Bilateral Comparison of Mercury and Gallium Fixed-Point Cells Using Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bojkovski, J.; Veliki, T.; Zvizdić, D.; Drnovšek, J.

2011-08-01

The objective of project EURAMET 1127 (Bilateral comparison of triple point of mercury and melting point of gallium) in the field of thermometry is to compare realization of a triple point of mercury (-38.8344 °C) and melting point of gallium (29.7646 °C) between the Slovenian national laboratory MIRS/UL-FE/LMK and the Croatian national laboratory HMI/FSB-LPM using a long-stem 25 Ω standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT). MIRS/UL/FE-LMK participated in a number of intercomparisons on the level of EURAMET. On the other hand, the HMI/LPM-FSB laboratory recently acquired new fixed-point cells which had to be evaluated in the process of intercomparisons. A quartz-sheathed SPRT has been selected and calibrated at HMI/LPM-FSB at the triple point of mercury, the melting point of gallium, and the water triple point. A second set of measurements was made at MIRS/UL/FE-LMK. After its return, the SPRT was again recalibrated at HMI/LPM-FSB. In the comparison, the W value of the SPRT has been used. Results of the bilateral intercomparison confirmed that the new gallium cell of the HMI/LPM-FSB has a value that is within uncertainty limits of both laboratories that participated in the exercise, while the mercury cell experienced problems. After further research, a small leakage in the mercury fixed-point cell has been found.

Existence of tripled fixed points for a class of condensing operators in Banach spaces.

PubMed

Karakaya, Vatan; Bouzara, Nour El Houda; Doğan, Kadri; Atalan, Yunus

2014-01-01

We give some results concerning the existence of tripled fixed points for a class of condensing operators in Banach spaces. Further, as an application, we study the existence of solutions for a general system of nonlinear integral equations.

Electric-field-induced spin disorder-to-order transition near a multiferroic triple phase point

DOE PAGES

Jang, Byung -Kweon; Lee, Jin Hong; Chu, Kanghyun; ...

2016-10-03

Here, the emergence of a triple phase point in a two-dimensional parameter space (such as pressure and temperature) can offer unforeseen opportunities for the coupling of two seemingly independent order parameters. On the basis of this, we demonstrate the electric control of magnetic order by manipulating chemical pressure: lanthanum substitution in the antiferromagnetic ferroelectric BiFeO 3. Our demonstration relies on the finding that a multiferroic triple phase point of a single spin-disordered phase and two spin-ordered phases emerges near room temperature in Bi 0.9La 0.1FeO 3 ferroelectric thin films. By using spatially resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we provide direct evidencemore » that the electric poling of a particular region of the compound near the triple phase point results in an antiferromagnetic phase while adjacent unpoled regions remain magnetically disordered, opening a promising avenue for magnetoelectric applications at room temperature.« less

A new template matching method based on contour information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Huiying; Zhu, Feng; Wu, Qingxiao; Li, Sicong

2014-11-01

Template matching is a significant approach in machine vision due to its effectiveness and robustness. However, most of the template matching methods are so time consuming that they can't be used to many real time applications. The closed contour matching method is a popular kind of template matching methods. This paper presents a new closed contour template matching method which is suitable for two dimensional objects. Coarse-to-fine searching strategy is used to improve the matching efficiency and a partial computation elimination scheme is proposed to further speed up the searching process. The method consists of offline model construction and online matching. In the process of model construction, triples and distance image are obtained from the template image. A certain number of triples which are composed by three points are created from the contour information that is extracted from the template image. The rule to select the three points is that the template contour is divided equally into three parts by these points. The distance image is obtained here by distance transform. Each point on the distance image represents the nearest distance between current point and the points on the template contour. During the process of matching, triples of the searching image are created with the same rule as the triples of the model. Through the similarity that is invariant to rotation, translation and scaling between triangles, the triples corresponding to the triples of the model are found. Then we can obtain the initial RST (rotation, translation and scaling) parameters mapping the searching contour to the template contour. In order to speed up the searching process, the points on the searching contour are sampled to reduce the number of the triples. To verify the RST parameters, the searching contour is projected into the distance image, and the mean distance can be computed rapidly by simple operations of addition and multiplication. In the fine searching process, the initial RST parameters are discrete to obtain the final accurate pose of the object. Experimental results show that the proposed method is reasonable and efficient, and can be used in many real time applications.

Corresponding states correlation for temperature dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Huili; Tian, Jianxiang

2014-07-01

A new simple correlation based on the principle of corresponding state is proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids. The correlation is a linear one and strongly stands for 41 saturated normal liquids. The new correlation requires only the triple point temperature, triple point surface tension and critical point temperature as input and is able to represent the experimental surface tension data for these 41 saturated normal liquids with a mean absolute average percent deviation of 1.26% in the temperature regions considered. For most substances, the temperature covers the range from the triple temperature to the one beyond the boiling temperature.

Establishment of a New National Reference Ensemble of Water Triple Point Cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senn, Remo

2017-10-01

The results of the Bilateral Comparison EURAMET.T-K3.5 (w/VSL, The Netherlands) with the goal to link Switzerland's ITS-90 realization (Ar to Al) to the latest key comparisons gave strong indications for a discrepancy in the realization of the triple point of water. Due to the age of the cells of about twenty years, it was decided to replace the complete reference ensemble with new "state-of-the-art" cells. Three new water triple point cells from three different suppliers were purchased, as well as a new maintenance bath for an additional improvement of the realization. In several loops measurements were taken, each cell of both ensembles intercompared, and the deviations and characteristics determined. The measurements show a significant lower average value of the old ensemble of 0.59 ± 0.25 mK (k=2) in comparison with the new one. Likewise, the behavior of the old cells is very unstable with a drift downward during the realization of the triple point. Based on these results the impact of the new ensemble on the ITS-90 realization from Ar to Al was calculated and set in the context to performed calibrations and their related uncertainties in the past. This paper presents the instrumentation, cells, measurement procedure, results, uncertainties and impact of the new national reference ensemble of water triple point cells on the current ITS-90 realization in Switzerland.

Iron under conditions close to the α - γ - ɛ triple point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dewaele, Agnès; Svitlyk, Volodymyr; Bottin, François; Bouchet, Johann; Jacobs, Jeroen

2018-05-01

The stability domains and equations of state of α-Fe, ɛ-Fe, and γ-Fe have been measured using X-ray diffraction under conditions close to their triple point: 7 ≤ P ≤ 20 GPa and 480 ≤ T ≤ 820 K. Special attention was paid to ensure the hydrostatic compression of the sample, which was a single crystal at start. Narrow α - γ and α - ɛ coexistence domains were observed, while the γ - ɛ transformation appeared sluggish. The triple point is measured at 8.7 ± 1.0 GPa and 750 ± 30 K. Anharmonic effects are evidenced in the equation of state of ɛ-Fe and partly reproduced using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.

Estimating the Triple-Point Isotope Effect and the Corresponding Uncertainties for Cryogenic Fixed Points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tew, W. L.

2008-02-01

The sensitivities of melting temperatures to isotopic variations in monatomic and diatomic atmospheric gases using both theoretical and semi-empirical methods are estimated. The current state of knowledge of the vapor-pressure isotope effects (VPIE) and triple-point isotope effects (TPIE) is briefly summarized for the noble gases (except He), and for selected diatomic molecules including oxygen. An approximate expression is derived to estimate the relative shift in the melting temperature with isotopic substitution. In general, the magnitude of the effects diminishes with increasing molecular mass and increasing temperature. Knowledge of the VPIE, molar volumes, and heat of fusion are sufficient to estimate the temperature shift or isotopic sensitivity coefficient via the derived expression. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in the estimation of isotopic sensitivities and uncertainties for triple points of xenon and molecular oxygen for which few documented estimates were previously available. The calculated sensitivities from this study are considerably higher than previous estimates for Xe, and lower than other estimates in the case of oxygen. In both these cases, the predicted sensitivities are small and the resulting variations in triple point temperatures due to mass fractionation effects are less than 20 μK.

New generalized corresponding states correlation for surface tension of normal saturated liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Huili; Tian, Jianxiang

2015-08-01

A new simple correlation based on the principle of corresponding state is proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids. The new correlation contains three coefficients obtained by fitting 17,051 surface tension data of 38 saturated normal liquids. These 38 liquids contain refrigerants, hydrocarbons and some other inorganic liquids. The new correlation requires only the triple point temperature, triple point surface tension and critical point temperature as input and is able to well represent the experimental surface tension data for each of the 38 saturated normal liquids from the triple temperature up to the point near the critical point. The new correlation gives absolute average deviations (AAD) values below 3% for all of these 38 liquids with the only exception being octane with AAD=4.30%. Thus, the new correlation gives better overall results in comparison with other correlations for these 38 normal saturated liquids.

Effect of sterically demanding substituents on the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix.

PubMed

Erdmann, Roman S; Wennemers, Helma

2012-10-17

The effect of sterically demanding groups at proline residues on the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix was examined. The thermal stabilities (T(m) and ΔG) of eight different triple helices derived from collagen model peptides with (4R)- or (4S)-configured amidoprolines bearing either methyl or bulkier tert-butyl groups in the Xaa or Yaa position were determined and served as a relative measure for the conformational stability of the corresponding collagen triple helices. The results show that sterically demanding substituents are tolerated in the collagen triple helix when they are attached to (4R)-configured amidoprolines in the Xaa position or to (4S)-configured amidoprolines in the Yaa position. Structural studies in which the preferred conformation of (4R)- or (4S)-configured amidoproline were overlaid with the Pro and Hyp residues within a crystal structure of collagen revealed that the sterically demanding groups point to the outside of these two triple helices and thereby do not interfere with the formation of the triple helix. In all of the other examined collagen derivatives with lower stability of the triple helices, the acetyl or pivaloyl residues point toward the inside of the triple helix and clash with a residue of the neighboring strand. The results also revealed that unfavorable steric dispositions affect the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix more than unfavorable ring puckers of the proline residues. The results are useful for the design of functionalized collagen based materials.

KEY COMPARISON: Final Report on CCT-K7: Key comparison of water triple point cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stock, M.; Solve, S.; del Campo, D.; Chimenti, V.; Méndez-Lango, E.; Liedberg, H.; Steur, P. P. M.; Marcarino, P.; Dematteis, R.; Filipe, E.; Lobo, I.; Kang, K. H.; Gam, K. S.; Kim, Y.-G.; Renaot, E.; Bonnier, G.; Valin, M.; White, R.; Dransfield, T. D.; Duan, Y.; Xiaoke, Y.; Strouse, G.; Ballico, M.; Sukkar, D.; Arai, M.; Mans, A.; de Groot, M.; Kerkhof, O.; Rusby, R.; Gray, J.; Head, D.; Hill, K.; Tegeler, E.; Noatsch, U.; Duris, S.; Kho, H. Y.; Ugur, S.; Pokhodun, A.; Gerasimov, S. F.

2006-01-01

The triple point of water serves to define the kelvin, the unit of thermodynamic temperature, in the International System of Units (SI). Furthermore, it is the most important fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Any uncertainty in the realization of the triple point of water contributes directly to the measurement uncertainty over the wide temperature range from 13.8033 K to 1234.93 K. The Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) decided at its 21st meeting in 2001 to carry out a comparison of water triple point cells and charged the BIPM with its organization. Water triple point cells from 20 national metrology institutes were carried to the BIPM and were compared with highest accuracy with two reference cells. The small day-to-day changes of the reference cells were determined by a least-squares technique. Prior to the measurements at the BIPM, the transfer cells were compared with the corresponding national references and therefore also allow comparison of the national references of the water triple point. This report presents the results of this comparison and gives detailed information about the measurements made at the BIPM and in the participating laboratories. It was found that the transfer cells show a standard deviation of 50 µK the difference between the extremes is 160 µK. The same spread is observed between the national references. The most important result of this work is that a correlation between the isotopic composition of the cell water and the triple point temperature was observed. To reduce the spread between different realizations, it is therefore proposed that the definition of the kelvin should refer to water of a specified isotopic composition. The CCT recommended to the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) to clarify the definition of the kelvin in the SI brochure by explicitly referring to water with the isotopic composition of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). The CIPM accepted this recommendation and the next edition of the SI brochure will include this specification. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Bilateral Comparison Between NIM and NMC Over the Temperature Range from 83.8058 K to 692.677 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jianping; Ye, Shaochun; Kho, Haoyuan; Zhang, Jintao; Wang, Li

2015-08-01

A bilateral comparison of local realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 between the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) and National Metrology Centre (NMC) was carried out over the temperature range from 83.8058 K to 692.677 K. It involved six fixed points including the argon triple point, the mercury triple point, the triple point of water, the melting point of gallium, the freezing point of tin, and the freezing point of zinc. In 2009, NMC asked NIM to participate in a bilateral comparison to link the NMC results to the Consultative Committee for Thermometry Key Comparison 3 (CCT-K3) and facilitate the NMC's calibration and measurement capabilities submission. This comparison was agreed by NIM and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme in 2009, and registered in the Key Comparison Database in 2010 as CCT-K3.2. NMC supplied two fused silica sheath standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) as traveling standards. One of them was used at the Ga, Sn, and Zn fixed points, while the other one was used at the Ar and Hg fixed points. NMC measured them before and after NIM measured them. During the comparison, a criterion for the SPRT was set as the stability at the triple point of water to be less than 0.3 mK. The results for both laboratories are summarized. A proposal for linking the NMC's comparison results to CCT-K3 is presented. The difference between NMC and NIM and the difference between NMC and the CCT-K3 average reference value using NIM as a link are reported with expanded uncertainties at each measured fixed point.

A Course of Lectures on Statistical Mechanics

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

of mathematics goes a long way to making it tractable. In particular for doing problems in thermodynamics , we’ll stress the following point . For any...disentangle temperature from k. This is done by setting T = 273.16 K at the triple point of water (’ 0.01◦C). Note that the SI unit of the Kelvin...energy, 11 of harmonic oscillator, 66 thermal equilibrium, 19 thermal resistance, 27 triple point of water, 19 ultraviolet catastrophe, 71 validity

Understanding the loss-of-function in a triple missense mutant of DNA polymerase β found in prostate cancer.

PubMed

An, Changlong; Beard, William A; Chen, Desheng; Wilson, Samuel H; Makridakis, Nick M

2013-10-01

Human DNA polymerase (pol) β is essential for base excision repair. We previously reported a triple somatic mutant of pol β (p.P261L/T292A/I298T) found in an early onset prostate tumor. This mutation abolishes polymerase activity, and the wild-type allele was not present in the tumor, indicating a complete deficiency in pol β function. The effect on polymerase activity is unexpected because the point mutations that comprise the triple mutant are not part of the active site. Herein, we demonstrate the mechanism of this loss-of-function. In order to understand the effect of the individual point mutations we biochemically analyzed all single and double mutants that comprise the triple mutant. We found that the p.I298T mutation is responsible for a marked instability of the triple mutant protein at 37˚C. At room temperature the triple mutant's low efficiency is also due to a decrease in the apparent binding affinity for the dNTP substrate, which is due to the p.T292A mutation. Furthermore, the triple mutant displays lower fidelity for transversions in vitro, due to the p.T292A mutation. We conclude that distinct mutations of the triple pol β mutant are responsible for the loss of activity, lower fidelity, and instability observed in vitro.

Automated realization of the gallium melting and triple points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, X.; Duan, Y.; Zhang, J. T.; Wang, W.

2013-09-01

In order to improve the automation and convenience of the process involved in realizing the gallium fixed points, an automated apparatus, based on thermoelectric and heat pipe technologies, was designed and developed. This paper describes the apparatus design and procedures for freezing gallium mantles and realizing gallium melting and triple points. Also, investigations on the melting behavior of a gallium melting point cell and of gallium triple point cells were carried out while controlling the temperature outside the gallium point cells at 30 °C, 30.5 °C, 31 °C, and 31.5 °C. The obtained melting plateau curves show dentate temperature oscillations on the melting plateaus for the gallium point cells when thermal couplings occurred between the outer and inner liquid-solid interfaces. The maximum amplitude of the temperature fluctuations was about 1.5 mK. Therefore, the temperature oscillations can be used to indicate the ending of the equilibrium phase transitions. The duration and amplitude of such temperature oscillations depend on the temperature difference between the setting temperature and the gallium point temperature; the smaller the temperature difference, the longer the duration of both the melting plateaus and the temperature fluctuations.

On the Melting Curve of Sulfur Hexafluoride

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harvey, Allan H.

2017-12-01

A previous correlation for the melting curve of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is inconsistent with the thermodynamic slope at the triple point derived from the Clapeyron equation. It is shown that this is probably due to the previous authors combining an accurate measurement of the triple point with melting-curve data that were distorted by impurities. A new equation is proposed that is consistent with the Clapeyron slope.

Triple point temperature of neon isotopes: Dependence on nitrogen impurity and sealed-cell model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pavese, F.; Steur, P. P. M.; Giraudi, D.

2013-09-11

This paper illustrates a study conducted at INRIM, to further check how some quantities influence the value of the triple point temperature of the neon high-purity isotopes {sup 20}Ne and {sup 22}Ne. The influence of nitrogen as a chemical impurity in neon is critical with regard to the present best total uncertainty achieved in the measurement of these triple points, but only one determination is available in the literature. Checks are reported, performed on two different samples of {sup 22}Ne known to contain a N{sub 2} amount of 157⋅10{sup −6}, using two different models of sealed cells. The model ofmore » the cell can, in principle, have some effects on the shape of the melting plateau or on the triple point temperature observed for the sample sealed in it. This can be due to cell thermal parameters, or because the INRIM cell element mod. c contains many copper wires closely packed, which can, in principle, constrain the interface and induce a premelting-like effect. The reported results on a cell mod. Bter show no evident effect from the cell model and provide a value for the effect of N{sub 2} in Ne liquidus point of 8.6(1.9) μK ppm N{sub 2}{sup −1}, only slightly different from the literature datum.« less

Studies of Second Layer Hydrogens on Graphite: Hydrogen/hd/gr and Hd/hd/gr.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuanming

Quasi-adiabatic heat capacity and volumetric vapor pressure isotherm techniques were used to study the thermodynamic properties of monolayer H_2 adsorbed on HD plated graphite (H_2/HD/Gr) and bilayer HD on bare graphite (HD/HD/Gr). Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements were performed at the Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (LLB) in Saclay, France, to study the mobility of the bilayer HD films. The three techniques complemented each other. Three types of graphite were used: graphite foam for the heat capacity measurements, more loose and homogeneous graphite 'worms' for the isotherm measurements, and Papyex (similar to Grafoil) with a high surface-to-volume ratio for the QENS measurements. The heat capacity study on the mixture system H_2/HD/Gr is a continuation of the previous study on H_2/D _2/Gr by F. C. Liu et al. The results show three peculiar features which have not been seen in the pure bilayer hydrogen films: a tilted triple line, a distorted liquid(L)-vapor(V) coexistence region, and weak heat capacity anomalies at 10.1K. The triple line tilts backwards, from 6.58K to 6.25K as the H2 coverage increases. The lowest triple point temperature (6.25K) is still higher than both 5.96K of H_2/H _2/Gr (Wiechert et al.) and 5.74K of H_2/D_2/Gr (F. C. Liu et al.). The behavior of the triple line can be semi-quantitatively explained by a model of interlayer mixing which is based on the consideration that interlayer mixing lowers the system's free energy. The distortion of the L-V region and appearance of weak heat capacity anomalies are also believed to be due to interlayer mixing. The heat capacity measurements on HD/HD/Gr show a phase diagram similar to those of H_2 /H_2/MgO, H_2 /H_2/Gr, and 3D van der Waals systems, with the 2D triple and critical points at T _{t} = 8.44K and T_ {c} = 11.45K. The entropy change and heat of fusion at the triple point melting in HD/HD/Gr are comparable with those of H_2/H _2/Gr and D_2/D _2/Gr, but are considerably less (only about 1/3) than the ones of H_2/H _2/MgO. The vapor pressure isotherm measurements discover a relatively narrow solid(S)-liquid(L) coexistence region, confirming the small solid-liquid density difference expected from the relatively small entropy change upon the triple point melting. The triple point and critical point temperatures determined by the isotherms are consistent with the heat capacity measurements. The preliminary results of the QENS measurements show that the phase existing above T_{t } in the 2nd layer HD is a 2D liquid with a diffusion coefficient about 1/2-1/3 of that of the bulk liquid at its triple point (T_{t} (3D) = 16.60K), while surprisingly showing that there is a substantial liquid fraction and mobility at least 1^circK below the solidification temperature.

Migration of grain boundaries and triple junctions in high-purity aluminum during annealing after slight cold rolling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, Wenhong; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049; Wang, Weiguo, E-mail: wang_weiguo@vip.163.com

Grain orientations and grain boundary migrations near triple junctions in a high purity aluminum were analyzed by electron back scattered diffraction. The results indicate that there are good correlations between the Schmid factors or Taylor factors and the misorientation values of point to original point in grains near the triple junctions in a slightly deformed sample. Grains with higher Schmid factors or lower Taylor factors typically correspond to higher misorientation values near the triple junctions. In a subsequent annealing at 400 °C, both grain boundaries and triple junctions migrate, but the former leave ghost lines. During such migration, a grainmore » boundary grows from the grain with lower Schmid factor (higher Taylor factor) into the grain with higher Schmid factor (lower Taylor factor). Usually, the amount of migration of a grain boundary is considerably greater than that of a triple junction, and the grain boundary becomes more curved after migration. These observations indicate that the triple junctions have drag effects on grain boundary migration. - Highlights: • Polycrystalline aluminum with fine grains about 30 μm were used. • Off-line in situ EBSD was used to identify TJs before and after annealing. • Grains with higher SFs have higher misorientation values near TJs after deformation. • Grain boundaries grow from hard grains into soft grains during annealing. • Triple junctions have drag effects on grain boundaries migration.« less

Complete phase diagram of DNA unzipping: eye, Y fork, and triple point.

PubMed

Kapri, Rajeev; Bhattacharjee, Somendra M; Seno, Flavio

2004-12-10

We study the unzipping of double stranded DNA by applying a pulling force at a fraction s (0< or =s < or =1) from the anchored end. From exact analytical and numerical results, the complete phase diagram is presented. The phase diagram shows a strong ensemble dependence for various values of s. In addition, we show the existence of an eye phase and a triple point.

Realization of the Gallium Triple Point at NMIJ/AIST

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, T.; Tamura, O.; Sakurai, H.

2008-02-01

The triple point of gallium has been realized by a calorimetric method using capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers (CSPRTs) and a small glass cell containing about 97 mmol (6.8 g) of gallium with a nominal purity of 99.99999%. The melting curve shows a very flat and relatively linear dependence on 1/ F in the region from 1/ F = 1 to 1/ F = 20 with a narrow width of the melting curve within 0.1 mK. Also, a large gallium triple-point cell was fabricated for the calibration of client-owned CSPRTs. The gallium triple-point cell consists of a PTFE crucible and a PTFE cap with a re-entrant well and a small vent. The PTFE cell contains 780 g of gallium from the same source as used for the small glass cell. The PTFE cell is completely covered by a stainless-steel jacket with a valve to enable evacuation of the cell. The melting curve of the large cell shows a flat plateau that remains within 0.03 mK over 10 days and that is reproducible within 0.05 mK over 8 months. The calibrated value of a CSPRT obtained using the large cell agrees with that obtained using the small glass cell within the uncertainties of the calibrations.

Accurate Acoustic Thermometry I: The Triple Point of Gallium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moldover, M. R.; Trusler, J. P. M.

1988-01-01

The speed of sound in argon has been accurately measured in the pressure range 25-380 kPa at the temperature of the triple point of gallium (Tg) and at 340 kPa at the temperature of the triple point of water (Tt). The results are combined with previously published thermodynamic and transport property data to obtain Tg = (302.9169 +/- 0.0005) K on the thermodynamic scale. Among recent determinations of T68 (the temperature on IPTS-68) at the gallium triple point, those with the smallest measurement uncertainty fall in the range 302.923 71 to 302.923 98 K. We conclude that T-T68 = (-6.9 +/- 0.5) mK near 303 K, in agreement with results obtained from other primary thermometers. The speed of sound was measured with a spherical resonator. The volume and thermal expansion of the resonator were determined by weighing the mercury required to fill it at Tt and Tg. The largest part of the standard error in the present determination of Tg is systematic. It results from imperfect knowledge of the thermal expansion of mercury between Tt and Tg. Smaller parts of the error result from imperfections in the measurement of the temperature of the resonator and of the resonance frequencies.

Polygonal Triples and the Double Ruling of a Hyperboloid

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yiu, Paul

2012-01-01

For a given positive integer k [not equal] 4, let "P[subscript k,n]" denote the "n"-th "k"-gonal number. We study "k"-gonal triples ("a", "b", "c") satisfying P[subscript k,a] + P[subscript k,b] = P[subscript k,c]. A "k"-gonal triple corresponds to a rational point on the rectangular hyperboloid x[squared] + y[squared] = z[squared] + 1. The simple…

Dual Antithrombotic Therapy with Dabigatran after PCI in Atrial Fibrillation.

PubMed

Cannon, Christopher P; Bhatt, Deepak L; Oldgren, Jonas; Lip, Gregory Y H; Ellis, Stephen G; Kimura, Takeshi; Maeng, Michael; Merkely, Bela; Zeymer, Uwe; Gropper, Savion; Nordaby, Matias; Kleine, Eva; Harper, Ruth; Manassie, Jenny; Januzzi, James L; Ten Berg, Jurrien M; Steg, P Gabriel; Hohnloser, Stefan H

2017-10-19

Triple antithrombotic therapy with warfarin plus two antiplatelet agents is the standard of care after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with atrial fibrillation, but this therapy is associated with a high risk of bleeding. In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 2725 patients with atrial fibrillation who had undergone PCI to triple therapy with warfarin plus a P2Y 12 inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) and aspirin (for 1 to 3 months) (triple-therapy group) or dual therapy with dabigatran (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily) plus a P2Y 12 inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) and no aspirin (110-mg and 150-mg dual-therapy groups). Outside the United States, elderly patients (≥80 years of age; ≥70 years of age in Japan) were randomly assigned to the 110-mg dual-therapy group or the triple-therapy group. The primary end point was a major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding event during follow-up (mean follow-up, 14 months). The trial also tested for the noninferiority of dual therapy with dabigatran (both doses combined) to triple therapy with warfarin with respect to the incidence of a composite efficacy end point of thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or systemic embolism), death, or unplanned revascularization. The incidence of the primary end point was 15.4% in the 110-mg dual-therapy group as compared with 26.9% in the triple-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.63; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P<0.001 for superiority) and 20.2% in the 150-mg dual-therapy group as compared with 25.7% in the corresponding triple-therapy group, which did not include elderly patients outside the United States (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.88; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The incidence of the composite efficacy end point was 13.7% in the two dual-therapy groups combined as compared with 13.4% in the triple-therapy group (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.29; P=0.005 for noninferiority). The rate of serious adverse events did not differ significantly among the groups. Among patients with atrial fibrillation who had undergone PCI, the risk of bleeding was lower among those who received dual therapy with dabigatran and a P2Y 12 inhibitor than among those who received triple therapy with warfarin, a P2Y 12 inhibitor, and aspirin. Dual therapy was noninferior to triple therapy with respect to the risk of thromboembolic events. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; RE-DUAL PCI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02164864 .).

Large scale production of densified hydrogen to the triple point and below

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swanger, A. M.; Notardonato, W. U.; E Fesmire, J.; Jumper, K. M.; Johnson, W. L.; Tomsik, T. M.

2017-12-01

Recent demonstration of advanced liquid hydrogen storage techniques using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage technology at NASA Kennedy Space Center led to the production of large quantities of densified liquid and slush hydrogen in a 125,000 L tank. Production of densified hydrogen was performed at three different liquid levels and LH2 temperatures were measured by twenty silicon diode temperature sensors. Overall densification performance of the system is explored, and solid mass fractions are calculated. Experimental data reveal hydrogen temperatures dropped well below the triple point during testing, and were continuing to trend downward prior to system shutdown. Sub-triple point temperatures were seen to evolve in a time dependent manner along the length of the horizontal, cylindrical vessel. The phenomenon, observed at two fill levels, is detailed herein. The implications of using IRAS for energy storage, propellant densification, and future cryofuel systems are discussed.

Large Scale Production of Densified Hydrogen to the Triple Point and Below

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swanger, A. M.; Notardonato, W. U.; Fesmire, J. E.; Jumper, K. M.; Johnson, W. L.; Tomsik, T. M.

2017-01-01

Recent demonstration of advanced liquid hydrogen storage techniques using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage technology at NASA Kennedy Space Center led to the production of large quantities of densified liquid and slush hydrogen in a 125,000 L tank. Production of densified hydrogen was performed at three different liquid levels and LH2 temperatures were measured by twenty silicon diode temperature sensors. Overall densification performance of the system is explored, and solid mass fractions are calculated. Experimental data reveal hydrogen temperatures dropped well below the triple point during testing, and were continuing to trend downward prior to system shutdown. Sub-triple point temperatures were seen to evolve in a time dependent manner along the length of the horizontal, cylindrical vessel. The phenomenon, observed at two fill levels, is detailed herein. The implications of using IRAS for energy storage, propellant densification, and future cryofuel systems are discussed.

Thermodynamic characterization of a triple-helical three-way junction containing a Hoogsteen branch point.

PubMed

Hüsler, P L; Klump, H H

1995-09-10

We have designed a Hoogsteen (HG) triple-helical three-way junction (ternary complex) constructed from three 33-mer oligonucleotides based on the same subset of sequences used for the Watson-Crick (WC) triple-helical three-way junction, characterized previously (P. L. Hüsler and H. H. Klump (1994) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 313, 29-38). The junction differs primarily in the assembly of the branch point and the ends of the arms. The three oligonucleotides can each fold into a WC hairpin, linked by a four-member cytosine loop, each containing a homo-pyrimidine 10-mer single-strand extension. On lowering the pH (between 6 and 4), the extensions mutually associate to one of the other hairpins via Hoogsteen (HG) hydrogen bonding. Collectively, this process results in the formation of the branch point and the triple-helical arms. The HG triple-helical three-way junction is characterized by gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, uv melting, and differential scanning calorimetry. The junction undergoes thermal unfolding in two distinct temperature regions. In the temperature range 15 to 50 degrees C loss of HG base pairing results in the dissociation of the three-way junction. Between 55 and 95 degrees C the resulting hairpins undergo further successive unfolding. The overall calorimetric unfolding enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the loss of HG base pairing are approximately equal to the sum of the enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the dissociation of the HG base pairing in the isolated arms (170.6 kcal.mol-1; 540.1 cal.mol-1.K-1). It is apparent from these results that in the proximity of the branch point the structure is not perturb or strain. This result is contrary to the results obtained for the WC triple-helical three-way and for three-way junctions constructed from canonical double-helical DNA. Complete folding of the junction requires either high Na+ (600 mM) ion concentrations or 40-60 mM Mg2+.

Comparison of the triple-point temperatures of {sup 20}Ne, {sup 22}Ne and normal Ne

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakano, T.; Tamura, O.; Nagao, K.

2013-09-11

At the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), the triple points of {sup 20}Ne and {sup 22}Ne were realized using modular sealed cells, Ec3Ne20 and Ec8Ne22, made by the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM) in Italy. The difference of the triple-point temperatures of {sup 20}Ne and {sup 22}Ne was estimated by using the sub-range of standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) calibrated by NMIJ on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). The melting curves obtained with the Ec3Ne20 and Ec8Ne22 cells show narrow widths (0.1 mK) over a wide range of the inverse of the melted fraction (1/F) frommore » 1/F=1 to 1/F=10. The liquidus point T{sub tp} estimated by the melting curves from F∼0.5 to F∼0.85 using the Ec8Ne22 is 0.146 29 (4) K higher than that using the Ec3Ne20 cell, which is in good agreement with that observed by INRiM using the same cells. After correction of the effect of impurities and other isotopes for Ec3Ne20 and Ec8Ne22 cells, the difference of T{sub tp} between pure {sup 20}Ne and pure {sup 22}Ne is estimated to be 0.146 61 (4) K, which is consistent with the recent results reported elsewhere. The sub-ranges of SPRTs computed by using the triple point of {sup 20}Ne or {sup 22}Ne realized by the Ec3Ne20 cell or the Ec8Ne22 cell in place of the triple point of Ne for the defining fixed point of the ITS-90 are in good agreement with those realized on the basis of the ITS-90 at NMIJ within 0.03 mK, which is much smaller than the non-uniqueness and the sub-range inconsistency of SPRTs.« less

High voltage photoconductive switch package

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Caporaso, George J.

2016-11-22

A photoconductive switch having a wide bandgap material substrate between opposing electrodes, and a doped dielectric filler that is in contact with both the electrodes and the substrate at the triple point. The dielectric filler material is doped with a conductive material to make it partially or completely conducting, to minimize the field enhancement near the triple point both when the substrate is not conducting in the "off" state and when the substrate is rendered conducting by radiation in the "on" state.

Low temperature binary gas mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McIntosh, Glen E.; Leonard, Kenneth R.

2017-12-01

Application of partial pressure technology to combinations of one gas above its critical temperature (helium) mixed with a two-phase liquid (nitrogen) can result in liquid temperatures down to and below the nitrogen triple point. The thermodynamics of this process is developed and an experimental apparatus is described which was used to produce a helium/nitrogen bath temperature of 59.17 K, 4 K lower than the 63.2 K nitrogen triple point and lower than any liquid nitrogen temperature reported in the literature.

Comparison between the liquidus temperature and triple-point temperature of tin realized by heat pulse-based melting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joung, Wukchul; Pearce, Jonathan V.; Park, Jihye

2018-06-01

In this work, the consistency of the heat pulse-based melting technique, which was used to determine the liquidus temperature of tin, was examined by comparing the liquidus temperatures of tin at 101 325 Pa and at the vapour pressure of tin (i.e. the triple-point temperature), both of which were realized by heat pulse-based melting. Periodic square wave-type temperature steps with an amplitude of 0.7 °C were generated in the isothermal region of the pressure-controlled loop heat pipe, and the tin sample, having a segregated impurity distribution established by the prior outward slow freezing, was melted by application of the temperature step-based heat pulses. The triple-point temperature was found to be lower than the liquidus temperature of tin at 101 325 Pa by 3.23 mK with an expanded measurement uncertainty of 0.24 mK (i.e. a coverage factor of k  =  2), while the ideal temperature difference calculated from the ITS-90 given pressure coefficient (i.e. 3.3  ×  10‑8 K Pa‑1) is about 3.34 mK. The difference between the measured temperature difference and ideal temperature difference was attributed to the incomplete removal of the gases in the tin triple-point cell. Overall, these results further corroborated the notion that the heat pulse-based melting technique was shown to yield results consistent with the prescription of the ITS-90, and to be a reliable method in terms of the realization of the fixed-point temperatures.

Report on NIM-NMC bilateral comparison: SPRT calibration comparison from -190°C to 420°C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jianping; Ye, Shaochun; Wang, Li; Zhang, Jintao; Kho, Haoyuan

2016-01-01

A bilateral comparison of local realization of the International temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90) between National Institute of Metrology (NIM) and National Metrology Centre (NMC) was carried out over the temperature range from -190°C to 420°C. It involved six fixed points including the argon triple point, the mercury triple point, the triple point of water, the melting point of gallium, the freezing point of tin and the freezing point of zinc. In 2009, NMC asked NIM to participate in a bilateral comparison to link the NMC results to the Consultative Committee for Thermometry Key comparison 3 (CCT-K3) and facilitate the NMC's Calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) submission. This comparison was agreed by NIM and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in 2009, and registered in the Key Comparison Database (KCDB) in 2010 as CCT-K3.2. NMC supplied two 25 Ω fused silica sheath standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) as traveling standards. One of them was used at the Ga, Sn and Zn fixed points, while the other one was used at the Ar and Hg fixed point. NMC measured them before and after NIM measurement. During the comparison, a criterion for the SPRT was set as the stability at the triple point of water to be less than 0.3 mK. The results for both laboratories are summarized. A proposal for linking the NMC's comparison results to CCT-K3 is presented. The difference between NMC and NIM and the difference between NMC and the CCT-K3 Average Reference Value (ARV) using NIM as a link are reported with expanded uncertainties at each measured fixed point. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

CRITICAL CURVES AND CAUSTICS OF TRIPLE-LENS MODELS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daněk, Kamil; Heyrovský, David, E-mail: kamil.danek@utf.mff.cuni.cz, E-mail: heyrovsky@utf.mff.cuni.cz

2015-06-10

Among the 25 planetary systems detected up to now by gravitational microlensing, there are two cases of a star with two planets, and two cases of a binary star with a planet. Other, yet undetected types of triple lenses include triple stars or stars with a planet with a moon. The analysis and interpretation of such events is hindered by the lack of understanding of essential characteristics of triple lenses, such as their critical curves and caustics. We present here analytical and numerical methods for mapping the critical-curve topology and caustic cusp number in the parameter space of n-point-mass lenses.more » We apply the methods to the analysis of four symmetric triple-lens models, and obtain altogether 9 different critical-curve topologies and 32 caustic structures. While these results include various generic types, they represent just a subset of all possible triple-lens critical curves and caustics. Using the analyzed models, we demonstrate interesting features of triple lenses that do not occur in two-point-mass lenses. We show an example of a lens that cannot be described by the Chang–Refsdal model in the wide limit. In the close limit we demonstrate unusual structures of primary and secondary caustic loops, and explain the conditions for their occurrence. In the planetary limit we find that the presence of a planet may lead to a whole sequence of additional caustic metamorphoses. We show that a pair of planets may change the structure of the primary caustic even when placed far from their resonant position at the Einstein radius.« less

Argon Triple-Point Device for Calibration of SPRTs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kołodziej, B.; Manuszkiewicz, H.; Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.; Lipiński, L.; Kowal, A.; Steur, P. P. M.; Pavese, F.

2015-03-01

This paper presents an apparatus for the calibration of long-stem platinum resistance thermometers at the argon triple point , designed at the Institute of Low Temperature and Structural Research, Poland (INTiBS). A hermetically sealed cell filled at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy with high purity gas (6N) is the main element of this apparatus. The cell is placed in a cryostat fully immersed in liquid nitrogen. A temperature-controlled shield ensures the quasi-adiabatic condition needed for proper realization of the phase transition. A system for correcting the temperature distribution along the thermometer well is also implemented. The cell cooling and argon solidification is carried out by filling the thermometer well with liquid nitrogen. A LabVIEW computer program written at INTiBS automatically controls the triple-point realization process. The duration of a melting plateau in the apparatus lasts for about 24 h. The melting width for between 20 % and 80 % was mK. The reproducibility of the plateau temperature is better than.

Unsteady self-sustained detonation in flake aluminum dust/air mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Q.; Li, S.; Huang, J.; Zhang, Y.

2017-07-01

Self-sustained detonation waves in flake aluminum dust/air mixtures have been studied in a tube of diameter 199 mm and length 32.4 m. A pressure sensor array of 32 sensors mounted around certain circumferences of the tube was used to measure the shape of the detonation front in the circumferential direction and pressure histories of the detonation wave. A two-head spin detonation wave front was observed for the aluminum dust/air mixtures, and the cellular structure resulting from the spinning movement of the triple point was analyzed. The variations in velocity and overpressure of the detonation wave with propagation distance in a cell were studied. The interactions of waves in triple-point configurations were analyzed and the flow-field parameters were calculated. Three types of triple-point configuration have been found in the wave front of the detonation wave of an aluminum dust/air mixture. Both strong and weak transverse waves exist in the unstable self-sustained detonation wave.

In-tank thermodynamics of slush hydrogen for the National Aerospace Plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cady, E. C.; Flaska, T. L.; Worrell, P. K.

A series of 14 pressurization and expulsion tests were performed with triple point and slush hydrogen in a horizontally positioned 1.9 cu m (500-gallon) cryogenic tank. The tank was instrumented to determine temperature distribution in the ullage gas and liquid/slush. The pressurization gas was nominally 80 K gaseous helium (GHe) and/or 300 K gaseous hydrogen (GH). The test results showed that there were marked differences in pressurization performance between GHe and GH, and with liquid or slush hydrogen. Pressurization of slush hydrogen with warm GH was much more rapid and efficient than with cold GHe. In addition, GHe pressurization of slush hydrogen took twice as long as pressurization of triple point hydrogen, while GH pressurization of triple point and slush hydrogen took about the same time. Pressurization and expulsion pressurization using GH resulted in substantial ullage pressure collapse at initiation of expulsion (possibly due to surging in the warm outflow line leading to interface disruption and ullage condensation.

Analysis of the Comparison of TPW Realizations in Europe in Light of CCT Recommendation 2 (CI-2005)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Renaot, E.; Valin, M. H.; Elgourdou, M.

2008-06-01

Three comparisons of different triple-point-of-water (TPW) realizations in Europe have been organized under the auspices of EUROMET (EUROMET Projects 278, 549, and 714). Thirty European national metrology institutes were involved in these three comparisons that took place from 1994 to 2005. The aim of these successive projects was to assess the uncertainties associated with the practical realization of the triple point of water in Europe. Fifty-four TPW local cells were compared to a traveling standard cell (ref 679) circulated with an isothermal enclosure. The same equipment was used for the three projects, and LNE-INM regularly checked the stability of the TPW standard cell. Recently, LNE-INM has devoted efforts to bring the French standard at the triple point of water into close agreement with CIPM Recommendation 2 (CI-2005). The isotopic fractionation between water and ice when the cell is in use was experimentally studied. Several new TPW cells delivered by the manufacturer with water samples were added to our batch of reference cells. A French laboratory analyzed the isotopic compositions of these samples. These actions allow the French national definition of temperature at the triple point of water to be changed. A new temperature was associated with TPW cell 679 in agreement with the CIPM recommendation. In this presentation, the latest TPW cell measurements carried out by LNE-INM are presented. The results from EUROMET Projects 278, 549, and 714 are investigated in light of these changes.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jaques, A.

The data presented in these tables were gathered with the use of the Fortran program FLUIDS which was provided by the National Bureau of Standards. Fluid properties at transitional boundaries and points are those obtained with the best fit equation or formula for that particular fluid. Consequently, at such divergent points as the triple and critical points, the accuracy of the properties given by FLUIDS can be off up to 10% in some cases. In listing the critical and triple point conditions within, values were taken from the National Bureau of Standards' publication ''Thermodynamic Properties of Argon'', not from FLUIDS.more » Outside of these two points, however, the error in FLUIDS is minimal, thus all other data in these tables were obtained through FLUIDS. The Temperature-Entropy Chart for Argon is also taken from NBS' ''Thermodynamic Properties of Argon''.« less

Succinonitrile Purification Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

The Succinonitrile (SCN) Purification Facility provides succinonitrile and succinonitrile alloys to several NRA selected investigations for flight and ground research at various levels of purity. The purification process employed includes both distillation and zone refining. Once the appropriate purification process is completed, samples are characterized to determine the liquidus and/or solidus temperature, which is then related to sample purity. The lab has various methods for measuring these temperatures with accuracies in the milliKelvin to tenths of milliKelvin range. The ultra-pure SCN produced in our facility is indistinguishable from the standard material provided by NIST to well within the stated +/- 1.5mK of the NIST triple point cells. In addition to delivering material to various investigations, our current activities include process improvement, characterization of impurities and triple point cell design and development. The purification process is being evaluated for each of the four vendors to determine the efficacy of each purification step. We are also collecting samples of the remainder from distillation and zone refining for analysis of the constituent impurities. The large triple point cells developed will contain SCN with a melting point of 58.0642 C +/- 1.5mK for use as a calibration standard for Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs).

Triple flames and flame stabilization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broadwell, James E.

1994-01-01

It is now well established that when turbulent jet flames are lifted, combustion begins, i.e., the flame is stabilized, at an axial station where the fuel and air are partially premixed. One might expect, therefore, that the beginning of the combustion zone would be a triple flame. Such flames have been described; however, other experiments provide data that are difficult to reconcile with the presence of triple flames. In particular, laser images of CH and OH, marking combustion zones, do not exhibit shapes typical of triple flames, and, more significantly, the lifted flame appears to have a propagation speed that is an order of magnitude higher than the laminar flame speed. The speed of triple flames studied thus far exceeds the laminar value by a factor less than two. The objective of the present task is the resolution of the apparent conflict between the experiments and the triple flame characteristics, and the clarification of the mechanisms controlling flame stability. Being investigated are the resolution achieved in the experiments, the flow field in the neighborhood of the stabilization point, propagation speeds of triple flames, laboratory flame unsteadiness, and the importance of flame ignition limits in the calculation of triple flames that resemble lifted flames.

Perturbative triples correction for local pair natural orbital based explicitly correlated CCSD(F12*) using Laplace transformation techniques.

PubMed

Schmitz, Gunnar; Hättig, Christof

2016-12-21

We present an implementation of pair natural orbital coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples, PNO-CCSD(T), which avoids the quasi-canonical triples approximation (T0) where couplings due to off-diagonal Fock matrix elements are neglected. A numerical Laplace transformation of the canonical expression for the perturbative (T) triples correction is used to avoid an I/O and storage bottleneck for the triples amplitudes. Results for a test set of reaction energies show that only very few Laplace grid points are needed to obtain converged energy differences and that PNO-CCSD(T) is a more robust approximation than PNO-CCSD(T0) with a reduced mean absolute deviation from canonical CCSD(T) results. We combine the PNO-based (T) triples correction with the explicitly correlated PNO-CCSD(F12*) method and investigate the use of specialized F12-PNOs in the conventional triples correction. We find that no significant additional errors are introduced and that PNO-CCSD(F12*)(T) can be applied in a black box manner.

A tunable few electron triple quantum dot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaudreau, L.; Kam, A.; Granger, G.; Studenikin, S. A.; Zawadzki, P.; Sachrajda, A. S.

2009-11-01

In this paper, we report on a tunable few electron lateral triple quantum dot design. The quantum dot potentials are arranged in series. The device is aimed at studies of triple quantum dot properties where knowing the exact number of electrons is important as well as quantum information applications involving electron spin qubits. We demonstrate tuning strategies for achieving required resonant conditions such as quadruple points where all three quantum dots are on resonance. We find that in such a device resonant conditions at specific configurations are accompanied by complex charge transfer behavior.

Accurate experimental determination of the isotope effects on the triple point temperature of water. I. Dependence on the 2H abundance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faghihi, V.; Peruzzi, A.; Aerts-Bijma, A. T.; Jansen, H. G.; Spriensma, J. J.; van Geel, J.; Meijer, H. A. J.

2015-12-01

Variation in the isotopic composition of water is one of the major contributors to uncertainty in the realization of the triple point of water (TPW). Although the dependence of the TPW on the isotopic composition of the water has been known for years, there is still a lack of a detailed and accurate experimental determination of the values for the correction constants. This paper is the first of two articles (Part I and Part II) that address quantification of isotope abundance effects on the triple point temperature of water. In this paper, we describe our experimental assessment of the 2H isotope effect. We manufactured five triple point cells with prepared water mixtures with a range of 2H isotopic abundances encompassing widely the natural abundance range, while the 18O and 17O isotopic abundance were kept approximately constant and the 18O  -  17O ratio was close to the Meijer-Li relationship for natural waters. The selected range of 2H isotopic abundances led to cells that realised TPW temperatures between approximately  -140 μK to  +2500 μK with respect to the TPW temperature as realized by VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). Our experiment led to determination of the value for the δ2H correction parameter of A2H  =  673 μK / (‰ deviation of δ2H from VSMOW) with a combined uncertainty of 4 μK (k  =  1, or 1σ).

Triple points and phase diagrams in the extended phase space of charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Shao-Wen; Liu, Yu-Xiao

2014-08-01

We study the triple points and phase diagrams in the extended phase space of the charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in d-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, where the cosmological constant appears as a dynamical pressure of the system and its conjugate quantity is the thermodynamic volume of the black holes. Employing the equation of state T=T(v,P), we demonstrate that the information of the phase transition and behavior of the Gibbs free energy are potential encoded in the T-v (T-rh) line with fixed pressure P. We get the phase diagrams for the charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes with different values of the charge Q and dimension d. The result shows that the small/large black hole phase transitions appear for any d, which is reminiscent of the liquid/gas transition of a Van der Waals type. Moreover, the interesting thermodynamic phenomena, i.e., the triple points and the small/intermediate/large black hole phase transitions are observed for d=6 and Q ∈(0.1705,0.1946).

Detailed Investigation of Self-Similarity of Strong Shock Reflection Phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobayashi, Susumu; Adachi, Takashi

2012-04-01

This paper experimentally investigates the validity of self-similarity of strong shock reflection phenomena in a shock tube. The models used for the shock-tube experiment are ordinary wedges with various reflecting wedge angles. The triple-point trajectory is approximately a straight line through the wedge apex for each reflecting wedge. However, a detailed measurement of the angle made by the incident and reflected shocks shows that the wave angle varies as the incident shock proceeds. This means that the shock reflection configuration deviates from self-similarity. The most remarkable phenomenon is the dynamic transition from regular to Mach reflection during shock propagation, where the validity of self-similarity breaks down. The flow-field behind the Mach stem is subsonic with respect to the triple point, so the condition on the solid boundary can catch up with the triple point and affect the flow around it. We also explain why the discrepancy between theory and experiment has gone unnoticed for strong shock waves and demonstrate that it is due to the transport properties of the fluid, such as the viscosity.

