirical studies.

2010 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, Radoslav

2011-05-16

During the 2010 calendar year, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Program for external and internal radiation protection. LLNL also provided technical expertise related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2010, there were 141 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 141 person-trips, 129 person-trips were Special Monitoring Visits (SMVs) and 12 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. In 8 of these TMO trips the TMO monitors participated also in the UEIE SMVs and in 2 TMOmore » trips the TMO monitors participated in UEIE and MPA SMVs. There were three monitoring visits (source changes) that were back-to-back SMVs with a total of 25 monitors. LLNL’s Hazard Control Department laboratories provided the dosimetry services for the HEU Transparency monitors.« less

49 CFR 1510.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... that is not a round trip. Origin point means the location at which a trip on a complete air travel... accumulated travel mileage credits in a customer loyalty program, whether or not the term frequent flyer is... Administration by an air carrier as required by this part. Round trip means a trip on an air travel itinerary...

49 CFR 236.560 - Contact element, mechanical trip type; location with respect to rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contact element, mechanical trip type; location... Instructions; Locomotives § 236.560 Contact element, mechanical trip type; location with respect to rail. Contact element of automatic train stop device of the mechanical trip type shall be maintained at a height...

Tourism, Field Trips and Geographic Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dilsaver, Lary M.

In university level geography education, both a market and a need exist for "learning trips" combining the elements of a field trip with those of a commercial tour. Planning such trips involves four steps. The first of these is to establish the conditions of the tour, including identification of the topical focus, specific destinations and sites…

Teachers' Sources of Knowledge for Field Trip Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rebar, Bryan M.

2012-01-01

Teachers draw from many personal and professional experiences when organising and leading field trips. In order to identify the influences on teachers' field trip practices, I used surveys, interviews, artifacts and observations gathered from teachers who led trips to an aquarium. Findings clarified the types of influence and the impact that these…

Geography via Aerial Field Trips: Do It This Way, 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richason, Benjamin F., Jr.; Guell, Carl E.

To provide guidance for geography teachers, this booklet presents information on how to plan and execute aerial field trips. The aerial field trip can be employed as an effective visual aid technique in the teaching of geography, especially for presenting earth generalizations and interrelationships. The benefits of an aerial field trip are…

Revisiting Virtual Field Trips: Perspectives of College Science Instructors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lei, Simon A.

2015-01-01

Field trips are an important component of upper undergraduate and graduate-level science courses, especially in the fields of biology, geoscience, and environmental science. Field trips can provide a new perspective to a course's content and quality. Science field trips can facilitate active student learning, yet often can be constrained by time,…

Flow in Rotating Serpentine Coolant Passages With Skewed Trip Strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tse, David G.N.; Steuber, Gary

1996-01-01

Laser velocimetry was utilized to map the velocity field in serpentine turbine blade cooling passages with skewed trip strips. The measurements were obtained at Reynolds and Rotation numbers of 25,000 and 0.24 to assess the influence of trips, passage curvature and Coriolis force on the flow field. The interaction of the secondary flows induced by skewed trips with the passage rotation produces a swirling vortex and a corner recirculation zone. With trips skewed at +45 deg, the secondary flows remain unaltered as the cross-flow proceeds from the passage to the turn. However, the flow characteristics at these locations differ when trips are skewed at -45 deg. Changes in the flow structure are expected to augment heat transfer, in agreement with the heat transfer measurements of Johnson, et al. The present results show that trips are skewed at -45 deg in the outward flow passage and trips are skewed at +45 deg in the inward flow passage maximize heat transfer. Details of the present measurements were related to the heat transfer measurements of Johnson, et al. to relate fluid flow and heat transfer measurements.

An experimental investigation of energy absorption in TRIP steel under impact three-point bending deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham, Hang; Iwamoto, Takeshi

2015-09-01

TRIP (Transformation-induced Plasticity) steel is nowadays in widespread use in the automobile industry because of their favorable mechanical properties such as high strength, excellent formability and toughness because of strain-induced martensitic transformation. Moreover, when TRIP steel is applied to the components of the vehicles, it is expected that huge amount of kinetic energy will be absorbed into both plastic deformation and martensitic transformation during the collision. Basically, bending deformation due to buckling is one of the major crash deformation modes of automobile structures. Thus, an investigation of energy absorption during bending deformation at high impact velocity for TRIP steel is indispensable. Although TRIP steel have particularly attracted the recent interest of the scientific community, just few studies can be found on the energy absorption characteristic of TRIP steel, especially at impact loading condition. In present study, experimental investigations of bending deformation behaviors of TRIP steel are conducted in the three-point bending tests for both smooth and pre-cracked specimen. Then, energy absorption characteristic during plastic deformation and fracture process at high impact velocity in TRIP steel will be discussed.

Elementary school children's science learning from school field trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glick, Marilyn Petty

This research examines the impact of classroom anchoring activities on elementary school students' science learning from a school field trip. Although there is prior research demonstrating that students can learn science from school field trips, most of this research is descriptive in nature and does not examine the conditions that enhance or facilitate such learning. The current study draws upon research in psychology and education to create an intervention that is designed to enhance what students learn from school science field trips. The intervention comprises of a set of "anchoring" activities that include: (1) Orientation to context, (2) Discussion to activate prior knowledge and generate questions, (3) Use of field notebooks during the field trip to record observations and answer questions generated prior to field trip, (4) Post-visit discussion of what was learned. The effects of the intervention are examined by comparing two groups of students: an intervention group which receives anchoring classroom activities related to their field trip and an equivalent control group which visits the same field trip site for the same duration but does not receive any anchoring classroom activities. Learning of target concepts in both groups was compared using objective pre and posttests. Additionally, a subset of students in each group were interviewed to obtain more detailed descriptive data on what children learned through their field trip.

Urban commuting: crowdedness and catecholamine excretion.

PubMed

Lundberg, U

1976-09-01

Male passengers regularly commuting by train on the Stockholm-Nynäshamn line were investigated on two morning trips to Stockholm. These trips were made under different levels of crowding, before (Trip 1) and after (Trip 2) a period of gas rationing during the oil crisis in 1974. However, seats were available for almost everyone during both trips. One group of subjects boarded the train at its first stop (Nynäshamn), the other midway on its route (Västerhaninge). Physiological reactions were assessed from the rate of catecholamine excretion in urine and subjective experiences were measured by self-ratings. The results showed that feelings of discomfort grew more intense as the train approached Stockholm and the number of passengers increased. Perceived crowdedness increased as the square of the number of passengers. During both trips the subjects from Nynäshamn (longer trip) had a lower rate of adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion on the train than those from Västerhaninge. Furthermore, it was found that the rate of adrenaline excretion was higher for both groups during Trip 2, when the train was more crowded. The results support previous findings indicating that the stress involved in travelling by train varies more with the social and ecological conditions of the trip than with its length or duration.

Field trips and their effect on student achievement in and attitudes toward science: A comparison of a physical versus a virtual field trip to the Indian River Lagoon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garner, Lesley Cochran

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical and virtual field trips on students' achievement in estuarine ecology and their attitudes toward science. The study also assessed the effect of students' learning styles, the interaction between group membership and learning styles, and the effect of group membership on students' ability to answer questions at different levels of Bloom's (1956) taxonomy. Working with a convenient sample of 67 freshmen and sophomore non-science majors, students were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (physical, n = 32 and virtual, n = 35). Prior to treatment, students' learning styles were determined, students were pre-assessed on the two targeted measures, and all students attended four consecutive, in-class, 75-minute lectures on estuarine ecology and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Pre-assessed data indicated no significant differences between the groups on the two dependent measures. On the weekend following the lecture series, the physical field trip group engaged in a set of predetermined activities at the IRL for 2 hours in the morning. Later that afternoon, the virtual field trip group participated in a 2-hour virtual trip to the IRL that exactly matched the physical field trip activities. This virtual trip incorporated the CD-ROM The Living Lagoon: An Electronic Field Trip. Following each trip, students were post-assessed using the same pre-assessment instruments. MANCOVA results indicated no significant differences on all research factors (i.e., group membership, learning style, and group-learning style interaction). Data analysis also revealed that there was no significant effect of group membership on students' ability to answer questions at different levels of Bloom's taxonomy. These findings imply that educators can integrate virtual field trips that are structured in the same manner as their corresponding physical field trips without significantly impacting student achievement or attitudes.

A forest bathing trip increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins in female subjects.

PubMed

Li, Q; Morimoto, K; Kobayashi, M; Inagaki, H; Katsumata, M; Hirata, Y; Hirata, K; Shimizu, T; Li, Y J; Wakayama, Y; Kawada, T; Ohira, T; Takayama, N; Kagawa, T; Miyazaki, Y

2008-01-01

We previously reported that forest bathing trips enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in male subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of forest bathing trip on human NK activity in female subjects. Thirteen healthy nurses, age 25-43 years, professional career 4-18 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields. On day 1, the subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; on day 2, they walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood and completing a questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trip, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip. NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples, the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in serum, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the forests were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip also increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins in female subjects, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

Echoes from the Field: An Ethnographic Investigation of Outdoor Science Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boxerman, Jonathan Zvi

2013-01-01

As popular as field trips are, one might think they have been well-studied. Nonetheless, field trips have not been heavily studied, and little research has mapped what actually transpires during field trips. Accordingly, to address this research gap, I asked two related research questions. The first question is a descriptive one: What happens on…

26 CFR 49.4264(e)-1 - Round trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Round trips. 49.4264(e)-1 Section 49.4264(e)-1... TAXES FACILITIES AND SERVICES EXCISE TAXES Transportation of Persons § 49.4264(e)-1 Round trips. (a) In general. For purposes of the regulations in this subpart, a round trip shall be considered to consist of...

26 CFR 49.4264(e)-1 - Round trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Round trips. 49.4264(e)-1 Section 49.4264(e)-1... TAXES FACILITIES AND SERVICES EXCISE TAXES Transportation of Persons § 49.4264(e)-1 Round trips. (a) In general. For purposes of the regulations in this subpart, a round trip shall be considered to consist of...

26 CFR 49.4264(e)-1 - Round trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Round trips. 49.4264(e)-1 Section 49.4264(e)-1... TAXES FACILITIES AND SERVICES EXCISE TAXES Transportation of Persons § 49.4264(e)-1 Round trips. (a) In general. For purposes of the regulations in this subpart, a round trip shall be considered to consist of...

49 CFR 236.531 - Trip arm; height and distance from rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Trip arm; height and distance from rail. 236.531... Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Roadway § 236.531 Trip arm; height and distance from rail. Trip arm of automatic train stop device when in the stop position shall be...

49 CFR 236.531 - Trip arm; height and distance from rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Trip arm; height and distance from rail. 236.531... Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Roadway § 236.531 Trip arm; height and distance from rail. Trip arm of automatic train stop device when in the stop position shall be...

49 CFR 236.531 - Trip arm; height and distance from rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Trip arm; height and distance from rail. 236.531... Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Roadway § 236.531 Trip arm; height and distance from rail. Trip arm of automatic train stop device when in the stop position shall be...

49 CFR 236.531 - Trip arm; height and distance from rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Trip arm; height and distance from rail. 236.531... Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Roadway § 236.531 Trip arm; height and distance from rail. Trip arm of automatic train stop device when in the stop position shall be...

49 CFR 236.531 - Trip arm; height and distance from rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Trip arm; height and distance from rail. 236.531... Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Roadway § 236.531 Trip arm; height and distance from rail. Trip arm of automatic train stop device when in the stop position shall be...

A Contingent Trip Model for Estimating Rail-trail Demand

Treesearch

Carter J. Betz; John C. Bergstrom; J. Michael Bowker

2003-01-01

The authors develop a contingent trip model to estimate the recreation demand for and value of a potential rail-trail site in north-east Georgia. The contingent trip model is an alternative to travel cost modelling useful for ex ante evaluation of proposed recreation resources or management alternatives. The authors estimate the empirical demand for trips using a...

Valuation of travel time savings in viewpoint of WTA.

PubMed

Shao, Chang-Qiao; Liu, Yang; Liu, Xiao-Ming

2014-01-01

In order to investigate the issues in measurement of value of travel time savings (VTTS), the willingness-to-accept (WTA) for the private car owner is studied by using surveyed data. It is convincing that trip purpose, trip length, time savings, cost savings, income, and allowance from employee have effects on the WTA. Moreover, influences of these variables are not the same for different trip purposes. For commuting trips, effects of income and allowance from employee are significant while time savings and cost savings are dominated for leisure and shopping trips. It is also found that WTA is much higher than expected which implies that there are a group of drivers who are not prone to switching to other trip modes other than passenger car.

Cranking Out Adventure: A Bike Leader's Guide to Trial and Error Touring.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rohnke, Karl

The product of a 3,355 mile bicycle trip involving a co-ed group of teenagers and a leader (N=12), this guide to bike riding trips presents practical and philosophical insights gained by the Project Adventure leader who conducted the trip. Detailed lists of pre- and on-trip requirements are presented. Specifically, there are sections devoted to…

Affective and cognitive effects of information use over the course of a vacation

Treesearch

Christine A. Vogt; Susan I. Stewart

1998-01-01

From pre-trip planning through post-trip remembering, vacations unfold over long periods of time. Through the course of a trip the same travel information may be used repeatedly but with different levels of success and satisfaction. These experiential fluctuations over time were examined in a study of trip planners, who collected information from a chamber of commerce...

Field trip guide to the 2010 Schultz Fire Burn Area

Treesearch

Karen Koestner; Anne Youberg; Daniel G. Neary

2011-01-01

This field trip guide was created for a September 18th, 2011, field trip to the 2010 Schultz Fire burn area northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, as part of the Arizona Hydrological Society's Annual Symposium. The guide provides background information on the 2010 Schultz Fire and aftermath (Section 1), site-specific information for each stop on the field trip (Section...

The Effectiveness of a Virtual Field Trip (VFT) Module in Learning Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haris, Norbaizura; Osman, Kamisah

2015-01-01

Virtual Field Trip is a computer aided module of science developed to study the Colonisation and Succession in Mangrove Swamps, as an alternative to the real field trip in Form for Biology. This study is to identify the effectiveness of the Virtual Field Trip (VFT) module towards the level of achievement in the formative test for this topic. This…

Relationship between Objectively Measured Transportation Behaviors and Health Characteristics in Older Adults.

PubMed

Takemoto, Michelle; Carlson, Jordan A; Moran, Kevin; Godbole, Suneeta; Crist, Katie; Kerr, Jacqueline

2015-10-30

This study used objective Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to investigate the relationship between pedestrian and vehicle trips to physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning in older adults living in retirement communities. Older adults (N = 279; mean age = 83 ± 6 years) wore a GPS and accelerometer for 6 days. Participants completed standard health measures. The Personal Activity and Location Measurement System (PALMS) was used to calculate the average daily number of trips, distance, and minutes traveled for pedestrian and vehicle trips from the combined GPS and accelerometer data. Linear mixed effects regression models explored relationships between these transportation variables and physical, psychological and cognitive functioning. Number, distance, and minutes of pedestrian trips were positively associated with physical and psychological functioning but not cognitive functioning. Number of vehicle trips was negatively associated with fear of falls; there were no other associations between the vehicle trip variables and functioning. Vehicle travel did not appear to be related to functioning in older adults in retirement communities except that fear of falling was related to number of vehicle trips. Pedestrian trips had moderate associations with multiple physical and psychological functioning measures, supporting a link between walking and many aspects of health in older adults.

2007 Rocky Mountain Section Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip - Quaternary Geology of the San Luis Basin of Colorado and New Mexico, September 7-9, 2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Machette, Michael N.; Coates, Mary-Margaret; Johnson, Margo L.

2007-01-01

Prologue Welcome to the 2007 Rocky Mountain Cell Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip, which will concentrate on the Quaternary geology of the San Luis Basin of Colorado and New Mexico. To our best knowledge, Friends of the Pleistocene (FOP) has never run a trip through the San Luis Basin, although former trips in the region reviewed the 'Northern Rio Grande rift' in 1987 and the 'Landscape History and Processes on the Pajarito Plateau' in 1996. After nearly a decade, the FOP has returned to the Rio Grande rift, but to an area that has rarely hosted a trip with a Quaternary focus. The objective of FOP trips is to review - in the field - new and exciting research on Quaternary geoscience, typically research being conducted by graduate students. In our case, the research is more topically oriented around three areas of the San Luis Basin, and it is being conducted by a wide range of Federal, State, academic, and consulting geologists. This year's trip is ambitious?we will spend our first day mainly on the Holocene record around Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, the second day on the Quaternary stratigraphy around the San Luis Hills, including evidence for Lake Alamosa and the 1.0 Ma Mesita volcano, and wrap up the trip's third day in the Costilla Plain and Sunshine Valley reviewing alluvial stratigraphy, the history of the Rio Grande, and evidence for young movement on the Sangre de Cristo fault zone. In the tradition of FOP trips, we will be camping along the field trip route for this meeting. On the night before our trip, we will be at the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve's Pinyon Flats Campground, a group facility located about 2 miles north of the Visitors Center. After the first day's trip, we will dine and camp in the Bachus pit, about 3 miles southwest of Alamosa. For the final night (after day 2), we will bed down at La Junta Campground at the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Wild and Scenic Rivers State Recreation Area, west of Questa, New Mexico, overlooking a majestic canyons of the Rio Grande and Red River. This is the 48th meeting of the Rocky Mountain Section of FOP, which was initiated by Gerry Richmond (USGS-Denver, deceased) in 1952 (see the following table, which lists all the Rocky Mountain Section field trips). The Rocky Mountain Section has been inactive for three years owing to a series of problems, including an unfortunate cancellation of Dennis Dahms' trip to the southern Wind River Range in 2005. Hopefully, this year's trip will provide the logistical initiative and scientific momentum for future Friends of the Pleistocene trips in the Rocky Mountain region.

Visiting a forest, but not a city, increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins.

PubMed

Li, Q; Morimoto, K; Kobayashi, M; Inagaki, H; Katsumata, M; Hirata, Y; Hirata, K; Suzuki, H; Li, Y J; Wakayama, Y; Kawada, T; Park, B J; Ohira, T; Matsui, N; Kagawa, T; Miyazaki, Y; Krensky, A M

2008-01-01

We previously reported that a forest bathing trip enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes. In the present study, we investigated how long the increased NK activity lasts and compared the effect of a forest bathing trip on NK activity with a trip to places in a city without forests. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 35-56 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields and to a city, in which activity levels during both trips were matched. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood samples and completing the questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trips, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip, and NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trips on a normal working day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in forest and city air were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the concentration of adrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. In contrast, a city tourist visit did not increase NK activity, numbers of NK cells, nor the expression of selected intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and did not decrease the concentration of adrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air, but almost not in city air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

Factors Which Influence Learning Ability during a Scientific Field Trip in a Natural Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orion, Nir; Hofstein, Avi

The main goal of this study was to obtain insight about the factors that influence students' ability to learn during a field trip, in order to improve the planning and execution of learning field trips. The study was conducted in the context of a 1-day geological field trip for high school students in Israel. Three domains were tested by…

41 CFR 302-5.8 - How many househunting trips may my agency authorize in connection with a particular transfer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How many househunting trips may my agency authorize in connection with a particular transfer? 302-5.8 Section 302-5.8 Public... EXPENSES Employee's Allowance For Househunting Trip Expenses § 302-5.8 How many househunting trips may my...

A Trip to the Zoo: Children's Words and Photographs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeMarie, Darlene

Field trips are a regular part of many programs for young children. Field trips can serve a variety of purposes, such as exposing children to new things or helping children to see familiar things in new ways. The purpose of this study was to learn the meaning children gave to a field trip. Cameras were made available to each of the children in a…

Final Environmental Assessment to Implement the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission Recommendations for Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-01

corresponding years. Year 2005 through 2009: VOCE = .016 * Trips NOxE = .015 * Trips PM10E = .0022 * Trips COE = .262 * Trips Year 2010 and beyond: VOCE ... VOCE * DPYII/2000 Nox (tons/yr) = NOxE * DPYII/2000 PM10(tons/yr) = PM10E * DPYII/2000 CO (tons/yr) = COE * DPYII/2000 Where: Commercial

Ambient and microenvironmental particles and exhaled nitric oxide before and after a group bus trip.

PubMed

Adar, Sara Dubowsky; Adamkiewicz, Gary; Gold, Diane R; Schwartz, Joel; Coull, Brent A; Suh, Helen

2007-04-01

Airborne particles have been linked to pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. Because these effects may be particularly great for traffic-related particles, we examined associations between particle exposures and exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) in a study of 44 senior citizens, which involved repeated trips aboard a diesel bus. Samples of FE(NO) collected before and after the trips were regressed against microenvironmental and ambient particle concentrations using mixed models controlling for subject, day, trip, vitamins, collection device, mold, pollen, room air nitric oxide, apparent temperature, and time to analysis. Although ambient concentrations were collected at a fixed location, continuous group-level personal samples characterized microenvironmental exposures throughout facility and trip periods. In pre-trip samples, both microenvironmental and ambient exposures to fine particles were positively associated with FE(NO). For example, an interquartile increase of 4 microg/m(3) in the daily microenvironmental PM(2.5) concentration was associated with a 13% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2-24%) increase in FE(NO). After the trips, however, FE(NO) concentrations were associated pre-dominantly with microenvironmental exposures, with significant associations for concentrations measured throughout the whole day. Associations with exposures during the trip also were strong and statistically significant with a 24% (95% CI, 15-34%) increase in FE(NO) predicted per interquartile increase of 9 microg/m(3) in PM(2.5). Although pre-trip findings were generally robust, our post-trip findings were sensitive to several influential days. Fine particle exposures resulted in increased levels of FE(NO) in elderly adults, suggestive of increased airway inflammation. These associations were best assessed by microenvironmental exposure measurements during periods of high personal particle exposures.

Ambient and Microenvironmental Particles and Exhaled Nitric Oxide Before and After a Group Bus Trip

PubMed Central

Adar, Sara Dubowsky; Adamkiewicz, Gary; Gold, Diane R.; Schwartz, Joel; Coull, Brent A.; Suh, Helen

2007-01-01

Objectives Airborne particles have been linked to pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. Because these effects may be particularly great for traffic-related particles, we examined associations between particle exposures and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in a study of 44 senior citizens, which involved repeated trips aboard a diesel bus. Methods Samples of FENO collected before and after the trips were regressed against microenvironmental and ambient particle concentrations using mixed models controlling for subject, day, trip, vitamins, collection device, mold, pollen, room air nitric oxide, apparent temperature, and time to analysis. Although ambient concentrations were collected at a fixed location, continuous group-level personal samples characterized microenvironmental exposures throughout facility and trip periods. Results In pre-trip samples, both microenvironmental and ambient exposures to fine particles were positively associated with FENO. For example, an interquartile increase of 4 μg/m3 in the daily microenvironmental PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 13% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2–24%) increase in FENO. After the trips, however, FENO concentrations were associated pre-dominantly with microenvironmental exposures, with significant associations for concentrations measured throughout the whole day. Associations with exposures during the trip also were strong and statistically significant with a 24% (95% CI, 15–34%) increase in FENO predicted per interquartile increase of 9 μg/m3 in PM2.5. Although pre-trip findings were generally robust, our post-trip findings were sensitive to several influential days. Conclusions Fine particle exposures resulted in increased levels of FENO in elderly adults, suggestive of increased airway inflammation. These associations were best assessed by microenvironmental exposure measurements during periods of high personal particle exposures. PMID:17450216

Household-based trip survey procedure

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-02-22

This memorandum describes the development of interim trip production cross-classification models for four home-based trip purposes: home-based work (HBW), home-based shopping and personal business (HBPB), home-based social and recreational (HBSR), an...

Trip generation studies for special generators.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

This research examines the effects of town centers and senior housing developments on : surrounding roadways and nearby transit. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) : Trip Generation Manual, which determines number of trips produced or at...

Boundary Layer Transition and Trip Effectiveness on an Apollo Capsule in the JAXA High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST) Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirk, Lindsay C.; Lillard, Randolph P.; Olejniczak, Joseph; Tanno, Hideyuki

2015-01-01

Computational assessments were performed to size boundary layer trips for a scaled Apollo capsule model in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST) facility at the JAXA Kakuda Space Center in Japan. For stagnation conditions between 2 MJ/kg and 20 MJ/kg and between 10 MPa and 60 MPa, the appropriate trips were determined to be between 0.2 mm and 1.3 mm high, which provided kappa/delta values on the heatshield from 0.15 to 2.25. The tripped configuration consisted of an insert with a series of diamond shaped trips along the heatshield downstream of the stagnation point. Surface heat flux measurements were obtained on a capsule with a 250 mm diameter, 6.4% scale model, and pressure measurements were taken at axial stations along the nozzle walls. At low enthalpy conditions, the computational predictions agree favorably to the test data along the heatshield centerline. However, agreement becomes less favorable as the enthalpy increases conditions. The measured surface heat flux on the heatshield from the HIEST facility was under-predicted by the computations in these cases. Both smooth and tripped configurations were tested for comparison, and a post-test computational analysis showed that kappa/delta values based on the as-measured stagnation conditions ranged between 0.5 and 1.2. Tripped configurations for both 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm trip heights were able to effectively trip the flow to fully turbulent for a range of freestream conditions.

Methods for analysis of passenger trip performance in a complex networked transportation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Danyi

2007-12-01

The purpose of the Air Transportation System (ATS) is to provide safe and efficient transportation service of passengers and cargo. The on-time performance of a passenger's trip is a critical performance measurement of the Quality of Service (QOS) provided by any Air Transportation System. QOS has been correlated with airline profitability, productivity, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction (Heskett et al. 1994). Btatu and Barnhart have shown that official government and airline on-time performance metrics (i.e. flight-centric measures of air transportation) fail to accurately reflect the passenger experience (Btatu and Barnhart, 2005). Flight-based metrics do not include the trip delays accrued by passengers who were re-booked due to cancelled flights or missed connections. Also, flight-based metrics do not quantify the magnitude of the delay (only the likelihood) and thus fails to provide the consumer with a useful assessment of the impact of a delay. Passenger-centric metrics have not been developed because of the unavailability of airline proprietary data, which is also protected by anti-trust collusion concerns and civil liberty privacy restrictions. Moveover, the growth of the ATS is trending out of the historical range. The objectives of this research were to (1) estimate ATS-wide passenger trip delay using publicly accessible flight data, and (2) investigate passenger trip dynamics out of the range of historical data by building a passenger flow simulation model to predict impact on passenger trip time given anticipated changes in the future. The first objective enables researchers to conduct historical analysis on passenger on-time performance without proprietary itinerary data, and the second objective enables researchers to conduct experiments outside the range of historic data. The estimated passenger trip delay was for 1,030 routes between the 35 busiest airports in the United States in 2006. The major findings of this research are listed as follows: 1. High passenger trip delays are disproportionately generated by cancelled flights and missed connections. Passengers scheduled on cancelled flights or missed connections represent 3 percent of total enplanements, but generated 45 percent of total passenger trip delay. On average, passengers scheduled on cancelled flights experienced 607 minutes delay, and passengers who missed the connections experienced 341 minutes delay in 2006. The heavily skewed distribution of passenger trip delay reveals the fact that a small proportion of passengers experience heavy delays, which can not be reflected by flight-based performance metrics. 2. Trend analysis for passenger trip delays from 2000 to 2006 shows the increase in flight operations slowed down and leveled off in 2006, while enplanements kept increasing. This is due to the continuous increase in load factor. Load factor has increased from 69% in 2003 to 80% in 2006. Passenger performance is very sensitive to changes in flight operations: annual total passenger trip delay was increased by 17% and 7% from 2004 to 2005, and from 2005 to 2006, while flight operations barely increased (0.5% from 2004 to 2005, and no increase from 2005 to 2006) during the same time period. 3. Passenger trip delay is shown to have an asymmetric performance of passenger trip delay in terms of routes. Seventeen percent of the 1030 routes generated 50 percent of total passenger trip delays. An interesting observation is that routes between the New York metropolitan area and the Washington D.C. metropolitan area have the highest average passenger trip delays in the system. 4. In terms of airports, there is also an asymmetric performance of passenger trip delay. Nine of the 35 busiest airports generated 50 percent of total passenger trip delays. Some airports, especially major hubs, impact the passenger trip delays significantly more than others. Recognition of this asymmetric performance can help reduce the total passenger trip delay propagation in the air transportation network by making changes primarily in major airports, such as Atlanta, GA (ATL), Chicago O'Hare (ORD) and Newark (EWR) airports. 5. Congestion Flight Delay, Load Factor, Flight Cancellation Time, and Airline Cooperation Policy are the most significant factors affecting total passenger trip delay in the system.

Evidence, explanations, and recommendations for teachers' field trip strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rebar, Bryan

Field trips are well recognized by researchers as an educational approach with the potential to complement and enhance classroom science teaching by exposing students to unique activities, resources, and content in informal settings. The following investigation addresses teachers' field trip practices in three related manuscripts: (1) A study examining the details of teachers' pedagogical strategies intended to facilitate connections between students' experiences and the school curricula while visiting an aquarium; (2) A study documenting and describing sources of knowledge that teachers draw from when leading field trips to an aquarium; (3) A position paper that reviews and summarizes research on effective pedagogical strategies for field trips. Together these three pieces address key questions regarding teachers' practices on field trips: (1) What strategies are teachers employing (and not employing) during self-guided field trips to facilitate learning tied to the class curriculum? (2) What sources of knowledge do teachers utilize when leading field trips? (3) How can teachers be better prepared to lead trips that promote learning? The Oregon Coast Aquarium served as the field trip site for teachers included in this study. The setting suited these questions because the aquarium serves tens of thousands of students on field trips each year but provides no targeted programming for these students as they explore the exhibits. In other words, the teachers who lead field trips assume much of the responsibility for facilitating students' experience. In order to describe and characterize teachers' strategies to link students' experiences to the curriculum, a number of teachers (26) were observed as they led their students' visit to the public spaces of the aquarium. Artifacts, such as worksheets, used during the visit were collected for analysis as well. Subsequently, all teachers were surveyed regarding their use of the field trip and their sources of knowledge for their practices. A subset of eight teachers were interviewed using guided conversations in order to shed further light on their use of the aquarium field trip and their pedagogical preparation. Data from all sources were organized by repeating ideas relevant to the questions of interest. The resulting evidence was interpreted to support distinct categories of teacher strategies and experience and related claims about these strategies and experiences. Thus, findings reveal that teachers attempt to link the curriculum to the activities, resources, and content encountered on the trip using a variety of connections. However, these curriculum connections are characterized as products of opportunistic situations and reveal limited depth. Evidence further indicates that teachers treat the aquarium visit as a background experience for their students rather than as an opportunity to introduce new concepts or do an activity that is integrated into the curriculum. Nevertheless, teachers included in this study were leading field trips that created countless learning opportunities for their students. Because training specific to field trips is rarely included in preservice programs, teachers were asked about influences on their field trip practice with specific focus on observed strategies. Findings suggest four categories of training experiences that teachers apply to their practice: (1) informal mentoring; (2) past experience trip leading; (3) outdoor education training; (4) traditional education training. Overall findings along with a review of previous research are suggestive of many ways in which efforts to enhance students' learning opportunities may be developed by means of support for teachers. Foremost among recommendations is the idea that field trip pedagogy be integrated into science methods courses required for preservice teachers (the premise for the final manuscript). Furthermore, the findings of this study may serve as a starting point for museums interested in the development of specific support and teacher professional development activities intended to enhance teachers' use of their resources as learning opportunities for their students. Among the implications is the idea that museums and other institutions developing teacher professional development activities might capitalize on teachers' existing sources of knowledge, for example by providing structured support for peer-mentoring and guided reflections related to field trip preparations and skills.

Field Guide to the Geology of Parts of the Appalachian Highlands and Adjacent Interior Plains.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKenzie, Garry D.; Utgard, Russell O.

This field guide is the basis for a five-day, 1000-mile trip through six states and six geomorphic provinces. The trip and the pre- and post-trip exercises included in the guide constitute a three credit course at The Ohio State University entitled "Field Geology for Science Teachers." The purpose of the trip is to study the regional geology,…

Determination of Biology Department Students' Past Field Trip Experiences and Examination of Their Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Planning and Organising Educational Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozdogan, Aykut Emre

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the past field trip experiences of pre-service teachers who are graduates of Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and who had pedagogical formation training certificate and to examine their self-efficacy beliefs in planning and organizing field trips with regard to different variables. The study was…

Factors affecting the value of a wilderness visit: a contingent valuation study of Caribou-Speckled Mountain Wilderness users

Treesearch

Jeffery A. Michael; Stephen Reiling; Hsiang-Tai Cheng

1995-01-01

A dichotomous choice contingent valuation model is estimated using an on-site survey of Caribou-Speckled Mountain Wilderness visitors. The results indicate that pre-trip expectations of various trip attributes such as congestion have a greater impact on a trip?s value than the actual conditions of the visit. This research also shows that future economic studies of an...

The Ruthenostannylene Complex [Cp*(IXy)H2 Ru-Sn-Trip]: Providing Access to Unusual Ru-Sn Bonded Stanna-imine, Stannene, and Ketenylstannyl Complexes.

PubMed

Liu, Hsueh-Ju; Ziegler, Micah S; Tilley, T Don

2015-05-26

Reactivity studies of the thermally stable ruthenostannylene complex [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 Ru-Sn-Trip] (1; IXy=1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; Cp*=η(5) -C5 Me5 ; Trip=2,4,6-iPr3 C6 H2 ) with a variety of organic substrates are described. Complex 1 reacts with benzoin and an α,β-unsaturated ketone to undergo [1+4] cycloaddition reactions and afford [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 RuSn(κ(2) -O,O-OCPhCPhO)Trip] (2) and [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 RuSn(κ(2) -O,C-OCPhCHCHPh)Trip] (3), respectively. The reaction of 1 with ethyl diazoacetate resulted in a tin-substituted ketene complex [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 RuSn(OC2 H5 )(CHCO)Trip] (4), which is most likely a decomposition product from the putative ruthenium-substituted stannene complex. The isolation of a ruthenium-substituted stannene [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 RuSn(=Flu)Trip] (5) and stanna-imine [Cp*(IXy)(H)2 RuSn(κ(2) -N,O-NSO2 C6 H4 Me)Trip] (6) complexes was achieved by treatment of 1 with 9-diazofluorene and tosyl azide, respectively. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Teachers as Secondary Players: Involvement in Field Trips to Natural Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alon, Nirit Lavie; Tal, Tali

2017-08-01

This study focused on field trips to natural environments where the teacher plays a secondary role alongside a professional guide. We investigated teachers' and field trip guides' views of the teacher's role, the teacher's actual function on the field trip, and the relationship between them. We observed field trips, interviewed teachers and guides, and administered questionnaires. We found different levels of teacher involvement, ranging from mainly supervising and giving technical help, to high involvement especially in the cognitive domain and sometimes in the social domain. Analysis of students' self-reported outcomes showed that the more students believe their teachers are involved, the higher the self-reported learning outcomes.

Trip generation and data analysis study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

Through the Trip Generation and Data Analysis Study, the District of Columbia Department of : Transportation (DDOT) is undertaking research to better understand multimodal urban trip generation : at mixed-use sites in the District. The study is helpi...

Special land use trip generation in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

Vehicle trip rates at shopping centers, apartment complexes, and subdivisions throughout Virginia were determined from seven-day volume counts. These rates were then compared with rates reported in four recognized sources of trip rate statistics and ...

Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) : Final Technical Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-05-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for rail transit car subsystem reliability information. TRIP provided this assistance through the operation of ...

50 CFR 622.43 - Commercial trip limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico § 622.43 Commercial trip limits. Commercial trip limits are limits on the...

Worksite trip reduction model and manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-04-01

According to Institute of Transportation Engineers, assessing the trip reduction claims from transportation demand management (TDM) programs is an issue for estimating future traffic volumes from trip generation data. To help assess those claims, a W...

Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) Phase I Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-06-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national reliabil...

Effect of weather on pedestrian trip count and duration: City-scale evaluations using mobile phone application data.

PubMed

Vanky, Anthony P; Verma, Santosh K; Courtney, Theodore K; Santi, Paolo; Ratti, Carlo

2017-12-01

We examined the association between meteorological (weather) conditions in a given locale and pedestrian trips frequency and duration, through the use of locative digital data. These associations were determined for seasonality, urban microclimate, and commuting. We analyzed GPS data from a broadly available activity tracking mobile phone application that automatically recorded 247,814 trips from 5432 unique users in Boston and 257,697 trips from 8256 users in San Francisco over a 50-week period. Generally, we observed increased air temperature and the presence of light cloud cover had a positive association with hourly trip frequency in both cities, regardless of seasonality. Temperature and weather conditions generally showed greater associations with weekend and discretionary travel, than with weekday and required travel. Weather conditions had minimal association with the duration of the trip, once the trip was initiated. The observed associations in some cases differed between the two cities. Our study illustrates the opportunity that emerging technology presents to study active transportation, and exposes new methods to wider consideration in preventive medicine.

Study on the Strain Hardening Behaviors of TWIP/TRIP Steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, T. T.; Dan, W. J.; Zhang, W. G.

2017-10-01

Due to the complex coupling of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), and dislocation glide in TWIP/TRIP steels, it is difficult as well as essential to build a comprehensive strain hardening model to describe the interactions between different deformation mechanisms ( i.e., deformation twinning, martensitic transformation, and dislocation glide) and the resulted strain hardening behaviors. To address this issue, a micromechanical model is established in this paper to predict the deformation process of TWIP/TRIP steels considering both TWIP and TRIP effects. In the proposed model, the generation of deformation twinning and martensitic transformation is controlled by the stacking fault energy (SFE) of the material. In the thermodynamic calculation of SFE, deformation temperature, chemical compositions, microstrain, and temperature rise during deformation are taken into account. Varied by experimental results, the developed model can predict the stress-strain response and strain hardening behaviors of TWIP/TRIP steels precisely. In addition, the improved strength and enhanced strain hardening in Fe-Mn-C TWIP/TRIP steels due to the increased carbon content is also analyzed, which consists with literature.

Multi-Destination and Multi-Purpose Trip Effects in the Analysis of the Demand for Trips to a Remote Recreational Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martínez-Espiñeira, Roberto; Amoako-Tuffour, Joe

2009-06-01

One of the basic assumptions of the travel cost method for recreational demand analysis is that the travel cost is always incurred for a single purpose recreational trip. Several studies have skirted around the issue with simplifying assumptions and dropping observations considered as nonconventional holiday-makers or as nontraditional visitors from the sample. The effect of such simplifications on the benefit estimates remains conjectural. Given the remoteness of notable recreational parks, multi-destination or multi-purpose trips are not uncommon. This article examines the consequences of allocating travel costs to a recreational site when some trips were taken for purposes other than recreation and/or included visits to other recreational sites. Using a multi-purpose weighting approach on data from Gros Morne National Park, Canada, we conclude that a proper correction for multi-destination or multi-purpose trip is more of what is needed to avoid potential biases in the estimated effects of the price (travel-cost) variable and of the income variable in the trip generation equation.

An evaluation of the transferability of cross classification trip generation models.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

This report describes the results of the application in Virginia of the trip generation procedures described in the Federal Highway Administration report entitled Trip Generation Analysis and published in 1975. Cross classification models, disaggrega...

Trip generation studies for special generators : final report, December 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

This research examines the effects of town centers and senior housing developments on surrounding roadways and nearby transit. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, which determines number of trips produced or attrac...

Trip generation characteristics of special generators

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

Special generators are introduced in the sequential four-step modeling procedure to represent certain types of facilities whose trip generation characteristics are not fully captured by the standard trip generation module. They are also used in the t...