Geodynamical simulation of the RRF triple junction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z.; Wei, D.; Liu, M.; Shi, Y.; Wang, S.

2017-12-01

Triple junction is the point at which three plate boundaries meet. Three plates at the triple junction form a complex geological tectonics, which is a natural laboratory to study the interactions of plates. This work studies a special triple junction, the oceanic transform fault intersects the collinear ridges with different-spreading rates, which is free of influence of ridge-transform faults and nearby hotspots. First, we build 3-D numerical model of this triple junction used to calculate the stead-state velocity and temperature fields resulting from advective and conductive heat transfer. We discuss in detail the influence of the velocity and temperature fields of the triple junction from viscosity, spreading rate of the ridge. The two sides of the oceanic transform fault are different sensitivities to the two factors. And, the influence of the velocity mainly occurs within 200km of the triple junction. Then, we modify the model by adding a ridge-transform fault to above model and directly use the velocity structure of the Macquarie triple junction. The simulation results show that the temperature at both sides of the oceanic transform fault decreases gradually from the triple junction, but the temperature difference between the two sides is a constant about 200°. And, there is little effect of upwelling velocity away from the triple junction 100km. The model results are compared with observational data. The heat flux and thermal topography along the oceanic transform fault of this model are consistent with the observed data of the Macquarie triple junction. The earthquakes are strike slip distributed along the oceanic transform fault. Their depths are also consistent with the zone of maximum shear stress. This work can help us to understand the interactions of plates of triple junctions and help us with the foundation for the future study of triple junctions.

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ammonia from the Triple Point to 725 K and up to 50 MPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monogenidou, S. A.; Assael, M. J.; Huber, M. L.

2018-06-01

This paper presents a new wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of ammonia based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is designed to be used with a recently developed equation of state, and it is valid from the triple point to 725 K at pressures up to 50 MPa. The estimated uncertainty varies depending on the temperature and pressure, from 0.6% to 5%. The correlation behaves in a physically reasonable manner when extrapolated to 100 MPa; however, care should be taken when using the correlation outside of the validated range.

Coherent Transport in a Linear Triple Quantum Dot Made from a Pure-Phase InAs Nanowire.

PubMed

Wang, Ji-Yin; Huang, Shaoyun; Huang, Guang-Yao; Pan, Dong; Zhao, Jianhua; Xu, H Q

2017-07-12

A highly tunable linear triple quantum dot (TQD) device is realized in a single-crystalline pure-phase InAs nanowire using a local finger gate technique. The electrical measurements show that the charge stability diagram of the TQD can be represented by three kinds of current lines of different slopes and a simulation performed based on a capacitance matrix model confirms the experiment. We show that each current line observable in the charge stability diagram is associated with a case where a QD is on resonance with the Fermi level of the source and drain reservoirs. At a triple point where two current lines of different slopes move together but show anticrossing, two QDs are on resonance with the Fermi level of the reservoirs. We demonstrate that an energetically degenerated quadruple point at which all three QDs are on resonance with the Fermi level of the reservoirs can be built by moving two separated triple points together via sophistically tuning of energy levels in the three QDs. We also demonstrate the achievement of direct coherent electron transfer between the two remote QDs in the TQD, realizing a long-distance coherent quantum bus operation. Such a long-distance coherent coupling could be used to investigate coherent spin teleportation and superexchange effects and to construct a spin qubit with an improved long coherent time and with spin state detection solely by sensing the charge states.

Three-frequency BDS precise point positioning ambiguity resolution based on raw observables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Pan; Zhang, Xiaohong; Ge, Maorong; Schuh, Harald

2018-02-01

All BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) satellites are transmitting signals on three frequencies, which brings new opportunity and challenges for high-accuracy precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution (AR). This paper proposes an effective uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation and AR strategy which is based on a raw PPP model. First, triple-frequency raw PPP models are developed. The observation model and stochastic model are designed and extended to accommodate the third frequency. Then, the UPD is parameterized in raw frequency form while estimating with the high-precision and low-noise integer linear combination of float ambiguity which are derived by ambiguity decorrelation. Third, with UPD corrected, the LAMBDA method is used for resolving full or partial ambiguities which can be fixed. This method can be easily and flexibly extended for dual-, triple- or even more frequency. To verify the effectiveness and performance of triple-frequency PPP AR, tests with real BDS data from 90 stations lasting for 21 days were performed in static mode. Data were processed with three strategies: BDS triple-frequency ambiguity-float PPP, BDS triple-frequency PPP with dual-frequency (B1/B2) and three-frequency AR, respectively. Numerous experiment results showed that compared with the ambiguity-float solution, the performance in terms of convergence time and positioning biases can be significantly improved by AR. Among three groups of solutions, the triple-frequency PPP AR achieved the best performance. Compared with dual-frequency AR, additional the third frequency could apparently improve the position estimations during the initialization phase and under constraint environments when the dual-frequency PPP AR is limited by few satellite numbers.

Investigation of the Parameters of Sealed Triple-Point Cells for Cryogenic Gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fellmuth, B.; Wolber, L.

2011-01-01

An overview of the parameters of a large number of sealed triple-point cells for the cryogenic gases hydrogen, oxygen, neon, and argon is given that have been determined within the framework of an international star intercomparison to optimize the measurement of melting curves as well as to establish complete and reliable uncertainty budgets for the realization of temperature fixed points. Special emphasis is given to the question, whether the parameters are primarily influenced by the cell design or the properties of the fixed-point samples. For explaining surprisingly large periods of the thermal recovery after the heat pulses of the intermittent heating through the melting range, a simple model is developed based on a newly defined heat-capacity equivalent, which considers the heat of fusion and a melting-temperature inhomogeneity. The analysis of the recovery using a graded set of exponential functions containing different time constants is also explained in detail.

Multiple tipping points and optimal repairing in interacting networks

PubMed Central

Majdandzic, Antonio; Braunstein, Lidia A.; Curme, Chester; Vodenska, Irena; Levy-Carciente, Sary; Eugene Stanley, H.; Havlin, Shlomo

2016-01-01

Systems composed of many interacting dynamical networks—such as the human body with its biological networks or the global economic network consisting of regional clusters—often exhibit complicated collective dynamics. Three fundamental processes that are typically present are failure, damage spread and recovery. Here we develop a model for such systems and find a very rich phase diagram that becomes increasingly more complex as the number of interacting networks increases. In the simplest example of two interacting networks we find two critical points, four triple points, ten allowed transitions and two ‘forbidden' transitions, as well as complex hysteresis loops. Remarkably, we find that triple points play the dominant role in constructing the optimal repairing strategy in damaged interacting systems. To test our model, we analyse an example of real interacting financial networks and find evidence of rapid dynamical transitions between well-defined states, in agreement with the predictions of our model. PMID:26926803

Exploration of Impinging Water Spray Heat Transfer at System Pressures Near the Triple Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golliher, Eric L.; Yao, Shi-Chune

2013-01-01

The heat transfer of a water spray impinging upon a surface in a very low pressure environment is of interest to cooling of space vehicles during launch and re-entry, and to industrial processes where flash evaporation occurs. At very low pressure, the process occurs near the triple point of water, and there exists a transient multiphase transport problem of ice, water and water vapor. At the impingement location, there are three heat transfer mechanisms: evaporation, freezing and sublimation. A preliminary heat transfer model was developed to explore the interaction of these mechanisms at the surface and within the spray.

Binding affinity and adhesion force of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme with soil particles related to the isoelectric point of the enzyme.

PubMed

Islam, Shah Md Asraful; Yeasmin, Shabina; Islam, Md Saiful; Islam, Md Shariful

2017-07-01

The binding affinity of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme (OphB) with soil particles in relation to the isoelectric point (pI) was studied. Immobilization of OphB with soil particles was observed by confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The calculated pI of OphB enzyme was increased from 8.69 to 8.89, 9.04 and 9.16 by the single, double and triple mutant of OphB enzyme, respectively through the replacement of negatively charged aspartate with positively charged histidine. Practically, the binding affinity was increased to 5.30%, 11.50%, and 16.80% for single, double and triple mutants, respectively. In contrast, enzyme activity of OphB did not change by the mutation of the enzyme. On the other hand, adhesion forces were gradually increased for wild type OphB enzyme (90 pN) to 96, 100 and 104 pN for single, double and triple mutants of OphB enzyme, respectively. There was an increasing trend of binding affinity and adhesion force by the increase of isoelectric point (pI) of OphB enzyme. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DNS of a turbulent lifted DME jet flame

DOE PAGES

Minamoto, Yuki; Chen, Jacqueline H.

2016-05-07

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent lifted dimethyl ether (DME) slot jet flame was performed at elevated pressure to study interactions between chemical reactions with low-temperature heat release (LTHR), negative temperature coefficient (NTC) reactions and shear generated turbulence in a jet in a heated coflow. By conditioning on mixture fraction, local reaction zones and local heat release rate, the turbulent flame is revealed to exhibit a “pentabrachial” structure that was observed for a laminar DME lifted flame [Krisman et al., (2015)]. The propagation characteristics of the stabilization and triple points are also investigated. Potential stabilization points, spatialmore » locations characterized by preferred temperature and mixture fraction conditions, exhibit autoignition characteristics with large reaction rate and negligible molecular diffusion. The actual stabilization point which coincides with the most upstream samples from the pool of potential stabilization points fovr each spanwise location shows passive flame structure with large diffusion. The propagation speed along the stoichiometric surface near the triple point is compared with the asymptotic value obtained from theory [Ruetsch et al., (1995)]. At stoichiometric conditions, the asymptotic and averaged DNS values of flame displacement speed deviate by a factor of 1.7. However, accounting for the effect of low-temperature species on the local flame speed increase, these two values become comparable. In conclusion, this suggests that the two-stage ignition influences the triple point propagation speed through enhancement of the laminar flame speed in a configuration where abundant low-temperature products from the first stage, low-temperature ignition are transported to the lifted flame by the high-velocity jet.« less

Layout compliance for triple patterning lithography: an iterative approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Bei; Garreton, Gilda; Pan, David Z.

2014-10-01

As the semiconductor process further scales down, the industry encounters many lithography-related issues. In the 14nm logic node and beyond, triple patterning lithography (TPL) is one of the most promising techniques for Metal1 layer and possibly Via0 layer. As one of the most challenging problems in TPL, recently layout decomposition efforts have received more attention from both industry and academia. Ideally the decomposer should point out locations in the layout that are not triple patterning decomposable and therefore manual intervention by designers is required. A traditional decomposition flow would be an iterative process, where each iteration consists of an automatic layout decomposition step and manual layout modification task. However, due to the NP-hardness of triple patterning layout decomposition, automatic full chip level layout decomposition requires long computational time and therefore design closure issues continue to linger around in the traditional flow. Challenged by this issue, we present a novel incremental layout decomposition framework to facilitate accelerated iterative decomposition. In the first iteration, our decomposer not only points out all conflicts, but also provides the suggestions to fix them. After the layout modification, instead of solving the full chip problem from scratch, our decomposer can provide a quick solution for a selected portion of layout. We believe this framework is efficient, in terms of performance and designer friendly.

[Triple no loop Endobutton plate combined with Orthcord line for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III].

PubMed

Xia, Ming-Hua; Xie, Shui-Hua; Wu, Jun; Zhang, Wen-Qing; Chen, Wei-Dong; He, Jian-Hua; Ding, Hao; Hu, Qian-Qin; Wang, Xiao-Peng

2016-07-25

To explore the clinical effects of the triple no loop Endobutton plate combined with Orthcord line in treating acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III. Between February 2011 and September 2013, 36 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III were treated with triple no loop Endobutton plate and Orthcord line. There were 21 males and 15 females, aged from 9 to 48 years old with an average of (26.41±14.05) years. Couse of disease was from 2 to 7 days in the patients. The patients had the clinical manifestations such as shoulder pain, extension limited, acromioclavicular tenderness, positive organ point sign. Clinical effects were assessed by acromioclavicular scoring system. Thirty six patients were followed up from 8 to 15 months with an average of (12.2±4.3) months. All incisions got primary healing. At the final follow up, all shoulder pain vanished, acromioclavicular joints without tenderness, negative organ point sign. No redislocation and steel plate loosening were found. According to the acromioclavicular scoring system, 31 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good. The method of triple no loop Endobutton plate combined with Orthcord line for acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III has advantage of less risk and complication, good functional rehabilitation and is an ideal method.

Communication: phase transitions, criticality, and three-phase coexistence in constrained cell models.

PubMed

Nayhouse, Michael; Kwon, Joseph Sang-Il; Orkoulas, G

2012-05-28

In simulation studies of fluid-solid transitions, the solid phase is usually modeled as a constrained system in which each particle is confined to move in a single Wigner-Seitz cell. The constrained cell model has been used in the determination of fluid-solid coexistence via thermodynamic integration and other techniques. In the present work, the phase diagram of such a constrained system of Lennard-Jones particles is determined from constant-pressure simulations. The pressure-density isotherms exhibit inflection points which are interpreted as the mechanical stability limit of the solid phase. The phase diagram of the constrained system contains a critical and a triple point. The temperature and pressure at the critical and the triple point are both higher than those of the unconstrained system due to the reduction in the entropy caused by the single occupancy constraint.

Modeling and Assessment of Precise Time Transfer by Using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Triple-Frequency Signals.

PubMed

Tu, Rui; Zhang, Pengfei; Zhang, Rui; Liu, Jinhai; Lu, Xiaochun

2018-03-29

This study proposes two models for precise time transfer using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System triple-frequency signals: ionosphere-free (IF) combined precise point positioning (PPP) model with two dual-frequency combinations (IF-PPP1) and ionosphere-free combined PPP model with a single triple-frequency combination (IF-PPP2). A dataset with a short baseline (with a common external time frequency) and a long baseline are used for performance assessments. The results show that IF-PPP1 and IF-PPP2 models can both be used for precise time transfer using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) triple-frequency signals, and the accuracy and stability of time transfer is the same in both cases, except for a constant system bias caused by the hardware delay of different frequencies, which can be removed by the parameter estimation and prediction with long time datasets or by a priori calibration.

Comparison of the Argon Triple-Point Temperature in Small Cells of Different Construction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kołodziej, B.; Kowal, A.; Lipiński, L.; Manuszkiewicz, H.; Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.

2017-06-01

The argon triple point (T_{90} = 83.8058 \\hbox {K}) is a fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of Preston-Thomas (Metrologia 27:3, 1990). Cells for realization of the fixed point have been manufactured by several European metrology institutes (Pavese in Metrologia 14:93, 1978; Pavese et al. in Temperature, part 1, American Institute of Physics, College Park, 2003; Hermier et al. in Temperature, part 1, American Institute of Physics, College Park, 2003; Pavese and Beciet in Modern gas-based temperature and pressure measurement, Springer, New York, 2013). The Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research has in its disposal a few argon cells of various constructions used for calibration of capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers (CSPRT) that were produced within 40 years. These cells differ in terms of mechanical design and thermal properties, as well as source of gas filling the cell. This paper presents data on differences between temperature values obtained during the realization of the triple point of argon in these cells. For determination of the temperature, a heat-pulse method was applied (Pavese and Beciet in Modern gas-based temperature and pressure measurement, Springer, New York, 2013). The comparisons were performed using three CSPRTs. The temperatures difference was determined in relation to a reference function W(T)=R(T_{90})/R(271.16\\hbox {K}) in order to avoid an impact of CSPRT resistance drift between measurements in the argon cells. Melting curves and uncertainty budgets of the measurements are given in the paper. A construction of measuring apparatus is also presented in this paper.

Thermodynamic and Neutron Scattering Investigation of Ethylene Wetting on MgO (100)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbour, Andi; Brown, Craig; Larese, J. Z.

2008-03-01

The adsorption properties of a molecular film on a solid substrate are governed by the relative strength of the molecule-substrate versus molecule-molecule interaction. The wetting properties of ethylene (C2H4) molecular thin films on graphite are of fundamental interest because the number of observed adlayers increases as the isothermal temperature increases with T<=104K (bulk triple point). In adsorbate/substrate systems like C2H4/graphite, it is accepted that triple point wetting occurs. For our studies, we employed MgO nanocubes because they represent a prototypical metal oxide with a wide variety of technological uses including catalyst support. Of particular interest are wetting/layering transitions and the changes that take place in the neighborhood of the bulk triple point. We report our experimental investigation of the adsorption behavior of evidence C2H4 on MgO (100) using high-precision adsorption isotherms and neutron diffraction and scattering. We demonstrate the dominate role that molecule-molecule interaction plays in the wetting phenomena by comparing the behavior of ethylene on graphite and MgO. U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725) at ORNL managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, and the NSF (DMR-0412231).

Molar heat capacity at constant volume of difluoromethane (R32) and pentafluoroethane (R125) from the triple-point temperature to 345 K at pressures to 35 MPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lüddecke, T. O.; Magee, J. W.

1996-07-01

Molar heat capacities at constant volume ( C v) of dill uoromethane (R32) and pentalluoroethane (R125) were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter. Temperatures ranged from their triple points to 345 K, and pressures up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on the liquid in equilibrium with its vapor and on compressed liquid samples. The samples were of a high purity, verified by chemical analysis of each fluid. For the samples, calorimetric results were obtained for two-phase ( C {v/(2)}), saturated liquid ( C σ or C' x ), and singlephase ( C v) molar heat capacities. The C σ data were used to estimate vapor pressures for values less than 0.3 MPa by applying a thermodynamic relationship between the saturated liquid heat capacity and the temperature derivatives of the vapor pressure. The triple-point temperature ( T tr) and the enthalpy of fusion (Δfus H) were also measured for each substance. The principal sources of uncertainty are the temperature rise measurement and the change-ofvolume work adjustment. The expanded uncertainty (at the two-sigma level) for C v is estimated to be 0.7%, for C {v/(2)} it is 0.5%, and for C σ it is 0.7%.

New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wagner, Wolfgang; Riethmann, Thomas; Feistel, Rainer; Harvey, Allan H.

2011-12-01

New reference equations, adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), are presented for the sublimation pressure and melting pressure of ice Ih as a function of temperature. These equations are based on input values derived from the phase-equilibrium condition between the IAPWS-95 scientific standard for thermodynamic properties of fluid H2O and the equation of state of H2O ice Ih adopted by IAPWS in 2006, making them thermodynamically consistent with the bulk-phase properties. Compared to the previous IAPWS formulations, which were empirical fits to experimental data, the new equations have significantly less uncertainty. The sublimation-pressure equation covers the temperature range from 50 K to the vapor-liquid-solid triple point at 273.16 K. The ice Ih melting-pressure equation describes the entire melting curve from 273.16 K to the ice Ih-ice III-liquid triple point at 251.165 K. For completeness, we also give the IAPWS melting-pressure equation for ice III, which is slightly adjusted to agree with the ice Ih melting-pressure equation at the corresponding triple point, and the unchanged IAPWS melting-pressure equations for ice V, ice VI, and ice VII.

Effect of Impurities on the Triple Point of Water: Experiments with Doped Cells at Different Liquid Fractions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dobre, M.; Peruzzi, A.; Kalemci, M.; Van Geel, J.; Maeck, M.; Uytun, A.

2018-05-01

Recent international comparisons showed that there is still room for improvement in triple point of water (TPW) realization uncertainty. Large groups of cells manufactured, maintained and measured in similar conditions still show a spread in the realized TPW temperature that is larger than the best measurement uncertainties (25 µK). One cause is the time-dependent concentration of dissolved impurities in water. The origin of such impurities is the glass/quartz envelope dissolution during a cell lifetime. The effect is a difference in the triple point temperature proportional to the impurities concentration. In order to measure this temperature difference and to investigate the effect of different types of impurities, we manufactured doped cells with different concentrations of silicon (Si), boron (B), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), the glass main chemical components. To identify any influence of the filling process, two completely independent manufacturing procedures were followed in two different laboratories, both national metrology institutes (VSL, Netherlands and UME, Turkey). Cells glass and filling water were also different while the doping materials were identical. Measuring the temperature difference as a function of the liquid fraction is a method to obtain information about impurities concentrations in TPW. Only cells doped with 1 µmol·mol-1 B, Na and K proved to be suitable for measurements at different liquid fractions. We present here the results with related uncertainties and discuss the critical points in this experimental approach.

Measurement of a solid-state triple point at the metal-insulator transition in VO2.

PubMed

Park, Jae Hyung; Coy, Jim M; Kasirga, T Serkan; Huang, Chunming; Fei, Zaiyao; Hunter, Scott; Cobden, David H

2013-08-22

First-order phase transitions in solids are notoriously challenging to study. The combination of change in unit cell shape, long range of elastic distortion and flow of latent heat leads to large energy barriers resulting in domain structure, hysteresis and cracking. The situation is worse near a triple point, where more than two phases are involved. The well-known metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide, a popular candidate for ultrafast optical and electrical switching applications, is a case in point. Even though VO2 is one of the simplest strongly correlated materials, experimental difficulties posed by the first-order nature of the metal-insulator transition as well as the involvement of at least two competing insulating phases have led to persistent controversy about its nature. Here we show that studying single-crystal VO2 nanobeams in a purpose-built nanomechanical strain apparatus allows investigation of this prototypical phase transition with unprecedented control and precision. Our results include the striking finding that the triple point of the metallic phase and two insulating phases is at the transition temperature, Ttr = Tc, which we determine to be 65.0 ± 0.1 °C. The findings have profound implications for the mechanism of the metal-insulator transition in VO2, but they also demonstrate the importance of this approach for mastering phase transitions in many other strongly correlated materials, such as manganites and iron-based superconductors.

An integrand reconstruction method for three-loop amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badger, Simon; Frellesvig, Hjalte; Zhang, Yang

2012-08-01

We consider the maximal cut of a three-loop four point function with massless kinematics. By applying Gröbner bases and primary decomposition we develop a method which extracts all ten propagator master integral coefficients for an arbitrary triple-box configuration via generalized unitarity cuts. As an example we present analytic results for the three loop triple-box contribution to gluon-gluon scattering in Yang-Mills with adjoint fermions and scalars in terms of three master integrals.

CdTe-based Light-Controllable Frequency-Selective Photonic Crystal Switch for Millimeter Waves

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

position (magenta curves with circular points which correspond to different light pulses) 23 Fig. 11.3. (a) Phase of transmission wave (in...11.4. Transmission spectra of plastic-air PC with CdTe-coated triple -quartz-wafer insertion of the kind ‘6t-qvqvqs-6t’ (computed yellow and measured...experimental requirements of matching the frequency band of VNA facility (f = 75–110 GHz), PC structures with triple -wafer insertion layers

Switching effect of the side chain on quantum walks on triple graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Yi-Mu; Lu, Li-Hua; Li, You-Quan

2015-07-01

We consider a continuous-time quantum walk on a triple graph and investigate the influence of the side chain on propagation in the main chain. Calculating the interchange of the probabilities between the two parts of the main chain, we find that a switching effect appears if there is an odd number of points in the side chain when concrete conditions between the length of the main chain and the position of the side chain are satisfied. However, such an effect does not occur if there is an even number of points in the side chain. We also suggest two proposals for experiments to demonstrate this effect, which may be employed to design a new type of switching device.

Shear-rate dependence of the viscosity of the Lennard-Jones liquid at the triple point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrario, M.; Ciccotti, G.; Holian, B. L.; Ryckaert, J. P.

1991-11-01

High-precision molecular-dynamics (MD) data are reported for the shear viscosity η of the Lennard-Jones liquid at its triple point, as a function of the shear rate ɛ˙ for a large system (N=2048). The Green-Kubo (GK) value η(ɛ˙=0)=3.24+/-0.04 is estimated from a run of 3.6×106 steps (40 nsec). We find no numerical evidence of a t-3/2 long-time tail for the GK integrand (stress-stress time-correlation function). From our nonequilibrium MD results, obtained both at small and large values of ɛ˙, a consistent picture emerges that supports an analytical (quadratic at low shear rate) dependence of the viscosity on ɛ˙.

Analytical Study on the Saturated Polarization Under Electric Field and Phase Equilibrium of Three-Phase Polycrystalline Ferroelectrics by Using the Generalized Inverse-Pole-Figure Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ju, Kyong-Sik; Ryo, Hyok-Su; Pak, Sung-Nam; Pak, Chang-Su; Ri, Sung-Guk; Ri, Dok-Hwan

2018-07-01

By using the generalized inverse-pole-figure model, the numbers of crystalline particles involved in different domain-switching near the triple tetragonal-rhombohedral-orthorhombic (T-R-O) points of three-phase polycrystalline ferroelectrics have been analytically calculated and domain-switching which can bring out phase transformations has been considered. Through polarization by an electric field, different numbers of crystalline particles can be involved in different phase transformations. According to the phase equilibrium conditions, the phase equilibrium compositions of the three phases coexisting near the T-R-O triple point have been evaluated from the results of the numbers of crystalline particles involved in different phase transformations.

40 CFR 418.10 - Applicability; description of the phosphate subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Phosphate...-process phosphoric acid, normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium phosphate, except that...

40 CFR 418.10 - Applicability; description of the phosphate subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Phosphate...-process phosphoric acid, normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate and ammonium phosphate, except that...

77 FR 9687 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-17

.... Permit Applications A. Endangered Species Applicant: Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA; PRT... activities to be conducted by the applicant over a 5-year period. Applicant: Triple D Game Farm Inc... a 5-year period. Applicant: Buck Valley Ranch, LLC, Center Point, TX; PRT-65292A The applicant...

Semi-insulating GaN Substrates for High-frequency Device Fabrication

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-18

of the undoped and iron-doped samples were probed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using a Philips X’pert MRD triple axis diffracted beam system...diode laser. The light emitted by the samples was dispersed by a Princeton/Acton Trivista 557 triple spectrometer fit with an LN2 cool OMA V InGaAs... point out that the relative intensity of all these bands decreases with increasing of the iron doping. This observation is consistent with the change in

Triple X syndrome: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Otter, Maarten; Schrander-Stumpel, Constance T R M; Curfs, Leopold M G

2010-03-01

The developmental and clinical aspects in the literature on triple X syndrome are reviewed. Prenatal diagnosis depends on karyotyping. The incidence is 1 of 1000 females. At birth, 47,XXX girls have a lower mean birth weight and a smaller head circumference. Triple X diagnosis was not suspected at birth. The maternal age seems to be increased. Toddlers with triple X syndrome show delayed language development. The youngest girls show accelerated growth until puberty. EEG abnormalities seem to be rather common. Many girls show motor-coordination problems and auditory-processing disorders are not rare. Scoliosis is probably more common in adolescent cases. The IQ levels are 20 points below that of controls, and verbal IQ is lowest. The girls struggle with low self-esteem and they need psychological, behavioural and educational support. They perform best in stable families. After leaving school they seem to feel better. In adults, premature ovarian failure seems to be more prevalent than in controls. MRIs of the brain seem to show decreased brain volumes. The 47,XXX women most often find jobs that reflect their performance abilities. Psychotic illness seems to be more prevalent in triple X adult women than in controls. Psychotic disorders respond well to psychotropic drugs. Triple X adults suffer more frequently from cyclothymic and labile personality traits. Research on triple X syndrome may yield more insight into brain and behaviour relations, developmental psychopathology, auditory-processing disorders, EEG disorders, personality and psychotic disorders, etc.

Modeling and Assessment of Precise Time Transfer by Using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Triple-Frequency Signals

PubMed Central

Zhang, Pengfei; Zhang, Rui; Liu, Jinhai; Lu, Xiaochun

2018-01-01

This study proposes two models for precise time transfer using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System triple-frequency signals: ionosphere-free (IF) combined precise point positioning (PPP) model with two dual-frequency combinations (IF-PPP1) and ionosphere-free combined PPP model with a single triple-frequency combination (IF-PPP2). A dataset with a short baseline (with a common external time frequency) and a long baseline are used for performance assessments. The results show that IF-PPP1 and IF-PPP2 models can both be used for precise time transfer using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) triple-frequency signals, and the accuracy and stability of time transfer is the same in both cases, except for a constant system bias caused by the hardware delay of different frequencies, which can be removed by the parameter estimation and prediction with long time datasets or by a priori calibration. PMID:29596330

Mach stem formation in outdoor measurements of acoustic shocks.

PubMed

Leete, Kevin M; Gee, Kent L; Neilsen, Tracianne B; Truscott, Tadd T

2015-12-01

Mach stem formation during outdoor acoustic shock propagation is investigated using spherical oxyacetylene balloons exploded above pavement. The location of the transition point from regular to irregular reflection and the path of the triple point are experimentally resolved using microphone arrays and a high-speed camera. The transition point falls between recent analytical work for weak irregular reflections and an empirical relationship derived from large explosions.

Uniform data system standardizes technical computations and the purchasing of commercially important gases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, V. J.; Mc Carty, R. D.; Roder, H. M.

1970-01-01

Integrated tables of pressure, volume, and temperature for the saturated liquid, from the triple point to the critical point of the gases, have been developed. Tables include definition of saturated liquid curve. Values are presented in metric and practical units. Advantages of the new tables are discussed.

Liquid-vapor equilibrium and interfacial properties of square wells in two dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armas-Pérez, Julio C.; Quintana-H, Jacqueline; Chapela, Gustavo A.

2013-01-01

Liquid-vapor coexistence and interfacial properties of square wells in two dimensions are calculated. Orthobaric densities, vapor pressures, surface tensions, and interfacial thicknesses are reported. Results are presented for a series of potential widths λ* = 1.4, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5, where λ* is given in units of the hard core diameter σ. Critical and triple points are explored. No critical point was found for λ* < 1.4. Corresponding states principle analysis is performed for the whole series. For λ* = 1.4 and 1.5 evidence is presented that at an intermediate temperature between the critical and the triple point temperatures the liquid branch becomes an amorphous solid. This point is recognized in Armas-Pérez et al. [unpublished] as a hexatic phase transition. It is located at reduced temperatures T* = 0.47 and 0.35 for λ* = 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. Properties such as the surface tension, vapor pressure, and interfacial thickness do not present any discontinuity at these points. This amorphous solid branch does not follow the corresponding state principle, which is only applied to liquids and gases.

Static quadrupolar susceptibility for a Blume-Emery-Griffiths model based on the mean-field approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pawlak, A.; Gülpınar, G.; Erdem, R.; Ağartıoğlu, M.

2015-12-01

The expressions for the dipolar and quadrupolar susceptibilities are obtained within the mean-field approximation in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. Temperature as well as crystal field dependences of the susceptibilities are investigated for two different phase diagram topologies which take place for K/J=3 and K/J=5.0.Their behavior near the second and first order transition points as well as multi-critical points such as tricritical, triple and critical endpoint is presented. It is found that in addition to the jumps connected with the phase transitions there are broad peaks in the quadrupolar susceptibility. It is indicated that these broad peaks lie on a prolongation of the first-order line from a triple point to a critical point ending the line of first-order transitions between two distinct paramagnetic phases. It is argued that the broad peaks are a reminiscence of very strong quadrupolar fluctuations at the critical point. The results reveal the fact that near ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transitions the quadrupolar susceptibility generally shows a jump whereas near the phase transition between two distinct paramagnetic phases it is an edge-like.

Semiconductor switch geometry with electric field shaping

DOEpatents

Booth, R.; Pocha, M.D.

1994-08-23

An optoelectric switch is disclosed that utilizes a cylindrically shaped and contoured GaAs medium or other optically active semiconductor medium to couple two cylindrically shaped metal conductors with flat and flared termination points each having an ovoid prominence centrally extending there from. Coupling the truncated ovoid prominence of each conductor with the cylindrically shaped optically active semiconductor causes the semiconductor to cylindrically taper to a triple junction circular line at the base of each prominence where the metal conductor conjoins with the semiconductor and a third medium such as epoxy or air. Tapering the semiconductor at the triple junction inhibits carrier formation and injection at the triple junction and thereby enables greater current carrying capacity through and greater sensitivity of the bulk area of the optically active medium. 10 figs.

Semiconductor switch geometry with electric field shaping

DOEpatents

Booth, Rex; Pocha, Michael D.

1994-01-01

An optoelectric switch is disclosed that utilizes a cylindrically shaped and contoured GaAs medium or other optically active semiconductor medium to couple two cylindrically shaped metal conductors with flat and flared termination points each having an ovoid prominence centrally extending there from. Coupling the truncated ovoid prominence of each conductor with the cylindrically shaped optically active semiconductor causes the semiconductor to cylindrically taper to a triple junction circular line at the base of each prominence where the metal conductor conjoins with the semiconductor and a third medium such as epoxy or air. Tapering the semiconductor at the triple junction inhibits carrier formation and injection at the triple junction and thereby enables greater current carrying capacity through and greater sensitivity of the bulk area of the optically active medium.

The Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for computing multiphase physics

PubMed Central

Saye, Robert I.; Sethian, James A.

2011-01-01

We introduce a numerical framework, the Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for tracking multiple interacting and evolving regions (phases) whose motion is determined by complex physics (fluids, mechanics, elasticity, etc.), intricate jump conditions, internal constraints, and boundary conditions. The method works in two and three dimensions, handles tens of thousands of interfaces and separate phases, and easily and automatically handles multiple junctions, triple points, and quadruple points in two dimensions, as well as triple lines, etc., in higher dimensions. Topological changes occur naturally, with no surgery required. The method is first-order accurate at junction points/lines, and of arbitrarily high-order accuracy away from such degeneracies. The method uses a single function to describe all phases simultaneously, represented on a fixed Eulerian mesh. We test the method’s accuracy through convergence tests, and demonstrate its applications to geometric flows, accurate prediction of von Neumann’s law for multiphase curvature flow, and robustness under complex fluid flow with surface tension and large shearing forces. PMID:22106269

Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide from the Triple Point to 1100 K and up to 200 MPa

PubMed Central

Huber, M. L.; Sykioti, E. A.; Assael, M. J.; Perkins, R. A.

2016-01-01

This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, we incorporated recent theoretical calculations to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1100 K and pressures up to 200 MPa. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the proposed correlation varies depending on the state point from a low of 1% at very low pressures below 0.1 MPa between 300 K and 700 K, to 5% at the higher pressures of the range of validity. PMID:27064300

The Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for computing multiphase physics.

PubMed

Saye, Robert I; Sethian, James A

2011-12-06

We introduce a numerical framework, the Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for tracking multiple interacting and evolving regions (phases) whose motion is determined by complex physics (fluids, mechanics, elasticity, etc.), intricate jump conditions, internal constraints, and boundary conditions. The method works in two and three dimensions, handles tens of thousands of interfaces and separate phases, and easily and automatically handles multiple junctions, triple points, and quadruple points in two dimensions, as well as triple lines, etc., in higher dimensions. Topological changes occur naturally, with no surgery required. The method is first-order accurate at junction points/lines, and of arbitrarily high-order accuracy away from such degeneracies. The method uses a single function to describe all phases simultaneously, represented on a fixed Eulerian mesh. We test the method's accuracy through convergence tests, and demonstrate its applications to geometric flows, accurate prediction of von Neumann's law for multiphase curvature flow, and robustness under complex fluid flow with surface tension and large shearing forces.

The Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for computing multiphase physics

DOE PAGES

Saye, Robert I.; Sethian, James A.

2011-11-21

In this paper, we introduce a numerical framework, the Voronoi Implicit Interface Method for tracking multiple interacting and evolving regions (phases) whose motion is determined by complex physics (fluids, mechanics, elasticity, etc.), intricate jump conditions, internal constraints, and boundary conditions. The method works in two and three dimensions, handles tens of thousands of interfaces and separate phases, and easily and automatically handles multiple junctions, triple points, and quadruple points in two dimensions, as well as triple lines, etc., in higher dimensions. Topological changes occur naturally, with no surgery required. The method is first-order accurate at junction points/lines, and of arbitrarilymore » high-order accuracy away from such degeneracies. The method uses a single function to describe all phases simultaneously, represented on a fixed Eulerian mesh. Finally, we test the method’s accuracy through convergence tests, and demonstrate its applications to geometric flows, accurate prediction of von Neumann’s law for multiphase curvature flow, and robustness under complex fluid flow with surface tension and large shearing forces.« less

BIPM project: Intercomparison of water triple-point cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chattle, M. V.; Butler, J.

1994-12-01

The paper presents the results of an intercomparison between 3 triple point of water cells circulated by the Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM), and a cell which is one of those used as a reference cell at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). All 4 cells were prepared, stored and measured in the manner normally adopted at NPL. The results of the intercomparison show that over the course of about 6 weeks the temperatures of the 3 circulated cells generally agreed within 0.20 mK, with a maximum difference of 0.27(7) mK. Over the same period, the total variations of temperature measured in the 3 individual cells were 0.04 mK, 0.08 mK and 0.18 mK, respectively; the NPL cell varied by 0.10 mK. Gallium point measurements made over a similar period confirmed that these differences were partly due to small drifts in the thermometer resistance or in the measuring system.

The Discontinuity in the First Derivative of the ITS-90 at the Triple Point of Water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rusby, R. L.

2010-09-01

This paper investigates the discontinuity in the derivative [d W/d T 90]TPW of the ITS-90 at the triple point of water, using data for over 40 calibrated standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs). It finds that the discontinuity is in most cases somewhere between 0 and -6 parts in 105, in relative terms, but that the higher numerical values are obtained for `less ideal' SPRTs (those with lower temperature coefficients of resistance), and also for sub-ranges not extending beyond the indium point. These results are investigated vis-à-vis the long-standing observation that the ITS-90 reference values W r(Ga) and W r(Hg) are not completely consistent with data for W(Ga) and W(Hg) for real SPRTs. It discusses what may be done in a future scale to ensure continuity in the first derivative, and it concludes with a comment about the acceptance criteria for SPRTs in the scale.

Triple Halide Bridges in Chiral MnII2MnIII6NaI2 Cages: Structural and Magnetic Characterization.

PubMed

Mayans, Júlia; Font-Bardia, Mercè; Escuer, Albert

2018-02-05

A family of decanuclear chiral clusters with a Mn II 2 Mn III 6 Na I 2 core have been synthesized from enantiomerically pure Schiff bases. The new systems consist of two Mn II Mn III 3 Na I units linked by rare triple chloro or bromo bridges between the divalent Mn cations. Susceptibility measurements point out the weak antiferromagnetic interaction mediated by these kinds of bridges and afford the first magnetic measurements for the (μ-Br) 3 case.

Dissemination of a Multilevel Evidence-Based System of Parenting Interventions with Broad Application to Child Welfare Populations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prinz, Ron

2009-01-01

Parenting interventions are relevant to many touch points of the child welfare system. This paper describes a multilevel system of parenting interventions called "Triple P" that matches intervention intensities to families, builds on a strong scientific base, provides multiple access points for parents, and offers a destigmatized, cost-efficient…

A linear biopolymer in the vicinity of the triple point. The homopolymer case.

PubMed

Frank-Kamenetskii, M D; Chogovadze, G I

1984-06-01

This is a theoretical study of a situation where each residue of a linear biopolymer may adopt one of three conformational states. Such a situation exists in the case of DNA, since it may be in helical A, B, . . ., Z forms as well as the melted state. In the vicinity of the triple point in the phrase diagram three states, e.g. the A form, the B form and the denatured state, co-exist within a given molecule. We present an exact analytical solution of the simplest homopolymer model. Theory predicts that the presence of two helical states in one molecule should affect the helix-coil transition in two ways. The melting temperature experiences an upward shift and the melting range width is increased, by a factor of square root of two as a maximum.

Corresponding state-based correlations for the temperature-dependent surface tension of saturated hydrocarbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Jianxiang; Zhang, Cuihua; Zhang, Laibin; Zheng, Mengmeng; Liu, Shuzhen

2017-10-01

Based on the recent progresses on the corresponding state-based correlations for the temperature-dependent surface tension of saturated fluids [I. Cachadiña, A. Mulero and J. X. Tian, Fluid Phase Equilibr. 442 (2017) 68; J. X. Tian, M. M. Zheng, H. L. Yi, L. B. Zhang and S. Z. Liu, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 31 (2017) 1750110], we proposed a new correlation for saturated hydrocarbons. This correlation includes three fluid-independent parameters and inquires the critical temperature, the triple-point temperature and the surface tension at the triple-point temperature as inputs for each hydrocarbon. Results show that this correlation can reproduce NIST data with absolute average deviation (AAD) less than 1% for 10 out of 19 hydrocarbons and AAD less than 5% for 17 out of 19 hydrocarbons, clearly better than other correlations.

Effect of process parameters and crystal orientation on 3D anisotropic stress during CZ and FZ growth of silicon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drikis, Ivars; Plate, Matiss; Sennikovs, Juris; Virbulis, Janis

2017-09-01

Simulations of 3D anisotropic stress are carried out in <100> and <111> oriented Si crystals grown by FZ and CZ processes for different diameters, growth rates and process stages. Temperature dependent elastic constants and thermal expansion coefficients are used in the FE simulations. The von Mises stress at the triple point line is 5-11% higher in <111> crystals compared to <100> crystals. The process parameters have a larger effect on the von Mises stress than the crystal orientation. Generally, the <111> crystal has a higher azimuthal variation of stress along the triple point line ( 8%) than the <100> crystal ( 2%). The presence of a crystal ridge increases the stress beside the ridge and decreases it on the ridge compared with the round crystal.

Soft beams: When capillarity induces axial compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neukirch, S.; Antkowiak, A.; Marigo, J.-J.

2014-01-01

We study the interaction of an elastic beam with a liquid drop in the case where bending and extensional effects are both present. We use a variational approach to derive equilibrium equations and constitutive relation for the beam. This relation is shown to include a term due to surface energy in addition to the classical Young's modulus term, leading to a modification of Hooke's law. At the triple point where solid, liquid, and vapor phases meet, we find that the external force applied on the beam is parallel to the liquid-vapor interface. Moreover, in the case where solid-vapor and solid-liquid interface energies do not depend on the extension state of the beam, we show that the extension in the beam is continuous at the triple point and that the wetting angle satisfies the classical Young-Dupré relation.

Soft beams: when capillarity induces axial compression.

PubMed

Neukirch, S; Antkowiak, A; Marigo, J-J

2014-01-01

We study the interaction of an elastic beam with a liquid drop in the case where bending and extensional effects are both present. We use a variational approach to derive equilibrium equations and constitutive relation for the beam. This relation is shown to include a term due to surface energy in addition to the classical Young's modulus term, leading to a modification of Hooke's law. At the triple point where solid, liquid, and vapor phases meet, we find that the external force applied on the beam is parallel to the liquid-vapor interface. Moreover, in the case where solid-vapor and solid-liquid interface energies do not depend on the extension state of the beam, we show that the extension in the beam is continuous at the triple point and that the wetting angle satisfies the classical Young-Dupré relation.

Surface phase behavior of di-n-tetradecyl hydrogen phosphate in Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface.

PubMed

Hossain, Md Mufazzal; Iimura, Ken-Ichi; Kato, Teiji

2006-10-01

Surface phase behavior of di-n-tetradecyl hydrogen phosphate, DTP, has been studied by measuring pi-A isotherms with a film balance and observing monolayer morphology with a Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) at different temperatures. A generalized phase diagram, which shows a triple point for gas (G), liquid-expanded (LE) and liquid-condensed (LC) phases at about 32 degrees C, is constructed for the amphiphile. Below the triple point, a first-order G-LC phase transition has been shown to occur, whereas a first-order G-LE phase transition followed by another first-order LE-LC transition has been found to take place at a temperature above the triple point. The amphiphile shows the fingering LC domains with uniform brightness indicating the presence of untilted molecules. The domain shapes are independent of the change in temperature and compression rate. The existence of similar fingering domains over a wide range of temperature is rather uncommon in the monolayer systems and is considered to be due to the restricted movement of the molecules incorporating into the LC phase. Because the two-alkyl chains are directly attached to two covalent bonds of the phosphate head group, the rearrangement of the molecules, which is an essential condition for the circular domain formation, needs the movement of the whole molecules including the hydration sphere. The difficulty related to such a movement of the molecules causes fingering domains, which are independent of external variables.

The α-γ-ɛ triple point and phase boundaries of iron under shock compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jun; Wu, Qiang; Xue, Tao; Geng, Huayun; Yu, Jidong; Jin, Ke; Li, Jiabo; Tan, Ye; Xi, Feng

2017-07-01

The phase transition of iron under shock compression has attracted much attention in recent decades because of its importance in fields such as condensed matter physics, geophysics, and metallurgy. At room temperature, the transition of iron from the α-phase (bcc) to the ɛ-phase (hpc) occurs at a stress of 13 GPa. At high temperature, a triple point followed by transformation to the γ-phase (fcc) is expected. However, the details of the high-temperature phase transitions of iron are still under debate. Here, we investigate the phase-transition behavior of polycrystalline iron under compression from room temperature to 820 K. The results show that the shock-induced phase transition is determined unequivocally from the measured three-wave-structure profiles, which clearly consist of an elastic wave, a plastic wave, and a phase-transition wave. The phase transition is temperature-dependent, with an average rate Δσtr/ΔT of -6.91 MPa/K below 700 K and -34.7 MPa/K at higher temperatures. The shock α-ɛ and α-γ phase boundaries intersect at 10.6 ± 0.53 GPa and 763 K, which agrees with the α-ɛ-γ triple point from early shock wave experiments and recent laser-heated diamond-anvil cell resistivity and in situ X-ray diffraction data but disagrees with the shock pressure-temperature phase diagram reported in 2009 by Zaretsky [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 023510 (2009)].

Cell Fragmentation and Permeabilization by a 1 ns Pulse Driven Triple-Point Electrode

PubMed Central

Li, Joy; Cho, Michael

2018-01-01

Ultrashort electric pulses (ns-ps) are useful in gaining understanding as to how pulsed electric fields act upon biological cells, but the electric field intensity to induce biological responses is typically higher than longer pulses and therefore a high voltage ultrashort pulse generator is required. To deliver 1 ns pulses with sufficient electric field but at a relatively low voltage, we used a glass-encapsulated tungsten wire triple-point electrode (TPE) at the interface among glass, tungsten wire, and water when it is immersed in water. A high electric field (2 MV/cm) can be created when pulses are applied. However, such a high electric field was found to cause bubble emission and temperature rise in the water near the electrode. They can be attributed to Joule heating near the electrode. Adherent cells on a cover slip treated by the combination of these stimuli showed two major effects: (1) cells in a crater (<100 μm from electrode) were fragmented and the debris was blown away. The principal mechanism for the damage is presumed to be shear forces due to bubble collapse; and (2) cells in the periphery of the crater were permeabilized, which was due to the combination of bubble movement and microstreaming as well as pulsed electric fields. These results show that ultrashort electric fields assisted by microbubbles can cause significant cell response and therefore a triple-point electrode is a useful ablation tool for applications that require submillimeter precision. PMID:29744357

Molar heat capacity at constant volume of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) from the triple-point temperature to 345 k at pressure to 35 MPa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Magee, J.W.

1998-09-01

Molar heat capacities at constant volume (C{sub v}) of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) have been measured with an adiabatic calorimeter. Temperatures ranged from their triple points to 345 K, and pressures up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on the liquid in equilibrium with its vapor and on compressed liquid samples. The samples were of high purity, verified by chemical analysis of each fluid. For the samples, calorimetric results were obtained for two-phase (C{sub v}{sup (2)}), saturated-liquid (C{sub {sigma}} or C{sub x}{prime}), and single-phase (C{sub v}) molar heat capacities. The C{sub {sigma}} data were used to estimate vapor pressuresmore » for values less than 105 kPa by applying a thermodynamic relationship between the saturated liquid heat capacity and the temperature derivatives of the vapor pressure. The triple-point temperature and the enthalpy of fusion were also measured for each substance. The principal sources of uncertainty are the temperature rise measurement and the change-of-volume work adjustment. The expanded relative uncertainty (with a coverage factor k = 2 and thus a two-standard deviation estimate) for C{sub v} is estimated to be 0.7%, for C{sub v}{sup (2)} it is 0.5%, and for C{sub {sigma}} it is 0.7%.« less

High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-07

S Sublimation point - 10 -78 .50C at 1 atm gas (D Critical point CL Triple point 0.1 -5 6.6C at 5.11 atm 0.01 CO2 gas 0.001 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60...dramatically increase the dielectric breakdown stress in a polymer film is by reducing its temperature to 77K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen at 1 bar...minimum, and maximum breakdown strengths measured in units of Volts per micron; and the final column is the number of data points taken on that

Prediction of Sublimation Pressures of Low Volatility Solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drake, Bruce Douglas

Sublimation pressures are required for solid-vapor phase equilibrium models in design of processes such as supercritical fluid extraction, sublimation purification and vapor epitaxy. The objective of this work is to identify and compare alternative methods for predicting sublimation pressures. A bibliography of recent sublimation data is included. Corresponding states methods based on the triple point (rather than critical point) are examined. A modified Trouton's rule is the preferred method for estimating triple point pressure in the absence of any sublimation data. Only boiling and melting temperatures are required. Typical error in log_{10} P _{rm triple} is 0.3. For lower temperature estimates, the slope of the sublimation curve is predicted by a correlation based on molar volume. Typical error is 10% of slope. Molecular dynamics methods for surface modeling are tested as estimators of vapor pressure. The time constants of the vapor and solid phases are too different to allow the vapor to come to thermal equilibrium with the solid. The method shows no advantages in prediction of sublimation pressure but provides insight into appropriate models and experimental methods for sublimation. Density-dependent augmented van der Waals equations of state based on hard-sphere distribution functions are examined. The perturbation term is almost linear and is well fit by a simple quadratic. Use of the equation provides reasonable fitting of sublimation pressures from one data point. Order-of-magnitude estimation is possible from melting temperature and solid molar volume. The inverse -12 fluid is used to develop an additional equation of state. Sublimation pressure results, including quality of pressure predictions, are similar to the hard-sphere results. Three-body (Axilrod -Teller) interactions are used to improve results.

Development of base pressure similarity parameters for application to space shuttle launch vehicle power-on aerodynamic testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sulyma, P. R.; Penny, M. M.

1978-01-01

A base pressure data correlation study was conducted to define exhaust plume similarity parameters for use in Space Shuttle power-on launch vehicle aerodynamic test programs. Data correlations were performed for single bodies having, respectively, single and triple nozzle configurations and for a triple body configuration with single nozzles on each of the outside bodies. Base pressure similarity parameters were found to differ for the single nozzle and triple nozzle configurations. However, the correlation parameter for each was found to be a strong function of the nozzle exit momentum. Results of the data base evaluation are presented indicating an assessment of all data points. Analytical/experimental data comparisons were made for nozzle calibrations and correction factors derived, where indicated for use in nozzle exit plane data calculations.

Methods of separation of variables in turbulence theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsuge, S.

1978-01-01

Two schemes of closing turbulent moment equations are proposed both of which make double correlation equations separated into single-point equations. The first is based on neglected triple correlation, leading to an equation differing from small perturbed gasdynamic equations where the separation constant appears as the frequency. Grid-produced turbulence is described in this light as time-independent, cylindrically-isotropic turbulence. Application to wall turbulence guided by a new asymptotic method for the Orr-Sommerfeld equation reveals a neutrally stable mode of essentially three dimensional nature. The second closure scheme is based on an assumption of identity of the separated variables through which triple and quadruple correlations are formed. The resulting equation adds, to its equivalent of the first scheme, an integral of nonlinear convolution in the frequency describing a role due to triple correlation of direct energy-cascading.

Is there a difference between the effects of single and triple indirect moxibustion stimulations on skin temperature changes of the posterior trunk surface?

PubMed

Mori, Hidetoshi; Kuge, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Tim Hideaki; Taniwaki, Eiichi; Ohsawa, Hideo

2011-06-01

To determine whether any difference exists in responses to indirect moxibustion (IM) relative to thermal stimulation duration. In experiment 1, 9 subjects attended two experimental sessions consisting of single stimulation with IM or triple stimulation with IM, using a crossover design. A K-type thermocouple temperature probe was fixed on the skin surface at the GV14 acupuncture point. IM stimulation was administered to the top of the probe in order to measure the temperature curve. In addition, each subject evaluated his or her subjective feeling of heat on a visual analogue scale after each stimulation. Experiment 2 was conducted on 42 participants, divided into three groups according to the envelope allocation method: single stimulation with IM (n=20), triple stimulation with IM (n=11) and a control group (n=11). A thermograph was used to obtain the skin temperature on the posterior trunk of the participant. To analyse skin temperature, four arbitrary frames (the scapular, interscapular, lumbar and vertebral regions) were made on the posterior trunk. In experiment 1, no significant difference in maximum temperature was found in IM and subjective feeling of heat intensity between single and triple stimulation with IM. In experiment 2, increases in skin temperature occurred on the posterior trunk, but no differences in skin temperature occurred between the groups receiving single and triple stimulation with IM. No difference exists in the skin temperature response to moxibustion between the single and triple stimulation with IM.

The effect of increasing strength and approach velocity on triple jump performance.

PubMed

Allen, Sam J; Yeadon, M R Fred; King, Mark A

2016-12-08

The triple jump is an athletic event comprising three phases in which the optimal phase ratio (the proportion of each phase to the total distance jumped) is unknown. This study used a planar whole body torque-driven computer simulation model of the ground contact parts of all three phases of the triple jump to investigate the effect of strength and approach velocity on optimal performance. The strength and approach velocity of the simulation model were each increased by up to 30% in 10% increments from baseline data collected from a national standard triple jumper. Increasing strength always resulted in an increased overall jump distance. Increasing approach velocity also typically resulted in an increased overall jump distance but there was a point past which increasing approach velocity without increasing strength did not lead to an increase in overall jump distance. Increasing both strength and approach velocity by 10%, 20%, and 30% led to roughly equivalent increases in overall jump distances. Distances ranged from 14.05m with baseline strength and approach velocity, up to 18.49m with 30% increases in both. Optimal phase ratios were either hop-dominated or balanced, and typically became more balanced when the strength of the model was increased by a greater percentage than its approach velocity. The range of triple jump distances that resulted from the optimisation process suggests that strength and approach velocity are of great importance for triple jump performance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors does not confer a unique CD4 cell benefit. The AVANTI and INCAS Study Groups.

PubMed

2000-07-07

To determine if triple combination therapy, particularly including HIV protease inhibitors (PI), confers an unique immunological benefit that is independent of reductions of plasma viral load (pVL). The correlation between changes from baseline in CD4 cell count and pVL was examined at all time points up to 52 weeks in three randomized clinical trials (AVANTI-2, AVANTI-3 and INCAS) that compared dual nucleoside therapy with triple combination therapy. Individual pVL and CD4 cell counts changes from baseline were entered into multivariate linear regression models for patients receiving double therapy and for those receiving triple therapy including a PI and/or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and the null hypothesis was tested. After 52 weeks of therapy, the relationship between changes from baseline CD4 cell count and pVL was independent of whether patients were assigned double or triple therapy (P = 0.23 and 0.69 for intercept and slope, respectively), or whether patients were assigned triple therapy including a PI or triple therapy including an NNRTI (P = 0.92 and 0.95, respectively). Less than 5% of patients ever had 'discordant' increases in both CD4 cell count and pVL compared with baseline, and this proportion was unrelated to the class of therapy used. 'Discordant' decreases from baseline in both parameters were observed in up to 35% of individuals. The correlation between pVL and CD4 cell count changes from baseline improved over time on therapy, regardless of the therapeutic regimen involved. The data provide no evidence for a CD4 cell count benefit of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) unique to triple therapy or PI-containing regimens.

[Pro re nata anti-VEGF treatment results for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical treatment: comparison of single with triple injections].

PubMed

Wintergerst, M W M; Larsen, P P; Heimes, B; Pauleikhoff, D; Holz, F G; Finger, R P

2018-06-19

Different injection regimens from continuous to pro re nata (PRN) have been proposed for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). So far the PRN single injection on reactivation regimen has not been compared to the PRN triple injection on reactivation regimen (IVAN scheme). Comparison of the two nAMD PRN injection regimens with single and triple injections on reactivation in a real-world setting in a retrospective case series in two German treatment centers. Naïve nAMD patients, who started treatment according to either the single or triple injection regimen were included. Endpoints were best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR), central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (μm) and number of injections, all at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment initiation. A total of 146 patients with single injection and 148 patients with triple injection regimens were included. There were no significant differences between the two treatment regimens in best corrected visual acuity (single vs. triple injection scheme: 0.50 ± 0.42 vs. 0.56 ± 0.42, p = 0.14), central retinal thickness (303 ± 76.2 vs. 306 ± 110, p = 0.79) and number of injections (13 ± 4.4 vs. 12 ± 5.4, p = 0.31). This was the case for all analyzed time points. There were no significant functional or morphological differences between the two PRN injection regimens with single and triple injections on reactivation after 24 months. For evaluation of long-term therapy results further studies are warranted.

Temperature of Earth's core constrained from melting of Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 at high pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Dongzhou; Jackson, Jennifer M.; Zhao, Jiyong; Sturhahn, Wolfgang; Alp, E. Ercan; Hu, Michael Y.; Toellner, Thomas S.; Murphy, Caitlin A.; Prakapenka, Vitali B.

2016-08-01

The melting points of fcc- and hcp-structured Fe0.9Ni0.1 and Fe are measured up to 125 GPa using laser heated diamond anvil cells, synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and a recently developed fast temperature readout spectrometer. The onset of melting is detected by a characteristic drop in the time-integrated synchrotron Mössbauer signal which is sensitive to atomic motion. The thermal pressure experienced by the samples is constrained by X-ray diffraction measurements under high pressures and temperatures. The obtained best-fit melting curves of fcc-structured Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 fall within the wide region bounded by previous studies. We are able to derive the γ-ɛ-l triple point of Fe and the quasi triple point of Fe0.9Ni0.1 to be 110 ± 5GPa, 3345 ± 120K and 116 ± 5GPa, 3260 ± 120K, respectively. The measured melting temperatures of Fe at similar pressure are slightly higher than those of Fe0.9Ni0.1 while their one sigma uncertainties overlap. Using previously measured phonon density of states of hcp-Fe, we calculate melting curves of hcp-structured Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 using our (quasi) triple points as anchors. The extrapolated Fe0.9Ni0.1 melting curve provides an estimate for the upper bound of Earth's inner core-outer core boundary temperature of 5500 ± 200K. The temperature within the liquid outer core is then approximated with an adiabatic model, which constrains the upper bound of the temperature at the core side of the core-mantle boundary to be 4000 ± 200K. We discuss a potential melting point depression caused by light elements and the implications of the presented core-mantle boundary temperature bounds on phase relations in the lowermost part of the mantle.

Temperature of Earth's core constrained from melting of Fe and Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 at high pressures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Dongzhou; Jackson, Jennifer M.; Zhao, Jiyong

The melting points of fcc- and hcp-structured Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 and Fe are measured up to 125 GPa using laser heated diamond anvil cells, synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy, and a recently developed fast temperature readout spectrometer. The onset of melting is detected by a characteristic drop in the time integrated synchrotron Mfissbauer signal which is sensitive to atomic motion. The thermal pressure experienced by the samples is constrained by X-ray diffraction measurements under high pressures and temperatures. The obtained best-fit melting curves of fcc-structured Fe and Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 fall within the wide region bounded by previous studies. We are ablemore » to derive the gamma-is an element of-1 triple point of Fe and the quasi triple point of Fe0.9Ni0.1 to be 110 ± 5 GPa, 3345 ± 120 K and 116 ± 5 GPa, 3260 ± 120 K, respectively. The measured melting temperatures of Fe at similar pressure are slightly higher than those of Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 while their one sigma uncertainties overlap. Using previously measured phonon density of states of hcp-Fe, we calculate melting curves of hcp-structured Fe and Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 using our (quasi) triple points as anchors. The extrapolated Fe 0.9Ni 0.1 melting curve provides an estimate for the upper bound of Earth's inner core-outer core boundary temperature of 5500 ± 200 K. The temperature within the liquid outer core is then approximated with an adiabatic model, which constrains the upper bound of the temperature at the core side of the core -mantle boundary to be 4000 ± 200 K. We discuss a potential melting point depression caused by light elements and the implications of the presented core -mantle boundary temperature bounds on phase relations in the lowermost part of the mantle.« less

Triple tracks in CR-39 as the result of Pd-D Co-deposition: evidence of energetic neutrons.

PubMed

Mosier-Boss, Pamela A; Szpak, Stanislaw; Gordon, Frank E; Forsley, Lawrence P G

2009-01-01

Since the announcement by Fleischmann and Pons that the excess enthalpy generated in the negatively polarized Pd-D-D(2)O system was attributable to nuclear reactions occurring inside the Pd lattice, there have been reports of other manifestations of nuclear activities in this system. In particular, there have been reports of tritium and helium-4 production; emission of energetic particles, gamma or X-rays, and neutrons; as well as the transmutation of elements. In this communication, the results of Pd-D co-deposition experiments conducted with the cathode in close contact with CR-39, a solid-state nuclear etch detector, are reported. Among the solitary tracks due to individual energetic particles, triple tracks are observed. Microscopic examination of the bottom of the triple track pit shows that the three lobes of the track are splitting apart from a center point. The presence of three alpha-particle tracks outgoing from a single point is diagnostic of the (12)C(n,n')3alpha carbon breakup reaction and suggests that DT reactions that produce > or = 9.6 MeV neutrons are occurring inside the Pd lattice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the production of energetic (> or = 9.6 MeV) neutrons in the Pd-D system.

Complex between triple helix of collagen and double helix of DNA in aqueous solution.

PubMed

Mrevlishvili, George M; Svintradze, David V

2005-06-01

We demonstrate in this paper that one example of a biologically important and molecular self-assembling complex system is a collagen-DNA ordered aggregate which spontaneously forms in aqueous solutions. Interaction between the collagen and the DNA leads to destruction of the hydration shell of the triple helix and stabilization of the double helix structure. From a molecular biology point of view this nano-scale self-assembling superstructure could increase the stability of DNA against the nucleases during collagen diseases and the growth of collagen fibrills in the presence of DNA.

Electrically protected resonant exchange qubits in triple quantum dots.

PubMed

Taylor, J M; Srinivasa, V; Medford, J

2013-08-02

We present a modulated microwave approach for quantum computing with qubits comprising three spins in a triple quantum dot. This approach includes single- and two-qubit gates that are protected against low-frequency electrical noise, due to an operating point with a narrowband response to high frequency electric fields. Furthermore, existing double quantum dot advances, including robust preparation and measurement via spin-to-charge conversion, are immediately applicable to the new qubit. Finally, the electric dipole terms implicit in the high frequency coupling enable strong coupling with superconducting microwave resonators, leading to more robust two-qubit gates.

Automatic Camera Calibration Using Multiple Sets of Pairwise Correspondences.

PubMed

Vasconcelos, Francisco; Barreto, Joao P; Boyer, Edmond

2018-04-01

We propose a new method to add an uncalibrated node into a network of calibrated cameras using only pairwise point correspondences. While previous methods perform this task using triple correspondences, these are often difficult to establish when there is limited overlap between different views. In such challenging cases we must rely on pairwise correspondences and our solution becomes more advantageous. Our method includes an 11-point minimal solution for the intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of a camera from pairwise correspondences with other two calibrated cameras, and a new inlier selection framework that extends the traditional RANSAC family of algorithms to sampling across multiple datasets. Our method is validated on different application scenarios where a lack of triple correspondences might occur: addition of a new node to a camera network; calibration and motion estimation of a moving camera inside a camera network; and addition of views with limited overlap to a Structure-from-Motion model.

DFT studies on the multi-channel reaction of CH3S+NO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Yi-Zhen; Sun, Hao; Pan, Ya-Ru; Pan, Xiu-Mei; Wang, Rong-Shun

The mechanisms for the reaction of CH3S with NO2 are investigated at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) on both single and triple potential energy surfaces (PESs). The geometries, vibrational frequencies, and zero-point energy (ZPE) correction of all stationary points involved in the title reaction are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. More accurate energies are obtained at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p). The results show that 5 intermediates and 14 transition states are found. The reaction is more predominant on the single PES, while it is negligible on the triple PES. Without any barrier height for the whole process, the main channel of the reaction is to form CH3SONO and then dissociate to CH3SO+NO.

Alloy Engineering of Topological Semimetal Phase Transition in MgTa2 -xNbxN3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Huaqing; Jin, Kyung-Hwan; Liu, Feng

2018-03-01

Dirac, triple-point, and Weyl fermions represent three topological semimetal phases, characterized with a descending degree of band degeneracy, which have been realized separately in specific crystalline materials with different lattice symmetries. Here we demonstrate an alloy engineering approach to realize all three types of fermions in one single material system of MgTa2 -xNbx N3 . Based on symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we map out a phase diagram of topological order in the parameter space of alloy concentration and crystalline symmetry, where the intrinsic MgTa2 N3 with the highest symmetry hosts the Dirac semimetal phase, which transforms into the triple-point and then the Weyl semimetal phases with increasing Nb concentration that lowers the crystalline symmetries. Therefore, alloy engineering affords a unique approach for the experimental investigation of topological transitions of semimetallic phases manifesting different fermionic behaviors.

A multiphase equation of state of three solid phases, liquid, and gas for titanium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pecker, S.; Eliezer, S.; Fisher, D.; Henis, Z.; Zinamon, Z.

2005-08-01

A multiple-phase equation of state of the α phase, β phase, ω phase, liquid, and gas for titanium is presented. This equation of state is thermodynamically consistent, based on a three-term semiempirical model for the Helmholtz free energy. The parameters of the free energy are first evaluated from the experimental data and solid-state theoretical calculations. Then, the values of the parameters are adjusted using a numerical minimization scheme based on the simplex algorithm, to values that best reproduce measured phase diagrams and other experimental data. The predicted phase diagram shows a compression-induced β-ω transition, up to a β-ω-liquid triple point at ˜45GPa and ˜2200K. For pressures above this triple point, the melting occurs from the ω phase. Moreover, no β-ω transition is predicted along the Hugoniot curve starting at STP conditions.

Flies and humans share a motion estimation strategy that exploits natural scene statistics

PubMed Central

Clark, Damon A.; Fitzgerald, James E.; Ales, Justin M.; Gohl, Daryl M.; Silies, Marion A.; Norcia, Anthony M.; Clandinin, Thomas R.

2014-01-01

Sighted animals extract motion information from visual scenes by processing spatiotemporal patterns of light falling on the retina. The dominant models for motion estimation exploit intensity correlations only between pairs of points in space and time. Moving natural scenes, however, contain more complex correlations. Here we show that fly and human visual systems encode the combined direction and contrast polarity of moving edges using triple correlations that enhance motion estimation in natural environments. Both species extract triple correlations with neural substrates tuned for light or dark edges, and sensitivity to specific triple correlations is retained even as light and dark edge motion signals are combined. Thus, both species separately process light and dark image contrasts to capture motion signatures that can improve estimation accuracy. This striking convergence argues that statistical structures in natural scenes have profoundly affected visual processing, driving a common computational strategy over 500 million years of evolution. PMID:24390225

Kerr-AdS analogue of triple point and solid/liquid/gas phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altamirano, Natacha; Kubizňák, David; Mann, Robert B.; Sherkatghanad, Zeinab

2014-02-01

We study the thermodynamic behavior of multi-spinning d = 6 Kerr-anti de Sitter black holes in the canonical ensemble of fixed angular momenta J1 and J2. We find, dependent on the ratio q = J2/J1, qualitatively different interesting phenomena known from the ‘every day thermodynamics’ of simple substances. For q = 0 the system exhibits recently observed reentrant large/small/large black hole phase transitions, but for 0 < q ≪ 1 we find an analogue of a ‘solid/liquid’ phase transition. Furthermore, for q ∈ (0.00905, 0.0985) the system displays the presence of a large/intermediate/small black hole phase transition with two critical and one triple (or tricritical) points. This behavior is reminiscent of the solid/liquid/gas phase transition except that the coexistence line of small and intermediate black holes does not continue for an arbitrary value of pressure (similar to the solid/liquid coexistence line) but rather terminates at one of the critical points. Finally, for q > 0.0985 we observe the ‘standard liquid/gas behavior’ of the Van der Waals fluid.

Unimolecular Thermal Fragmentation of Ortho-Benzyne

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, X.; Maccarone, A. T.; Nimlos, M. R.

2007-01-01

The ortho-benzyne diradical, o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} has been produced with a supersonic nozzle and its subsequent thermal decomposition has been studied. As the temperature of the nozzle is increased, the benzyne molecule fragments: o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} + {Delta} {yields} products. The thermal dissociation products were identified by three experimental methods: (i) time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry, (ii) matrix-isolation Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, and (iii) chemical ionization mass spectrometry. At the threshold dissociation temperature, o-benzyne cleanly decomposes into acetylene and diacetylene via an apparent retro-Diels-Alder process: o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} + {Delta} {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH. The experimentalmore » {Delta}{sub rxn}H{sub 298}(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH) is found to be 57 {+-} 3 kcal mol{sup -1}. Further experiments with the substituted benzyne, 3,6-(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}-o-C{sub 6}H{sub 2}, are consistent with a retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. But at higher nozzle temperatures, the cracking pattern becomes more complicated. To interpret these experiments, the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation of o-benzyne has been investigated by rigorous ab initio electronic structure computations. These calculations used basis sets as large as [C(7s6p5d4f3g2h1i)/H(6s5p4d3f2g1h)] (cc-pV6Z) and electron correlation treatments as extensive as full coupled cluster through triple excitations (CCSDT), in cases with a perturbative term for connected quadruples [CCSDT(Q)]. Focal point extrapolations of the computational data yield a 0 K barrier for the concerted, C{sub 2v}-symmetric decomposition of o-benzyne, E{sub b}(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH) = 88.0 {+-} 0.5 kcal mol{sup -1}. A barrier of this magnitude is consistent with the experimental results. A careful assessment of the thermochemistry for the high temperature fragmentation of benzene is presented: C{sub 6}H{sub 6} {yields} H+[C{sub 6}H{sub 5}] {yields} H+[o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}] {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH. Benzyne may be an important intermediate in the thermal decomposition of many alkylbenzenes (arenes). High engine temperatures above 1500 K may crack these alkylbenzenes to a mixture of alkyl radicals and phenyl radicals. The phenyl radicals will then dissociate first to benzyne and then to acetylene and diacetylene.« less

Unimolecular thermal fragmentation of ortho-benzene.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, X.; Maccarone, A. T.; Nimlos, M. R.

2007-01-01

The ortho-benzyne diradical, o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} has been produced with a supersonic nozzle and its subsequent thermal decomposition has been studied. As the temperature of the nozzle is increased, the benzyne molecule fragments o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}{sup +} {Delta} {yields} products. The thermal dissociation products were identified by three experimental methods: (i) time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry, (ii) matrix-isolation Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, and (iii) chemical ionization mass spectrometry. At the threshold dissociation temperature, o-benzyne cleanly decomposes into acetylene and diacetylene via an apparent retro-Diels-Alder process: o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}{sup +}{Delta}{yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH. The experimental {Delta}{sub rxn}H{submore » 298}(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH) is found to be 57 {+-} 3 kcal mol{sup -1}. Further experiments with the substituted benzyne, 3,6-(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}-o-C{sub 6}H{sub 2}, are consistent with a retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. But at higher nozzle temperatures, the cracking pattern becomes more complicated. To interpret these experiments, the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation of o-benzyne has been investigated by rigorous ab initio electronic structure computations. These calculations used basis sets as large as [C(7s6p5d4f3g2h1i)/H(6s5p4d3f2g1h)] (cc-pV6Z) and electron correlation treatments as extensive as full coupled cluster through triple excitations (CCSDT), in cases with a perturbative term for connected quadruples [CCSDT(Q)]. Focal point extrapolations of the computational data yield a 0 K barrier for the concerted, C{sub 2v}-symmetric decomposition of o-benzyne, E{sub b}(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH+HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH) = 88.0 {+-} 0.5 kcal mol{sup -1}. A barrier of this magnitude is consistent with the experimental results. A careful assessment of the thermochemistry for the high temperature fragmentation of benzene is presented: C{sub 6}H{sub 6} {yields} H+[C{sub 6}H{sub 5}] {yields} H+[o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}] {yields} HC {triple_bond} CH-HC {triple_bond} C-C {triple_bond} CH. Benzyne may be an important intermediate in the thermal decomposition of many alkylbenzenes (arenes). High engine temperatures above 1500 K may crack these alkylbenzenes to a mixture of alkyl radicals and phenyl radicals. The phenyl radicals will then dissociate first to benzyne and then to acetylene and diacetylene.« less

Bifurcations and degenerate periodic points in a three dimensional chaotic fluid flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, L. D., E-mail: lachlan.smith@monash.edu; CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, Victoria 3800; Rudman, M.

2016-05-15

Analysis of the periodic points of a conservative periodic dynamical system uncovers the basic kinematic structure of the transport dynamics and identifies regions of local stability or chaos. While elliptic and hyperbolic points typically govern such behaviour in 3D systems, degenerate (parabolic) points also play an important role. These points represent a bifurcation in local stability and Lagrangian topology. In this study, we consider the ramifications of the two types of degenerate periodic points that occur in a model 3D fluid flow. (1) Period-tripling bifurcations occur when the local rotation angle associated with elliptic points is reversed, creating a reversalmore » in the orientation of associated Lagrangian structures. Even though a single unstable point is created, the bifurcation in local stability has a large influence on local transport and the global arrangement of manifolds as the unstable degenerate point has three stable and three unstable directions, similar to hyperbolic points, and occurs at the intersection of three hyperbolic periodic lines. The presence of period-tripling bifurcation points indicates regions of both chaos and confinement, with the extent of each depending on the nature of the associated manifold intersections. (2) The second type of bifurcation occurs when periodic lines become tangent to local or global invariant surfaces. This bifurcation creates both saddle–centre bifurcations which can create both chaotic and stable regions, and period-doubling bifurcations which are a common route to chaos in 2D systems. We provide conditions for the occurrence of these tangent bifurcations in 3D conservative systems, as well as constraints on the possible types of tangent bifurcation that can occur based on topological considerations.« less

Assessment of prokaryotic collagen-like sequences derived from streptococcal Scl1 and Scl2 proteins as a source of recombinant GXY polymers.

PubMed

Han, Runlin; Zwiefka, Antoni; Caswell, Clayton C; Xu, Yi; Keene, Douglas R; Lukomska, Ewa; Zhao, Zhihong; Höök, Magnus; Lukomski, Slawomir

2006-08-01

Collagen triple helix, composed of the repeating Gly-Xaa-Yaa (GXY) sequence, is a structural element found in all multicellular animals and also in some prokaryotes. Long GXY polymers are highly regarded components used in food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we explore a new concept for the production of recombinant GXY polymers which are based on the sequence of "prokaryotic collagens", the streptococcal collagen-like proteins Scl1 and Scl2. Analysis of 50 Scl variants identified the amino acid distribution and GXY-repeat usage that are involved in the stabilization of the triple helix in Scls. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we show that significantly different recombinant rScl polypeptides form stable, unhydroxylated homotrimeric triple helices that can be produced both intra- and extracellularly in the Escherichia coli. These rScl constructs containing 20 to 129 GXY repeats had mid-point melting temperatures between 32 and 39 degrees C. Altogether, Scl-derived collagens, which are different from the mammalian collagens, can form stable triple helices under physiological conditions and can be used for the production of recombinant GXY polymers with a wide variety of potential applications.

Relative stabilities of triple helices composed of combinations of DNA, RNA and 2'-O-methyl-RNA backbones: chimeric circular oligonucleotides as probes.

PubMed

Wang, S; Kool, E T

1995-04-11

Described is a systematic study of the effects of varied backbone structure on the stabilities of pyr.pur.pyr triple helices. The effects were measured using six circular 34 base oligonucleotides containing DNA (D), RNA (R) and/or 2'-O-methyl-RNA (M) residues designed to bind a complementary single-stranded purine target strand by triple helix formation. Eighteen different backbone combinations were studied at pH 5.5 and 7.0 by optical melting experiments and the results compared with the stabilities of the corresponding Watson-Crick duplexes. When the target purine strand is DNA, all circles form pH-dependent triple helical complexes which are considerably stronger than the duplexes alone. When RNA is the target, five of the nine complexes studied are of the pH-dependent triplex type and the other four complexes are not significantly stronger than the corresponding duplexes. The results are useful in the design of the highest affinity ligands for single- and double-stranded DNAs and RNAs and also point out novel ways to engender DNA- or RNA-selective binding.

50 CFR 648.51 - Gear and crew restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... possession on board such vessels shall not exceed 31 ft (9.4 m) measured at the widest point in the bail of... the dredge bottom. No more than triple linking shall be used in or on the dredge bottom portion and...

Spin and charge controlled by antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling in a triangular-triple-quantum-dot Kondo system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koga, M.; Matsumoto, M.; Kusunose, H.

2018-05-01

We study a local antisymmetric spin-orbit (ASO) coupling effect on a triangular-triple-quantum-dot (TTQD) system as a theoretical proposal for a new application of the Kondo physics to nanoscale devices. The electric polarization induced by the Kondo effect is strongly correlated with the spin configurations and molecular orbital degrees of freedom in the TTQD. In particular, an abrupt sign reversal of the emergent electric polarization is associated with a quantum critical point in a magnetic field, which can also be controlled by the ASO coupling that changes the mixing weight of different orbital components in the TTQD ground state.

Effect of Different Dosages of ST36 Indirect Moxibustion on the Skin Temperature of the Lower Legs and Feet.

PubMed

Kuge, Hiroshi; Mori, Hidetoshi; Morisawa, Tateyuki; Hanyu, Kazuyo; Miyazaki, Junji; Watanabe, Mayumi; Tanaka, Tim Hideaki

2018-06-15

Background: Indirect moxibustion (IM) has been previously performed between the spinous process while recording skin temperature of the trunk. However, moxibustion is often applied not only to acupuncture points on the back, but also to points located on the limbs. Thus, there is a need to investigate skin temperature (ST) responses following IM applied to the limbs. Methods: In Experiment 1 (Exp 1), subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: the left IM stimulation, right IM stimulation and control groups. In Experiment 2 (Exp 2), the subjects underwent two experimental sessions consisting of a single stimulation of IM or triple stimulations of IM. The IM stimulation was administered to the ST36 acupuncture point. A thermograph was used to obtain the ST on the lower limbs. Results: In Exp 1, the ST of the lower limbs increased in the stimulation groups whereas there was no increase in the non-stimulation group. In Exp 2, no significant response occurred between the single and triple stimulation of IM groups for all observed sites except for the left ankle ST. Conclusions: Lower limb ST increased following IM application to the ST36 point. No difference was observed between the dosage of the stimulation and ST responses.

Freezing Transition Studies Through Constrained Cell Model Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nayhouse, Michael; Kwon, Joseph Sang-Il; Heng, Vincent R.; Amlani, Ankur M.; Orkoulas, G.

2014-10-01

In the present work, a simulation method based on cell models is used to deduce the fluid-solid transition of a system of particles that interact via a pair potential, , which is of the form with . The simulations are implemented under constant-pressure conditions on a generalized version of the constrained cell model. The constrained cell model is constructed by dividing the volume into Wigner-Seitz cells and confining each particle in a single cell. This model is a special case of a more general cell model which is formed by introducing an additional field variable that controls the number of particles per cell and, thus, the relative stability of the solid against the fluid phase. High field values force configurations with one particle per cell and thus favor the solid phase. Fluid-solid coexistence on the isotherm that corresponds to a reduced temperature of 2 is determined from constant-pressure simulations of the generalized cell model using tempering and histogram reweighting techniques. The entire fluid-solid phase boundary is determined through a thermodynamic integration technique based on histogram reweighting, using the previous coexistence point as a reference point. The vapor-liquid phase diagram is obtained from constant-pressure simulations of the unconstrained system using tempering and histogram reweighting. The phase diagram of the system is found to contain a stable critical point and a triple point. The phase diagram of the corresponding constrained cell model is also found to contain both a stable critical point and a triple point.

Folding and conformational consequences of glycine to alanine replacements at different positions in a collagen model peptide.

PubMed

Bhate, Manjiri; Wang, Xin; Baum, Jean; Brodsky, Barbara

2002-05-21

The collagen model peptide T1-892 includes a C-terminal nucleation domain, (Gly-Pro-Hyp)(4), and an N-terminal (Gly-X-Y)(6) sequence taken from type I collagen. In osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other collagen diseases, single base mutations often convert one Gly to a larger residue, and T1-892 homologues modeling such mutations were synthesized with Gly to Ala substitutions in either the (Gly-Pro-Hyp)(4) domain, Gly25Ala, or the (Gly-X-Y)(6) domain, Gly10Ala. CD and NMR studies show the Gly10Ala peptide forms a normal triple-helix at the C-terminal end and propagates from the C- to the N-terminus until the Gly --> Ala substitution is encountered. At this point, triple-helix folding is terminated and cannot be reinitiated, leaving a nonhelical N-terminus. A decreased thermal stability is observed as a result of the shorter length of the triple-helix. In contrast, introduction of the Gly to Ala replacement at position 25, in the nucleation domain, shifts the monomer/trimer equilibrium toward the monomer form. The increased monomer and lower trimer populations are reflected in the dramatic decrease in triple-helix content and stability. Unlike the Ala replacement at position 10, the Ala substitution in the (Gly-Pro-Hyp)(4) region can still be incorporated into a triple-helix, but at a greatly decreased rate of folding, since the original efficient nucleation site is no longer operative. The specific consequences of Gly to Ala replacements in two distinctive sequences in this triple-helical peptide may help clarify the variability in OI clinical severity resulting from mutations at different sites along type I collagen chains.

Plasma Interactions With a Negative Biased Electrodynamic Tether

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughn, Jason A.; Curtis, Leslie; Welzyn, Ken J.

2004-01-01

The ProSEDS conductive tether design incorporates two distinct types of tethers from a plasma interaction viewpoint. The 200 m closest to the Delta II spacecraft is insulated from the plasma, and the remaining 4800 m is semi-bare. This latter portion is considered semi-bare because a conductive coating, which is designed to collect electrons from the plasma, was applied to the wires to regulate the overall tether temperature. Because the tether has both insulating and conductive tether sections, a transition point exists between the two that forms a triple point with the space plasma. Also, insulated tethers can arc to the space plasma if the insulation is weakened or breached by pinholes caused by either improper handling or small meteoroid and orbital debris strikes. Because electrodynamic tethers are typically long, they have a high probability of these impacts. The particles, which strike the tether, may not have sufficient size to severe the tether, but they can easily penetrate the tether insulation producing a plasma discharge to the ambient plasma. Samples of both the ProSEDS tether transition region and the insulated tether section with various size of pinholes were placed into the MSFC plasma chamber and biased to typical ProSEDS open circuit tether potentials (-500 V to -1600 V). The results of the testing showed that the transition region of the tether (i.e. the triple point) arced to the ambient plasma at -900 V, and the tethers damaged by a pinhole or simulated debris strike arced to the plasma between -700 V and -900 V. Specific design steps were taken to eliminate the triple point issue in the ProSEDS tether design and make it ready for flight. To reduce the pinhole arcing risk, ProSEDS mission operations were changed to eliminate the high negative potential on the insulated tether. The results of the testing campaign and the design changes implemented to ensure a successful flight are described.

Evaluation of needle trap micro-extraction and automatic alveolar sampling for point-of-care breath analysis.

PubMed

Trefz, Phillip; Rösner, Lisa; Hein, Dietmar; Schubert, Jochen K; Miekisch, Wolfram

2013-04-01

Needle trap devices (NTDs) have shown many advantages such as improved detection limits, reduced sampling time and volume, improved stability, and reproducibility if compared with other techniques used in breath analysis such as solid-phase extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Effects of sampling flow (2-30 ml/min) and volume (10-100 ml) were investigated in dry gas standards containing hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and aromatic compounds and in humid breath samples. NTDs contained (single-bed) polymer packing and (triple-bed) combinations of divinylbenzene/Carbopack X/Carboxen 1000. Substances were desorbed from the NTDs by means of thermal expansion and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An automated CO2-controlled sampling device for direct alveolar sampling at the point-of-care was developed and tested in pilot experiments. Adsorption efficiency for small volatile organic compounds decreased and breakthrough increased when sampling was done with polymer needles from a water-saturated matrix (breath) instead from dry gas. Humidity did not affect analysis with triple-bed NTDs. These NTDs showed only small dependencies on sampling flow and low breakthrough from 1-5 %. The new sampling device was able to control crucial parameters such as sampling flow and volume. With triple-bed NTDs, substance amounts increased linearly with increasing sample volume when alveolar breath was pre-concentrated automatically. When compared with manual sampling, automatic sampling showed comparable or better results. Thorough control of sampling and adequate choice of adsorption material is mandatory for application of needle trap micro-extraction in vivo. The new CO2-controlled sampling device allows direct alveolar sampling at the point-of-care without the need of any additional sampling, storage, or pre-concentration steps.

TASEP of interacting particles of arbitrary size

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narasimhan, S. L.; Baumgaertner, A.

2017-10-01

A mean-field description of the stationary state behaviour of interacting k-mers performing totally asymmetric exclusion processes (TASEP) on an open lattice segment is presented employing the discrete Takahashi formalism. It is shown how the maximal current and the phase diagram, including triple-points, depend on the strength of repulsive and attractive interactions. We compare the mean-field results with Monte Carlo simulation of three types interacting k-mers: monomers, dimers and trimers. (a) We find that the Takahashi estimates of the maximal current agree quantitatively with those of the Monte Carlo simulation in the absence of interaction as well as in both the the attractive and the strongly repulsive regimes. However, theory and Monte Carlo results disagree in the range of weak repulsion, where the Takahashi estimates of the maximal current show a monotonic behaviour, whereas the Monte Carlo data show a peaking behaviour. It is argued that the peaking of the maximal current is due to a correlated motion of the particles. In the limit of very strong repulsion the theory predicts a universal behavior: th maximal currents of k-mers correspond to that of non-interacting (k+1) -mers; (b) Monte Carlo estimates of the triple-points for monomers, dimers and trimers show an interesting general behaviour : (i) the phase boundaries α * and β* for entry and exit current, respectively, as function of interaction strengths show maxima for α* whereas β * exhibit minima at the same strength; (ii) in the attractive regime, however, the trend is reversed (β * > α * ). The Takahashi estimates of the triple-point for monomers show a similar trend as the Monte Carlo data except for the peaking of α * ; for dimers and trimers, however, the Takahashi estimates show an opposite trend as compared to the Monte Carlo data.

Geometry-dependent distributed polarizability models for the water molecule

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loboda, Oleksandr; Ingrosso, Francesca; Ruiz-López, Manuel F.

2016-01-21

Geometry-dependent distributed polarizability models have been constructed by fits to ab initio calculations at the coupled cluster level of theory with up to noniterative triple excitations in an augmented triple-zeta quality basis set for the water molecule in the field of a point charge. The investigated models include (i) charge-flow polarizabilities between chemically bonded atoms, (ii) isotropic or anisotropic dipolar polarizabilities on oxygen atom or on all atoms, and (iii) combinations of models (i) and (ii). For each model, the polarizability parameters have been optimized to reproduce the induction energy of a water molecule polarized by a point charge successivelymore » occupying a grid of points surrounding the molecule. The quality of the models is ascertained by examining their ability to reproduce these induction energies as well as the molecular dipolar and quadrupolar polarizabilities. The geometry dependence of the distributed polarizability models has been explored by changing bond lengths and HOH angle to generate 125 molecular structures (reduced to 75 symmetry-unique ones). For each considered model, the distributed polarizability components have been fitted as a function of the geometry by a Taylor expansion in monomer coordinate displacements up to the sum of powers equal to 4.« less

The structure of non-hierarchical triple system stability regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martynova, A. I.; Orlov, V. V.; Rubinov, A. V.

2009-08-01

A detailed study of the two-dimensional initial conditions region section in the planar three-body problem is performed. The initial conditions for the three well-known stable periodic orbits (the Schubart’s orbit, the Broucke’s orbit and the eight-like orbit) belong to this section. Continuous stability regions (for the fixed integration interval) generated by these periodic orbits are found. Zones of the quick stability violation are outlined. The analysis of some concrete trajectories coming from various stability regions is performed. In particular, trajectories possessing varying number of “eights” formed by moving triple system components are discovered. Orbits with librations are also found. The new periodic orbit originated from the zone siding with the Schubart’s orbit region is discovered. This orbit has reversibility points (each of the outer bodies possess a reversibility point) and two points of close double approach of the central body to each of the outer bodies. The influence of the numerical integration accuracy on the results is studied. The stability regions structure is preserved during calculations with different values of the precision parameter, numerical integration methods and regularization algorithms of the equations of motion.

Nuclear Quantum Effects in Water at the Triple Point: Using Theory as a Link Between Experiments.

PubMed

Cheng, Bingqing; Behler, Jörg; Ceriotti, Michele

2016-06-16

One of the most prominent consequences of the quantum nature of light atomic nuclei is that their kinetic energy does not follow a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) experiments can measure this effect. Thus, the nuclear quantum kinetic energy can be probed directly in both ordered and disordered samples. However, the relation between the quantum kinetic energy and the atomic environment is a very indirect one, and cross-validation with theoretical modeling is therefore urgently needed. Here, we use state of the art path integral molecular dynamics techniques to compute the kinetic energy of hydrogen and oxygen nuclei in liquid, solid, and gas-phase water close to the triple point, comparing three different interatomic potentials and validating our results against equilibrium isotope fractionation measurements. We will then show how accurate simulations can draw a link between extremely precise fractionation experiments and DINS, therefore establishing a reliable benchmark for future measurements and providing key insights to increase further the accuracy of interatomic potentials for water.

Theory of gas hydrates: effect of the approximation of rigid water lattice.

PubMed

Pimpalgaonkar, Hrushikesh; Veesam, Shivanand K; Punnathanam, Sudeep N

2011-08-25

One of the assumptions of the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory for gas hydrates is that the host water lattice is rigid and not distorted by the presence of guest molecules. In this work, we study the effect of this approximation on the triple-point lines of the gas hydrates. We calculate the triple-point lines of methane and ethane hydrates via Monte Carlo molecular simulations and compare the simulation results with the predictions of van der Waals and Platteeuw theory. Our study shows that even if the exact intermolecular potential between the guest molecules and water is known, the dissociation temperatures predicted by the theory are significantly higher. This has serious implications to the modeling of gas hydrate thermodynamics, and in spite of the several impressive efforts made toward obtaining an accurate description of intermolecular interactions in gas hydrates, the theory will suffer from the problem of robustness if the issue of movement of water molecules is not adequately addressed. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Correlations for the Viscosity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E))†

PubMed Central

Huber, Marcia L.; Assael, Marc J.

2016-01-01

Due to concerns about global warming, there is interest in 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) as potential replacements for refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP). In this manuscript we survey available data and provide viscosity correlations that cover the entire fluid range including vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions. The correlation for R1234yf is valid from the triple point (220 K) to 410 K at pressures up to 30 MPa, and the correlation for R1234ze(E) is valid from the triple point (169 K) to 420 K at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty for both correlations at a 95 % confidence level is 2 % for the liquid phase over the temperature range 243 K to 363 K at pressures to 30 MPa, and 3 % for the gas phase at atmospheric pressure. PMID:27840461

Structural analysis of as-deposited and annealed low-temperature gallium arsenide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matyi, R. J.; Melloch, M. R.; Woodall, J. M.

1993-04-01

The structure of GaAs grown at low substrate temperatures (LT-GaAs) by molecular beam epitaxy has been studied using high resolution X-ray diffraction methods. Double crystal rocking curves from the as-deposited LT-GaAs show well defined interference fringes, indicating a high level of structural perfection. Triple crystal diffraction analysis of the as-deposited sample showed significantly less diffuse scattering near the LT-GaAs 004 reciprocal lattice point compared with the substrate 004 reciprocal lattice point, suggesting that despite the incorporation of approximately 1% excess arsenic, the epitaxial layer had superior crystalline perfection than did the GaAs substrate. Triple crystal scans of annealed LT-GaAs showed an increase in the integrated diffuse intensity by approximately a factor of three as the anneal temperature was increased from 700 to 900°C. Analogous to the effects of SiO2 precipitates in annealed Czochralski silicon, the diffuse intensity is attributed to distortions in the epitaxial LT-GaAs lattice by arsenic precipitates.

Research on Soft Reduction Amount Distribution to Eliminate Typical Inter-dendritic Crack in Continuous Casting Slab of X70 Pipeline Steel by Numerical Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ke; Wang, Chang; Liu, Guo-liang; Ding, Ning; Sun, Qi-song; Tian, Zhi-hong

2017-04-01

To investigate the formation of one kind of typical inter-dendritic crack around triple point region in continuous casting(CC) slab during the operation of soft reduction, fully coupled 3D thermo-mechanical finite element models was developed, also plant trials were carried out in a domestic continuous casting machine. Three possible types of soft reduction amount distribution (SRAD) in the soft reduction region were analyzed. The relationship between the typical inter-dendritic cracks and soft reduction conditions is presented and demonstrated in production practice. Considering the critical strain of internal crack formation, a critical tolerance for the soft reduction amount distribution and related casing parameters have been proposed for better contribution of soft reduction to the internal quality of slabs. The typical inter-dendritic crack around the triple point region had been eliminated effectively through the application of proposed suggestions for continuous casting of X70 pipeline steel in industrial practice.

Electrically Driven Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

material, here gallium arsenide and indium arsenide self- assembled quantum dots (QDs). QDs are preferred for the gain medium because they can have...blue points ) and 150 K (green points ). The black lines are linear fits to the above threshold output power of the lasers, which are used to find the...SHAMBAT et al.: ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY DEVICES 1707 Fig. 13. (a) Tilted SEM picture of a fabricated triple cavity device. The in

The Strength of Binary Junctions in Hexagonal Close-Packed Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

equilib- rium, on either slip plane, the dislocation on that plane intersects both triple points at the same angle with the junc- tion line, regardless...electronic properties of threading dislocations in wide band-gap gallium nitride (a wurtzite crystal structure consisting of two interpenetrating hcp...yield surface was composed of individual points , it pro- vided insight on the resistance of the lock to breaking as a result of the applied stresses. Via

Probing Higgs self-coupling of a classically scale invariant model in e+e- → Zhh: Evaluation at physical point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujitani, Y.; Sumino, Y.

2018-04-01

A classically scale invariant extension of the standard model predicts large anomalous Higgs self-interactions. We compute missing contributions in previous studies for probing the Higgs triple coupling of a minimal model using the process e+e- → Zhh. Employing a proper order counting, we compute the total and differential cross sections at the leading order, which incorporate the one-loop corrections between zero external momenta and their physical values. Discovery/exclusion potential of a future e+e- collider for this model is estimated. We also find a unique feature in the momentum dependence of the Higgs triple vertex for this class of models.

Evaluating Remotely-Sensed Soil Moisture Retrievals Using Triple Collocation Techniques

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The validation is footprint-scale (~40 km) surface soil moisture retrievals from space is complicated by a lack of ground-based soil moisture instrumentation and challenges associated with up-scaling point-scale measurements from such instrumentation. Recent work has demonstrated the potential of e...

Modelling Phase Transition Phenomena in Fluids

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

Sublimation line r @@I Triple point ? Vapourisation liner @@I Critical point -Fusion line Solid Liquid Gas Figure 1: Schematic of a phase diagram means that the...velocity field can be set zero, and only the balance of energy constitutes the Stefan model. In contrast to this the liquid - gas phase transitions...defined by requiring that the phase-transition line is crossed in a direction from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas (vapour) phases. The term T∗ δs is

Subatmospheric vapor pressures for fluoromethane (R41), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) evaluated from internal-energy measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duarte-Garza, H.A.; Magee, J.W.

1999-09-01

Vapor pressures were evaluated from measured internal-energy changes {Delta}U{sup (2)} in the vapor + liquid two-phase region. The method employed a thermodynamic relationship between the derivative quantity ({partial_derivative}U{sup (2)}/{partial_derivative}V){sub T}, the vapor pressure p{sub {sigma}}, and its temperature derivative ({partial_derivative}p/{partial_derivative}T){sub {sigma}}. This method was applied at temperatures between the triple point and the normal boiling point of three substances: fluoromethane (R41), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a). In the case of R41, vapor pressures up to 1 MPa were calculated to validate the technique at higher pressures. For R152a, the calculated vapor pressure at the triple-point temperature differed from a directmore » experimental measurement by less than the claimed uncertainty (5 Pa) of the measurement. The calculated vapor pressures for R41 helped to resolve discrepancies in several published vapor pressure sources. Agreement with experimentally measured vapor pressures for R152a and for R143a near the normal boiling point (101.325 kPa) was within the experimental uncertainty of approximately 0.04 kPa (0.04%) for the published measurements.« less

Subsequent bilateral comparison to CCT-K3, CIPM key comparison CCT-K3.1: Comparison of standard platinum resistance thermometers at the triple point of water (T = 273.16 K) and at the melting point of gallium (T = 302.9146 K)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Picard, S.; Nonis, M.; Solve, S.; Allisy-Roberts, P. J.; Renaot, E.; Martin, C.

2011-01-01

A comparison of standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) has been carried out between the BIPM and the Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM using the melting point of gallium and the triple point of water. The temperature difference at Ga between the BIPM and the LNE-CNAM was determined as 108 µK with an associated combined standard uncertainty of 223 µK. This outcome indicates a present temperature difference of the BIPM of -65 µK with respect to an Average Reference Value from an earlier comparison, with an associated uncertainty of uc = 262 µK. It should be noted that the present BIPM scale is not independent, but traceable to cells used in KC7. The comparison results validate the re-establishment of thermometer calibrations at the BIPM for internal use. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

PechaKucha Presentations: Teaching Storytelling, Visual Design, and Conciseness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Kristen; Rawlins, Jacob D.