Improved trip generation data for Texas using workplace and special generator surveys : workshop materials.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

Workshop Objectives: : Present Texas Trip Generation Manual : How developed : How it can be used, built upon : Provide examples and discuss : Present Generic WP Attraction Rates : Review Trip Attractions and Advanced Models

Confessions of a Tenured Professor: Knowing Your Place--A "Professor" and "Travel-Writing Teacher" Returns to Scotland on a Study-Abroad Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irvine, Colin

2010-01-01

Colin Irvine shares that being "lashed to the mast" by virtue of his recent tenure, he often finds himself seeking imaginative ways within the profession to turn trips and long weekends into work. This particular trip was one in which he ended up heading off to Scotland with mostly Medieval Studies majors on a study-abroad trip. Having…

Final Environmental Assessment for the Military Family Housing Privatization Initiative

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

Year 2005 through 2009: VOCE = .016 * Trips NOxE = .015 * Trips PM10E = .0022 * Trips COE = .262 * Trips Appendix A Additional Materials Final...Environmental Assessment Page A-39 Military Family Housing Privatization Initiative Robins Air Force Base, Georgia Year 2010 and beyond: VOCE ...yr) = VOCE * DPYII/2000 NOx (tons/yr) = NOxE * DPYII/2000 PM10 (tons/yr) = PM10E * DPYII/2000 CO (tons/yr) = COE * DPYII/2000 Where: Area of

Colorado geology then and now: following the route of the Colorado Scientific Society's 1901 trip through central Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Simmons, Beth

2013-01-01

In 1901, Charles Van Hise asked Samuel Emmons and Whitman Cross to organize a grand excursion across Colorado as part of the combined meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, GSA, and the Colorado Scientific Society (CSS). This trip replays part of that 10-day excursion across Colorado. Shortened to three days, this trip takes in some of the same sites as the 1901 trip, plus adds others of interest along the route where CSS members are reinventing geological interpretations. The trip will follow the precedent set in 1901; CSS members will serve as “site or stop hosts” in addition to the trip leader and drivers. While walking in the steps of the most famous of our profession we will also see some of the most magnificent scenery of Colorado.

2005 Annual Health Physics Report for HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2006-04-21

During the 2005 calendar year, LLNL provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Program (HEU-TP) in external and internal radiation protection and technical expertise into matters related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2005, there were 161 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 161 person-trips, 149 person-trips were SMVs and 12 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. Additionally, there were 11 monitoring visits by TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIE and 3 to UEIE itself. There were two monitoring visits (source changes)more » that were back to back with 16 monitors. Each of these concurring visits were treated as single person-trips for dosimetry purposes. Counted individually, there were 191 individual person-visits in 2005. The LLNL Safety Laboratories Division provided the dosimetry services for the HEU-TP monitors.« less

Studying Geology of Central Texas through Web-Based Virtual Field Trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, C.; Khan, S. D.; Wellner, J. S.

2007-12-01

Each year over 2500 students, mainly non-science majors, take introductory geology classes at the University of Houston. Optional field trips to Central Texas for these classes provide a unique learning opportunity for students to experience geologic concepts in a real world context. The field trips visit Enchanted Rock, Inks Lake, Bee Cave Road, Lion Mountain, and Slaughter Gap. Unfortunately, only around 10% of our students participate in these field trips. We are developing a web-based virtual field trip for Central Texas to provide an additional effective learning experience for students in these classes. The module for Enchanted Rock is complete and consists of linked geological maps, satellite imagery, digital elevation models, 3-D photography, digital video, and 3-D virtual reality visualizations. The ten virtual stops focus on different geologic process and are accompanied by questions and answers. To test the efficacy of the virtual field trip, we developed a quiz to measure student learning and a survey to evaluate the website. The quiz consists of 10 questions paralleling each stop and information on student attendance on the Central Texas field trip and/or the virtual field trip. From the survey, the average time spent on the website was 26 minutes, and overall the ratings of the virtual field trip were positive. Most noticeably students responded that the information on the website was relevant to their class and that the pictures, figures, and animations were essential to the website. Although high correlation coefficients between responses were expected for some questions (i.e., 0.89 for "The content or text of the website was clear" and "The information on the website was easy to read"), some correlations were less expected: 0.77 for "The number of test questions was appropriate" and "The information on the website was easy to read," and 0.70 for "The test questions reinforced the material presented on the website" and "The information on the website is relevant to my class." These virtual field trips provide an alternative for students who cannot attend the actual field trips. They also allow transfer students to experience these sites before attending upper level field trips, which often return to study these sites in more detail. These modules provide a valuable supplementary experience for all students, as they emphasize skills for which we are presently unable to provide sufficient practice in lecture, fieldtrips, or laboratory. Public access to the field trips is available at: http://geoinfo.geosc.uh.edu/VR/

Identification of new TRIP12 variants and detailed clinical evaluation of individuals with non-syndromic intellectual disability with or without autism

PubMed Central

Lüdecke, H.-J.; Pettersson, M.; Albrecht, B.; Bernier, R. A.; Cremer, K.; Eichler, E. E.; Falkenstein, D.; Gerdts, J.; Jansen, S.; Kuechler, A.; Kvarnung, M.; Lindstrand, A.; Nilsson, D.; Nordgren, A.; Pfundt, R.; Spruijt, L.; Surowy, H. M.; de Vries, B. B. A.; Wieland, T.; Engels, H.; Strom, T. M.; Kleefstra, T.; Wieczorek, D.

2018-01-01

The ubiquitin pathway is an enzymatic cascade including activating E1, conjugating E2, and ligating E3 enzymes, which governs protein degradation and sorting. It is crucial for many physiological processes. Compromised function of members of the ubiquitin pathway leads to a wide range of human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12 (TRIP12) gene (OMIM 604506), which encodes an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin pathway, have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition to autistic features, TRIP12 mutation carriers showed intellectual disability (ID). More recently, TRIP12 was postulated as a novel candidate gene for intellectual disability in a meta-analysis of published ID cohorts. However, detailed clinical information characterizing the phenotype of these individuals was not provided. In this study, we present seven novel individuals with private TRIP12 mutations including two splice site mutations, one nonsense mutation, three missense mutations, and one translocation case with a breakpoint in intron 1 of the TRIP12 gene and clinically review four previously published cases. The TRIP12 mutation-positive individuals presented with mild to moderate ID (10/11) or learning disability [intelligence quotient (IQ) 76 in one individual], ASD (8/11) and some of them with unspecific craniofacial dysmorphism and other anomalies. In this study, we provide detailed clinical information of 11 TRIP12 mutation-positive individuals and thereby expand the clinical spectrum of the TRIP12 gene in non-syndromic intellectual disability with or without ASD. PMID:27848077

Being outside learning about science is amazing: A mixed methods study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weibel, Michelle L.

This study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to examine teachers' environmental attitudes and concerns about an outdoor educational field trip. Converging both quantitative data (Environmental Attitudes Scale and teacher demographics) and qualitative data (Open-Ended Statements of Concern and interviews) facilitated interpretation. Research has shown that adults' attitudes toward the environment strongly influence children's attitudes regarding the environment. Science teachers' attitudes toward nature and attitudes toward children's field experiences influence the number and types of field trips teachers take. Measuring teacher attitudes is a way to assess teacher beliefs. The one day outdoor field trip had significant outcomes for teachers. Quantitative results showed that practicing teachers' environmental attitudes changed following the Forever Earth outdoor field trip intervention. Teacher demographics showed no significance. Interviews provided a more in-depth understanding of teachers' perspectives relating to the field trip and environmental education. Four major themes emerged from the interviews: 1) environmental attitudes, 2) field trip program, 3) integrating environmental education, and 4) concerns. Teachers' major concern, addressed prior to the field trip through the Open-Ended Statements of Concern, was focused on students (i.e., behavior, safety, content knowledge) and was alleviated following the field trip. Interpretation of the results from integrating the quantitative and qualitative results shows that teachers' personal and professional attitudes toward the environment influence their decision to integrate environmental education in classroom instruction. Since the Forever Earth field trip had a positive influence on teachers' environmental attitudes, further research is suggested to observe if teachers integrate environmental education in the classroom to reach the overall goal of increasing environmental literacy.

Identification of new TRIP12 variants and detailed clinical evaluation of individuals with non-syndromic intellectual disability with or without autism.

PubMed

Bramswig, Nuria C; Lüdecke, H-J; Pettersson, M; Albrecht, B; Bernier, R A; Cremer, K; Eichler, E E; Falkenstein, D; Gerdts, J; Jansen, S; Kuechler, A; Kvarnung, M; Lindstrand, A; Nilsson, D; Nordgren, A; Pfundt, R; Spruijt, L; Surowy, H M; de Vries, B B A; Wieland, T; Engels, H; Strom, T M; Kleefstra, T; Wieczorek, D

2017-02-01

The ubiquitin pathway is an enzymatic cascade including activating E1, conjugating E2, and ligating E3 enzymes, which governs protein degradation and sorting. It is crucial for many physiological processes. Compromised function of members of the ubiquitin pathway leads to a wide range of human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12 (TRIP12) gene (OMIM 604506), which encodes an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin pathway, have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition to autistic features, TRIP12 mutation carriers showed intellectual disability (ID). More recently, TRIP12 was postulated as a novel candidate gene for intellectual disability in a meta-analysis of published ID cohorts. However, detailed clinical information characterizing the phenotype of these individuals was not provided. In this study, we present seven novel individuals with private TRIP12 mutations including two splice site mutations, one nonsense mutation, three missense mutations, and one translocation case with a breakpoint in intron 1 of the TRIP12 gene and clinically review four previously published cases. The TRIP12 mutation-positive individuals presented with mild to moderate ID (10/11) or learning disability [intelligence quotient (IQ) 76 in one individual], ASD (8/11) and some of them with unspecific craniofacial dysmorphism and other anomalies. In this study, we provide detailed clinical information of 11 TRIP12 mutation-positive individuals and thereby expand the clinical spectrum of the TRIP12 gene in non-syndromic intellectual disability with or without ASD.

Isolation and characterization of an RIP (ribosome-inactivating protein)-like protein from tobacco with dual enzymatic activity.

PubMed

Sharma, Neelam; Park, Sang-Wook; Vepachedu, Ramarao; Barbieri, Luigi; Ciani, Marialibera; Stirpe, Fiorenzo; Savary, Brett J; Vivanco, Jorge M

2004-01-01

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rRNA, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. In the present study, a protein termed tobacco RIP (TRIP) was isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves and purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography in combination with yeast ribosome depurination assays. TRIP has a molecular mass of 26 kD as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed strong N-glycosidase activity as manifested by the depurination of yeast rRNA. Purified TRIP showed immunoreactivity with antibodies of RIPs from Mirabilis expansa. TRIP released fewer amounts of adenine residues from ribosomal (Artemia sp. and rat ribosomes) and non-ribosomal substrates (herring sperm DNA, rRNA, and tRNA) compared with other RIPs. TRIP inhibited translation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ more efficiently than in rabbit reticulocytes, showing an IC50 at 30 ng in the former system. Antimicrobial assays using highly purified TRIP (50 microg mL(-1)) conducted against various fungi and bacterial pathogens showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Trichoderma reesei and Pseudomonas solancearum. A 15-amino acid internal polypeptide sequence of TRIP was identical with the internal sequences of the iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) from wild tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia), Arabidopsis, and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Purified TRIP showed SOD activity, and Escherichia coli Fe-SOD was observed to have RIP activity too. Thus, TRIP may be considered a dual activity enzyme showing RIP-like activity and Fe-SOD characteristics.

Oregon statewide transit trip planning evaluation plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-05-09

The Trip Planner is intended to make public transportation of all kinds easier to use by increasing the availability, quality, and amount of information about these services, and improving the ability of travelers to plan a trip, especially using mul...

Simulating household travel survey data in metropolitan areas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-09-01

Census data provide a rich range of socioeconomic characteristics from which it is shown that trip characteristics can be simulated. This report summarizes research into the simulation of the trips and trip characteristics for a random sample of hous...

1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study : vehicle occupancy

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

This report is part of a series that presents findings from the 1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (NPTS). This report contains average vehicle occupancy rates by trip characteristics (trip purpose, trip length, time of day and day of the ...

A Biomes Field Trip.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leonard, William H.; And Others

1983-01-01

Describes a field trip designed to give students opportunities to experience relevant data leading to concepts in biogeography. Suggests that teachers (including college instructors) adapt the areas studied and procedures used to their own locations. Includes a suggested field trip handout. (JN)

Multimodal Trip Planner System final evaluation report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This evaluation of the Multimodal Trip Planning System (MMTPS) is the culmination of a multi-year project evaluating the development and deployment of a multimodal trip planner in the Chicagoland area between 2004 and 2010. The report includes an ove...

Trip generation at Virginia agritourism land uses.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

When new agritourism land uses are initially proposed, a lack of data on how many vehicle trips these uses tend to create : (known as trip generation) means that there is limited guidance available for transportation planners and engineers to make : ...

Residential trip generation : ground counts versus surveys.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

Residential trip generation rates, defined herein as the total number of vehicle trips per household during a 24-hour period, are a fundamental component of transportation planning. When agencies have different estimates of these rates for the same m...

You Can't Reach for the Stars if You are Tripping Over the Ground! (Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Darcy; Raysich, Mark; Kirkland, Mary

2016-01-01

Although there are very few mishaps related to ground, vehicle or payload processing at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), employees have experienced a significant number of injuries due to slips, trips, and falls outside of performing flight processing operations. Slips, trips, and falls are major causes of occupational injuries at KSC, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and in general industry. To help KSC employees avoid these injuries, and allow them to be fully productive, KSC launched an initiative in 2013 to reduce slips, trips, and falls. This initiative is based on a four-part model focusing on DATA analysis, HAZARD awareness, PREVENTIVE methods, and BALANCE.

Fellows in the Middle: Fabulous Field Trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

West, Mary Lou

2008-05-01

Montclair State University's NSF GK-12 Program focuses on grades 7 and 8 in five urban public school districts in northern New Jersey. Each year four fieldtrips are taken by the students, middle school teachers, and graduate student Fellows. Many interdisciplinary hands-on lessons are written for use before, during and after each trip with this year's theme of Earth history. The Sterling Hill Mine trip evoked lessons on geology, economics, crystal structure, density, and pH. A virtual trip (webcam link) to scientists in the rainforest of Panama prompted critical thinking, categorizing layers and animals, and construction of model food webs. In the field trip to the NJ School of Conservation the students will build model aquifers, measure tree heights, and measure stream flow to compare to their Hackensack River. Finally the students will travel to MSU for a Math/Science Day with research talks, lab tours, hands-on activities, and a poster session. In January 2008 seventeen teachers, Fellows, and grant personnel took a field trip to China to set up collaborations with researchers and schools in Beijing and Xi'an, including the Beijing Ancient Observatory. All field trips are fabulous! Next year (IYA) our theme will be planetary science and will feature field trips to the Newark Museum's Dreyfuss Planetarium, BCC Buehler Challenger & Science Center, and star parties. We look forward to invigorating middle school science and mathematics with exciting astronomy. Funded by NSF #0638708

Understanding taxi travel patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Hua; Zhan, Xiaowei; Zhu, Ji; Jia, Xiaoping; Chiu, Anthony S. F.; Xu, Ming

2016-09-01

Taxis play important roles in modern urban transportation systems, especially in mega cities. While providing necessary amenities, taxis also significantly contribute to traffic congestion, urban energy consumption, and air pollution. Understanding the travel patterns of taxis is thus important for addressing many urban sustainability challenges. Previous research has primarily focused on examining the statistical properties of passenger trips, which include only taxi trips occupied with passengers. However, unoccupied trips are also important for urban sustainability issues because they represent potential opportunities to improve the efficiency of the transportation system. Therefore, we need to understand the travel patterns of taxis as an integrated system, instead of focusing only on the occupied trips. In this study we examine GPS trajectory data of 11,880 taxis in Beijing, China for a period of three weeks. Our results show that taxi travel patterns share similar traits with travel patterns of individuals but also exhibit differences. Trip displacement distribution of taxi travels is statistically greater than the exponential distribution and smaller than the truncated power-law distribution. The distribution of short trips (less than 30 miles) can be best fitted with power-law while long trips follow exponential decay. We use radius of gyration to characterize individual taxi's travel distance and find that it does not follow a truncated power-law as observed in previous studies. Spatial and temporal regularities exist in taxi travels. However, with increasing spatial coverage, taxi trips can exhibit dual high probability density centers.

A day trip to a forest park increases human natural killer activity and the expression of anti-cancer proteins in male subjects.

PubMed

Li, Qing; Kobayashi, M; Inagaki, H; Hirata, Y; Li, Y J; Hirata, K; Shimizu, T; Suzuki, H; Katsumata, M; Wakayama, Y; Kawada, T; Ohira, T; Matsui, N; Kagawa, T

2010-01-01

We previously reported that 2-night/3-day trips to forest parks enhanced human NK activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that this increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in both male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a day trip to a forest park on human NK activity in male subjects. Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 35-53 years, were selected after giving informed consent. The subjects experienced a day trip to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in the forest park on Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled in the morning of the following day and 7 days after the trip, and the NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes, the concentration of cortisol in blood samples, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a weekend day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in the forest were measured. The day trip to the forest park significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of CD16(+) and CD56(+) NK cells, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing NK cells and significantly decreased CD4(+) T cells, the concentrations of cortisol in the blood and adrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene, were detected in the forest air. These findings indicate that the day trip to the forest park also increased the NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted for at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

TRIP : The Transportation Remuneration and Incentive Program in West Virginia, 1974-1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-07-01

Between July 1974 and June 1979, the State of West Virginia was host to the largest Federal demonstration program for improving rural transit service called Transportation Remuneration Incentive Program (TRIP). The remuneration part of TRIP (ticket s...

Putting a "New Kick" into the Adult Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammack, Merle S.

1978-01-01

A vocational agriculture instructor describes the adult education tour program in Ferris, Texas, involving farm bus trips and plane trips to various farming areas and industries. The trips were financed by the participants and some business firms and organizations. (MF)

Does the circadian clock drift when pilots fly multiple transpacific flights with 1- to 2-day layovers?

PubMed

Gander, Philippa; Mulrine, Hannah M; van den Berg, Margo J; Wu, Lora; Smith, Alexander; Signal, Leigh; Mangie, Jim

2016-01-01

On trips with multiple transmeridian flights, pilots experience successive non-24 h day/night cycles with circadian and sleep disruption. One study across a 9-day sequence of transpacific flights (no in-flight sleep, 1-day layovers between flights) reported an average period in the core body temperature rhythm of 24.6 h (circadian drift). Consequently, pilots were sometimes flying through the circadian performance nadir and had to readapt to home base time at the end of the trip. The present study examined circadian drift in trip patterns with longer flights and in-flight sleep. Thirty-nine B747-400 pilots (19 captains, 20 first officers, mean age = 55.5 years) were monitored on 9- to 13-day trips with multiple return flights between East Coast USA and Japan (in 4-pilot crews) and between Japan and Hawaii (in 3-pilot crews), with 1-day layovers between each flight. Measures included total in-flight sleep (actigraphy, log books) and top of descent (TOD) measures of sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue (Samn-Perelli Crew Status Check) and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance. Circadian rhythms of individual pilots were not monitored. To detect circadian drift, mixed-model analysis of variance examined whether for a given flight, total in-flight sleep and TOD measures varied according to when the flight occurred in the trip sequence. In addition, sleep propensity curves for pre-trip and post-trip days were examined (Chi-square periodogram analyses). Limited data suggest that total in-flight sleep of relief crew at landing may have decreased across successive East Coast USA-Japan (flights 1, 3, 5 or 7; median arrival 03:45 Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)). However, PVT response speed at TOD was faster on East Coast USA-Japan flights later in the trip. On these flights, circadian drift would result in flights later in the trip landing closer to the evening wake maintenance zone, when sleep is difficult and PVT response speeds are fastest. On Japan-East Coast USA flights (flights 2, 4, 6 or 8; median arrival time 14:52 EDT), PVT response speeds were slower on flight 8 than on flight 2. Circadian drift would move these arrivals progressively earlier in the SCN pacemaker cycle, where PVT response speeds are slower. Across the five post-trip days, 12 pilots (Group A) immediately resumed their pre-trip sleep pattern of a single nocturnal sleep episode; 9 pilots (Group B) had a daytime nap on most days that moved progressively earlier until it merged with nocturnal sleep and 17 pilots (Group C) had nocturnal sleep and intermittent naps. Chi-square periodogram analyses of the sleep propensity curves for each group across baseline and post-trip days suggest full adaptation to EDT from post-trip day 1 (dominant period = 24 h). However, in Groups B and C, the patterns of split sleep post-trip compared to pre-trip suggest that this may be misleading. We conclude that the trends in total in-flight sleep and significant changes in PVT performance speed at TOD provide preliminary evidence for circadian drift, as do persistent patterns of split sleep post-trip. However, new measures to track circadian rhythms in individual pilots are needed to confirm these findings.

The association between graduated driver licensing laws and travel behaviors among adolescents: an analysis of US National Household Travel Surveys.

PubMed

Zhu, Motao; Cummings, Peter; Zhao, Songzhu; Rice, Thomas

2016-07-27

Young novice drivers have crash rates higher than any other age group. To address this problem, graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented in the United States to require an extended learner permit phase, and create night time driving or passenger restrictions for adolescent drivers. GDL allows adolescents to gain experience driving under low-risk conditions with the aim of reducing crashes. The restricted driving might increase riding with parents or on buses, which might be safer, or walking or biking, which might be more dangerous. We examined whether GDL increases non-driver travels, and whether it reduces total travels combining drivers and non-drivers. We used data from the US National Household Travel Survey for the years 1995-1996, 2001-2002, and 2008-2009 to estimate the adjusted ratio for the number of trips and trip kilometers made by persons exposed to a GDL law, compared with those not exposed. Adolescents aged 16 years had fewer trips and kilometers as drivers when exposed to a GDL law: ratio 0.84 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.71, 1.00) for trips; 0.79 (0.63, 0.98) for kilometers. For adolescents aged 17 years, the trip ratio was 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) and the kilometers ratio 0.80 (0.63, 1.03). There was little association between GDL laws and trips or kilometers traveled by other methods: ratio 1.03 for trips and 1.00 for kilometers for age 16 years, 0.94 for trips and 1.07 for kilometers for age 17. If these associations are causal, GDL laws reduced driving kilometers by about 20 % for 16 and 17 year olds, and reduced the number of driving trips by 16 % among 16 year olds. GDL laws showed little relationship with trips by other methods.

Comparison of the effectiveness of real and virtual field trips in biology and ecology classes in lower secondary school based on the example of the Maribor island natural educational trail

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puhek, Miro

The present doctoral thesis presents a case study within the scope of which real and virtual field trips have been compared. The emphasis of the study was on determining the levels of knowledge gain effectiveness in the fields of biology and ecology in the final triad (third) of lower secondary school education. The analysis included students completing various tasks along the Maribor Island natural education trail, which had been digitized and inserted into Geopedia. The study was conducted in autumn of 2011 and included 464 students (enrolled in grades from 6 to 9) from 11 lower secondary schools located in the Maribor area. The results have generally shown minute differences between the levels of knowledge acquisition effectiveness between both field trips. During the real field trip, the majority of the students included in the study achieved better results particularly at tasks where they were able to benefit from first-hand experience. During the virtual field trip, individual students were more successful at tasks where they were allowed to access a computer in order to obtain additional information. Within the scope of the study, we had also surveyed lower secondary and secondary school teachers on the frequency of including field trips in the curriculum, on the obstacles that the teachers faced with regard to including field work in it, and on their views on real and virtual field trips. The survey included a total of 386 teachers, the majority whom were teaching the subjects of biology, geography, and natural science. The results have shown that the surveyed teachers regard field trips as a very important educational method that particularly encourages experience-based learning in nature. The views of the teachers on virtual field trips were generally positive, but only when regarded and applied as a supplemental teaching tool and not as a substitute for real field trips.

Trip Report, Europe - November/December 1994

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-12

THIS TRIP REPORT IS PREPARED AS A DELIVERABLE UNDER THE FHWA CONTRACT NO. DTFH61-93-C-00064. THE REPORT WILL BEGIN WITH A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PURPOSES AND DESTINATIONS OF THE TWO-WEEK EUROPEAN TRIP TAKEN BY THE CONSULTANT IN NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 19...

Mobile Interventional Stroke Teams Lead to Faster Treatment Times for Thrombectomy in Large Vessel Occlusion.

PubMed

Wei, Daniel; Oxley, Thomas J; Nistal, Dominic A; Mascitelli, Justin R; Wilson, Natalie; Stein, Laura; Liang, John; Turkheimer, Lena M; Morey, Jacob R; Schwegel, Claire; Awad, Ahmed J; Shoirah, Hazem; Kellner, Christopher P; De Leacy, Reade A; Mayer, Stephan A; Tuhrim, Stanley; Paramasivam, Srinivasan; Mocco, J; Fifi, Johanna T

2017-12-01

Endovascular recanalization treatment for acute ischemic stroke is a complex, time-sensitive intervention. Trip-and-treat is an interhospital service delivery model that has not previously been evaluated in the literature and consists of a shared mobile interventional stroke team that travels to primary stroke centers to provide on-site interventional capability. We compared treatment times between the trip-and-treat model and the traditional drip-and-ship model. We performed a retrospective analysis on 86 consecutive eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion who received endovascular treatment at 4 hospitals in Manhattan. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: trip-and-treat (n=39) and drip-and-ship (n=47). The primary outcome was initial door-to-puncture time, defined as the time between arrival at any hospital and arterial puncture. We also recorded and analyzed the times of last known well, IV-tPA (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator) administration, transfer, and reperfusion. Mean initial door-to-puncture time was 143 minutes for trip-and-treat and 222 minutes for drip-and-ship ( P <0.0001). Although there was a trend in longer puncture-to-recanalization times for trip-and-treat ( P =0.0887), initial door-to-recanalization was nonetheless 79 minutes faster for trip-and-treat ( P <0.0001). There was a trend in improved admission-to-discharge change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for trip-and-treat compared with drip-and-ship ( P =0.0704). Compared with drip-and-ship, the trip-and-treat model demonstrated shorter treatment times for endovascular therapy in our series. The trip-and-treat model offers a valid alternative to current interhospital stroke transfers in urban environments. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

Inspection of the Secretary of Energy`s foreign travel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-10-07

On December 9, 1995, the Secretary of Energy requested that the Department`s Inspector General (IG) conduct a thorough examination of all Secretarial foreign travel from 1993 to December 1995 to include the purpose of each trip, the activities of each Federal participant in each trip, the funding of each trip, and claims for reimbursements for expenses by Federal trip participants. The Secretary also requested that the review include an assessment of travel authorization, voucher, traveler reimbursement, and auditing systems employed by the Department to identify steps that could be taken to reduce errors and improve accounting oversight. Additionally, the Secretarymore » requested that the Inspector General conduct a thorough examination of the establishment and filling of the Department`s Ombudsman position. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) initiated a review into these matters and assigned primary responsibility for the review to the Office of Inspections. The purpose of this inspection was to conduct a thorough examination of the 16 Secretarial foreign trips from June 1993 to December 1995. This report focuses on the four trade missions because of their extent and cost. We examined a number of Departmental management systems and processes involved in planning and executing the 16 foreign trips. To determine the actual cost of the 16 trips, it was necessary to determine who participated in the trips and to identify the individual travel costs. We were required to perform extensive reviews of records and conduct a large number of interviews because the Department could not provide any specific documents that could accurately account for who actually participated on the 16 trips. Having identified who participated, it was then necessary to examine key aspects of the Department`s management systems. Our report contains 31 recommendations for corrective action.« less

Daily Variations in Spring Break Alcohol and Sexual Behaviors Based on Intentions, Perceived Norms, and Daily Trip Context

PubMed Central

Patrick, Megan E.; Lee, Christine M.

2012-01-01

Objective: Given the known risks of alcohol use and sexual behavior for college students on Spring Break, this study was designed to document the behaviors and correlates associated with being on a Spring Break trip on a given day (controlling for average time on a trip). Method: Participants were undergraduate students (n = 261; 55% women) who reported that they planned to go on a Spring Break trip. Web-based survey responses before and after Spring Break documented perceived norms, intentions, and actual behavior on each of the 10 days of Spring Break. Results: Students who went on longer trips, who previously engaged in more heavy episodic drinking, or who had greater pre–Spring Break intentions to drink reported greater alcohol use during Spring Break. Similarly, students with greater pre–Spring Break intentions to have sex, greater perceived norms for sex, or more previoussexual partners had greater odds of having sex. On days students were on trips, they had a greater likelihood of having sex, drinking to higher estimated blood alcohol concentrations, consuming more drinks, and reporting perceived drunkenness than on nontrip days, especially if they had intentions to have sex and drink alcohol (and, for models predicting sexual behavior and drunkenness, had greater perceived norms for sex and drinking). Conclusions: Students who went on Spring Break trips engaged in more risk behaviors. In addition, the context of being on a trip on a given day was associated with increased risk, especially if they had stronger intentions and, in some cases, higher perceived norms. Further research is needed to describe the contexts of Spring Break trips and how to intervene effectively. PMID:22630797

Establishment of Local Trip Generation Rates or Equations for Mixed-Use Developments in Kansas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Currently, the trip generation rates and equations contained in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) : Trip Generation Manual, 8th Edition are based on the information collected at single-use, free-standing sites and cannot : be directly a...

1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study : home-to-work trips and travel

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-12-01

This report is part of a series that presents findings from the 1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (NPTS). This report describes home-to-work trips and trave l in 1977. The home-to-work trip purpose is explored relative to location, househ...

Trip generation studies for special generators : research summary , December 17, 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-17

The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation, 7th ed., which determines the number of : trips produced or attracted by different developments, does not include town centers as a type of land use. It : has also been argued that the ...

Analysis of Transportation Energy Consumption: En Route Towards Carbon Reduction for Sustainable Campus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukor, Nur Sabahiah Abdul; Asmah Hassan, Sitti

2017-08-01

This paper reports the estimation of transportation energy consumption based on the travel behaviour characteristics of the population in the Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The travel behaviour characteristics include the travel distance, travel speed, number of trips per day, and modal share of the transport, which only focused on the trips that were made inside the campus. The travel behaviour data were collected through online and pencil-and-paper questionnaire survey involving 1000 respondents including staffs and students, which is equivalent to 25% of the total population. The result from the survey showed that a total of 1897 trips per day were made by the motorised vehicle owners including car and motorcycle owners. The total trip length per day was 1056.29 km with an average speed of 45km/h. The average trip for each person was four trips per day. The estimate energy consumption from the motorised vehicles in this campus was reported to be 1.25E9 MJ.

Crew factors in flight operations 6: Psychophysiological responses to helicopter operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gander, Philippa H.; Barnes, Rory M.; Gregory, Kevin B.; Connell, Linda J.; Miller, Donna L.; Graeber, R. Curtis

1994-01-01

Thirty-two helicopter pilots were studied before, during, and after 4-5 day trips providing support services from Aberdeen, Scotland, to rigs in the North Sea oil fields. Early on-duty times obliged subjects to wake up 1.5 hours earlier on trip days than on pretrip days. Consequently, they slept nearly an hour less per night on trips. They reported more fatigue on post-trip days than on pretrip days, suggesting a cumulative effect of duty-related activities and sleep loss. Fatigue and negative affect were higher, and activation lower, by the end of trip days than by the end of pretrip days. The earlier a subject went on duty, the lower his activation by the end of the day. Caffeine consumption increased 42 percent on trip days. The incidence of headache doubled, of back pain increased twelve fold, and of burning eyes quadrupled. In the aircraft studied, thermal discomfort and high vibration levels were common. The longer pilots remained on duty, the more negative their mood became.

Recommendations for Planning and Managing International Short-term Pharmacy Service Trips

PubMed Central

Alsharif, Naser Z.; Rovers, John; Connor, Sharon; White, Nicole D.; Hogue, Michael D.

2017-01-01

International pharmacy service trips by schools and colleges of pharmacy allow students to provide health care to medically underserved areas. A literature review (2000-2016) in databases and Internet searches with specific keywords or terms was performed to assess current practices to establish and maintain successful pharmacy service trips. Educational documents such as syllabi were obtained from pharmacy programs and examined. A preliminary draft was developed and authors worked on sections of interest and expertise. Considerations and current recommendations are provided for the key aspects of the home institution and the host country requirements for pharmacy service trips based on findings from a literature search and the authors’ collective, extensive experience. Evaluation of the trip and ethical considerations are also discussed. This article serves as a resource for schools and colleges of pharmacy that are interested in the development of new pharmacy service trips and provides key considerations for continuous quality improvement of current or future activities. PMID:28381883

Vanpool trip planning based on evolutionary multiple objective optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Ming; Yang, Disheng; Feng, Shibing; Liu, Hengchang

2017-08-01

Carpool and vanpool draw a lot of researchers’ attention, which is the emphasis of this paper. A concrete vanpool operation definition is given, based on the given definition, this paper tackles vanpool operation optimization using user experience decline index(UEDI). This paper is focused on making each user having identical UEDI and the system having minimum sum of all users’ UEDI. Three contributions are made, the first contribution is a vanpool operation scheme diagram, each component of the scheme is explained in detail. The second contribution is getting all customer’s UEDI as a set, standard deviation and sum of all users’ UEDI set are used as objectives in multiple objective optimization to decide trip start address, trip start time and trip destination address. The third contribution is a trip planning algorithm, which tries to minimize the sum of all users’ UEDI. Geographical distribution of the charging stations and utilization rate of the charging stations are considered in the trip planning process.

Recommendations for Planning and Managing International Short-term Pharmacy Service Trips.

PubMed

Johnson, Kalin L; Alsharif, Naser Z; Rovers, John; Connor, Sharon; White, Nicole D; Hogue, Michael D

2017-03-25

International pharmacy service trips by schools and colleges of pharmacy allow students to provide health care to medically underserved areas. A literature review (2000-2016) in databases and Internet searches with specific keywords or terms was performed to assess current practices to establish and maintain successful pharmacy service trips. Educational documents such as syllabi were obtained from pharmacy programs and examined. A preliminary draft was developed and authors worked on sections of interest and expertise. Considerations and current recommendations are provided for the key aspects of the home institution and the host country requirements for pharmacy service trips based on findings from a literature search and the authors' collective, extensive experience. Evaluation of the trip and ethical considerations are also discussed. This article serves as a resource for schools and colleges of pharmacy that are interested in the development of new pharmacy service trips and provides key considerations for continuous quality improvement of current or future activities.

Using GPS, GIS, and Accelerometer Data to Predict Transportation Modes.

PubMed

Brondeel, Ruben; Pannier, Bruno; Chaix, Basile

2015-12-01

Active transportation is a substantial source of physical activity, which has a positive influence on many health outcomes. A survey of transportation modes for each trip is challenging, time-consuming, and requires substantial financial investments. This study proposes a passive collection method and the prediction of modes at the trip level using random forests. The RECORD GPS study collected real-life trip data from 236 participants over 7 d, including the transportation mode, global positioning system, geographical information systems, and accelerometer data. A prediction model of transportation modes was constructed using the random forests method. Finally, we investigated the performance of models on the basis of a limited number of participants/trips to predict transportation modes for a large number of trips. The full model had a correct prediction rate of 90%. A simpler model of global positioning system explanatory variables combined with geographical information systems variables performed nearly as well. Relatively good predictions could be made using a model based on the 991 trips of the first 30 participants. This study uses real-life data from a large sample set to test a method for predicting transportation modes at the trip level, thereby providing a useful complement to time unit-level prediction methods. By enabling predictions on the basis of a limited number of observations, this method may decrease the workload for participants/researchers and provide relevant trip-level data to investigate relations between transportation and health.

Flat Plate Boundary Layer Stimulation Using Trip Wires and Hama Strips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peguero, Charles; Henoch, Charles; Hrubes, James; Fredette, Albert; Roberts, Raymond; Huyer, Stephen

2017-11-01

Water tunnel experiments on a flat plate at zero angle of attack were performed to investigate the effect of single roughness elements, i.e., trip wires and Hama strips, on the transition to turbulence. Boundary layer trips are traditionally used in scale model testing to force a boundary layer to transition from laminar to turbulent flow at a single location to aid in scaling of flow characteristics. Several investigations of trip wire effects exist in the literature, but there is a dearth of information regarding the influence of Hama strips on the flat plate boundary layer. The intent of this investigation is to better understand the effects of boundary layer trips, particularly Hama strips, and to investigate the pressure-induced drag of both styles of boundary layer trips. Untripped and tripped boundary layers along a flat plate at a range of flow speeds were characterized with multiple diagnostic measurements in the NUWC/Newport 12-inch water tunnel. A wide range of Hama strip and wire trip thicknesses were used. Measurements included dye flow visualization, direct skin friction and parasitic drag force, boundary layer profiles using LDV, wall shear stress fluctuations using hot film anemometry, and streamwise pressure gradients. Test results will be compared to the CFD and boundary layer model results as well as the existing body of work. Conclusions, resulting in guidance for application of Hama strips in model scale experiments and non-dimensional predictions of pressure drag will be presented.

Effectiveness of the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program for Increasing Adolescent Motivation for Change

PubMed Central

Becan, Jennifer E.; Knight, Danica K.; Crawley, Rachel D.; Joe, George W.; Flynn, Patrick M.

2014-01-01

Success in substance abuse treatment is improved by problem recognition, desire to seek help, and readiness to engage in treatment, all of which are important aspects of motivation. Interventions that facilitate these at treatment induction for adolescents are especially needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of TRIP (Treatment Readiness and Induction Program) in promoting treatment motivation. Data represent 519 adolescents from 6 residential programs who completed assessments at treatment intake (Time 1) and 35 days after admission (Time 2). The design consisted of a comparison sample (n = 281) that had enrolled in treatment prior to implementation of TRIP (standard operating practice) and a sample of clients that had entered treatment after TRIP began and received standard operating practice enhanced by TRIP (n = 238). Repeated measures ANCOVAs were conducted using each Time 2 motivation scale as a dependent measure. Motivation scales were conceptualized as representing sequential stages of change. LISREL was used to test a structural model involving TRIP participation, gender, drug use severity, juvenile justice involvement, age, race-ethnicity, prior treatment, and urgency as predictors of the stages of treatment motivation. Compared to standard practice, adolescents receiving TRIP demonstrated greater gains in problem recognition, even after controlling for the other variables in the model. The model fit was adequate, with TRIP directly affecting problem recognition and indirectly affecting later stages of change (desire for help and treatment readiness). Future studies should examine which specific components of TRIP affect change in motivation. PMID:25456094

Chemistry in Action: How to Plan a Visit to the Chemical Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nae, Hemi; And Others

1982-01-01

Presents guidelines for field trips to chemical industries. Includes examples of objectives, administrative aspects (time off from school, contact persons, transportation, pre/post-trip discussions, and guides at the industrial facility). Includes an evaluation of trips taken to industrial plants in Israel. (JN)

Establishment of Local Trip Generation Rates or Equations for Mixed-Use Developments in Kansas : Technical Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Currently, the trip generation rates and equations contained in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, 8th Edition are based on the information collected at single-use, free-standing sites and cannot be directly appli...

More Virtual Field Trips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Gail; Cooper, Gary

This directory covers additional Web sites and opportunities that have appeared in the year since the original book, "Virtual Field Trips," was published. The field trips provided are appropriate for K-12 students and designed to meet the goals and interests of educators. Organized by subjects and cross-referenced for quick and easy…

Effectiveness of Field Trips in Teaching Groundwater Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pederson, Darryll T.

1979-01-01

The field trip procedures described were devised for use with freshman college students as an alternative to a classroom or laboratory session. Pre-test and post-test of students' knowledge of groundwater concepts show significant change in students' understanding of groundwater occurance and movement following such a trip. (RE)

Inferring High-Resolution Individual’s Activity and Trip Purposes with the Fusion of Social Media, Land Use and Connected Vehicle Trajectories

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-30

Trip purpose is crucial to travel behavior modeling and travel demand estimation for transportation planning and investment decisions. However, the spatial-temporal complexity of human activities makes the prediction of trip purpose a challenging pro...

46 CFR 11.705 - Route familiarization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... limitations specified in this section, the number of round trips required to qualify an applicant for a... endorsement as first-class pilot shall furnish evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips... sought. Evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips while serving as an observer...