2015-01-01

When speakers rely too heavily on presentation software templates, they often end up stultifying audiences with a triple-whammy of bullet points. In this article, Lucas and Rawlins present an alternative method--PechaKucha (the Japanese word for "chit chat")--a presentation style driven by a carefully planned, automatically timed…

Autobiographical Quilts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutley, Jane

2004-01-01

Norman Rockwell's Triple Self-Portrait provided the perfect starting point for taking self-conscious teenagers on a personal journey into the intimidating world of introspective art. Asking students to find the three self-portraits in the Rockwell work was an easy way to draw them into painting. From the visual clues and objects meaningfully…

Key Informants' Perspectives on Teacher Learning in Scotland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Aileen; Christie, Donald; Fraser, Christine; Reid, Lesley; McKinney, Stephen; Welsh, Mary; Wilson, Alastair; Griffiths, Morwenna

2008-01-01

This article outlines the policy context for teachers' learning and continuing professional development in Scotland and considers this in relation to the perspectives of key informants gained through interview. The analysis draws on a triple-lens conceptual framework and points to some interesting contradictions between the policy text and the…

Three-Point Gear/Lead Screw Positioning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calco, Frank S.

1993-01-01

Triple-ganged-lead-screw positioning mechanism drives movable plate toward or away from fixed plate and keeps plates parallel to each other. Designed for use in tuning microwave resonant cavity. Other potential applications include adjustable bed plates and cantilever tail stocks in machine tools, adjustable platforms for optical equipment, and lifting platforms.

Entropies of kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite: additional constraints on the pressure and temperature of the Al2SiO5 triple point.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robie, R.A.; Hemingway, B.S.

1984-01-01

The low-T heat capacities of kyanite (Minas Gerais, Brazil), andalusite (Espirito Santo, Brazil), and sillimanite (Reinbolt Hills, Antarctica) were measured with an automatic, adiabatically shielded calorimeter between approx 10 and 380 K. -J.A.Z.

High-Temperature Quantum-Classical Transition in Solid Methane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zakharov, A. Yu.; Leont'eva, A. V.; Prokhorov, A. Yu.; Erenburg, A. I.

2017-04-01

Some experimental studies have reported that physical properties of solid methane exhibit a number of anomalies in the temperature interval between 0.5 T _tr and T _tr (T _tr is triple point of methane). This paper contains an attempt of systematization and theoretical interpretation of the observed anomalies.

A phase II trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with triple-negative androgen receptor positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (UCBG 12-1).

PubMed

Bonnefoi, H; Grellety, T; Tredan, O; Saghatchian, M; Dalenc, F; Mailliez, A; L'Haridon, T; Cottu, P; Abadie-Lacourtoisie, S; You, B; Mousseau, M; Dauba, J; Del Piano, F; Desmoulins, I; Coussy, F; Madranges, N; Grenier, J; Bidard, F C; Proudhon, C; MacGrogan, G; Orsini, C; Pulido, M; Gonçalves, A

2016-05-01

Several expression array studies identified molecular apocrine breast cancer (BC) as a subtype that expresses androgen receptor (AR) but not estrogen receptor α. We carried out a multicentre single-arm phase II trial in women with AR-positive, estrogen, progesterone receptor and HER2-negative (triple-negative) metastatic or inoperable locally advanced BC to assess the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone. Patients with a metastatic or locally advanced, centrally reviewed, triple-negative and AR-positive (≥10% by immunohistochemistry, IHC) BC were eligible. Any number of previous lines of chemotherapy was allowed. AA (1000 mg) was administered once a day with prednisone (5 mg) twice a day until disease progression or intolerance. The primary end point was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 6 months defined as the proportion of patients presenting a complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) ≥6 months. Secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. One hundred and forty-six patients from 27 centres consented for IHC central review. Of the 138 patients with sufficient tissue available, 53 (37.6%) were AR-positive and triple-negative, and 34 of them were included from July 2013 to December 2014. Thirty patients were eligible and evaluable for the primary end point. The 6-month CBR was 20.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.7%-38.6%], including 1 CR and 5 SD ≥6 months, 5 of them still being under treatment at the time of analysis (6.4+, 9.2+, 14.5+, 17.6+, 23.4+ months). The ORR was 6.7% (95% CI 0.8%-22.1%). The median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI 1.7%-5.4%). Fatigue, hypertension, hypokalaemia and nausea were the most common drug-related adverse events; the majority of them being grade 1 or 2. AA plus prednisone treatment is beneficial for some patients with molecular apocrine tumours and five patients are still on treatment. NCT01842321. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Pursuing the Triple Aim: The First 7 Years.

PubMed

Whittington, John W; Nolan, Kevin; Lewis, Ninon; Torres, Trissa

2015-06-01

POLICY POINTS: In 2008, researchers at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) proposed the Triple Aim, strategic organizing principles for health care organizations and geographic communities that seek, simultaneously, to improve the individual experience of care and the health of populations and to reduce the per capita costs of care for populations. In 2010, the Triple Aim became part of the US national strategy for tackling health care issues, especially in the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. Since that time, IHI and others have worked together to determine how the implementation of the Triple Aim has progressed. Drawing on our 7 years of experience, we describe 3 major principles that guided the organizations and communities working on this endeavor: creating the right foundation for population management, managing services at scale for the population, and establishing a learning system to drive and sustain the work over time. In 2008, researchers at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) described the Triple Aim as simultaneously "improving the individual experience of care; improving the health of populations; and reducing the per capita costs of care for populations." IHI and its close colleagues had determined that both individual and societal changes were needed. In 2007, IHI began recruiting organizations from around the world to participate in a collaborative to implement what became known as the Triple Aim. The 141 participating organizations included health care systems, hospitals, health care insurance companies, and others closely tied to health care. In addition, key groups outside the health care system were represented, such as public health agencies, social services groups, and community coalitions. This collaborative provided a structure for observational research. By noting the contrasts between the contexts and structures of those sites in the collaborative that progressed and those that did not, we were able to develop an ex post theory of what is needed for an organization or community to successfully pursue the Triple Aim. Drawing on our 7 years of experience, we describe the 3 major principles that guided the organizations and communities working on the Triple Aim: creating the right foundation for population management, managing services at scale for the population, and establishing a learning system to drive and sustain the work over time. The concept of the Triple Aim is now widely used, because of IHI's work with many organizations and also because of the adoption of the Triple Aim as part of the national strategy for US health care, developed during the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. Even those organizations working on the Triple Aim before IHI coined the term found our concept to be useful because it helped them think about all 3 dimensions at once and organize their work around them. © 2015 Milbank Memorial Fund.

Enumerative Geometry of Hyperplane Arrangements

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-11

they show that the Zariski closure of M(L) as viewed as a subvariety of (Cn+1)` is not the variety given only by the solutions to the determinantal ...equations supplied by L. These determinantal equations are presented nicely in Terao [28]. We study in detail the case when L is the lattice of the braid...4.1.1. Let A be a generic arrangement of 4 lines through 8 points in general position in P2. There are no triple points inA, so there are no determinantal

Development of a Silicon Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Based Qubit Using Spin Exchange Interactions Alone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-31

Electron spin resonance and spin–valley physics in a silicon double quantum dot, Nature Communications, (05 2014): 0. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4860 Ming...new scheme to better manipulate the exchange-only qubit using a pulsed RF source [5], known as a resonant -exchange-qubit [6,7], in GaAs further...triple points into a quadruple point [10], as shown in Fig. 1. We can also gate control the tunnel coupling over a broad energy range. The

A Hybrid Approach for Characterizing Linear and Nonlinear Electromagnetic Scattering: Theory and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

axis at a 2-m height above the ground and the observation point is at a 1.7-m height along a radial line at ϕ = 30°. Ground properties: εr’ = 4...fields of a horizontal electric dipole as a function of range. The dipole is buried in the ground at a 10-cm depth and the observation point is at...would necessitate the evaluation of a triple integral. To expedite the matrix filling process, different common schemes are available in efficiently

Exploring Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam Milling as a Group III-V Device Fabrication Tool

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

boiling, triple , and critical points of the elements” in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 92nd ed., Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, 2011-2012, p. 4...The most widely used ion source in FIB instruments is a gallium (Ga) liquid metal ion source (LMIS) [4]. Gallium is attractive as an ion source...Figure 3b. EDS spectra were captured at different points across the patterned region of the room temperature milled sample, as indicated in Figure 4

Refractive Index of III-metal-polar and N-polar AlGaN Waveguides Grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-03

traditional birefringent materials is the wide bandgap semiconductor AlGaN. This semiconductor belongs to the 6 mm point group, and thus, has five non...effi- ciency of the SHG structure. As the two different polar surfa- ces incorporate point defects at a different rate during growth,25,26 the...diffraction in a triple axis geometry to determine the c-lattice parameter through the use of the (002) symmetric reflection and relating it to com

Effects of H{sub 2} enrichment on the propagation characteristics of CH{sub 4}-air triple flames

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Briones, Alejandro M.; Aggarwal, Suresh K.; Katta, Viswanath R.

The effects of H{sub 2} enrichment on the propagation of laminar CH{sub 4}-air triple flames in axisymmetric coflowing jets are numerically investigated. A comprehensive, time-dependent computational model, which employs a detailed description of chemistry and transport, is used to simulate the transient ignition and flame propagation phenomena. Flames are ignited in a jet-mixing layer far downstream of the burner. Following ignition, a well-defined triple flame is formed that propagates upstream along the stoichiometric mixture fraction line with a nearly constant displacement velocity. As the flame approaches the burner, it transitions to a double flame, and subsequently to a burner-stabilized nonpremixedmore » flame. Predictions are validated using measurements of the displacement flame velocity. As the H{sub 2} concentration in the fuel blend is increased, the displacement flame velocity and local triple flame speed increase progressively due to the enhanced chemical reactivity, diffusivity, and preferential diffusion caused by H{sub 2} addition. In addition, the flammability limits associated with the triple flames are progressively extended with the increase in H{sub 2} concentration. The flame structure and flame dynamics are also markedly modified by H{sub 2} enrichment, which substantially increases the flame curvature and mixture fraction gradient, as well as the hydrodynamic and curvature-induced stretch near the triple point. For all the H{sub 2}-enriched methane-air flames investigated in this study, there is a negative correlation between flame speed and stretch, with the flame speed decreasing almost linearly with stretch, consistent with previous studies. The H{sub 2} addition also modifies the flame sensitivity to stretch, as it decreases the Markstein number (Ma), implying an increased tendency toward diffusive-thermal instability (i.e. Ma {yields} 0). These results are consistent with the previously reported experimental results for outwardly propagating spherical flames burning a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. (author)« less

Knowledge represented using RDF semantic network in the concept of semantic web

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lukasova, A., E-mail: alena.lukasova@osu.cz; Vajgl, M., E-mail: marek.vajgl@osu.cz; Zacek, M., E-mail: martin.zacek@osu.cz

The RDF(S) model has been declared as the basic model to capture knowledge of the semantic web. It provides a common and flexible way to decompose composed knowledge to elementary statements, which can be represented by RDF triples or by RDF graph vectors. From the logical point of view, elements of knowledge can be expressed using at most binary predicates, which can be converted to RDF-triples or graph vectors. However, it is not able to capture implicit knowledge representable by logical formulas. This contribution shows how existing approaches (semantic networks and clausal form logic) can be combined together with RDFmore » to obtain RDF-compatible system with ability to represent implicit knowledge and inference over knowledge base.« less

A fiber optic biosensor for fluorimetric detection of triple-helical DNA.

PubMed

Uddin, A H; Piunno, P A; Hudson, R H; Damha, M J; Krull, U J

1997-10-15

A fiber optic biosensor was used for the fluorimetric detection of T/AT triple-helical DNA formation. The surfaces of two sets of fused silica optical fibers were functionalized with hexaethylene oxide linkers from which decaadenylic acid oligonucleotides were grown in the 3'to 5'and 5'to 3'direction, respectively, using a DNA synthesizer. Fluorescence studies of hybridization showed unequivocal hybridization between oligomers immobilized on the fibers and complementary oligonucleotides from the solution phase, as detected by fluorescence from intercalated ethidium bromide. The complementary oligonucleotide, dT10, which was expected to Watson-Crick hybridize upon cooling the system below the duplex melting temperature ( T m), provided a fluorescence intensity with a negative temperature coefficient. Upon further cooling, to the point where the pyrimidine motif T*AT triple-helix formation occurred, a fluorescence intensity change with a positive temperature coefficient was observed. The reverse-Hoogsteen T.AT triplex, which is known to form with branched nucleic acids, provided a corresponding decrease in fluorescence intensity with decreasing temperature. Full analytical signal evolution was attainable in minutes.

Mechanical Stability Criterion, Triple-Phase Condition, and Pressure Differences of Matter Condensed in a Porous Matrix.

PubMed

Setzer, Max J.

2001-03-01

In contrast to the triple-point condition of bulk material, condensed matter in porous media can coexist stably as liquid, solid, and vapor over a wide temperature range. The necessary conditions are found by a thermodynamic approach starting with the potential which reflects the grand canonical distribution and is characterized by heat and matter exchange. The other parameters are volume and surface. Therefore, it is designated the free mechanical potential. General expressions for mechanical stability are given. On condensation and melting the nonwetting phases vanish. These are thermodynamically stable phase transitions. For the opposing effects evaporation and fusion, an energy barrier must be transgressed either by nucleation or by intrusion as discussed here. These are metastable states. Phase transitions are the conditions which limit the triple-phase region. Within this region high negative pressures are generated in the unfrozen liquid independent of the pore size where it exists. The findings are applied to water in the disperse matrix of hardened cement paste. They are the basis for "micro ice lens pumping". Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Optimization of the linear-scaling local natural orbital CCSD(T) method: Redundancy-free triples correction using Laplace transform.

PubMed

Nagy, Péter R; Kállay, Mihály

2017-06-07

An improved algorithm is presented for the evaluation of the (T) correction as a part of our local natural orbital (LNO) coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [LNO-CCSD(T)] scheme [Z. Rolik et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 094105 (2013)]. The new algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than our previous one and removes the bottleneck related to the calculation of the (T) contribution. First, a numerical Laplace transformed expression for the (T) fragment energy is introduced, which requires on average 3 to 4 times fewer floating point operations with negligible compromise in accuracy eliminating the redundancy among the evaluated triples amplitudes. Second, an additional speedup factor of 3 is achieved by the optimization of our canonical (T) algorithm, which is also executed in the local case. These developments can also be integrated into canonical as well as alternative fragmentation-based local CCSD(T) approaches with minor modifications. As it is demonstrated by our benchmark calculations, the evaluation of the new Laplace transformed (T) correction can always be performed if the preceding CCSD iterations are feasible, and the new scheme enables the computation of LNO-CCSD(T) correlation energies with at least triple-zeta quality basis sets for realistic three-dimensional molecules with more than 600 atoms and 12 000 basis functions in a matter of days on a single processor.

Optimization of the linear-scaling local natural orbital CCSD(T) method: Redundancy-free triples correction using Laplace transform

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

An improved algorithm is presented for the evaluation of the (T) correction as a part of our local natural orbital (LNO) coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [LNO-CCSD(T)] scheme [Z. Rolik et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 094105 (2013)]. The new algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than our previous one and removes the bottleneck related to the calculation of the (T) contribution. First, a numerical Laplace transformed expression for the (T) fragment energy is introduced, which requires on average 3 to 4 times fewer floating point operations with negligible compromise in accuracy eliminating the redundancy among the evaluated triples amplitudes. Second, an additional speedup factor of 3 is achieved by the optimization of our canonical (T) algorithm, which is also executed in the local case. These developments can also be integrated into canonical as well as alternative fragmentation-based local CCSD(T) approaches with minor modifications. As it is demonstrated by our benchmark calculations, the evaluation of the new Laplace transformed (T) correction can always be performed if the preceding CCSD iterations are feasible, and the new scheme enables the computation of LNO-CCSD(T) correlation energies with at least triple-zeta quality basis sets for realistic three-dimensional molecules with more than 600 atoms and 12 000 basis functions in a matter of days on a single processor. PMID:28576082

Curious Consequences of a Miscopied Quadratic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poet, Jeffrey L.; Vestal, Donald L., Jr.

2005-01-01

The starting point of this article is a search for pairs of quadratic polynomials x[superscript 2] + bx plus or minus c with the property that they both factor over the integers. The search leads quickly to some number theory in the form of primitive Pythagorean triples, and this paper develops the connection between these two topics.

Application of triple collocation in ground-based validation of soil moisture active/passive (SMAP) level 2 data products

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The validation of the soil moisture retrievals from the recently-launched NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) satellite is important prior to their full public release. Uncertainty in attempts to characterize footprint-scale surface-layer soil moisture using point-scale ground observations has ...

Lasing and Longitudinal Cavity Modes in Photo-Pumped Deep Ultraviolet AlGaN Heterostructures

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-29

of the structures were intentionally doped. The AlGaN composition was determined by triple -axis high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements. Cross...threshold can be achieved on single crystal AlN substrates. This achievement serves as a starting point towards realizing electrically pumped sub-300 nm UV

Anisotropic surface melting in lyotropic cubic crystals: part 2: facet-by-facet melting at Ia3d/vapor interfaces.

PubMed

Leroy, S; Grenier, J; Rohe, D; Even, C; Pieranski, P

2006-05-01

From experiments with metal crystals, in the vicinity of their crystal/liquid/vapor triple points, it is known that melting of crystals starts on their surfaces and is anisotropic. Recently, we have shown that anisotropic surface melting occurs also in lyotropic systems. In our previous paper (Eur. Phys. J. E 19, 223 (2006)), we have focused on the case of poor faceting at the Pn3m/L1 interface in C12EO2/water binary mixtures. There anisotropic melting occurs in the vicinity of a Pn3m/L3/L1 triple point. In the present paper, we focus on the opposite case of a rich devil's-staircase-type faceting at Ia3d/vapor interfaces in monoolein/water and phytantriol/water mixtures. We show that anisotropic surface melting takes place in these systems in a narrow humidity range close to the Ia3d-L2 transition. As whole (hkl) sets of facets disappear one after another when the transition is approached, surface melting occurs in a facet-by-facet type.

Factors influencing flow steadiness in laminar boundary layer shock interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tumuklu, Ozgur; Levin, Deborah A.; Gimelshein, Sergey F.; Austin, Joanna M.

2016-11-01

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method has been used to model laminar shock wave boundary interactions of hypersonic flow over a 30/55-deg double-wedge and "tick-shaped" model configurations studied in the Hypervelocity Expansion Tube facility and T-ADFA free-piston shock tunnel, respectively. The impact of thermochemical effects on these interactions by changing the chemical composition from nitrogen to air as well as argon for a stagnation enthalpy of 8.0 MJ/kg flow are investigated using the 2-D wedge model. The simulations are found to reproduce many of the classic features related to Edney Type V strong shock interactions that include the attached, oblique shock formed over the first wedge, the detached bow shock from the second wedge, the separation zone, and the separation and reattachment shocks that cause complex features such as the triple point for both cases. However, results of a reacting air flow case indicate that the size of the separation length, and the movement of the triple point toward to the leading edge is much less than the nitrogen case.

Direct Measurements of Quantum Kinetic Energy Tensor in Stable and Metastable Water near the Triple Point: An Experimental Benchmark.

PubMed

Andreani, Carla; Romanelli, Giovanni; Senesi, Roberto

2016-06-16

This study presents the first direct and quantitative measurement of the nuclear momentum distribution anisotropy and the quantum kinetic energy tensor in stable and metastable (supercooled) water near its triple point, using deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS). From the experimental spectra, accurate line shapes of the hydrogen momentum distributions are derived using an anisotropic Gaussian and a model-independent framework. The experimental results, benchmarked with those obtained for the solid phase, provide the state of the art directional values of the hydrogen mean kinetic energy in metastable water. The determinations of the direction kinetic energies in the supercooled phase, provide accurate and quantitative measurements of these dynamical observables in metastable and stable phases, that is, key insight in the physical mechanisms of the hydrogen quantum state in both disordered and polycrystalline systems. The remarkable findings of this study establish novel insight into further expand the capacity and accuracy of DINS investigations of the nuclear quantum effects in water and represent reference experimental values for theoretical investigations.

DFT studies on the mechanism of the reaction of C2H5S with NO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Yi-Zhen; Sun, Hao; Pan, Ya-Ru; Pan, Xiu-Mei; Wang, Rong-Shun

The mechanisms for the reaction of C2H5S with NO2 are investigated at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level on both single and triple potential energy surfaces. The geometries, vibrational frequencies and zero-point energy (ZPE) corrections of all stationary points involved in the title reaction are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level. The results show that the reaction is more predominant on the single potential energy surface, while it is negligible on the triple potential energy surface. Without barrier height in the whole process, the major channel is R ? C2H5SONO (IM1 and IM2) ? P1 (C2H5SO+NO). With much heat released in the formation of C2H5SNO2 (IM3) and the transition state involved in the subsequent step more stable than reactants, P4 (CH3CHS + t-HONO) is subdominant product energetically.

Reference correlation of the thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide from the triple point to 1100 K and up to 200 MPa

DOE PAGES

Huber, M. L.; Sykioti, E. A.; Assael, M. J.; ...

2016-02-25

This article contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, we incorporated recent theoretical calculations to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlation is applicable for the temperature range from the triple pointmore » to 1100 K and pressures up to 200 MPa. Lastly, the overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the proposed correlation varies depending on the state point from a low of 1% at very low pressures below 0.1 MPa between 300 and 700 K, to 5% at the higher pressures of the range of validity.« less

Large Scale Production of Densified Hydrogen Using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Notardonato, William U.; Swanger, Adam Michael; Jumper, Kevin M.; Fesmire, James E.; Tomsik, Thomas M.; Johnson, Wesley L.

2017-01-01

Recent demonstration of advanced liquid hydrogen storage techniques using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage (IRAS) technology at NASA Kennedy Space Center led to the production of large quantities of solid densified liquid and slush hydrogen in a 125,000 L tank. Production of densified hydrogen was performed at three different liquid levels and LH2 temperatures were measured by twenty silicon diode temperature sensors. System energy balances and solid mass fractions are calculated. Experimental data reveal hydrogen temperatures dropped well below the triple point during testing (up to 1 K), and were continuing to trend downward prior to system shutdown. Sub-triple point temperatures were seen to evolve in a time dependent manner along the length of the horizontal, cylindrical vessel. Twenty silicon diode temperature sensors were recorded over approximately one month for testing at two different fill levels (33 67). The phenomenon, observed at both two fill levels, is described and presented detailed and explained herein., and The implications of using IRAS for energy storage, propellant densification, and future cryofuel systems are discussed.

Characteristics of the Self-evaporation Behavior of Sprinkled Water near the Triple Point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aizawa, Kazuo; Hayashi, Kanetoshi; Ogoshi, Hidemasa; Maeyama, Katsuya; Yonezawa, Noriyuki

For the sake of capturing the basic data in concern with the designing of vacuum evaporation apparatus, characteristics of the self-evaporation behavior of sprinkled water near the triple point has been investigated experimentally. The relationship between the amount of the vaporized water and the pressure in the vessel was elucidated quantitatively on the condition that over-heated water was sprinkled from water supplying nozzles of diameter of 4 mm into the center of the steam area in the heat insulation glass evaporation vessel having diameter of 200 mm and height of 1100 mm. Even under the mild water sprinkling conditions such as no small particle formation, small Reynolds number, and small Weber number, the temperature effectiveness of the self-evaporation in the center of the steam was as high as 80%, which clearly shows the effectiveness of this water-sprinkling method. In addition, the basic data for system designing such as water evaporation coefficient from water layer surface and temperature effectiveness of self-evaporation during the f1ight in the steam space were obtained.

Stability of planetary orbits in triple star systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Busetti, Franco; Beust, Hervé; Harley, Charis

2018-06-01

Triple stellar systems comprising a central binary orbited by a third star at a larger distance are fairly common. However, there have been very few studies on the stability of planetary orbits in such systems. There has been almost no work on generalised systems, little on retrograde planetary orbits and none on retrograde stellar orbits, with nearly all being for coplanar orbits and for a limited number of orbital parameters. We provide a generalised numerical mapping of the regions of planetary stability in triples, using the symplectic N-body code HJS (Beust 2003) designed for the dynamics of multiple hierarchical systems. We investigate all these orbit types and extend the parameters used to all relevant orbital elements of the triple’s stars, also expanding these elements and mass ratios to wider ranges.This establishes the regions of secular stability and results in empirical models describing the stability bounds for planets in each type of triple configuration, as functions of the various system parameters. These results are compared to the corresponding results for binaries in the limit of a vanishing mass of the third star. A general feature is that retrograde planetary orbits appear more stable than prograde ones, and that stable regions also tend to be wider when the third star's motion is retrograde. Conversely, we point out the destabilizing role of Kozai-Lidov resonance in non-coplanar systems, which shrinks the stability regions as a result of large induced eccentricity variations. Nonetheless, large enough stability regions for planets do exist in triples, and this should motivate future observational campaigns.Refs : Beust, 2003, A&A 400, 1129 Busetti, Beust, Harley, 2018, to be submitted to A&A

Complete analysis of ensemble inequivalence in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hovhannisyan, V. V.; Ananikian, N. S.; Campa, A.; Ruffo, S.

2017-12-01

We study inequivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles in the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. This generalizes previous results obtained for the Blume-Capel model. The phase diagram strongly depends on the value of the biquadratic exchange interaction K , the additional feature present in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. At small values of K , as for the Blume-Capel model, lines of first- and second-order phase transitions between a ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic phase are present, separated by a tricritical point whose location is different in the two ensembles. At higher values of K the phase diagram changes substantially, with the appearance of a triple point in the canonical ensemble, which does not find any correspondence in the microcanonical ensemble. Moreover, one of the first-order lines that starts from the triple point ends in a critical point, whose position in the phase diagram is different in the two ensembles. This line separates two paramagnetic phases characterized by a different value of the quadrupole moment. These features were not previously studied for other models and substantially enrich the landscape of ensemble inequivalence, identifying new aspects that had been discussed in a classification of phase transitions based on singularity theory. Finally, we discuss ergodicity breaking, which is highlighted by the presence of gaps in the accessible values of magnetization at low energies: it also displays new interesting patterns that are not present in the Blume-Capel model.

Plasma measurement by optical visualization and triple probe method under high-speed impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakai, T.; Umeda, K.; Kinoshita, S.; Watanabe, K.

2017-02-01

High-speed impact on spacecraft by space debris poses a threat. When a high-speed projectile collides with target, it is conceivable that the heat created by impact causes severe damage at impact point. Investigation of the temperature is necessary for elucidation of high-speed impact phenomena. However, it is very difficult to measure the temperature with standard methods for two main reasons. One reason is that a thermometer placed on the target is instantaneously destroyed upon impact. The other reason is that there is not enough time resolution to measure the transient temperature changes. In this study, the measurement of plasma induced by high-speed impact was investigated to estimate temperature changes near the impact point. High-speed impact experiments were performed with a vertical gas gun. The projectile speed was approximately 700 m/s, and the target material was A5052. The experimental data to calculate the plasma parameters of electron temperature and electron density were measured by triple probe method. In addition, the diffusion behavior of plasma was observed by optical visualization technique using high-speed camera. The frame rate and the exposure time were 260 kfps and 1.0 μs, respectively. These images are considered to be one proof to show the validity of plasma measurement. The experimental results showed that plasma signals were detected for around 70 μs, and the rising phase of the wave form was in good agreement with timing of optical visualization image when the plasma arrived at the tip of triple probe.

Predicting phase equilibria in one-component systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korchuganova, M. R.; Esina, Z. N.

2015-07-01

It is shown that Simon equation coefficients for n-alkanes and n-alcohols can be modeled using critical and triple point parameters. Predictions of the phase liquid-vapor, solid-vapor, and liquid-solid equilibria in one-component systems are based on the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, Van der Waals and Simon equations, and the principle of thermodynamic similarity.

Triple A: Alternative for At-Risk Adolescents?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills-Walker, Shelly

2011-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative, causal comparative study was to examine the extent to which attending an alternative educational program at some point during high school could likely influence the graduation rate of at-risk students in an urban school district in the state of Missouri. Four years of nonrandom samples of graduation data from 2006…

Complexities of One-Component Phase Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciccioli, Andrea; Glasser, Leslie

2011-01-01

For most materials, the solid at and near the triple-point temperature is denser than the liquid with which it is in equilibrium. However, for water and certain other materials, the densities of the phases are reversed, with the solid being less dense. The profound consequences for the appearance of the "pVT" diagram of one-component materials…

Where Do Messy Planetary Nebulae Come From?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2017-03-01

If you examined images of planetary nebulae, you would find that many of them have an appearance that is too messy to be accounted for in the standard model of how planetary nebulae form. So what causes these structures?Examples of planetary nebulae that have a low probability of having beenshaped by a triple stellar system. They are mostly symmetric, with only slight departures (labeled) that can be explained by instabilities, interactions with the interstellar medium, etc. [Bear and Soker 2017]A Range of LooksAt the end of a stars lifetime, in the red-giant phase, strong stellar winds can expel the outer layers of the star. The hot, luminous core then radiates in ultraviolet, ionizing the gas of the ejected stellar layers and causing them to shine as a brightly colored planetary nebula for a few tens of thousands of years.Planetary nebulae come in a wide variety of morphologies. Some are approximately spherical, but others can be elliptical, bipolar, quadrupolar, or even more complex.Its been suggested that non-spherical planetary nebulae might be shaped by the presence of a second star in a binary system with the source of the nebula but even this scenario should still produce a structure with axial or mirror symmetry.A pair of scientists from Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Ealeal Bear and Noam Soker, argue that planetary nebulae with especially messy morphologies those without clear axial or point symmetries may have been shaped by an interacting triple stellar system instead.Examples of planetary nebulae that might have been shaped by a triple stellar system. They have some deviations from symmetry but also show signs of interacting with the interstellar medium. [Bear and Soker 2017]Departures from SymmetryTo examine this possibility more closely, Bear and Soker look at a sample of thousands planetary nebulae and qualitatively classify each of them into one of four categories, based on the degree to which they show signs of having been shaped by a triple stellar progenitor. The primary signs the authors look for are:SymmetriesIf a planetary nebula has a strong axisymmetric or point-symmetric structure (i.e., its bipolar, elliptical, spherical, etc.), it was likely not shaped by a triple progenitor. If clear symmetries are missing, however, or if there is a departure from symmetry in specific regions, the morphology of the planetary nebula may have been shaped by the presence of stars in a close triple system.Interaction with the interstellar mediumSome asymmetries, especially local ones, can be explained by interaction of the planetary nebula with the interstellar medium. The authors look for signs of such an interaction, which decreases the likelihood that a triple stellar system need be involved to produce the morphology we observe.Examples of planetary nebulae that are extremely likely to have been shaped by a triple stellar system. They have strong departures from symmetry and dont show signs of interacting with the interstellar medium. [Bear and Soker 2017]Influential TriosFrom the images in two planetary nebulae catalogs the Planetary Nebula Image Catelog and the HASH catalog Bear and Soker find that 275 and 372 planetary nebulae are categorizable, respectively. By assigning crude probabilities to their categories, the authors estimate that the total fraction of planetary nebulae shaped by three stars in a close system is around 1321%.The authors argue that in some cases, all three stars might survive. This means that we may be able to find direct evidence of these triple stellar systems lying in the hearts of especially messy planetary nebulae.CitationEaleal Bear and Noam Soker 2017 ApJL 837 L10. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa611c

Is HO3 minimum cis or trans? An analytic full-dimensional ab initio isomerization path.

PubMed

Varandas, A J C

2011-05-28

The minimum energy path for isomerization of HO(3) has been explored in detail using accurate high-level ab initio methods and techniques for extrapolation to the complete basis set limit. In agreement with other reports, the best estimates from both valence-only and all-electron single-reference methods here utilized predict the minimum of the cis-HO(3) isomer to be deeper than the trans-HO(3) one. They also show that the energy varies by less than 1 kcal mol(-1) or so over the full isomerization path. A similar result is found from valence-only multireference configuration interaction calculations with the size-extensive Davidson correction and a correlation consistent triple-zeta basis, which predict the energy difference between the two isomers to be of only Δ = -0.1 kcal mol(-1). However, single-point multireference calculations carried out at the optimum triple-zeta geometry with basis sets of the correlation consistent family but cardinal numbers up to X = 6 lead upon a dual-level extrapolation to the complete basis set limit of Δ = (0.12 ± 0.05) kcal mol(-1). In turn, extrapolations with the all-electron single-reference coupled-cluster method including the perturbative triples correction yield values of Δ = -0.19 and -0.03 kcal mol(-1) when done from triple-quadruple and quadruple-quintuple zeta pairs with two basis sets of increasing quality, namely cc-cpVXZ and aug-cc-pVXZ. Yet, if added a value of 0.25 kcal mol(-1) that accounts for the effect of triple and perturbative quadruple excitations with the VTZ basis set, one obtains a coupled cluster estimate of Δ = (0.14 ± 0.08) kcal mol(-1). It is then shown for the first time from systematic ab initio calculations that the trans-HO(3) isomer is more stable than the cis one, in agreement with the available experimental evidence. Inclusion of the best reported zero-point energy difference (0.382 kcal mol(-1)) from multireference configuration interaction calculations enhances further the relative stability to ΔE(ZPE) = (0.51 ± 0.08) kcal mol(-1). A scheme is also suggested to model the full-dimensional isomerization potential-energy surface using a quadratic expansion that is parametrically represented by a Fourier analysis in the torsion angle. The method illustrated at the raw and complete basis-set limit coupled-cluster levels can provide a valuable tool for a future analysis of the available (incomplete thus far) experimental rovibrational data. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2011

Water Triple-Point Comparisons: Plateau Averaging or Peak Value?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steur, P. P. M.; Dematteis, R.

2014-04-01

With a certain regularity, national metrology institutes conduct comparisons of water triple-point (WTP) cells. The WTP is the most important fixed point for the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). In such comparisons, it is common practice to simply average all the single measured temperature points obtained on a single ice mantle. This practice is quite reasonable whenever the measurements show no time dependence in the results. Ever since the first Supplementary Information for the International Temperature Scale of 1990, published by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in Sèvres, it was strongly suggested to wait at least 1 day before taking measurements (now up to 10 days), in order for a newly created ice mantle to stabilize. This stabilization is accompanied by a change in temperature with time. A recent improvement in the sensitivity of resistance measurement enabled the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica to detect more clearly the (possible) change in temperature with time of the WTP on a single ice mantle, as for old borosilicate cells. A limited investigation was performed where the temperature of two cells was monitored day-by-day, from the moment of mantle creation, where it was found that with (old) borosilicate cells it may be counterproductive to wait the usual week before starting measurements. The results are presented and discussed, and it is suggested to adapt the standard procedure for comparisons of WTP cells allowing for a different data treatment with (old) borosilicate cells, because taking the temperature dependence into account will surely reduce the reported differences between cells.

Training in Parent Consultation Skills for Primary Care Practitioners in Early Intervention in the Pre-School Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crisante, Lea

2003-01-01

Describes the implementation of a brief behavioral intervention, based on the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, by 13 pre-school practitioners with 39 parents. The results point to the role of primary care practitioners in providing services in settings that are easily accessed by parents, thus increasing the availability of support to parents…

Graph Visualization for RDF Graphs with SPARQL-EndPoints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sukumar, Sreenivas R; Bond, Nathaniel

2014-07-11

RDF graphs are hard to visualize as triples. This software module is a web interface that connects to a SPARQL endpoint and retrieves graph data that the user can explore interactively and seamlessly. The software written in python and JavaScript has been tested to work on screens as little as the smart phones to large screens such as EVEREST.

Campus Suicide: The Role of College Personnel from Intervention to Postvention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardin, Carlette J.; Weast, Philip G.

Suicide is a personal act with a high degree of interpersonal effects and outcomes. The student contemplating or attempting suicide has reached a turning point in his life and is searching for a way out. Suicide rates among college-age students have tripled over the past 25 years. While national attention has been drawn to the problem of teenage…

Vapor Pressure Plus: An Experiment for Studying Phase Equilibria in Water, with Observation of Supercooling, Spontaneous Freezing, and the Triple Point

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tellinghuisen, Joel

2010-01-01

Liquid-vapor, solid-vapor, and solid-liquid-vapor equilibria are studied for the pure substance water, using modern equipment that includes specially fabricated glass cells. Samples are evaporatively frozen initially, during which they typically supercool to -5 to -10 [degrees]C before spontaneously freezing. Vacuum pumping lowers the temperature…

Very early diagnosis of chest pain by point-of-care testing: comparison of the diagnostic efficiency of a panel of cardiac biomarkers compared with troponin measurement alone in the RATPAC trial.

PubMed

Collinson, Paul; Goodacre, Steve; Gaze, David; Gray, Alasdair

2012-02-01

To assess the impact of triple marker testing on patient management and the diagnostic efficiencies of different biomarker strategies examined. A prospective randomised trial of triple marker testing by point-of-care testing (POCT); the Randomised Assessment of Panel Assay of Cardiac markers (RATPAC) study. Six emergency departments. Low-risk patients presenting with chest pain to diagnostic assessment with a cardiac panel measured by POCT or to diagnosis when biomarker measurement was based on central laboratory testing. Interventions 1125 patients were randomly assigned to POCT measurement of the triple marker panel of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin and the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) on admission and 90 min from admission. Myocardial infarction (MI) was defined by the universal definition of MI. The following diagnostic strategies were compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and comparison of area under the curve (AUC): individual marker values, change (Δ) in CK-MB and myoglobin and the combination of presentation or 90 min value plus Δ value. Admission sample measurement of cTnI was the most diagnostically efficient AUC 0.96 (0.93-0.98) with areas under the ROC curve statistically significantly greater than CK-MB 0.85 (0.80-0.90) and myoglobin 0.75 (0.68-0.81). At 90 min cTnI measurement had the highest AUC 0.95 (0.87-1.00) but was statistically significantly different only from Δmyoglobin and ΔCK-MB. Measurement of cTnI alone is sufficient for diagnosis. Measurement of a marker panel does not facilitate diagnosis.

Exciton-phonon cooperative mechanism of the triple-q charge-density-wave and antiferroelectric electron polarization in TiSe2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaneko, Tatsuya; Ohta, Yukinori; Yunoki, Seiji

2018-04-01

We investigate the microscopic mechanisms of the charge-density-wave (CDW) formation in a monolayer TiSe2 using a realistic multiorbital d -p model with electron-phonon coupling and intersite Coulomb (excitonic) interactions. First, we estimate the tight-binding bands of Ti 3 d and Se 4 p orbitals in the monolayer TiSe2 on the basis of the first-principles band-structure calculations. We thereby show orbital textures of the undistorted band structure near the Fermi level. Next, we derive the electron-phonon coupling using the tight-binding approximation and show that the softening occurs in the transverse phonon mode at the M point of the Brillouin zone. The stability of the triple-q CDW state is thus examined to show that the transverse phonon modes at the M1, M2, and M3 points are frozen simultaneously. Then, we introduce the intersite Coulomb interactions between the nearest-neighbor Ti and Se atoms that lead to the excitonic instability between the valence Se 4 p and conduction Ti 3 d bands. Treating the intersite Coulomb interactions in the mean-field approximation, we show that the electron-phonon and excitonic interactions cooperatively stabilize the triple-q CDW state in TiSe2. We also calculate a single-particle spectrum in the CDW state and reproduce the band folding spectra observed in photoemission spectroscopies. Finally, to clarify the nature of the CDW state, we examine the electronic charge density distribution and show that the CDW state in TiSe2 is of a bond type and induces a vortexlike antiferroelectric polarization in the kagome network of Ti atoms.

Anemia and Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Breastfed Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study.

PubMed

Odhiambo, Collins; Zeh, Clement; Ondoa, Pascale; Omolo, Paul; Akoth, Benta; Lwamba, Humphrey; Lando, Richard; Williamson, John; Otieno, Juliana; Masaba, Rose; Weidle, Paul; Thomas, Timothy

2015-01-01

Anemia results in increased morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need to better understand its pathophysiology amongst HIV-exposed and infected children in sub-Saharan Africa, the region where most infant HIV exposure and infections occur. This analysis used samples obtained from children in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (KiBS). KiBS was a longitudinal phase IIB, open-label, one-arm clinical trial, designed to investigate the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of a maternal triple-antiretroviral (ARV) regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, during late pregnancy and early infancy while breastfeeding. Blood samples from 482 children were obtained at birth, 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks and 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Severity of anemia was graded using the NIH Division of AIDS (DAIDS) toxicity tables. We describe the proportion of children with anemia and anomalies in red blood cell parameters at various time points over 24 months and compare rates of anemia between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and by mothers' ARV regimen and infant malaria infection. The proportion of children with anemia significantly increased after the breastfeeding period in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children with higher proportion among HIV-infected children compared to HIV-uninfected children (RR: 1.72; CI: 1.22-2.44, p = 0.002). Maternal triple-antiretroviral regimen was not associated with infant anemia (p = 0.11). There was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin between HIV-uninfected children with and without malaria at each time point except at 24 months. A relatively lower proportion of children with severe anemia during the breastfeeding period suggest that exposure to mother's triple antiretroviral combinations through breast milk, posed minimal risk of hematologic toxicity.

Treatment of distal-third clavicular fractures (Neer type ii-b) with a triple button device.

PubMed

Cano-Martínez, J A; Nicolás-Serrano, G; Andrés-Grau, J; Bento-Gerard, J

The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of using a triple button device for the treatment of displaced distal-third clavicle fractures (Neer, type ii-b). A retrospective review was conducted on a series of patients between November 2011 and December 2014. Fourteen patients initially met the inclusion criteria, but 2 were excluded, leaving 12 patients (83.3% male; mean age 32.2 years) for the final analysis at a mean follow-up of 26±11.24 months (range, 12-48). Post-operative follow-up was performed at 2 weeks (two first months), and monthly thereafter, until was achieving clinically and radiological healing. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Constant score, and DASH score in the last follow-up. The mean Constant Score was 95.5±5.2 points (range, 85-100), with a mean DASH score of 3.3±4.4 points (range, 0-12.5). The mean time to clinical healing was10.3±3.1 weeks (range, 8-16), and the mean time to radiological healing was 13.6±2.6 weeks (range, 12-20). There were no major complications. There were 5 minor complications without clinical impact: 2 coracoclavicular calcifications, 1 hypertrophic scar, 1 patient with discomfort due to the device, and 1 superficial wound infection. All patients returned their previous activity. Good clinical results can be achieved with the triple button device in unstable distal fractures of the clavicle, without the need to remove the hardware. Copyright © 2016 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Study on the Spatial Resolution of Single and Multiple Coincidences Compton Camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreyev, Andriy; Sitek, Arkadiusz; Celler, Anna

2012-10-01

In this paper we study the image resolution that can be obtained from the Multiple Coincidences Compton Camera (MCCC). The principle of MCCC is based on a simultaneous acquisition of several gamma-rays emitted in cascade from a single nucleus. Contrary to a standard Compton camera, MCCC can theoretically provide the exact location of a radioactive source (based only on the identification of the intersection point of three cones created by a single decay), without complicated tomographic reconstruction. However, practical implementation of the MCCC approach encounters several problems, such as low detection sensitivities result in very low probability of coincident triple gamma-ray detection, which is necessary for the source localization. It is also important to evaluate how the detection uncertainties (finite energy and spatial resolution) influence identification of the intersection of three cones, thus the resulting image quality. In this study we investigate how the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images using the triple-cone reconstruction (TCR) approach compares to images reconstructed from the same data using standard iterative method based on single-cone. Results show, that FWHM for the point source reconstructed with TCR was 20-30% higher than the one obtained from the standard iterative reconstruction based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and conventional single-cone Compton imaging. Finite energy and spatial resolutions of the MCCC detectors lead to errors in conical surfaces definitions (“thick” conical surfaces) which only amplify in image reconstruction when intersection of three cones is being sought. Our investigations show that, in spite of being conceptually appealing, the identification of triple cone intersection constitutes yet another restriction of the multiple coincidence approach which limits the image resolution that can be obtained with MCCC and TCR algorithm.

Phase diagram of antimony up to 31 GPa and 835 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coleman, A. L.; Stevenson, M.; McMahon, M. I.; Macleod, S. G.

2018-04-01

X-ray powder diffraction experiments using resistively heated diamond anvil cells have been conducted in order to establish the phase behavior of antimony up to 31 GPa and 835 K. The dip in the melting curve at 5.7 GPa and 840 K is identified as the triple point between the Sb-I, incommensurate Sb-II, and liquid phases. No evidence of the previously reported simple cubic phase was observed. Determination of the phase boundary between Sb-II and Sb-III suggests the existence of a second triple point in the region of 13 GPa and 1200 K. The incommensurate composite structure of Sb-II was found to remain ordered to the highest temperatures studies—no evidence of disordering of the guest-atom chains was observed. Indeed, the modulation reflections that arise from interactions between the host and guest subsystems were found to be present to the highest temperatures, suggesting such interactions remain relatively strong in Sb even in the presence of increased thermal motion. Finally, we show that the incommensurately modulated structure recently reported as giving an improved fit to diffraction data from incommensurate Ba-IV can be rejected as the structure of Sb-II using a simple density argument.

Final report on APMP.T-K7.1 key comparison of water triple point cells, bilateral NMIJ-VMI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamazawa, Kazuaki; Nakano, Tohru; Thanh Binh, Pham

2018-01-01

APMP.T-K7.1, was held from July 2014 to May 2015 to compare the national realizations of the water triple point between NMIJ (Japan) and VMI (Vietnam). To reach the objective, VMI sent a transfer cell to NMIJ and stated a value for the temperature difference of the transfer cell, relative to the corresponding national standard, representing 273.16 K. This report presents the results of the TPW comparison, gives detailed information about the measurements made at the NMIJ and at the VMI, and aims to link the results of APMP.T-K7.1 to APMP.T-K7 and CCT-K7. The results of this key comparison are also represented in the form of degrees of equivalence for the purposes of the MRA. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Communication: Phase diagram of C36 by atomistic molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration through coexistence regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abramo, M. C.; Caccamo, C.; Costa, D.; Munaò, G.

2014-09-01

We report an atomistic molecular dynamics determination of the phase diagram of a rigid-cage model of C36. We first show that free energies obtained via thermodynamic integrations along isotherms displaying "van der Waals loops," are fully reproduced by those obtained via isothermal-isochoric integration encompassing only stable states. We find that a similar result also holds for isochoric paths crossing van der Waals regions of the isotherms, and for integrations extending to rather high densities where liquid-solid coexistence can be expected to occur. On such a basis we are able to map the whole phase diagram of C36, with resulting triple point and critical temperatures about 1770 K and 2370 K, respectively. We thus predict a 600 K window of existence of a stable liquid phase. Also, at the triple point density, we find that the structural functions and the diffusion coefficient maintain a liquid-like character down to 1400-1300 K, this indicating a wide region of possible supercooling. We discuss why all these features might render possible the observation of the melting of C36 fullerite and of its liquid state, at variance with what previously experienced for C60.

A Bayesian algorithm for detecting differentially expressed proteins and its application in breast cancer research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santra, Tapesh; Delatola, Eleni Ioanna

2016-07-01

Presence of considerable noise and missing data points make analysis of mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteomic data a challenging task. The missing values in MS data are caused by the inability of MS machines to reliably detect proteins whose abundances fall below the detection limit. We developed a Bayesian algorithm that exploits this knowledge and uses missing data points as a complementary source of information to the observed protein intensities in order to find differentially expressed proteins by analysing MS based proteomic data. We compared its accuracy with many other methods using several simulated datasets. It consistently outperformed other methods. We then used it to analyse proteomic screens of a breast cancer (BC) patient cohort. It revealed large differences between the proteomic landscapes of triple negative and Luminal A, which are the most and least aggressive types of BC. Unexpectedly, majority of these differences could be attributed to the direct transcriptional activity of only seven transcription factors some of which are known to be inactive in triple negative BC. We also identified two new proteins which significantly correlated with the survival of BC patients, and therefore may have potential diagnostic/prognostic values.

Evaluation of the existing triple point path models with new experimental data: proposal of an original empirical formulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boutillier, J.; Ehrhardt, L.; De Mezzo, S.; Deck, C.; Magnan, P.; Naz, P.; Willinger, R.

2018-03-01

With the increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), the need for better mitigation, either for building integrity or for personal security, increases in importance. Before focusing on the interaction of the shock wave with a target and the potential associated damage, knowledge must be acquired regarding the nature of the blast threat, i.e., the pressure-time history. This requirement motivates gaining further insight into the triple point (TP) path, in order to know precisely which regime the target will encounter (simple reflection or Mach reflection). Within this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate three existing TP path empirical models, which in turn are used in other empirical models for the determination of the pressure profile. These three TP models are the empirical function of Kinney, the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) curves, and the model of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). As discrepancies are observed between these models, new experimental data were obtained to test their reliability and a new promising formulation is proposed for scaled heights of burst ranging from 24.6-172.9 cm/kg^{1/3}.

Phase Diagrams and the Non-Linear Dielectric Constant in the Landau-Type Potential Including the Linear-Quadratic Coupling between Order Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwata, Makoto; Orihara, Hiroshi; Ishibashi, Yoshihiro

1997-04-01

The phase diagrams in the Landau-type thermodynamic potential including the linear-quadratic coupling between order parameters p and q, i.e., qp2, which is applicable to the phase transition in the benzil, phospholipid bilayers, and the isotropic-nematic phase transition in liquid crystals, are studied. It was found that the phase diagram in the extreme case has one tricritical point c1, one critical end point e1, and two triple points t1 and t2. The linear and nonlinear dielectric constants in the potential are discussed in the case that the order parameter p is the polarization.

Molecular dynamics study of melting and fcc-bcc transitions in Xe.

PubMed

Belonoshko, A B; Ahuja, R; Johansson, B

2001-10-15

We have investigated the phase diagram of Xe over a wide pressure-temperature range by molecular dynamics. The calculated melting curve is in good agreement with earlier experimental data. At a pressure of around 25 GPa and a temperature of about 2700 K we find a triple fcc-bcc liquid point. The calculated fcc-bcc boundary is in nice agreement with the experimental points, which, however, were interpreted as melting. This finding suggests that the transition from close-packed to bcc structure might be more common at high pressure and high temperature than was previously anticipated.

ASRDI oxygen technology survey. Volume 4: Low temperature measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sparks, L. L.

1974-01-01

Information is presented on temperature measurement between the triple point and critical point of liquid oxygen. The criterion selected is that all transducers which may reasonably be employed in the liquid oxygen (LO2) temperature range are considered. The temperature range for each transducer is the appropriate full range for the particular thermometer. The discussion of each thermometer or type of thermometer includes the following information: (1) useful temperature range, (2) general and particular methods of construction and the advantages of each type, (3) specifications (accuracy, reproducibility, response time, etc.), (4) associated instrumentation, (5) calibrations and procedures, and (6) analytical representations.

Primary gas thermometry by means of laser-absorption spectroscopy: determination of the Boltzmann constant.

PubMed

Casa, G; Castrillo, A; Galzerano, G; Wehr, R; Merlone, A; Di Serafino, D; Laporta, P; Gianfrani, L

2008-05-23

We report on a new optical implementation of primary gas thermometry based on laser-absorption spectrometry in the near infrared. The method consists in retrieving the Doppler broadening from highly accurate observations of the line shape of the R(12) nu1+2nu2(0)+nu3 transition in CO2 gas at thermodynamic equilibrium. Doppler width measurements as a function of gas temperature, ranging between the triple point of water and the gallium melting point, allowed for a spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with a relative accuracy of approximately 1.6 x 10(-4).

Primary Gas Thermometry by Means of Laser-Absorption Spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann Constant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casa, G.; Castrillo, A.; Galzerano, G.; Wehr, R.; Merlone, A.; di Serafino, D.; Laporta, P.; Gianfrani, L.

2008-05-01

We report on a new optical implementation of primary gas thermometry based on laser-absorption spectrometry in the near infrared. The method consists in retrieving the Doppler broadening from highly accurate observations of the line shape of the R(12) ν1+2ν20+ν3 transition in CO2 gas at thermodynamic equilibrium. Doppler width measurements as a function of gas temperature, ranging between the triple point of water and the gallium melting point, allowed for a spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with a relative accuracy of ˜1.6×10-4.

GPS satellite clock determination in case of inter-frequency clock biases for triple-frequency precise point positioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jiang; Geng, Jianghui

2017-12-01

Significant time-varying inter-frequency clock biases (IFCBs) within GPS observations prevent the application of the legacy L1/L2 ionosphere-free clock products on L5 signals. Conventional approaches overcoming this problem are to estimate L1/L5 ionosphere-free clocks in addition to their L1/L2 counterparts or to compute IFCBs between the L1/L2 and L1/L5 clocks which are later modeled through a harmonic analysis. In contrast, we start from the undifferenced uncombined GNSS model and propose an alternative approach where a second satellite clock parameter dedicated to the L5 signals is estimated along with the legacy L1/L2 clock. In this manner, we do not need to rely on the correlated L1/L2 and L1/L5 ionosphere-free observables which complicates triple-frequency GPS stochastic models, or account for the unfavorable time-varying hardware biases in undifferenced GPS functional models since they can be absorbed by the L5 clocks. An extra advantage over the ionosphere-free model is that external ionosphere constraints can potentially be introduced to improve PPP. With 27 days of triple-frequency GPS data from globally distributed stations, we find that the RMS of the positioning differences between our GPS model and all conventional models is below 1 mm for all east, north and up components, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model in addressing triple-frequency observations and time-varying IFCBs. Moreover, we can combine the L1/L2 and L5 clocks derived from our model to calculate precisely the L1/L5 clocks which in practice only depart from their legacy counterparts by less than 0.006 ns in RMS. Our triple-frequency GPS model proves convenient and efficient in combating time-varying IFCBs and can be generalized to more than three frequency signals for satellite clock determination.

Synthesis and crystal structure analysis of uranyl triple acetates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klepov, Vladislav V., E-mail: vladislavklepov@gmail.com; Department of Chemistry, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara; Serezhkina, Larisa B.

2016-12-15

Single crystals of triple acetates NaR[UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]{sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O (R=Mg, Co, Ni, Zn), well-known for their use as reagents for sodium determination, were grown from aqueous solutions and their structural and spectroscopic properties were studied. Crystal structures of the mentioned phases are based upon (Na[UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]{sub 3}){sup 2–} clusters and [R(H{sub 2}O){sub 6}]{sup 2+} aqua-complexes. The cooling of a single crystal of NaMg[UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]{sub 3}·6H{sub 2}O from 300 to 100 K leads to a phase transition from trigonal to monoclinic crystal system. Intermolecular interactions between the structural units and their mutual packing were studiedmore » and compared from the point of view of the stereoatomic model of crystal structures based on Voronoi-Dirichlet tessellation. Using this method we compared the crystal structures of the triple acetates with Na[UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}] and [R(H{sub 2}O){sub 6}][UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]{sub 2} and proposed reasons of triple acetates stability. Infrared and Raman spectra were collected and their bands were assigned. - Graphical abstract: Single crystals of uranium based triple acetates, analytical reagents for sodium determination, were synthesized and structurally, spectroscopically and topologically characterized. The structures were compared with the structures of compounds from preceding families [M(H{sub 2}O){sub 6})][UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]{sub 2} (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) and Na[UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 3}]. Analysis was performed with the method of molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra to reveal a large contribution of the hydrogen bonds into intermolecular interactions which can be a reason of low solubility of studied complexes.« less

Behavior of Triple Langmuir Probes in Non-Equilibrium Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Polzin, Kurt A.; Ratcliffe, Alicia C.

2018-01-01

The triple Langmuir probe is an electrostatic probe in which three probe tips collect current when inserted into a plasma. The triple probe differs from a simple single Langmuir probe in the nature of the voltage applied to the probe tips. In the single probe, a swept voltage is applied to the probe tip to acquire a waveform showing the collected current as a function of applied voltage (I-V curve). In a triple probe three probe tips are electrically coupled to each other with constant voltages applied between each of the tips. The voltages are selected such that they would represent three points on the single Langmuir probe I-V curve. Elimination of the voltage sweep makes it possible to measure time-varying plasma properties in transient plasmas. Under the assumption of a Maxwellian plasma, one can determine the time-varying plasma temperature T(sub e)(t) and number density n(sub e)(t) from the applied voltage levels and the time-histories of the collected currents. In the present paper we examine the theory of triple probe operation, specifically focusing on the assumption of a Maxwellian plasma. Triple probe measurements have been widely employed for a number of pulsed and timevarying plasmas, including pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs), dense plasma focus devices, plasma flows, and fusion experiments. While the equilibrium assumption may be justified for some applications, it is unlikely that it is fully justifiable for all pulsed and time-varying plasmas or for all times during the pulse of a plasma device. To examine a simple non-equilibrium plasma case, we return to basic governing equations of probe current collection and compute the current to the probes for a distribution function consisting of two Maxwellian distributions with different temperatures (the two-temperature Maxwellian). A variation of this method is also employed, where one of the Maxwellians is offset from zero (in velocity space) to add a suprathermal beam of electrons to the tail of the main Maxwellian distribution (the bump-on-the-tail distribution function). For a range of parameters in these non-Maxwellian distributions, we compute the current collection to the probes. We compare the distribution function that was assumed a priori with the distribution function one would infer when applying standard triple probe theory to analyze the collected currents. For the assumed class of non-Maxwellian distribution functions this serves to illustrate the effect a non-Maxwellian plasma would have on results interpreted using the equilibrium triple probe current collection theory, allowing us to state the magnitudes of these deviations as a function of the assumed distribution function properties.

Triple Oxygen Isotope Constraints on Seawater δ18O and Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayles, J.; Shen, B.; Homann, M.; Yeung, L.

2017-12-01

One point of contention among geoscientists is whether the 18O/16O ratio of seawater is roughly constant, or if it varies considerably throughout geologic time. On one hand, the oxygen isotope composition of the ocean is thought to be well buffered by high- and low-temperature interactions between seawater and seafloor rocks. If these interactions do not vary on billion-year timescales, the oxygen-isotope compositions of marine sedimentary rocks mostly relate to changes in seawater temperature and global ice volume. On the other hand, long-term cooling of the planetary interior would alter these water-rock interactions leading to a secular change in the oxygen isotope composition of seawater. Models suggest that this secular change would enrich seawater with heavy oxygen isotopes over time. In this study, we present new, high precision, triple-oxygen-isotope (18O/16O, 17O/16O) analyses of marine chert samples from 3.45 Ga to 460Ma. The results of these analyses are paired with a new theoretical quartz-water equilibrium curve and a simplified seawater model to provide possible pairings of δ'18O and Δ'17O for the water which these samples could have formed in equilibrium with. Analysis of the new sample data, in addition to published chert triple oxygen isotope compositions, shows a general trend of older chert samples being progressively incompatible with waters possessing a modern-like seawater triple oxygen isotope composition. Implications on constraining the secular evolution of seawater δ18O and temperature will be discussed.

Constructing Models in Teaching of Chemical Bonds: Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Double and Triple Bonds, Hydrogen Bond and Molecular Geometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uce, Musa

2015-01-01

Studies in chemistry education show that chemistry topics are considered as abstract, complicated and hard to understand by students. For this reason, it is important to develop new materials and use them in classes for better understanding of abstract concepts. Moving from this point, a student-centered research guided by a teacher was conducted…

Ultrasensitive HCV RNA Quantification in Antiviral Triple Therapy: New Insight on Viral Clearance Dynamics and Treatment Outcome Predictors

PubMed Central

Garbuglia, Anna Rosa; Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo; Lionetti, Raffaella; Lapa, Daniele; Castiglione, Filippo; D’Offizi, Gianpiero; Taibi, Chiara; Montalbano, Marzia; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria; Paci, Paola

2016-01-01

Objectives Identifying the predictive factors of Sustained Virological Response (SVR) represents an important challenge in new interferon-based DAA therapies. Here, we analyzed the kinetics of antiviral response associated with a triple drug regimen, and the association between negative residual viral load at different time points during treatment. Methods Twenty-three HCV genotype 1 (GT 1a n = 11; GT1b n = 12) infected patients were included in the study. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used to establish possible association between HCV RNA values at days 1 and 4 from start of therapy and SVR. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the correlation between HCV RNA slope and SVR. A ultrasensitive (US) method was established to measure the residual HCV viral load in those samples which resulted “detected <12IU/ml” or undetectable with ABBOTT standard assay, and was retrospectively used on samples collected at different time points to establish its predictive power for SVR. Results According to LDA, there was no association between SVR and viral kinetics neither at time points earlier than 1 week (days 1 and 4) after therapy initiation nor later. The slopes were not relevant for classifying patients as SVR or no-SVR. No significant differences were observed in the median HCV RNA values at T0 among SVR and no-SVR patients. HCV RNA values with US protocol (LOD 1.2 IU/ml) after 1 month of therapy were considered; the area under the ROC curve was 0.70. Overall, PPV and NPV of undetectable HCV RNA with the US method for SVR was 100% and 46.7%, respectively; sensitivity and specificity were 38.4% and 100% respectively. Conclusion HCV RNA “not detected” by the US method after 1 month of treatment is predictive of SVR in first generation Protease inhibitor (PI)-based triple therapy. The US method could have clinical utility for advanced monitoring of virological response in new interferon based DAA combination regimens. PMID:27560794

[Thermodynamics of drug polymorphism: domains and stability hierarchy by pressure temperature diagram. Application to the tetramorphism of fananserine].

PubMed

Toscani, S

2002-05-01

In this communication, an application of classical thermodynamics to crystalline solid state polymorphism is shown to allow stability p, T domains and stability hierarchy among crystalline phases of a polymorph to be defined by constructing the unary p, T phase diagram. The three topological rules upon which this construction is founded are presented; the first one is a straight consequence of the least vapour pressure criterion by Ostwald. Calculation of triple point co-ordinates and of two-phase equilibrium curves is based upon using both thermodynamic and crystallographic data obtained at ordinary pressure. Clapeyron equation allows the slopes of the straight lines representing equilibria between condensed phases to be calculated and, hence, triple points situated at high or negative pressure to be determined. On the other hand, the hierarchy among the thermodynamic stability degrees of the crystalline varieties may be inferred from the location of the sublimation curves, by merely acknowledging inequalities among vapour pressures at each temperature on the whole T-range. These building-up processes are pointed out by outlining the achievement of a phase diagram related to the tetramorphism of fananserine, an anxiolytic drug. Three out four crystalline forms, namely phases II, III and IV, possess their own stability domain, although those belonging to phases II and III are limited at high pressure by that of phase IV. Conversely, phase I is overall metastable and exhibits a whole monotropic behaviour.

The Crash Intensity Evaluation Using General Centrality Criterions and a Geographically Weighted Regression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghadiriyan Arani, M.; Pahlavani, P.; Effati, M.; Noori Alamooti, F.

2017-09-01

Today, one of the social problems influencing on the lives of many people is the road traffic crashes especially the highway ones. In this regard, this paper focuses on highway of capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the United States namely Atlanta. Geographically weighted regression and general centrality criteria are the aspects of traffic used for this article. In the first step, in order to estimate of crash intensity, it is needed to extract the dual graph from the status of streets and highways to use general centrality criteria. With the help of the graph produced, the criteria are: Degree, Pageranks, Random walk, Eccentricity, Closeness, Betweenness, Clustering coefficient, Eigenvector, and Straightness. The intensity of crash point is counted for every highway by dividing the number of crashes in that highway to the total number of crashes. Intensity of crash point is calculated for each highway. Then, criteria and crash point were normalized and the correlation between them was calculated to determine the criteria that are not dependent on each other. The proposed hybrid approach is a good way to regression issues because these effective measures result to a more desirable output. R2 values for geographically weighted regression using the Gaussian kernel was 0.539 and also 0.684 was obtained using a triple-core cube. The results showed that the triple-core cube kernel is better for modeling the crash intensity.

Studies on shock interactions with moving cylinders using immersed boundary method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Kun; Luo, Yujuan; Jin, Tai; Fan, Jianren

2017-06-01

The process of shock interaction with a rigid cylinder is studied using a compressible immersed boundary method combined with a high-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme. Movement of the cylinder is coupled to the flow field. First, the accuracy of the numerical scheme is validated. Then the influences of the incident shock Mach number and the cylinder diameter are discussed. The results are compared with those from cases with stationary cylinders. It is found that variation of either the incident shock Mach number or the cylinder diameter can cause different schlieren images. At a given dimensionless time, the trajectory of the upper triple point varies nonmonotonically with the incident shock Mach number while the primary reflected shock gets closer to the cylinder with increasing incident shock Mach number. For any moving case with a given incident shock Mach number and cylinder diameter, the trajectory of the upper triple point, the time evolution of the normalized vertical distance from the highest point of the primary reflected shock to the centerline of the cylinder, and the time evolution of the normalized shock detachment distance can all be predicted by linear correlation. As for the time evolution of the force exerted on the cylinder, the peak of the moving cylinder appears earlier than the stationary one in dimensionless time, with much lower value. Correlations to predict the occurrence of the peak drag and its value under different shock Mach numbers and cylinder diameters are proposed. The resulting cylinder movement is also briefly discussed.

Short-range magnetic order, irreversibility and giant magnetoresistance near the triple points in the (x, T) magnetic phase diagram of ZrMn6Sn6-xGax

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazet, T.; Ihou-Mouko, H.; Marêché, J.-F.; Malaman, B.

2010-04-01

We have studied pseudo-layered ZrMn6Sn6-xGax intermetallics (0.55 ≤ x ≤ 0.81) using magnetic, magnetoresistivity and powder neutron diffraction measurements. All the alloys studied have magnetic ordering temperatures in the 450-490 K temperature range. They present complex temperature-dependent partially disordered magnetic structures whose ferromagnetic component develops upon increasing the Ga content. ZrMn6Sn6-xGax alloys with x ≤ 0.69 are essentially collinear antiferromagnets at high-temperature and adopt antifan-like arrangements at low temperature. For x ≥ 0.75, the alloys order ferromagnetically and evolve to a fan-like structure upon cooling. The intermediate compositions (x = 0.71 and 0.73) present a canted fan-like order at high temperature and another kind of antifan-like arrangement at low temperature. The degree of short-range order tends to increase upon approaching the intermediate compositions. The (x, T) phase diagram contains two triple points (x ~ 0.70; T ~ 460 K and x ~ 0.74; T ~ 455 K), where the paramagnetic, an incommensurate and a commensurate phases meet, which possess some of the features of Lifshitz point. Irreversibilities manifest in the low-temperature magnetization curves at the antifan-fan or fan-ferromagnetic boundaries as well as inside the fan region. Giant magnetoresistance is observed, even above room temperature.

Automated system for measuring temperature profiles inside ITS-90 fixed-point cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiti, Miha; Bojkovski, Jovan; Batagelj, Valentin; Drnovsek, Janko

2005-11-01

The defining fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) are temperature reference points for temperature calibration. The measured temperature inside the fixed-point cell depends on thermometer immersion, since measurements are made below the surface of the fixed-point material and the additional effect of the hydrostatic pressure has to be taken into account. Also, the heat flux along the thermometer stem can affect the measured temperature. The paper presents a system that enables accurate and reproducible immersion profile measurements for evaluation of measurement sensitivity and adequacy of thermometer immersion. It makes immersion profile measurements possible, where a great number of repetitions and long measurement periods are required, and reduces the workload on the user for performing such measurements. The system is flexible and portable and was developed for application to existing equipment in the laboratory. Results of immersion profile measurements in a triple point of water fixed-point cell are presented.

Multicritical points in the mixed ferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy with a single-ion anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobák, A.; Abubrig, F. O.; Balcerzak, T.

2003-12-01

The phase diagram of the ABpC1-p ternary alloy consisting of Ising spins SA=3/2, SB=1, and SC=5/2 in the presence of a single-ion anisotropy is investigated by the use of a mean-field theory based on the Bogoliubov inequality for the Gibbs free energy. To simulate the structure of the ternary metal Prussian blue analog such as (NiIIpMnII1-p)1.5[CrIII(CN)6]ṡzH2O, we assume that the A and X (either B or C) ions are alternately connected and the couplings between the A and X ions include both ferromagnetic (JAB>0) and antiferromagnetic (JAC<0) interactions. At the finite temperatures by changing values of the parameters of the model many different types of phase diagrams are obtained, including a variety of multicritical points such as tricritical points, fourth-order point, critical end points, isolated critical points, and triple points.

Columbia Glacier, Alaska, photogrammetry data set, 1981-82 and 1984-85

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krimmel, R.M.

1987-01-01

Photogrammetric processing of 12 sets of vertical aerial photography of the Columbia Glacier, Alaska, has measured the altitude and velocity fields of the lowest 14,000 m of the glacier during the periods of September 1981 to October 1982 and October 1984 to September 1985. The data set consists of the location of 3,604 points on the glacier, 1,161 points along the glacier terminus, and 1,116 points along the top of the terminus ice cliff. During the 1981 to 1985 period the terminus of the glacier receded 1,350 m, the ice near the terminus thinned at a rate of 18 m/year, and ice velocity near the terminus tripled, reaching as much as 6,000 m/year. (Author 's abstract)

Synthesis and monitored selection of nucleotide surrogates for binding T:A base pairs in homopurine-homopyrimidine DNA triple helices.

PubMed

Mokhir, A A; Connors, W H; Richert, C

2001-09-01

A total of 16 oligodeoxyribonucleotides of general sequence 5'-TCTTCTZTCTTTCT-3', where Z denotes an N-acyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine residue, were prepared via solid phase synthesis. The ability of these oligonucleotides to form triplexes with the duplex 5'-AGAAGATAGAAAGA-HEG-TCTTTCTATCTTCT-3', where HEG is a hexaethylene glycol linker, was tested. In these triplexes, an 'interrupting' T:A base pair faces the Z residue in the third strand. Among the acyl moieties of Z tested, an anthraquinone carboxylic acid residue linked via a glycinyl group gave the most stable triplex, whose UV melting point was 8.4 degrees C higher than that of the triplex with 5'-TCTTCTGTCTTTCT-3' as the third strand. The results from exploratory nuclease selection experiments suggest that a combinatorial search for strands capable of recognizing mixed sequences by triple helix formation is feasible.

Implementation of Push Recovery Strategy Using Triple Linear Inverted Pendulum Model in “T-FloW” Humanoid Robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimas Pristovani, R.; Raden Sanggar, D.; Dadet, Pramadihanto.

2018-04-01

Push recovery is one of humanbehaviorwhich is a strategy to defend the body from anexternal force in any environment. This paper describes push recovery strategy which usesMIMO decoupled control system method. The dynamics system uses aquasi-dynamic system based on triple linear inverted pendulum model (TLIPM). The analysis of TLIPMuses zero moment point (ZMP) calculation from ZMP simplification in last research. By using this simplification of dynamics system, the control design can be simplified into 3 serial SISOwith known and uncertain disturbance models in each inverted pendulum. Each pendulum has different plan to damp the external force effect. In this experiment, PID controller (closed- loop)is used to arrange the damp characteristic.The experiment result shows thatwhen using push recovery control strategy (closed-loop control) is about 85.71% whilewithout using push recovery control strategy (open-loop control) it is about 28.57%.

A test of an interactive model of binge eating among undergraduate men.

PubMed

Minnich, Allison M; Gordon, Kathryn H; Holm-Denoma, Jill M; Troop-Gordon, Wendy

2014-12-01

Past research has shown that a combination of high perfectionism, high body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem is predictive of binge eating in college women (Bardone-Cone et al., 2006). In the current study, we examined whether this triple interaction model is applicable to men. Male undergraduate college students from a large Midwestern university (n=302) completed self-report measures online at two different time points, a minimum of eight weeks apart. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between the three risk factors, such that high perfectionism, high body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem at Time 1 were associated with higher levels of Time 2 binge eating symptoms. The triple interaction model did not predict Time 2 anxiety or depressive symptoms, which suggests model specificity. These findings offer a greater understanding of the interactive nature of risk factors in predicting binge eating symptoms among men. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tectonic history of the north portion of the San Andreas fault system, California, inferred from gravity and magnetic anomalies

USGS Publications Warehouse

Griscom, A.; Jachens, R.C.

1989-01-01

Geologic and geophysical data for the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco suggest that the eastern boundary of the Pacific plate migrated eastward from its presumed original position at the base of the continental slope to its present position along the San Andreas transform fault by means of a series of eastward jumps of the Mendocino triple junction. These eastward jumps total a distance of about 150 km since 29 Ma. Correlation of right-laterally displaced gravity and magnetic anomalies that now have components at San Francisco and on the shelf north of Point Arena indicates that the presently active strand of the San Andreas fault north of the San Francisco peninsula formed recently at about 5 Ma when the triple junction jumped eastward a minimum of 100 km to its present location at the north end of the San Andreas fault. -from Authors

The mechanism of addition to a CN triple bond. An ab initio study of the first stages of the Stephen, Gatterman and Houben-Hoesch reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alagona, Giuliano; Tomasi, Jacopo

The mechanism of addition of HCl to the triple bond of RCN (R=H, CH,) is studied by means of ab initio SCF and CI calculations. Geometries and energies of minima (initial H-bonded complexes, products) and saddle points (transition state) are completed by a determination of the intrinsic reaction coordinate and of a relatively large portion of the energy hypersurface. The evolution of the electronic structure along the reaction coordinate is interpreted using localized orbitals. Particular attention is paid to the effect of chemical substitution, for which a new test, based on the electrostatic forces acting on nuclei along the reaction coordinate, has been employed. CI calculations performed over canonical and localized orbitals are compared to determine whether the latter formulation is more convenient for non-equilibrium geometries.

Evaluation of the Triple Code Model of numerical processing-Reviewing past neuroimaging and clinical findings.

PubMed

Siemann, Julia; Petermann, Franz

2018-01-01

This review reconciles past findings on numerical processing with key assumptions of the most predominant model of arithmetic in the literature, the Triple Code Model (TCM). This is implemented by reporting diverse findings in the literature ranging from behavioral studies on basic arithmetic operations over neuroimaging studies on numerical processing to developmental studies concerned with arithmetic acquisition, with a special focus on developmental dyscalculia (DD). We evaluate whether these studies corroborate the model and discuss possible reasons for contradictory findings. A separate section is dedicated to the transfer of TCM to arithmetic development and to alternative accounts focusing on developmental questions of numerical processing. We conclude with recommendations for future directions of arithmetic research, raising questions that require answers in models of healthy as well as abnormal mathematical development. This review assesses the leading model in the field of arithmetic processing (Triple Code Model) by presenting knowledge from interdisciplinary research. It assesses the observed contradictory findings and integrates the resulting opposing viewpoints. The focus is on the development of arithmetic expertise as well as abnormal mathematical development. The original aspect of this article is that it points to a gap in research on these topics and provides possible solutions for future models. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The impoverished gut—a triple burden of diarrhoea, stunting and chronic disease

PubMed Central

Guerrant, Richard L.; DeBoer, Mark D.; Moore, Sean R.; Scharf, Rebecca J.; Lima, Aldo A. M.

2013-01-01

More than one-fifth of the world’s population live in extreme poverty, where a lack of safe water and adequate sanitation enables high rates of enteric infections and diarrhoea to continue unabated. Although oral rehydration therapy has greatly reduced diarrhoea-associated mortality, enteric infections still persist, disrupting intestinal absorptive and barrier functions and resulting in up to 43% of stunted growth, affecting one-fifth of children worldwide and one-third of children in developing countries. Diarrhoea in children from impoverished areas during their first 2 years might cause, on average, an 8 cm growth shortfall and 10 IQ point decrement by the time they are 7–9 years old. A child’s height at their second birthday is therefore the best predictor of cognitive development or ‘human capital’. To this ‘double burden’ of diarrhoea and malnutrition, data now suggest that children with stunted growth and repeated gut infections are also at increased risk of developing obesity and its associated comorbidities, resulting in a ‘triple burden’ of the impoverished gut. Here, we Review the growing evidence for this triple burden and potential mechanisms and interventions that must be understood and applied to prevent the loss of human potential and unaffordable societal costs caused by these vicious cycles of poverty. PMID:23229327

Investigation Results on Solar Array Thermal & Electrical Imbalance Phenomenon on Power Systems Equipped with MPPT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mercier, F.; Samaniego, B.; Soriano, T.; Beaufils, G.; Fernandez Lisbona, E.; Dettlaff, K.; Jensen, H.

2014-08-01

The thermal / electrical imbalance phenomenon on the satellite solar arrays is a common issue inherent to the negative thermal voltage coefficient of the triple junction cells, which is usually already taken into account with basic precautions on the solar panel layout.In the frame of the ESA TRP study "Investigation on Solar Array thermal and electrical imbalance phenomenon on power systems equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT)" performed by Airbus Defence & Space (former Astrium Toulouse and Ottobrunn) and TERMA, in-depth analyses were conducted for the first time to better understand and characterize the secondary maximum power point phenomenon for various representative mission cases, whether in Earth vicinity or not. With the help of a newly developed detailed thermo-electrical coupled solver and a wide range of solar cell characterizations in flux and temperature, multiple sets of simulations were run to simulate realistic solar panel characteristics.The study showed that no secondary false maximum power point can be created on the solar panel characteristic IV curve for missions around Earth vicinity, at the sole exception of critical shadowing cases. Furthermore, the same conclusions apply for missions up to Mars orbit. The only potential threats come from the missions further than Mars (typically Jupiter missions) where various very high heterogeneities could lead to multiple maxima. This is deeply linked to the LILT (low illumination low temperature) conditions applied to the current solar cell triple junction characteristics and shape. Moreover, thermo-electrical imbalances that do not create secondary power point can still seriously grieve the solar array power output performances. This power loss can however be accurately assessed by the newly developed solver in support of in-development missions like Juice.

A Model for Hydrogen Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity Including the Critical Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, Howard A.; Tunc, Gokturk; Bayazitoglu, Yildiz

2001-01-01

In order to conduct a thermal analysis of heat transfer to liquid hydrogen near the critical point, an accurate understanding of the thermal transport properties is required. A review of the available literature on hydrogen transport properties identified a lack of useful equations to predict the thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid hydrogen. The tables published by the National Bureau of Standards were used to perform a series of curve fits to generate the needed correlation equations. These equations give the thermal conductivity and viscosity of hydrogen below 100 K. They agree with the published NBS tables, with less than a 1.5 percent error for temperatures below 100 K and pressures from the triple point to 1000 KPa. These equations also capture the divergence in the thermal conductivity at the critical point

Parametrization of the contribution of mono- and bidentate ligands on the symmetric C[triple bond]O stretching frequency of fac-[Re(CO)(3)](+) complexes.

PubMed

Zobi, Fabio

2009-11-16

A ligand parameter, IR(P)(L), is introduced in order to evaluate the effect that different monodentate and bidentate ligands have on the symmetric C[triple bond]O stretching frequency of octahedral d(6) fac-[Re(CO)(3)L(3)] complexes (L = mono- or bidentate ligand). The parameter is empirically derived by assuming that the electronic effect, or contribution, that any given ligand L will add to the fac-[ReCO(3)](+) core, in terms of the total observed energy of symmetric C[triple bond]O stretching frequency (nu(CO(obs))), is additive. The IR(P)(CO) (i.e., the IR(P) of carbon monoxide) is first defined as one-sixth that of the observed C[triple bond]O frequency (nu(CO(obs))) of [Re(CO)(6)](+). All subsequent IR(P)(L) parameters of fac-[Re(CO)(3)L(3)] complexes are derived from IR(P)(L) = (1)/(3)[nu(CO(obs)) - 3IR(P)(CO)]. The symmetric C[triple bond]O stretching frequency was selected for analysis by assuming that it alone describes the "average electronic environment" in the IR spectra of the complexes. The IR(P)(L) values for over 150 ligands are listed, and the validity of the model is tested against other octahedral d(6) fac-[M(CO)(3)L(3)] complexes (M = Mn, (99)Tc, and Ru) and cis-[Re(CO)(2)L(4)](+) species and by calculations at the density functional level of theory. The predicted symmetric C[triple bond]O stretching frequency (nu(CO(cal))) is given by nu(CO(cal)) = S(R)[ sum IR(P)(L)] + I(R), where S(R) and I(R) are constants that depend upon the metal, its oxidation state, and the number of CO ligands in its primary coordination sphere. A linear relationship between IR(P) values and the well-established ligand electrochemical parameter E(L) is found. From a purely thermodynamic point of view, it is suggested that ligands with high IR(P)(L) values should weaken the M-CO bond to a greater extent than ligands with low IR(P)(L) values. The significance of the results and the limitations of the model are discussed.

Has Democracy Destabilized East Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

handled the Fukushima triple disaster any better, Krauss makes an important point about the DPJ Prime Minister Hatoyama’s stance on the Marine Corps...attack, involved a domestic emergency. The nuclear disaster and tsunami were significant events that weighed on people’s minds, but it was the multitude...in the minds of Japanese voters, the administration’s reaction to the nuclear disaster and tsunami could be put under a broad “crisis management

Grain boundary, triple junction and quadruple point mobility controlled normal grain growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rios, P. R.; Glicksman, M. E.

2015-07-01

Reduction in stored free energy provides the thermodynamic driving force for grain and bubble growth in polycrystals and foams. Evolution of polycrystalline networks exhibit the additional complication that grain growth may be controlled by several kinetic mechanisms through which the decrease in network energy occurs. Polyhedral boundaries, triple junctions (TJs), and quadruple points (QPs) are the geometrically distinct elements of three dimensional networks that follow Plateau's rules, provided that grain growth is limited by diffusion through, and motion of, cell boundaries. Shvindlerman and co-workers have long recognized the kinetic influences on polycrystalline grain growth of network TJs and QPs. Moreover, the emergence of interesting polycrystalline nanomaterials underscored that TJs can indeed influence grain growth kinetics. Currently there exist few detailed studies concerned either with network distributions of grain size, number of faces per grain, or with 'grain trajectories', when grain growth is limited by the motion of its TJs or QPs. By contrast there exist abundant studies of classical grain growth limited by boundary mobility. This study is focused on a topological/geometrical representation of polycrystals to obtain statistical predictions of the grain size and face number distributions, as well as growth 'trajectories' during steady-state grain growth. Three limits to grain growth are considered, with grain growth kinetics controlled by boundary, TJ, and QP mobilities.

Uhlenbeck-Ford model: Phase diagram and corresponding-states analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paula Leite, Rodolfo; Santos-Flórez, Pedro Antonio; de Koning, Maurice

2017-09-01

Using molecular dynamics simulations and nonequilibrium thermodynamic-integration techniques we compute the Helmholtz free energies of the body-centered-cubic (bcc), face-centered-cubic (fcc), hexagonal close-packed, and fluid phases of the Uhlenbeck-Ford model (UFM) and use the results to construct its phase diagram. The pair interaction associated with the UFM is characterized by an ultrasoft, purely repulsive pair potential that diverges logarithmically at the origin. We find that the bcc and fcc are the only thermodynamically stable crystalline phases in the phase diagram. Furthermore, we report the existence of two reentrant transition sequences as a function of the number density, one featuring a fluid-bcc-fluid succession and another displaying a bcc-fcc-bcc sequence near the triple point. We find strong resemblances to the phase behavior of other soft, purely repulsive systems such as the Gaussian-core model (GCM), inverse-power-law, and Yukawa potentials. In particular, we find that the fcc-bcc-fluid triple point and the phase boundaries in its vicinity are in good agreement with the prediction supplied by a recently proposed corresponding-states principle [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 241101 (2011), 10.1063/1.3605659; Europhys. Lett. 100, 66004 (2012), 10.1209/0295-5075/100/66004]. The particularly strong resemblance between the behavior of the UFM and GCM models are also discussed.

A new ab initio potential energy surface for the collisional excitation of HCN by para- and ortho-H2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denis-Alpizar, Otoniel; Kalugina, Yulia; Stoecklin, Thierry; Vera, Mario Hernández; Lique, François

2013-12-01

We present a new four-dimensional potential energy surface for the collisional excitation of HCN by H2. Ab initio calculations of the HCN-H2 van der Waals complex, considering both molecules as rigid rotors, were carried out at the explicitly correlated coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)-F12a] level of theory using an augmented correlation-consistent triple zeta (aVTZ) basis set. The equilibrium structure is linear HCN-H2 with the nitrogen pointing towards H2 at an intermolecular separation of 7.20 a0. The corresponding well depth is -195.20 cm-1. A secondary minimum of -183.59 cm-1 was found for a T-shape configuration with the H of HCN pointing to the center of mass of H2. We also determine the rovibrational energy levels of the HCN-para-H2 and HCN-ortho-H2 complexes. The calculated dissociation energies for the para and ortho complexes are 37.79 cm-1 and 60.26 cm-1, respectively. The calculated ro-vibrational transitions in the HCN-H2 complex are found to agree by more than 0.5% with the available experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the potential energy surface.

Final report on APMP.T-K7 key comparison of water triple point cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, S. F.; White, R.; Tamba, J.; Yamazawa, K.; Ho, M. K.; Tsui, C. M.; Zaid, G.; Achmadi, A.; Gam, K. S.; Othman, H.; Ali, N. M.; Yuan, K. H.; Shaochun, Y.; Liedberg, H.; Yaokulbodee, C.

2016-01-01

APMP.T-K7, was held from February 2008 to September 2009 to compare the national realizations of the water triple point among eleven NMIs. To reach the objective, each participating laboratory sent a transfer cell to CMS and stated a value for the temperature difference of the transfer cell, relative to the corresponding national standard, representing 273.16 K. CMS (Taiwan) organized the comparison, with the support from co-pilot institutes MSL (New Zealand) and NMIJ (Japan). The other eight participating laboratories included NMIA, SCL, KIM-LIPI, KRISS, NMIM/SIRIM, NMC, NMISA, and NIMT. This report presents the results of the TPW comparison, gives detailed information about the measurements made at the CMS and at the participating laboratories, and aims to link the results of APMP.T-K7 to CCT-K7. The results of this key comparison are also represented in the form of degrees of equivalence for the purposes of the MRA. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Direct evaluation of influence of electron damage on the subcell performance in triple-junction solar cells using photoluminescence decays.

PubMed

Tex, David M; Nakamura, Tetsuya; Imaizumi, Mitsuru; Ohshima, Takeshi; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko

2017-05-16

Tandem solar cells are suited for space applications due to their high performance, but also have to be designed in such a way to minimize influence of degradation by the high energy particle flux in space. The analysis of the subcell performance is crucial to understand the device physics and achieve optimized designs of tandem solar cells. Here, the radiation-induced damage of inverted grown InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs triple-junction solar cells for various electron fluences are characterized using conventional current-voltage (I-V) measurements and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The conversion efficiencies of the entire device before and after damage are measured with I-V curves and compared with the efficiencies predicted from the time-resolved method. Using the time-resolved data the change in the carrier dynamics in the subcells can be discussed. Our optical method allows to predict the absolute electrical conversion efficiency of the device with an accuracy of better than 5%. While both InGaP and GaAs subcells suffered from significant material degradation, the performance loss of the total device can be completely ascribed to the damage in the GaAs subcell. This points out the importance of high internal electric fields at the operating point.

The metal-insulator triple point in vanadium dioxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobden, David

2014-03-01

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide is a candidate for optical and electrical switching applications. However, being a first-order solid-state phase transition makes it challenging to study reproducibly in any detail. The combination of the change in unit cell shape, symmetry reduction, long range of elastic distortion, and latent heat leads to domain structure, hysteresis, and cracking of even the highest quality samples. At the MIT two stable insulating phases (M1 and M2) occur in addition to the metallic phase (R), but their phase stability diagram was poorly known. To establish it precisely we studied single-crystal nanobeams of VO2 in a purpose-built nanomechanical strain apparatus. We were able to measure the transition temperature accurately to be 65.0 +- 0.1 oC, to determine the phase boundary slopes, and to detect the intermediate metastable triclinic (T) phase where it is metastable towards M2. We were surprised to find that the transition occurs precisely at the solid-state triple point of the metallic and two insulating phases, a fact that is not explained by existing theories. See J.H. Park et al, Nature 500, 431-4 (August 2013), doi:10.1038/nature12425. Supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, award DE-SC0002197.

A Ratiometric Method for Johnson Noise Thermometry Using a Quantized Voltage Noise Source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, S. W.; Benz, S. P.; Martinis, J. M.; Dresselhaus, P.; Tew, W. L.; White, D. R.

2003-09-01

Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) involves the measurement of the statistical variance of a fluctuating voltage across a resistor in thermal equilibrium. Modern digital techniques make it now possible to perform many functions required for JNT in highly efficient and predictable ways. We describe the operational characteristics of a prototype JNT system which uses digital signal processing for filtering, real-time spectral cross-correlation for noise power measurement, and a digitally synthesized Quantized Voltage Noise Source (QVNS) as an AC voltage reference. The QVNS emulates noise with a constant spectral density that is stable, programmable, and calculable in terms of known parameters using digital synthesis techniques. Changes in analog gain are accounted for by alternating the inputs between the Johnson noise sensor and the QVNS. The Johnson noise power at a known temperature is first balanced with a synthesized noise power from the QVNS. The process is then repeated by balancing the noise power from the same resistor at an unknown temperature. When the two noise power ratios are combined, a thermodynamic temperature is derived using the ratio of the two QVNS spectral densities. We present preliminary results where the ratio between the gallium triple point and the water triple point is used to demonstrate the accuracy of the measurement system with a standard uncertainty of 0.04 %.

Multicenter phase II study of apatinib in non-triple-negative metastatic breast cancer.

PubMed

Hu, Xichun; Cao, Jun; Hu, Wenwei; Wu, Changping; Pan, Yueyin; Cai, Li; Tong, Zhongsheng; Wang, Shusen; Li, Jin; Wang, Zhonghua; Wang, Biyun; Chen, Xiaoyu; Yu, Hao

2014-11-07

Apatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2). This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with non-triple-negative metastatic breast cancer who had received prior chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. This multicenter, open-label, single arm study enrolled patients with non-triple-negative breast cancer, pretreated with anthracycline, taxanes and capecitabine, and who failed in the metastatic setting at least 1 and at most 4 prior chemotherapy regimens and at least one endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive patients as well as at least one anti-Her2 drug for Her2-positive patients. The primary end point of this study was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Apatinib was administered as 500 mg daily on days 1 through 28 of each 4-week cycle. 38 patients were enrolled with a median age of 49 years (range, 35 to 62 years) and received apatinib for a median of 4 cycles (range from 0 to 10 cycles). 18 (47.4%) patients experienced dose reduction during treatment. The median relative dose intensity (relative to assigned dose for each cycle) was 82% (range, 45.0% to 100.0%). Median follow-up time was 10.1 months. Median PFS of all 38 patients was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8 m - 5.2 m). 36 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. ORR was 16.7% (6/36). DCR was 66.7% (24/36). Median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI, 9.1 m - 11.6 m). The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs were hypertension (20.5%), hand-foot syndrome (10.3%), and proteinuria (5.1%). Of three possibly drug-related SAEs recorded in the study, 2 (3.4%) deaths occurred within 28 days of last treatment and were both considered to be the result of disease progression. The other one was grade 2 diarrhea needing hospitalization. Apatinib exhibited objective efficacy in heavily pretreated, metastatic non-triple-negative breast cancer with manageable toxicity, and it might be better to be tested in breast cancer with high angiogenesis dependency. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01653561.

Dynamic phase transitions of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model under an oscillating external magnetic field by the path probability method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ertaş, Mehmet; Keskin, Mustafa

2015-03-01

By using the path probability method (PPM) with point distribution, we study the dynamic phase transitions (DPTs) in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model under an oscillating external magnetic field. The phases in the model are obtained by solving the dynamic equations for the average order parameters and a disordered phase, ordered phase and four mixed phases are found. We also investigate the thermal behavior of the dynamic order parameters to analyze the nature dynamic transitions as well as to obtain the DPT temperatures. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented in three different planes in which exhibit the dynamic tricritical point, double critical end point, critical end point, quadrupole point, triple point as well as the reentrant behavior, strongly depending on the values of the system parameters. We compare and discuss the dynamic phase diagrams with dynamic phase diagrams that were obtained within the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics based on the mean-field theory.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome mutations in type III collagen differently stall the triple helical folding.

PubMed

Mizuno, Kazunori; Boudko, Sergei; Engel, Jürgen; Bächinger, Hans Peter

2013-06-28

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is the most severe form of EDS. In many cases the disease is caused by a point mutation of Gly in type III collagen. A slower folding of the collagen helix is a potential cause for over-modifications. However, little is known about the rate of folding of type III collagen in patients with EDS. To understand the molecular mechanism of the effect of mutations, a system was developed for bacterial production of homotrimeric model polypeptides. The C-terminal quarter, 252 residues, of the natural human type III collagen was attached to (GPP)7 with the type XIX collagen trimerization domain (NC2). The natural collagen domain forms a triple helical structure without 4-hydroxylation of proline at a low temperature. At 33 °C, the natural collagenous part is denatured, but the C-terminal (GPP)7-NC2 remains intact. Switching to a low temperature triggers the folding of the type III collagen domain in a zipper-like fashion that resembles the natural process. We used this system for the two known EDS mutations (Gly-to-Val) in the middle at Gly-910 and at the C terminus at Gly-1018. In addition, wild-type and Gly-to-Ala mutants were made. The mutations significantly slow down the overall rate of triple helix formation. The effect of the Gly-to-Val mutation is much more severe compared with Gly-to-Ala. This is the first report on the folding of collagen with EDS mutations, which demonstrates local delays in the triple helix propagation around the mutated residue.

Can a double stranded DNA be unzipped by pulling a single strand?: phases of adsorbed DNA.

PubMed

Kapri, Rajeev

2009-04-14

We study the unzipping of a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by applying an external force on a single strand while leaving the other strand free. We find that the dsDNA can be unzipped to two single strands if the external force exceeds a critical value. We obtain the phase diagram, which is found to be different from the phase diagram of unzipping by pulling both the strands in opposite directions. In the presence of an attractive surface near DNA, the phase diagram gets modified drastically and shows richer surprises including a critical end point and a triple point.

Mixed-order phase transition in a minimal, diffusion-based spin model.

PubMed

Fronczak, Agata; Fronczak, Piotr

2016-07-01

In this paper we exactly solve, within the grand canonical ensemble, a minimal spin model with the hybrid phase transition. We call the model diffusion based because its Hamiltonian can be recovered from a simple dynamic procedure, which can be seen as an equilibrium statistical mechanics representation of a biased random walk. We outline the derivation of the phase diagram of the model, in which the triple point has the hallmarks of the hybrid transition: discontinuity in the average magnetization and algebraically diverging susceptibilities. At this point, two second-order transition curves meet in equilibrium with the first-order curve, resulting in a prototypical mixed-order behavior.

The free electron gas primary thermometer using an ordinary bipolar junction transistor approaches ppm accuracy.

PubMed

Mimila-Arroyo, J

2017-06-01

In this paper, it is demonstrated that the free electron gas primary thermometer based on a bipolar junction transistor is able to provide the temperature with an accuracy of a few parts per million. Its simple functioning principle exploits the behavior of the collector current when properly biased to extract the temperature. Using general purpose silicon transistors at the water triple point (273.16 K) and gallium melting point (302.9146), an accuracy of a few parts per million has been reached, constituting the simplest and the easiest to operate primary thermometer, that might be considered even for the redefinition of Kelvin.

The free electron gas primary thermometer using an ordinary bipolar junction transistor approaches ppm accuracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mimila-Arroyo, J.

2017-06-01

In this paper, it is demonstrated that the free electron gas primary thermometer based on a bipolar junction transistor is able to provide the temperature with an accuracy of a few parts per million. Its simple functioning principle exploits the behavior of the collector current when properly biased to extract the temperature. Using general purpose silicon transistors at the water triple point (273.16 K) and gallium melting point (302.9146), an accuracy of a few parts per million has been reached, constituting the simplest and the easiest to operate primary thermometer, that might be considered even for the redefinition of Kelvin.

Triple point fcc-hcp-liquid in the Fe phase diagram determined by in-situ XANES diagnostic and post-mortem XRD and FIB-SEM analysis.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morard, G.; Boccato, S.; Rosa, A. D.; Anzellini, S.; Miozzi Ferrini, F.; Laura, H.; Garbarino, G.; Harmand, M.; Guyot, F. J.; Boulard, E.; Kantor, I.; Irifune, T.; Torchio, R.