46 CFR 11.705 - Route familiarization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... limitations specified in this section, the number of round trips required to qualify an applicant for a... endorsement as first-class pilot shall furnish evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips... sought. Evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips while serving as an observer...

46 CFR 11.705 - Route familiarization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... limitations specified in this section, the number of round trips required to qualify an applicant for a... endorsement as first-class pilot shall furnish evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips... sought. Evidence of having completed a minimum number of round trips while serving as an observer...

Funding and Philosophy: A Conversation About Band Trips and Fund Raising.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoffer, Charles R.

1992-01-01

A hypothetical conversation between Thoughtful Principal and Music Teacher raises some basic issues about fund raising, booster activities, and band trips. Considerations about contest criteria, door-to-door selling, student costs, support for nonband musical programs, and the educational and motivational value of band trips are discussed. (MLH)

30 CFR 56.19067 - Trips during shift changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trips during shift changes. 56.19067 Section 56.19067 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19067 Trips during shift changes. During shift changes, an authorized person shall...

30 CFR 57.19067 - Trips during shift changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trips during shift changes. 57.19067 Section 57.19067 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL... Hoisting Hoisting Procedures § 57.19067 Trips during shift changes. During shift changes, an authorized...

A Day at the Museums

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubel, Joy Alter

2009-01-01

The school field trip, once a supporting player in a well-rounded education, is slowly becoming endangered. Widespread budget cuts have made happily anticipated class trips to museums, zoos, and other cultural destinations increasingly scarce. A librarian may be able to rescue the field trip from extinction by transforming the school building into…

Student Attitudes toward and Recall of Outside Day: An Environmental Science Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nadelson, Louis S.; Jordan, J. Richard

2012-01-01

Field trips are effective because they situate learning and facilitate knowledge transfer, thereby influencing students learning attitudes, interests, and motivation. Variations in field trip configurations and the subsequent affective and cognitive influences provided the motivation for this study of Outside Day--an environmental education field…

Time signal distribution in communication networks based on synchronous digital hierarchy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Imaoka, Atsushi; Kihara, Masami

1993-01-01

A new method that uses round-trip paths to accurately measure transmission delay for time synchronization is proposed. The performance of the method in Synchronous Digital Hierarchy networks is discussed. The feature of this method is that it separately measures the initial round trip path delay and the variations in round-trip path delay. The delay generated in SDH equipment is determined by measuring the initial round-trip path delay. In an experiment with actual SDH equipment, the error of initial delay measurement was suppressed to 30ns.

2007 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2008-04-09

During the 2007 calendar year, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Program for external and internal radiation protection and technical expertise related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2007, there were 172 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 172 person-trips, 160 person-trips were SMVs and 12 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. There were 12 monitoring visits by TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIE and 10 to UEIE itself. There were two monitoring visits (sourcemore » changes) that were back to back with 14 monitors. LLNL's Hazard Control Division laboratories provided the dosimetry services for the HEU Transparency monitors.« less

Managing the effect of TRIPS on availability of priority vaccines.

PubMed Central

Milstien, Julie; Kaddar, Miloud

2006-01-01

The stated purpose of intellectual property protection is to stimulate innovation. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requires all Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to enact national laws conferring minimum standards of intellectual property protection by certain deadlines. Critics of the Agreement fear that such action is inconsistent with ensuring access to medicines in the developing world. A WHO convened meeting on intellectual property rights and vaccines in developing countries, on which this paper is based, found no evidence that TRIPS has stimulated innovation in developing market vaccine development (where markets are weak) or that protection of intellectual property rights has had a negative effect on access to vaccines. However, access to future vaccines in the developing world could be threatened by compliance with TRIPS. The management of such threats requires adherence of all countries to the Doha Declaration on TRIPS, and the protections guaranteed by the Agreement itself, vigilance on TRIPS-plus elements of free trade agreements, developing frameworks for licensing and technology transfer, and promoting innovative vaccine development in developing countries. The role of international organizations in defining best practices, dissemination of information, and monitoring TRIPS impact will be crucial to ensuring optimal access to priority new vaccines for the developing world. PMID:16710544

Field Trip - Conservation of Carnivores in Namibia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibson, Amanda

2017-04-01

Field trips are a key component of our curriculum at ISWB. Classroom teaching is invaluable but field trips provide pupils with a tangible connection to pertinent issues of conservation. ISWB realises the importance of out of the classroom learning in field trips and to this end our students have an opportunity to partake in a number of 3-5 day field trips per academic year. In 2016, several Year 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 students visited the AfriCat Foundation on Okonjima in central Namibia for 4 days to learn about the conservation of the predator population in Namibia. The trips were very successful and another trip this year to AfriCat North close to Etosha National Park, where the students will work closely with the local farming communities, is planned. AfriCat provides Environmental Education programmes for the youth of Namibia giving them a greater understanding of the importance of wildlife conservation. Their main objective is promoting predator and environmental awareness amongst the youth of Namibia. AfriCat Environmental Education Programme is based on 1997 UNESCO-UNEP Environmental Education objectives. "Attitudes: To raise concern about problems, values, personal responsibility and willingness to participate/act. In the end, we conserve only what we love. We will love only what we understand. We will understand only what we are taught."

Hybrid intelligent monironing systems for thermal power plant trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barsoum, Nader; Ismail, Firas Basim

2012-11-01

Steam boiler is one of the main equipment in thermal power plants. If the steam boiler trips it may lead to entire shutdown of the plant, which is economically burdensome. Early boiler trips monitoring is crucial to maintain normal and safe operational conditions. In the present work two artificial intelligent monitoring systems specialized in boiler trips have been proposed and coded within the MATLAB environment. The training and validation of the two systems has been performed using real operational data captured from the plant control system of selected power plant. An integrated plant data preparation framework for seven boiler trips with related operational variables has been proposed for IMSs data analysis. The first IMS represents the use of pure Artificial Neural Network system for boiler trip detection. All seven boiler trips under consideration have been detected by IMSs before or at the same time of the plant control system. The second IMS represents the use of Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks as a hybrid intelligent system. A slightly lower root mean square error was observed in the second system which reveals that the hybrid intelligent system performed better than the pure neural network system. Also, the optimal selection of the most influencing variables performed successfully by the hybrid intelligent system.

Non-Emergency Medical Transportation Needs of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Rural-Urban Comparison in Delaware, USA.

PubMed

Smith, Matthew Lee; Prohaska, Thomas R; MacLeod, Kara E; Ory, Marcia G; Eisenstein, Amy R; Ragland, David R; Irmiter, Cheryl; Towne, Samuel D; Satariano, William A

2017-02-10

Background : Older adults in rural areas have unique transportation barriers to accessing medical care, which include a lack of mass transit options and considerable distances to health-related services. This study contrasts non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) service utilization patterns and associated costs for Medicaid middle-aged and older adults in rural versus urban areas. Methods : Data were analyzed from 39,194 NEMT users of LogistiCare-brokered services in Delaware residing in rural (68.3%) and urban (30.9%) areas. Multivariable logistic analyses compared trip characteristics by rurality designation. Results : Rural (37.2%) and urban (41.2%) participants used services more frequently for dialysis than for any other medical concern. Older age and personal accompaniment were more common and wheel chair use was less common for rural trips. The mean cost per trip was greater for rural users (difference of $2910 per trip), which was attributed to the greater distance per trip in rural areas. Conclusions : Among a sample who were eligible for subsidized NEMT and who utilized this service, rural trips tended to be longer and, therefore, higher in cost. Over 50% of trips were made for dialysis highlighting the need to address prevention and, potentially, health service improvements for rural dialysis patients.

Non-Emergency Medical Transportation Needs of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Rural-Urban Comparison in Delaware, USA

PubMed Central

Smith, Matthew Lee; Prohaska, Thomas R.; MacLeod, Kara E.; Ory, Marcia G.; Eisenstein, Amy R.; Ragland, David R.; Irmiter, Cheryl; Towne, Samuel D.; Satariano, William A.

2017-01-01

Background: Older adults in rural areas have unique transportation barriers to accessing medical care, which include a lack of mass transit options and considerable distances to health-related services. This study contrasts non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) service utilization patterns and associated costs for Medicaid middle-aged and older adults in rural versus urban areas. Methods: Data were analyzed from 39,194 NEMT users of LogistiCare-brokered services in Delaware residing in rural (68.3%) and urban (30.9%) areas. Multivariable logistic analyses compared trip characteristics by rurality designation. Results: Rural (37.2%) and urban (41.2%) participants used services more frequently for dialysis than for any other medical concern. Older age and personal accompaniment were more common and wheel chair use was less common for rural trips. The mean cost per trip was greater for rural users (difference of $2910 per trip), which was attributed to the greater distance per trip in rural areas. Conclusions: Among a sample who were eligible for subsidized NEMT and who utilized this service, rural trips tended to be longer and, therefore, higher in cost. Over 50% of trips were made for dialysis highlighting the need to address prevention and, potentially, health service improvements for rural dialysis patients. PMID:28208610

Spatial interaction models from Irish commuting data: variations in trip length by occupation and gender

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Kelly, Morton E.; Niedzielski, Michael A.; Gleeson, Justin

2012-10-01

Core and peripheral contrasts in journey-to-work trip length can be interpreted as imputing the relative value of origin and destination accessibility (yielding theoretical proxies for rent and wages). Because the main variables are shown to be critically dependent on spatial structure, they may be interpreted as showing the shadow prices due to comparative location. There is also a unifying connection between these results and the existing literature on many dimensions: rent gradients, accessibility, and emissivity. In an empirical example, the advantages of a panoramic view of national commuting statistics are shown, using an Irish data set. Variations in the rates of participation in trip making by location, occupation, and gender are examined. Places that emit more trips than would be expected from their relative location are identified. Further, examining ways in which such emissivity is sensitive to a change in trip length highlights the regions where trips could possibly be adjusted to produce a shorter average trip length or which might be especially sensitive to reduction in employment. A careful reinterpretation of one of the key outputs from a calibrated spatial interaction model is shown to be consistent with the declining rent gradient expected from Alonso's theory of land use.

Career-focused field trips as experienced by at-risk rural students: A case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutson, Tommye L.

A lack of recent research focused on field trips as pedagogy in K-12 settings established the foundation for this work. The research design followed multiple-case case study model. The participants were four male students from a small rural high school in central Texas. Each participant, previously labeled as academically "at-risk", had identified an inability to describe connections between academic science content as presented in their common classes and future jobs, vocational training, and/or careers requiring higher education. Because the participants had no directed field excursions addressing this desirable knowledge and/or skill, a career-focused field trip was designed to address the self-identified deficit reported by the participants. The specific research questions were: (1) How does the ability to describe connections between academic science content (biology, chemistry, and physics) and future careers change as rural students experience a purposeful excursion to a post-secondary facility providing vocational training? (2) When do the connection(s) between content and future careers become evident to students? (3) What effects or impact do newly discovered connections have on rural students' aspirations with regard to future career or higher education options? Data were gathered using existing school records, an initial survey, one-to-one interviews conducted before and after the field trip, focus groups conducted before and after the field trip, and observations during the field trip. Data analysis revealed that all participants were able to describe various connections between academic content and careers after the field trip, as well as identify a specific incident that initially established those connections. In addition, all of the participants reported discovering options for careers during the field trip not previously realized or considered. Each participant indicated that they found field trips to be effective. As a result of their singular experience, they collectively voiced a belief that career-focused field trips should be included in all required science classes starting in late middle school and continuing through at least the 10th grade.

Effectiveness of the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program for increasing adolescent motivation for change.

PubMed

Becan, Jennifer E; Knight, Danica K; Crawley, Rachel D; Joe, George W; Flynn, Patrick M

2015-03-01

Success in substance abuse treatment is improved by problem recognition, desire to seek help, and readiness to engage in treatment, all of which are important aspects of motivation. Interventions that facilitate these at treatment induction for adolescents are especially needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of TRIP (Treatment Readiness and Induction Program) in promoting treatment motivation. Data represent 519 adolescents from 6 residential programs who completed assessments at treatment intake (time 1) and 35 days after admission (time 2). The design consisted of a comparison sample (n=281) that had enrolled in treatment prior to implementation of TRIP (standard operating practice) and a sample of clients that had entered treatment after TRIP began and received standard operating practice enhanced by TRIP (n=238). Repeated measures ANCOVAs were conducted using each time 2 motivation scale as a dependent measure. Motivation scales were conceptualized as representing sequential stages of change. LISREL was used to test a structural model involving TRIP participation, gender, drug use severity, juvenile justice involvement, age, race-ethnicity, prior treatment, and urgency as predictors of the stages of treatment motivation. Compared to standard practice, adolescents receiving TRIP demonstrated greater gains in problem recognition, even after controlling for the other variables in the model. The model fit was adequate, with TRIP directly affecting problem recognition and indirectly affecting later stages of change (desire for help and treatment readiness). Future studies should examine which specific components of TRIP affect change in motivation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploring the use of Virtual Field Trips with elementary school teachers: A collaborative action research approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, Jeffrey Lance

This research examines how elementary school teachers, when supported, use Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) to address the curricula in meaningful ways. I conducted a qualitative study with six teachers, in a collaborative action research context over a six month period. The teachers, five males and one female, all taught either grade five or six and utilized Virtual Field Trips within a variety of curricula areas including science, social studies, music and language arts. In addition, the thesis examines resulting integration of technology into the regular classroom program as a product of the utilization of Virtual Field Trips. The process of collaborative action research was applied as a means of personal and professional growth both for the participants and the researcher/facilitator. By the end of the research study, all participants had learned to integrate Virtual Field Trips into their classroom program, albeit with different levels of success and in different curricula areas. The development of attitudes, skills and knowledge for students and teachers alike was fostered through the participation in Virtual Field Trips. A common concern regarding the utilization of Virtual Field Trips was the time spent locating an appropriate site that met curricula expectations. Participation in the collaborative action research process allowed each teacher to grow professionally, personally and socially. Each participant strongly encouraged the utilization of a long term project with a common area of exploration as a means for positive professional development. Implications and recommendations for future research on the utilization of Virtual Field Trips, as well as the viability of collaborative action research to facilitate teacher development are presented.

A Systematic Review of Economic Analysis of Surgical Mission Trips Using the World Health Organization Criteria.

PubMed

Nolte, Michael T; Maroukis, Brianna L; Chung, Kevin C; Mahmoudi, Elham

2016-08-01

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed tools to standardize economic evaluations of global health interventions, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of surgical mission trips and their economic values. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the current literature on surgical volunteering trips to measure their adherence to WHO CHOosing Interventions that are cost-effective (WHO-CHOICE). We hypothesized that the majority of studies use some type of cost-effectiveness analysis that do not adhere to these standards. A systematic review of Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion criteria set a priori. Of the 908 publications screened, 72 were selected for full text review; 17 met inclusion criteria. Only 17 out of 72 studies reported some type of economic analysis. We categorized the studies into service, educational, and combination (service and educational) surgical trips. Although seven of the service studies calculated the cost per disability-adjusted life year averted, the results were not based on WHO-CHOICE standards to facilitate comparisons among alternative options. Furthermore, none of the three educational trips calculated the value of the education provided, but only published cost estimates of the resources used during the trip. Although a few studies performed some type of economic analysis, owing to their non-adherence to WHO-CHOICE standards, the results were not comparable to other studies. International surgical trips are expensive. To improve the efficacy and optimal use of limited resources, studies on surgical trips should follow the guidelines set by the WHO-CHOICE.

'Sea legs': sharpened Romberg test after three days on a live-aboard dive boat.

PubMed

Gibbs, Clinton R; Commons, Katherine H; Brown, Lawrence H; Blake, Denise F

2010-12-01

The sharpened Romberg test (SRT) is commonly used by diving and hyperbaric physicians as an indicator of neurological decompression illness (DCI). People who spend a prolonged time on a boat at sea experience impairment in their balance on returning to shore, a condition known as mal de debarquement ('sea legs'). This conditioning of the vestibular system to the rocking motion of a boat at sea may impact on the utility of the SRT in assessing a diver with potential DCI after a live-aboard dive trip. To assess the impact 'sea legs' has on the SRT after three days on a live-aboard dive trip. Thirty-nine staff and passengers of a three-day, live-aboard dive trip performed a SRT before and after their journey, with assessment of potential variables, including middle ear barotrauma, alcohol consumption, sea-sickness and occult DCI. There was no statistically significant impact on SRT performance, with 100% completion pre-trip and 35 out of 36 divers (97.2%) post-trip. There were trends towards more attempts being required and time needed for successful SRT post-trip, but these were not statistically significant. There was a small, but noteworthy incidence of middle-ear barotrauma, with seven people affected pre-trip, and 13 post-trip. There was a higher incidence in student divers. Middle-ear barotrauma did not appear to have a direct impact on SRT performance. There was no significant impact on SRT performance resulting from 'sea legs' after three days at sea. Recreational divers, especially dive students, have a substantial incidence of mild middle ear barotrauma.

Incorporating "Virtual" and "Real World" Field Trips into Introductory Geography Modules

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friess, Daniel A.; Oliver, Grahame J. H.; Quak, Michelle S. Y.; Lau, Annie Y. A.

2016-01-01

The "field trip" is a key pedagogical tool within geographical education to encourage deep learning, though they are increasingly difficult to implement due to reduced budgets, safety concerns and increasing class sizes. We incorporated three field-learning activities into a large introductory module. A traditional staff-led trip was the…

Forests and Flowers. A Spring Activity Packet for Third Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on plants and…

Ecology of an Estuary: Chesapeake Bay. A Guide for Middle School Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleming, Cris; Swarth, Christopher

This environmental education teaching guide for middle school teachers features information on the National Estuarine Reserve System in Maryland. Pre-trip field activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities are discussed, and a list of useful resources and organizations is provided. Reproducible handouts are included throughout the…

The Case of the Field Trip Disaster

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Loucrecia; Redcross, Joseph

2005-01-01

For decades, the instructional field trip has been viewed as a strategy to enhance students' learning experiences. Yet what happens when an award-winning teacher is accused of choking a student while on a field trip? Tempers flare among community members, parents contact the police, and the principal is assigned the daunting task of investigating…

Signs of Fall. A Fall Activity Packet for Pre-School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

8th Grade Canadian Trip.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jelinek, Gilbert; Schoenike, Paul

Ideas are offered for helping eighth-grade students incorporate an at-home field trip to Canada into a social studies unit. The teachers who developed the unit state that students can complete the 21-day imaginary trip in five hours of classroom time when appropriate materials are available and the classroom environment is conducive to working on…

Nature's Hitchhikers. A Fall Activity Packet for Second Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

49 CFR 37.189 - Service requirement for OTRB demand-responsive systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... business of transporting people, whose operations affect commerce, and that provide demand-responsive OTRB... all passengers to reserve space on the bus three months before the trip date. This requirement applies... request for space on the trip and an accessible OTRB 48 hours before the trip date, the operator could...

49 CFR 37.189 - Service requirement for OTRB demand-responsive systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... business of transporting people, whose operations affect commerce, and that provide demand-responsive OTRB... all passengers to reserve space on the bus three months before the trip date. This requirement applies... request for space on the trip and an accessible OTRB 48 hours before the trip date, the operator could...

49 CFR 37.189 - Service requirement for OTRB demand-responsive systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... business of transporting people, whose operations affect commerce, and that provide demand-responsive OTRB... all passengers to reserve space on the bus three months before the trip date. This requirement applies... request for space on the trip and an accessible OTRB 48 hours before the trip date, the operator could...

49 CFR 37.189 - Service requirement for OTRB demand-responsive systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... business of transporting people, whose operations affect commerce, and that provide demand-responsive OTRB... all passengers to reserve space on the bus three months before the trip date. This requirement applies... request for space on the trip and an accessible OTRB 48 hours before the trip date, the operator could...

Collecting Planarians: A Good Choice for a Field Trip.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cha, Heeyoung

2001-01-01

Describes a field trip to collect planarians as successful in generating interest in the sciences. This activity is suitable for all grade levels as a field trip or biology lab. Planarians can be easily collected from streams across the United States. Once in the classroom, planaria are easily fed and cared for. (SAH)

Energy Around Us. A Fall Activity Packet for Fourth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on energy uses, energy…

Pedagogical Souvenirs: An Art Educator's Reflections on Field Trips as Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kushins, Jodi

2015-01-01

This essay explores the nature and importance of field trips as sites for artistic development, intellectual fulfillment, and pedagogical inspiration. The author weaves personal reflections from a professional field trip and experience teaching art education online with creative and pedagogical references to make a case for experiential learning…

Open the Door, Let's Explore More! Field Trips of Discovery for Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redleaf, Rhoda

Designed as a resource for teachers and parents, this guide contains activities to help children in primary grades learn from walks and field trips. Chapter 1, "Experience and Learning," discusses general information about how young children learn and the contribution of field trips to children's perception, language, memory, and logical…

Student Self-Reported Learning Outcomes of Field Trips: The Pedagogical Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alon, Nirit Lavie; Tal, Tali

2015-01-01

In this study, we used the classification and regression trees (CART) method to draw relationships between student self-reported learning outcomes in 26 field trips to natural environments and various characteristics of the field trip that include variables associated with preparation and pedagogy. We wished to examine the extent to which the…

Michigan Natural History. A Spring Activity Packet for Fourth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the natural history of…

Reading the Rocks. A Fall Activity Packet for Fifth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on various geological…

Thinking outside the Classroom: Integrating Field Trips into a First-Year Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forest, Kaya; Rayne, Sierra

2009-01-01

Studies on student learning during primary- and secondary-school course-related field trip activities have shown lasting cognitive and socio-cultural effects. However, fewer studies have investigated the potential benefits of incorporating field trip activities into post-secondary education. The curriculum in a first-year university chemistry…

Spring Birds. A Spring Activity Packet for First Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

Mechanisms Influencing Student Understanding on an Outdoor Guided Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caskey, Nourah Al-Rashid

2009-01-01

Field trips are a basic and important, yet often overlooked part of the student experience. They provide the opportunity to integrate real world knowledge with classroom learning and student previous personal experiences. Outdoor guided field trips leave students with an increased understanding, awareness and interest and in science. However, the…

50 CFR 622.495 - Commercial trip limit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands § 622.495 Commercial trip limit. Commercial trip limits... board with a valid commercial fishing license issued by Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. If no...

Animal Homes and Habitats. A Fall Activity Packet for Third Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on animal populations and…

Managing Health and Safety on International School Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter-Jones, John; Hunter-Jones, Philippa

2007-01-01

Organizing international school trips can be a demanding experience because of the age of the participants, the unfamiliar surroundings and the excitement associated with the foreign trip. As many organizers are full-time teachers, without a background in the travel sector, the pressures can be even greater. The need to anticipate potential risks…

Dynamic ride-sharing: Theory and practice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, R.W.; Qureshi, A.

1997-08-01

Dynamic Ride-sharing (DR) is envisioned as an automated process by which individuals find ride-matches on a trip by trip basis. This paper examines the DR concept on both a theoretical basis and on the basis of actual implementation in Los Angeles. Specifically, the paper investigates the likelihood that the user of a DR system would be successful in finding a ride-match. In a theoretical sense, this paper shows that dynamic ride-sharing is a viable concept. For a congested freeway corridor, the number of trips generated per unit time and space should be sufficient to yield a reasonably large population ofmore » potential ride-matches for a DR system. Unfortunately, as demonstrated in the experiment, theory and practice are not the same. Even when individuals share common trip patterns, consummating a ride-match is no easy task for logistical reasons. At best, one might expect a one in five change of someone offering a ride when trip patterns are similar. This probability would decline for casual trips, and when contacting individuals who have not expressed a prior willingness to carpool.« less

Modeling of plug-in electric vehicle travel patterns and charging load based on trip chain generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Dai; Gao, Junyu; Li, Pan; Wang, Bin; Zhang, Cong; Saxena, Samveg

2017-08-01

Modeling PEV travel and charging behavior is the key to estimate the charging demand and further explore the potential of providing grid services. This paper presents a stochastic simulation methodology to generate itineraries and charging load profiles for a population of PEVs based on real-world vehicle driving data. In order to describe the sequence of daily travel activities, we use the trip chain model which contains the detailed information of each trip, namely start time, end time, trip distance, start location and end location. A trip chain generation method is developed based on the Naive Bayes model to generate a large number of trips which are temporally and spatially coupled. We apply the proposed methodology to investigate the multi-location charging loads in three different scenarios. Simulation results show that home charging can meet the energy demand of the majority of PEVs in an average condition. In addition, we calculate the lower bound of charging load peak on the premise of lowest charging cost. The results are instructive for the design and construction of charging facilities to avoid excessive infrastructure.

TRIP13 is a protein-remodeling AAA+ ATPase that catalyzes MAD2 conformation switching

DOE PAGES

Ye, Qiaozhen; Rosenberg, Scott C.; Moeller, Arne; ...

2015-04-28

The AAA+ family ATPase TRIP13 is a key regulator of meiotic recombination and the spindle assembly checkpoint, acting on signaling proteins of the conserved HORMA domain family. Here we present the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans TRIP13 ortholog PCH-2, revealing a new family of AAA+ ATPase protein remodelers. PCH-2 possesses a substrate-recognition domain related to those of the protein remodelers NSF and p97, while its overall hexameric architecture and likely structural mechanism bear close similarities to the bacterial protein unfoldase ClpX. We find that TRIP13, aided by the adapter protein p31(comet), converts the HORMA-family spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 from amore » signaling-active ‘closed’ conformer to an inactive ‘open’ conformer. We propose that TRIP13 and p31(comet) collaborate to inactivate the spindle assembly checkpoint through MAD2 conformational conversion and disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes. A parallel HORMA protein disassembly activity likely underlies TRIP13's critical regulatory functions in meiotic chromosome structure and recombination.« less

Mysterious Roving Rocks of Racetrack Playa

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

This group photo of the LPSA interns and trip leaders was taken at Tea Kettle Junction in Death Valley, Calif. (Standing on left side, left to right): Kristopher Schwebler, Valerie Fox, Emily Kopp, Kyle Yawn, Dan Burger, Ian Schoch, Devon Miller; (left to right, sitting) Justin Wilde, Jessica Marbourg, Maggie McAdam (a trip leader), Leva McIntire, Ann Parsons (a trip leader), Mindy Krzykowski, Emma McKinney, Cynthia Cheung (LPSA principal investigator and a trip leader), George Fercana; (standing on right side): Kynan Rilee, Gregory Romine, Clint Naquin, Gunther Kletetschka (a trip leader), Andrew Ryan, and in the very back, Brian Jackson (a trip leader). Photo credit: NASA/GSFC/ Leva McIntire/LPSA intern To read a feature story on the Racetrack Playa go to: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/roving-rocks.html NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is home to the nation's largest organization of combined scientists, engineers and technologists that build spacecraft, instruments and new technology to study the Earth, the sun, our solar system, and the universe. Follow us on Twitter Join us on Facebook

Providing health services for children with special health care needs on out-of-state field trips.

PubMed

Erwin, Karen; Clark, Saudi; Mercer, Sharon Eli

2014-03-01

An increasing number of children attend school with special health care needs. Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires all school-sponsored activities to be easily accessible to all students. School-sponsored field trips enhance students' education, and students who require health services may not be excluded. For students with special health care needs, fully participating in the field trip experience presents unique challenges. These challenges are further complicated by out-of-state field trips due to variances in nurse practice acts, variances in delegation regulations, and most recently, state-by-state participation or nonparticipation in the Nurse Licensure Compact. Review of state laws, regulations, and nursing scope of practice for school health services is critical when planning and problem solving for students requiring health services on out-of-state field trips.

Planning a pharmacy-led medical mission trip, part 2: servant leadership and team dynamics.

PubMed

Brown, Dana A; Brown, Daniel L; Yocum, Christine K

2012-06-01

While pharmacy curricula can prepare students for the cognitive domains of pharmacy practice, mastery of the affective aspects can prove to be more challenging. At the Gregory School of Pharmacy, medical mission trips have been highly effective means of impacting student attitudes and beliefs. Specifically, these trips have led to transformational changes in student leadership capacity, turning an act of service into an act of influence. Additionally, building team unity is invaluable to the overall effectiveness of the trip. Pre-trip preparation for teams includes activities such as routine team meetings, team-building activities, and implementation of committees, as a means of promoting positive team dynamics. While in the field, team dynamics can be fostered through activities such as daily debriefing sessions, team disclosure times, and provision of medical services.

Trip-oriented travel time prediction (TOTTP) with historical vehicle trajectories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Li, Xiang; Claramunt, Christophe

2018-06-01

Accurate travel time prediction is undoubtedly of importance to both traffic managers and travelers. In highly-urbanized areas, trip-oriented travel time prediction (TOTTP) is valuable to travelers rather than traffic managers as the former usually expect to know the travel time of a trip which may cross over multiple road sections. There are two obstacles to the development of TOTTP, including traffic complexity and traffic data coverage.With large scale historical vehicle trajectory data and meteorology data, this research develops a BPNN-based approach through integrating multiple factors affecting trip travel time into a BPNN model to predict trip-oriented travel time for OD pairs in urban network. Results of experiments demonstrate that it helps discover the dominate trends of travel time changes daily and weekly, and the impact of weather conditions is non-trivial.

Advanced transportation concept for round-trip space travel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yen, Chen-Wan L.

1988-01-01

A departure from the conventional concept of round-trip space travel is introduced. It is shown that a substantial reduction in the initial load required of the Shuttle or other launch vehicle can be achieved by staging the ascent orbit and leaving fuel for the return trip at each stage of the orbit. Examples of round trips from a low-inclination LEO to a high-inclination LEO and from an LEO to a GEO are used to show the merits of the new concept. Potential problem areas and research needed for the development of an efficient space transportation network are discussed.

Analysis of potential diverted of passenger car to the new toll road (case study: Cileunyi - Sumedang, West Java)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prahara, Eduardi; Suangga, Made; Lutfi Ansori, Ahmad

2017-12-01

This study aims to determine of potential of passenger car divert from national road to on-construction Cisumdawu Toll Road. The study was conducted by traffic count survey and followed by a roadside interview survey. Stated Preference method was used in order to analyse trip forecasting value. Mode choice model of new trip mode plans (Cisumdawu Toll Road) and current intercity road for Cileunyi - Sumedang is (UJT -UJR ) = 0.1079-0.507726x 1-0.8953764x 2, while Sumedang - Cileunyi is (UJT -UJR ) = 0.0790-0.301341x 1-0.548446x 2. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to obtain the forecasting of private vehicle that diverts to the new toll road (Cisumdawu Toll Road). Trip characteristics such as trip origin and destination, types of trips, occupations, salary, and others become a motive for respondents to choose a new trip mode. Results of the new trip mode forecasting that prefer to divert to the toll road in terms of the value of cost and time for Cileunyi - Sumedang are 74.11% and 86.62% respectively, while for Sumedang - Cileunyi are 69.60% and 76.48% respectively. These results are relatively high compare to toll planning document. The impact of this results can be determined such as lower overall fuel consumption, lower pollution and more important is the maintenance cost of national road will be decrease.

Active transportation as a way to increase physical activity among children.

PubMed

Morency, C; Demers, M

2010-05-01

This study examines how active transportation could help increase the daily physical activity volume of school-aged children. Using data from the 2003 Origin-Destination Survey carried out among 5% of the 3.5 million residents of the Greater Montreal Area, we determined the proportion of short motorized trips made daily by children 5-14 years old (16 837 children sampled) and estimated the number of steps these trips would account for if they were travelled by foot, taking into account variables such as age, sex and height of children. Modal choice and trip purpose were also examined. In 2003, 31.2% of the daily trips made by children aged 5-14 years in the Greater Montreal Area were 1 km or less (0.6 mile). Of these, 33.0% were motorized trips. Overall, 13.1% of the children in the area had 'steps in reserve', an average of 2238 steps per child per day. If they were performed, these steps would account for 16.6% of the daily recommended volume of physical activity for children. Replacing short motorized trips with walking could increase the physical activity level of children and contribute to meet the recommended guidelines, as long as these walking trips add to their daily physical activity volume. It could also reduce their dependence towards adults for moving around.

Field guide to geologic excursions in southwestern Utah and adjacent areas of Arizona and Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lund, William R.; Lund, William R.

2002-01-01

This field guide contains road logs for field trips planned in conjunction with the 2002 Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the Geological Society of America held at Southern Utah University in Cedar City, Utah. There are a total of eight field trips, covering various locations and topics in southwestern Utah and adjacent areas of Arizona and Nevada. In addition, the field guide contains a road log for a set of Geological Engineering Field Camp Exercises run annually by the University of Missouri at Rolla in and around Cedar City. Two of the field trips address structural aspects of the geology in southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona; two trips deal with ground water in the region; and along with the Field Camp Exercises, one trip, to the Grand Staircase, is designed specifically for educators. The remaining trips examine the volcanology and mineral resources of a large area in and around the Tusher Mountains in Utah; marine and brackish water strata in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument; and the Pine Valley Mountains, which are cored by what may be the largest known laccolith in the world. The "Three Corners" area of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada is home to truly world-class geology, and I am confident that all of the 2002 Rocky Mountain Section meeting attendees will find a field trip suited to their interests.

Stability Analysis of Roughness Array Wake in a High-Speed Boundary Layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choudhari, Meelan; Li, Fei; Edwards, Jack

2009-01-01

Computations are performed to examine the effects of both an isolated and spanwise periodic array of trip elements on a high-speed laminar boundary layer, so as to identify the potential physical mechanisms underlying an earlier transition to turbulence as a result of the trip(s). In the context of a 0.333 scale model of the Hyper-X forebody configuration, the time accurate solution for an array of ramp shaped trips asymptotes to a stationary field at large times, indicating the likely absence of a strong absolute instability in the mildly separated flow due to the trips. A prominent feature of the wake flow behind the trip array corresponds to streamwise streaks that are further amplified in passing through the compression corner. Stability analysis of the streaks using a spatial, 2D eigenvalue approach reveals the potential for a strong convective instability that might explain the earlier onset of turbulence within the array wake. The dominant modes of streak instability are primarily sustained by the spanwise gradients associated with the streaks and lead to integrated logarithmic amplification factors (N factors) approaching 7 over the first ramp of the scaled Hyper-X forebody, and substantially higher over the second ramp. Additional computations are presented to shed further light on the effects of both trip geometry and the presence of a compression corner on the evolution of the streaks.

46 CFR 31.10-40 - Inspection during trial trip-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection during trial trip-T/ALL. 31.10-40 Section 31.10-40 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-40 Inspection during trial trip—T/ALL. On the trial trip of each new or converted tankship...

50 CFR 660.220 - Fixed gear fishery-crossover provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... to the trip limits for black rockfish off Washington (see § 660.230(d)). (1) Going from a more... limit for the entire period to which that trip limit applies, no matter where the fish are taken and... for the entire period to which that trip limit applies, no matter where the fish are taken and...

50 CFR 660.220 - Fixed gear fishery-crossover provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to the trip limits for black rockfish off Washington (see § 660.230(d)). (1) Going from a more... limit for the entire period to which that trip limit applies, no matter where the fish are taken and... for the entire period to which that trip limit applies, no matter where the fish are taken and...

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the current trip type is shallow-setting. (ii) Bigeye tuna captured by longline gear may be retained... NMFS, pursuant to § 665.23(a) of this title, that the current trip type is shallow-setting, may not be... NMFS, pursuant to § 665.23(a) of this title, that the current trip type is shallow-setting, is used to...

A Marxist Analysis of the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rikowski, Ruth

2006-01-01

This article examines the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). There are many WTO Agreements, but TRIPS is likely to have significant implications for areas such as information, education and libraries. The article provides an overview of TRIPS in general. Various intellectual…

50 CFR 635.24 - Commercial retention limits for sharks, swordfish, and BAYS tunas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Small Boat permit trip limit is set above zero. The current shark trip limit for HMS Commercial Caribbean Small Boat permit holders is set at zero. (5) A person who owns or operates a vessel that has been... released in the water in a manner that maximizes survival. (7) [Reserved] (8) Inseason trip limit...

Field Trip to the Moon. LRO/LCROSS Edition. Informal Educator's Guide. EG-2008-09-48-MSFC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2007

2007-01-01

Field Trip to the Moon uses an inquiry-based learning approach that fosters team building and introduces participants to careers in science and engineering. The program components include the Field Trip to the Moon DVD [not included here], Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)/Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Activities, and…

Field Trip to the Moon. Informal Educator's Guide. EG-2007-09-121-MSFC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2007

2007-01-01

The Field Trip to the Moon program uses an inquiry-based learning approach that fosters team building and introduces young people to careers in science and engineering. The program components include the Field Trip to the Moon show (either on DVD or presented in a planetarium dome) and workshop investigations. The compelling show provides…

The Beginner's Guide to Interactive Virtual Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zanetis, Jan

2010-01-01

For students, field trips can be the best of both worlds: a welcome and exciting break from day-to-day classroom activities and a memorable, real-world experience that will solidify the curriculum in their minds. Unfortunately, the most desirable trips--those to far-away, enticing destinations--have long been inaccessible to all but a select few,…

Evaluating Differences in Landscape Interpretation between Webcam and Field-Based Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolivras, Korine N.; Luebbering, Candice R.; Resler, Lynn M.

2012-01-01

Field trips have become less common due to issues including budget constraints and large class sizes. Research suggests that virtual field trips can substitute for field visits, but the role of webcams has not been evaluated. To investigate the potential for webcams to substitute for field trips, participants viewed urban and physical landscapes…

75 FR 28861 - Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (Fall Protection Systems)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

... workplaces walk or work on level surfaces, such as floors, where slips, trips, and falls are common..., and similar surfaces where slips, trips, or falls are likely to result in serious injury or death. The... receive a level of protection that is effective and necessary. OSHA believes many of these slips, trips...

Forest Field Trips among High School Science Teachers in the Southern Piedmont

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCabe, Shannon M.; Munsell, John F.; Seiler, John R.

2014-01-01

Students benefit in many ways by taking field trips to forests. Improved academic performance, increased participation in outdoor recreation, and a better grasp of natural resources management are some of the advantages. However, trips are not easy for teachers to organize and lead. Declining budgets, on-campus schedules, and standards of learning…

Experimental Evaluation of Field Trips on Instruction in Vocational Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCaslin, Norval L.

To determine the effect of field trips on student achievement in each of four subject matter areas in vocational agriculture, 12 schools offering approved programs were randomly selected and divided into a treatment group and a control group. Uniform teaching outlines and reference materials were provided to each group. While no field trips were…

14 CFR 380.13 - Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. 380.13 Section 380.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF... Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. The charter operator shall not accept any participant's...

14 CFR 380.13 - Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. 380.13 Section 380.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF... Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. The charter operator shall not accept any participant's...

14 CFR 380.13 - Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. 380.13 Section 380.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF... Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. The charter operator shall not accept any participant's...

14 CFR 380.13 - Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. 380.13 Section 380.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF... Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. The charter operator shall not accept any participant's...

14 CFR 380.13 - Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. 380.13 Section 380.13 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF... Prohibition on sale of round trips with open returns. The charter operator shall not accept any participant's...

Wolves Are Beautiful and Proud: Science Learning from a School Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glick, Marilyn Petty; Samarapungavan, Ala

2008-01-01

This research examines the impact of related classroom activities on fourth grade students' science learning from a school field trip. The current study draws upon research in psychology and education to create an intervention that is designed to enhance what students learn from school science field trips. The intervention comprises a set of…

Anything Can Happen out There: A Holistic Approach to Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plutino, Alessia

2016-01-01

This paper looks back at an academic-led language field trip project, now in its third year, involving ab-initio students of Italian at the University of Southampton. It considers the role of academic-led field trips in Modern Languages (ML) and it explores the underlying pedagogical approaches that were adopted to enhance students' engagement,…

A Review of Research on School Field Trips and Their Value in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behrendt, Marc; Franklin, Teresa

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of science field trips as educational tools to connect students to classroom concepts. Experiential learning at formal and informal field trip venues increases student interest, knowledge, and motivation. The teacher's role in preplanning, implementation, and reflection often dictates the…

A Day at the Museum: The Impact of Field Trips on Middle School Science Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitesell, Emilyn Ruble

2016-01-01

Field trips are an important feature of the United States' education system, although in the current context of high-stakes tests and school accountability, many schools are shifting resources away from enrichment. It is critical to understand how field trips and other informal learning experiences contribute to student test scores, but little…

76 FR 37061 - Lolo and Kootenai National Forests' Sanders County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

... business meetings. These meetings are open to the public. The committee will meet on June 18, 2011 in Thompson Falls, Montana for a field trip to project sites. This trip is open to the public. DATES: June 18...-3821. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The June 18, 2011 meeting will include a field trip to project sites...