2017-12-01

Iron is the main constituent of planetary cores. Studying its phase diagram under high pressure is necessary to constrain properties of planetary interiors, and to model key parameters such as the generation of magnetic field. Though, strong controversy on the melting curve of pure Fe still remains. Recently, Aquilanti et al, (PNAS, 2015) reported a Fe melting curved based on XANES measurements which is in open disagreement with previous X-ray diffraction results (Anzellini et al, Science, 2013). Discrepancies in the melting temperature exceed several hundred degrees close to Mbar pressures, which may be related to differences in temperature measurement techniques, melting diagnostics, or to chemical reactions of the sample with the surrounding medium. We therefore performed new in situ high P/T XANES experiments on pure Fe (up to 115 GPa and 4000 K) at the ESRF beamline ID24, combining the energy dispersive absorption set up with laser heated diamond anvil cells. X-ray diffraction maps were collected from all recovered samples in order to identify and characterize laser-heated spots. The XANES melting criterion was further cross checked by analyzing the recovered sample textures using FIB cutting techniques and SEM imaging. We found systematically that low melting temperatures are related to the presence of Fe3C, implying that in those cases chemical reactions occurred during heating resulting in carbon contamination from the diamonds. These low melting points fall onto the melting line reported by Aquilanti et al, (2015). Uncontaminated points are in agreement with the melting curve of Anzellini et al, (2013) within their uncertainties. Moreover, this data set allowed us to refine the location of the triple point in the Fe phase diagram at 105 (±10) GPa and 3600 (±200) K, which may imply a small kink in the melting curve around this point. This refined Fe phase diagram could be then used to compute thermodynamic models for planetary cores.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mori, Koichiro, E-mail: kmori@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Christodoulou, Aris, E-mail: aris.christodoulou@ucl.ac.uk

The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual requirements for a City Sustainability Index (CSI) and to review existing major sustainability indices/indicators in terms of the requirements. The following indices are reviewed: Ecological Footprint (EF), Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI), Dashboard of Sustainability (DS), Welfare Index, Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare, City Development Index, emergy/exergy, Human Development Index (HDI), Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI), Environmental Policy Index (EPI), Living Planet Index (LPI), Environmentally-adjusted Domestic Product (EDP), Genuine Saving (GS), and some applications of composite indices or/and multivariate indicators to local or regional context as case studies. Themore » key conceptual requirements for an adequate CSI are: (i) to consider environmental, economic and social aspects (the triple bottom line of sustainability) from the viewpoint of strong sustainability; (ii) to capture external impacts (leakage effects) of city on other areas beyond the city boundaries particularly in terms of environmental aspects; (iii) to create indices/indicators originally for the purpose of assessing city sustainability; and (iv) to be able to assess world cities in both developed and developing countries using common axes of evaluation. Based on the review, we conclude that it is necessary to create a new CSI that enables us to assess and compare cities' sustainability performance in order to understand the global impact of cities on the environment and human life as compared with their economic contribution. In the future, the CSI will be able to provide local authorities with guidance toward sustainable paths. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We derive the four key requirements for a new City Sustainability Index (CSI) system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer First, the triple bottom line must be considered in terms of strong sustainability. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Second, environmental leakage effects beyond city boundaries should be captured. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Third, 'city sustainability' should be originally considered when CSI is created. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fourth, cities in developed and developing countries can be evaluated without bias.« less

A Study of Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel in Combination With Bavituximab in Early- Stage Triple- Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-03-08

Breast Cancer; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Triple-Negative Breast Neoplasm; Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Triple Negative Breast Cancer; ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Neoplasms; ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Multiple reentrant phase transitions and triple points in Lovelock thermodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frassino, Antonia M.; Kubizňák, David; Mann, Robert B.; Simovic, Fil

2014-09-01

We investigate the effects of higher curvature corrections from Lovelock gravity on the phase structure of asymptotically AdS black holes, treating the cosmological constant as a thermodynamic pressure. We examine how various thermodynamic phenomena, such as Van der Waals behaviour, reentrant phase transitions (RPT), and tricritical points are manifest for U(1) charged black holes in Gauss-Bonnet and 3rd-order Lovelock gravities. We furthermore observe a new phenomenon of `multiple RPT' behaviour, in which for fixed pressure the small/large/small/large black hole phase transition occurs as the temperature of the system increases. We also find that when the higher-order Lovelock couplings are related in a particular way, a peculiar isolated critical point emerges for hyperbolic black holes and is characterized by non-standard critical exponents.

Subfactors of Index Less Than 5, Part 3: Quadruple Points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izumi, Masaki; Jones, Vaughan F. R.; Morrison, Scott; Snyder, Noah

2012-12-01

One major obstacle in extending the classification of small index subfactors beyond {3 +sqrt{3}} is the appearance of infinite families of candidate principal graphs with 4-valent vertices (in particular, the "weeds" {{Q}} and {{Q}'} from Part 1 (Morrison and Snyder in Commun. Math. Phys., doi: 10.1007/s00220-012-1426-y, 2012). Thus instead of using triple point obstructions to eliminate candidate graphs, we need to develop new quadruple point obstructions. In this paper we prove two quadruple point obstructions. The first uses quadratic tangles techniques and eliminates the weed {{Q}'} immediately. The second uses connections, and when combined with an additional number theoretic argument it eliminates both weeds {{Q}} and {{Q}'} . Finally, we prove the uniqueness (up to taking duals) of the 3311 Goodman-de la Harpe-Jones subfactor using a combination of planar algebra techniques and connections.

Comparison of Fixed Point Realisations between Inmetro and PTB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santiago, J. F. N.; Petkovic, S. G.; Teixeira, R. N.; Noatsch, U.; Thiele-Krivoj, B.

2003-09-01

An interlaboratory comparison in the temperature range between -190 °C and 420 °C was organised between the National Institute of Quality, Normalisation and Industrial Quality (Inmetro), Brazil, and the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany. This comparison followed the same protocol as the EUROMET project 552 comparison and was carried out in the years 2001-2002. A standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) of 25 Ω was calibrated at the temperature fixed points of Ar, Hg, the triple point of water (TWP), Ga, In, Sn and Zn, with at least three realisations of each fixed point at both institutes. The uncertainty evaluation is given by Inmetro and some differences in the calibration procedures or in the measuring instruments used are described. The agreement between the results of laboratories was not in all cases within the combined uncertainties. Results of other comparisons are presented, which give additional information on the equivalence of the realised temperature scales.

Erratum to: An Analysis of Training, Generalization, and Maintenance Effects of Primary Care Triple P for Parents of Preschool-Aged Children with Disruptive Behavior.

PubMed

Boyle, Cynthia L; Sanders, Matthew R; Lutzker, John R; Prinz, Ronald J; Shapiro, Cheri; Whitaker, Daniel J

2015-10-01

The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is owned by the University of Queensland (UQ). The University through its main technology transfer company UniQuest Pty Limited has licensed Triple P International Pty Ltd to disseminate the program worldwide. Royalties stemming from this dissemination activity are distributed to the Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, UQ; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences at UQ; and contributory authors. No author has any share or ownership in Triple P International Pty Ltd. Matthew Sanders is the founder and an author on various Triple P programs and a consultant to Triple P International. Karen Turner is an author of various Triple P programs. Ronald Prinz is a consultant to Triple P International. Cheri Shapiro is a consultant to Triple P America.

Examining Primary Healthcare Performance through a Triple Aim Lens.

PubMed

Ryan, Bridget L; Brown, Judith Belle; Glazier, Richard H; Hutchison, Brian

2016-02-01

This study sought to apply a Triple Aim framework to the measurement and evaluation of primary healthcare (PHC) team performance. Triple Aim components were populated with 10 dimensions derived from survey and health administrative data for 17 Family Health Teams (FHTs) in Ontario, Canada. Bivariate analyses and rankings of sites examined the relationships among dimensions and among Triple Aim components. Readily available measures to fully populate the Triple Aim framework were lacking in FHTs. Within sites, there was little consistency in performance across the Triple Aim components (health, patient experience and cost). More and better measures are needed that can be readily used to examine the Triple Aim performance in PHC teams. FHTs, in this study, are partially achieving Triple Aim goals; however, there was a lack of consistency in performance. It is essential to collect appropriate measures and attend to performance across all components of the Triple Aim. Copyright © 2016 Longwoods Publishing.

Examining Primary Healthcare Performance through a Triple Aim Lens

PubMed Central

Ryan, Bridget L.; Brown, Judith Belle; Glazier, Richard H.; Hutchison, Brian

2016-01-01

Purpose: This study sought to apply a Triple Aim framework to the measurement and evaluation of primary healthcare (PHC) team performance. Methods: Triple Aim components were populated with 10 dimensions derived from survey and health administrative data for 17 Family Health Teams (FHTs) in Ontario, Canada. Bivariate analyses and rankings of sites examined the relationships among dimensions and among Triple Aim components. Results: Readily available measures to fully populate the Triple Aim framework were lacking in FHTs. Within sites, there was little consistency in performance across the Triple Aim components (health, patient experience and cost). Conclusions: More and better measures are needed that can be readily used to examine the Triple Aim performance in PHC teams. FHTs, in this study, are partially achieving Triple Aim goals; however, there was a lack of consistency in performance. It is essential to collect appropriate measures and attend to performance across all components of the Triple Aim. PMID:27027790

A survey and new measurements of ice vapor pressure at temperatures between 170 and 250K

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marti, James; Mauersberger, Konrad

1993-01-01

New measurements of ice vapor pressures at temperatures between 170 and 250 K are presented and published vapor pressure data are summarized. An empirical vapor pressure equation was derived and allows prediction of vapor pressures between 170 k and the triple point of water with an accuracy of approximately 2 percent. Predictions obtained agree, within experimental uncertainty, with the most reliable equation derived from thermodynamic principles.

Structure of polarization singularities of a light beam at triple frequency generated in isotropic medium by singularly polarized beam.

PubMed

Grigoriev, K S; Ryzhikov, P S; Cherepetskaya, E B; Makarov, V A

2017-10-16

The components of electric field of the third harmonic beam, generated in isotropic medium with cubic nonlinearity by a monochromatic light beam carrying polarization singularity of an arbitrary type, are found analytically. The relation between C-points characteristics in the fundamental and signal beams are determined, as well as the impact of the phase mismatch on the shape of the C-lines.

Surface Structure of Liquid Li and Na: An ab initio Molecular Dynamics Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, D. J.; González, L. E.; Stott, M. J.

2004-02-01

Molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid-vapor interfaces of liquid metals have been performed using first principles methods. Results are presented for liquid lithium and sodium near their respective triple points, for samples of 2000 particles in a slab geometry. The atomic density profiles show a pronounced stratification extending several atomic diameters into the bulk, which is similar to that already experimentally observed in liquid K, Ga, In, and Hg.

Determination of Graphite-Liquid-Vapor Triple Point by Laser Heating

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-01-30

difficulties in the temperature measure- ments, which were made with an optical pyrometer . He considered that the failure of graphite rod was caused by...temperature measurements were made with a calibrated optical pyrometer . Spherical shiny frozen droplets of graphite, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, indicated...0.8 mm in diameter and 10 mm long in argon until failure by rupture occurred. They measured the tempera- ture with a two-color pyrometer . The

Anemia and Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Breastfed Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study

PubMed Central

Odhiambo, Collins; Zeh, Clement; Ondoa, Pascale; Omolo, Paul; Akoth, Benta; Lwamba, Humphrey; Lando, Richard; Williamson, John; Otieno, Juliana; Masaba, Rose; Weidle, Paul; Thomas, Timothy

2015-01-01

Background Anemia results in increased morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need to better understand its pathophysiology amongst HIV-exposed and infected children in sub-Saharan Africa, the region where most infant HIV exposure and infections occur. Methods This analysis used samples obtained from children in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (KiBS). KiBS was a longitudinal phase IIB, open-label, one-arm clinical trial, designed to investigate the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of a maternal triple-antiretroviral (ARV) regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, during late pregnancy and early infancy while breastfeeding. Blood samples from 482 children were obtained at birth, 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks and 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Severity of anemia was graded using the NIH Division of AIDS (DAIDS) toxicity tables. We describe the proportion of children with anemia and anomalies in red blood cell parameters at various time points over 24 months and compare rates of anemia between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and by mothers’ ARV regimen and infant malaria infection. Results The proportion of children with anemia significantly increased after the breastfeeding period in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children with higher proportion among HIV-infected children compared to HIV-uninfected children (RR: 1.72; CI: 1.22–2.44, p = 0.002). Maternal triple-antiretroviral regimen was not associated with infant anemia (p = 0.11). There was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin between HIV-uninfected children with and without malaria at each time point except at 24 months. Conclusion A relatively lower proportion of children with severe anemia during the breastfeeding period suggest that exposure to mother’s triple antiretroviral combinations through breast milk, posed minimal risk of hematologic toxicity. PMID:26529316

Associations of Pd, U and Ag in the SiC layer of neutron-irradiated TRISO fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lillo, Thomas; Rooyen, Isabella Van

2015-05-01

Knowledge of the associations and composition of fission products in the neutron irradiated SiC layer of high-temperature gas reactor TRISO fuel is important to the understanding of various aspects of fuel performance that presently are not well understood. Recently, advanced characterization techniques have been used to examine fuel particles from the Idaho National Laboratory’s AGR-1 experiment. Nano-sized Ag and Pd precipitates were previously identified in grain boundaries and triple points in the SiC layer of irradiated TRISO nuclear fuel. Continuation of this initial research is reported in this paper and consists of the characterization of a relatively large number ofmore » nano-sized precipitates in three areas of the SiC layer of a single irradiated TRISO nuclear fuel particle using standardless EDS analysis on focused ion beam-prepared transmission electron microscopy samples. Composition and distribution analyses of these precipitates, which were located on grain boundaries, triple junctions and intragranular precipitates, revealed low levels, generally <10 atomic %, of palladium, silver and/or uranium with palladium being the most common element found. Palladium by itself, or associated with either silver or uranium, was found throughout the SiC layer. A small number of precipitates on grain boundaries and triple junctions were found to contain only silver or silver in association with palladium while uranium was always associated with palladium but never found by itself or in association with silver. Intergranular precipitates containing uranium were found to have migrated ~23 μm along a radial direction through the 35 μm thick SiC coating during the AGR-1 experiment while silver-containing intergranular precipitates were found at depths up to ~24 μm in the SiC layer. Also, Pd-rich, nano-precipitates (~10 nm in diameter), without evidence for the presence of either Ag or U, were revealed in intragranular regions throughout the SiC layer. Because not all grain boundaries and triple junctions contained precipitates with fission products and/or uranium, along with the differences in migration behavior between Pd, Ag and U, it was concluded that crystallographic grain boundary and triple junction parameters likely influence migration behavior.« less

Hydrothermal Exploration at the Chile Triple Junction - ABE's last adventure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

German, C. R.; Shank, T. M.; Lilley, M. D.; Lupton, J. E.; Blackman, D. K.; Brown, K. M.; Baumberger, T.; Früh-Green, G.; Greene, R.; Saito, M. A.; Sylva, S.; Nakamura, K.; Stanway, J.; Yoerger, D. R.; Levin, L. A.; Thurber, A. R.; Sellanes, J.; Mella, M.; Muñoz, J.; Diaz-Naveas, J. L.; Inspire Science Team

2010-12-01

In February and March 2010 we conducted preliminary exploration for hydrothermal plume signals along the East Chile Rise where it intersects the continental margin at the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ). This work was conducted as one component of our larger NOAA-OE funded INSPIRE project (Investigation of South Pacific Reducing Environments) aboard RV Melville cruise MV 1003 (PI: Andrew Thurber, Scripps) with all shiptime funded through an award of the State of California to Andrew Thurber and his co-PI's. Additional support came from the Census of Marine Life (ChEss and CoMarge projects). At sea, we conducted a series of CTD-rosette and ABE autonomous underwater vehicle operations to prospect for and determine the nature of any seafloor venting at, or adjacent to, the point where the the East Chile Rise subducts beneath the continental margin. Evidence from in situ sensing (optical backscatter, Eh) and water column analyses of dissolved CH4, δ3He and TDFe/TDMn concentrations document the presence of two discrete sites of venting, one right at the triple junction and the other a further 10km along axis, north of the Triple Junction, but still within the southernmost segment of the East Chile Rise. From an intercomparison of the abundance of different chemical signals we can intercompare likely characteristics of these differet source sites and also differentiate between them and the high methane concentrations released from cold seep sites further north along the Chile Margin, both with the CTJ region and also at the Concepcion Methane Seep Area (CMSA). This multi-disciplinary and international collaboration - involving scientists from Chile, the USA, Europe and Japan - can serve as an excellent and exciting launchpoint for wide-ranging future investigations of the Chile Triple Junction area - the only place on Earth where an oceanic spreading center is being actively subducted beneath a continent and also the only place on Earth where all known forms of deep-sea chemically-reducing ecosystem (hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, oxygen minimum zones and large organic falls) have the potential to co-exist.

Asymmetric fluid criticality. I. Scaling with pressure mixing.

PubMed

Kim, Young C; Fisher, Michael E; Orkoulas, G

2003-06-01

The thermodynamic behavior of a fluid near a vapor-liquid and, hence, asymmetric critical point is discussed within a general "complete" scaling theory incorporating pressure mixing in the nonlinear scaling fields as well as corrections to scaling. This theory allows for a Yang-Yang anomaly in which mu(")(sigma)(T), the second temperature derivative of the chemical potential along the phase boundary, diverges like the specific heat when T-->T(c); it also generates a leading singular term, /t/(2beta), in the coexistence curve diameter, where t[triple bond](T-T(c))/T(c). The behavior of various special loci, such as the critical isochore, the critical isotherm, the k-inflection loci, on which chi((k))[triple bond]chi(rho,T)/rho(k) (with chi=rho(2)k(B)TK(T)) and C((k))(V)[triple bond]C(V)(rho,T)/rho(k) are maximal at fixed T, is carefully elucidated. These results are useful for analyzing simulations and experiments, since particular, nonuniversal values of k specify loci that approach the critical density most rapidly and reflect the pressure-mixing coefficient. Concrete illustrations are presented for the hard-core square-well fluid and for the restricted primitive model electrolyte. For comparison, a discussion of the classical (or Landau) theory is presented briefly and various interesting loci are determined explicitly and illustrated quantitatively for a van der Waals fluid.

On the enigmatic birth of the Pacific Plate within the Panthalassa Ocean

PubMed Central

Boschman, Lydian M.; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J. J.

2016-01-01

The oceanic Pacific Plate started forming in Early Jurassic time within the vast Panthalassa Ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea, and contains the oldest lithosphere that can directly constrain the geodynamic history of the circum-Pangean Earth. We show that the geometry of the oldest marine magnetic anomalies of the Pacific Plate attests to a unique plate kinematic event that sparked the plate’s birth at virtually a point location, surrounded by the Izanagi, Farallon, and Phoenix Plates. We reconstruct the unstable triple junction that caused the plate reorganization, which led to the birth of the Pacific Plate, and present a model of the plate tectonic configuration that preconditioned this event. We show that a stable but migrating triple junction involving the gradual cessation of intraoceanic Panthalassa subduction culminated in the formation of an unstable transform-transform-transform triple junction. The consequent plate boundary reorganization resulted in the formation of a stable triangular three-ridge system from which the nascent Pacific Plate expanded. We link the birth of the Pacific Plate to the regional termination of intra-Panthalassa subduction. Remnants thereof have been identified in the deep lower mantle of which the locations may provide paleolongitudinal control on the absolute location of the early Pacific Plate. Our results constitute an essential step in unraveling the plate tectonic evolution of “Thalassa Incognita” that comprises the comprehensive Panthalassa Ocean surrounding Pangea. PMID:29713683

On the Enigmatic Birth of the Pacific Plate within the Panthalassa Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boschman, L.; Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J.

2016-12-01

The oceanic Pacific Plate started forming in Early Jurassic time within the vast Panthalassa Ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea and contains the oldest lithosphere that can directly constrain the geodynamic history of the circum-Pangean Earth. Here, we show that the geometry of the oldest marine magnetic anomalies of the Pacific Plate attests of a unique plate kinematic event that sparked the plate's birth in virtually a point location, surrounded by the Izanagi, Farallon and Phoenix Plates. We reconstruct the unstable triple junction that caused the plate reorganization leading to the birth of the Pacific Plate and present a model of the plate tectonic configuration that preconditioned this event. We show that a stable, but migrating triple junction involving the gradual cessation of intra-oceanic Panthalassa subduction culminated in the formation of an unstable transform-transform-transform triple junction. The consequent plate boundary reorganization resulted in the formation of a stable triangular three-ridge system from which the nascent Pacific Plate expanded. We link the birth of the Pacific Plate to the regional termination of intra-Panthalassa subduction. Remnants thereof have been identified in the deep lower mantle of which the locations may provide paleolongitudinal control on the absolute location of the early Pacific Plate. Our results constitute an essential step in unraveling the plate tectonic evolution of `Thalassa Incognita' comprising the comprehensive Panthalassa Ocean surrounding Pangea.

On the enigmatic birth of the Pacific Plate within the Panthalassa Ocean.

PubMed

Boschman, Lydian M; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J J

2016-07-01

The oceanic Pacific Plate started forming in Early Jurassic time within the vast Panthalassa Ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea, and contains the oldest lithosphere that can directly constrain the geodynamic history of the circum-Pangean Earth. We show that the geometry of the oldest marine magnetic anomalies of the Pacific Plate attests to a unique plate kinematic event that sparked the plate's birth at virtually a point location, surrounded by the Izanagi, Farallon, and Phoenix Plates. We reconstruct the unstable triple junction that caused the plate reorganization, which led to the birth of the Pacific Plate, and present a model of the plate tectonic configuration that preconditioned this event. We show that a stable but migrating triple junction involving the gradual cessation of intraoceanic Panthalassa subduction culminated in the formation of an unstable transform-transform-transform triple junction. The consequent plate boundary reorganization resulted in the formation of a stable triangular three-ridge system from which the nascent Pacific Plate expanded. We link the birth of the Pacific Plate to the regional termination of intra-Panthalassa subduction. Remnants thereof have been identified in the deep lower mantle of which the locations may provide paleolongitudinal control on the absolute location of the early Pacific Plate. Our results constitute an essential step in unraveling the plate tectonic evolution of "Thalassa Incognita" that comprises the comprehensive Panthalassa Ocean surrounding Pangea.

Analytical phase diagrams for colloids and non-adsorbing polymer.

PubMed

Fleer, Gerard J; Tuinier, Remco

2008-11-04

We review the free-volume theory (FVT) of Lekkerkerker et al. [Europhys. Lett. 20 (1992) 559] for the phase behavior of colloids in the presence of non-adsorbing polymer and we extend this theory in several aspects: (i) We take the solvent into account as a separate component and show that the natural thermodynamic parameter for the polymer properties is the insertion work Pi(v), where Pi is the osmotic pressure of the (external) polymer solution and v the volume of a colloid particle. (ii) Curvature effects are included along the lines of Aarts et al. [J. Phys.: Condens. Matt. 14 (2002) 7551] but we find accurate simple power laws which simplify the mathematical procedure considerably. (iii) We find analytical forms for the first, second, and third derivatives of the grand potential, needed for the calculation of the colloid chemical potential, the pressure, gas-liquid critical points and the critical endpoint (cep), where the (stable) critical line ends and then coincides with the triple point. This cep determines the boundary condition for a stable liquid. We first apply these modifications to the so-called colloid limit, where the size ratio q(R)=R/a between the radius of gyration R of the polymer and the particle radius a is small. In this limit the binodal polymer concentrations are below overlap: the depletion thickness delta is nearly equal to R, and Pi can be approximated by the ideal (van't Hoff) law Pi=Pi(0)=phi/N, where phi is the polymer volume fraction and N the number of segments per chain. The results are close to those of the original Lekkerkerker theory. However, our analysis enables very simple analytical expressions for the polymer and colloid concentrations in the critical and triple points and along the binodals as a function of q(R). Also the position of the cep is found analytically. In order to make the model applicable to higher size ratio's q(R) (including the so-called protein limit where q(R)>1) further extensions are needed. We introduce the size ratio q=delta/a, where the depletion thickness delta is no longer of order R. In the protein limit the binodal concentrations are above overlap. In such semidilute solutions delta approximately xi, where the De Gennes blob size (correlation length) xi scales as xi approximately phi(-gamma), with gamma=0.77 for good solvents and gamma=1 for a theta solvent. In this limit Pi=Pi(sd) approximately phi(3gamma). We now apply the following additional modifications: With these latter two modifications we obtain again a fully analytical model with simple equations for critical and triple points as a function of q(R). In the protein limit the binodal polymer concentrations scale as q(R)(1/gamma), and phase diagrams phiq(R)(-1/gamma) versus the colloid concentration eta become universal (i.e., independent of the size ratio q(R)). The predictions of this generalized free-volume theory (GFVT) are in excellent agreement with experiment and with computer simulations, not only for the colloid limit but also for the protein limit (and the crossover between these limits). The q(R)(1/gamma) scaling is accurately reproduced by both simulations and other theoretical models. The liquid window is the region between phi(c) (critical point) and phi(t) (triple point). In terms of the ratio phi(t)/phi(c) the liquid window extends from 1 in the cep (here phi(t)-phi(c)=0) to 2.2 in the protein limit. Hence, the liquid window is narrow: it covers at most a factor 2.2 in (external) polymer concentration.

Electrons at the monkey saddle: A multicritical Lifshitz point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shtyk, A.; Goldstein, G.; Chamon, C.

2017-01-01

We consider two-dimensional interacting electrons at a monkey saddle with dispersion ∝px3-3 pxpy2 . Such a dispersion naturally arises at the multicritical Lifshitz point when three Van Hove saddles merge in an elliptical umbilic elementary catastrophe, which we show can be realized in biased bilayer graphene. A multicritical Lifshitz point of this kind can be identified by its signature Landau level behavior Em∝(Bm ) 3 /2 and related oscillations in thermodynamic and transport properties, such as de Haas-Van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, whose period triples as the system crosses the singularity. We show, in the case of a single monkey saddle, that the noninteracting electron fixed point is unstable to interactions under the renormalization-group flow, developing either a superconducting instability or non-Fermi-liquid features. Biased bilayer graphene, where there are two non-nested monkey saddles at the K and K' points, exhibits an interplay of competing many-body instabilities, namely, s -wave superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and spin- and charge-density waves.

Vectorized data acquisition and fast triple-correlation integrals for Fluorescence Triple Correlation Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ridgeway, William K.; Millar, David P.; Williamson, James R.

2013-04-01

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is widely used to quantify reaction rates and concentrations of molecules in vitro and in vivo. We recently reported Fluorescence Triple Correlation Spectroscopy (F3CS), which correlates three signals together instead of two. F3CS can analyze the stoichiometries of complex mixtures and detect irreversible processes by identifying time-reversal asymmetries. Here we report the computational developments that were required for the realization of F3CS and present the results as the Triple Correlation Toolbox suite of programs. Triple Correlation Toolbox is a complete data analysis pipeline capable of acquiring, correlating and fitting large data sets. Each segment of the pipeline handles error estimates for accurate error-weighted global fitting. Data acquisition was accelerated with a combination of off-the-shelf counter-timer chips and vectorized operations on 128-bit registers. This allows desktop computers with inexpensive data acquisition cards to acquire hours of multiple-channel data with sub-microsecond time resolution. Off-line correlation integrals were implemented as a two delay time multiple-tau scheme that scales efficiently with multiple processors and provides an unprecedented view of linked dynamics. Global fitting routines are provided to fit FCS and F3CS data to models containing up to ten species. Triple Correlation Toolbox is a complete package that enables F3CS to be performed on existing microscopes. Catalogue identifier: AEOP_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOP_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 50189 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6135283 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C/Assembly. Computer: Any with GCC and library support. Operating system: Linux and OS X (data acq. for Linux only due to library availability), not tested on Windows. RAM: ≥512 MB. Classification: 16.4. External routines: NIDAQmx (National Instruments), Gnu Scientific Library, GTK+, PLplot (optional) Nature of problem: Fluorescence Triple Correlation Spectroscopy required three things: data acquisition at faster speeds than were possible without expensive custom hardware, triple-correlation routines that could process 1/2 TB data sets rapidly, and fitting routines capable of handling several to a hundred fit parameters and 14,000 + data points, each with error estimates. Solution method: A novel data acquisition concept mixed signal processing with off-the-shelf hardware and data-parallel processing using 128-bit registers found in desktop CPUs. Correlation algorithms used fractal data structures and multithreading to reduce data analysis times. Global fitting was implemented with robust minimization routines and provides feedback that allows the user to critically inspect initial guesses and fits. Restrictions: Data acquisition only requires a National Instruments data acquisition card (it was tested on Linux using card PCIe-6251) and a simple home-built circuit. Unusual features: Hand-coded ×86-64 assembly for data acquisition loops (platform-independent C code also provided). Additional comments: A complete collection of tools to perform Fluorescence Triple Correlation Spectroscopy-from data acquisition to two-tau correlation of large data sets, to model fitting. Running time: 1-5 h of data analysis per hour of data collected. Varies depending on data-acquisition length, time resolution, data density and number of cores used for correlation integrals.

Laser speckle strain and deformation sensor using linear array image cross-correlation method for specifically arranged triple-beam triple-camera configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sarrafzadeh-Khoee, Adel K. (Inventor)

2000-01-01

The invention provides a method of triple-beam and triple-sensor in a laser speckle strain/deformation measurement system. The triple-beam/triple-camera configuration combined with sequential timing of laser beam shutters is capable of providing indications of surface strain and structure deformations. The strain and deformation quantities, the four variables of surface strain, in-plane displacement, out-of-plane displacement and tilt, are determined in closed form solutions.

On the mechanism of nitrosoarene-alkyne cycloaddition.

PubMed

Penoni, Andrea; Palmisano, Giovanni; Zhao, Yi-Lei; Houk, Kendall N; Volkman, Jerome; Nicholas, Kenneth M

2009-01-21

The thermal reaction between nitrosoarenes and alkynes produces N-hydroxyindoles as the major products. The mechanism of these novel reactions has been probed using a combination of experimental and computational methods. The reaction of nitrosobenzene (NB) with an excess of phenyl acetylene (PA) is determined to be first order in each reactant in benzene at 75 degrees C. The reaction rates have been determined for reactions between phenyl acetylene with a set of p-substituted nitrosoarenes, 4-X-C(6)H(4)NO, and of 4-O(2)N-C(6)H(4)NO with a set of p-substituted arylalkynes, 4-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The former reactions are accelerated by electron-withdrawing X groups (rho = +0.4), while the latter are faster with electron-donating Y groups (rho = -0.9). The kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is found to be 1.1 (+/-0.1) while that between PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO is also 1.1 (+/-0.1). The reaction between nitrosobenzene and the radical clock probe cyclopropylacetylene affords 3-cyclopropyl indole in low yield. In addition to 3-carbomethoxy-N-hydroxyindole, the reaction between PA and o-carbomethoxy-nitrosobenzene also affords a tricyclic indole derivative, 3, likely derived from trapping of an intermediate indoline nitrone with PA and subsequent rearrangement. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism were carried out with density functional theory at the (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The lowest energy pathway of the reaction of PhNO with alkynes was found to be stepwise; the N-C bond between nitrosoarene and acetylene is formed first, the resulting vinyl diradical undergoes cis-trans isomerization, and then the C-C bond forms. Conjugating substituents Z on the alkyne, Z-C[triple bond]CH, lower the calculated (and observed) activation barrier, Z = -H (19 kcal/mol), -Ph (15.8 kcal/mol), and -C(O)H (13 kcal/mol). The regioselectivity of the reaction, with formation of the 3-substituted indole, was reproduced by the calculations of PhNO + PhC[triple bond]CH; the rate-limiting step for formation of the 2-substituted indole is higher in energy by 11.6 kcal/mol. The effects of -NO(2), -CN, -Cl, -Br, -Me, and -OMe substituents were computed for the reactions of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH and of PhNO and/or p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO with p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The activation energies for the set of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO vary by 4.3 kcal/mol and follow the trend found experimentally, with electron-withdrawing X groups accelerating the reactions. The range of barriers for the p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH reactions is smaller, about 1.5 and 1.8 kcal/mol in the cases of PhNO and p-NO(2)-PhNO, respectively. In agreement with the experiments, electron-donating Y groups on the alkyne accelerate the reactions with p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO, while both ED and EW groups are predicted to facilitate the reaction. The calculated kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is negligible (as found experimentally) while that for PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO (0.7) differs somewhat from the experiment (1.1). Taken together the experimental and computational results point to the operation of a stepwise diradical cycloaddition, with rate-limiting N-C bond formation and rapid C-C connection to form a bicyclic cyclohexadienyl-N-oxyl diradical, followed by fast tautomerization to the N-hydroxyindole product.

Phase diagram of hard squares in slit confinement.

PubMed

Bautista-Carbajal, Gustavo; Gurin, Péter; Varga, Szabolcs; Odriozola, Gerardo

2018-06-11

This work shows a complete phase diagram of hard squares of side length σ in slit confinement for H < 4.5, H being the wall to wall distance measured in σ units, including the maximal packing fraction limit. The phase diagram exhibits a transition between a single-row parallel 1-[Formula: see text] and a zigzag 2-[Formula: see text] structures for H c (2) = (2[Formula: see text] - 1) < H < 2, and also another one involving the 1-[Formula: see text] and 2-[Formula: see text] structures (two parallel rows) for 2 < H < H c (3) (H c (n) = n - 1 + [Formula: see text]/n is the critical wall-to-wall distance for a (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to n-[Formula: see text] transition and where n-[Formula: see text] represents a structure formed by tilted rectangles, each one clustering n stacked squares), and a triple point for H t  [Formula: see text] 2.005. In this triple point there coexists the 1-[Formula: see text], 2-[Formula: see text], and 2-[Formula: see text] structures. For regions H c (3) < H < H c (4) and H c (4) < H < H c (5), very similar pictures arise. There is a (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to a n-[Formula: see text] strong transition for H c (n) < H < n, followed by a softer (n - 1)-[Formula: see text] to n-[Formula: see text] transition for n < H < H c (n + 1). Again, at H [Formula: see text] n there appears a triple point, involving the (n - 1)-[Formula: see text], n-[Formula: see text], and n-[Formula: see text] structures. The similarities found for n = 2, 3 and 4 lead us to propose a tentative phase diagram for H c (n) < H < H c (n + 1) (n ∈ [Formula: see text], n > 2), where structures (n - 1)-[Formula: see text], n-[Formula: see text], and n-[Formula: see text] fill the phase diagram. Simulation and Onsager theory results are qualitatively consistent.

Surface Morphology of Liquid and Solid Thin Films via X-Ray Reflectivity.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shindler, Joseph Daniel

X-ray reflectivity can be used to measure the spatial variations in the electron density on length scales from Angstroms to microns. It is sensitive to atomic scale roughness, interdiffusion in buried layers, the thickness of multilayer stacks, and in-plane correlations in each of these cases. We have pioneered the use of a high intensity, moderate resolution configuration for x-ray reflectivity which utilizes a bent crystal graphite monochromator. With this technique we can obtain a beam intensity one hundred times greater than is possible using the high resolution rotating anode configuration, while we have shown that the resulting instrumental resolution is appropriate for the vast majority of thin film work. For all of the systems studied, we were able to measure the weak diffuse scattering signal to probe the in-plane length scales of interfacial roughness, a measurement which had previously only been attempted at synchrotron sources. Studied systems include thin films and surfaces with a wide range of structural order and surface morphologies. Interest in liquid films has been of a fundamental nature. Theories on the expected film evolution with changing thickness and temperature are currently being tested with scattering experiments. We have pursued the issues of film/substrate wetting and conformality, focussing on the temperature dependence of these phenomena near the triple point. Despite the heterogeneity of the substrate potential, we see a very sharp wetting transition at or near the triple point, although below the triple point the film is still smooth, consistent with a uniform layer. We also see a loss of conformality as the fluid films thicken; this is consistent with theory and with other recent experiments. The properties of a multilayer solid film depend not only on the magnitude of the roughness of each interface, but also on the conformality between interfaces and the length scales of the roughness--i.e., whether the roughness is on the atomic lengths of interdiffusion, crystalline order lengths of faceting, or even longer lengths due to other processes. In a joint project with Alcoa, we combined the methods of x-ray Bragg diffraction and small angle reflectivity to probe aluminum thin films as precursors to true multilayer films, correlating grain size and orientation with the magnitude and length-scales of surface roughness. We also correlated all film properties with such parameters as the deposition method, substrate roughness, and film thickness.

Portable Apparatus for Electrochemical Sensing of Ethylene

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manoukian, Mourad; Tempelman, Linda A.; Forchione, John; Krebs, W. Michael; Schmitt, Edwin W.

2007-01-01

A small, lightweight, portable apparatus based on an electrochemical sensing principle has been developed for monitoring low concentrations of ethylene in air. Ethylene has long been known to be produced by plants and to stimulate the growth and other aspects of the development of plants (including, notably, ripening of fruits and vegetables), even at concentrations as low as tens of parts per billion (ppb). The effects are magnified in plant-growth and -storage chambers wherein ethylene can accumulate. There is increasing recognition in agriculture and related industries that it is desirable to monitor and control ethylene concentrations in order to optimize the growth, storage, and ripening of plant products. Hence, there are numerous potential uses for the present apparatus in conjunction with equipment for controlling ethylene concentrations. The ethylene sensor is of a thick-film type with a design optimized for a low detection limit. The sensor includes a noble metal sensing electrode on a chip and a hydrated solid-electrolyte membrane that is held in contact with the chip. Also located on the sensor chip are a counter electrode and a reference electrode. The sensing electrode is held at a fixed potential versus the reference electrode. Detection takes place at active-triple-point areas where the sensing electrode, electrolyte, and sample gas meet. These areas are formed by cutting openings in the electrolyte membrane. The electrode current generated from electrochemical oxidation of ethylene at the active triple points is proportional to the concentration of ethylene. An additional film of the solid-electrolyte membrane material is deposited on the sensing electrode to increase the effective triple-point areas and thereby enhance the detection signal. The sensor chip is placed in a holder that is part of a polycarbonate housing. When fully assembled, the housing holds the solid-electrolyte membrane in contact with the chip (see figure). The housing includes a water reservoir for keeping the solid-electrolyte membrane hydrated. The housing also includes flow channels for circulating a sample stream of air over the chip: ethylene is brought to the sensing surface predominately by convection in this sample stream. The sample stream is generated by a built-in sampling pump. The forced circulation of sample air contributes to the attainment of a low detection limit.

Genetics Home Reference: triple X syndrome

MedlinePlus

... Twitter Home Health Conditions Triple X syndrome Triple X syndrome Printable PDF Open All Close All Enable ... to view the expand/collapse boxes. Description Triple X syndrome , also called trisomy X or 47,XXX, ...

Water under inner pressure: a dielectric spectroscopy study.

PubMed

Angulo-Sherman, Abril; Mercado-Uribe, Hilda

2014-02-01

Water is the most studied substance on Earth. However, it is not completely understood why its structural and dynamical properties give rise to some anomalous behaviors. Some of them emerge when experiments at low temperatures and/or high pressures are performed. Here we report dielectric measurements on cold water under macroscopically constrained conditions, i.e., water in a large container at constant volume that cannot freeze below the melting point. The inner pressure in these conditions shifts the α relaxation peak to similar frequencies as seen in ice Ih. At 267 K we observe a peculiar response possibly due to the Grotthuss mechanism. At 251 K (the triple point) ice III forms.

The calculation of transport properties in quantum liquids using the maximum entropy numerical analytic continuation method: Application to liquid para-hydrogen

PubMed Central

Rabani, Eran; Reichman, David R.; Krilov, Goran; Berne, Bruce J.

2002-01-01

We present a method based on augmenting an exact relation between a frequency-dependent diffusion constant and the imaginary time velocity autocorrelation function, combined with the maximum entropy numerical analytic continuation approach to study transport properties in quantum liquids. The method is applied to the case of liquid para-hydrogen at two thermodynamic state points: a liquid near the triple point and a high-temperature liquid. Good agreement for the self-diffusion constant and for the real-time velocity autocorrelation function is obtained in comparison to experimental measurements and other theoretical predictions. Improvement of the methodology and future applications are discussed. PMID:11830656

Nonergodicity in binary alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Son, Leonid; Sidorov, Valery; Popel, Pjotr; Shulgin, Dmitry

2015-09-01

For binary liquids with limited miscibility of the components, we provide the corrections to the equation of state which arise from the nonergogic diffusivity. It is shown that these corrections result in lowering of critical miscibility point. In some cases, it may result in a bifurcation of miscibility curve: the mixtures near 50% concentration which are homogeneous at the microscopic level, occur to be too stable to provide a quasi - eutectic triple point. These features provide a new look on the phase diagrams of some binary systems. In present work, we discuss Ga-Pb, Fe-Cu, and Cu-Zr alloys. Our investigation corresponds their complex behavior in liquid state to the shapes of their phase diagrams.

Development of an Evaluation Methodology for Triple Bottom Line Reports Using International Standards on Reporting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skouloudis, Antonis; Evangelinos, Konstantinos; Kourmousis, Fotis

2009-08-01

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, evaluation scoring systems for triple bottom line (TBL) reports to date are examined and potential methodological weaknesses and problems are highlighted. In this context, a new assessment methodology is presented based explicitly on the most widely acknowledged standard on non-financial reporting worldwide, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. The set of GRI topics and performance indicators was converted into scoring criteria while the generic scoring devise was set from 0 to 4 points. Secondly, the proposed benchmark tool was applied to the TBL reports published by Greek companies. Results reveal major gaps in reporting practices, stressing the need for the further development of internal systems and processes in order to collect essential non-financial performance data. A critical overview of the structure and rationale of the evaluation tool in conjunction with the Greek case study is discussed while recommendations for future research on the field of this relatively new form of reporting are suggested.

Development of an evaluation methodology for triple bottom line reports using international standards on reporting.

PubMed

Skouloudis, Antonis; Evangelinos, Konstantinos; Kourmousis, Fotis

2009-08-01

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, evaluation scoring systems for triple bottom line (TBL) reports to date are examined and potential methodological weaknesses and problems are highlighted. In this context, a new assessment methodology is presented based explicitly on the most widely acknowledged standard on non-financial reporting worldwide, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. The set of GRI topics and performance indicators was converted into scoring criteria while the generic scoring devise was set from 0 to 4 points. Secondly, the proposed benchmark tool was applied to the TBL reports published by Greek companies. Results reveal major gaps in reporting practices, stressing the need for the further development of internal systems and processes in order to collect essential non-financial performance data. A critical overview of the structure and rationale of the evaluation tool in conjunction with the Greek case study is discussed while recommendations for future research on the field of this relatively new form of reporting are suggested.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watchorn, Steven

Because this was a Phase I project, it did not add extensively to the body of A-band knowledge. There was no basic research performed on that subject. The principal addition was that a mechanical and optical design for a triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FABSOAR) capable of A-band sensing was sketched out and shown to be within readily feasible instrument fabrication parameters. The parameters for the proposed triple-etalon Fabry-Perot were shown to be very similar to existing Fabry-Perots built by Scientific Solutions. The mechanical design for the FABSOAR instrument incorporated the design of previous Scientific Solutions imagers, condensing the three three-inch-diameter etalonsmore » into a single, sturdy tube. The design allowed for the inclusion of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) filter wheel and a thermocooled CCD detector from Andor. The tube has supports to mount to a horizontal or vertical opticaltable surface, and was to be coupled to a Scientific Solutions pointing head at the Millstone Hill Observatory in Massachusetts for Phase II calibration and testing.« less

Many-body dispersion interactions from the exchange-hole dipole moment model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otero-de-la-Roza, A.; Johnson, Erin R.

2013-02-01

In this article, we present the extension of the exchange-hole dipole moment model (XDM) of dispersion interactions to the calculation of two-body and three-body dispersion energy terms to any order, 2l-pole oscillator strengths, and polarizabilities. By using the newly-formulated coefficients, we study the relative importance of the higher-order two-body and the leading non-additive three-body (triple-dipole) interactions in gas-phase as well as in condensed systems. We show that the two-body terms up to R-10, but not the terms of higher-order, are essential in the correct description of the dispersion energy, while there are a number of difficulties related to the choice of the damping function, which precludes the use three-body triple-dipole contributions in XDM. We conclude that further study is required before the three-body term can be used in production XDM density-functional calculations and point out the salient problems regarding its use.

Symmetric operation of the resonant exchange qubit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malinowski, Filip K.; Martins, Frederico; Nissen, Peter D.; Fallahi, Saeed; Gardner, Geoffrey C.; Manfra, Michael J.; Marcus, Charles M.; Kuemmeth, Ferdinand

2017-07-01

We operate a resonant exchange qubit in a highly symmetric triple-dot configuration using IQ-modulated rf pulses. We find that the qubit splitting is an order of magnitude less sensitive to all relevant control voltages, compared to the conventional operating point, but we observe no significant improvement in the quality of Rabi oscillations. For weak driving this is consistent with Overhauser field fluctuations modulating the qubit splitting. For strong driving we infer that effective voltage noise modulates the coupling strength between rf drive and the qubit, thereby quickening Rabi decay. Application of CPMG dynamical decoupling sequences consisting of up to 32 π pulses significantly prolongs qubit coherence, leading to marginally longer dephasing times in the symmetric configuration. This is consistent with dynamical decoupling from low frequency noise, but quantitatively cannot be explained by effective gate voltage noise and Overhauser field fluctuations alone. Our results inform recent strategies for the utilization of symmetric configurations in the operation of triple-dot qubits.

Triple-Stimuli-Responsive Ferrocene-Containing PEGs in Water and on the Surface.

PubMed

Alkan, Arda; Steinmetz, Christian; Landfester, Katharina; Wurm, Frederik R

2015-12-02

Triple-stimuli-responsive PEG-based materials are prepared by living anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide and vinyl ferrocenyl glycidyl ether and subsequent thiol-ene postpolymerization modification with cysteamine. The hydrophilicity of these materials can be tuned by three stimuli: (i) temperature (depending on the comonomer ratio), (ii) oxidation state of iron centers in the ferrocene moieties, and (iii) pH-value (through amino groups), both in aqueous solution and at the interface after covalent attachment to a glass surface. In such materials, the cloud point temperatures are adjustable in solution by changing oxidation state and/or pH. On the surface, the contact angle increases with increasing pH and temperature and after oxidation, making these smart surfaces interesting for catalytic applications. Also, their redox response can be switched by temperature and pH, making this material useful for catalysis and electrochemistry applications. Exemplarily, the temperature-dependent catalysis of the chemiluminescence of luminol (a typical blood analysis tool in forensics) was investigated with these polymers.

TM triple-mode microwave filter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lai, S.-L.; Lin, W.-G.

1990-12-01

A novel realization of triple-mode six-pole microwave filters that use only TM modes is presented. The application involves TM triple degeneracies in cylindrical cavities using triple-mode elliptic function filter synthesis. Experimental results are reported.

Novel Epitaxy Between Oxides and Semiconductors - Growth and Interfacial Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-16

observed to be impressively good. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Nanotechnology, Gallium Nitride 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as...with precursors or gases, a high-purity sapphire was employed in this work. E-beam evaporation was used due to the high melting point of sapphire, and...were carried out on a four-circle triple -axes diffractometer, using a 12 kW rotating anode Cu K-alpha source. A pair of graphite crystals is used to

Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevens, Bjorn; Brogniez, Hélène; Kiemle, Christoph; Lacour, Jean-Lionel; Crevoisier, Cyril; Kiliani, Johannes

In situ, airborne and satellite measurements are used to characterize the structure of water vapor in the lower tropical troposphere—below the height, z *, of the triple-point isotherm, T *. The measurements are evaluated in light of understanding of how lowertropospheric water vapor influences clouds, convection and circulation, through both radiative and thermodynamic effects. Lower-tropospheric water vapor, which concentrates in the first few kilometers above the boundary layer, controls the radiative cooling profile of the boundary layer and lower troposphere. Elevated moist layers originating from a preferred level of convective detrainment induce a profile of radiative cooling that drives circulations which reinforce such features. A theory for this preferred level of cumulus termination is advanced, whereby the difference between T * and the temperature at which primary ice forms gives a `first-mover advantage' to glaciating cumulus convection, thereby concentrating the regions of the deepest convection and leading to more clouds and moisture near the triple point. A preferred level of convective detrainment near T * implies relative humidity reversals below z * which are difficult to identify using retrievals from satellite-borne microwave and infrared sounders. Isotopologues retrievals provide a hint of such features and their ability to constrain the structure of the vertical humidity profile merits further study. Nonetheless, it will likely remain challenging to resolve dynamically important aspects of the vertical structure of water vapor from space using only passive sensors.

Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevens, Bjorn; Brogniez, Hélène; Kiemle, Christoph; Lacour, Jean-Lionel; Crevoisier, Cyril; Kiliani, Johannes

2017-11-01

In situ, airborne and satellite measurements are used to characterize the structure of water vapor in the lower tropical troposphere—below the height, z_*, of the triple-point isotherm, T_*. The measurements are evaluated in light of understanding of how lower-tropospheric water vapor influences clouds, convection and circulation, through both radiative and thermodynamic effects. Lower-tropospheric water vapor, which concentrates in the first few kilometers above the boundary layer, controls the radiative cooling profile of the boundary layer and lower troposphere. Elevated moist layers originating from a preferred level of convective detrainment induce a profile of radiative cooling that drives circulations which reinforce such features. A theory for this preferred level of cumulus termination is advanced, whereby the difference between T_* and the temperature at which primary ice forms gives a `first-mover advantage' to glaciating cumulus convection, thereby concentrating the regions of the deepest convection and leading to more clouds and moisture near the triple point. A preferred level of convective detrainment near T_* implies relative humidity reversals below z* which are difficult to identify using retrievals from satellite-borne microwave and infrared sounders. Isotopologues retrievals provide a hint of such features and their ability to constrain the structure of the vertical humidity profile merits further study. Nonetheless, it will likely remain challenging to resolve dynamically important aspects of the vertical structure of water vapor from space using only passive sensors.

Leakage and sweet spots in triple-quantum-dot spin qubits: A molecular-orbital study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chengxian; Yang, Xu-Chen; Wang, Xin

2018-04-01

A triple-quantum-dot system can be operated as either an exchange-only qubit or a resonant-exchange qubit. While it is generally believed that the decisive advantage of the resonant-exchange qubit is the suppression of charge noise because it is operated at a sweet spot, we show that the leakage is also an important factor. Through molecular-orbital-theoretic calculations, we show that when the system is operated in the exchange-only scheme, the leakage to states with double electron occupancy in quantum dots is severe when rotations around the axis 120∘ from z ̂ is performed. While this leakage can be reduced by either shrinking the dots or separating them further, the exchange interactions are also suppressed at the same time, making the gate operations unfavorably slow. When the system is operated as a resonant-exchange qubit, the leakage is three to five orders of magnitude smaller. We have also calculated the optimal detuning point which minimizes the leakage for the resonant-exchange qubit, and have found that although it does not coincide with the double sweet spot for the charge noise, they are rather close. Our results suggest that the resonant-exchange qubit has another advantage, that leakage can be greatly suppressed compared to the exchange-only qubit, and operating at the double sweet spot point should be optimal both for reducing charge noise and suppressing leakage.