Making and Taking Virtual Field Trips in Pre-K and the Primary Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirchen, Dennis J.

2011-01-01

A virtual field trip (VFT) is a technology-based experience that allows children to take an educational journey without leaving the classroom. These multimedia presentations bring the sights, sounds, and descriptions of distant places to learners. Virtual field trips vary in complexity. They can range from a single PowerPoint or video presentation…

Promoting Field Trip Confidence: Teachers Providing Insights for Pre-Service Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ateskan, Armagan; Lane, Jennie F.

2016-01-01

Pre-service teachers need experiences in practical matters as a part of field trip preparations programmes. For 14 years, a private, non-profit university in Turkey has involved pre-service teachers in field trip planning, implementation and evaluation. A programme assessment was conducted through a case study to examine the long-term effects of…

The "Science" Behind a Successful Field Trip to the Zoo

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Catherine Marie; Matthews, Catherine E.

2011-01-01

A field trip to the local zoo is often a staple in many elementary school curricula. Many zoos offer free entry to local teachers and their students. Teachers take students on field trips to enrich the curriculum, make connections to what students are learning in school, and provide students with meaningful learning experiences (Kisiel 2007).…

Study Abroad Field Trip Improves Test Performance through Engagement and New Social Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houser, Chris; Brannstrom, Christian; Quiring, Steven M.; Lemmons, Kelly K.

2011-01-01

Although study abroad trips provide an opportunity for affective and cognitive learning, it is largely assumed that they improve learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a study abroad field trip improved cognitive learning by comparing test performance between the study abroad participants (n = 20) and their peers who…

Design and Optimization of an Austenitic TRIP Steel for Blast and Fragment Protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feinberg, Zechariah Daniel

In light of the pervasive nature of terrorist attacks, there is a pressing need for the design and optimization of next generation materials for blast and fragment protection applications. Sadhukhan used computational tools and a systems-based approach to design TRIP-120---a fully austenitic transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. Current work more completely evaluates the mechanical properties of the prototype, optimizes the processing for high performance in tension and shear, and builds models for more predictive power of the mechanical behavior and austenite stability. Under quasi-static and dynamic tension and shear, the design exhibits high strength and high uniform ductility as a result of a strain hardening effect that arises with martensitic transformation. Significantly more martensitic transformation occurred under quasi-static loading conditions (69% in tension and 52% in shear) compared to dynamic loading conditions (13% tension and 5% in shear). Nonetheless, significant transformation occurs at high-strain rates which increases strain hardening, delays the onset of necking instability, and increases total energy absorption under adiabatic conditions. Although TRIP-120 effectively utilizes a TRIP effect to delay necking instability, a common trend of abrupt failure with limited fracture ductility was observed in tension and shear at all strain rates. Further characterization of the structure of TRIP-120 showed that an undesired grain boundary cellular reaction (η phase formation) consumed the fine dispersion of the metastable gamma' phase and limited the fracture ductility. A warm working procedure was added to the processing of TRIP-120 in order to eliminate the grain boundary cellular reaction from the structure. By eliminating η formation at the grain boundaries, warm-worked TRIP-120 exhibits a drastic improvement in the mechanical properties in tension and shear. In quasi-static tension, the optimized warm-worked TRIP-120 with an Mssigma( u.t.) of -13°C has a yield strength of 180 ksi (1241 MPa), uniform ductility of 0.303, and fracture ductility of 0.95, which corresponds to a 48% increase in yield strength, a 43% increase in uniform ductility, and a 254% increase in fracture ductility relative to the designed processing of TRIP-120. The highest performing condition of warm-worked TRIP-120 in quasi-static shear with an Mssigma( sh) of 58°C exhibits a shear yield strength of 95.1 ksi (656 MPa), shear fracture strain of 144%, and energy dissipation density of 1099 MJ/m3, which corresponds to a shear yield strength increase of 61%, a shear fracture strain increase of 55%, and an energy dissipation density increase of 76%. A wide range of austenite stabilities can be achieved by altering the heat treatment times and temperatures, which significantly alters the mechanical properties. Although performance cannot be optimized for tension and shear simultaneously, different heat treatments can be applied to warm-worked TRIP-120 to achieve high performance in tension or shear. Parametric models calibrated with three-dimensional atom probe data played a crucial role in guiding the predictive process optimization of TRIP-120. Such models have been built to provide the predictive capability of inputting warm working and aging conditions and outputting the resulting structure, austenite stability, and mechanical properties. The predictive power of computational models has helped identify processing conditions that have improved the performance of TRIP-120 in tension and shear and can be applied to future designs that optimize for adiabatic conditions.

Impact of layover length on sleep, subjective fatigue levels, and sustained attention of long-haul airline pilots.

PubMed

Roach, Gregory D; Petrilli, Renée M A; Dawson, Drew; Lamond, Nicole

2012-06-01

Long-haul airline pilots often experience elevated levels of fatigue due to extended work hours and circadian misalignment of sleep and wake periods. During long-haul trips, pilots are typically given 1-3 d off between flights (i.e., layover) to recover from, and prepare for, duty. Anecdotally, some pilots prefer long layovers because it maximizes the time available for recovery and preparation, but others prefer short layovers because it minimizes both the length of the trip, and the degree to which the body clock changes from "home time" to the layover time zone. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of layover length on the sleep, subjective fatigue levels, and capacity to sustain attention of long-haul pilots. Participants were 19 male pilots (10 Captains, 9 First Officers) working for an international airline. Data were collected during an 11- or 12-d international trip. The trips involved (i) 4 d at home prior to the trip; (ii) an eastward flight of 13.5 h across seven time zones; (iii) a layover of either 39 h (i.e., short, n = 9) or 62 h (i.e., long, n = 10); (iv) a return westward flight of 14.3 h across seven time zones; and (v) 4 d off at home after the trip. Sleep was recorded using a self-report sleep diary and wrist activity monitor; subjective fatigue level was measured using the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Checklist; and sustained attention was assessed using the psychomotor vigilance task for a personal digital assistant (PalmPVT). Mixed-model regression analyses were used to determine the effects of layover length (short, long) on the amount of sleep that pilots obtained during the trip, and on the pilots' subjective fatigue levels and capacity to sustain attention. There was no main effect of layover length on ground-based sleep or in-flight sleep, but pilots who had a short layover at the midpoint of their trip had higher subjective fatigue levels and poorer sustained attention than pilots who had a long layover. The results of this study indicate that a short layover during a long-haul trip does not substantially disrupt pilots' sleep, but it may result in elevated levels of fatigue during and after the trip. If short layovers are used, pilots should have a minimum of 4 d off to recover prior to their next long-haul trip.

Medical and pharmacy student concerns about participating on international service-learning trips.

PubMed

Chuang, Chih; Khatri, Siddique H; Gill, Manpal S; Trehan, Naveen; Masineni, Silpa; Chikkam, Vineela; Farah, Guillaume G; Khan, Amber; Levine, Diane L

2015-12-23

International Service Learning Trips (ISLT) provide health professional students the opportunity to provide healthcare, under the direction of trained faculty, to underserved populations in developing countries. Despite recent increases in international service learning trips, there is scant literature addressing concerns students have prior to attending such trips. This study focuses on identifying concerns before and after attending an ISLT and their impact on students. A survey comprised of closed and open-ended questions was developed to elucidate student concerns prior to attending an ISLT and experiences which might influence concerns. A five-point Likert-scale (extremely concerned = 1, minimally concerned = 5) was used to rate apprehension and satisfaction. Paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-trip concerns; Chi-Square test was used to compare groups. Thirty-five students (27 medical, 8 pharmacy) attended ISLTs in December 2013. All completed pre and post-trip surveys. Significant decreases were seen in concerns related to cultural barriers (4.14 vs 4.46, P = .047), disease/epidemics (3.34 vs 4.60, P < .001), natural disasters (3.94 vs 4.94, P < .001), terrorism (4.34 vs 4.94, P < .001), travel (3.86 vs 4.51, P < .001) monetary issues (3.80 vs 4.60, P < .001), hospitality (3.94 vs 4.74, P = .001) and food (3.83 vs 4.60, P < .001). Language and group dynamics remained concerns post-trip. On open-ended questions, students described benefits of attending an ISLT. Students had multiple concerns prior to attending an ISLT. Most decreased upon return. Addressing concerns has the potential to decrease student apprehension. The results of this study highlight the benefits of providing ISLTs and supporting development of a curriculum incorporating trip-related concerns.

They go straight home - don't they? Using global positioning systems to assess adolescent school-travel patterns.

PubMed

Voss, Christine; Winters, Meghan; Frazer, Amanda D; McKay, Heather A

2014-12-01

Active travel to school is a potential source of physical activity for adolescents, but its assessments often rely on assumptions around travel patterns. Global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometry provide an objective assessment of physical activity from school-travel and the context in which it occurs (where, when, how long). To describe school-travel patterns of adolescents and to compare estimates of physical activity during the hour before/after school - a commonly used proxy for school-travel time - with physical activity accrued during school trips identified through GPS ('GPS-trips'). Adolescents ( n =49, 13.3±0.7 years, 37% female) from Downtown Vancouver wore an accelerometer (GT3X+) and GPS (Qstarz) for 7 days (October 2012). Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the hour before/after school and during GPS-trips were calculated for the n =130 school-trips made by 43 students. We used multilevel linear regression to assess the association between MVPA during GPS-trips and MVPA during the hour/before school. Only 55% of school-trips were from/to home and within the hour before/after school ('normal'). Estimates of MVPA during the hour before/after school were higher than during GPS-trips (12.0 vs. 8.0 min). On average, MVPA during GPS-trips was linearly associated with MVPA during the hour before/after school, suggesting that physical activity levels during the hour before/after school are broadly reflective of physical activity from school-travel. GPS and accelerometry provide context-rich information relating to school-travel. The hour before/after school may - on average - provide a simple means to crudely estimate physical activity from school-travel when GPS are not available.

Trip-Induced Transition Measurements in a Hypersonic Boundary Layer Using Molecular Tagging Velocimetry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bathel, Brett F.; Danehy, Paul M.; Jones, Stephen B.; Johansen, Craig T.; Goyne, Christopher P.

2013-01-01

Measurements of mean streamwise velocity, fluctuating streamwise velocity, and instantaneous streamwise velocity profiles in a hypersonic boundary layer were obtained over a 10-degree half-angle wedge model. A laser-induced fluorescence-based molecular tagging velocimetry technique was used to make the measurements. The nominal edge Mach number was 4.2. Velocity profiles were measured both in an untripped boundary layer and in the wake of a 4-mm diameter cylindrical tripping element centered 75.4 mm downstream of the sharp leading edge. Three different trip heights were investigated: k = 0.53 mm, k = 1.0 mm and k = 2.0 mm. The laminar boundary layer thickness at the position of the measurements was approximately 1 mm, though the exact thickness was dependent on Reynolds number and wall temperature. All of the measurements were made starting from a streamwise location approximately 18 mm downstream of the tripping element. This measurement region continued approximately 30 mm in the streamwise direction. Additionally, measurements were made at several spanwise locations. An analysis of flow features show how the magnitude, spatial location, and spatial growth of streamwise velocity instabilities are affected by parameters such as the ratio of trip height to boundary layer thickness and roughness Reynolds number. The fluctuating component of streamwise velocity measured along the centerline of the model increased from approximately 75 m/s with no trip to +/-225 m/s with a 0.53-mm trip, and to +/-240 m/s with a 1-mm trip, while holding the freestream Reynolds number constant. These measurements were performed in the 31-inch Mach 10 Air Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center.

Using trip diaries to mitigate route risk and risky driving behavior among older drivers.

PubMed

Payyanadan, Rashmi P; Maus, Adam; Sanchez, Fabrizzio A; Lee, John D; Miossi, Lillian; Abera, Amsale; Melvin, Jacob; Wang, Xufan

2017-09-01

To reduce exposure to risky and challenging driving situations and prolong mobility and independence, older drivers self-regulate their driving behavior. But self-regulation can be challenging because it depends on drivers' ability to assess their limitations. Studies using self-reports, survey data, and hazard and risk perception tests have shown that driving behavior feedback can help older drivers assess their limitations and adjust their driving behavior. But only limited work has been conducted in developing feedback technology interventions tailored to meet the information needs of older drivers, and the impact these interventions have in helping older drivers self-monitor their driving behavior and risk outcomes. The vehicles of 33 drivers 65 years and older were instrumented with OBD2 devices. Older drivers were provided access to customized web-based Trip Diaries that delivered post-trip feedback of the routes driven, low-risk route alternatives, and frequency of their risky driving behaviors. Data were recorded over four months, with baseline driving behavior collected for one month. Generalized linear mixed effects regression models assessed the effects of post-trip feedback on the route risk and driving behaviors of older drivers. Results showed that post-trip feedback reduced the estimated route risk of older drivers by 2.9% per week, and reduced their speeding frequency on average by 0.9% per week. Overall, the Trip Diary feedback reduced the expected crash rate from 1 in 6172 trips to 1 in 7173 trips, and the expected speeding frequency from 46% to 39%. Thus providing older drivers with tailored feedback of their driving behavior and crash risk could help them appropriately self-regulate their driving behavior, and improve their crash risk outcomes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors affecting trip generation of motorcyclist for the purpose of non-mandatory activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anggraini, Renni; Sugiarto, Sugiarto; Pramanda, Heru

2017-11-01

The inadequate facilities and limited access to public transport reflect many people using private vehicles, in particular, motorcycle. The motorcycle is most widely used in Indonesia, recently, including Aceh Province. As a result, the number of motorcycle ownership is increasing significantly. The increasing number of motorcycles leads to complex traffic problems. Several factors tend to affect the trip generation of the motorcyclist, i.e., the social demographics of individuals and families, accessibility, etc. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of motorcyclists for non-mandatory activities, i.e. activities other than to work and school. It also aims to determine the dominant factors that affect their trips through trip generation models. The required data consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of a home interview survey that collects individual's daily trips. It is conducted by distributing the questionnaires to 400 families residing in Lhokseumawe City. Modeling the trip generation of the motorcyclist is done by multiple linear regression analysis. Parameters calibration uses OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results showed that the dominant variables that affect the trip generation of motorcyclist for non-mandatory activities are license ownership, housewife, school-age children, middle-income household, and lower education level. It can be concluded that some factors affecting trip generation to non-work activities were female motorcyclists from the middle-income household with lower education level. As their status is mostly as the housewife, escorting children to non-school activities seems to the mother's task, instead of the father. It is clear that, most female ride motorcycle for doing household tasks. However, it should be noted that the use of the motorcycle in long-term does not suit for sustainable transportation.

Short-term surgical mission to the Dominican Republic: a cost-benefit analysis.

PubMed

Egle, Jonathan P; McKendrick, Alasdair; Mittal, Vijay K; Sosa, Freddy

2014-10-01

This study determines the cost-effectiveness of a recurring short-term surgical mission trip to the Dominican Republic. The global burden of surgical disease is significant. Recent investigations have shown surgical treatment to be cost-effective at established hospitals within low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), drawing attention to surgical diseases world-wide. Another method of providing general surgical care in LMIC is short-term mission trips, but no studies have examined their cost-effectiveness. Consecutive week-long trips by the Midwest Medical Missions Michigan Chapter to the Dominican Republic were studied in 2010 and 2012. All costs were recorded, and operative logs were maintained. Costs of identical procedures carried out at the authors' host institution were estimated. Direct comparisons were made between the cost of surgeries performed in the USA and the estimated amount of money spent on the mission trips attributable to each procedure. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted were calculated for both trips. The cost for all cases in 2010 would have been $255,187 if performed at the United States hospital and $398,177 in 2012. The amount actually spent on the trips was $61,924 in 2010 and $82,368 in 2012 - a relative cost-reduction of 79%. 473 DALYs were averted. An average of 6.9 DALYs were averted per patient, and the cost per DALY averted was $304.88. The procedures on a surgical mission trip to the Dominican Republic were less expensive than similar care provided in the United States. The cost per DALY averted is low, demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of the trips. Copyright © 2014 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Field trips local and abroad: What every field trip leader needs to know about insurance coverage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jovanelly, T.

2016-12-01

Leading field trips locally or internationally is an essential part of being a geoscience educator. Being a field trip guide and coordinator often means that you will be responsible for minors (under the age of 21), transportation, and touring (e.g. hiking, exploring) in unique and sometimes rugged environments. Professors, and alike, at universities and colleges may not have adequate insurance covered should a student(s) render maladies, or worse death, under your advisement. This poster outlines questions that could be presented to your university or college's lawyer to ensure field trip guides are properly covered for liability in most situations. Additionally, it will provide explanation for common legal terms often used when explaining insurance coverage relating to university or college employment. Lastly, this poster will provide suggestions on how to pursue professional coverage polices that can protect you both in the field and in the classroom/laboratory.

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe.

PubMed

Giechaskiel, Barouch; Vlachos, Theodoros; Riccobono, Francesco; Forni, Fausto; Colombo, Rinaldo; Montigny, Francois; Le-Lijour, Philippe; Carriero, Massimo; Bonnel, Pierre; Weiss, Martin

2016-12-04

Vehicles are tested in controlled and relatively narrow laboratory conditions to determine their official emission values and reference fuel consumption. However, on the road, ambient and driving conditions can vary over a wide range, sometimes causing emissions to be higher than those measured in the laboratory. For this reason, the European Commission has developed a complementary Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure using the Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) to verify gaseous pollutant and particle number emissions during a wide range of normal operating conditions on the road. This paper presents the newly-adopted RDE test procedure, differentiating six steps: 1) vehicle selection, 2) vehicle preparation, 3) trip design, 4) trip execution, 5) trip verification, and 6) calculation of emissions. Of these steps, vehicle preparation and trip execution are described in greater detail. Examples of trip verification and the calculations of emissions are given.

Human round trip to Mars: Six months and radiation safe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazareth, O. W.; Schmidt, E.; Ludewig, H.; Powell, J. R.

We describe a different type of round trip to Mars, using a combination of spacecraft. Compared to typical proposals, this flight is relatively fast and relatively safe from biological radiation dosage. Our study is concerned with the trip from Earth orbit to Mars orbit. Four spacecraft are required for the round trip. The crew spends most of their time on board a comparatively large, well shielded spacecraft (LC) which is in free (non-powered) orbit about the sun. The crew travels from Earth orbit to the LC while on board a comparatively small, powered spacecraft (SC). At Mars, the procedure is reversed and the crew returns on a second LC. In addition, a cargo craft, with no crew, is sent to Mars prior to the crew leaving Earth orbit. The trip time is about six months and the radiation dose equivalent is within guidelines recommended by the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements.

Human round trip to Mars: Six months and radiation-safe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazareth, Otto W.; Schmidt, Eldon; Ludewig, Hans; Powell, James R.

1992-01-01

We describe a different type of round trip to Mars, using a combination of spacecraft. Compared to typical proposals, this flight is relatively fast and relatively safe from biological radiation dosage. Our study is concerned with the trip from Earth orbit to Mars orbit. Four spacecraft are required for the round trip. The crew spends most of their time on board a comparatively large, well shielded spacecraft (LC) which is in free (non-powered) orbit about the sun. The crew travels from Earth orbit to the LC while on board a comparatively small, powered spacecraft (SC). At Mars, the procedure is reversed and the crew returns on a second LC. In addition, a cargo craft, with no crew, is sent to Mars prior to the crew leaving Earth orbit. The trip time is about six months and the radiation dose equivalent is within guidelines recommended by the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements.

Discrete sonic jets used as boundary-layer trips at Mach numbers of 6 and 8.5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, D. R.; Cary, A. M., Jr.

1972-01-01

The effect of discrete three-dimensional sonic jets used to promote transition on a sharp-leading-edge flat plate at Mach numbers of 6 and 8.5 and unit Reynolds numbers as high as 2.5 x 100,000 per cm in the Langley 20-inch hypersonic tunnels is discussed. An examination of the downstream flow-field distortions associated with the discrete jets for the Mach 8.5 flow was also conducted. Jet trips are found to produce lengths of turbulent flow comparable to those obtained for spherical-roughness-element trips while significantly reducing the downstream flow distortions. A Reynolds number based upon secondary jet penetration into a supersonic main flow is used to correlate jet-trip effectiveness just as a Reynolds number based upon roughness height is used to correlate spherical-trip effectiveness. Measured heat-transfer data are in agreement with the predictions.

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

PubMed Central

Giechaskiel, Barouch; Vlachos, Theodoros; Riccobono, Francesco; Forni, Fausto; Colombo, Rinaldo; Montigny, Francois; Le-Lijour, Philippe; Carriero, Massimo; Bonnel, Pierre; Weiss, Martin

2016-01-01

Vehicles are tested in controlled and relatively narrow laboratory conditions to determine their official emission values and reference fuel consumption. However, on the road, ambient and driving conditions can vary over a wide range, sometimes causing emissions to be higher than those measured in the laboratory. For this reason, the European Commission has developed a complementary Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure using the Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) to verify gaseous pollutant and particle number emissions during a wide range of normal operating conditions on the road. This paper presents the newly-adopted RDE test procedure, differentiating six steps: 1) vehicle selection, 2) vehicle preparation, 3) trip design, 4) trip execution, 5) trip verification, and 6) calculation of emissions. Of these steps, vehicle preparation and trip execution are described in greater detail. Examples of trip verification and the calculations of emissions are given. PMID:28060306

A Guide to Field Trip Sites in Coastal North Carolina. Project CAPE Teaching Module SC3a.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, Walter B.; Carroll, Carolyn H.

This guide provides information on preparing students in grades 4-10 for field trips and describes possible field trip sites in the northeastern, mid-eastern, and southeastern regions of North Carolina. Selected sites in the northeastern region (from Roanoke Island to Ocracoke) include the Dare Coastline and Cape Hatteras National Seashore.…

The Effects of Primary Sources and Field Trip Experience on the Knowledge Retention of Multicultural Content

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, James; Knapp, Doug; Benton, Gregory M.

2007-01-01

Although small in scope, this study attempted to analyze the impacts of primary sources and field trip experiences on multicultural education through first-hand narrative interviews, one year after the experience. In particular, it assessed the recollections of students who participated in a one-half-day field trip to George Washington Carver…

TRIPPING CIRCUIT

DOEpatents

Lees, G.W.; McCormick, E.D.

1962-05-22

A tripping circuit employing a magnetic amplifier for tripping a reactor in response to power level, period, or instrument failure is described. A reference winding and signal winding are wound in opposite directions on the core. Current from an ion chamber passes through both windings. If the current increases at too fast a rate, a shunt circuit bypasses one or the windings and the amplifier output reverses polarity. (AEC)

Taking the Student to the World: Teaching Sensitive Issues Using Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Short, Fay; Lloyd, Tracey

2017-01-01

Field trips can provide an opportunity to take the student to the world, as an alternative to presenting the world to the student in the classroom. Such trips can create a forum for exploring controversial and distressing topics by exposing the students to first-hand experience, rather than second-hand accounts: witnessing the effects of blind…

What? A Field Trip on the Playground?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garbutt, Barb

1983-01-01

THE FOLLOWING IS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS DOCUMENT: In this day and age of budget problems, school districts are cutting back on many programs, one of which is field trips. Why worry? There must be dozens of trips that can be made on the playground of your school. Let's look into activities that can be accomplished there. SOIL STUDIES: Have you ever…

Animal Behaviour Fieldwork: Introducing Psychology Students to the Process of Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickins, Thomas E.; Donovan, Peter

2012-01-01

In this paper we discuss the development and running of a residential animal behaviour field trip. The trip has a number of elements that challenge and develop the students. First, this trip is open to students at levels two, three and M. This allows us to engineer a certain amount of peer assisted learning. Second, the students live together and…

Cultural Immersion Trip to Southeast Asia: A Study of Cross-Cultural Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rustambekov, Elzotbek; Mohan, Ramesh

2017-01-01

The primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate the execution of a successful short-term study trip to Southeast Asia and its influence on a student's cultural intelligence. This article discusses an academic component of an international study trip that was developed for sophomores at a private university in the New England region of the…

The Effect of Planetarium Trip on Pre-Service Science Teachers' Metaphorical Perceptions about Planetariums

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozdogan, Aykut Emre

2016-01-01

The study aimed at examining the effect of the planetarium trip on metaphors developed by the pre-service science teachers about the concept of planetarium. Within this context of the study, a trip was organized to Ondokuz Mayis University (OMU) Planetarium. Pretest-posttest control group design, one of the experimental designs, was used in the…

Soil compaction after yarding of small-diameter Douglas-fir with a small tractor in southwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Michael P. Amaranthus; David E. Steinfeld

1997-01-01

This study evaluated the effect on soil bulk density of yarding small-diameter Douglas-fir (Pseudosuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) with a small tractor. Levels of compaction were measured before yarding and after one trip, three trips, and six trips by the tractor. Bulk densities in the surface (10 cm) and...

50 CFR 660.332 - Open access daily trip limit (DTL) fishery for sablefish.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Open access daily trip limit (DTL) fishery... COAST STATES West Coast Groundfish-Open Access Fisheries § 660.332 Open access daily trip limit (DTL) fishery for sablefish. (a) Open access DTL fisheries both north and south of 36° N. lat. Open access...

Getting the engine started: motivations for participation in a university outdoor recreation program

Treesearch

Ryan L. Sharp; Craig A. Miller

2009-01-01

This study was conducted to identify the motivations of trip participants in the Georgia Outdoor Recreation Program at the University of Georgia during the fall semester of 2007, and to collect baseline data about their participation. Participants were asked to fill out a survey and return it to the trip leader at the conclusion of each trip. Participants'...

Development of Teacher Attitude Scale towards the Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tortop, Hasan Said

2012-01-01

A field trip is an excursion by group of students with teachers to a place away from classroom such as natural field, science center, and zoo. So, it is an important tool for renewable energy education. This study was carried out to develop a new scale for measuring teacher attitudes towards the field trip. Teacher attitude scale towards the field…

Teaching and Learning in the Tropics: An Epistemic Exploration of "the Field" in a Development Studies Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patel, Kamna

2015-01-01

Development studies employs theories, tools and methods often found in geography, including the international field trip to a "developing" country. In 2013 and 2014, I led a two-week trip to Ethiopia. To better comprehend the effects of "the field" on students' learning, I introduced an assessed reflexive field diary to…

Effective Use of Personal Assistants for Students with Disabilities: Lessons Learned from the 2014 Accessible Geoscience Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendricks, Julie E.; Atchison, Christopher L.; Feig, Anthony D.

2017-01-01

In 2014, the Geological Society of America sponsored an Accessible Field Trip, designed to demonstrate best practices in accommodating a wide variety of participants with disabilities during a field experience. During the trip, an aide was deployed to assist two student participants with sensory disabilities, one with low vision and the other with…

Short-term service trips and the interprofessional team: a perspective from Honduras.

PubMed

VanderWielen, Lynn M; Halder, Gabriela E; Enurah, Alexander S; Pearson, Catherine; Stevens, Michael P; Crossman, Steven H

2015-03-01

Short-term service trips from the USA annually spend over $250 million dollars to provide healthcare to individuals in developing nations. These trips often uniquely define goals as related to changes in the host population and overlook the valuable benefits potentially incurred by the trip volunteers. The Honduras Outreach Medical Brigada Relief Effort utilizes an interprofessional team approach to develop the dual goals of improving health and quality of life in host communities and improving interprofessional teamwork values and skills among participants. This article outlines details of this program, describes on-going evaluation work and discusses the interprofessional implications from this project.

FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS: Optical anisotropy induced in a round trip through single-mode optical waveguides and methods for suppression of this anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gelikonov, V. M.; Leonov, V. I.; Novikov, M. A.

1989-09-01

An analysis is made of the characteristics of the transformation of the polarization of light in the course of a round trip in a single-mode fiber waveguide. The Poincaré equivalence theorems are generalized for a round trip through such fibers. An investigation is reported of round-trip anisotropic properties which can be used to compensate for a regular and an irregular anisotropy of a fiber waveguide. A description is given of a compensation system containing a Faraday cell and an experimental check of the theoretical conclusions is reported.

Thinking of serving nursing abroad: how technology assists nurses on mission trips.

PubMed

Brown, Rachel M

2015-06-01

Advances in technology have assisted in the proliferation of short-term, faith-based international medical mission trips. Many of these mission trips include health care not only to local citizens but also building schools and churches and sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Included in this article are my own personal experiences in short-term, faith-based medical missions. A step-by-step guide is offered to help prepare inexperienced mission participants gain insight into short-term mission trips. Advanced planning, fundraising, collaboration, and being open to change are key elements to successful participation in these life-changing missions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Additive Benefits of Twice Forest Bathing Trips in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.

PubMed

Mao, Gen Xiang; Cao, Yong Bao; Yang, Yan; Chen, Zhuo Mei; Dong, Jian Hua; Chen, Sha Sha; Wu, Qing; Lyu, Xiao Ling; Jia, Bing Bing; Yan, Jing; Wang, Guo Fu

2018-02-01

Chronic heart failure (CHF), a clinical syndrome resulting from the consequences of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is increasingly becoming a global cause of morbidity and mortality. We had earlier demonstrated that a 4-day forest bathing trip can provide an adjunctive therapeutic influence on patients with CHF. To further investigate the duration of the impact and the optimal frequency of forest bathing trips in patients with CHF, we recruited those subjects who had experienced the first forest bathing trip again after 4 weeks and randomly categorized them into two groups, namely, the urban control group (city) and the forest bathing group (forest). After a second 4-day forest bathing trip, we observed a steady decline in the brain natriuretic peptide levels, a biomarker of heart failure, and an attenuated inflammatory response as well as oxidative stress. Thus, this exploratory study demonstrated the additive benefits of twice forest bathing trips in elderly patients with CHF, which could further pave the way for analyzing the effects of such interventions in CVDs. Copyright © 2018 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.

Transition Experiments on Blunt Bodies with Isolated Roughness Elements in Hypersonic Free Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reda, Daniel C.; Wilder, Michael C.; Prabhu, Dinesh K.

2010-01-01

Smooth titanium hemispheres with isolated three-dimensional (3D) surface roughness elements were flown in the NASA Ames hypersonic ballistic range through quiescent CO2 and air environments. Global surface intensity (temperature) distributions were optically measured and thermal wakes behind individual roughness elements were analyzed to define tripping effectiveness. Real-gas Navier-Stokes calculations of model flowfields, including laminar boundary layer development in these flowfields, were conducted predict key dimensionless parameters used to correlate transition on blunt bodies in hypersonic flow. For isolated roughness elements totally immersed within the laminar boundary layer, critical roughness Reynolds numbers for flights in air were found to be higher than those measured for flights in CO2, i.e., it was easier to trip the CO2 boundary layer to turbulence. Tripping effectiveness was found to be dependent on trip location within the subsonic region of the blunt body flowfield, with effective tripping being most difficult to achieve for elements positioned closest to the stagnation point. Direct comparisons of critical roughness Reynolds numbers for 3D isolated versus 3D distributed roughness elements for flights in air showed that distributed roughness patterns were significantly more effective at tripping the blunt body laminar boundary layer to turbulence.

Limits of Predictability in Commuting Flows in the Absence of Data for Calibration

PubMed Central

Yang, Yingxiang; Herrera, Carlos; Eagle, Nathan; González, Marta C.

2014-01-01

The estimation of commuting flows at different spatial scales is a fundamental problem for different areas of study. Many current methods rely on parameters requiring calibration from empirical trip volumes. Their values are often not generalizable to cases without calibration data. To solve this problem we develop a statistical expression to calculate commuting trips with a quantitative functional form to estimate the model parameter when empirical trip data is not available. We calculate commuting trip volumes at scales from within a city to an entire country, introducing a scaling parameter α to the recently proposed parameter free radiation model. The model requires only widely available population and facility density distributions. The parameter can be interpreted as the influence of the region scale and the degree of heterogeneity in the facility distribution. We explore in detail the scaling limitations of this problem, namely under which conditions the proposed model can be applied without trip data for calibration. On the other hand, when empirical trip data is available, we show that the proposed model's estimation accuracy is as good as other existing models. We validated the model in different regions in the U.S., then successfully applied it in three different countries. PMID:25012599

Mass Wasting Following the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire near Durango, Colorado, a Field Trip Guidebook

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bigio, Erica R.; Blair, Robert W.; Burke, Michael; Cannon, Susan H.; deWolfe, Victor G.; Ey, John; Gartner, Joseph E.; Gillam, Mary L.; Knowlton, N.D.; Santi, Paul M.; Schulz, William H.; Coe, Jeffrey A.

2007-01-01

This field trip guide focuses on mass wasting following the 2002 Missionary Ridge fire near Durango, Colorado. We prepared this guide to accompany a May 4, 2006, field trip during the second Roy J. Shlemon Specialty Conference, which was held in Durango, Colorado, May 3-5. The conference, entitled Mass Wasting in Disturbed Watersheds, was sponsored by the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists (AEG) and the AEG Foundation. The objective of this Shlemon Conference was to bring together practitioners and researchers to define the current state of practice and identify unresolved problems with regard to the prediction and mitigation of mass wasting in disturbed watersheds. The one-day field trip begins and ends in Durango. Many of the field trip stops are at debris-flow fans around the periphery of the burn area, but one stop examines landslide activity in the burn area that initiated during spring 2005 snowmelt within a dormant, deep-seated landslide, as well as an erosion/debris-flow mitigation effort in a drainage basin above Lemon Reservoir. Also provided are descriptions of the Missionary Ridge fire, the geologic and climatic setting of the field-trip area, and the general effects of wildfire on watersheds.

Measuring the relationship between sportfishing trip expenditures and anglers’ species preferences

USGS Publications Warehouse

Long, James M.; Melstrom, Richard T.

2016-01-01

We examined the relationship between fishing trip expenditures and anglers’ species preferences from a survey of Oklahoma resident anglers conducted in 2014. Understanding patterns in fishing trip expenditures is important because a significant share of state wildlife agency revenue comes from taxes on purchases of fishing equipment. Presently, there is little research that addresses the question of how spending levels vary within groups of sportspersons, including anglers. We used regression analysis to identify a relationship between trip spending and several preference variables, and included controls for other characteristics of fishing trips, such as location, party size, and duration. We received 780 surveys for a response rate of 26%, but only 506 were useable due to missing data or nonfishing responses. Average trip expenditures were approximately US$140, regardless of species preferences, but anglers who preferred to fish for trout and black bass tended to spend more than those who preferred to fish for catfish and panfish. These results were even more pronounced when location was considered, those who last fished at lakes spending more than those who fished at rivers or ponds. The results underscore the differences in spending among anglers with different preferred species and fishing locations.

Measuring the transportation needs of people with developmental disabilities: A means to social inclusion.

PubMed

Wasfi, Rania; Steinmetz-Wood, Madeleine; Levinson, David

2017-04-01

One of the major causes of social exclusion for people with developmental disability (PDD) is the inability to access different activities due to inadequate transportation services. This research paper identifies transportation needs, and reasons for unmet, but desired untaken trips of adults with developmental disabilities in Hennepin County, Minnesota. We hypothesize that PDD cannot make trips they want to make due to personal and neighborhood characteristics. A survey measuring existing travel behavior and unmet transportation needs of PDD (N = 114) was conducted. The survey included both demographic and attitudinal questions as well as a travel diary to record both actual and desired but untaken trips. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine reasons associated with their inability to make desired, but untaken trips. Most respondents did not live independently. More than half of the surveyed population worked every day and recreation trips occurred at least once a week for about two-thirds of the population. About 46% were unable to make trips they needed to make. Public transit posed physical and intellectual difficulties, however the presence of public transit in neighborhoods decreased odds of not making trips. Concerns about Paratransit services were also reported. Findings from this study can be of value to transportation engineers and planners interested in shedding light on the needs of a marginalized group that is rarely studied and have special transport needs that should be met to ensure their social inclusion in society. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ADAPTATION AND GENERALIZATION TO OPPOSING PERTURBATIONS IN WALKING

PubMed Central

Bhatt, T.; Wang, T.-Y.; Yang, F.; Pai, Y.-C.

2013-01-01

Little is known on how the CNS would select its movement options when a person faces a novel or recurring perturbation of two opposing types (slip or trip) while walking. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether young adults’ adaptation to repeated slips would interfere with their recovery from a novel trip, and (2) to investigate the generalized strategies after they were exposed to a mixed training with both types of perturbation. Thirty-two young adults were assigned to either the training group, which first underwent repeated-slip training before encountering a novel, unannounced trip while walking, or to the control group, which only experienced the same novel, unannounced trip. The former group would then experience a mix of repeated trips and slips. The results indicated that prior adaptation to slips had only limited interference during the initial phase of trip recovery. In fact, the prior repeated-slip exposure had primed their reaction, which mitigated any error resulting from early interference. As a result, they did not have to take a longer compensatory step for trip recovery than did the controls. After the mixed training, subjects were able to converge effectively the motion state of their center of mass (in its position and velocity space) to a stable and generalized “middle ground” steady-state. Such movement strategies not only further strengthened their robust reactive control of stability, but also reduced the CNS’ overall reliance on accurate context prediction and on feedback correction of perturbation-induced movement error. PMID:23603517

Personal exposure to Black Carbon in transport microenvironments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dons, Evi; Int Panis, Luc; Van Poppel, Martine; Theunis, Jan; Wets, Geert

2012-08-01

We evaluated personal exposure of 62 individuals to the air pollutant Black Carbon, using 13 portable aethalometers while keeping detailed records of their time-activity pattern and whereabouts. Concentrations encountered in transport are studied in depth and related to trip motives. The evaluation comprises more than 1500 trips with different transport modes. Measurements were spread over two seasons. Results show that 6% of the time is spent in transport, but it accounts for 21% of personal exposure to Black Carbon and approximately 30% of inhaled dose. Concentrations in transport were 2-5 times higher compared to concentrations encountered at home. Exposure was highest for car drivers, and car and bus passengers. Concentrations of Black Carbon were only half as much when traveling by bike or on foot; when incorporating breathing rates, dose was found to be twice as high for active modes. Lowest 'in transport' concentrations were measured in trains, but nevertheless these concentrations are double the concentrations measured at home. Two thirds of the trips are car trips, and those trips showed a large spread in concentrations. In-car concentrations are higher during peak hours compared to off-peak, and are elevated on weekdays compared to Saturdays and even more so on Sundays. These findings result in significantly higher exposure during car commute trips (motive 'Work'), and lower concentrations for trips with motive 'Social and leisure'. Because of the many factors influencing exposure in transport, travel time is not a good predictor of integrated personal exposure or inhaled dose.

An Analysis of the Max-Min Texture Measure.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

PANC 33 D2 Confusion Matrices for Scene A, IR 34 D3 Confusion Matrices for Scene B, PANC 35 D4 Confusion Matrices for Scene B, IR 36 D5 Confusion...Matrices for Scene C, PANC 37 D6 Confusion Matrices for Scene C, IR 38 D7 Confusion Matrices for Scene E, PANC 39 D8 Confusion Matrices for Scene E, IR 40...D9 Confusion Matrices for Scene H, PANC 41 DIO Confusion Matrices for Scene H, JR 42 3 .D 10CnuinMtie o cn ,IR4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAX-MIN TEXTURE

Using GIS for planning field trips: In-situ assessment of Geopoints for field trips with mobile devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Böhm, Sarah; Kisser, Thomas; Ditter, Raimund

2016-04-01

Up to now no application is existing for collecting data via mobile devices using a geographical information system referring to the evaluation of Geopoints. Classified in different geographical topics a Geopark can be rated for suitability of Geopoints for field trips. The systematically acquisition of the suitability of Geopoints is necessary, especially when doing field trips with lower grade students who see a physical-geographic phenomenon for the first time. For this reason, the development of such an application is an invention for easy handling evaluations of Geopoints on the basis of commonly valid criteria like esthetic attraction, interestingness, and pithiness (Streifinger 2010). Collecting data provides the opportunity of receiving information of particularly suitable Geopoints out of the sight from students, tourists and others. One solution for collecting data in a simple and intuitive form is Survey123 for ArcGIS (http://survey123.esri.com/#/). You can create surveys using an ArcGIS Online organizational account and download your own survey or surveys "that may have been shared with you" (https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/survey-123-for-arcgis/id993015031?mt=8) on your mobile device. "Once a form is downloaded, you will be able to start collecting data."(https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/survey-123-for-arcgis/id993015031?mt=8) Free of cost and use while disconnected the application can easily be used via mobile device on field trips. On a 3-day field trip which is held three times per year in the Geopark Bergstraße-Odenwald Survey123 is being used to evaluate the suitability of different Geopoints for different topics (geology, soils, vegetation, climate). With every field trip about 25 students take part in the survey and evaluate each Geopoint at the route. So, over the time, the docents know exactly which Geopoints suites perfect for teaching geology for example, and why it suites that good. The field trip is organized in an innovative way. Before the field trip, students gather in expert groups dealing with different topics (geology, soils, vegetation, climate). During the field trip these expert groups teach the other students at different Geopoints their expert knowledge. With Survey123 each student can give the experts grades for their teaching. Furthermore the app can be used to generate a digital report of the field trip with geotagged texts and photos which can be seen by the docents. Future-looking an evaluation of Geopoints by tourists or a cooperation with other universities for collecting more data is desirable. When organizing a field trip everybody could look up, how good the different Geopoints in a geopark are regarding topics like geology, soils, vegetation, … Crowdsourcing is maybe given at the future, if an ArcGIS Account is no more necessary to take part.

A Survey of Laws and Court Decisions in the United States as Related to Teacher Responsibility and Liability During Field Trips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DuVall, Charles R.; Krepel, Wayne J.

The purpose of this study was to investigate existing state laws and court decisions in the United States related to teacher responsibility and liability while on field trips. Literature reviewed in the report deals with both teacher responsibility and the instructional aspect of field trips. During July and August, 1971 a three-item questionnaire…

Effect of Field Trip on Students' Academic Performance in Basic Technology in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amosa, Abdul Ganiyu Alasela; Ogunlade, Oyeronke Olufunmilola; Atobatele, Adunni Suliat

2015-01-01

The use of field trip in teaching and learning helps to bring about effective and efficient learning in Basic Technology. Field trip is a group excursion away from the normal education environment for firsthand experience of an historic site or place of special interest. This study therefore was geared towards finding out the effect of field trip…

An on-line narrative of Colorado wilderness: Self-in-"cybernetic space"

Treesearch

Joseph G. Champ; Daniel R. Williams; Catherine M. Lundy

2013-01-01

The authors consider a new frontier for the study of wilderness recreation experience, an increasingly common form of blog known as online trip reports. Analysis and discussion in this article is the result of collecting and reflecting upon more than 300 trip reports focused on wilderness areas in the state of Colorado. The authors present a case study of one trip...

A comparison of estimates of statewide pleasure trip volume and expenditures derived from telephone versus mail surveys

Treesearch

Dae-Kwan Kim; Daniel M. Spotts; Donald F. Holecek

1998-01-01

This paper compares estimates of pleasure trip volume and expenditures derived from a regional telephone survey to those derived from the TravelScope mail panel survey. Significantly different estimates emerged, suggesting that survey-based estimates of pleasure trip volume and expenditures, at least in the case of the two surveys examined, appear to be affected by...

Current Practices for Providing School Field Trip Meals: Perspectives of School Nutrition Managers and Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sneed, Jeannie; Vaterlaus Patten, Emily

2015-01-01

Purpose/Objectives: The Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010 extended the requirements for a school food safety program to wherever food is stored, prepared, or served, including meals for field trips. The purpose of this study was to determine what foods are used for field trip meals, how those foods are transported and stored, and what standard…

Upper Primary Level History Teachers' Attitudes toward the Use of School Field Trips as an Educational Aid throughout Schools in Irbid First Education Directorate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Menazel, Basil H.

2015-01-01

The study aimed to identify upper primary level History teachers' attitudes toward the use of school field trips as an educational aid throughout schools in the Irbid First Education Directorate, through exploring the importance of school field trips in the creation of an interactive atmosphere and to encourage school administration attitudes…

Ten-Minute Field Trips. A Teacher's Guide to Using the Schoolgrounds for Environmental Studies. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Helen Ross

This book has been written to help teachers learn with their students and discover the advantages of using their own school ground for field trips. Since every school ground is different and since all field trips should be a part of classroom experiences, this book can only suggest possibilities that the teacher can select and adapt as a starting…

Demystifying a Black Box: A Grounded Theory of How Travel Experiences Impact the Jewish Identity Development of Jewish Emerging Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aaron, Scott

2015-01-01

The positive impact on the Jewish Identity Development of Jewish Emerging Adults of both the 10 day trips to Israel popularly known as Birthright trips and the service learning trips commonly known as Alternative Spring Breaks has been well-documented. However, the mechanics of how this positive impact occurs has not been well-understood. This…

Defense.gov Special Report: Travels With Hagel

Science.gov Websites

. November 2014 Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is on a five-day trip to meet with the men and women of the enterprise on Minot Air Force Base, N.D. Story Hagel Begins a Five-day Domestic Trip Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel was scheduled to visit Minot Air Force Base, N.D., in the first stop of a five-day trip to "

DefenseLink Feature: Travels with Mullen

Science.gov Websites

. Mullen's visit to El Salvador wraps up a five-day trip to the U.S. Southern Command area of operations. U.S . Mullen's visit to El Salvador wraps up a five-day trip to the U.S. Southern Command area of operations five-day trip to the U.S. Southern Command area of operations, Jan.18, 2008. Jan. 22, 2008 Mullen

The Effects of Autonomy-Supportive vs. Controlling Guidance on Learners' Motivational and Cognitive Achievement in a Structured Field Trip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basten, Melanie; Meyer-Ahrens, Inga; Fries, Stefan; Wilde, Matthias

2014-01-01

Field trips can provide unique opportunities for authentic, meaningful, and self-determined learning. Capitalizing on these opportunities requires that field trips be structured. A common way to do this is through the use of educational materials such as worksheets. The extent to which the guide's or teacher's autonomy-supportive or…

The impact of curiosity on learning during a school field trip to the zoo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlin, Kerry Ann

1999-11-01

This study was designed to examine (a) differences in cognitive learning as a result of a zoo field trip, (b) if the trip to the zoo had an impact on epistemic curiosity, (c) the role epistemic curiosity plays in learning, (d) the effect of gender, race, prior knowledge and prior visitation to the zoo on learning and epistemic curiosity, (e) participants' affect for the zoo animals, and (f) if prior visitation to the zoo contributes to prior knowledge. Ninety-six fourth and fifth grade children completed curiosity, cognitive, and affective written tests before and after a field trip to the Lowery Park Zoo in Tampa, Florida. The data showed that students were very curious about zoo animals. Dependent T-tests indicated no significant difference between pretest and posttest curiosity levels. The trip did not influence participants' curiosity levels. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the dependent variable, curiosity, and the independent variables, gender, race, prior knowledge, and prior visitation. No significant differences were found. Dependent T-tests indicated no significant difference between pretest and posttest cognitive scores. The field trip to the zoo did not cause an increase in participants' knowledge. However, participants did learn on the trip. After the field trip, participants identified more animals displayed by the zoo than they did before. Also, more animals were identified by species and genus names after the trip than before. These differences were significant (alpha = .05). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the dependent variable, posttest cognitive performance, and the independent variables, curiosity, gender, race, prior knowledge, and prior visitation. A significant difference was found for prior knowledge (alpha = .05). No significant differences were found for the other independent variables. Chi-square tests of significance indicated significant differences (alpha = .05) in preferences for types of animals and preference for animals by gender. Significant differences (alpha = .05) were also found between the reasons why animals were preferred. Differences occurred between animals that were liked and disliked, between genders, and between the pretest and the posttest.

Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop 2: Characteristics of the Ares Vallis Region and Field Trips in the Channeled Scabland, Washington

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golombek, M. P. (Editor); Edgett, K. S. (Editor); Rice, J. W. , Jr. (Editor)

1995-01-01

Mars Pathfinder will place a single lander on the surface of Mars on July 4, 1997, following a December 1996 launch. As a result of the very successful first Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop, the project has selected the Ares Vallis outflow channel in Chryse Planitia as the landing site. This location is where a large catastrophic outflow channel debouches into the northern lowlands. A second workshop and series of field trips, entitled Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop 2: Characteristics of the Ares Vallis Region and Field Trips in the Channeled Scabland, Washington, were held in Spokane and Moses Lake, Washington. The purpose of the workshop was to provide a focus for learning as much as possible about the Ares Vallis region on Mars before landing there. The rationale is that the more that can be learned about the general area prior to landing, the better scientists will be able interpret the observations made by the lander and rover and place them in the proper geologic context. The field trip included overflights and surface investigations of the Channeled Scabland (an Earth analog for the martian catastrophic outflow channels), focusing on areas particularly analogous to Ares Vallis and the landing site. The overflights were essential for placing the enormous erosional and depositional features of the Channeled Scabland into proper three-dimensional context. The field trips were a joint educational outreach activity involving K-12 science educators, Mars Pathfinder scientists and engineers, and interested scientists from the Mars scientific community. Part 1 of the technical report on this workshop includes a description of the Mars Pathfinder mission, abstracts accepted for presentation at the workshop, an introduction to the Channeled Scabland, and field trip guides for the overflight and two field trips. This part, Part 2, includes the program for the workshop, summaries of the workshop technical sessions, a summary of the field trips and ensuing discussions, late abstracts of workshop presentations, reports on the education and public outreach activities carried out by the educators, and a list of the workshop and field trip participants.

Personal and Environmental Characteristics Associated with Choice of Active Transport Modes versus Car Use for Different Trip Purposes of Trips up to 7.5 Kilometers in The Netherlands

PubMed Central

Scheepers, Eline; Wendel-Vos, Wanda; van Kempen, Elise; Panis, Luc Int; Maas, Jolanda; Stipdonk, Henk; Moerman, Menno; den Hertog, Frank; Staatsen, Brigit; van Wesemael, Pieter; Schuit, Jantine

2013-01-01

Introduction This explorative study examines personal and neighbourhood characteristics associated with short-distance trips made by car, bicycle or walking in order to identify target groups for future interventions. Methods Data were derived from ‘Mobility Research Netherlands (2004–2009; MON)’, a dataset including information regarding trips made by household members (n = ±53,000 respondents annually). Using postal codes of household addresses, MON data were enriched with data on neighbourhood typologies. Multilevel logistic modelling was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) of active transport versus car use associated with four different trip purposes (shopping (reference), commuting, taking or bringing persons or sports). A total of 277,292 short distance trips made by 102,885 persons were included in analyses. Results Compared to women shopping, women less often take active transport to sports clubs (OR = 0.88) and men less often take active transport for shopping (OR = 0.92), or for bringing or taking persons (OR = 0.76). Those aged 25–34 years (OR = 0.83) and 35–44 years (OR = 0.96) were more likely to use active transport for taking or bringing persons than persons belonging to the other age groups (relative to trips made for shopping by those 65 years or over). A higher use of active transport modes by persons with an university or college degree was found and particularly persons living in urban-centre neighbourhoods were likely to use active transport modes. Conclusion In developing policies promoting a mode shift special attention should be given to the following groups: a) men making short distance trips for taking or bringing persons, b) women making short distance trips to sport facilities, c) persons belonging to the age groups of 25–44 years of age, d) Persons with a primary school or lower general secondary education degree and persons with a high school or secondary school degree and e) persons living in rural or urban-green neighbourhoods. PMID:24039866

Personal and environmental characteristics associated with choice of active transport modes versus car use for different trip purposes of trips up to 7.5 kilometers in The Netherlands.

PubMed

Scheepers, Eline; Wendel-Vos, Wanda; van Kempen, Elise; Panis, Luc Int; Maas, Jolanda; Stipdonk, Henk; Moerman, Menno; den Hertog, Frank; Staatsen, Brigit; van Wesemael, Pieter; Schuit, Jantine

2013-01-01

This explorative study examines personal and neighbourhood characteristics associated with short-distance trips made by car, bicycle or walking in order to identify target groups for future interventions. Data were derived from 'Mobility Research Netherlands (2004-2009; MON)', a dataset including information regarding trips made by household members (n = ±53,000 respondents annually). Using postal codes of household addresses, MON data were enriched with data on neighbourhood typologies. Multilevel logistic modelling was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) of active transport versus car use associated with four different trip purposes (shopping (reference), commuting, taking or bringing persons or sports). A total of 277,292 short distance trips made by 102,885 persons were included in analyses. Compared to women shopping, women less often take active transport to sports clubs (OR = 0.88) and men less often take active transport for shopping (OR = 0.92), or for bringing or taking persons (OR = 0.76). Those aged 25-34 years (OR = 0.83) and 35-44 years (OR = 0.96) were more likely to use active transport for taking or bringing persons than persons belonging to the other age groups (relative to trips made for shopping by those 65 years or over). A higher use of active transport modes by persons with an university or college degree was found and particularly persons living in urban-centre neighbourhoods were likely to use active transport modes. IN DEVELOPING POLICIES PROMOTING A MODE SHIFT SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE FOLLOWING GROUPS: a) men making short distance trips for taking or bringing persons, b) women making short distance trips to sport facilities, c) persons belonging to the age groups of 25-44 years of age, d) Persons with a primary school or lower general secondary education degree and persons with a high school or secondary school degree and e) persons living in rural or urban-green neighbourhoods.

Changes in mode of travel to work: a natural experimental study of new transport infrastructure.

PubMed

Heinen, Eva; Panter, Jenna; Mackett, Roger; Ogilvie, David

2015-06-20

New transport infrastructure may promote a shift towards active travel, thereby improving population health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a major transport infrastructure project on commuters' mode of travel, trip frequency and distance travelled to work. Quasi-experimental analysis nested within a cohort study of 470 adults working in Cambridge, UK. The intervention consisted of the opening of a guided busway with a path for walking and cycling in 2011. Exposure to the intervention was defined as the negative of the square root of the shortest distance from home to busway. The outcome measures were changes in commute mode share and number of commute trips - both based on a seven-day travel-to-work record collected before (2009) and after (2012) the intervention - and change in objective commute distance. The mode share outcomes were changes in the proportions of trips (i) involving any active travel, (ii) involving any public transport, and (iii) made entirely by car. Separate multinomial regression models were estimated adjusting for commute and sociodemographic characteristics, residential settlement size and life events. Proximity to the busway predicted an increased likelihood of a large (>30 %) increase in the share of commute trips involving any active travel (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.80, 95 % CI 1.27, 2.55) and a large decrease in the share of trips made entirely by car (RRR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.35, 3.21), as well as a lower likelihood of a small (<30 %) reduction in the share of trips involving any active travel (RRR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.28, 0.81). It was not associated with changes in the share of commute trips involving any public transport, the number of commute trips, or commute distance. The new infrastructure promoted an increase in the share of commuting trips involving active travel and a decrease in the share made entirely by car. Further analysis will show the extent to which the changes in commute mode share were translated into an increase in time spent in active commuting and consequent health gain.

Periodic GMP Matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eichinger, Benjamin

2016-07-01

We recall criteria on the spectrum of Jacobi matrices such that the corresponding isospectral torus consists of periodic operators. Motivated by those known results for Jacobi matrices, we define a new class of operators called GMP matrices. They form a certain Generalization of matrices related to the strong Moment Problem. This class allows us to give a parametrization of almost periodic finite gap Jacobi matrices by periodic GMP matrices. Moreover, due to their structural similarity we can carry over numerous results from the direct and inverse spectral theory of periodic Jacobi matrices to the class of periodic GMP matrices. In particular, we prove an analogue of the remarkable ''magic formula'' for this new class.

Field trip report: Observations made at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. Special report No. 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hill, C.A.

1993-03-01

A field trip was made to the Yucca Mountain area on December 5-9, 1992 by Jerry Frazier, Don Livingston, Christine Schluter, Russell Harmon, and Carol Hill. Forty-three separate stops were made and 275 lbs. of rocks were collected during the five days of the field trip. Key localities visited were the Bare Mountains, Yucca Mountain, Calico Hills, Busted Butte, Harper Valley, Red Cliff Gulch, Wahmonie Hills, Crater Flat, and Lathrop Wells Cone. This report only describes field observations made by Carol Hill. Drawings are used rather than photographs because cameras were not permitted on the Nevada Test Site during thismore » trip.« less

The Effect of Bi on the Selective Oxide Formation on CMnSi TRIP Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Jonghan; Cho, Lawrence; Kim, Myungsoo; Kang, Kichul; De Cooman, Bruno C.

2016-11-01

The effect of Bi addition on the selective oxidation and the galvanizability of CMnSi transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels was studied by hot dip galvanizing laboratory simulations. Bi-added TRIP steels were intercritically annealed at 1093 K (820 °C) and galvanized in a 0.22 wt pct Al-containing Zn bath. The oxide morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and 3D atom probe tomography. Bi formed a Bi-enriched surface layer during the intercritical annealing. A decrease of the oxygen permeability was observed with increasing Bi addition. The internal oxidation was suppressed in Bi-added CMnSi TRIP steel. The surface oxide morphology was changed from a continuous layer morphology to a more lens-shaped morphology. The galvanizability of the Bi-added TRIP steel was improved by the combination of the change of the oxide morphology and the dissolution of the Bi-enriched surface layer during immersion of the strip in the Zn bath.

Workplace slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity.

PubMed

Koepp, Gabriel A; Snedden, Bradley J; Levine, James A

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity in a population of workers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. INL is an applied engineering facility dedicated to supporting the US Department of Energy's mission. An analysis was performed on injuries reported to the INL Medical Clinic to determine whether obesity was related to an increase in slip, trip and fall injuries. Records were analysed that spanned a 6-year period (2005-2010), and included 8581 employees (mean age, 47 ± 11 years and body mass index [BMI], 29 ± 5 kg/m(2); 34% obesity rate). Of the 189 people who reported slip, trip and fall injuries (mean age, 48 ± 11 years), 51% were obese (P < 0.001 compared with uninjured employees), and their mean BMI was 31 ± 6 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001). Obesity in this population was associated with a greater rate of slip, trip and fall injuries.

Student Self-Reported Learning Outcomes of Field Trips: The pedagogical impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lavie Alon, Nirit; Tal, Tali

2015-05-01

In this study, we used the classification and regression trees (CART) method to draw relationships between student self-reported learning outcomes in 26 field trips to natural environments and various characteristics of the field trip that include variables associated with preparation and pedagogy. We wished to examine the extent to which the preparation for the field trip, its connection to the school curriculum, and the pedagogies used, affect students' self-reported outcomes in three domains: cognitive, affective, and behavioral; and the extent the students' socioeconomic group and the guide's affiliation affect students' reported learning outcomes. Given that most of the field trips were guide-centered, the most important variable that affected the three domains of outcomes was the guide's storytelling. Other variables that showed relationships with self-reported outcomes were physical activity and making connections to everyday life-all of which we defined as pedagogical variables. We found no significant differences in student self-reported outcomes with respect to their socioeconomic group and the guide's organizational affiliation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blink, F D; Blink, J A

Elementary students are using the internet to experience virtual field trips to learn about areas that they are not able to experience in person. This poster presentation describes a virtual field trip taken by Mendoza Elementary School, Las Vegas, Nevada classes during the summer of 2003. The authors, who are DataStreme Learning Implementation Team members, drove from Las Vegas to Seattle for the annual DataStreme Summer Workshop. During the trip and in Seattle, the authors communicated through the internet with classrooms in Las Vegas. Weather information, pictures, and pertinent information about Seattle or the enroute area were sent to themore » classes each day. The students then compared the weather in Las Vegas with the weather and clouds from the communication. Fourth grade students were studying about volcanoes and were excited to hear about, and see pictures of, Mt. Shasta, Mt. Lassen, Mt. St. Helen and Mt. Rainier during the virtual field trip. Classes were able to track the route taken on a map during the virtual field trip.« less

41 CFR 301-51.203 - What must I do about my advance if my trip is canceled or postponed indefinitely?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What must I do about my advance if my trip is canceled or postponed indefinitely? 301-51.203 Section 301-51.203 Public Contracts... Receiving Travel Advances § 301-51.203 What must I do about my advance if my trip is canceled or postponed...

Integrated Doppler Correction to TWSTFT Using Round-Trip Measurement

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

42 nd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting 251 INTEGRATED DOPPLER CORRECTION TO TWSTFT USING ROUND-TRIP MEASUREMENT Yi...Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ) data. It is necessary to correct the diurnal variation for comparing the time-scale difference. We focus on the up-/downlink...delay difference caused by satellite motion. In this paper, we propose to correct the TWSTFT data by using round-trip delay measurement. There are

Learning on Zoo Field Trips: The Interaction of the Agendas and Practices of Students, Teachers, and Zoo Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, Susan Kay; Passmore, Cynthia; Anderson, David

2010-01-01

This paper reports on the findings of a case study that investigated the interaction of the agendas and practices of students, teachers, and zoo educators during a class field trip to a zoo. The study reports on findings of the analysis of two case classes of students and their perceptions of their learning experiences during the field trip. The…

Eliciting management action: Using THERP to highlight human factors deficiencies for trip reduction programs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fuld, R.; Cybert, S.

Methods and criteria for performing human factors evaluations of plant systems and procedures are well developed and available. For a design review to produce a positive impact on operations, however, it is not enough to simply document deficiences and solutions. The results must be presented to management in a clear and compelling form that will direct attention to the heart of a problem and present proposed solutions in terms of explicit, quantified cost/benefits. A proactive program of trip reduction provides an excellent opportunity to accomplish human factors-related upgrades. As an evaluative context, trip reduction imposes a uniform goodness criterion onmore » all situations: the probability of inadvertent plant trip. This in turn means that findings can be compared in terms of a common quantitative reference point: the cost of an inadvertent shutdown. To interpret human factors deficiencies in terms of trip probabilities, the Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) can be used. THERP provides an accessible compilation of human reliability data for generic, discrete task elements. Sequences of such values are combined in standard event trees to determine the probability of failure (e.g., trip) for a given evolution. THERP is widely accepted as one of the best available alternatives for assessing human reliability.« less

TRIPS, the Doha Declaration and increasing access to medicines: policy options for Ghana

PubMed Central

Cohen, JC; Gyansa-Lutterodt, M; Torpey, K; Esmail, LC; Kurokawa, G

2005-01-01

There are acute disparities in pharmaceutical access between developing and industrialized countries. Developing countries make up approximately 80% of the world's population but only represent approximately 20% of global pharmaceutical consumption. Among the many barriers to drug access are the potential consequences of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Many developing countries have recently modified their patent laws to conform to the TRIPS standards, given the 2005 deadline for developing countries. Safeguards to protect public health have been incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement; however, in practice governments may be reluctant to exercise such rights given concern about the international trade and political ramifications. The Doha Declaration and the recent Decision on the Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health may provide more freedom for developing countries in using these safeguards. This paper focuses on Ghana, a developing country that recently changed its patent laws to conform to TRIPS standards. We examine Ghana's patent law changes in the context of the Doha Declaration and assess their meaning for access to drugs of its population. We discuss new and existing barriers, as well as possible solutions, to provide policy-makers with lessons learned from the Ghanaian experience. PMID:16336685

Synchronisation of parental behaviours reduces the risk of nest predation in a socially monogamous passerine bird.

PubMed

Leniowski, K; Węgrzyn, E

2018-05-09

Social monogamy with bi-parental care is the most common breeding pattern in birds, yet cooperation between mates has not been intensively studied to date. In this study we investigate synchronisation of parental behaviours in the blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, a species characterized by bi-parental care and high nest predation. We test the hypothesis that mates synchronize their behaviours to decrease total activity at the nest, which is known to affect predation rate in birds. We examine if blackcap parents synchronise their feeding trips more when nestlings are at the poikilothermic stage, and they may be more vulnerable to nest predation due to their inability to escape and survive outside the nest without parental brooding. We also investigate the alternation of feeding trips by parents. We show that blackcap parents synchronise the majority of their feeding trips during the whole nestling period, and the level of parental synchrony is higher before nestlings develop endothermy. The alternation of male and female feeding trips was much higher than would be expected by chance and was positively related to parental synchrony. We have demonstrated that synchronisation of parental feeding trips significantly decreased parental activity at the nest, and nest survival time increased with the synchrony of parental feeding trips.

Economic Value of Instream Flow for Non-Commercial Whitewater Boating Using Recreation Demand and Contingent Valuation Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loomis, John; McTernan, James

2014-03-01

Whitewater river kayaking and river rafting require adequate instream flows that are often adversely affected by upstream water diversions. However, there are very few studies in the USA of the economic value of instream flow to inform environmental managers. This study estimates the economic value of instream flow to non-commercial kayakers derived using a Travel Cost Method recreation demand model and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a type of Contingent Behavior Method (CBM). Data were obtained from a visitor survey administered along the Poudre River in Colorado. In the dichotomous choice CVM willingness to pay (WTP) question, visitors were asked if they would still visit the river if the cost of their trip was Y higher, and the level of Y was varied across the sample. The CVM yielded an estimate of WTP that was sensitive to flows ranging from 55 per person per day at 300 Cubic Feet per Second (CFS) to a maximum 97 per person per day at flows of 1900 CFS. The recreation demand model estimated a boater's number of trips per season. We found the number of trips taken was also sensitive to flow, ranging from as little as 1.63 trips at 300 CFS to a maximum number of 14 trips over the season at 1900 CFS. Thus, there is consistency between peak benefits per trip and number of trips, respectively. With an average of about 100 non-commercial boaters per day, the maximum marginal values per acre foot averages about 220. This value exceeds irrigation water values in this area of Colorado.

Fluorescence Visualization of Hypersonic Flow Past Triangular and Rectangular Boundary-layer Trips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Danehy, Paul M.; Garcia, A. P.; Borg, Stephen E.; Dyakonov, Artem A.; Berry, Scott A.; Inman, Jennifer A.; Alderfer, David W.

2007-01-01

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) flow visualization has been used to investigate the hypersonic flow of air over surface protrusions that are sized to force laminar-to-turbulent boundary layer transition. These trips were selected to simulate protruding Space Shuttle Orbiter heat shield gap-filler material. Experiments were performed in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-Inch Mach 10 Air Wind Tunnel, which is an electrically-heated, blowdown facility. Two-mm high by 8-mm wide triangular and rectangular trips were attached to a flat plate and were oriented at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the oncoming flow. Upstream of these trips, nitric oxide (NO) was seeded into the boundary layer. PLIF visualization of this NO allowed observation of both laminar and turbulent boundary layer flow downstream of the trips for varying flow conditions as the flat plate angle of attack was varied. By varying the angle of attack, the Mach number above the boundary layer was varied between 4.2 and 9.8, according to analytical oblique-shock calculations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flowfield with a laminar boundary layer were also performed to better understand the flow environment. The PLIF images of the tripped boundary layer flow were compared to a case with no trip for which the flow remained laminar over the entire angle-of-attack range studied. Qualitative agreement is found between the present observed transition measurements and a previous experimental roughness-induced transition database determined by other means, which is used by the shuttle return-to-flight program.

Active transportation and public transportation use to achieve physical activity recommendations? A combined GPS, accelerometer, and mobility survey study.

PubMed

Chaix, Basile; Kestens, Yan; Duncan, Scott; Merrien, Claire; Thierry, Benoît; Pannier, Bruno; Brondeel, Ruben; Lewin, Antoine; Karusisi, Noëlla; Perchoux, Camille; Thomas, Frédérique; Méline, Julie

2014-09-27

Accurate information is lacking on the extent of transportation as a source of physical activity, on the physical activity gains from public transportation use, and on the extent to which population shifts in the use of transportation modes could increase the percentage of people reaching official physical activity recommendations. In 2012-2013, 234 participants of the RECORD GPS Study (French Paris region, median age = 58) wore a portable GPS receiver and an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day GPS-based mobility survey (participation rate = 57.1%). Information on transportation modes and accelerometry data aggregated at the trip level [number of steps taken, energy expended, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time] were available for 7,644 trips. Associations between transportation modes and accelerometer-derived physical activity were estimated at the trip level with multilevel linear models. Participants spent a median of 1 h 58 min per day in transportation (8.2% of total time). Thirty-eight per-cent of steps taken, 31% of energy expended, and 33% of MVPA over 7 days were attributable to transportation. Walking and biking trips but also public transportation trips with all four transit modes examined were associated with greater steps, MVPA, and energy expenditure when compared to trips by personal motorized vehicle. Two simulated scenarios, implying a shift of approximately 14% and 33% of all motorized trips to public transportation or walking, were associated with a predicted 6 point and 13 point increase in the percentage of participants achieving the current physical activity recommendation. Collecting data with GPS receivers, accelerometers, and a GPS-based electronic mobility survey of activities and transportation modes allowed us to investigate relationships between transportation modes and physical activity at the trip level. Our findings suggest that an increase in active transportation participation and public transportation use may have substantial impacts on the percentage of people achieving physical activity recommendations.

Fimbria-Fornix Lesions Disrupt the Dead Reckoning (Homing) Component of Exploratory Behavior in Mice

PubMed Central

Gorny, Joanna H.; Gorny, Bogdan; Wallace, Douglas G.; Whishaw, Ian Q.

2002-01-01

Exploration is the primary way in which rodents gather information about their spatial surroundings. Thus, spatial theories propose that damage to the hippocampus, a structure thought to play a fundamental role in spatial behavior, should disrupt exploration. Exploration in rats is organized. The animals create home bases that are central to exploratory excursions and returns, and hippocampal formation damage alters the organization of exploration by disrupting returns. Mice do not appear to readily establish home bases in novel environments, thus, for this species, it is more difficult to establish the contribution of the hippocampus to exploration. The purpose of the present study was threefold: develop a task in which mice center their exploration from a home base, determine whether the exploratory behavior is organized, and evaluate the role of fimbria-fornix lesions on exploration. Mice were given a novel exploratory task in which their nesting material was placed on a large circular table. Video records of control and fimbria-fornix mice were made in both light and dark (infrared light) conditions. Exploration patterns (outward trips, stops, and homeward trips) were reconstructed from the video records. Control mice centered their activity on their bedding, from which they made circuitous outward trips marked by many stops, and periodic direct returns. The bedding-centered behavior and outward trips of the fimbria-fornix mice were similar to those of the control mice, but significantly fewer direct return trips occurred. The direct homeward trips observed under light and dark conditions were consistent with a dead-reckoning strategy, in which an animal computes its present position and homeward trajectory from self-movement cues generated on the outward trip. Because the fimbria-fornix lesions disrupted the homeward component of exploratory trips, we conclude that the fimbria-fornix may contribute to dead reckoning in mice. The results also show that the home-bedding methodology facilitates the establishment of a home base by mice, thus providing a useful methodology for studies with mice. PMID:12464698

Fungible Correlation Matrices: A Method for Generating Nonsingular, Singular, and Improper Correlation Matrices for Monte Carlo Research.

PubMed

Waller, Niels G

2016-01-01

For a fixed set of standardized regression coefficients and a fixed coefficient of determination (R-squared), an infinite number of predictor correlation matrices will satisfy the implied quadratic form. I call such matrices fungible correlation matrices. In this article, I describe an algorithm for generating positive definite (PD), positive semidefinite (PSD), or indefinite (ID) fungible correlation matrices that have a random or fixed smallest eigenvalue. The underlying equations of this algorithm are reviewed from both algebraic and geometric perspectives. Two simulation studies illustrate that fungible correlation matrices can be profitably used in Monte Carlo research. The first study uses PD fungible correlation matrices to compare penalized regression algorithms. The second study uses ID fungible correlation matrices to compare matrix-smoothing algorithms. R code for generating fungible correlation matrices is presented in the supplemental materials.

Departure Energies, Trip Times and Entry Speeds for Human Mars Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munk, Michelle M.

1999-01-01

The study examines how the mission design variables departure energy, entry speed, and trip time vary for round-trip conjunction-class Mars missions. These three parameters must be balanced in order to produce a mission that is acceptable in terms of mass, cost, and risk. For the analysis, a simple, massless- planet trajectory program was employed. The premise of this work is that if the trans-Mars and trans-Earth injection stages are designed for the most stringent opportunity in the energy cycle, then there is extra energy capability in the "easier" opportunities which can be used to decrease the planetary entry speed, or shorten the trip time. Both of these effects are desirable for a human exploration program.

Departure Energies, Trip Times and Entry Speeds for Human Mars Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munk, Michelle M.

1999-01-01

The study examines how the mission design variables departure energy, entry speed, and trip time vary for round-trip conjunction-class Mars missions. These three parameters must be balanced in order to produce a mission that is acceptable in terms of mass, cost, and risk. For the analysis, a simple, massless-planet trajectory program was employed. The premise of this work is that if the trans-Mars and trans-Earth injection stages are designed for the most stringent opportunity in the energy cycle, then there is extra energy capability in the "easier" opportunities which can be used to decrease the planetary entry speed, or shorten the trip time. Both of these effects are desirable for a human exploration program.

Legal and policy foundations for global generic competition: Promoting affordable drug pricing in developing societies.

PubMed

Zapatero Miguel, Pablo

2015-01-01

The so-called 'TRIPS flexibilities' restated in 2001 by the World Trade Organization's Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health offer a variety of policy avenues for promoting global price-based competition for essential medicines, and thus for improving access to affordable medicines in the developing world. In recent years, developing countries and international organisations alike have begun to explore the potentialities of global generic markets and competition generally, and also of using compulsory licensing to remedy anti-competitive practices (e.g. excessive pricing) through TRIPS-compatible antitrust enforcement. These and other 'pro-competitive' TRIPS flexibilities currently available provide the critical leverage and policy space necessary to improve access to affordable medicines in the developing world.

Concerns of an itinerant surgeon: results of a Guatemalan surgical aid trip.

PubMed

Kavolus, Joseph J; Ritter, Merrill A; Claverie, Jorge G; Barfield, William R; Lackland, Daniel T; Trousdale, Robert T

2014-05-01

Over the past decade the popularity of foreign medical aid has increased and gained notoriety. Operation Walk is a philanthropic organization dedicated to improving the ambulatory potential of patients in developing countries by providing free surgical treatment for patients who otherwise lack access to care of debilitating bone and joint conditions. During Operation Walk Mooresville's 2013 trip to Guatemala 40 patients prospectively completed a Likert Scale style survey. The 63-question survey assessed patient impressions and concerns regarding the care they receive as part of itinerant surgical aid trips. Mean scores were calculated and then concerns were ranked accordingly. We are aware of no other investigation assessing these sorts of patient centered perspectives for international surgical aid trips. © 2013.

Accounting for Laminar Run & Trip Drag in Supersonic Cruise Performance Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodsell, Aga M.; Kennelly, Robert A.

1999-01-01

An improved laminar run and trip drag correction methodology for supersonic cruise performance testing was derived. This method required more careful analysis of the flow visualization images which revealed delayed transition particularly on the inboard upper surface, even for the largest trip disks. In addition, a new code was developed to estimate the laminar run correction. Once the data were corrected for laminar run, the correct approach to the analysis of the trip drag became evident. Although the data originally appeared confusing, the corrected data are consistent with previous results. Furthermore, the modified approach, which was described in this presentation, extends prior historical work by taking into account the delayed transition caused by the blunt leading edges.

Enhancing University Courses and Field Schools through Cross-cultural Exchange: Joint US-Bangladeshi Trips to the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Mississippi Deltas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steckler, M. S.; Goodbred, S. L., Jr.; Lowes, S.; Gilligan, J. M.; Ackerly, B.; Ahmed, K. M.; Akhter, S. H.; Sousa, D.; Wilson, C.; Datta, D. K.; Roy, K.; Mondal, D. R.

2014-12-01

As part of an NSF PIRE grant, we have led four field trips for undergraduate, MS and PhD students to large deltaic systems. Three trips took US students to the Ganges-Brahmaputra (GB) delta in Bangladesh and one brought Bangladeshi faculty and students to the Mississippi (Miss.) delta in the US. An essential component in the learning process and overall experience of each trip was that ~2/5 of the participants were students and professors from Bangladesh. In all cases, the involvement of a substantial international cohort greatly broadened perspectives on the topics being covered. For example, in GBD the local geologic and cultural knowledge of the Bangladeshis deepened the learning and engagement of the US students, an outcome that was almost universally noted in student reviews. The trips received similar feedback from Bangladeshi participants, as they had an enthusiastic and engaged audience of peers from the US. Even for the Miss. delta trip, the Bangladeshis added a unique perspective from a nation that faces similar environmental issues. These overwhelmingly positive contributions have been experienced in several different contexts. Three trips were associated with US courses and run over Spring Break. One matched sustainable development undergrads at Columbia U. with geology undergrads from Dhaka U., and two others matched a mixed group of graduate and undergrad students from Vanderbilt U. with cohorts from Bangladesh. The fourth trip was a stand-alone Field School for PhD students from 14 US universities and mostly MS students from 4 Bangladeshi universities. The focus of each trip ranged from broader surveys of tectonic, fluvial and coastal processes to investigations of geology and people affected by tropical storms. Of particular interest was the success of mixing undergrad and graduate students in the Vanderbilt course, which centered on the intersection of social sciences, physical sciences, and engineering. In this case, undergrads engaged in a liberal arts education brought a generally broader perspective than the more specialized graduate students. Overcoming this condition for the grad students is one of the principal reasons that the course was designed, and incorporating undergrads involved in the humanities and social disciplines invigorated these transdisciplinary aspects of the course.

Travel patterns during pregnancy: comparison between Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and questionnaire data.

PubMed

Wu, Jun; Jiang, Chengsheng; Jaimes, Guillermo; Bartell, Scott; Dang, Andy; Baker, Dean; Delfino, Ralph J

2013-10-09

Maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are strongly influenced by time spent near traffic. However, little is known about women's travel activities during pregnancy and whether questionnaire-based data can provide reliable information on travel patterns during pregnancy. Examine women's in-vehicle travel behavior during pregnancy and examine the difference in travel data collected by questionnaire and global positioning system (GPS) and their potential for exposure error. We measured work-related travel patterns in 56 pregnant women using a questionnaire and one-week GPS tracking three times during pregnancy (<20 weeks, 20-30 weeks, and >30 weeks of gestation). We compared self-reported activities with GPS-derived trip distance and duration, and examined potentially influential factors that may contribute to differences. We also described in-vehicle travel behavior by pregnancy periods and influences of demographic and personal factors on daily travel times. Finally, we estimated personal exposure to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PB-PAH) and examined the magnitude of exposure misclassification using self-reported vs. GPS travel data. Subjects overestimated both trip duration and trip distance compared to the GPS data. We observed moderately high correlations between self-reported and GPS-recorded travel distance (home to work trips: r = 0.88; work to home trips: r = 0.80). Better agreement was observed between the GPS and the self-reported travel time for home to work trips (r = 0.77) than work to home trips (r = 0.64). The subjects on average spent 69 and 93 minutes traveling in vehicles daily based on the GPS and self-reported data, respectively. Longer daily travel time was observed among participants in early pregnancy, and during certain pregnancy periods in women with higher education attainment, higher income, and no children. When comparing self-reported vs. GPS data, we found that estimated personal exposure to PB-PAH did not differ remarkably at the population level, but the difference was large at an individual level. Self-reported home-to-work data overestimated both trip duration and trip distance compared to GPS data. Significant differences in PAH exposure estimates were observed at individual level using self-reported vs. GPS data, which has important implications in air pollution epidemiological studies.

The Effects of In-Nature and Virtual-Nature Field Trip Experiences On Proenvironmental Attitudes and Behaviors, And Environmental Knowledge Of Middle School Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferderbar, Catherine A.