An Experimental Investigation of the Long-Term Stability of Triple-Point-of-Water Cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hill, K. D.

2014-04-01

Contamination of triple-point-of-water (TPW) cells by the chemical components of the borosilicate glass that contains the water is now widely recognized as the principal contributor to long-term drift of the cell temperature. To add to the available experimental data, a comparison of 24 TPW cells of various ages (from 10 years to 59 years), manufacturers (NRC, Jarrett, Isotech), and materials (borosilicate glass and fused quartz) was undertaken in 2013. Twelve cells from this group were compared to one another in 1997. By comparing the current inter-cell temperature differences to those determined 16 years earlier, it was found that some cells have remained stable, others have become colder (as might be expected from ongoing dissolution of the glass), and one or two show an apparent increase in temperature that seems anomalous. Also included among the 24 cells are five cells of borosilicate glass and five of fused quartz that were purchased 10 years ago. By comparing the relative temperature differences among this group of borosilcate and fused-quartz-encapsulated cells to the values obtained when they were last compared 6 years ago, it was found that the average temperature of the borosilcate group of cells decreases by , in reasonable agreement with an average drift of suggested 12 years ago. It was concluded that fused quartz is the superior container for TPW cells.

CURCUMIN IN COMBINATION WITH TRIPLE THERAPY REGIMES AMELIORATES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS-ASSOCIATED HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION.

PubMed

Judaki, Arezu; Rahmani, Asghar; Feizi, Jalil; Asadollahi, Khairollah; Hafezi Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza

2017-01-01

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastric infection is a main cause of inflammatory changes and gastric cancers. The aim of this study was finding the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress and histological changes in chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori. In a randomized clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups: a standard triple therapy group and triple therapy with curcumin group. Endoscopic and histological examinations were measured for all patients before and after 8 weeks. Triple therapy with curcumin treatment group significantly decreased malondialdehyde markers, glutathione peroxides and increased total antioxidant capacity of the gastric mucosa at the end of study compared to baseline and triple regimen groups. In addition, the oxidative damage to DNA was significantly decreased in triple therapy with curcumin group at the end of study compared to baseline and compared to triple therapy (P<0.05 for both). Triple therapy group in combination with Curcumin significantly decreased all active, chronic and endoscopic inflammation scores of patients compared to the baseline and triple therapy group (P<0.05 for both). The eradication rate by triple therapy + curcumin was significantly increased compared to triple therapy alone (P<0.05). Curcumin can be a useful supplement to improve chronic inflammation and prevention of carcinogenic changes in patients with chronic gastritis associated by H. pylori.

Thermodynamics of hairy black holes in Lovelock gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hennigar, Robie A.; Tjoa, Erickson; Mann, Robert B.

2017-02-01

We perform a thorough study of the thermodynamic properties of a class of Lovelock black holes with conformal scalar hair arising from coupling of a real scalar field to the dimensionally extended Euler densities. We study the linearized equations of motion of the theory and describe constraints under which the theory is free from ghosts/tachyons. We then consider, within the context of black hole chemistry, the thermodynamics of the hairy black holes in the Gauss-Bonnet and cubic Lovelock theories. We clarify the connection between isolated critical points and thermodynamic singularities, finding a one parameter family of these critical points which occur for well-defined thermodynamic parameters. We also report on a number of novel results, including `virtual triple points' and the first example of a `λ-line' — a line of second order phase transitions — in black hole thermodynamics.

Quantum criticality and first-order transitions in the extended periodic Anderson model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagymási, I.; Itai, K.; Sólyom, J.

2013-03-01

We investigate the behavior of the periodic Anderson model in the presence of d-f Coulomb interaction (Udf) using mean-field theory, variational calculation, and exact diagonalization of finite chains. The variational approach based on the Gutzwiller trial wave function gives a critical value of Udf and two quantum critical points (QCPs), where the valence susceptibility diverges. We derive the critical exponent for the valence susceptibility and investigate how the position of the QCP depends on the other parameters of the Hamiltonian. For larger values of Udf, the Kondo regime is bounded by two first-order transitions. These first-order transitions merge into a triple point at a certain value of Udf. For even larger Udf valence skipping occurs. Although the other methods do not give a critical point, they support this scenario.

Triple combination therapy and zeaxanthin for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: an interventional comparative study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

PubMed

Olk, R Joseph; Peralta, Enrique; Gierhart, Dennis L; Brown, Gary C; Brown, Melissa M

2015-01-01

Reports of triple combination therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) suggest a benefit, as do reports for zeaxanthin. An interventional comparative study was thus undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of triple combination therapy with and without zeaxanthin, as well as the economic viability of the therapies. The cases of 543 consecutive eyes of 424 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD were reviewed. All eyes were treated with triple combination therapy (triple therapy) consisting of: (1) reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, (2) intravitreal bevacizumab and (3) intravitreal dexamethasone. Therapy was repeated as necessary. One cohort of patients was also given supplementation with 20 mg of oral zeaxanthin (Zx) daily. The triple therapy group without Zx received a mean of 2.8 treatment cycles and 87 % of patients had stable or improved vision at 24 months. In the triple therapy group with Zx, the mean number of treatment cycles was 2.1, with 83 % of patients having stable or improved vision at 24 months. At 24 months, CNV developed in 12.5 % of fellow eyes treated with triple therapy alone; CNV developed in 6.25 % of eyes treated with triple therapy with Zx (p = 0.03). An average cost-utility analysis revealed that triple therapy was cost-effective with a cost-utility ratio of $26,574/QALY, while triple therapy with Zx was more cost-effective with an average cost-utility ratio of $19,962/QALY. The incremental cost-utility analysis assessing the addition of Zx to triple therapy disclosed Zx supplementation was very cost-effective at $5302/QALY. When it was assumed that triple therapy with Zx reduced fellow eye CNV development by 30.3 %, the incremental cost-utility dropped to (-$6332/QALY), indicating that adding Zx to triple therapy yielded greater patient value, and was also less expensive than using triple therapy alone. Triple therapy is comparatively effective and cost-effective. Considerably less treatment is needed than reported in monotherapy studies. The addition of oral Zx appears to further reduce the treatment cycles required, and possibly reduce the risk of CNV development in the fellow eye.

Impact of chemotherapy relative dose intensity on cause-specific and overall survival for stage I-III breast cancer: ER+/PR+, HER2- vs. triple-negative.

PubMed

Zhang, Lu; Yu, Qingzhao; Wu, Xiao-Cheng; Hsieh, Mei-Chin; Loch, Michelle; Chen, Vivien W; Fontham, Elizabeth; Ferguson, Tekeda

2018-05-01

To investigate the impact of chemotherapy relative dose intensity (RDI) on cause-specific and overall survival for stage I-III breast cancer: estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor positive, human epidermal-growth factor receptor negative (ER+/PR+ and HER2-) vs. triple-negative (TNBC) and to identify the optimal RDI cut-off points in these two patient populations. Data were collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry for two CDC-funded projects. Women diagnosed with stage I-III ER+/PR+, HER2- breast cancer, or TNBC in 2011 with complete information on RDI were included. Five RDI cut-off points (95, 90, 85, 80, and 75%) were evaluated on cause-specific and overall survival, adjusting for multiple demographic variables, tumor characteristics, comorbidity, use of granulocyte-growth factor/cytokines, chemotherapy delay, chemotherapy regimens, and use of hormone therapy. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated and adjusted by stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) of propensity score. Of 494 ER+/PR+, HER2- patients and 180 TNBC patients, RDI < 85% accounted for 30.4 and 27.8%, respectively. Among ER+/PR+, HER2- patients, 85% was the only cut-off point at which the low RDI was significantly associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.93; 95% CI 1.09-3.40). Among TNBC patients, 75% was the cut-off point at which the high RDI was associated with better cause-specific (HR = 2.64; 95% CI 1.09, 6.38) and overall survival (HR = 2.39; 95% CI 1.04-5.51). Higher RDI of chemotherapy is associated with better survival for ER+/PR+, HER2- patients and TNBC patients. To optimize survival benefits, RDI should be maintained ≥ 85% in ER+/PR+, HER2- patients, and ≥ 75% in TNBC patients.

Perspective: The Asakura Oosawa model: a colloid prototype for bulk and interfacial phase behavior.

PubMed

Binder, Kurt; Virnau, Peter; Statt, Antonia

2014-10-14

In many colloidal suspensions, the micrometer-sized particles behave like hard spheres, but when non-adsorbing polymers are added to the solution a depletion attraction (of entropic origin) is created. Since 60 years the Asakura-Oosawa model, which simply describes the polymers as ideal soft spheres, is an archetypical description for the statistical thermodynamics of such systems, accounting for many features of real colloid-polymer mixtures very well. While the fugacity of the polymers (which controls their concentration in the solution) plays a role like inverse temperature, the size ratio of polymer versus colloid radii acts as a control parameter to modify the phase diagram: when this ratio is large enough, a vapor-liquid like phase separation occurs at low enough colloid packing fractions, up to a triple point where a liquid-solid two-phase coexistence region takes over. For smaller size ratios, the critical point of the phase separation and the triple point merge, resulting in a single two-phase coexistence region between fluid and crystalline phases (of "inverted swan neck"-topology, with possibly a hidden metastable phase separation). Furthermore, liquid-crystalline ordering may be found if colloidal particles of non-spherical shape (e.g., rod like) are considered. Also interactions of the particles with solid surfaces should be tunable (e.g., walls coated by polymer brushes), and interfacial phenomena are particularly interesting experimentally, since fluctuations can be studied in the microscope on all length scales, down to the particle level. Due to its simplicity this model has become a workhorse for both analytical theory and computer simulation. Recently, generalizations addressing dynamic phenomena (phase separation, crystal nucleation, etc.) have become the focus of studies.

Perspective: The Asakura Oosawa model: A colloid prototype for bulk and interfacial phase behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Binder, Kurt; Virnau, Peter; Statt, Antonia

2014-10-01

In many colloidal suspensions, the micrometer-sized particles behave like hard spheres, but when non-adsorbing polymers are added to the solution a depletion attraction (of entropic origin) is created. Since 60 years the Asakura-Oosawa model, which simply describes the polymers as ideal soft spheres, is an archetypical description for the statistical thermodynamics of such systems, accounting for many features of real colloid-polymer mixtures very well. While the fugacity of the polymers (which controls their concentration in the solution) plays a role like inverse temperature, the size ratio of polymer versus colloid radii acts as a control parameter to modify the phase diagram: when this ratio is large enough, a vapor-liquid like phase separation occurs at low enough colloid packing fractions, up to a triple point where a liquid-solid two-phase coexistence region takes over. For smaller size ratios, the critical point of the phase separation and the triple point merge, resulting in a single two-phase coexistence region between fluid and crystalline phases (of "inverted swan neck"-topology, with possibly a hidden metastable phase separation). Furthermore, liquid-crystalline ordering may be found if colloidal particles of non-spherical shape (e.g., rod like) are considered. Also interactions of the particles with solid surfaces should be tunable (e.g., walls coated by polymer brushes), and interfacial phenomena are particularly interesting experimentally, since fluctuations can be studied in the microscope on all length scales, down to the particle level. Due to its simplicity this model has become a workhorse for both analytical theory and computer simulation. Recently, generalizations addressing dynamic phenomena (phase separation, crystal nucleation, etc.) have become the focus of studies.

Preparation, structure and some chemistry of FcC[identically equal to]CC[identically equal to]CC[identically equal to]CRu(dppe)Cp

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Michael I.; Humphrey, Paul A.; Jevric, Martyn

The synthesis of Fc(C{triple_bond}C){sub 3}Ru(dppe)Cp (2) from Fc(C{triple_bond}C){sub 3}SiMe{sub 3} and RuCl(dppe)Cp is described, together with its reactions with tcne to give the tetracyano-dienyl FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C{l_brace}C[{triple_bond}C(CN){sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub 2}Ru(dppe)Cp (3) and -cyclobutenyl FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C{l_brace}C{triple_bond}CC(CN){sub 2}C(CN){sub 2}{r_brace}Ru(dppe)Cp (4), with Co{sub 2}({mu}-dppm){sub n}(CO){sub 8-2n} (n = 0, 1) to give FcC{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}{r_brace}C{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}{r_brace}CCRu(dppe)Cp (5) and FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}CC{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}({mu}-dppm)(CO){sub 4}{r_brace}Ru(dppe)Cp (6), respectively, and with Os{sub 3}(CO){sub 10}(NCMe){sub 2} to give Os{sub 3}{l_brace}{mu}{sub 3}-C{sub 2}C{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C[Ru(dppe)Cp]{r_brace}(CO){sub 10} (7). On standing in solution, the latter isomerises to the cyclo-metallated derivative Os{sub 3}({mu}-H){l_brace}{mu}{sub 3}-C[Ru(dppe)Cp]CCC[({eta}-C{sub 5}H{sub 3})FeCp]{r_brace}(CO){sub 8} (8). X-ray structural determinations of 1, 2, 6 andmore » 7 are reported.« less

Structural insights into the stabilization of MALAT1 noncoding RNA by a bipartite triple helix

PubMed Central

Brown, Jessica A.; Bulkley, David; Wang, Jimin; Valenstein, Max L.; Yario, Therese A.; Steitz, Thomas A.; Steitz, Joan A.

2014-01-01

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a highly-abundant nuclear long noncoding RNA that promotes malignancy. A 3′-stem-loop structure is predicted to confer stability by engaging a downstream A-rich tract in a triple helix, similar to the expression and nuclear retention element (ENE) from the KSHV polyadenylated nuclear RNA. The 3.1-Å resolution crystal structure of the human MALAT1 ENE and A-rich tract reveals a bipartite triple helix containing stacks of five and four U•A-U triples separated by a C+•G-C triplet and C-G doublet, extended by two A-minor interactions. In vivo decay assays indicate that this blunt-ended triple helix, with the 3′ nucleotide in a U•A-U triple, inhibits rapid nuclear RNA decay. Interruption of the triple helix by the C-G doublet induces a “helical reset” that explains why triple-helical stacks longer than six do not occur in nature. PMID:24952594

Equation of state for 1,2-dichloroethane based on a hybrid data set

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thol, Monika; Rutkai, Gábor; Köster, Andreas; Miroshnichenko, Svetlana; Wagner, Wolfgang; Vrabec, Jadran; Span, Roland

2017-06-01

A fundamental equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy is presented for 1,2-dichloroethane. Due to a narrow experimental database, not only laboratory measurements but also molecular simulation data are applied to the fitting procedure. The present equation of state is valid from the triple point up to 560 K for pressures of up to 100 MPa. The accuracy of the equation is assessed in detail. Furthermore, a reasonable extrapolation behaviour is verified.

Communication: Simple liquids' high-density viscosity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costigliola, Lorenzo; Pedersen, Ulf R.; Heyes, David M.; Schrøder, Thomas B.; Dyre, Jeppe C.

2018-02-01

This paper argues that the viscosity of simple fluids at densities above that of the triple point is a specific function of temperature relative to the freezing temperature at the density in question. The proposed viscosity expression, which is arrived at in part by reference to the isomorph theory of systems with hidden scale invariance, describes computer simulations of the Lennard-Jones system as well as argon and methane experimental data and simulation results for an effective-pair-potential model of liquid sodium.

Multiplicity Counting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geist, William H.

2015-12-01

This set of slides begins by giving background and a review of neutron counting; three attributes of a verification item are discussed: 240Pu eff mass; α, the ratio of (α,n) neutrons to spontaneous fission neutrons; and leakage multiplication. It then takes up neutron detector systems – theory & concepts (coincidence counting, moderation, die-away time); detector systems – some important details (deadtime, corrections); introduction to multiplicity counting; multiplicity electronics and example distributions; singles, doubles, and triples from measured multiplicity distributions; and the point model: multiplicity mathematics.

QCD unitarity constraints on Reggeon Field Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovner, Alex; Levin, Eugene; Lublinsky, Michael

2016-08-01

We point out that the s-channel unitarity of QCD imposes meaningful constraints on a possible form of the QCD Reggeon Field Theory. We show that neither the BFKL nor JIMWLK nor Braun's Hamiltonian satisfy the said constraints. In a toy, zero transverse dimensional case we construct a model that satisfies the analogous constraint and show that at infinite energy it indeed tends to a "black disk limit" as opposed to the model with triple Pomeron vertex only, routinely used as a toy model in the literature.

Advancing Our Understanding of the Etiologies and Mutational Landscapes of Basal-Like, Luminal A, and Luminal B Breast Cancers

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

will oversee the training of the study’s field and random digit dialing (RDD) interviewers. To support this and on-going training, Ms. Taylor will...luminal A and luminal B cases can be distinguished from each other. All Page 9 triple-negative cases will be evaluated for EGFR and cytokeratin 5/6...point mutations and small indels will be validated by PCR amplification of the identified exons in tumor and matched normal DNA followed by PCR

Recovery and normalization of triple coincidences in PET.

PubMed

Lage, Eduardo; Parot, Vicente; Moore, Stephen C; Sitek, Arkadiusz; Udías, Jose M; Dave, Shivang R; Park, Mi-Ae; Vaquero, Juan J; Herraiz, Joaquin L

2015-03-01

Triple coincidences in positron emission tomography (PET) are events in which three γ-rays are detected simultaneously. These events, though potentially useful for enhancing the sensitivity of PET scanners, are discarded or processed without special consideration in current systems, because there is not a clear criterion for assigning them to a unique line-of-response (LOR). Methods proposed for recovering such events usually rely on the use of highly specialized detection systems, hampering general adoption, and/or are based on Compton-scatter kinematics and, consequently, are limited in accuracy by the energy resolution of standard PET detectors. In this work, the authors propose a simple and general solution for recovering triple coincidences, which does not require specialized detectors or additional energy resolution requirements. To recover triple coincidences, the authors' method distributes such events among their possible LORs using the relative proportions of double coincidences in these LORs. The authors show analytically that this assignment scheme represents the maximum-likelihood solution for the triple-coincidence distribution problem. The PET component of a preclinical PET/CT scanner was adapted to enable the acquisition and processing of triple coincidences. Since the efficiencies for detecting double and triple events were found to be different throughout the scanner field-of-view, a normalization procedure specific for triple coincidences was also developed. The effect of including triple coincidences using their method was compared against the cases of equally weighting the triples among their possible LORs and discarding all the triple events. The authors used as figures of merit for this comparison sensitivity, noise-equivalent count (NEC) rates and image quality calculated as described in the NEMA NU-4 protocol for the assessment of preclinical PET scanners. The addition of triple-coincidence events with the authors' method increased peak NEC rates of the scanner by 26.6% and 32% for mouse- and rat-sized objects, respectively. This increase in NEC-rate performance was also reflected in the image-quality metrics. Images reconstructed using double and triple coincidences recovered using their method had better signal-to-noise ratio than those obtained using only double coincidences, while preserving spatial resolution and contrast. Distribution of triple coincidences using an equal-weighting scheme increased apparent system sensitivity but degraded image quality. The performance boost provided by the inclusion of triple coincidences using their method allowed to reduce the acquisition time of standard imaging procedures by up to ∼25%. Recovering triple coincidences with the proposed method can effectively increase the sensitivity of current clinical and preclinical PET systems without compromising other parameters like spatial resolution or contrast.

Comprehensive analysis of all triple helical repeats in beta-spectrins reveals patterns of selective evolutionary conservation.

PubMed

Baines, Anthony J

2003-01-01

The spectrin superfamily (spectrin, alpha-actinin, utrophin and dystrophin) has in common a triple helical repeating unit of ~106 amino acid residues. In spectrin, alpha and beta chains contain multiple copies of this repeat. beta-spectrin chains contain the majority of binding activities in spectrin and are essential for animal life. Canonical beta-spectrins have 17 repeats; beta-heavy spectrins have 30. Here, the repeats of five human beta-spectrins, plus beta-spectrins from several other vertebrates and invertebrates, have been analysed. Repeats 1, 2, 14 and 17 in canonical beta are highly conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates, and repeat 8 in some isoforms. This is consistent with conservation of critical functions, since repeats 1, 2 and 17 bind alpha-spectrin. Repeats 1 of beta-spectrins are not always detected by SMART or Pfam tools. A profile hidden Markov model of beta-spectrin repeat 1 detects alpha-actinins, but not utrophin or dystrophin. Novel examples of repeat 1 were detected in the spectraplakins MACF1, BPAG1 and plectin close to the actin-binding domain. Ankyrin binds to the C-terminal portion of repeat 14; the high conservation of this entire repeat may point to additional, undiscovered ligand-binding activities. This analysis indicates that the basic triple helical repeat pattern was adapted early in the evolution of the spectrin superfamily to encompass essential binding activities, which characterise individual repeats in proteins extant today.

Platinum(II) 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of acetylides containing redox-active groups.

PubMed

Siemeling, Ulrich; Bausch, Kirstin; Fink, Heinrich; Bruhn, Clemens; Baldus, Marc; Angerstein, Brigitta; Plessow, Regina; Brockhinke, Andreas

2005-07-21

The new diimine ligand 3,8-di-n-pentyl-4,7-di(phenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (1) was used for the synthesis of a range of Pt(II) complexes, viz.[Pt(1)Cl2], [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2], [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2] and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-p-C6H4-C triple bond C-Fc)2](Fc = ferrocenyl). Crystal structure analyses were performed for [Pt(1)Cl2] and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2] and revealed that the di(acetylide)pi-tweezer of the latter binds a molecule of chloroform through C-H...pi hydrogen bonds. The redox and optical properties of 1 and its complexes were investigated by (spectro-)electrochemistry, UV-Vis and luminescence spectroscopy, and an energy level diagram was derived for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2] and related compounds on the basis of the data collected. The ferrocenyl-substituted Pt(II) complexes are donor-sensitiser assemblies. Intramolecular quenching of the photoexcited Pt(II) diimine unit leads to very short luminescence lifetimes for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-p-C(6)H(4)-C triple bond C-Fc)2](2 ns) and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2](0.3 ns), as opposed to [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2](0.7 micros). Excimer formation has been observed for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)(2)] at room temperature in dichloromethane and at low temperatures in frozen glassy dichloromethane and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution, but not in the solid state.

A four-way junction with triple-helical arms: design, characterization, and stability.

PubMed

Makube, N; Klump, H H

2000-05-01

The formation of the four-way junction containing four triple-helical arms has been demonstrated using chemical methods (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and chemical footprinting using OsO(4) as a probe) and physical methods (UV absorbance melting and DSC). The junction J(T1T3) was assembled from two 20-mer purine strands and two 44-mer pyrimidine strands. To determine the contribution of the different arms to the stability of the complete structure of J(T1T3), the junction was compared to two simplified substructures, J(T1) and J(T3), respectively. Common to these complexes is the underlying double-helical four-way junction Js. Addition of Na(+) had a profound effect on stabilizing and subsequently folding the junctions into the stacked X-structures. The following results support the structure present: (i) The native polyacrylamide electrophoresis exhibits only a single band(s) corresponding to one species present when all four single strands are mixed in equal amounts. (ii) OsO(4) modifications were investigated at pH 5.0 and in the presence of 10 mM Mg(2+) and 100 mM Na(+). There is no cleavage of thymine residues at the branch point and throughout the structure. (iii) The thermal unfolding of J(T1) and J(T3) illustrates that the triple-helical arms are more stable than the double-helical arms which are contained in these junctions and that J(T1T3) with four triple-helical arms is slightly more stable than J(T1) and J(T3). (iv) The calorimetric transition enthalpies determined for the arms of J(T1T3) are comparable to those associated with the unfolding of its corresponding arms in J(T1) and J(T3). The results also illustrate that the formation of the junctions is not restricted by the pH, [Na(+)], sequence composition of the arms, and/or the loop position. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: should we change our practice after the PIONEER AF-PCI and RE-DUAL PCI trials?

PubMed

Duerschmied, D; Brachmann, J; Darius, H; Frey, N; Katus, H A; Rottbauer, W; Schäfer, A; Thiele, H; Bode, C; Zeymer, Uwe

2018-04-20

The number of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasing. Since these patients have a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 1 or higher, they should be treated with oral anticoagulation to prevent stroke. However, combination therapy with oral anticoagulation for prevention of embolic stroke and dual platelet inhibition for prevention of coronary thrombosis significantly increases bleeding complications. The optimal combination, intensity and duration of antithrombotic combination therapy is still not known. In the rather small randomized WOEST trial, the combination of a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and clopidogrel decreased bleeding compared to the conventional triple therapy with VKA, clopidogrel and aspirin. In the PIONEER AF-PCI trial, two rivaroxaban-based treatment regimens significantly reduced bleeding complications compared to conventional triple therapy without increasing embolic or ischemic complications following PCI. Dual therapy with rivaroxaban and clopidogrel appeared to provide an optimal risk-benefit ratio. In the RE-DUAL PCI trial, dual therapy with dabigatran also reduced bleeding complications compared to conventional triple therapy. With respect to the composite efficacy end point of thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or systemic embolism), death, or unplanned revascularization dabigatran-based dual therapy was non-inferior to VKA-based triple therapy. The upcoming trials AUGUSTUS with apixaban and ENTRUST-PCI with edoxaban will further examine the use of NOACs in this setting. While recent guidelines recommend NOAC-based dual therapy in only a subset of patients (those who are at increased risk of bleeding), the available data now suggest that this should be the preferred choice for the majority of patients. Adding aspirin to this primary choice for up to 4 weeks in patients at especially high ischemic risk would likely prevent atherothrombotic events, but this needs further investigation. Taken together, it is time to adjust our practice and move to dual therapy consisting of a NOAC plus clopidogrel in most patients.

[Triple-type theory of statistics and its application in the scientific research of biomedicine].

PubMed

Hu, Liang-ping; Liu, Hui-gang

2005-07-20

To point out the crux of why so many people failed to grasp statistics and to bring forth a "triple-type theory of statistics" to solve the problem in a creative way. Based on the experience in long-time teaching and research in statistics, the "three-type theory" was raised and clarified. Examples were provided to demonstrate that the 3 types, i.e., expressive type, prototype and the standardized type are the essentials for people to apply statistics rationally both in theory and practice, and moreover, it is demonstrated by some instances that the "three types" are correlated with each other. It can help people to see the essence by interpreting and analyzing the problems of experimental designs and statistical analyses in medical research work. Investigations reveal that for some questions, the three types are mutually identical; for some questions, the prototype is their standardized type; however, for some others, the three types are distinct from each other. It has been shown that in some multifactor experimental researches, it leads to the nonexistence of the standardized type corresponding to the prototype at all, because some researchers have committed the mistake of "incomplete control" in setting experimental groups. This is a problem which should be solved by the concept and method of "division". Once the "triple-type" for each question is clarified, a proper experimental design and statistical method can be carried out easily. "Triple-type theory of statistics" can help people to avoid committing statistical mistakes or at least to decrease the misuse rate dramatically and improve the quality, level and speed of biomedical research during the process of applying statistics. It can also help people to improve the quality of statistical textbooks and the teaching effect of statistics and it has demonstrated how to advance biomedical statistics.

Transforming Regions into High-Performing Health Systems Toward the Triple Aim of Better Health, Better Care and Better Value for Canadians.

PubMed

Bergevin, Yves; Habib, Bettina; Elicksen-Jensen, Keesa; Samis, Stephen; Rochon, Jean; Denis, Jean-Louis; Roy, Denis

2016-01-01

A study on the impact of regionalization on the Triple Aim of Better Health, Better Care and Better Value across Canada in 2015 identified major findings including: (a) with regard to the Triple Aim, the Canadian situation is better than before but variable and partial, and Canada continues to underperform compared with other industrialized countries, especially in primary healthcare where it matters most; (b) provinces are converging toward a two-level health system (provincial/regional); (c) optimal size of regions is probably around 350,000-500,000 population; d) citizen and physician engagement remains weak. A realistic and attainable vision for high-performing regional health systems is presented together with a way forward, including seven areas for improvement: 1. Manage the integrated regionalized health systems as results-driven health programs; 2. Strengthen wellness promotion, public health and intersectoral action for health; 3. Ensure timely access to personalized primary healthcare/family health and to proximity services; 4. Involve physicians in clinical governance and leadership, and partner with them in accountability for results including the required changes in physician remuneration; 5. Engage citizens in shaping their own health destiny and their health system; 6. Strengthen health information systems, accelerate the deployment of electronic health records and ensure their interoperability with health information systems; 7. Foster a culture of excellence and continuous quality improvement. We propose a turning point for Canada, from Paradigm Freeze to Paradigm Shift: from hospital-centric episodic care toward evidence-informed population-based primary and community care with modern family health teams, ensuring integrated and coordinated care along the continuum, especially for high users. We suggest goals and targets for 2020 and time-bound federal/provincial/regional working groups toward reaching the identified goals and targets and placing Canada on a rapid path toward the Triple Aim.

Ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions of platinum(II) complexes with arylacetylide ligands with different chain lengths: spectroscopic characterization, effect of molecular conformations, and density functional theory calculations.

PubMed

Tong, Glenna So Ming; Law, Yuen-Chi; Kui, Steven C F; Zhu, Nianyong; Leung, King Hong; Phillips, David Lee; Che, Chi-Ming

2010-06-11

The complexes [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)R}](+) (n = 1: R = alkyl and aryl (Ar); n = 1-3: R = phenyl (Ph) or Ph-N(CH(3))(2)-4; n = 1 and 2, R = Ph-NH(2)-4; tBu(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and [Pt(Cl(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = tert-butyl (tBu), Ph, 9,9'-dibutylfluorene, 9,9'-dibutyl-7-dimethyl-amine-fluorene; Cl(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-trichloro-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) were prepared. The effects of substituent(s) on the terpyridine (tpy) and acetylide ligands and chain length of arylacetylide ligands on the absorption and emission spectra were examined. Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of [Pt(tBu(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-butyl, Ph, and C(6)H(4)-OCH(3)-4) obtained in acetonitrile at 298 K reveal that the structural distortion of the C[triple bond]C bond in the electronic excited state obtained by 502.9 nm excitation is substantially larger than that obtained by 416 nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations on [Pt(H(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-propyl (nPr), 2-pyridyl (Py)), [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)Ph}](+) (n = 1-3), and [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+)/+H(+) (n = 1-3; H(3)tpy = nonsubstituted terpyridine) at two different conformations were performed, namely, with the phenyl rings of the arylacetylide ligands coplanar ("cop") with and perpendicular ("per") to the H(3)tpy ligand. Combining the experimental data and calculated results, the two lowest energy absorption peak maxima, lambda(1) and lambda(2), of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl, R = aryl) are attributed to (1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] in the "cop" conformation and mixed (1)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] transitions in the "per" conformation. The lowest energy absorption peak lambda(1) for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-H-4}](+) (n = 1-3) shows a redshift with increasing chain length. However, for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C6H4C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1-3), lambda(1) shows a blueshift with increasing chain length n, but shows a redshift after the addition of acid. The emissions of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl) at 524-642 nm measured in dichloromethane at 298 K are assigned to the (3)[pi(C[triple bond]CAr)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states and mixed (3)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(3)[pi(C[triple bond]C)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states for R = aryl and alkyl groups, respectively. [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1 and 2) are nonemissive, and this is attributed to the small energy gap between the singlet ground state (S(0)) and the lowest triplet excited state (T(1)).

Hot Fire Ignition Test with Densified Liquid Hydrogen using a RL10B-2 Cryogenic H2/O2 Rocket Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McNelis, Nancy B.; Haberbusch, Mark S.

1997-01-01

Enhancements to propellants provide an opportunity to either increase performance of an existing vehicle, or reduce the size of a new vehicle. In the late 1980's the National AeroSpace Plane (NASP) reopened the technology chapter on densified propellants, in particular hydrogen. Since that point in time the NASA Lewis Research Center (LERC) in Cleveland, Ohio has been leading the way to provide critical research on the production and transfer of densified propellants. On October 4, 1996 NASA LeRC provided another key demonstration towards the advancement of densified propellants as a viable fuel. Successful ignition of an RL10B-2 engine was achieved with near triple point liquid hydrogen.

An ab initio study of the structure and dynamics of bulk liquid Ag and its liquid-vapor interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez Del Rio, Beatriz; Gonzalez Tesedo, Luis Enrique; Gonzalez Fernandez, David Jose

Several static and dynamic properties of bulk liquid Ag at a thermodynamic state near its triple point have been calculated by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated static structure shows a very good agreement with the available experimental data. The dynamical structure reveals collective density excitations with an associated dispersion relation which points to a small positive dispersion. Results are also reported at a slightly higher temperature in order to study the structure of the free liquid surface. The ionic density profile shows an oscillatory behaviour with two different wavelenghts, as the spacing between the outer and first inner layer is different from that between the other inner layers.

KEA-144: Final Results of the Ground Operations Demonstration Unit for Liquid Hydrogen (GODU-LH2) Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Notardonato, William; Fesmire, James; Swanger, Adam; Jumper, Kevin; Johnson, Wesley; Tomsik, Thomas

2017-01-01

GODU-LH2 system has successfully met all test objectives at the 33%, 67%, and 100% tank fill level. Complete control over the state of the fluid has been demonstrated using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage (IRAS). Almost any desired point along the H2saturation curve can essentially be "dialed in" and maintained indefinitely. System can also be used to produce densified hydrogen in large quantities to the triple point. Exploring multiple technology infusion paths. Studying implementation of IRAS technology into new LH2sphere for EM-2 at LC39B. Technical interchange also occurring with STMD, LSP, ULA, DoE, KIST, Kawasaki, Shell Oil, SpaceX, US Coast Guard, and Virgin Galactic.

Computer programs for thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen (tabcode-II)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roder, H. M.; Mccarty, R. D.; Hall, W. J.

1972-01-01

The thermodynamic and transport properties of para and equilibrium hydrogen have been programmed into a series of computer routines. Input variables are the pair's pressure-temperature and pressure-enthalpy. The programs cover the range from 1 to 5000 psia with temperatures from the triple point to 6000 R or enthalpies from minus 130 BTU/lb to 25,000 BTU/lb. Output variables are enthalpy or temperature, density, entropy, thermal conductivity, viscosity, at constant volume, the heat capacity ratio, and a heat transfer parameter. Property values on the liquid and vapor boundaries are conveniently obtained through two small routines. The programs achieve high speed by using linear interpolation in a grid of precomputed points which define the surface of the property returned.

Alternate-strand triple-helix formation by the 3'-3'-linked oligodeoxynucleotides with the intercalators at the junction point.

PubMed

Ueno, Y; Mikawa, M; Hoshika, S; Takeba, M; Kitade, Y; Matsuda, A

2001-01-01

3'-3'-Linked oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with the anthraquinonyl group at the junction point were synthesized on a DNA synthesizer using a controlled pore glass (CPG), which has pentaerythritol carrying the intercalator at one of the four hydroxymethyl groups. Stability of the triplexes with the target duplexes was studied by thermal denaturation. The 3'-3'-linked ODNs with the anthraquinonyl group enhanced the thermal stability of the triplexes when compared with those without the intercalator and the unmodified nonamer. The inhibitory activity of the 3'-3'-linked ODNs against the cleavage of the target DNA by the restriction enzyme Hind III was tested. It was found that the 3'-3'-linked ODN with the anthraquinonyl group at the junction point inhibited the cleavage by the enzyme more effectively than the nonamer and the 3'-3'-linked ODN without the intercalator.

Detailed study of the water trimer potential energy surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fowler, J.E.; Schaefer, H.F. III

The potential energy surface of the water trimer has been studied through the use of ab initio quantum mechanical methods. Five stationary points were located, including one minimum and two transition states. All geometries were optimized at levels up to the double-[Zeta] plus polarization plus diffuse (DZP + diff) single and double excitation coupled cluster (CCSD) level of theory. CCSD single energy points were obtained for the minimum, two transition states, and the water monomer using the triple-[Zeta] plus double polarization plus diffuse (TZ2P + diff) basis at the geometries predicted by the DZP + diff CCSD method. Reported aremore » the following: geometrical parameters, total and relative energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities for the minimum, and zero point vibrational energies for the minimum, two transition states, and three separated water molecules. 27 refs., 5 figs., 10 tabs.« less

Initiation of Insensitive High Explosives Using Multiple Wave Interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Francois, Elizabeth

Insensitive High Explosives (IHEs) increase safety in many types of weapons. However, the safety comes at the cost of performance. Initiation of IHE requires large boosters and powerful detonators as well. Multipoint initiation is being utilized to exploit explosive wave interactions to create overdriven states, greatly facilitating the initiation of IHEs. This presentation will focus on recent explosive experiments where the minimum spot size for single-point initiation in PBX 9502 was determined. Below this threshold, PBX 9502 could not be initiated. This was then expanded to three initiation points, which were smaller this threshold. Measurements of the velocity and pressure of the wave interactions were measured using Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). Initiation was observed, and the resulting pressures at the double and triple points were found to be above the CJ state for PBX 9502. Further testing will be performed using cutback experiments to isolate the overdriven state, and quantify the duration of the phenomenon.

PVT properties and vapor-pressures of ordinary water substance in the critical region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morita, T.; Sato, H.; Uematsu, M.; Watanabe, K.

1989-03-01

For the purpose of revealing the rather complicated thermodynamic surface of ordinary water substance in the critical region, a series of measurements of the PVT properties and the vapor-pressures of this technically important fluid have been performed by means of a constant-volume method. Ninety-three PVT measurements along 14 isotherms between 638.15 K and 652.15 K have been completed covering pressures from 18.5 to 39.2 MPa and densities from 122 to 610kg/m 3. Twenty-six vapor-pressure measurements have also been performed at temperatures between 620.15 K and 647.05 K in the near vicinity of the critical point. Our measurements are compared with other available experimental data as well as with several equations of state. We also propose a new vapor-pressure correlation from the triple point to the critical point.

Erratum to: Reducing Preschoolers' Disruptive Behavior in Public with a Brief Parent Discussion Group.

PubMed

Joachim, Sabine; Sanders, Matthew R; Turner, Karen M T

2015-10-01

The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is owned by the University of Queensland (UQ). The University through its main technology transfer company UniQuest Pty Limited has licensed Triple P International Pty Ltd to disseminate the program worldwide. Royalties stemming from this dissemination activity are distributed to the Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, UQ; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences at UQ; and contributory authors. No author has any share or ownership in Triple P International Pty Ltd. Matthew Sanders is the founder and an author on various Triple P programs and a consultant to Triple P International. Karen Turner is an author of various Triple P programs.

A reconstruction theorem for Connes-Landi deformations of commutative spectral triples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ćaćić, Branimir

2015-12-01

We formulate and prove an extension of Connes's reconstruction theorem for commutative spectral triples to so-called Connes-Landi or isospectral deformations of commutative spectral triples along the action of a compact Abelian Lie group G, also known as toric noncommutative manifolds. In particular, we propose an abstract definition for such spectral triples, where noncommutativity is entirely governed by a deformation parameter sitting in the second group cohomology of the Pontryagin dual of G, and then show that such spectral triples are well-behaved under further Connes-Landi deformation, thereby allowing for both quantisation from and dequantisation to G-equivariant abstract commutative spectral triples. We then use a refinement of the Connes-Dubois-Violette splitting homomorphism to conclude that suitable Connes-Landi deformations of commutative spectral triples by a rational deformation parameter are almost-commutative in the general, topologically non-trivial sense.

Defining Genomic Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

African and African - American breast cancer cases. Gene Expression Array Studies The 31 triple negative Kijabe samples were... American Adjacent Normal Breast Tissue PI: Pegram & Baumbach Defining Genomic Changes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Women of African ...Tissues from African - American and East African Patients with Triple Negative Breast

Structure-function relationship in the globular type III antifreeze protein: identification of a cluster of surface residues required for binding to ice.

PubMed Central

Chao, H.; Sönnichsen, F. D.; DeLuca, C. I.; Sykes, B. D.; Davies, P. L.

1994-01-01

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) depress the freezing point of aqueous solutions by binding to and inhibiting the growth of ice. Whereas the ice-binding surface of some fish AFPs is suggested by their linear, repetitive, hydrogen bonding motifs, the 66-amino-acid-long Type III AFP has a compact, globular fold without any obvious periodicity. In the structure, 9 beta-strands are paired to form 2 triple-stranded antiparallel sheets and 1 double-stranded antiparallel sheet, with the 2 triple sheets arranged as an orthogonal beta-sandwich (Sönnichsen FD, Sykes BD, Chao H, Davies PL, 1993, Science 259:1154-1157). Based on its structure and an alignment of Type III AFP isoform sequences, a cluster of conserved, polar, surface-accessible amino acids (N14, T18, Q44, and N46) was noted on and around the triple-stranded sheet near the C-terminus. At 3 of these sites, mutations that switched amide and hydroxyl groups caused a large decrease in antifreeze activity, but amide to carboxylic acid changes produced AFPs that were fully active at pH 3 and pH 6. This is consistent with the observation that Type III AFP is optimally active from pH 2 to pH 11. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, Q44T, N14S, and T18N had 50%, 25%, and 10% of the activity of wild-type antifreeze, respectively. The effects of the mutations were cumulative, such that the double mutant N14S/Q44T had 10% of the wild-type activity and the triple mutant N14S/T18N/Q44T had no activity. All mutants with reduced activity were shown to be correctly folded by NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, a complete characterization of the triple mutant by 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy indicated that the individual and combined mutations did not significantly alter the structure of these proteins. These results suggest that the C-terminal beta-sheet of Type III AFP is primarily responsible for antifreeze activity, and they identify N14, T18, and Q44 as key residues for the AFP-ice interaction. PMID:7849594

Electrons at the monkey saddle: a multicritical Lifshitz point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shtyk, Alex; Goldstein, Garry; Chamon, Claudio

We consider 2D interacting electrons at a monkey saddle with dispersion px3 - 3pxpy2 . Such a dispersion naturally arises at the multicritical Lifshitz point when three van Hove saddles merge in an elliptical umbilic elementary catastrophe, which we show can be realized in biased bilayer graphene. A multicritical Lifshitz point of this kind can be identified by its signature Landau level behavior Em (Bm) 3 / 2 and related oscillations in thermodynamic and transport properties, such as de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, whose period triples as the system crosses the singularity. We show, in the case of a single monkey saddle, that the non-interacting electron fixed point is unstable to interactions under the renormalization group flow, developing either a superconducting instability or non-Fermi liquid features. Biased bilayer graphene, where there are two non-nested monkey saddles at the K and K' points, exhibits an interplay of competing many-body instabilities, namely s-wave superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and spin- and charge-density wave. DOE DE-FG02-06ER46316.

Characterization of triple layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otero, Toribio F.; Cortes, M. Teresa

2001-07-01

We reported the characterization of a macroscopic electrochemomechanical actuator like triple layer (3x1 cm) formed by polypyrrole)/double- sided, non-conducting and flexible tape/ polypyrrole that works in liquid electrolytes under electrochemical control. This triple layer has characteristics of artificial muscle. The influence of variables that control the volume change in the polymer as electrolyte concentration, or temperature has been studied. Variations of time, energy and charge under different conditions are described. We have found that the triple layer acts, at the same time, as sensor and actuator. Therefore, physical magnitudes like the electrolyte concentration or the temperature in the cell can be obtained from electrical energy consumed by a muscle. We have evaluated the influence of variables as area of the triple layer or the trailing weight, which don't participate in the electrochemical reaction. We propose an explication to the results, which show a correlation between the trailed mass and the consumed charge required to move a constant angle those masses by the triple layer. When different surface areas of the triple layer has been evaluated we found that the consumed electrical charge is proportional to area (the mass) of the triple layer. The triple layer can make macroscopical movements in short times, their position is absolutely controlled with the electrical charge, and it has capacity to lift masses. These characteristics allow their use in the design of tools. So, we present a macroscopic tool constituted by two triple layers, which allows catch and translate objects in liquid medium (nipper).

MYC/BCL2/BCL6 triple hit lymphoma: a study of 40 patients with a comparison to MYC/BCL2 and MYC/BCL6 double hit lymphomas.

PubMed

Huang, Wenting; Medeiros, L Jeffrey; Lin, Pei; Wang, Wei; Tang, Guilin; Khoury, Joseph; Konoplev, Sergej; Yin, C Cameron; Xu, Jie; Oki, Yasuhiro; Li, Shaoying

2018-05-21

High-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements (triple hit lymphoma) are uncommon. We studied the clinicopathologic features of 40 patients with triple hit lymphoma and compared them to 157 patients with MYC/BCL2 double hit lymphoma and 13 patients with MYC/BCL6 double hit lymphoma. The triple hit lymphoma group included 25 men and 15 women with a median age of 61 years (range, 34-85). Nine patients had a history of B-cell lymphoma. Histologically, 23 (58%) cases were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 17 cases had features of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Most cases of triple hit lymphoma were positive for CD10 (100%), BCL2 (95%), BCL6 (82%), MYC (74%), and 71% with MYC and BCL2 coexpression. P53 was overexpressed in 29% of triple hit lymphoma cases. The clinicopathological features of triple hit lymphoma patients were similar to patients with MYC/BCL2 and MYC/BCL6 double hit lymphoma, except that triple hit lymphoma cases were more often CD10 positive compared with MYC/BCL6 double hit lymphoma (p < 0.05). Induction chemotherapy used was similar for patients with triple hit lymphoma and double hit lymphoma and overall survival in triple hit lymphoma patients was 17.6 months, similar to the overall survival of patients with double hit lymphoma (p = 0.67). Patients with triple hit lymphoma showing P53 overexpression had significantly worse overall survival compared with those without P53 overexpression (p = 0.04). On the other hand, double expressor status and prior history of B-cell lymphoma did not correlate with overall survival. In conclusion, most patients with triple hit lymphoma have an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis and these tumors have a germinal center B-cell immunophenotype, similar to patients with double hit lymphomas. P53 expression is a poor prognostic factor in patients with triple hit lymphoma.

Recovery and normalization of triple coincidences in PET

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lage, Eduardo, E-mail: elage@mit.edu; Parot, Vicente; Dave, Shivang R.

2015-03-15

Purpose: Triple coincidences in positron emission tomography (PET) are events in which three γ-rays are detected simultaneously. These events, though potentially useful for enhancing the sensitivity of PET scanners, are discarded or processed without special consideration in current systems, because there is not a clear criterion for assigning them to a unique line-of-response (LOR). Methods proposed for recovering such events usually rely on the use of highly specialized detection systems, hampering general adoption, and/or are based on Compton-scatter kinematics and, consequently, are limited in accuracy by the energy resolution of standard PET detectors. In this work, the authors propose amore » simple and general solution for recovering triple coincidences, which does not require specialized detectors or additional energy resolution requirements. Methods: To recover triple coincidences, the authors’ method distributes such events among their possible LORs using the relative proportions of double coincidences in these LORs. The authors show analytically that this assignment scheme represents the maximum-likelihood solution for the triple-coincidence distribution problem. The PET component of a preclinical PET/CT scanner was adapted to enable the acquisition and processing of triple coincidences. Since the efficiencies for detecting double and triple events were found to be different throughout the scanner field-of-view, a normalization procedure specific for triple coincidences was also developed. The effect of including triple coincidences using their method was compared against the cases of equally weighting the triples among their possible LORs and discarding all the triple events. The authors used as figures of merit for this comparison sensitivity, noise-equivalent count (NEC) rates and image quality calculated as described in the NEMA NU-4 protocol for the assessment of preclinical PET scanners. Results: The addition of triple-coincidence events with the authors’ method increased peak NEC rates of the scanner by 26.6% and 32% for mouse- and rat-sized objects, respectively. This increase in NEC-rate performance was also reflected in the image-quality metrics. Images reconstructed using double and triple coincidences recovered using their method had better signal-to-noise ratio than those obtained using only double coincidences, while preserving spatial resolution and contrast. Distribution of triple coincidences using an equal-weighting scheme increased apparent system sensitivity but degraded image quality. The performance boost provided by the inclusion of triple coincidences using their method allowed to reduce the acquisition time of standard imaging procedures by up to ∼25%. Conclusions: Recovering triple coincidences with the proposed method can effectively increase the sensitivity of current clinical and preclinical PET systems without compromising other parameters like spatial resolution or contrast.« less

[Impact of disabling chronic pain: results of a cross-sectional population study with face-to-face interview].

PubMed

Cabrera-Leon, Andrés; Cantero-Braojos, Miguel Ángel

2017-11-16

To assess the impact of disabling chronic pain (DCP) on quality of life, work, consumption of medication and usage of health services. Cross-sectional population study with face-to-face interview. Andalusian Health Survey (2011 edition). 6,507 people over the age of 16 (p=q=0.5; confidence level=95%; sampling error=1.49, design effect=1.52). Not applicable. Dependent variable: DCP: population limited in their activity by any of the CP specified in the survey. quality of life, absence from work, consumption of medication and utilization of health services. Compared to a population without CP, DCP impact is 6 points less on the mental quality of life and 12 points on the physical one, medication consumption is triple, health services utilization is almost double, and long absence from work is triple. On the other hand, a population with nondisabling chronic pain (nDCP) presents similar results to a population without CP. We have considered DCP as another CP category because of its huge impact, as is shown in our study, on the study variables. On the contrary, the population with nDCP does not obtain significant impact differences when compared to the population without CP. Therefore, we believe that Primary Care and Public Health should lead different prevention strategies for DCP as well as for the identification of the nDCP population to decrease its possible deterioration towards DCP. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Thermodynamics and Equations of State of Iron to 350 GPa and 6000 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorogokupets, P. I.; Dymshits, A. M.; Litasov, K. D.; Sokolova, T. S.