To develop sustainable solutions to remediate the complex ecological problems of earth's soil, water, and air degradation requires the talents and skills of knowledgeable, motivated people (UNESCO, 1977; UNESCO, 2010). Researchers historically emphasized that time spent in outdoor, nature activities (Wells & Lekies, 2006), particularly with an adult mentor (Chawla & Cushing, 2007), promotes environmental knowledge and nature-relatedness, precursors to environmental literacy. Research has also demonstrated that technology is integral to the lives of youth, who spend 7:38 hours daily (Rideout, et al., 2010), engaged in electronics. Educators would benefit from knowing if in-nature and virtual-nature field trip experiences provide comparable levels of knowledge and connectedness, to nurture student proenvironmentalism. To investigate field trip phenomena, the researcher studied the impact of virtual-nature and in-nature experiences during which students analyzed water quality along Midwestern rivers. The quasi-experimental, mixed method convergent parallel design with a purposeful sample (n=131) of middle school students from two Midwestern K-8 schools, utilized scientist participant observer field records and narrative response, written assessment aligned to field trip content to evaluate knowledge acquisition. To gain insight into student environmental dispositions, participant observers recorded student comments and behaviors throughout field trips. A survey, administered Pre-Treatment, Post-Treatment 1 and Post-Treatment 2, focused on family water-related behaviors and student perceptions of the need for local government water protection. The findings demonstrated both field trips increased content knowledge significantly, with large effect size. Content knowledge gain from one experience transferred to and was augmented by the second experience. Skill gain (technical and observational) varied by type of field trip and did not transfer. Technical skill was often paired with critical thinking/reasoning. Survey results demonstrated that the virtual-nature, in-nature order evinced a greater proenvironmental attitude and behavioral change. The initial experience provided greater proenvironmental impact, regardless of order. Several students exhibited a Connection to Life Experience that reinforced their nature-relatedness during either field trip. These findings inform best practices associated with environmental education. The implications include teacher-practitioner collaboration with IT personnel, naturalists, hydrologists, zoological and botanical experts, to design local, site-based virtual-nature and in-nature (or hybrid) field trips to nurture environmental literacy goals.

The Need for Formal Surgical Global Health Programs and Improved Mission Trip Coordination.

PubMed

Medoff, Sar; Freed, Jeffrey

There is a dire need for more surgical services as part of improving global health. Conditions treatable with surgery account for 11% of the global burden of disease, with a disproportionate burden affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Less than 6% of the world's operations are performed in LMICs, with relief organizations performing nearly 250,000 operations annually in LMICs in addition to each country's domestic surgical capacity. Currently, surgical needs are not adequately met by the existing patchwork of federal and nongovernmental organizations' surgical services and surgical mission trips. Improving coordination between mission trips may have synergistic benefits for maximizing the efficacy of the individual trips and improving the overall quality of care. To establish whether cooperation between surgical mission trips can lead to operational efficiency and to identify obstacles to cooperation. In order to establish the veracity of cooperation translating into efficiency and to identify obstacles that prevent cooperation, a 50-question survey was created (see Supplement 1). The survey was sent to surgical program directors of the 147 major surgical programs in the United States and Canada with a follow-up telephone survey of 18 randomly selected programs. The survey response rate was 14%. Although 90% of respondent programs mount at least 1 mission trip per year, only one-third confirmed the existence of global health or surgical global health programs at their institution (33%). There was significant interest in cooperating with programs at other institutions (80%). When asked why they do not communicate with humanitarian aid organizations doing similar work, 53% of respondents reported a "lack of knowledge of how to find similar organizations to mine doing similar work." An additional 21% of respondents were "unaware that coordination is possible." A minority of respondent surgery programs host formal, organized surgical global health programs with a structured leadership based at academic medical centers. Although most institutions have individuals leading international humanitarian missions to LMICs, these leaders do not function in an integrated fashion with their departments, institutions, or other academic medical programs. The majority of respondents were interested in coordinating their surgical trips with other groups. Respondents suggested the creation of a central database that would allow trip organizers to share information about upcoming trips, site logistics, and personnel or supply needs. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Travel measurement issues

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

The proceedings include the following research papers: "Life-Cycle Concept: A Practical Application to Transportation Planning;" "Automobile Occupancy, Vehicle Trips, and Trip Purpose: Some Forecasting Problems;" "Successful Administration of a Maile...

Surface Selective Oxidation of Sn-Added CMnSi TRIP Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Lawrence; Seo, Eun Jung; Jung, Geun Su; Suh, Dong Woo; De Cooman, Bruno C.

2016-04-01

The influence of the addition of Sn on the selective oxidation and the reactive wetting of CMnSi transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels was studied by means of galvanizing simulator tests. A reference TRIP steel and TRIP steels containing Sn in the range of 0.05 to 1 wt pct were intercritically annealed at 1093 K (820 °C) in an N2+ 5 pct H2 gas atmosphere with a dew point of -60 °C. The thin-film oxides formed on the surface of the Sn-added CMnSi TRIP steel were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and 3-dimensional atom probe tomography. The addition of Sn (≥0.05 wt pct) changed the morphology of the xMnO·SiO2 surface oxides from a continuous film morphology to a lens-shaped island morphology. It also suppressed the formation of the Mn-rich oxides of MnO and 2MnO·SiO2. The changes in the morphology and chemistry of the surface oxides were clearly related to the surface segregation of Sn, which appeared to result in a decrease of the oxygen permeability at the surface. The formation of lens-shaped oxides improved the wettability of the CMnSi TRIP steel surface by the molten Zn. The improved wetting effect was attributed to an increased area fraction of the surface where the oxide layer was thinner. This enabled a direct, unhindered reaction between Fe and the Al in the liquid Zn and the formation of the inhibition layer in the initial stages of the hot dipping. The addition of a small amount of Sn was also found to decrease significantly the density of Zn-coating defects on CMnSi TRIP steel.

They go straight home – don’t they? Using global positioning systems to assess adolescent school-travel patterns

PubMed Central

Voss, Christine; Winters, Meghan; Frazer, Amanda D.; McKay, Heather A.

2015-01-01

Background Active travel to school is a potential source of physical activity for adolescents, but its assessments often rely on assumptions around travel patterns. Global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometry provide an objective assessment of physical activity from school-travel and the context in which it occurs (where, when, how long). Purpose To describe school-travel patterns of adolescents and to compare estimates of physical activity during the hour before/after school – a commonly used proxy for school-travel time – with physical activity accrued during school trips identified through GPS (‘GPS-trips’). Methods Adolescents (n=49, 13.3±0.7 years, 37% female) from Downtown Vancouver wore an accelerometer (GT3X+) and GPS (Qstarz) for 7 days (October 2012). Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the hour before/after school and during GPS-trips were calculated for the n=130 school-trips made by 43 students. We used multilevel linear regression to assess the association between MVPA during GPS-trips and MVPA during the hour/before school. Results Only 55% of school-trips were from/to home and within the hour before/after school (‘normal’). Estimates of MVPA during the hour before/after school were higher than during GPS-trips (12.0 vs. 8.0 min). On average, MVPA during GPS-trips was linearly associated with MVPA during the hour before/after school, suggesting that physical activity levels during the hour before/after school are broadly reflective of physical activity from school-travel. Conclusion GPS and accelerometry provide context-rich information relating to school-travel. The hour before/after school may – on average – provide a simple means to crudely estimate physical activity from school-travel when GPS are not available. PMID:26793437

Exposure to ultrafine particles and PM 2.5 in four Sydney transport modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knibbs, Luke D.; de Dear, Richard J.

2010-08-01

Concentrations of ultrafine (<0.1 μm) particles (UFPs) and PM 2.5 (<2.5 μm) were measured whilst commuting along a similar route by train, bus, ferry and automobile in Sydney, Australia. One trip on each transport mode was undertaken during both morning and evening peak hours throughout a working week, for a total of 40 trips. Analyses comprised one-way ANOVA to compare overall (i.e. all trips combined) geometric mean concentrations of both particle fractions measured across transport modes, and assessment of both the correlation between wind speed and individual trip means of UFPs and PM 2.5, and the correlation between the two particle fractions. Overall geometric mean concentrations of UFPs and PM 2.5 ranged from 2.8 (train) to 8.4 (bus) × 10 4 particles cm -3 and 22.6 (automobile) to 29.6 (bus) μg m -3, respectively, and a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.001) between modes was found for both particle fractions. Individual trip geometric mean concentrations were between 9.7 × 10 3 (train) and 2.2 × 10 5 (bus) particles cm -3 and 9.5 (train) to 78.7 (train) μg m -3. Estimated commuter exposures were variable, and the highest return trip mean PM 2.5 exposure occurred in the ferry mode, whilst the highest UFP exposure occurred during bus trips. The correlation between fractions was generally poor, and in keeping with the duality of particle mass and number emissions in vehicle-dominated urban areas. Wind speed was negatively correlated with, and a generally poor determinant of, UFP and PM 2.5 concentrations, suggesting a more significant role for other factors in determining commuter exposure.

Linking GPS and travel diary data using sequence alignment in a study of children's independent mobility

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Global positioning systems (GPS) are increasingly being used in health research to determine the location of study participants. Combining GPS data with data collected via travel/activity diaries allows researchers to assess where people travel in conjunction with data about trip purpose and accompaniment. However, linking GPS and diary data is problematic and to date the only method has been to match the two datasets manually, which is time consuming and unlikely to be practical for larger data sets. This paper assesses the feasibility of a new sequence alignment method of linking GPS and travel diary data in comparison with the manual matching method. Methods GPS and travel diary data obtained from a study of children's independent mobility were linked using sequence alignment algorithms to test the proof of concept. Travel diaries were assessed for quality by counting the number of errors and inconsistencies in each participant's set of diaries. The success of the sequence alignment method was compared for higher versus lower quality travel diaries, and for accompanied versus unaccompanied trips. Time taken and percentage of trips matched were compared for the sequence alignment method and the manual method. Results The sequence alignment method matched 61.9% of all trips. Higher quality travel diaries were associated with higher match rates in both the sequence alignment and manual matching methods. The sequence alignment method performed almost as well as the manual method and was an order of magnitude faster. However, the sequence alignment method was less successful at fully matching trips and at matching unaccompanied trips. Conclusions Sequence alignment is a promising method of linking GPS and travel diary data in large population datasets, especially if limitations in the trip detection algorithm are addressed. PMID:22142322

Outbursts formation on low carbon and trip steel grades during hot-dip galvanisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petit, E. J.; Lamm, L.; Gilles, M.

2004-12-01

Low carbon and TRIP grade steels have been hot dip galvanised in order to study outbursts formation. Microstructure and texture of intermetallic phases have been observed after selective electrochemical etching by scanning electron microscopy. Potential versus time (chronopotentiometric) characteristics were recorded in order to monitor surface modifications. This combination of techniques enable to quantify and observe intermetallic phase one by one. The overall thickness of coating on both substrates are similar. However, microstructures of Fe-Zn intermetallic phases are very different on both grades. In particular, the V phase is dense on standard steel but develops a highly branched filament structure on TRIP steel. The transformation of V phase to d and G1 are limited on TRIP steel. Differences of texture provide clues for understanding mechanisms of formation of outbursts. They can account for the differences of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Silicon from the substrate influences the reactivity of TRIP steels due to capping and local reactions. La formation des outbursts a été étudiée sur un acier bas carbone et sur un acier TRIP galvanisés. Les épaisseurs des revêtements sont similaires. Néanmoins, les observations microscopiques et les érosions électrochimiques montrent que la répartition des phases intermétalliques et leurs microstructures diffèrent sensiblement en fonction de la nature du substrat. Ces différences expliquent les propriétés mécaniques et anticorrosions. L’encapsulation de la surface par les oxydes de silicium freine la transformation de la phase dzêta en delta et gamma sur l’acier TRIP.

Bringing Grand Canyon to the College Campus: Assessment of Student Learning in the Geosciences Through Virtual Field Trip Games for Mobile Smart-Devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bursztyn, N.; Walker, A.; Shelton, B.; Pederson, J. L.

2015-12-01

Geoscience educators have long considered field trips to be the most effective way of attracting students into the discipline. A solution for bringing student-driven, engaging, kinesthetic field experiences to a broader audience lies in ongoing advances in mobile-communication technology. This NSF-TUES funded project developed three virtual field trip experiences for smartphones and tablets (on geologic time, geologic structures, and hydrologic processes), and then tested their performance in terms of student interest in geoscience as well as gains in learning. The virtual field trips utilize the GPS capabilities of smartphones and tablets, requiring the students to navigate outdoors in the real world while following a map on their smart device. This research, involving 873 students at five different college campuses, used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple regression for statistical methods. Gains in learning across all participants are minor, and not statistically different between intervention and control groups. Predictors of gains in content comprehension for all three modules are the students' initial interest in the subject and their base level knowledge. For the Geologic Time and Structures modules, being a STEM major is an important predictor of student success. Most pertinent for this research, for Geologic Time and Hydrologic Processes, gains in student learning can be predicted by having completed those particular virtual field trips. Gender and race had no statistical impact, indicating that the virtual field trip modules have broad reach across student demographics. In related research, these modules have been shown to increase student interest in the geosciences more definitively than the learning gains here. Thus, future work should focus on improving the educational impact of mobile-device field trips, as their eventual incorporation into curricula is inevitable.

Built environment attributes related to GPS measured active trips in mid-life and older adults with mobility disabilities.

PubMed

Gell, Nancy M; Rosenberg, Dori E; Carlson, Jordan; Kerr, Jacqueline; Belza, Basia

2015-04-01

Understanding factors which may promote walking in mid-life and older adults with mobility impairments is key given the association between physical activity and positive health outcomes. To examine the relationship between active trips and objective measures of the home neighborhood built environment. Global positioning systems (GPS) data collected on 28 adults age 50+ with mobility disabilities were analyzed for active trips from home. Objective and geographic information systems (GIS) derived measures included Walk Score, population density, street connectivity, crime rates, and slope within the home neighborhood. For this cross-sectional observational study, we conducted mean comparisons between participants who took active trips from home and those who did not for the objective measures. Effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of group differences. Nine participants (32%) took active trips from home. Walking in the home neighborhood was significantly associated with GIS derived measures (Walk Score, population density, and street density; effect sizes 0.9-1.2). Participants who used the home neighborhood for active trips had less slope within 1 km of home but the difference was not significant (73.5 m ± 22 vs. 100.8 m ± 38.1, p = 0.06, d = 0.8). There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores for crime rates between those with active trips from home and those without. The findings provide preliminary evidence that more walkable environments promote active mobility among mid-life and older adults with mobility disabilities. The data suggest that this population can and does use active transportation modes when the built environment is supportive. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of a theoretically-based judgment and decision making intervention for adolescents.

PubMed

Knight, Danica K; Dansereau, Donald F; Becan, Jennifer E; Rowan, Grace A; Flynn, Patrick M

2015-05-01

Although adolescents demonstrate capacity for rational decision making, their tendency to be impulsive, place emphasis on peers, and ignore potential consequences of their actions often translates into higher risk-taking including drug use, illegal activity, and physical harm. Problems with judgment and decision making contribute to risky behavior and are core issues for youth in treatment. Based on theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive science, the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP) represents a curriculum-based decision making intervention that can be easily inserted into a variety of content-oriented modalities as well as administered as a separate therapeutic course. The current study examined the effectiveness of TRIP for promoting better judgment among 519 adolescents (37 % female; primarily Hispanic and Caucasian) in residential substance abuse treatment. Change over time in decision making and premeditation (i.e., thinking before acting) was compared among youth receiving standard operating practice (n = 281) versus those receiving standard practice plus TRIP (n = 238). Change in TRIP-specific content knowledge was examined among clients receiving TRIP. Premeditation improved among youth in both groups; TRIP clients showed greater improvement in decision making. TRIP clients also reported significant increases over time in self-awareness, positive-focused thinking (e.g., positive self-talk, goal setting), and recognition of the negative effects of drug use. While both genders showed significant improvement, males showed greater gains in metacognitive strategies (i.e., awareness of one's own cognitive process) and recognition of the negative effects of drug use. These results suggest that efforts to teach core thinking strategies and apply/practice them through independent intervention modules may benefit adolescents when used in conjunction with content-based programs designed to change problematic behaviors.

Effectiveness of a Theoretically-Based Judgment and Decision Making Intervention for Adolescents

PubMed Central

Knight, Danica K.; Dansereau, Donald F.; Becan, Jennifer E.; Rowan, Grace A.; Flynn, Patrick M.

2014-01-01

Although adolescents demonstrate capacity for rational decision making, their tendency to be impulsive, place emphasis on peers, and ignore potential consequences of their actions often translates into higher risk-taking including drug use, illegal activity, and physical harm. Problems with judgment and decision making contribute to risky behavior and are core issues for youth in treatment. Based on theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive science, the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP) represents a curriculum-based decision making intervention that can be easily inserted into a variety of content-oriented modalities as well as administered as a separate therapeutic course. The current study examined the effectiveness of TRIP for promoting better judgment among 519 adolescents (37% female; primarily Hispanic and Caucasian) in residential substance abuse treatment. Change over time in decision making and premeditation (i.e., thinking before acting) was compared among youth receiving standard operating practice (n = 281) versus those receiving standard practice plus TRIP (n = 238). Change in TRIP-specific content knowledge was examined among clients receiving TRIP. Premeditation improved among youth in both groups; TRIP clients showed greater improvement in decision making. TRIP clients also reported significant increases over time in self-awareness, positive-focused thinking (e.g., positive self-talk, goal setting), and recognition of the negative effects of drug use. While both genders showed significant improvement, males showed greater gains in metacognitive strategies (i.e., awareness of one’s own cognitive process) and recognition of the negative effects of drug use. These results suggest that efforts to teach core thinking strategies and apply/practice them through independent intervention modules may benefit adolescents when used in conjunction with content-based programs designed to change problematic behaviors. PMID:24760288

Experiencing Churches as Spiritual and Religious Places: A Study on Children's Emotions in Church Buildings during Scholastic Field Trips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kindermann, Katharina; Riegel, Ulrich

2018-01-01

Going on a field trip to the church, pupils can experience lived religion. But how do they feel during such a church visit? In this paper, we analyse statements of 516 German third graders (about 8 years old) made after they had visited their local church on a field trip. Using affective schema theory, we develop a conceptual model of emotions in…

Field trip method as an effort to reveal student environmental literacy on biodiversity issue and context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rijal, M.; Saefudin; Amprasto

2018-05-01

Field trip method through investigation of local biodiversity cases can give educational experiences for students. This learning activity was efforts to reveal students environmental literacy on biodiversity. The aim of study were (1) to describe the activities of students get information about the biodiversity issue and its context through field trip, (2) to describe the students findings during field trip, and (3) to reveal students environmental literacy based on pre test and post test. The research method used weak-experiment and involved 34 participants at senior high school students in Bandung-Indonesia. The research instruments for collecting data were environmental literacy test, observation sheets and questionnaire sheets for students. The analysis of data was quantitative descriptive. The results show that more than 79% of the students gave positive view for each field trip activity, i.e students activity during work (97%-100%); students activity during gather information (79%- 100%); students activity during exchange information with friend (82%-100%); and students interested to Biodiversity after field trip activity (85%-100%). Students gain knowledge about the diversity of animal vertebrate and its characteristics, the status and condition of animals, and the source of animal with the cases of animal diversity. The students environmental literacy tends to be moderate level based on test. Meanwhile, the average of the attitudes and action greater than the components of knowledge and cognitive skills.

An economic way of reducing health, environmental, and other pressures of urban traffic: a decision analysis on trip aggregation

PubMed Central

Tuomisto, Jouni T; Tainio, Marko

2005-01-01

Background Traffic congestion is rapidly becoming the most important obstacle to urban development. In addition, traffic creates major health, environmental, and economical problems. Nonetheless, automobiles are crucial for the functions of the modern society. Most proposals for sustainable traffic solutions face major political opposition, economical consequences, or technical problems. Methods We performed a decision analysis in a poorly studied area, trip aggregation, and studied decisions from the perspective of two different stakeholders, the passenger and society. We modelled the impact and potential of composite traffic, a hypothetical large-scale demand-responsive public transport system for the Helsinki metropolitan area, where a centralised system would collect the information on all trip demands online, would merge the trips with the same origin and destination into public vehicles with eight or four seats, and then would transmit the trip instructions to the passengers' mobile phones. Results We show here that in an urban area with one million inhabitants, trip aggregation could reduce the health, environmental, and other detrimental impacts of car traffic typically by 50–70%, and if implemented could attract about half of the car passengers, and within a broad operational range would require no public subsidies. Conclusion Composite traffic provides new degrees of freedom in urban decision-making in identifying novel solutions to the problems of urban traffic. PMID:16309549

Modulation of thalamocortical oscillations by TRIP8b, an auxiliary subunit for HCN channels.

PubMed

Zobeiri, Mehrnoush; Chaudhary, Rahul; Datunashvili, Maia; Heuermann, Robert J; Lüttjohann, Annika; Narayanan, Venu; Balfanz, Sabine; Meuth, Patrick; Chetkovich, Dane M; Pape, Hans-Christian; Baumann, Arnd; van Luijtelaar, Gilles; Budde, Thomas

2018-04-01

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels have important functions in controlling neuronal excitability and generating rhythmic oscillatory activity. The role of tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b) in regulation of hyperpolarization-activated inward current, I h , in the thalamocortical system and its functional relevance for the physiological thalamocortical oscillations were investigated. A significant decrease in I h current density, in both thalamocortical relay (TC) and cortical pyramidal neurons was found in TRIP8b-deficient mice (TRIP8b -/- ). In addition basal cAMP levels in the brain were found to be decreased while the availability of the fast transient A-type K + current, I A , in TC neurons was increased. These changes were associated with alterations in intrinsic properties and firing patterns of TC neurons, as well as intrathalamic and thalamocortical network oscillations, revealing a significant increase in slow oscillations in the delta frequency range (0.5-4 Hz) during episodes of active-wakefulness. In addition, absence of TRIP8b suppresses the normal desynchronization response of the EEG during the switch from slow-wave sleep to wakefulness. It is concluded that TRIP8b is necessary for the modulation of physiological thalamocortical oscillations due to its direct effect on HCN channel expression in thalamus and cortex and that mechanisms related to reduced cAMP signaling may contribute to the present findings.

Automatic recloser circuit breaker integrated with GSM technology for power system notification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lada, M. Y.; Khiar, M. S. A.; Ghani, S. A.; Nawawi, M. R. M.; Rahim, N. H.; Sinar, L. O. M.

2015-05-01

Lightning is one type of transient faults that usually cause the circuit breaker in the distribution board trip due to overload current detection. The instant tripping condition in the circuit breakers clears the fault in the system. Unfortunately most circuit breakers system is manually operated. The power line will be effectively re-energized after the clearing fault process is finished. Auto-reclose circuit is used on the transmission line to carry out the duty of supplying quality electrical power to customers. In this project, an automatic reclose circuit breaker for low voltage usage is designed. The product description is the Auto Reclose Circuit Breaker (ARCB) will trip if the current sensor detects high current which exceeds the rated current for the miniature circuit breaker (MCB) used. Then the fault condition will be cleared automatically and return the power line to normal condition. The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system will send SMS to the person in charge if the tripping occurs. If the over current occurs in three times, the system will fully trip (open circuit) and at the same time will send an SMS to the person in charge. In this project a 1 A is set as the rated current and any current exceeding a 1 A will cause the system to trip or interrupted. This system also provides an additional notification for user such as the emergency light and warning system.

78 FR 15969 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-13

... Western Hemisphere Affairs, National Security Council. [ssquf] Report from trip to Guatemala. PORTIONS TO.... [ssquf] Report from trip to Guatemala. CONTACT PERSON FOR MORE INFORMATION: Mara Q. Campbell, Associate...

Meta-analytic Evaluation of a Virtual Field Trip to Connect Middle School Students with University Scientists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adedokun, Omolola A.; Liu, Jia; Parker, Loran Carleton; Burgess, Wilella

2015-02-01

Although virtual field trips are becoming popular, there are few empirical studies of their impacts on student outcomes. This study reports on a meta-analytic evaluation of the impact of a virtual field trip on student perceptions of scientists. Specifically, the study examined the summary effect of zipTrips broadcasts on evaluation participants' perceptions of scientists, as well as the moderating effect of program type on program impact. The results showed statistically significant effect of each broadcast, as well as statistically significant summary (combined) effect of zipTrips on evaluation participants' perceptions of scientists. Results of the moderation analysis showed that the effect was greater for the students that participated in the evaluation of the 8th grade broadcasts, providing additional insight into the role of program variation in predicting differential program impact. This study illustrates how meta-analysis, a methodology that should be of interest to STEM education researchers and evaluation practitioners, can be used to summarize the effects of multiple offerings of the same program. Other implications for STEM educators are discussed.

Optimal one-way and roundtrip journeys design by mixed-integer programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ribeiro, Isabel M.; Vale, Cecília

2017-12-01

The introduction of multimodal/intermodal networks in transportation problems, especially when considering roundtrips, adds complexity to the models. This article presents two models for the optimization of intermodal trips as a contribution to the integration of transport modes in networks. The first model is devoted to one-way trips while the second one is dedicated to roundtrips. The original contribution of this research to transportation is mainly the consideration of roundtrips in the optimization process of intermodal transport, especially because the transport mode between two nodes on the return trip should be the same as the one on the outward trip if both nodes are visited on the return trip, which is a valuable aspect for transport companies. The mathematical formulations of both models leads to mixed binary linear programs, which is not a common approach for this type of problem. In this article, as well as the model description, computational experience is included to highlight the importance and efficiency of the proposed models, which may provide a valuable tool for transport managers.

2009 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2010-04-14

During the 2009 calendar year, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Program for external and internal radiation protection. LLNL also provided technical expertise related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2009, there were 159 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 159 person-trips, 149 person-trips were SMVs and 10 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. There were 4 monitoring visits by TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIE and 10 to UEIE itself. LLNL's Hazard Control Departmentmore » laboratories provided the dosimetry services for the HEU Transparency monitors. In 2009, the HEU Transparency activities in Russia were conducted in a radiologically safe manner for the HEU Transparency monitors in accordance with the expectations of the HEU Transparency staff, NNSA and DOE. The HEU Transparency Program now has over fifteen years of successful experience in developing and providing health and safety support in meeting its technical objectives.« less

TripSense: A Trust-Based Vehicular Platoon Crowdsensing Scheme with Privacy Preservation in VANETs

PubMed Central

Hu, Hao; Lu, Rongxing; Huang, Cheng; Zhang, Zonghua

2016-01-01

In this paper, we propose a trust-based vehicular platoon crowdsensing scheme, named TripSense, in VANET. The proposed TripSense scheme introduces a trust-based system to evaluate vehicles’ sensing abilities and then selects the more capable vehicles in order to improve sensing results accuracy. In addition, the sensing tasks are accomplished by platoon member vehicles and preprocessed by platoon head vehicles before the data are uploaded to server. Hence, it is less time-consuming and more efficient compared with the way where the data are submitted by individual platoon member vehicles. Hence it is more suitable in ephemeral networks like VANET. Moreover, our proposed TripSense scheme integrates unlinkable pseudo-ID techniques to achieve PM vehicle identity privacy, and employs a privacy-preserving sensing vehicle selection scheme without involving the PM vehicle’s trust score to keep its location privacy. Detailed security analysis shows that our proposed TripSense scheme not only achieves desirable privacy requirements but also resists against attacks launched by adversaries. In addition, extensive simulations are conducted to show the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed scheme. PMID:27258287

Structural basis for the mutual antagonism of cAMP and TRIP8b in regulating HCN channel function

PubMed Central

Saponaro, Andrea; Pauleta, Sofia R.; Cantini, Francesca; Matzapetakis, Manolis; Hammann, Christian; Donadoni, Chiara; Hu, Lei; Thiel, Gerhard; Banci, Lucia; Santoro, Bina; Moroni, Anna

2014-01-01

cAMP signaling in the brain mediates several higher order neural processes. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels directly bind cAMP through their cytoplasmic cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD), thus playing a unique role in brain function. Neuronal HCN channels are also regulated by tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b), an auxiliary subunit that antagonizes the effects of cAMP by interacting with the channel CNBD. To unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual regulation of HCN channel activity by cAMP/TRIP8b, we determined the NMR solution structure of the HCN2 channel CNBD in the cAMP-free form and mapped on it the TRIP8b interaction site. We reconstruct here the full conformational changes induced by cAMP binding to the HCN channel CNBD. Our results show that TRIP8b does not compete with cAMP for the same binding region; rather, it exerts its inhibitory action through an allosteric mechanism, preventing the cAMP-induced conformational changes in the HCN channel CNBD. PMID:25197093

Exploration of spatio-temporal patterns of students' movement in field trip by visualizing the log data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Nahye; Kang, Youngok

2018-05-01

A numerous log data in addition to user input data are being generated as mobile and web users continue to increase recently, and the studies in order to explore the patterns and meanings of various movement activities by making use of these log data are also rising rapidly. On the other hand, in the field of education, people have recognized the importance of field trip as the creative education is highlighted. Also, the examples which utilize the mobile devices in the field trip in accordance to the development of information technology are growing. In this study, we try to explore the patterns of student's activity by visualizing the log data generated from high school students' field trip with mobile device.

Round-trip mission requirements for Asteroids 1976 AA and 1973 EC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Niehoff, J. C.

1977-01-01

The feasibility of manned or unmanned missions to two recently discovered asteroids is assessed. Characteristics of a likely target for a round-trip exploratory excursion include: a period close to one year; and an orbit that is nearly circular and nearly coplanar with the ecliptic. Mass requirements and optimal times of launch are investigated for unmanned and manned missions to Asteroids 1976 AA and 1973 EC (recently numbered 1943); 365-day round-trip trajectories in the first half of the 1990s are proposed. However, since neither of the two targets considered entirely fulfills all the necessary orbital characteristics, neither can offer the opportunity for a fast low-energy round-trip mission; nevertheless, other minor planets crossing earth's orbit may be found to meet the requirements.

Functional design criteria for interim stabilization safety class 1 trip circuit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larson, R.E., Westinghouse Hanford

1996-06-10

This Functional Design Criteria document outlines the basic requirements for the Safety Class 1 Trip Circuit. The objective of the Safety Class 1 Trip Circuit is to isolate the power circuitry to the Class 1 Division 2, Group B or lesser grade electrically fed loads located in the pump pit. The electrically fed load circuits need to have power isolated to them upon receipt of the following conditions, loss of flammable gases being released (above a predetermined threshold), and seismic(greater than 0.12g acceleration) activity. The two circuits requiring power isolation are the pump and heat trace power circuits. The Safetymore » Class 1 Trip Circuit will be used to support salt well pumping in SST`s containing potentially flammable gas-bearing / gas-producing radioactive waste.« less

Impact of the World Trade Organization TRIPS agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand.

PubMed Central

Supakankunti, S.; Janjaroen, W. S.; Tangphao, O.; Ratanawijitrasin, S.; Kraipornsak, P.; Pradithavanij, P.

2001-01-01

The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in relation to the following: purchasers; prescribers and dispensers; producers; products; price control; patent-to-third-party; parallel imports; power of the customer; patentable new drugs; personnel; and prevention policies. The following TRIPS provisions are pertinent to the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand: the limited term of product and process patents; the conditions of protection; and the broad scope for compulsory licensing and enforcement procedures in the national patent system. PMID:11417042

Short-Term Medical Service Trips: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Short-term medical service trips (MSTs) aim to address unmet health care needs of low- and middle-income countries. The lack of critically reviewed empirical evidence of activities and outcomes is a concern. Developing evidence-based recommendations for health care delivery requires systematic research review. I focused on MST publications with empirical results. Searches in May 2013 identified 67 studies published since 1993, only 6% of the published articles on the topic in the past 20 years. Nearly 80% reported on surgical trips. Although the MST field is growing, its medical literature lags behind, with nearly all of the scholarly publications lacking significant data collection. By incorporating data collection into service trips, groups can validate practices and provide information about areas needing improvement. PMID:24832401

Deep vein thrombosis

MedlinePlus

... in 1 position for too long, such as plane travel Family history of blood clots Fractures in ... doctor prescribed. Moving your legs often during long plane trips, car trips, and other situations in which ...

CMV matrices in random matrix theory and integrable systems: a survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nenciu, Irina

2006-07-01

We present a survey of recent results concerning a remarkable class of unitary matrices, the CMV matrices. We are particularly interested in the role they play in the theory of random matrices and integrable systems. Throughout the paper we also emphasize the analogies and connections to Jacobi matrices.

Basal Cell Carcinoma With Matrical Differentiation: Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Biological Study of 22 Cases.

PubMed

Kyrpychova, Liubov; Carr, Richard A; Martinek, Petr; Vanecek, Tomas; Perret, Raul; Chottová-Dvořáková, Magdalena; Zamecnik, Michal; Hadravsky, Ladislav; Michal, Michal; Kazakov, Dmitry V

2017-06-01

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with matrical differentiation is a fairly rare neoplasm, with about 30 cases documented mainly as isolated case reports. We studied a series of this neoplasm, including cases with an atypical matrical component, a hitherto unreported feature. Lesions coded as BCC with matrical differentiation were reviewed; 22 cases were included. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using antibodies against BerEp4, β-catenin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Molecular genetic studies using Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 by massively parallel sequencing on Ion Torrent PGM were performed in 2 cases with an atypical matrical component (1 was previously subjected to microdissection to sample the matrical and BCC areas separately). There were 13 male and 9 female patients, ranging in age from 41 to 89 years. Microscopically, all lesions manifested at least 2 components, a BCC area (follicular germinative differentiation) and areas with matrical differentiation. A BCC component dominated in 14 cases, whereas a matrical component dominated in 4 cases. Matrical differentiation was recognized as matrical/supramatrical cells (n=21), shadow cells (n=21), bright red trichohyaline granules (n=18), and blue-gray corneocytes (n=18). In 2 cases, matrical areas manifested cytologic atypia, and a third case exhibited an infiltrative growth pattern, with the tumor metastasizing to a lymph node. BerEP4 labeled the follicular germinative cells, whereas it was markedly reduced or negative in matrical areas. The reverse pattern was seen with β-catenin. EMA was negative in BCC areas but stained a proportion of matrical/supramatrical cells. Genetic studies revealed mutations of the following genes: CTNNB1, KIT, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4, ERBB4, and PTCH1, with some differences between the matrical and BCC components. It is concluded that matrical differentiation in BCC in most cases occurs as multiple foci. Rare neoplasms manifest atypia in the matrical areas. Immunohistochemical analysis for BerEP4, EMA, and β-catenin can be helpful in limited biopsy specimens. From a molecular biological prospective, BCC and matrical components appear to share some of the gene mutations but have differences in others, but this observation must be validated in a large series.

Determining Virtual Environment "Fit": The Relationship between Navigation Style in a Virtual Field Trip, Student Self-Reported Desire to Visit the Field Trip Site in the Real World, and the Purposes of Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tutwiler, M. Shane; Lin, Ming-Chao; Chang, Chun-Yen

2013-01-01

In this study, a follow-up analysis of the data reported in Lin et al. ("Learn Media Technol." doi: 10.1080/17439884.2011.629660 , 2011), we investigated the relationship between student use of a virtual field trip (VFT) system and the probability of students reporting wanting to visit the national park site upon which the VFT was modeled,…

50 CFR Table 3 (north) to Part 660... - Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears North of 40°10′ N. Lat.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears North of 40°10â² N. Lat. 3 Table 3 (North) to Part 660, Subpart F...) to Part 660, Subpart F—Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears...

50 CFR Table 3 (south) to Part 660... - Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears South of 40°10′ N. Lat.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears South of 40°10â² N. Lat. 3 Table 3 (South) to Part 660, Subpart F...) to Part 660, Subpart F—Non-Trawl Rockfish Conservation Areas and Trip Limits for Open Access Gears...

University Students as Leaders for Field Trips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Jack L.; Troxel, Verne A.

1979-01-01

Describes a laboratory school environmental science program that utilizes university students of all majors to develop and teach lessons for field trips. Activities include water analysis and stream gradient determination. (MA)

46 CFR 62.35-20 - Oil-fired main boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... to prevent pocketing and explosive accumulations of combustible gases. (iii) The burner igniter must... of automatic detection of unsafe trip conditions. (h) Burner safety trip control system. (1) Each...

46 CFR 62.35-20 - Oil-fired main boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... to prevent pocketing and explosive accumulations of combustible gases. (iii) The burner igniter must... of automatic detection of unsafe trip conditions. (h) Burner safety trip control system. (1) Each...

46 CFR 62.35-20 - Oil-fired main boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to prevent pocketing and explosive accumulations of combustible gases. (iii) The burner igniter must... of automatic detection of unsafe trip conditions. (h) Burner safety trip control system. (1) Each...

46 CFR 62.35-20 - Oil-fired main boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... to prevent pocketing and explosive accumulations of combustible gases. (iii) The burner igniter must... of automatic detection of unsafe trip conditions. (h) Burner safety trip control system. (1) Each...

46 CFR 62.35-20 - Oil-fired main boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... to prevent pocketing and explosive accumulations of combustible gases. (iii) The burner igniter must... of automatic detection of unsafe trip conditions. (h) Burner safety trip control system. (1) Each...

The Institutional Tour: Some Reflections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LeUnes, Arnold

1984-01-01

A rationale for using field trips to correctional institutions in an abnormal psychology class is presented. Also discussed are reasons why, over the years, student interest in these field trips has declined. (RM)

A Brief Historical Introduction to Matrices and Their Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Debnath, L.

2014-01-01

This paper deals with the ancient origin of matrices, and the system of linear equations. Included are algebraic properties of matrices, determinants, linear transformations, and Cramer's Rule for solving the system of algebraic equations. Special attention is given to some special matrices, including matrices in graph theory and electrical…

Laminin active peptide/agarose matrices as multifunctional biomaterials for tissue engineering.

PubMed

Yamada, Yuji; Hozumi, Kentaro; Aso, Akihiro; Hotta, Atsushi; Toma, Kazunori; Katagiri, Fumihiko; Kikkawa, Yamato; Nomizu, Motoyoshi

2012-06-01

Cell adhesive peptides derived from extracellular matrix components are potential candidates to afford bio-adhesiveness to cell culture scaffolds for tissue engineering. Previously, we covalently conjugated bioactive laminin peptides to polysaccharides, such as chitosan and alginate, and demonstrated their advantages as biomaterials. Here, we prepared functional polysaccharide matrices by mixing laminin active peptides and agarose gel. Several laminin peptide/agarose matrices showed cell attachment activity. In particular, peptide AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT)/agarose matrices promoted strong cell attachment and the cell behavior depended on the stiffness of agarose matrices. Fibroblasts formed spheroid structures on the soft AG73/agarose matrices while the cells formed a monolayer with elongated morphologies on the stiff matrices. On the stiff AG73/agarose matrices, neuronal cells extended neuritic processes and endothelial cells formed capillary-like networks. In addition, salivary gland cells formed acini-like structures on the soft matrices. These results suggest that the peptide/agarose matrices are useful for both two- and three-dimensional cell culture systems as a multifunctional biomaterial for tissue engineering. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transit Reliability Information Program Participants Guidelines

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-03-01

The document provides guidelines for participation in the Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP). TRIP is a government-initiated program designed to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit equipment reliability data. TR...

Radiation Measurements During Trip From Earth to Mars

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-05-30

This graphic shows the level of natural radiation detected by the Radiation Assessment Detector shielded inside NASA Mars Science Laboratory on the trip from Earth to Mars from December 2011 to July 2012.

Water Works.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van De Walle, Carol

1988-01-01

Describes a two-day field trip, along with follow-up classroom activities and experiments which relate to water resources and water quality. Discusses how trips to a lake and water treatment facilities can enhance appreciation of water. (TW)

Field-trip guide to the southeastern foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in Santa Clara County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stoffer, Philip W.; Messina, Paula

2002-01-01

This field trip is an introduction to the geology of the southeastern foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in southern Santa Clara County. Seven stops include four short hikes to access rock exposures and views of the foothills east of Loma Prieta Peak between Gilroy and San José. Field-trip destinations highlight the dominant rock types of the "Franciscan assemblage" including outcrops of serpentinite, basalt, limestone, ribbon chert, graywacke sandstone, and shale. General discussions include how the rocks formed, and how tectonism and stream erosion have changed the landscape through time. All field trip stops are on public land; most are near reservoir dams of the Santa Clara Valley Water District. In addition, stops include examination of an Ohlone Indian heritage site and the New Almaden Mining Museum.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goff, F.E.; Bolivar, S.L.

This field trip guide has been compiled from extensive field trips led at Los Alamos National Laboratory during the past six years. The original version of this guide was designed to augment a workshop on the Valles Caldera for the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP). This workshop was held at Los Alamos, New Mexico, 5-7 October 1982. More stops were added to this guide to display the volcanic and geothermal features at the Valles Caldera. The trip covers about 90 miles (one way) and takes two days to complete; however, those who wish to compress the trip into one daymore » are advised to use the designated stops listed in the Introduction. Valles Caldera and vicinity comprise both one of the most exciting geothermal areas in the United States and one of the best preserved Quaternary caldera complexes in the world.« less

Integer programming model for optimizing bus timetable using genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wihartiko, F. D.; Buono, A.; Silalahi, B. P.

2017-01-01

Bus timetable gave an information for passengers to ensure the availability of bus services. Timetable optimal condition happened when bus trips frequency could adapt and suit with passenger demand. In the peak time, the number of bus trips would be larger than the off-peak time. If the number of bus trips were more frequent than the optimal condition, it would make a high operating cost for bus operator. Conversely, if the number of trip was less than optimal condition, it would make a bad quality service for passengers. In this paper, the bus timetabling problem would be solved by integer programming model with modified genetic algorithm. Modification was placed in the chromosomes design, initial population recovery technique, chromosomes reconstruction and chromosomes extermination on specific generation. The result of this model gave the optimal solution with accuracy 99.1%.

Round-Trip System Available to Measure Path Length Variation in Korea VLBI System for Geodesy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oh, Hongjong; Kondo, Tetsuro; Lee, Jinoo; Kim, Tuhwan; Kim, Myungho; Kim, Suchul; Park, Jinsik; Ju, Hyunhee

2010-01-01

The construction project of Korea Geodetic VLBI officially started in October 2008. The construction of all systems will be completed by the end of 2011. The project was named Korea VLBI system for Geodesy (KVG), and its main purpose is to maintain the Korea Geodetic Datum. In case of the KVG system, an observation room with an H-maser frequency standard is located in a building separated from the antenna by several tens of meters. Therefore KVG system will adopt a so-called round-trip system to transmit reference signals to the antenna with reduction of the effect of path length variations. KVG s round-trip system is designed not only to use either metal or optical fiber cables, but also to measure path length variations directly. We present this unique round trip system for KVG.

The Search for Braddock's Caldera-Guidebook for Colorado Scientific Society Fall 2008 Field Trip, Never Summer Mountains, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cole, James C.; Larson, Ed; Farmer, Lang; Kellogg, Karl S.

2008-01-01

The report contains the illustrated guidebook that was used for the fall field trip of the Colorado Scientific Society on September 6-7, 2008. It summarizes new information about the Tertiary geologic history of the northern Front Range and the Never Summer Mountains, particularly the late Oligocene volcanic and intrusive rocks designated the Braddock Peak complex. Minor modifications were made in response to technical reviews by D.J. Lidke and C.A. Ruleman (U.S. Geological Survey) regarding clarity and consistency, and text editing by M.A. Kidd. However, the text remains essentially similar to the guidebook that was circulated to the participants on the Colorado Scientific Society 2008 field trip. Several notes were added following the trip (as indicated) to address developments since the guidebook was written.

Explainers' development of science-learner identities through participation in a community of practice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richardson, Anne E.

The urgent environmental issues of today require science-literate adults to engage in business and political decisions to create solutions. Despite the need, few adults have the knowledge and skills of science literacy. This doctoral dissertation is an analytical case study examining the science-learner identity development of Exploratorium Field Trip Explainers. Located in San Francisco, CA, the Exploratorium is a museum of science, art, and human perception dedicated to nurturing curiosity and exploration. Data collected included semi-structured interviews with sixteen former Field Trip Explainers, participant observation of the current Field Trip Explainer Program, and review of relevant documentation. Data analysis employed constant comparative analysis, guided by the communities of practice theoretical framework (Wenger, 1998) and the National Research Council's (2009) Six Strands of Science Learning. Findings of this research indicate that Exploratorium Field Trip Explainers participate in a community of practice made up of a diverse group of people that values curiosity and openness to multiple ways of learning. Many participants entered the Field Trip Explainer Program with an understanding of science learning as a rigid process reserved for a select group of people; through participation in the Field Trip Explainer community of practice, participants developed an understanding of science learning as accessible and a part of everyday life. The findings of this case study have implications for research, theory, and practice in informal adult science learning, access of non-dominant groups to science learning, and adult workplace learning in communities of practice.

LIFT: special needs transportation in Portland, Oregon. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cooper, T.

1979-08-01

The Portland Special Needs Transportation Demonstration, the LIFT, is a project in which Tri-Met (the regional transit authority), in coordination with local social service agencies, provides door-to-door transportation service to eligible handicapped and elderly clients on an advance-reservation basis. Eligibility for the LIFT service was based upon a functional (rather than clinical) definition of transportation handicap - a person was considered eligible for the service if they had difficulty performing certain functions that were necessary in riding a fixed-route bus, e.g., reading directions, standing for more than 10 minutes, moving in crowds, etc. A fleet of 15 lift-equipped buses ismore » operated by Tri-Met, supplemented by transportation provided through a Tri-Met contract with local private providers, i.e., taxis. Fares are $3.00 per trip for agency-affiliated passengers, with the $3.00 paid by the sponsoring agency, and $.50 per trip for eligible general passengers, with the fare paid by the passenger. This report covers the two years of the demonstration, from December 1976 to December 1978. During this time, the LIFT project experienced gradual but steady growth in terms of client registration and trips delivered. As of December 1978 the Lift system was providing 370 trips per day; 18% of these trips were by LIFT-sponsored taxis and 17% of all trips were taken by persons using a wheelchair. This report documents a number of conclusions regarding the LIFT demonstration.« less

Analysis of Trajectory Parameters for Probe and Round-Trip Missions to Venus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dugan, James F., Jr.; Simsic, Carl R.

1960-01-01

For one-way transfers between Earth and Venus, charts are obtained that show velocity, time, and angle parameters as functions of the eccentricity and semilatus rectum of the Sun-focused vehicle conic. From these curves, others are obtained that are useful in planning one-way and round-trip missions to Venus. The analysis is characterized by circular coplanar planetary orbits, successive two-body approximations, impulsive velocity changes, and circular parking orbits at 1.1 planet radii. For round trips the mission time considered ranges from 65 to 788 days, while wait time spent in the parking orbit at Venus ranges from 0 to 467 days. Individual velocity increments, one-way travel times, and departure dates are presented for round trips requiring the minimum total velocity increment. For both single-pass and orbiting Venusian probes, the time span available for launch becomes appreciable with only a small increase in velocity-increment capability above the minimum requirement. Velocity-increment increases are much more effective in reducing travel time for single-pass probes than they are for orbiting probes. Round trips composed of a direct route along an ellipse tangent to Earth's orbit and an aphelion route result in the minimum total velocity increment for wait times less than 100 days and mission times ranging from 145 to 612 days. Minimum-total-velocity-increment trips may be taken along perihelion-perihelion routes for wait times ranging from 300 to 467 days. These wait times occur during missions lasting from 640 to 759 days.

Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential

USGS Publications Warehouse

Scanlon, Bridget R.; Andraski, Brian J.; Bilskie, Jim; Dane, Jacob H.; Topp, G. Clarke

2002-01-01

A variety of techniques to measure matric potential or water potential in the laboratory and in the field are described in this section. The techniques described herein require equilibration of some medium whose matric or water potential can be determined from previous calibration or can be measured directly. Under equilibrium conditions the matric or water potential of the medium is equal to that of the soil. The techniques can be divided into: (i) those that measure matric potential and (ii) those that measure water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potentials). Matric potential is determined when the sensor matrix is in direct contact with the soil, so salts are free to diffuse in or out of the sensor matrix, and the equilibrium measurement therefore reflects matric forces acting on the water. Water potential is determined when the sensor is separated from the soil by a vapor gap, so salts are not free to move in or out of the sensor, and the equilibrium measurement reflects the sum of the matric and osmotic forces acting on the water.Seven different techniques are described in this section. Those that measure matric potential include (i) heat dissipation sensors, (ii) electrical resistance sensors, (iii) frequency domain and time domain sensors, and (iv) electro-optical switches. A method that can be used to measure matric potential or water potential is the (v) filter paper method. Techniques that measure water potential include (vi) the Dew Point Potentiameter (Decagon Devices, Inc., Pullman, WA1) (water activity meter) and (vii) vapor equilibration.The first four techniques are electronically based methods for measuring matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors infer matric potential from previously determined calibration relations between sensor heat dissipation or electrical resistance and matric potential. Frequency-domain and timedomain matric potential sensors measure water content, which is related to matric potential of the sensor through calibration. Electro-optical switches measure changes in light transmission through thin, nylon filters as they absorb or desorb water in response to changes in matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors are used primarily in the field to provide information on matric potential. Frequency domain matric potential sensors are new and have not been widely used. Time domain matric potential sensors and electro-optical switches are new and have not been commercialized. For the fifth technique, filter paper is used as the standard matrix. The filter paper technique measures matric potential when the filter paper is in direct contact with soil or water potential when separated from soil by a vapor gap. The Dew Point Potentiameter calculates water potential from the measured dew point and sample temperature. The vapor equilibration technique involves equilibration of soil samples with salt solutions of known osmotic potential. The filter paper, Dew Point Potentiameter, and vapor equilibration techniques are generally used in the laboratory to measure water potential of disturbed field samples or to measure water potential for water retention functions.

Geology and coastal hazards in the northern Monterey Bay, California: field trip guidebook, November 4, 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hapke, Cheryl

2000-01-01

The purpose of this field trip is to explore the relationships between local geology, coastal hazards, and human influences in the northern Monterey Bay, which is a tectonically active high wave energy coastal environment. Seacliffs, shore platforms, pocket beaches and a headland/embayment morphology characterize this rocky coastline. Many studies of the onshore and offshore geology and geophysics, the local wave climate, and the effects of large storm events and earthquakes on the coastline have been conducted in this region (see Related Reading section). This field trip summarizes many of the findings of these research investigations, and also considers the relationship between the rates and styles of seacliff erosion and the variations in the local geology. The field trip stops allow the participant to examine seacliff sites of different geological lithologies, geographic orientations, and varying protection from wave attack, and consider how these variables affect not only the rate or magnitude of seacliff retreat but also the styles of retreat. In general the two primary forcing factors in the retreat of seacliffs are marine and terrestrial processes. At the various field trip stops, the relative importance of these processes in shaping the coastline at that particular location will be explored. Where beaches have developed, whether naturally or by emplacement of man-made structures, field trip stops are designed to look at the occurrence of the beaches (why they exist where they do) and to understand the response of the beaches to large storm events. Finally, this trip focuses on the various coastline protection structures that have been built in the area, and their effectiveness in protecting development on the beaches or at the tops of the seacliffs. The first stop of the trip is the Long Marine Lab facility where the seacliffs are composed of the most resistant geological unit in the area, the Miocene Santa Cruz Mudstone. This stop also includes discussion of some of the interesting geological features associated with this part of the Bay, including the arches at Natural Bridges State Beach. The field trip stops are progressively east and south, moving into the inner Monterey Bay, as well as into the less resistant lithologies of the late Miocene to Pliocene Purisima Formation, and finally the Pleistocene Aromas Sand. The route will follow the coast wherever possible so participants can get a full perspective of the northern Monterey Bay coastline, even where stops have not been planned.

Travel patterns during pregnancy: comparison between Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and questionnaire data

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are strongly influenced by time spent near traffic. However, little is known about women’s travel activities during pregnancy and whether questionnaire-based data can provide reliable information on travel patterns during pregnancy. Objectives Examine women’s in-vehicle travel behavior during pregnancy and examine the difference in travel data collected by questionnaire and global positioning system (GPS) and their potential for exposure error. Methods We measured work-related travel patterns in 56 pregnant women using a questionnaire and one-week GPS tracking three times during pregnancy (<20 weeks, 20–30 weeks, and >30 weeks of gestation). We compared self-reported activities with GPS-derived trip distance and duration, and examined potentially influential factors that may contribute to differences. We also described in-vehicle travel behavior by pregnancy periods and influences of demographic and personal factors on daily travel times. Finally, we estimated personal exposure to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PB-PAH) and examined the magnitude of exposure misclassification using self-reported vs. GPS travel data. Results Subjects overestimated both trip duration and trip distance compared to the GPS data. We observed moderately high correlations between self-reported and GPS-recorded travel distance (home to work trips: r = 0.88; work to home trips: r = 0.80). Better agreement was observed between the GPS and the self-reported travel time for home to work trips (r = 0.77) than work to home trips (r = 0.64). The subjects on average spent 69 and 93 minutes traveling in vehicles daily based on the GPS and self-reported data, respectively. Longer daily travel time was observed among participants in early pregnancy, and during certain pregnancy periods in women with higher education attainment, higher income, and no children. When comparing self-reported vs. GPS data, we found that estimated personal exposure to PB-PAH did not differ remarkably at the population level, but the difference was large at an individual level. Conclusion Self-reported home-to-work data overestimated both trip duration and trip distance compared to GPS data. Significant differences in PAH exposure estimates were observed at individual level using self-reported vs. GPS data, which has important implications in air pollution epidemiological studies. PMID:24107241

The impact of public transportation strikes on use of a bicycle share program in London: interrupted time series design.

PubMed

Fuller, Daniel; Sahlqvist, Shannon; Cummins, Steven; Ogilvie, David

2012-01-01

To investigate the immediate and sustained effects of two London Underground strikes on use of a public bicycle share program. An interrupted time series design was used to examine the impact of two 24 hour strikes on the total number of trips per day and mean trip duration per day on the London public bicycle share program. The strikes occurred on September 6th and October 4th 2010 and limited service on the London Underground. The mean total number of trips per day over the whole study period was 14,699 (SD=5390) while the mean trip duration was 18.5 minutes (SD=3.7). Significant increases in daily trip count were observed following strike 1 (3864: 95% CI 125 to 7604) and strike 2 (11,293: 95% CI 5169 to 17,416). Events that greatly constrain the primary motorised mode of transportation for a population may have unintended short-term effects on travel behaviour. These findings suggest that limiting transportation options may have the potential to increase population levels of physical activity by promoting the use of cycling. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Using Mobile Devices to Connect Teachers and Museum Educators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delen, Ibrahim; Krajcik, Joseph

2017-06-01

The use of mobile devices is increasing rapidly as a potential tool for science teaching. In this study, five educators (three middle school teachers and two museum educators) used a mobile application that supported the development of a driving question. Previous studies have noted that teachers make little effort to connect learning experiences between classrooms and museums, and few studies have focused on creating connections between teachers and museum educators. In this study, teachers and museum educators created an investigation together by designing a driving question in conjunction with the research group before field trips. During field trips, students collected their own data using iPods or iPads to take pictures or record videos of the exhibits. When students returned to the school, they used the museum data with their peers as they tried to answer the driving question. After completing the field trips, five educators were interviewed to investigate their experiences with designing driving questions and using mobile devices. Besides supporting students in data collection during the field trip, using mobile devices helped teachers to get the museum back to the classroom. Designing the driving question supported museum educators and teachers to plan the field trip collaboratively.

A robust and high-performance queue management controller for large round trip time networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khoshnevisan, Ladan; Salmasi, Farzad R.

2016-05-01

Congestion management for transmission control protocol is of utmost importance to prevent packet loss within a network. This necessitates strategies for active queue management. The most applied active queue management strategies have their inherent disadvantages which lead to suboptimal performance and even instability in the case of large round trip time and/or external disturbance. This paper presents an internal model control robust queue management scheme with two degrees of freedom in order to restrict the undesired effects of large and small round trip time and parameter variations in the queue management. Conventional approaches such as proportional integral and random early detection procedures lead to unstable behaviour due to large delay. Moreover, internal model control-Smith scheme suffers from large oscillations due to the large round trip time. On the other hand, other schemes such as internal model control-proportional integral and derivative show excessive sluggish performance for small round trip time values. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a system entailing two individual controllers for queue management and disturbance rejection, simultaneously. Simulation results based on Matlab/Simulink and also Network Simulator 2 (NS2) demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure and verify the analytical approach.

2011 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R

2012-04-30

During the 2008 calendar year, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Program for external and internal radiation protection. They also provided technical expertise related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2008, there were 158 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 158 person-trips, 148 person-trips were SMVs and 10 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. There were 6 monitoring visits by TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIE and 8 to UEIE itself. There were three monitoringmore » visits (source changes) that were back-to-back with a total of 24 monitors. LLNL's Hazard Control Department laboratories provided the dosimetry services for the HEU Transparency monitors. In 2008, the HEU Transparency activities in Russia were conducted in a radiologically safe manner for the HEU Transparency monitors in accordance with the expectations of the HEU Transparency staff, NNSA and DOE. The HEU Transparency now has thirteen years of successful experience in developing and providing health and safety support in meeting its technical objectives.« less

2008 Annual Health Physics Report for the HEU Transparency Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radev, R.

2009-03-24

During the 2008 calendar year, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provided health physics support for the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Program for external and internal radiation protection. They also provided technical expertise related to BDMS radioactive sources and Russian radiation safety regulatory compliance. For the calendar year 2008, there were 158 person-trips that required dose monitoring of the U.S. monitors. Of the 158 person-trips, 148 person-trips were SMVs and 10 person-trips were Transparency Monitoring Office (TMO) trips. There were 6 monitoring visits by TMO monitors to facilities other than UEIE and 8 to UEIE itself. There were three monitoringmore » visits (source changes) that were back-to-back with a total of 24 monitors. LLNL’s Hazard Control Department laboratories provided the dosimetry services for the HEU Transparency monitors. In 2008, the HEU Transparency activities in Russia were conducted in a radiologically safe manner for the HEU Transparency monitors in accordance with the expectations of the HEU Transparency staff, NNSA and DOE. The HEU Transparency now has thirteen years of successful experience in developing and providing health and safety support in meeting its technical objectives.« less

The good field trip: How elementary students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds learn science, art, and technology at a museum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martell, Sandra Toro

The Good Field Trip is a study that uses an ethnographic approach to answer the question of what learning looks like during a field trip to a museum. The study uses the Contextual Model of Learning (Falk & Dierking, 2000) to investigate elementary students' personal, physical, and sociocultural contexts of learning as well as how time affects students' thoughts and feelings about the experience. The author accompanied a group of eight students on a three and a half day camp-like experience to a museum that promotes environmental stewardship and the integration of art, science, and technology use and learning. The author videotaped the students' conversations and experiences and interviewed students before, during, and after the trip. Analyses of the videotapes were supplemented with student documents, including comic books, journal notes, and reflective essays about the trip. Findings include that not all experiences are marked as science, art, and technology; technology use does not occur; art is presented in a more formalized manner than science, which is composed of observation and the acquisition of knowledge about plants and animals; and conversations and activities resemble traditional modes of learning in school settings.

3-D Stall Cell Inducement Using Static Trips on a NACA0015 Airfoil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dell'Orso, Haley; Amitay, Michael

2015-11-01

Stall cells typically occur at high angles of attack and moderate to high Reynolds numbers (105 to 106) , which are applicable to High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) vehicles. Under certain conditions stall cells can form abruptly and have a severe and detrimental impact on flight. In order to better understand this phenomenon, stall cell formation is studied using oil flow visualization and SPIV on a NACA0015 airfoil with AR = 2.67. It was shown that there is a critical Reynolds number above which stall cells begin to form, and that Recrit varies with angle of attack. Zig-zag tape and balsa wood trips were used to induce stall cells at lower Reynolds numbers than they would otherwise be present. This will aid in understanding the formation mechanism of these cells. It was also demonstrated that, in the case of full span trips, stall cells are induced by the 3-D nature of zig-zag trips and did not appear when balsa wood trips were used. This suggests that the formation of the stall cell might be due to 3-D disturbances that are naturally present in a flow field. AFOSR Grant Number FA9550-13-1-0059.

Genetic code, hamming distance and stochastic matrices.

PubMed

He, Matthew X; Petoukhov, Sergei V; Ricci, Paolo E

2004-09-01

In this paper we use the Gray code representation of the genetic code C=00, U=10, G=11 and A=01 (C pairs with G, A pairs with U) to generate a sequence of genetic code-based matrices. In connection with these code-based matrices, we use the Hamming distance to generate a sequence of numerical matrices. We then further investigate the properties of the numerical matrices and show that they are doubly stochastic and symmetric. We determine the frequency distributions of the Hamming distances, building blocks of the matrices, decomposition and iterations of matrices. We present an explicit decomposition formula for the genetic code-based matrix in terms of permutation matrices, which provides a hypercube representation of the genetic code. It is also observed that there is a Hamiltonian cycle in a genetic code-based hypercube.

Ambient Temperature, Fuel Economy, Emissions, and Trip Length

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-08-01

This report examines the relationship among automotive fuel economy, ambient temperature, cold-start trip length, and drive-train component temperatures of four 1977 vehicles. Fuel economy, exhaust emission, and drive-train temperatures were measured...

ODOT research news : fall quarter 2003.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

The ODOT Research News includes : 1) the announcement of the 2004 Northwest Transportation Conference (NWTC). 2) Truck trip data collection study project focus on identify the most promising truck trip data collection methods for metropolitan areas a...

Multi-modal trip planning system : Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

This report evaluates the Multi-Modal Trip Planner System (MMTPS) implemented by the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) against the specific functional objectives enumerated by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) in it...

Critical incident management guidelines

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-07-01

The public transportation network in the United States includes 508 bus and rail agencies and 15 commuter railroads providing 22 million trips daily, 8 billion trips annually. These agencies employ almost 300,000 people and provide approximately 41 b...

Truck trip generation data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The increased importance of truck activity in both transportation engineering and planning : has created a need for truck-oriented analytical tools. A particular planning need is for trip : generation data that can be used to estimate truck traffic p...

Notes for Brazil sampling frame evaluation trip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horvath, R. (Principal Investigator); Hicks, D. R. (Compiler)

1981-01-01

Field notes describing a trip conducted in Brazil are presented. This trip was conducted for the purpose of evaluating a sample frame developed using LANDSAT full frame images by the USDA Economic and Statistics Service for the eventual purpose of cropland production estimation with LANDSAT by the Foreign Commodity Production Forecasting Project of the AgRISTARS program. Six areas were analyzed on the basis of land use, crop land in corn and soybean, field size and soil type. The analysis indicated generally successful use of LANDSAT images for purposes of remote large area land use stratification.

Route Type Determination Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brett Stone

2011-09-01

According to the 2009 National Household Travel Survey 44.4 percent of all miles travelled by Americans in 2009 (including airplanes, trains, boats, golf carts, subways, bikes, etc.) were travelled in cars. If vans, SUV's and pickup trucks are included, that level increases to 86 percent. We do a lot of travelling on the road in personal vehicles - it's important to be able to understand how we get there and how to rate the fuel economy of our trips. An essential part of this is knowing how to decide if a trip is a city or highway trip.

A food-borne outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis, Austria, 2008.

PubMed

Kuo, Hung-Wei; Kasper, Sabine; Jelovcan, Sandra; Höger, Gerda; Lederer, Ingeborg; König, Christoph; Pridnig, Gerda; Luckner-Hornischer, Anita; Allerberger, Franz; Schmid, Daniela

2009-01-01

We report on the first foodborne outbreak of Shigella sonnei described in Austria. On July 14 2008, AGES was informed of a cluster of 22 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with S. sonnei restricted to public health district X in the province of Salzburg. All cases had attended a youth-group trip to a small village in the province of Tyrol from July 7 to July 9. An outbreak case among the trip participants was a person who (1) attended the trip and (2) fell ill with diarrhea in the period between July 8 and July 12. Among the 61 trip participants, 42 fitted the outbreak case definition, including 31 culture-confirmed cases. A household outbreak case was a person who (1) did not participate in the trip, (2) fell ill with diarrhea not before July 10 and (3) had household contact with an outbreak case between one and three days before onset of illness. Of the 11 household outbreak cases, 10 were tested by stool culture and four of these had a laboratory-confirmed S. sonnei infection. In addition, one of the two hostel staff tested positive for S. sonnei. All 36 isolates were biotype gl, lysotype 12, and were indistinguishable from each other by PFGE. A cohort study among the trip participants revealed a risk ratio of 2.71 for consumption of salad (on at least 1 of the 3 days of the trip) (95% CI: 1.38-5.32, P = 0.004). Among the 42cases, 34 could be explained by consumption of salad. The landlady of the hostel, who prepared the salad with bare hands, was a carrier and was assumed to be the source of contamination of the salad. Without proper epidemiological analytical investigation of this shigellosis outbreak, its association with food consumption would not have been identified.

Trip-specific training enhances recovery after large postural disturbances for which there is NO expectation.

PubMed

Oludare, Simisola O; Pater, Mackenzie L; Rosenblatt, Noah J; Grabiner, Mark D

2018-03-01

Informed consent usually provides foreknowledge of experimental methods that can potentially increase expectation of stimuli and, therefore, influence the response. We determined the effects of increased expectation and trip-specific training on the recovery response following a treadmill-delivered, trip-specific disturbance. To deliver unexpected disturbances, subjects were deceived during the informed consent process. The primary hypothesis was that the recovery response following an expected postural disturbance would be characterized by trunk kinematics that have been shown to decrease the likelihood of a fall, compared to following an unexpected postural disturbance. We further hypothesized that following an unexpected postural disturbance, the recovery response of the subjects who had completed a trip-specific training protocol would be more biomechanically favorable to recovery compared to those of subjects who had not received the training. Young adults were randomized into Untrained or Trained groups. During the informed consent process, the purpose of the study was explained to subjects in both groups as being to determine the effect of trip-specific training on postural sway while performing an attention-demanding task. Untrained subjects completed two trials during which they minimized their postural sway. During the second trial, an unexpected disturbance was delivered while they performed the attention-demanding task. Trained subjects performed a pre-training postural sway trial, followed by the delivery of a series of expected, training disturbances. Finally, an unexpected disturbance was delivered while they minimized postural sway and performed the attention-demanding task. Expectation significantly improved trunk kinematics (p < .05). In addition, participation in the trip-specific training protocol following the unexpected disturbance the trunk kinematics of the Trained subjects were more biomechanically favorable to recovery than those of the Untrained subjects (p < .01). Improved trunk kinematics following trip-specific training may be independent of the extent to which the disturbance is expected. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A fundamental study revisited: Quantitative evidence for territory quality in oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) using GPS data loggers.

PubMed

Schwemmer, Philipp; Weiel, Stefan; Garthe, Stefan

2017-01-01

A fundamental study by Ens et al. (1992, Journal of Animal Ecology , 61, 703) developed the concept of two different nest-territory qualities in Eurasian oystercatchers ( Haematopus ostralegus , L.), resulting in different reproductive successes. "Resident" oystercatchers use breeding territories close to the high-tide line and occupy adjacent foraging territories on mudflats. "Leapfrog" oystercatchers breed further away from their foraging territories. In accordance with this concept, we hypothesized that both foraging trip duration and trip distance from the high-tide line to the foraging territory would be linearly related to distance between the nest site and the high tide line. We also expected tidal stage and time of day to affect this relationship. The former study used visual observations of marked oystercatchers, which could not be permanently tracked. This concept model can now be tested using miniaturized GPS devices able to record data at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Twenty-nine oystercatchers from two study sites were equipped with GPS devices during the incubation periods (however, not during chick rearing) over 3 years, providing data for 548 foraging trips. Trip distances from the high-tide line were related to distance between the nest and high-tide line. Tidal stage and time of day were included in a mixing model. Foraging trip distance, but not duration (which was likely more impacted by intake rate), increased with increasing distance between the nest and high-tide line. There was a site-specific effect of tidal stage on both trip parameters. Foraging trip duration, but not distance, was significantly longer during the hours of darkness. Our findings support and additionally quantify the previously developed concept. Furthermore, rather than separating breeding territory quality into two discrete classes, this classification should be extended by the linear relationship between nest-site and foraging location. Finally, oystercatcher's foraging territories overlapped strongly in areas of high food abundance.

Planning a pharmacy-led medical mission trip, part 4: an exploratory study of student experiences.

PubMed

Brown, Dana A; Fairclough, Jamie L; Ferrill, Mary J

2012-09-01

At the Gregory School of Pharmacy (GSOP), pharmacy students routinely participate in domestic and international medical mission trips. Participation can be for academic credit as part of final-year Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) or as required community service hours. These mission experiences could potentially result in both professional and personal transformations for participating students. To evaluate data collected from GSOP pharmacy students regarding their experiences on the medical mission field in 2011 and how that participation has impacted the students professionally and personally. GSOP students participating in an international or domestic medical mission trip in the summer of 2011 were asked to voluntarily complete pre- and posttrip surveys. Of the 68 final-year APPE students and student volunteers who participated in a summer 2011 GSOP medical mission trip, 36 (53%) completed pre- and posttrip surveys. The mission trips significantly impacted students' beliefs regarding better preparation to care for the medical needs of patients, identification of others' needs, understanding team dynamics, perceptions about the value of patient care, and comfort level with the provision of medical and pharmaceutical care in a foreign country. However, there were no statistically significant improvements in students' perceptions of their ability to care for the emotional needs of patients, the importance of team unity, and their level of respect for team members; their ability to lead or participate in future trips; and their belief that participating preceptors and faculty serve as effective role models of servant leaders. Based on the findings from this exploratory study, participation in a domestic or international medical mission trip as a student volunteer or APPE student appears to have a positive impact on some of the beliefs and perceptions of GSOP students. By continuing to follow these particular students and similar cohorts of students in the future, further insight may be gained regarding the long-term impact of medical mission experiences during pharmacy school training.

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip.

PubMed

Wright, Rachel L; Peters, Derek M; Robinson, Paul D; Watt, Thomas N; Hollands, Mark A

2015-01-01

Studying the relationships between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure (COP) during walking has been shown to be useful in determining movement stability. The aim of the current study was to compare COM-COP separation measures during walking between groups of older adults with no history of falling, and a history of falling due to tripping or slipping. Any differences between individuals who have fallen due to a slip and those who have fallen due to a trip in measures of dynamic balance could potentially indicate differences in the mechanisms responsible for falls. Forty older adults were allocated into groups based on their self-reported fall history during walking. The non-faller group had not experienced a fall in at least the previous year. Participants who had experienced a fall were split into two groups based on whether a trip or slip resulted in the fall(s). A Vicon system was used to collect full body kinematic trajectories. Two force platforms were used to measure ground reaction forces. The COM was significantly further ahead of the COP at heel strike for the trip (14.3 ± 2.7 cm) and slip (15.3 ± 1.1 cm) groups compared to the non-fallers (12.0 ± 2.7 cm). COM was significantly further behind the COP at foot flat for the slip group (-14.9 ± 3.6 cm) compared to the non-fallers (-10.3 ± 3.9 cm). At mid-swing, the COM of the trip group was ahead of the COP (0.9 ± 1.6 cm), whereas for the slip group the COM was behind the COP (-1.2 ± 2.2 cm). These results show identifiable differences in dynamic balance control of walking between older adults with a history of tripping or slipping and non-fallers. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cell-adhesive RGD peptide-displaying M13 bacteriophage/PLGA nanofiber matrices for growth of fibroblasts.

PubMed

Shin, Yong Cheol; Lee, Jong Ho; Jin, Linhua; Kim, Min Jeong; Oh, Jin-Woo; Kim, Tai Wan; Han, Dong-Wook

2014-01-01

M13 bacteriophages can be readily fabricated as nanofibers due to non-toxic bacterial virus with a nanofiber-like shape. In the present study, we prepared hybrid nanofiber matrices composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and M13 bacteriophages which were genetically modified to display the RGD peptide on their surface (RGD-M13 phage). The surface morphology and chemical composition of hybrid nanofiber matrices were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to investigate the existence of M13 bacteriophages in RGD-M13 phage/PLGA hybrid nanofibers. In addition, the attachment and proliferation of three different types of fibroblasts on RGD-M13 phage/PLGA nanofiber matrices were evaluated to explore how fibroblasts interact with these matrices. SEM images showed that RGD-M13 phage/PLGA hybrid matrices had the non-woven porous structure, quite similar to that of natural extracellular matrices, having an average fiber diameter of about 190 nm. Immunofluorescence images and Raman spectra revealed that RGD-M13 phages were homogeneously distributed in entire matrices. Moreover, the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts cultured on RGD-M13 phage/PLGA matrices were significantly enhanced due to enriched RGD moieties on hybrid matrices. These results suggest that RGD-M13 phage/PLGA matrices can be efficiently used as biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Bayes linear covariance matrix adjustment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilkinson, Darren J.

1995-12-01

In this thesis, a Bayes linear methodology for the adjustment of covariance matrices is presented and discussed. A geometric framework for quantifying uncertainties about covariance matrices is set up, and an inner-product for spaces of random matrices is motivated and constructed. The inner-product on this space captures aspects of our beliefs about the relationship between covariance matrices of interest to us, providing a structure rich enough for us to adjust beliefs about unknown matrices in the light of data such as sample covariance matrices, exploiting second-order exchangeability and related specifications to obtain representations allowing analysis. Adjustment is associated with orthogonal projection, and illustrated with examples of adjustments for some common problems. The problem of adjusting the covariance matrices underlying exchangeable random vectors is tackled and discussed. Learning about the covariance matrices associated with multivariate time series dynamic linear models is shown to be amenable to a similar approach. Diagnostics for matrix adjustments are also discussed.

Archives and records

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This study examines data regularly maintained by the AATA for evidence of AOS impact. These data include on-time performance, bus trips broken because of maintenance or other incidents, time lost due to broken trips, on-road incidents and passenger c...

1988/1989 household travel survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-07-01

The primary objectives of this study were to provide the data: (1) : to update the trip generation rates used in the Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) travel demand forecasting process, and; (2) to validate the MAG trip distribution model. Th...

Contextual influences on trip generation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This study examines the ways in which urban context affects vehicle trip generation rates across a variety of land uses. An establishment intercept travel survey was administered at 78 establishments in the Portland, Oregon region during the summer o...

Trip generation data collection in urban areas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

There is currently limited data on urban, multimodal trip generation at the individual site level. This lack of : data limits the ability of transportation agencies to assess development impacts on the transportation system : in urban and multimodal ...

Regional warehouse trip production analysis : Chicago metro area, September, 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-01

This research report provides primary research data and analysis on heavy truck trip generation and characteristics from regional : distribution centers (RDC) and similar facilities in an effort to facilitate future public policy making regarding roa...

Senior travelers' trip chaining behavior : survey results and data analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

The research team conducted a survey of travel and activity scheduling behavior to better understand senior : citizens trip chaining behavior in the Chicago metropolitan areas most populous counties. The team used an : internet-based, prompted ...

Positive feedback : exploring current approaches in iterative travel demand model implementation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

Currently, the models that TxDOTs Transportation Planning and Programming Division (TPP) developed are : traditional three-step models (i.e., trip generation, trip distribution, and traffic assignment) that are sequentially : applied. A limitation...

Overview for geologic field-trip guides to Mount Mazama, Crater Lake Caldera, and Newberry Volcano, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bacon, Charles R.; Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M.; Jensen, Robert A.; Wright, Heather M.

2017-08-16

These field-trip guides were written for the occasion of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) quadrennial scientific assembly in Portland, Oregon, in August 2017. The guide to Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera is an updated and expanded version of the guide (Bacon, 1989) for part of an earlier IAVCEI trip to the southern Cascade Range. The guide to Newberry Volcano describes the stops included in the 2017 field trip. Crater Lake and Newberry are the two best-preserved and most recent calderas in the Cascades Volcanic Arc. Although located in different settings in the arc, with Crater Lake on the arc axis and Newberry in the rear-arc, both volcanoes are located at the intersection of the arc and the northwest corner region of the extensional Basin and Range Province.

Interstitial atoms enable joint twinning and transformation induced plasticity in strong and ductile high-entropy alloys.

PubMed

Li, Zhiming; Tasan, Cemal Cem; Springer, Hauke; Gault, Baptiste; Raabe, Dierk

2017-01-12

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multiple principle elements provide an avenue for realizing exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties. We report a novel strategy for designing a new class of HEAs incorporating the additional interstitial element carbon. This results in joint activation of twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity (TWIP and TRIP) by tuning the matrix phase's instability in a metastable TRIP-assisted dual-phase HEA. Besides TWIP and TRIP, such alloys benefit from massive substitutional and interstitial solid solution strengthening as well as from the composite effect associated with its dual-phase structure. Nanosize particle formation and grain size reduction are also utilized. The new interstitial TWIP-TRIP-HEA thus unifies all metallic strengthening mechanisms in one material, leading to twice the tensile strength compared to a single-phase HEA with similar composition, yet, at identical ductility.

[Essential medicines and the TRIPS Agreement: collision between the right to health and intellectual property rights].

PubMed

Allard Soto, Raúl

2015-03-01

The strengthening of pharmaceutical patent protection globally puts strains on access to essential medicines. According to the present paper, this process has led to the collision of the intellectual property rights adopted in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and the right to health stated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Several controversies disputed in the WTO illustrate the confrontation between countries with a powerful pharmaceutical industry and the interests of developing countries. It is concluded that the TRIPS-plus rules subscribed to by developing countries in free trade agreements which give the pharmaceutical patent holder more rights than those stipulated in the original TRIPS Agreement are incompatible with the obligations to provide access to essential medicines under the right to health of the ICESCR.

Mode, load, and specific climate impact from passenger trips.

PubMed

Borken-Kleefeld, Jens; Fuglestvedt, Jan; Berntsen, Terje

2013-07-16

The climate impact from a long-distance trip can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy. In this paper we compare the specific climate impact of long-distance car travel with coach, train, or air trips. We account for both, CO2 emissions and short-lived climate forcers. This particularly affects the ranking of aircraft's climate impact relative to other modes. We calculate the specific impact for the Global Warming Potential and the Global Temperature Change Potential, considering time horizons between 20 and 100 years, and compare with results accounting only for CO2 emissions. The car's fuel efficiency and occupancy are central whether the impact from a trip is as high as from air travel or as low as from train travel. These results can be used for carbon-offsetting schemes, mode choice and transportation planning for climate mitigation.

Method and apparatus for optimizing a train trip using signal information

DOEpatents

Kumar, Ajith Kuttannair; Daum, Wolfgang; Otsubo, Tom; Hershey, John Erik; Hess, Gerald James

2014-06-10

A system is provided for operating a railway network including a first railway vehicle during a trip along track segments. The system includes a first element for determining travel parameters of the first railway vehicle, a second element for determining travel parameters of a second railway vehicle relative to the track segments to be traversed by the first vehicle during the trip, a processor for receiving information from the first and the second elements and for determining a relationship between occupation of a track segment by the second vehicle and later occupation of the same track segment by the first vehicle and an algorithm embodied within the processor having access to the information to create a trip plan that determines a speed trajectory for the first vehicle. The speed trajectory is responsive to the relationship and further in accordance with one or more operational criteria for the first vehicle.

Valuing river characteristics using combined site choice and participation travel cost models.

PubMed

Johnstone, C; Markandya, A

2006-08-01

This paper presents new welfare measures for marginal changes in river quality in selected English rivers. The river quality indicators used include chemical, biological and habitat-level attributes. Economic values for recreational use of three types of river-upland, lowland and chalk-are presented. A survey of anglers was carried out and using these data, two travel cost models were estimated, one to predict the numbers of trips and the other to predict angling site choice. These models were then linked to estimate the welfare associated with marginal changes in river quality using the participation levels as estimated in the trip prediction model. The model results showed that higher flow rates, biological quality and nutrient pollution levels affect site choice and influence the likelihood of a fishing trip. Consumer surplus values per trip for a 10% change in river attributes range from pound 0.04 to pound 3.93 ( pound 2001) depending on the attribute.

Texture developed during deformation of Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhargava, M.; Shanta, C.; Asim, T.; Sushil, M.

2015-04-01

Automotive industry is currently focusing on using advanced high strength steels (AHSS) due to its high strength and formability for closure applications. Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel is promising material for this application among other AHSS. The present work is focused on the microstructure development during deformation of TRIP steel sheets. To mimic complex strain path condition during forming of automotive body, Limit Dome Height (LDH) tests were conducted and samples were deformed in servo hydraulic press to find the different strain path. FEM Simulations were done to predict different strain path diagrams and compared with experimental results. There is a significant difference between experimental and simulation results as the existing material models are not applicable for TRIP steels. Micro texture studies were performed on the samples using EBSD and X-RD techniques. It was observed that austenite is transformed to martensite and texture developed during deformation had strong impact on limit strain and strain path.

Interstitial atoms enable joint twinning and transformation induced plasticity in strong and ductile high-entropy alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhiming; Tasan, Cemal Cem; Springer, Hauke; Gault, Baptiste; Raabe, Dierk

2017-01-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multiple principle elements provide an avenue for realizing exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties. We report a novel strategy for designing a new class of HEAs incorporating the additional interstitial element carbon. This results in joint activation of twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity (TWIP and TRIP) by tuning the matrix phase’s instability in a metastable TRIP-assisted dual-phase HEA. Besides TWIP and TRIP, such alloys benefit from massive substitutional and interstitial solid solution strengthening as well as from the composite effect associated with its dual-phase structure. Nanosize particle formation and grain size reduction are also utilized. The new interstitial TWIP-TRIP-HEA thus unifies all metallic strengthening mechanisms in one material, leading to twice the tensile strength compared to a single-phase HEA with similar composition, yet, at identical ductility.

An Analytic Approximation to Very High Specific Impulse and Specific Power Interplanetary Space Mission Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Craig Hamilton

1995-01-01

A simple, analytic approximation is derived to calculate trip time and performance for propulsion systems of very high specific impulse (50,000 to 200,000 seconds) and very high specific power (10 to 1000 kW/kg) for human interplanetary space missions. The approach assumed field-free space, constant thrust/constant specific power, and near straight line (radial) trajectories between the planets. Closed form, one dimensional equations of motion for two-burn rendezvous and four-burn round trip missions are derived as a function of specific impulse, specific power, and propellant mass ratio. The equations are coupled to an optimizing parameter that maximizes performance and minimizes trip time. Data generated for hypothetical one-way and round trip human missions to Jupiter were found to be within 1% and 6% accuracy of integrated solutions respectively, verifying that for these systems, credible analysis does not require computationally intensive numerical techniques.

Driver fatigue during extended rail operations.

PubMed

Jay, Sarah M; Dawson, Drew; Ferguson, Sally A; Lamond, Nicole

2008-09-01

Relay is an effective mode of freight transportation within Australia. Relay requires two crews to drive the train continuously from one specified destination to another and return with crews working in alternating shifts. The aim of the current investigation was to assess fatigue levels during extended relay operations. Nine drivers participated and data were collected from 16 four-day trips. Fatigue was assessed objectively and subjectively prior to and following each trip and before and after each 8h shift. Analyses revealed a trend for elevated fatigue at the end of each shift. Designated 8h rest periods appeared sufficient to reduce fatigue to levels recorded prior to departure and prevent accumulation of fatigue across the trip. Drivers seemed to cope well with the 8h rotating sleep/wake regime. While fatigue did not observably accumulate, it is possible that operational measures may better reflect fatigue experienced over the course of each trip.

A Journalist's View From the Bottom of the Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, R.

2003-12-01

Each year, a few journalists travel to Antarctica under the aegis of the National Science Foundation, to report about research at the ends of the earth. National Public Radio science correspondent Richard Harris took that trip in November, 2000. Listeners, readers and viewers are fascinated by exotic locales, so a trip to the ice provides an ideal backdrop to report on topics such as limnology and glaciology, which are otherwise unlikely to make the news. Journalists have to be flexible and creative - just as the researchers do - to overcome constraints imposed by weather and logistics. In this case, a trip to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet was canceled at the last minute and replaced with a trip to study the chemistry of an icebound lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. But the essential ingredient for a compelling story remained the same: Scientists, willing to endure hardship to pursue their passion.

Revisiting the destination ranking procedure in development of an Intervening Opportunities Model for public transit trip distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nazem, Mohsen; Trépanier, Martin; Morency, Catherine

2015-01-01

An Enhanced Intervening Opportunities Model (EIOM) is developed for Public Transit (PT). This is a distribution supply dependent model, with single constraints on trip production for work trips during morning peak hours (6:00 a.m.-9:00 a.m.) within the Island of Montreal, Canada. Different data sets, including the 2008 Origin-Destination (OD) survey of the Greater Montreal Area, the 2006 Census of Canada, GTFS network data, along with the geographical data of the study area, are used. EIOM is a nonlinear model composed of socio-demographics, PT supply data and work location attributes. An enhanced destination ranking procedure is used to calculate the number of spatially cumulative opportunities, the basic variable of EIOM. For comparison, a Basic Intervening Opportunities Model (BIOM) is developed by using the basic destination ranking procedure. The main difference between EIOM and BIOM is in the destination ranking procedure: EIOM considers the maximization of a utility function composed of PT Level Of Service and number of opportunities at the destination, along with the OD trip duration, whereas BIOM is based on a destination ranking derived only from OD trip durations. Analysis confirmed that EIOM is more accurate than BIOM. This study presents a new tool for PT analysts, planners and policy makers to study the potential changes in PT trip patterns due to changes in socio-demographic characteristics, PT supply, and other factors. Also it opens new opportunities for the development of more accurate PT demand models with new emergent data such as smart card validations.

Can a Lifestyle Intervention Increase Active Transportation in Women Aged 55-70 years? Secondary Outcomes From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Gray, Samantha M; Chen, Peggy; Fleig, Lena; Gardiner, Paul A; McAllister, Megan M; Puyat, Joseph H; Sims-Gould, Joanie; McKay, Heather A; Winters, Meghan; Ashe, Maureen C

2018-06-01

Physical activity confers many health benefits to older adults, and adopting activity into daily life routines may lead to better uptake. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a lifestyle intervention to increase daily physical activity in older women through utilitarian walking and use of public transportation. In total, 25 inactive women with mean age (SD) of 64.1 (4.6) years participated in this pilot randomized controlled trial [intervention (n = 13) and control (n = 12)]. Seven-day travel diaries (trips per week) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (minutes per week) were collected at baseline, 3, and 6 months. At 3 months, intervention participants reported 9 walking trips per week and 643.5 minutes per week of active transportation, whereas control participants reported 4 walking trips per week and 49.5 minutes per week of active transportation. Adjusting for baseline values, there were significant group differences favoring Everyday Activity Supports You for walking trips per week [4.6 (0.5 to 9.4); P = .04] and active transportation minutes per week [692.2 (36.1 to 1323.5); P = .05]. At 6 months, significant group differences were observed in walking trips per week [6.1 (1.9 to 11.4); P = .03] favoring the intervention (9 vs 2 trips per week). Given these promising findings, the next step is to test Everyday Activity Supports You model's effectiveness to promote physical activity in older women within a larger study.

Economics of Malaria Prevention in US Travelers to West Africa

PubMed Central

Adachi, Kenji; Coleman, Margaret S.; Khan, Nomana; Jentes, Emily S.; Arguin, Paul; Rao, Sowmya R.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Sotir, Mark J.; Brunette, Gary; Ryan, Edward T.; Meltzer, Martin I.

2014-01-01

Background. Pretravel health consultations help international travelers manage travel-related illness risks through education, vaccination, and medication. This study evaluated costs and benefits of that portion of the health consultation associated with malaria prevention provided to US travelers bound for West Africa. Methods. The estimated change in disease risk and associated costs and benefits resulting from traveler adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis were calculated from 2 perspectives: the healthcare payer's and the traveler's. We used data from the Global TravEpiNet network of US travel clinics that collect de-identified pretravel data for international travelers. Disease risk and chemoprophylaxis effectiveness were estimated from published medical reports. Direct medical costs were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and published literature. Results. We analyzed 1029 records from January 2009 to January 2011. Assuming full adherence to chemoprophylaxis regimens, consultations saved healthcare payers a per-traveler average of $14 (9-day trip) to $372 (30-day trip). For travelers, consultations resulted in a range of net cost of $20 (9-day trip) to a net savings of $32 (30-day trip). Differences were mostly driven by risk of malaria in the destination country. Conclusions. Our model suggests that healthcare payers save money for short- and longer-term trips, and that travelers save money for longer trips when travelers adhere to malaria recommendations and prophylactic regimens in West Africa. This is a potential incentive to healthcare payers to offer consistent pretravel preventive care to travelers. This financial benefit complements the medical benefit of reducing the risk of malaria. PMID:24014735

Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins.

PubMed

Li, Q; Morimoto, K; Nakadai, A; Inagaki, H; Katsumata, M; Shimizu, T; Hirata, Y; Hirata, K; Suzuki, H; Miyazaki, Y; Kagawa, T; Koyama, Y; Ohira, T; Takayama, N; Krensky, A M; Kawada, T

2007-01-01

In order to explore the effect of forest bathing on human immune function, we investigated natural killer (NK) activity; the number of NK cells, and perforin, granzymes and granulysin-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) during a visit to forest fields. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-55 years, were selected with informed consent from three large companies in Tokyo, Japan. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip in three different forest fields. On the first day, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. Blood was sampled on the second and third days, and NK activity; proportions of NK, T cells, granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day as the control. Almost all of the subjects (11/12) showed higher NK activity after the trip (about 50 percent increased) compared with before. There are significant differences both before and after the trip and between days 1 and 2 in NK activity. The forest bathing trip also significantly increased the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that a forest bathing trip can increase NK activity, and that this effect at least partially mediated by increasing the number of NK cells and by the induction of intracellular anti-cancer proteins.

Effects of shoe sole geometry on toe clearance and walking stability in older adults.

PubMed

Thies, S B; Price, C; Kenney, L P J; Baker, R

2015-07-01

Thirty-five percent of people above age 65 fall each year, and half of their falls are associated with tripping: tripping, an apparently 'mundane' everyday problem, therefore, significantly impacts on older people's health and associated medical costs. To avoid tripping and subsequent falling, sufficient toe clearance during the swing phase is crucial. We previously found that a rocker-shaped shoe sole enhances toe clearance in young adults, thereby decreasing their trip-risk. This study investigates whether such sole design also enhances older adults' toe clearance, without inadvertently affecting their walking stability. Toe clearance and its variability are reported together with measures of walking stability for twelve older adults, walking in shoes with rocker angles of 10°, 15°, and 20°. Surface inclinations (flat, incline, decline) were chosen to reflect a potential real-world environment. Toe clearance increased substantially from the 10° to the 15° rocker angle (p=0.003) without compromising measures of walking stability (p>0.05). A further increase in rocker angle to 20° resulted in less substantial enhancement of toe clearance and came at the cost of a decrease in gait speed on the decline. The novelty of this investigation lies in the exploration of the trade-off between reduction of trip-risk through footwear design and adverse effects on walking stability on real-life relevant surfaces. Our two studies suggest that the current focus on slip-resistance in footwear design may need to be generalised to include other factors that affect trip-risk. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Public attitudes toward transportation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

A telephone survey of a thousand randomly selected Virginia residents found that the automobile was the most popular mode of travel, and that more work trips than trips for other purposes were being made by alternatives such as ride sharing, public t...

Comparison of Some Radiation Exposures to Mars-Trip Level

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-05-30

This graphic compares the radiation dose equivalent for several types of experiences, including a calculation for a trip from Earth to Mars based on measurements made by the RAD instrument shielded inside NASA Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft.

Enabling cost-effective multimodal trip planners through open transit data : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Electronic navigation systems are now common : and widely used -- via Internet services, handheld : devices, and devices in vehicles -- to guide drivers : using instructions and maps. Next generation : systems will plan trips by other modes, includin...

Publications - GMC 211 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Arctic Margins 29 August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton Highway samples

Transit Reliability Information Program : PATCO-WMATA Propulsion System Reliability/Productivity Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-10-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national data ban...

Quantifying the benefits of the Florida Transit Research Inspection Procurement Services (TRIPS) program : [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

Established in 1995 as the Florida Vehicle : Procurement Program (FVPP), Florida Transit : Research Inspection Procurement Services (TRIPS) : is a vehicle sourcing and procurement system for : Floridas public transit agencies that integrates : ins...

48 CFR 9905.505-60 - Illustrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... category, takes several business associates on what is clearly a business entertainment trip. The entertainment costs of such trips is expressly unallowable because it constitutes entertainment expense... identification with the unallowable entertainment expense. However, unless this type of activity constituted a...

48 CFR 9905.505-60 - Illustrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... category, takes several business associates on what is clearly a business entertainment trip. The entertainment costs of such trips is expressly unallowable because it constitutes entertainment expense... identification with the unallowable entertainment expense. However, unless this type of activity constituted a...

48 CFR 9905.505-60 - Illustrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... category, takes several business associates on what is clearly a business entertainment trip. The entertainment costs of such trips is expressly unallowable because it constitutes entertainment expense... identification with the unallowable entertainment expense. However, unless this type of activity constituted a...

GPS-based household interview survey for the Cincinnati, Ohio Region : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-29

PROJECT BACKGROUND: Household travel surveys (HTS) are designed to provide information about daily travel patterns, including : trip purposes, time of day decisions, mode choices, trip lengths and distances, activity locations, and : routes taken. Th...

Enabling cost-effective multimodal trip planners through open transit data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This study examined whether multimodal trip planners can be developed using opensource software and open data sources. : OpenStreetMap (OSM), maintained by the nonprofit OpenStreetMap Foundation, is an open, freely available international : rep...

Enabling cost-effective multimodal trip planners through open transit data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

This study examined whether multimodal trip planners can be developed using opensource software and open data sources. OpenStreetMap (OSM), maintained by the nonprofit OpenStreetMap Foundation, is an open, freely available international reposit...

Passenger vehicle idling in Vermont, Phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

While trip-start and trip-end idling, including idling at intermediary stops along a route, cannot be completely eliminated, the duration of these discretionary idling events is largely controlled by the driver and can be considered part of travel or...

Online transit trip planner for small agencies using Google Transit : final deployment package.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-01

Google Transit is a public transportation trip planner that enables travelers to obtain information regarding available transit services between a : given origin and given destination. While transit agencies can publish their service information onto...

Discrete-Choice Modeling Of Non-Working Women’s Trip-Chaining Activity Based

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayati, Amelia; Pradono; Purboyo, Heru; Maryati, Sri

2018-05-01

Start The urban developments of technology and economics are now changing the lifestyles of the urban societies. It is also changing their travel demand to meet their movement needs. Nowadays, urban women, especially in Bandung, West Java, have a high demand for their daily travel and tend to increase. They have the ease of accessibility to personal modes of transportation and freedom to go anywhere to meet their personal and family needs. This also happens to non-working women or as housewives in the city of Bandung. More than 50% of women’s mobility is outside the home, in the term of trip-chaining, from leaving to returning home in one day. It is based on their complex activities in order to meet the needs of family and home care. While less than 60% of male’s mobility is outdoors, it is a simple trip-chaining or only has a single trip. The trip-chaining has significant differences between non-working women and working-men. This illustrates the pattern of Mom and Dad’s mobility in a family with an activity-based approach for the same purpose, i.e. family welfare. This study explains how complex the trip-chaining of non-working urban women and as housewives, with an activity-based approach done outdoors in a week. Socio-economic and household demographic variables serve as the basis for measuring the independent variables affecting family welfare, as well as the variables of type, time and duration of activities performed by unemployed housewives. This study aims to examine the interrelationships between activity variables, especially the time of activity and travel, and socio-economic of household variables that can generate the complexity of women’s daily travel. Discrete Choice Modeling developed by Ben-Akiva, Chandra Bhat, etc., is used in this study to illustrate the relationship between activity and socio-economic demographic variables based on primary survey data in Bandung, West Java for 466 unemployed housewives. The results of the regression, by Seemingly Unrelated Regression approach methods, showed the interrelationship between all variables, including the complexity of trip chaining of housewives based on their daily activities. The type of mandatory and discretionary activities, and the duration of activities performed during the dismissal in the series of trip chains conducted are intended for the fulfillment of the welfare of all family member.

A description of a staff development program: Preparing the elementary school classroom teacher to lead environmental field trips and to use an integrated subject approach to environmental education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Egana, John Joseph

This study of the Field Trip Specialist Program (FTS) described how a professional development plan fostered change in the traditional roles of third and fourth grade teachers. Teachers that volunteered were prepared to become interpretive guides for their class on environmental field trips, integrate their basic subject areas lessons into an environmental science context, and develop their self-perception as professional educators. This qualitative study made use of quantitative data and drew on information collected over four years from surveys, interviews, classroom observations, field trip and workshop observations, focus groups, journals and assessments performed in Florida. The FTS Program attracted teachers who thought it was important for all students to understand environmental issues, and these teachers believed in integrated instruction. These beliefs were inconsistent with many aspects of school culture. FTS invited the participation of these teachers and encouraged them to take control of the program by serving as instructors and program developers. Teachers described themselves as prepared to deliver the FTS Program with a high level of motivation and relevance. They also credited the program as beneficial in preparation for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Tests (FCAT). Teachers reported that their responsibility as field trip leaders was the primary factor motivating them to provide conscientious presentation of pre- and post-field trip lessons and thorough integration of environmental topics in basic subject area instruction. Despite the impact of the field trip leadership factor, I could not find another program in the State of Florida that required teachers to lead their own field trips. Other influential factors specific to this program were: Voluntary participation, on-site field instruction, peer instructors and program developers, high quality and task specific materials, and pre- and post-assessments for students. Factors were identified in the FTS staff development plan that could be generalized to all staff development programs. I applied the "stages of concern" from the "Concerns Based Adoption Model"(CBAM) and found FTS to be a participantcentered plan. In addition FTS set demonstrable goals that were understood and desirable for all participants. Finally FTS offered teachers opportunities to adopt leadership roles in their own staff development program.

Effects of the Changiang river discharge on the change in ocean and atmosphere over the East Asian region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, M. H.; Lim, Y. J.; Kang, H. S.; Kim, B. J.; Cho, C.

2017-12-01

This study investigates the effects of freshwater from the Changiang river basin over the East Asian region for summer season. To do this, we simulated global seasonal forecasting system (GloSea5) of KMA (Korea Meteorology Administration). GloSea5 consists of atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land model. Also, it has river routing model (TRIP), which links between land and ocean using freshwater. It is very important component in long-term forecast because of be able to change the air-sea interaction. To improve more the freshwater performance over the East Asian region, we realistically modified the river mouth, direction and storage around Changiang river basin of TRIP in GloSea5. Here, the comparison study among the no freshwater forcing experiment to ocean model (TRIP-OFF), the operated original file based freshwater coupled experiment (TRIP-ON) and the improved one (TRIP-MODI) has been carried out and the results are evaluated against the reanalysis data. As a result, the amount of fresh water to the Yellow Sea increase in TRIP-ON experiment and it attributes to the improvement of bias and RMSE of local SST over the East Asia. The implementation of the realistic river related ancillary files (TRIP-MODI) improves the abnormal salinity distribution around the Changjiang river gate and its related SST reduces cold bias about 0.37˚C for July over the East Sea. Warm SST over this region is caused by barrier layer (BL). Freshwater flux and salinity changes can create a pronounced salinity-induced mixed layer (ML) above the top of the thermocline. The layer between the base of the ML and the top of the thermocline is called a barrier layer (BL), because it isolates the warm surface water from cold deep water. In addition, the improved fresh water forcing can lead to the change in the local volume transport from the Kuroshio to the Strait of Korea and Changed the transport and SST over the Straits of Korea have correlation 0.57 at 95% confidence level. For the atmospheric variables in East Asian region, the error statistics of temperature in TRIP-MODI is the best, reducing about 0.32˚C for July but there is no difference of the precipitation distribution among the experiments.

Experimental Investigation of Stall Cells on NACA0015 Airfoils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dell'Orso, Haley

A particular type of 3-D separation, known as a stall cell, was investigated experimentally on two NACA0015 airfoils with aspect ratios of AR = 4 and 2.67. A parametric map of the angles of attack and Reynolds number conditions under which stall cells form was created using oil flow visualization. It was observed that stalls cells form naturally under specific conditions when the Reynolds number exceeds a critical Reynolds number, Re c ≥ Recrit. Based on the work of Weihs & Katz, the formation of a stall cell requires sufficient 3-dimensionality in the flow field. Next, full and partial span trips (composed of either zig-zag tape or an artificial step) were added to the airfoil and it was found that the introduction of additional 3-dimensional disturbances reduced the value of Recrit. For full-span step trips, where no additional 3-dimensionalities were introduced to the flow field, a stall cell was not formed at conditions where one was otherwise not present. However, a partial step trip did cause the formation of a stall cell (under specific conditions) through the introduction of three dimensionalities associated with the trip's ends. These results confirm that three dimensionalities need to be present in order for a stall cell to form. Flow field data were used to explore stall cell characteristics with and without external trips. Under conditions where a stall cell was present, two recirculation regions (i.e., stall cell foci) were observed, outboard of which flow abruptly reattached due to entrainment by the foci. Within the stall cell, flow was funneled away from the middle of the stall cell and into the associated focus point. In addition, at mid-span, the separated flow rotated about the spanwise direction. Outboard, the structure also began to rotate about the chord-normal direction; near the foci, all rotation occurred about the chord-normal direction. The fluctuating flow field was also considered, and elevated levels of chordwise (u'u'/Uinfinity 2) and spanwise (w¯'w¯'/Uinfinity 2) components of the normal stress were observed when stall cells were present, concentrated near the foci. Finally, a partial-span dynamic oscillating step trip was incorporated into the NACA0015 model with AR = 2.67. Initially, the actuator was driven by a square wave and the transitory behavior of flow field was explored as the trip moved from the extended to the flush position. It was shown that during this motion the flow was temporarily attached before settling into a state where a small cell was present. The intermediate reattachment was due to the natural oscillations of the actuator at its resonant frequency (ƒres = 100 Hz). This result suggested that actuating the trip at a frequency that is associated with the separated shear layer, which also coincided with the resonance frequency of the actuator, might enable mitigation of the stall cell. Therefore, the trip was driven using a sine wave with ƒ = 100 Hz (corresponding to a dimensionless frequency St = 0.35) when the airfoil was set at alpha = 13.4° and U infinity = 55 m/s, and it caused nearly complete reattachment of a 3-D separated region. At alpha = 16°, the size of the stall cell was very large and extended throughout most of the span when the trip was in the flush position; thus, the dynamic motion of the trip only affected the separated flow directly downstream of the actuator, which was reduced in size and magnitude. Phase-averaged data were also acquired, and it was shown that, during the periodic motion of the trip, coherent vortices were formed and advected downstream as they grew in size. This resulted, in a time average sense, in tilting of the flow towards the surface. However, the reattachment was unsteady.

Modeling Trip Duration for Mobile Source Emissions Forecasting

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-08-01

The distribution of the duration of trips in a metropolitan area is an important input to estimating area-wide running loss emissions, operating mode fractions and vehicle miles of travel (VMT) accumulated on local roads in the region. In the current...

Field Lab on the Rocks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, David T., Jr.; Abbott-King, Janet P.

1985-01-01

Advocates taking students on field trips to highway roadcuts to illustrate various geological principles. Photographs of three roadcuts (with sample objectives and questions/answers for students to answer) are included. Also included are suggestions for preparation, safety, and activities during such field trips. (DH)

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

MedlinePlus

... fully in exercise and other physical activity, including physical education, sports, recess, and field trips? If a school ... range of exercise and other physical activity, including physical education, sports, recess, and field trips? Are students’ quick- ...

Medical Aspects Of Bush Exploration

PubMed Central

Armour, W. E.

1979-01-01

Travelling in primitive conditions demands considerable forethought in terms of preventing morbidity. This article describes the measures and supplies taken on a summer trip to central Labrador. Attempts were made to culture for pathogens at the beginning and end of the trip. PMID:20469309

Take a Field Trip Close to Home.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Jacalyn K.

1986-01-01

Describes a simple field trip taken by fourth-grade students to a local park. Aided by volunteers, students go through four learning stations dealing with rock studies, tree identification, following directions (mapping), and observation skills. Presite and postsite activities are discussed. (TW)

SmartTrips Ithaca : encouraging sustainable transportation options through a personalized educational campaign : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-03-01

SmartTrips Ithaca is a neighborhood-based personalized educational campaign that encouraged residents : of downtown Ithaca to try out sustainable modes of transportation such as walking, biking, transit, and : carsharing through incentives and commun...

ITE Trip Generation Modification Factors for Louisiana : Research Project Capsule

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-01

Using data from studies conducted in the United States over the last 50-60 years, the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) has published trip generation rates for different land uses. Over time, observations from new studies have been incorpor...

Traffic and highway geometric characteristics associated with pedestrian crashes in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

Although motor vehicle traffic volume continues to increase, recent studies have shown that in most cities about 90 percent of all internal trips within the central business district are walking trips. Additionally, those rural areas experiencing hig...

Transit Reliability Information Program : Reliability Verification Demonstration Plan for Rapid Rail Vehicles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-08-01

The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national Data Ban...

Quantifying the benefits of the Florida Transit Research Inspection Procurement Services (TRIPS) program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

This study details the analysis of the Florida Transit Research Inspection Procurement Services (TRIPS) Program. It provides a comparative assessment of the program with respect to out-of-state practice, provides recommendations to improve life cycle...

0-6760 : improved trip generation data for Texas using workplace and special generator surveys.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

Trip generation rates play an important role in : transportation planning, which can help in : making informed decisions about future : transportation investment and design. However, : sometimes the rates are derived from small : sample sizes or may ...

Astronaut Neil Armstrong - Rock Sample Study - Geological Field Trip - TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-03-03

S69-25198 (25 Feb. 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander of the Apollo 11 prime crew, studies rock sample during a geological field trip to the Quitman Mountains area near the Fort Quitman ruins in far west Texas.

Following the Light

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez, Marina

2006-01-01

In this article, the author describes the learning her students gained from their field trip to the Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) in Chicago. On their trip to MCA, her fourth-grade students discovered new and surprising ways to approach the work of artist Dan Flavin.

Research on the Cascading Tripping Risk of Wind Turbine Generators Caused by Transient Overvoltage and Its Countermeasures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Haiyang; Zhang, Meilun; Zu, Guangxin

2017-12-01

At present, China’s electricity utility develops rapidly, however, the wind power consumption ability has been unable to meet the actual demand of consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to send wind power across the region. The commutation failure in the operation will lead to the cascading tripping of wind turbines. In order to solve the above problems, this paper will analyze the causes of such problems, analyze the basic principles of wind power cascading trips and analyze the specific solutions, hoping to give some reference for relevant people.

[Osteoarthritis, disability, travel and recreational activities: comments from physicians and travel specialists].

PubMed

Solignac, Marie

2004-05-22

IMPACT OF DISABILITY: A survey of general practitioners, rheumatology specialists, and tourism specialists conducted by NEGMA-LERADS Laboratories demonstrated that subjects with osteoarthritis avoid vacation trips more readily than recreational activities. VACATION TRIPS ARE STILL POSSIBLE: Certain tourism organisms have nevertheless developed specialized services for disabled persons. Special emphasis is placed on adequate preparation before the vacation trip. PROBLEMS WITH WALKING: Many persons disabled by osteoarthritis do not require a wheel chair, yet have difficulty walking long distances. It is important to recognize the specific disabilities related to osteoarthritis and their effects on grip force and/or ambulation.

Identifying walking trips from GPS and accelerometer data in adolescent females

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Daniel; Cho, GH; Elder, John; Conway, Terry; Evenson, Kelly R; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie; Shay, Elizabeth; Cohen, Deborah A; Veblen-Mortenson, Sarah; Pickrell, Julie; Lytle, Leslie

2013-01-01

Background Studies that have combined accelerometers and global positioning systems (GPS) to identify walking have done so in carefully controlled conditions. This study tested algorithms for identifying walking trips from accelerometer and GPS data in free-living conditions. The study also assessed the accuracy of the locations where walking occurred compared to what participants reported in a diary. Methods A convenience sample of high school females was recruited (N=42) in 2007. Participants wore a GPS unit and an accelerometer, and recorded their out-of-school travel for six days. Split-sample validation was used to examine agreement in the daily and total number of walking trips with Kappa statistics and count regression models, while agreement in locations visited by walking was examined with geographic information systems. Results Agreement varied based on the parameters of the algorithm, with algorithms exhibiting moderate to substantial agreement with self-reported daily (Kappa = 0.33–0.48) and weekly (Kappa = 0.41–0.64) walking trips. Comparison of reported locations reached by walking and GPS data suggest that reported locations are accurate. Conclusions The use of GPS and accelerometers is promising for assessing the number of walking trips and the walking locations of adolescent females. PMID:21934163

Sex on the beach: the influence of social norms and trip companion on spring break sexual behavior.

PubMed

Lewis, Melissa A; Patrick, Megan E; Mittmann, Angela; Kaysen, Debra L

2014-06-01

Spring Break trips are associated with heavy drinking and with risky sexual behavior (e.g., unprotected sex, multiple partners, unwanted sexual contact), especially for those students who go on trips with friends. The present study adds to this growing event-specific risk literature by examining Spring Break-specific normative perceptions of sexual risk behavior and the role that these perceptions and taking a trip with a friend or with a romantic partner have on Spring Break sexual behavior. College students (N = 1,540; 53.9 % female) were asked to report descriptive normative perceptions of sex with casual partners, drinking prior to sex, number of drinks prior to sex, and condom use as well as their own Spring Break drinking and sexual behaviors. Students perceived the typical same-sex student to have engaged in more frequent sexual behavior for all outcomes than students' own self-reported sexual behavior. Furthermore, results revealed that these perceptions were positively associated with behavior. The choice of travel companion (friend(s) versus romantic partner) also differentially predicted sexual behaviors. Results suggested that intervention efforts aimed at reducing risks for Spring Break trip-takers may be strongest when they incorporate corrective normative information and target those traveling with friends.

GPS-tracking and colony observations reveal variation in offshore habitat use and foraging ecology of breeding Sandwich Terns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fijn, R. C.; de Jong, J.; Courtens, W.; Verstraete, H.; Stienen, E. W. M.; Poot, M. J. M.

2017-09-01

Breeding success of seabirds critically depends on their foraging success offshore. However, studies combining at-sea tracking and visual provisioning observations are scarce, especially for smaller species of seabirds. This study is the first in which breeding Sandwich Terns were tracked with GPS-loggers to collect detailed data on foraging habitat use in four breeding seasons. The maximum home range of individual Sandwich Terns comprised approximately 1900 km2 and the average foraging range was 27 km. Trip durations were on average 135 min with average trip lengths of 67 km. Actual foraging behaviour comprised 35% of the time budget of a foraging trip. Substantial year-to-year variation was found in habitat use and trip variables, yet with the exception of 2012, home range size remained similar between years. Food availability, chick age and environmental conditions are proposed as the main driving factors between inter- and intra-annual variations in trip variables. Our multi-method approach also provided geo-referenced information on prey presence and we conclude that future combining of colony observations and GPS-loggers deployments can potentially provide a near complete insight into the feeding ecology of breeding Sandwich Terns, including the behaviour of birds at sea.

Sociodemographic Factors, Population Density, and Bicycling for Transportation in the United States.

PubMed

Nehme, Eileen K; Pérez, Adriana; Ranjit, Nalini; Amick, Benjamin C; Kohl, Harold W

2016-01-01

Transportation bicycling is a behavior with demonstrated health benefits. Population-representative studies of transportation bicycling in United States are lacking. This study examined associations between sociodemographic factors, population density, and transportation bicycling and described transportation bicyclists by trip purposes, using a US-representative sample. This cross-sectional study used 2009 National Household Travel Survey datasets. Associations among study variables were assessed using weighted multivariable logistic regression. On a typical day in 2009, 1% of Americans older than 5 years of age reported a transportation bicycling trip. Transportation cycling was inversely associated with age and directly with being male, with being white, and with population density (≥ 10,000 vs < 500 people/square mile: odd ratio, 2.78, 95% confidence interval, 1.54-5.05). Those whose highest level of education was a high school diploma or some college were least likely to bicycle for transportation. Twenty-one percent of transportation bicyclists reported trips to work, whereas 67% reported trips to social or other activities. Transportation bicycling in the United States is associated with sociodemographic characteristics and population density. Bicycles are used for a variety of trip purposes, which has implications for transportation bicycling research based on commuter data and for developing interventions to promote this behavior.

Walk, Bicycle, and Transit Trips of Transit-Dependent and Choice Riders in the 2009 United States National Household Travel Survey.

PubMed

Lachapelle, Ugo

2015-08-01

Previous research has shown that public transit use may be associated with active transportation. Access to a car may influence active transportation of transit riders. Using the 2009 United States National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), transit users ≥ 16 years old (n = 25,550) were categorized according to driver status and number of cars and drivers in the household. This typology ranged from choice transit riders (ie, "fully motorized drivers") to transit-dependent riders (ie, "unmotorized nondriver"). Transit trips, walking trips, and bicycling trips of transit users are estimated in negative binomial models against the car availability typology. Sixteen percent of participants took transit in the past month; most (86%) lived in car-owning households. As income increased, car availability also increased. Transit user groups with lower car availability were generally more likely than fully motorized drivers to take more public transit, walking, and bicycle trips. Transit riders have varying levels of vehicle access; their use of combinations of alternative modes of transportation fluctuates accordingly. Transit-dependent individuals without cars or sharing cars used active transportation more frequently than car owners. Policies to reduce vehicle ownership in households may enable increases in the use of alternative modes of transportation for transit users, even when cars are still owned.

Development of a Trip Energy Estimation Model Using Real-World Global Positioning System Driving Data: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holden, Jacob; Wood, Eric W; Zhu, Lei

A data-driven technique for estimation of energy requirements for a proposed vehicle trip has been developed. Based on over 700,000 miles of driving data, the technique has been applied to generate a model that estimates trip energy requirements. The model uses a novel binning approach to categorize driving by road type, traffic conditions, and driving profile. The trip-level energy estimations can easily be aggregated to any higher-level transportation system network desired. The model has been tested and validated on the Austin, Texas, data set used to build this model. Ground-truth energy consumption for the data set was obtained from Futuremore » Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) vehicle simulation results. The energy estimation model has demonstrated 12.1 percent normalized total absolute error. The energy estimation from the model can be used to inform control strategies in routing tools, such as change in departure time, alternate routing, and alternate destinations, to reduce energy consumption. The model can also be used to determine more accurate energy consumption of regional or national transportation networks if trip origin and destinations are known. Additionally, this method allows the estimation tool to be tuned to a specific driver or vehicle type.« less

Sex on the Beach: The Influence of Social Norms and Trip Companion on Spring Break Sexual Behavior

PubMed Central

Lewis, Melissa A.; Patrick, Megan E.; Mittmann, Angela; Kaysen, Debra L.

2014-01-01

Spring Break trips are associated with heavy drinking and with risky sexual behavior (e.g., unprotected sex, multiple partners, unwanted sexual contact), especially for those students who go on trips with friends. The present study adds to this growing event-specific risk literature by examining Spring Break-specific normative perceptions of sexual risk behavior and the role that these perceptions and taking a trip with a friend or with a romantic partner have on Spring Break sexual behavior. College students (N = 1,540; 53.9% female) were asked to report descriptive normative perceptions of sex with casual partners, drinking prior to sex, number of drinks prior to sex, and condom use as well as their own Spring Break drinking and sexual behaviors. Students perceived the typical same-sex student to have engaged in more frequent sexual behavior for all outcomes than students’ own self-reported sexual behavior. Furthermore, results revealed that these perceptions were positively associated with behavior. The choice of travel companion (friend(s) vs. romantic partner) also deferentially predicted sexual behaviors. Results suggested that intervention efforts aimed at reducing risks for Spring Break trip-takers may be strongest when they incorporate corrective normative information and target those traveling with friends. PMID:24464322

Characterizing Walk Trips in communities by Using Data from 2009 National Household Travel Survey, American Community Survey, and Other Sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hwang, Ho-Ling; Reuscher, Tim; Wilson, Daniel W

Non-motorized travel (i.e. walking and bicycling) are of increasing interest to the transportation profession, especially in context with energy consumption, reducing vehicular congestion, urban development patterns, and promotion of healthier life styles. This research project aimed to identify factors impacting the amount of travel for both walk and bike trips at the Census block group or tract level, using several public and private data sources. The key survey of travel behavior is the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) which had over 87,000 walk trips for persons 16 and over, and over 6000 bike trips for persons 16 and over.more » The NHTS, in conjunction with the Census Bureau s American Community Survey, street density measures using Census Bureau TIGER, WalkScore , Nielsen Claritas employment estimates, and several other sources were used for this study. Stepwise Logistic Regression modeling techniques as well as Discriminant Analysis were applied using the integrated data set. While the models performed reasonably well for walk trips, travel by bike was abandoned due to sparseness of data. This paper discusses data sources utilized and modeling processes conducted under this study. It also presents a summary of findings and addresses data challenges and lesson-learned from this research effort.« less

High-rate tensile properties of Si-reduced TRIP sheet steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Ildong; Park, Yeongdo; Son, Dongmin; Kim, Sung-Joon; Moon, Manbeen

2010-02-01

There have been efforts to develop Si-reduced TRIP steels to improve the wettability of Zn coatings, since the conventional CMnSi-TRIP steels suffer from poor galvanizability. In addition, for the development of potential applications of Si-reduced TRIP steels in vehicle crash management, a better understanding of high strain rate properties is required. In the present study, the effects of alloying elements, such as Cu, Al, Si, and P, on the high-rate tensile properties of Si-reduced TRIP sheet steels were investigated. Tensile tests were performed with a servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine at strain rates ranging from 10-2 to 6 × 102 s-1, and the ultimate tensile strength, elongation, strain rate sensitivity, and absorbed energy were evaluated. The retained austenite volume fractions and carbon content of the specimens were measured using neutron diffraction. The UTS was increased with Cu, Al, Si, and P alloying throughout the strain rate range, and the alloying effect on UTS was considerable with Cu and P. The effects of alloying on the microstructure were not significant. All the steels tested in this study exhibited positive strain rate sensitivity, and the m value at strain rates higher than 10 s-1 was at least two times higher than that at lower strain rates.

Constitutive equations for multiphase TRIP steels at high rates of strain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Slycken, J.; Verleysen, P.; Degrieck, J.; Bouquerel, J.

2006-08-01

Multiphase TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels show an excellent combination of high strength and high strain values, making them ideally suited for use in vehicle body structures. A complex synergy of three different phases (ferrite, bainite and austenite) on the one hand, and the meta-stable character of the austenite on the other hand, give the material indeed a high energy absorption potential. The knowledge and understanding of the dynamic behaviour of these sheet steels is essential to investigate the impact-dynamic characteristics of the structures. Therefore split Hopkinson tensile tests are performed in a strain rate range of 500 to 2000 s-1. Three TRIP steel grades with a different Al and Si content were studied. The experimental results show that these steels preserve their excellent shock-absorbing properties in dynamic conditions. The typical high strain rate loading conditions and the complex behaviour of TRIP steels offer a unique investigation opportunity. This behaviour can be described with phenomenological material models that can be used for numerical simulations of car crashes. The Johnson-Cook model, a frequently used model in finite element codes, is well-suited to describe the dynamic behaviour of the investigated TRIP steels. This model is compared to the Rusinek-Klepaczko model.