2017-03-01

The equations of state for solid (with bcc, fcc, and hcp structures) and liquid phases of Fe were defined via simultaneous optimization of the heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and volume at room and higher temperatures. The calculated triple points at the phase diagram have the following parameters: bcc-fcc-hcp is located at 7.3 GPa and 820 K, bcc-fcc-liquid at 5.2 GPa and 1998 K, and fcc-hcp-liquid at 106.5 GPa and 3787 K. At conditions near the fcc-hcp-liquid triple point, the Clapeyron slope of the fcc-liquid curve is dT/dP = 12.8 K/GPa while the slope of the hcp-liquid curve is higher (dT/dP = 13.7 K/GPa). Therefore, the hcp-liquid curve overlaps the metastable fcc-liquid curve at pressures of about 160 GPa. At high-pressure conditions, the metastable bcc-hcp curve is located inside the fcc-Fe or liquid stability field. The density, adiabatic bulk modulus and P-wave velocity of liquid Fe calculated up to 328.9 GPa at adiabatic temperature conditions started from 5882 K (outer/inner core boundary) were compared to the PREM seismological model. We determined the density deficit of hcp-Fe at the inner core boundary (T = 5882 K and P = 328.9 GPa) to be 4.4%.

Thermodynamics and Equations of State of Iron to 350 GPa and 6000 K.

PubMed

Dorogokupets, P I; Dymshits, A M; Litasov, K D; Sokolova, T S

2017-03-06

The equations of state for solid (with bcc, fcc, and hcp structures) and liquid phases of Fe were defined via simultaneous optimization of the heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and volume at room and higher temperatures. The calculated triple points at the phase diagram have the following parameters: bcc-fcc-hcp is located at 7.3 GPa and 820 K, bcc-fcc-liquid at 5.2 GPa and 1998 K, and fcc-hcp-liquid at 106.5 GPa and 3787 K. At conditions near the fcc-hcp-liquid triple point, the Clapeyron slope of the fcc-liquid curve is dT/dP = 12.8 K/GPa while the slope of the hcp-liquid curve is higher (dT/dP = 13.7 K/GPa). Therefore, the hcp-liquid curve overlaps the metastable fcc-liquid curve at pressures of about 160 GPa. At high-pressure conditions, the metastable bcc-hcp curve is located inside the fcc-Fe or liquid stability field. The density, adiabatic bulk modulus and P-wave velocity of liquid Fe calculated up to 328.9 GPa at adiabatic temperature conditions started from 5882 K (outer/inner core boundary) were compared to the PREM seismological model. We determined the density deficit of hcp-Fe at the inner core boundary (T = 5882 K and P = 328.9 GPa) to be 4.4%.

High pressure–temperature phase diagram of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bishop, Matthew M.; Velisavljevic, Nenad; Chellappa, Raja

In this study, the pressure–temperature (P–T) phase diagram of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was determined by in situ synchrotron infrared radiation spectroscopy with the resistively heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique. The stability of high-P–T FOX-7 polymorphs is established from ambient pressure up to 10 GPa and temperatures until decomposition. The phase diagram indicates two near isobaric phase boundaries at ~2 GPa (α → I) and ~5 GPa (I → II) that persists from 25 °C until the onset of decomposition at ~300 °C. In addition, the ambient pressure, high-temperature α → β phase transition (~111 °C) lies along a steep boundarymore » (~100 °C/GPa) with a α–β–δ triple point at ~1 GPa and 300 °C. A 0.9 GPa isobaric temperature ramping measurement indicates a limited stability range for the γ-phase between 0.5 and 0.9 GPa and 180 and 260 °C, terminating in a β–γ–δ triple point. With increasing pressure, the δ-phase exhibited a small negative dT/dP slope (up to ~0.2 GPa) before turning over to a positive 70 °C/GPa slope, at higher pressures. The decomposition boundary (~55 °C/GPa) was identified through the emergence of spectroscopic signatures of the characteristic decomposition products as well as trapped inclusions within the solid KBr pressure media.« less

IN12-UFO: new frontiers for cold triple-axis spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, Wolfgang; Ohl, Michael

2006-11-01

The IN12 instrument is operated by the Research Centre at Jülich in collaboration with CEA Grenoble as a CRG-B instrument at the Institute Laue Langevin in Grenoble. As a triple-axis spectrometer for cold neutrons it is dedicated for high-resolution studies of low-energy excitations. To meet further challenges as a state-of-the-art instrument we will now upgrade IN12 with a multi-analyzer option. IN12 will then be equipped with a large 2-dimensional position sensitive detector and an array of 15 individual analyser blades which can be rotated and positioned separately in order to map the scattered beam on a user-chosen path in Q- ω-space. We refer to this set-up as IN12-UFO (Universal Focusing Option). The innovative flexibility of the analyzer array is realized by completely non-magnetic drive mechanisms where all relevant parameters are controlled by an absolute encoding system. This mechanics allows to position the individual analyzers so that (a) there are no gaps or overlaps as seen from the sample (optimum coverage) and (b) all reflected beams from the analyzers meet at one single focus point on their way to different spots on the detector surface. The focus point is controlled by a movable diaphragm and provides the only opening between analyzer and detector shielding to prevent cross-talk and to keep the background low. We will present further details of this set-up and demonstrate its flexibility and multiplex advantages for specific physical applications.

Calculation of the absolute free energy of a smectic-A phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Chien-Cheng; Ramachandran, Sanoop; Ryckaert, Jean-Paul

2014-12-01

In this paper, we provide a scheme to compute the absolute free energy of a smectic-A phase via the "indirect method." The state of interest is connected through a three-step reversible path to a reference state. This state consists of a low-density layer of rods coupled to two external fields maintaining these rods close to the layer's plane and oriented preferably normal to the layer. The low-density free energy of the reference state can be computed on the basis of the relevant second virial coefficients between two rods coupled to the two external fields. We apply this technique to the Gay-Berne potential for calamitics with a parameter set leading to stable isotropic (I), nematic (N), smectic-A (SmA), and crystal (Cr) phases. We locate the I-SmA phase transition at low pressure and the sequence of phase transitions I-N-SmA along higher-pressure isobars and we establish the location of the I-N-SmA triple point. Close to this triple point, we show that the N-SmA transition is clearly first order. Our results are compared to the coexistence lines of the approximate phase diagram elucidated by de Miguel et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 11183 (2004), 10.1063/1.1810472] established through the direct observation of the sequence of phase transitions occurring along isobars under heating or cooling sequences of runs. Finally, we discuss the potential of our technique in studying similar transitions observed on layered phases under confinement.

A new ab initio potential energy surface for the collisional excitation of HCN by para- and ortho-H{sub 2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Denis-Alpizar, Otoniel, E-mail: otonieldenisalpizar@gmail.com; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas 40100; Kalugina, Yulia

We present a new four-dimensional potential energy surface for the collisional excitation of HCN by H{sub 2}. Ab initio calculations of the HCN–H{sub 2} van der Waals complex, considering both molecules as rigid rotors, were carried out at the explicitly correlated coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)-F12a] level of theory using an augmented correlation-consistent triple zeta (aVTZ) basis set. The equilibrium structure is linear HCN–H{sub 2} with the nitrogen pointing towards H{sub 2} at an intermolecular separation of 7.20 a{sub 0}. The corresponding well depth is −195.20 cm{sup −1}. A secondary minimum of −183.59 cm{sup −1}more » was found for a T-shape configuration with the H of HCN pointing to the center of mass of H{sub 2}. We also determine the rovibrational energy levels of the HCN–para-H{sub 2} and HCN–ortho-H{sub 2} complexes. The calculated dissociation energies for the para and ortho complexes are 37.79 cm{sup −1} and 60.26 cm{sup −1}, respectively. The calculated ro-vibrational transitions in the HCN–H{sub 2} complex are found to agree by more than 0.5% with the available experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the potential energy surface.« less

MST Pellet Injector Upgrades to Probe Beta and Density Limits and Impurity Particle Transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caspary, K. J.; Chapman, B. E.; Anderson, J. K.; Kumar, S. T. A.; Limbach, S. T.; Oliva, S. P.; Sarff, J. S.; Waksman, J.; Combs, S. K.; Foust, C. R.

2012-10-01

Upgrades to the pellet injector on MST will allow for significantly increased fueling capability enabling density limit studies for previously unavailable density regimes. Thus far, Greenwald fractions of 1.2 and 1.5 have been achieved in 500 kA and 200 kA improved confinement plasmas, respectively. The size of the pellet guide tubes, which constrain the lateral motion of the pellet in flight, was increased to accommodate pellets of up to 4.0 mm in diameter, capable of fueling to Greenwald fractions > 2.0 for MST's peak current of 600 kA. Exploring the effect of increased density on NBI deposition shows that for MST's NBI, core deposition of 25 keV neutrals is optimized for densities of 2 -- 3 x 10^19 m-3. This is key for beta limit studies in pellet fueled discharges with improved confinement where maximum NBI heating is desired. In addition, a modification to the injector has allowed operation using alternative pellet fuels with triple points significantly higher than that of deuterium (18.7 K). A small flow of helium into the pellet formation vacuum chamber introduces a controllable heat source capable of elevating the operating temperature of the injector. Injection of methane pellets with a triple point of 90.7 K results in a 12-fold increase in the core carbon impurity density. The flow rate is easily adjusted to optimize injector operating temperature for other fuel gases as well. Work supported by US DoE.

Thermodynamics and Equations of State of Iron to 350 GPa and 6000 K

PubMed Central

Dorogokupets, P. I.; Dymshits, A. M.; Litasov, K. D.; Sokolova, T. S.

2017-01-01

The equations of state for solid (with bcc, fcc, and hcp structures) and liquid phases of Fe were defined via simultaneous optimization of the heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and volume at room and higher temperatures. The calculated triple points at the phase diagram have the following parameters: bcc–fcc–hcp is located at 7.3 GPa and 820 K, bcc–fcc–liquid at 5.2 GPa and 1998 K, and fcc–hcp–liquid at 106.5 GPa and 3787 K. At conditions near the fcc–hcp–liquid triple point, the Clapeyron slope of the fcc–liquid curve is dT/dP = 12.8 K/GPa while the slope of the hcp–liquid curve is higher (dT/dP = 13.7 K/GPa). Therefore, the hcp–liquid curve overlaps the metastable fcc–liquid curve at pressures of about 160 GPa. At high-pressure conditions, the metastable bcc–hcp curve is located inside the fcc-Fe or liquid stability field. The density, adiabatic bulk modulus and P-wave velocity of liquid Fe calculated up to 328.9 GPa at adiabatic temperature conditions started from 5882 K (outer/inner core boundary) were compared to the PREM seismological model. We determined the density deficit of hcp-Fe at the inner core boundary (T = 5882 K and P = 328.9 GPa) to be 4.4%. PMID:28262683

High pressure–temperature phase diagram of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7)

DOE PAGES

Bishop, Matthew M.; Velisavljevic, Nenad; Chellappa, Raja; ...

2015-08-27

In this study, the pressure–temperature (P–T) phase diagram of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was determined by in situ synchrotron infrared radiation spectroscopy with the resistively heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique. The stability of high-P–T FOX-7 polymorphs is established from ambient pressure up to 10 GPa and temperatures until decomposition. The phase diagram indicates two near isobaric phase boundaries at ~2 GPa (α → I) and ~5 GPa (I → II) that persists from 25 °C until the onset of decomposition at ~300 °C. In addition, the ambient pressure, high-temperature α → β phase transition (~111 °C) lies along a steep boundarymore » (~100 °C/GPa) with a α–β–δ triple point at ~1 GPa and 300 °C. A 0.9 GPa isobaric temperature ramping measurement indicates a limited stability range for the γ-phase between 0.5 and 0.9 GPa and 180 and 260 °C, terminating in a β–γ–δ triple point. With increasing pressure, the δ-phase exhibited a small negative dT/dP slope (up to ~0.2 GPa) before turning over to a positive 70 °C/GPa slope, at higher pressures. The decomposition boundary (~55 °C/GPa) was identified through the emergence of spectroscopic signatures of the characteristic decomposition products as well as trapped inclusions within the solid KBr pressure media.« less

Linkage of interactions in sickle hemoglobin fiber assembly: inhibitory effect emanating from mutations in the AB region of the alpha-chain is annulled by a mutation at its EF corner.

PubMed

Sudha, Rajamani; Anantharaman, Lavanya; Sivaram, Mylavarapu V S; Mirsamadi, Neda; Choudhury, Devapriya; Lohiya, Nirmal K; Gupta, Rasik B; Roy, Rajendra P

2004-05-07

The AB and GH regions of the alpha-chain are located in spatial proximity and contain a cluster of intermolecular contact residues of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) fiber. We have examined the role of dynamics of AB/GH region on HbS polymerization through simultaneous replacement of non-contact Ala(19) and Ala(21) of the AB corner with more flexible Gly or rigid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues. The polymerization behavior of HbS with Aib substitutions was similar to the native HbS. In contrast, Gly substitutions inhibited HbS polymerization. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of alpha-chains indicated that coordinated motion of AB and GH region residues present in native (Ala) as well as in Aib mutant was disrupted in the Gly mutant. The inhibitory effect due to Gly substitutions was further explored in triple mutants that included mutation of an inter-doublestrand contact (alphaAsn(78) --> His or Gln) at the EF corner. Although the inhibitory effect of Gly substitutions in the triple mutant was unaffected in the presence of alphaGln(78), His at this site almost abrogated its inhibitory potential. The polymerization studies of point mutants (alphaGln(78) --> His) indicated that the inhibitory effect due to Gly substitutions in the triple mutant was synergistically compensated for by the polymerization-enhancing activity of His(78). Similar synergistic coupling, between alphaHis(78) and an intra-double-strand contact point (alpha16) mutation located in the AB region, was also observed. Thus, two conclusions are made: (i) Gly mutations at the AB corner inhibit HbS polymerization by perturbing the dynamics of the AB/GH region, and (ii) perturbations of AB region (through changes in dynamics of the AB/GH region or abolition of a specific fiber contact site) that influence HbS polymerization do so in concert with alpha78 site at the EF corner. The overall results provide insights about the interaction-linkage between distant regions of the HbS tetramer in fiber assembly.

Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PubMed

Charpentier, G; Halimi, S

2009-09-01

This study assessed the efficacy of add-on pioglitazone vs. placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin and a sulphonylurea or a glinide. This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized 299 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive 30 mg/day pioglitazone or placebo for 3 months. After this time, patients continued with pioglitazone, either 30 mg [if glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA(1c)) 6.5%), or placebo for a further 4 months. The primary efficacy end-point was improvement in HbA(1c) (per cent change). Secondary end-points included changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin and lipids. The proinsulin/insulin ratio and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were calculated. Pioglitazone add-on therapy to failing metformin and sulphonylurea or glinide combination therapy showed statistically more significant glycaemic control than placebo addition. The between-group difference after 7 months of triple therapy was 1.18% in HbA(1c) and -2.56 mmol/l for FPG (p < 0.001). Almost half (44.4%) of the patients in the pioglitazone group who had a baseline HbA(1c) level of <8.5% achieved the HbA(1c) target of < 7.0% by final visit compared with 4.9% in the placebo group. When the baseline HbA(1c) level was >or= 8.5%, 13% achieved the HbA(1c) target of < 7.0% in the pioglitazone group and none in the placebo group. HOMA-IR, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide decreased and HOMA-B increased in the pioglitazone group relative to the placebo group. In patients who were not well controlled with dual combination therapy, the early addition of pioglitazone improved HbA(1c), FPG and surrogate measures of beta-cell function. Patients were more likely to reach target HbA(1c) levels (< 7.0%) with pioglitazone treatment if their baseline HbA(1c) levels were < 8.5%, highlighting the importance of early triple therapy.

Detailed statistical contact angle analyses; "slow moving" drops on inclining silicon-oxide surfaces.

PubMed

Schmitt, M; Groß, K; Grub, J; Heib, F

2015-06-01

Contact angle determination by sessile drop technique is essential to characterise surface properties in science and in industry. Different specific angles can be observed on every solid which are correlated with the advancing or the receding of the triple line. Different procedures and definitions for the determination of specific angles exist which are often not comprehensible or reproducible. Therefore one of the most important things in this area is to build standard, reproducible and valid methods for determining advancing/receding contact angles. This contribution introduces novel techniques to analyse dynamic contact angle measurements (sessile drop) in detail which are applicable for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric drops. Not only the recently presented fit solution by sigmoid function and the independent analysis of the different parameters (inclination, contact angle, velocity of the triple point) but also the dependent analysis will be firstly explained in detail. These approaches lead to contact angle data and different access on specific contact angles which are independent from "user-skills" and subjectivity of the operator. As example the motion behaviour of droplets on flat silicon-oxide surfaces after different surface treatments is dynamically measured by sessile drop technique when inclining the sample plate. The triple points, the inclination angles, the downhill (advancing motion) and the uphill angles (receding motion) obtained by high-precision drop shape analysis are independently and dependently statistically analysed. Due to the small covered distance for the dependent analysis (<0.4mm) and the dominance of counted events with small velocity the measurements are less influenced by motion dynamics and the procedure can be called "slow moving" analysis. The presented procedures as performed are especially sensitive to the range which reaches from the static to the "slow moving" dynamic contact angle determination. They are characterised by small deviations of the computed values. Additional to the detailed introduction of this novel analytical approaches plus fit solution special motion relations for the drop on inclined surfaces and detailed relations about the reactivity of the freshly cleaned silicon wafer surface resulting in acceleration behaviour (reactive de-wetting) are presented. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combinatorial Effects of Lapatinib and Rapamycin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

PubMed Central

Liu, Tongrui; Yacoub, Rami; Taliaferro-Smith, LaTonia D.; Sun, Shi-Yong; Graham, Tisheeka R.; Dolan, Ryan; Lobo, Christine; Tighiouart, Mourad; Yang, Lily; Adams, Amy; O'Regan, Ruth M.

2016-01-01

Triple-negative breast cancers, which lack estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu overexpression, account for approximately 15% of breast cancers, but occur more commonly in African Americans. The poor survival outcomes seen with triple-negative breast cancers patients are, in part, due to a lack of therapeutic targets. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 50% of triple-negative breast cancers, but EGFR inhibitors have not been effective in patients with metastatic breast cancers. However, mTOR inhibition has been shown to reverse resistance to EGFR inhibitors. We examined the combination effects of mTOR inhibition with EGFR inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. The combination of EGFR inhibition by using lapatinib and mTOR inhibition with rapamycin resulted in significantly greater cytotoxicity than the single agents alone and these effects were synergistic in vitro. The combination of rapamycin and lapatinib significantly decreased growth of triple-negative breast cancers in vivo compared with either agent alone. EGFR inhibition abrogated the expression of rapamycin-induced activated Akt in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. The combination of EGFR and mTOR inhibition resulted in increased apoptosis in some, but not all, triple-negative cell lines, and these apoptotic effects correlated with a decrease in activated eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E). These results suggest that mTOR inhibitors could sensitize a subset of triple-negative breast cancers to EGFR inhibitors. Given the paucity of effective targeted agents in triple-negative breast cancers, these results warrant further evaluation. PMID:21690228

Analysis of the Properties of Working Substances for the Organic Rankine Cycle based Database "REFPROP"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galashov, Nikolay; Tsibulskiy, Svyatoslav; Serova, Tatiana

2016-02-01

The object of the study are substances that are used as a working fluid in systems operating on the basis of an organic Rankine cycle. The purpose of research is to find substances with the best thermodynamic, thermal and environmental properties. Research conducted on the basis of the analysis of thermodynamic and thermal properties of substances from the base "REFPROP" and with the help of numerical simulation of combined-cycle plant utilization triple cycle, where the lower cycle is an organic Rankine cycle. Base "REFPROP" describes and allows to calculate the thermodynamic and thermophysical parameters of most of the main substances used in production processes. On the basis of scientific publications on the use of working fluids in an organic Rankine cycle analysis were selected ozone-friendly low-boiling substances: ammonia, butane, pentane and Freon: R134a, R152a, R236fa and R245fa. For these substances have been identified and tabulated molecular weight, temperature of the triple point, boiling point, at atmospheric pressure, the parameters of the critical point, the value of the derivative of the temperature on the entropy of the saturated vapor line and the potential ozone depletion and global warming. It was also identified and tabulated thermodynamic and thermophysical parameters of the steam and liquid substances in a state of saturation at a temperature of 15 °C. This temperature is adopted as the minimum temperature of heat removal in the Rankine cycle when working on the water. Studies have shown that the best thermodynamic, thermal and environmental properties of the considered substances are pentane, butane and R245fa. For a more thorough analysis based on a gas turbine plant NK-36ST it has developed a mathematical model of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) triple cycle, where the lower cycle is an organic Rankine cycle, and is used as the air cooler condenser. Air condenser allows stating material at a temperature below 0 °C. Calculation of the parameters of all substances in the model are based on a base "REFPROP". Numerical investigations on this model showed that the highest net efficiency will be at work on pentane. Butane and R245fa have the same net efficiency, for 0.8% lower than pentane. Ammonia has a net efficiency of 2.5% is lower than pentane. CCP net efficiency strongly depends on the condensation temperature of the substance, as for pentane at lower temperature of condensation at 10 °C it is increased by 1%.

40 CFR 60.231 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... facility manufacturing triple superphosphate by reacting phosphate rock with phosphoric acid. A run-of-pile triple superphosphate plant includes curing and storing. (b) Run-of-pile triple superphosphate means any...

Is Three a Crowd? Exploring the Development and Satisfaction of Students in Triples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Larry D.; Kujawa, Kyle

2015-01-01

Tripling, the assignment of a third resident to a room designed for two, is a common practice at many colleges and universities across the United States. Most of the research on tripling was conducted three or four decades ago, and research exploring how living in a triple affects the educational gains and satisfaction of college students is…

Evaluate Risk/Benefit of Nab Paclitaxel in Combination With Gemcitabine and Carboplatin Compared to Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-07

Breast Tumor; Breast Cancer; Cancer of the Breast; Estrogen Receptor- Negative Breast Cancer; HER2- Negative Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor- Negative Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-negative Breast Cancer; Triple-negative Metastatic Breast Cancer; Metastatic Breast Cancer

Kinetics and dynamics of the C(3P) + H2O reaction on a full-dimensional accurate triplet state potential energy surface.

PubMed

Li, Jun; Xie, Changjian; Guo, Hua

2017-08-30

A full dimensional accurate potential energy surface (PES) for the C( 3 P) and H 2 O reaction is developed based on ∼34 000 data points calculated at the level of the explicitly correlated unrestricted coupled cluster method with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations with the augmented correlation-consistent polarized triple zeta basis set (CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ). The PES is invariant with respect to the permutation of the two hydrogen atoms and the total root mean square error (RMSE) of the fit is only 0.31 kcal mol -1 . The PES features two barriers in the entrance channel and several potential minima, as well as multiple product channels. The rate coefficients of this reaction calculated using a transition-state theory and quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method are small near room temperature, consistent with experiments. The reaction dynamics is also investigated with QCT on the new PES, which found that the reactivity is constrained by the entrance barriers and the final product branching is not statistical.

Efficacy and complications associated with a modified inferior alveolar nerve block technique. A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial.

PubMed

Montserrat-Bosch, Marta; Figueiredo, Rui; Nogueira-Magalhães, Pedro; Arnabat-Dominguez, Josep; Valmaseda-Castellón, Eduard; Gay-Escoda, Cosme

2014-07-01

To compare the efficacy and complication rates of two different techniques for inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB). A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial comprising 109 patients who required lower third molar removal was performed. In the control group, all patients received an IANB using the conventional Halsted technique, whereas in the experimental group, a modified technique using a more inferior injection point was performed. A total of 100 patients were randomized. The modified technique group showed a significantly higher onset time in the lower lip and chin area, and was frequently associated to a lingual electric discharge sensation. Three failures were recorded, 2 of them in the experimental group. No relevant local or systemic complications were registered. Both IANB techniques used in this trial are suitable for lower third molar removal. However, performing an inferior alveolar nerve block in a more inferior position (modified technique) extends the onset time, does not seem to reduce the risk of intravascular injections and might increase the risk of lingual nerve injuries.

Clonal evolution in breast cancer revealed by single nucleus genome sequencing.

PubMed

Wang, Yong; Waters, Jill; Leung, Marco L; Unruh, Anna; Roh, Whijae; Shi, Xiuqing; Chen, Ken; Scheet, Paul; Vattathil, Selina; Liang, Han; Multani, Asha; Zhang, Hong; Zhao, Rui; Michor, Franziska; Meric-Bernstam, Funda; Navin, Nicholas E

2014-08-14

Sequencing studies of breast tumour cohorts have identified many prevalent mutations, but provide limited insight into the genomic diversity within tumours. Here we developed a whole-genome and exome single cell sequencing approach called nuc-seq that uses G2/M nuclei to achieve 91% mean coverage breadth. We applied this method to sequence single normal and tumour nuclei from an oestrogen-receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer and a triple-negative ductal carcinoma. In parallel, we performed single nuclei copy number profiling. Our data show that aneuploid rearrangements occurred early in tumour evolution and remained highly stable as the tumour masses clonally expanded. In contrast, point mutations evolved gradually, generating extensive clonal diversity. Using targeted single-molecule sequencing, many of the diverse mutations were shown to occur at low frequencies (<10%) in the tumour mass. Using mathematical modelling we found that the triple-negative tumour cells had an increased mutation rate (13.3×), whereas the ER(+) tumour cells did not. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis, therapeutic treatment and evolution of chemoresistance in breast cancer.

Computational design of thermostabilizing point mutations for G protein-coupled receptors

PubMed Central

Popov, Petr; Peng, Yao; Shen, Ling; Stevens, Raymond C; Cherezov, Vadim; Liu, Zhi-Jie

2018-01-01

Engineering of GPCR constructs with improved thermostability is a key for successful structural and biochemical studies of this transmembrane protein family, targeted by 40% of all therapeutic drugs. Here we introduce a comprehensive computational approach to effective prediction of stabilizing mutations in GPCRs, named CompoMug, which employs sequence-based analysis, structural information, and a derived machine learning predictor. Tested experimentally on the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor target, CompoMug predictions resulted in 10 new stabilizing mutations, with an apparent thermostability gain ~8.8°C for the best single mutation and ~13°C for a triple mutant. Binding of antagonists confers further stabilization for the triple mutant receptor, with total gains of ~21°C as compared to wild type apo 5-HT2C. The predicted mutations enabled crystallization and structure determination for the 5-HT2C receptor complexes in inactive and active-like states. While CompoMug already shows high 25% hit rate and utility in GPCR structural studies, further improvements are expected with accumulation of structural and mutation data. PMID:29927385

Enhanced dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in natural rubber latex nanocomposites by surfactants bearing phenyl groups.

PubMed

Mohamed, Azmi; Anas, Argo Khoirul; Bakar, Suriani Abu; Ardyani, Tretya; Zin, Wan Manshol W; Ibrahim, Sofian; Sagisaka, Masanobu; Brown, Paul; Eastoe, Julian

2015-10-01

Here is presented a systematic study of the dispersibility of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in natural rubber latex (NR-latex) assisted by a series of single-, double-, and triple-sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants containing phenyl ring moieties. Optical polarising microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy have been performed to obtain the dispersion-level profiles of the MWCNTs in the nanocomposites. Interestingly, a triple-chain, phenyl-containing surfactant, namely sodium 1,5-dioxo-1,5-bis(3-phenylpropoxy)-3-((3-phenylpropoxy)carbonyl) pentane-2-sulfonate (TCPh), has a greater capacity the stabilisation of MWCNTs than a commercially available single-chain sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) surfactant. TCPh provides significant enhancements in the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites, up to ∼10(-2) S cm(-1), as measured by a four-point probe instrument. These results have allowed compilation of a road map for the design of surfactant architectures capable of providing the homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs required for the next generation of polymer-carbon-nanotube materials, specifically those used in aerospace technology. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IIB duals of D = 3 {N} = 4 circular quivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assel, Benjamin; Bachas, Costas; Estes, John; Gomis, Jaume

2012-12-01

We construct the type-IIB AdS4 ⋉ K supergravity solutions which are dual to the three-dimensional {N} = 4 superconformal field theories that arise as infrared fixed points of circular-quiver gauge theories. These superconformal field theories are labeled by a triple ( {ρ, hat{ρ},L} ) subject to constraints, where ρ and hat{ρ} are two partitions of a number N, and L is a positive integer. We show that in the limit of large L the localized five- branes in our solutions are effectively smeared, and these type-IIB solutions are dual to the near-horizon geometry of M-theory M2-branes at a {{{{{{C}}^4}}} / {{( {{Z_k}× {Z_{widehat{k}}}} )}} .} orbifold singularity. Our IIB solutions resolve the singularity into localized five-brane throats, without breaking the conformal symmetry. The constraints satisfied by the triple ( {ρ, hat{ρ},L} ) , together with the enhanced non-abelian flavour symmetries of the superconformal field theories are precisely reproduced by the type-IIB supergravity solutions. As a bonus, we uncover a novel type of "orbifold equivalence" between different quantum field theories and provide quantitative evidence for this equivalence.

Biopsychosocial Challenges and Needs of Young African American Women with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Bollinger, Sarah

2018-05-01

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer known to have poorer prognoses and lower survival rates compared with other types of breast cancer. In addition, TNBC is overrepresented in premenopausal African American women. Using grounded theory as the qualitative methodological approach, the present article elucidates unique biopsychosocial challenges and needs of young African American women with TNBC. A study group of six women with TNBC and a comparison group of six women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer were interviewed longitudinally over three time points throughout the cancer treatment trajectory. Major themes that were unique to the study group of women with TNBC include (a) longer, more aggressive treatment trajectories; (b) more difficult struggles with feminine identity; (c) the presence of fertility and parenting issues; (d) higher burdens of care; (e) barriers to separation and individuation as a maturation milestone; and (f) feeling out of place compared with peers. These themes provide a foundation to inform how social workers care for this underserved group of women.

Selection of an anti-solvent for efficient and stable cesium-containing triple cation planar perovskite solar cells.

PubMed

Xiao, Meng; Zhao, Li; Geng, Min; Li, Yanyan; Dong, Binghai; Xu, Zuxun; Wan, Li; Li, Wenlu; Wang, Shimin

2018-06-19

The perovskite layer is a crucial component influencing high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In the one-step solution method, anti-solvents are important for obtaining smooth and uniform perovskite active layers. This work explored the effect of various anti-solvents on the preparation of triple cation perovskite active layers. In general, anti-solvents with low dielectric constants, low polarity, and low boiling point are suitable for the preparation of perovskite films. Microstructural and elemental analyses of the perovskite films were systematically conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoelectric properties, carrier transfer, and recombination process in the PSCs were investigated using photocurrent-voltage characteristic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Optimum performance was obtained when the anti-solvent was diethyl ether (DEE) and the ratio of the optimum amount of DEE to the volume of the precursor was 1 : 10. Meanwhile, we found that the partial replacement of formamidinium/methylammonium by cesium could increase the stability of the PSCs and enhance the power conversion efficiency from 15.49% to over 17.38%.

Tension, cell shape and triple-junction angle anisotropy in the Drosophila germband

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacy, Monica; Hutson, M. Shane; Meyer, Christian; McDonald, Xena

In the field of tissue mechanics, the embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster offers many opportunities for study. One of Drosophila's most crucial morphogenetic stages is the retraction of an epithelial tissue called the germband. During retraction, the segments of the retracting germband, as well as the individual germband cells, elongate in response to forces from a connected tissue, the amnioserosa. Modeling of this elongation, based on tissue responses to laser wounding, has plotted the internal germband tension against the external amnioserosa stress, creating a phase space to determine points and regions corresponding to stable elongation. Although the resulting fits indicate a necessary opposition of internal and external forces, they are inconclusive regarding the exact balance. We will present results testing the model predictions by measuring cell shapes and the correlations between cell-edge directions and triple-junction angles. These measures resolve the ambiguity in pinpointing the internal-external force balance for each germband segment. Research was supported by NIH Grant Numbers 1R01GM099107 and 1R21AR068933.

Assessment of Primary Health Care in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Brazilian Locality of the International Triple Frontier.

PubMed

Silva-Sobrinho, Reinaldo Antonio; Wysocki, Anneliese Domingues; Scatena, Lúcia Marina; Pinto, Erika Simone Galvão; Beraldo, Aline Ale; Andrade, Rubia Laine Paula; Zilly, Adriana; Munhak da Silva, Rosane Meire; Gomes, Michela Prestes; Mayer, Paulo César Morales; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio; Villa, Tereza Cristina Scatena

2017-01-01

To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality. The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory. The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control. The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases.

Analysis of bias voltage dependent spectral response in Ga0.51In0.49P/Ga0.99In0.01As/Ge triple junction solar cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sogabe, Tomah; Ogura, Akio; Okada, Yoshitaka

2014-02-01

Spectral response measurement plays great role in characterizing solar cell device because it directly reflects the efficiency by which the device converts the sunlight into an electrical current. Based on the spectral response results, the short circuit current of each subcell can be quantitatively determined. Although spectral response dependence on wavelength, i.e., the well-known external quantum efficiency (EQE), has been widely used in characterizing multijunction solar cell and has been well interpreted, detailed analysis of spectral response dependence on bias voltage (SR -Vbias) has not been reported so far. In this work, we have performed experimental and numerical studies on the SR -Vbias for Ga0.51In0.49P/Ga0.99In0.01As/Ge triple junction solar cell. Phenomenological description was given to clarify the mechanism of operation matching point variation in SR -Vbias measurements. The profile of SR-Vbias curve was explained in detail by solving the coupled two-diode current-voltage characteristic transcend formula for each subcell.

Structure and energetics of InN and GaN dimers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šimová, Lucia; Tzeli, Demeter; Urban, Miroslav; Černušák, Ivan; Theodorakopoulos, Giannoula; Petsalakis, Ioannis D.

2008-06-01

Large-scale mapping of various dimers of indium nitride and gallium nitride in singlet and triplet electronic states is reported. Second-order perturbation theory with Møller-Plesset partitioning of the Hamiltonian (MP2) and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations corrected for the triple excitations (CCSD(T)) are used for the geometry determinations and evaluation of excitation and dissociation energies. For gallium and nitrogen we have used the singly augmented correlation-consistent triple-zeta basis set (aug-cc-pVTZ), for indium we have used the aug-cc-pVTZ-pseudopotential basis set. The dissociation energies are corrected for basis set superposition error (BBSE) including geometrical relaxation of the monomers. We compare and discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in the structural patterns and energetics of both groups of isomers, including the effect of the BSSE. Our computations show that there are not only different ground states for In 2N 2 and Ga 2N 2 but also different numbers of stable stationary points on their potential energy surface. We compare our results with the molecular data published so far for these systems.

Cubic Interactions of Massless Bosonic Fields in Three Dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mkrtchyan, Karapet

2018-06-01

In this Letter, we take the first step towards construction of nontrivial Lagrangian theories of higher-spin gravity in a metriclike formulation in three dimensions. The crucial feature of a metriclike formulation is that it is known how to incorporate matter interactions into the description. We derive a complete classification of cubic interactions for arbitrary triples s1 , s2 , s3 of massless fields, which are the building blocks of any interacting theory with massless higher spins. We find that there is, at most, one vertex for any given triple of spins in 3D (with one exception, s1=s2=s3=1 , which allows for two vertices). Remarkably, there are no vertices for spin values that do not respect strict triangle inequalities and contain at least two spins greater than one. This translates into selection rules for three-point functions of higher-spin conserved currents in two dimensional conformal field theory. Furthermore, universal coupling to gravity for any spin is derived. Last, we argue that this classification persists in arbitrary Einstein backgrounds.

How health systems could avert 'triple fail' events that are harmful, are costly, and result in poor patient satisfaction.

PubMed

Lewis, Geraint; Kirkham, Heather; Duncan, Ian; Vaithianathan, Rhema

2013-04-01

Health care systems in many countries are using the "Triple Aim"--to improve patients' experience of care, to advance population health, and to lower per capita costs--as a focus for improving quality. Population strategies for addressing the Triple Aim are becoming increasingly prevalent in developed countries, but ultimately success will also require targeting specific subgroups and individuals. Certain events, which we call "Triple Fail" events, constitute a simultaneous failure to meet all three Triple Aim goals. The risk of experiencing different Triple Fail events varies widely across people. We argue that by stratifying populations according to each person's risk and anticipated response to an intervention, health systems could more effectively target different preventive interventions at particular risk strata. In this article we describe how such an approach could be planned and operationalized. Policy makers should consider using this stratified approach to reduce the incidence of Triple Fail events, thereby improving outcomes, enhancing patient experience, and lowering costs.

Warps, grids and curvature in triple vector bundles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flari, Magdalini K.; Mackenzie, Kirill

2018-06-01

A triple vector bundle is a cube of vector bundle structures which commute in the (strict) categorical sense. A grid in a triple vector bundle is a collection of sections of each bundle structure with certain linearity properties. A grid provides two routes around each face of the triple vector bundle, and six routes from the base manifold to the total manifold; the warps measure the lack of commutativity of these routes. In this paper we first prove that the sum of the warps in a triple vector bundle is zero. The proof we give is intrinsic and, we believe, clearer than the proof using decompositions given earlier by one of us. We apply this result to the triple tangent bundle T^3M of a manifold and deduce (as earlier) the Jacobi identity. We further apply the result to the triple vector bundle T^2A for a vector bundle A using a connection in A to define a grid in T^2A . In this case the curvature emerges from the warp theorem.

Evaluating the approach run of class F11 visually impaired athletes in triple and long jumps.

PubMed

Theodorou, Apostolos; Skordilis, Emmanouil

2012-04-01

The present study examined stride pattern characteristics of Class F11 visually impaired long jumpers and triple jumpers. Athletes demonstrated initial ascending footfall variability followed by descending variability, on the second (long jumpers) and third (triple jumpers) stride prior to take-off, at a mean distance of 6.26 m (long jumpers) and 7.36 m (triple jumpers) from the take-off board. Toe-board-distance variability reached a maximum value of 0.36 m and 0.38 m for the long and triple jump, respectively. Last stride toe-board-distance variability was 0.29 m (long jump) and 0.25 m (triple jump). Class F11 visually impaired athletes exhibit regulation of goal-directed gait analogous to that of non-visually impaired athletes.

The hierarchical stability of the seven known large size ratio triple asteroids using the empirical stability parameters.

PubMed

Liu, Xiaodong; Baoyin, Hexi; Marchis, Franck

In this study, the hierarchical stability of the seven known large size ratio triple asteroids is investigated. The effect of the solar gravity and primary's J 2 are considered. The force function is expanded in terms of mass ratios based on the Hill's approximation and the large size ratio property. The empirical stability parameters are used to examine the hierarchical stability of the triple asteroids. It is found that the all the known large size ratio triple asteroid systems are hierarchically stable. This study provides useful information for future evolutions of the triple asteroids.

Some transition metal complexes derived from mono- and di-ethynyl perfluorobenzenes.

PubMed

Armitt, David J; Bruce, Michael I; Gaudio, Maryka; Zaitseva, Natasha N; Skelton, Brian W; White, Allan H; Le Guennic, Boris; Halet, Jean-François; Fox, Mark A; Roberts, Rachel L; Hartl, Frantisek; Low, Paul J

2008-12-21

Transition metal alkynyl complexes containing perfluoroaryl groups have been prepared directly from trimethylsilyl-protected mono- and di-ethynyl perfluoroarenes by simple desilylation/metallation reaction sequences. Reactions between Me(3)SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5) and RuCl(dppe)Cp' [Cp' = Cp, Cp*] in the presence of KF in MeOH give the monoruthenium complexes Ru(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(dppe)Cp' [Cp' = Cp (); Cp* ()], which are related to the known compound Ru(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(PPh(3))(2)Cp (). Treatment of Me(3)SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5) with Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)Cl(2) in the presence of NaOMe in MeOH gave the bis(alkynyl) complex Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(2) (). The Pd(0)/Cu(i)-catalysed reactions between Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(PPh(3)) and Mo( identical withCBr)(CO)(2)Tp* [Tp* = hydridotris(3.5-dimethylpyrazoyl)borate], Co(3)(mu(3)-CBr)(mu-dppm)(CO)(7) or IC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CFc [Fc = (eta(5)-C(5)H(4))FeCp] afford Mo( identical withCC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(CO)(2)Tp* (), Co(3)(mu(3)-CC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5))(mu-dppm)(CO)(7) () and FcC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC(6)F(5) (), respectively. The diruthenium complexes 1,4-{Cp'(PP)RuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C}(2)C(6)F(4) [(PP)Cp' = (PPh(3))(2)Cp (); (dppe)Cp (); (dppe)Cp* ()] are prepared from 1,4-(Me(3)SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(2)C(6)F(4) in a manner similar to that described for the monoruthenium complexes -. The non-fluorinated complexes 1,4-{Cp'(PP)RuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C}(2)C(6)H(4) [(PP)Cp' = (PPh(3))(2)Cp (); (dppe)Cp (); (dppe)Cp* ()], prepared for comparison, are obtained from 1,4-(Me(3)SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(2)C(6)H(4). Spectro-electrochemical studies of the ruthenium aryl and arylene alkynyl complexes - and -, together with DFT-based computational studies on suitable model systems, indicate that perfluorination of the aromatic ring has little effect on the electronic structures of these compounds, and that the frontier orbitals have appreciable diethynylphenylene character. Molecular structure determinations are reported for the fluoroaromatic complexes , , , and .

Triple-Crater in Elysium Planitia

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-01-22

This image from NASA Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows a triple impact crater in Elysium Planitia near Tartarus Montes, which probably formed when a binary-or even triple-asteroid struck the surface.

Possible microplate generation at RRR triple junctions due to the non-circular finite motion of plates relative to each other

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cronin, V. S.

2012-12-01

First generation ideas of the kinematic stability of triple junctions lead to the common belief that the geometry of ridge-ridge-ridge (RRR) triple junctions remains constant over time under conditions of symmetric spreading. Given constant relative motion between each plate pair -- that is, the pole of plate relative motion is fixed to both plates in each pair during finite motion, as assumed in many accounts of plate kinematics -- there would be no boundary mismatch at the triple junction and no apparent kinematic reason why a microplate might develop there. But if, in a given RRR triple junction, the finite motion of one plate as observed from the other plate is not circular (as is generally the case, given the three-plate problem of plate kinematics), the geometry of the ridges and the triple junction will vary with time (Cronin, 1992, Tectonophys 207, 287-301). To explore the possible consequences of non-circular finite motion between plates at an RRR triple junction, a simple model was coded based on the cycloid finite-motion model (e.g., Cronin, 1987, Geology 15, 1006-1009) using NNR-MORVEL56 velocities for individual plates (Argus et al., 2011, G3 12, doi: 10.1029/2011GC003751). Initial assumptions include a spherical Earth, symmetric spreading, and constant angular velocities during the modeled finite time interval. The assumed-constant angular velocity vectors constitute a reference frame for observing finite plate motion. Typical results are [1] that the triple junction migrates relative to a coordinate system fixed to the angular-velocity vectors, [2] ridge axes rotates relative to each other, and [3] a boundary mismatch develops at the synthetic triple junction that might result in microplate nucleation. In a model simulating the Galapagos triple junction between the Cocos, Nazca and Pacific plates whose initial state did not include the Galapagos microplate, the mismatch gap was as much as ~3.4 km during 3 Myr of model displacement (see figure). The centroid of the synthetic triple junction translates ~81 km toward azimuth ~352° in 3 Myr. Of course, the details will vary as different angular velocity vectors are used; however, modeling indicates that non-circular finite relative motion between adjacent plates generally results in boundary mismatches and rotation of ridge segments relative to each other at RRR triple junctions. Left: synthetic Galapagos triple junction at initial model time, without a microplate. Right: synthetic triple junction after 3 Myr displacement, illustrating the resulting boundary mismatch (gap) and rotated ridge axes.

Contribution to modeling the viscosity Arrhenius-type equation for saturated pure fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Jianxiang; Zhang, Laibin

2016-09-01

Recently, Haj-Kacem et al. proposed an equation modeling the relationship between the two parameters of viscosity Arrhenius-type equations [Fluid Phase Equilibria 383, 11 (2014)]. The authors found that the two parameters are dependent upon each other in an exponential function form. In this paper, we reconsidered their ideas and calculated the two parameter values for 49 saturated pure fluids by using the experimental data in the NIST WebBook. Our conclusion is different with the ones of Haj-Kacem et al. We found that (the linearity shown by) the Arrhenius equation stands strongly only in low temperature range and that the two parameters of the Arrhenius equation are independent upon each other in the whole temperature range from the triple point to the critical point.

Calculating phase equilibrium properties of plasma pseudopotential model using hybrid Gibbs statistical ensemble Monte-Carlo technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butlitsky, M. A.; Zelener, B. B.; Zelener, B. V.

2015-11-01

Earlier a two-component pseudopotential plasma model, which we called a “shelf Coulomb” model has been developed. A Monte-Carlo study of canonical NVT ensemble with periodic boundary conditions has been undertaken to calculate equations of state, pair distribution functions, internal energies and other thermodynamics properties of the model. In present work, an attempt is made to apply so-called hybrid Gibbs statistical ensemble Monte-Carlo technique to this model. First simulation results data show qualitatively similar results for critical point region for both methods. Gibbs ensemble technique let us to estimate the melting curve position and a triple point of the model (in reduced temperature and specific volume coordinates): T* ≈ 0.0476, v* ≈ 6 × 10-4.

Polymorphism of phosphoric oxide

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hill, W.L.; Faust, G.T.; Hendricks, S.B.

1943-01-01

The melting points and monotropic relationship of three crystalline forms of phosphoric oxide were determined by the method of quenching. Previous vapor pressure data are discussed and interpreted to establish a pressure-temperature diagram (70 to 600??) for the one-component system. The system involves three triple points, at which solid, liquid and vapor (P4O10) coexist in equilibrium, namely: 420?? and 360 cm., 562?? and 43.7 cm. and 580?? and 55.5 cm., corresponding to the hexagonal, orthorhombic and stable polymorphs, respectively, and at least two distinct liquids, one a stable polymer of the other, which are identified with the melting of the stable form and the hexagonal modification, respectively. Indices of refraction of the polymorphs and glasses were determined. The density and the thermal, hygroscopic and structural properties of the several phases are discussed.

Unsteady three-dimensional marginal separation, including breakdown

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duck, Peter W.

1990-01-01

A situation involving a three-dimensional marginal separation is considered, where a (steady) boundary layer flow is on the verge of separating at a point (located along a line of symmetry/centerline). At this point, a triple-deck is included, thereby permitting a small amount of interaction to occur. Unsteadiness is included within this interaction region through some external means. It is shown that the problem reduces to the solution of a nonlinear, unsteady, partial-integro system, which is solved numerically by means of time-marching together with a pseudo-spectral method spatially. A number of solutions to this system are presented which strongly suggest a breakdown of this system may occur, at a finite spatial position, at a finite time. The structure and details of this breakdown are then described.

Two loop QCD vertices at the symmetric point

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gracey, J. A.

2011-10-15

We compute the triple gluon, quark-gluon and ghost-gluon vertices of QCD at the symmetric subtraction point at two loops in the MS scheme. In addition we renormalize each of the three vertices in their respective momentum subtraction schemes, MOMggg, MOMq and MOMh. The conversion functions of all the wave functions, coupling constant and gauge parameter renormalization constants of each of the schemes relative to MS are determined analytically. These are then used to derive the three loop anomalous dimensions of the gluon, quark, Faddeev-Popov ghost and gauge parameter as well as the {beta} function in an arbitrary linear covariant gaugemore » for each MOM scheme. There is good agreement of the latter with earlier Landau gauge numerical estimates of Chetyrkin and Seidensticker.« less

Effect of low-melting point phases on the microstructure and properties of spark plasma sintered and hot deformed Nd-Fe-B alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Li; Wang, Meiyu; Yan, Xueliang; Lin, Ye; Shield, Jeffrey

2018-04-01

The effect of adding a low melting point Pr-Cu-Al alloy during spark plasma sintering of melt-spun Nd-Fe-B ribbons is investigated. Regions of coarse grains were reduced and overall grain refinement was observed after the addition of Pr68Cu25Al7, leading to an enhancement of coercivity from 12.7 kOe to 20.4 kOe. Hot deformation of the samples in the spark plasma sintering system resulted in the formation of platelet-like grains, producing crystallographic alignment and magnetic anisotropy. The hot deformation process improved the remanence and energy product but reduced the coercivity. The decrease of coercivity resulted from grain growth and aggregation of Pr and Nd elements at triple-junction phases.

Balloonborne lidar experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepherd, O.; Aurilio, G.; Bucknam, R. D.; Brooke, R. W.; Hurd, A. G.

1980-12-01

The object of this contract was to design a balloonborne lidar experiment capable of performing nightime atmospheric density measurements in the 10 to 40 km altitude domain with a resolution of 100 meters. The payload includes a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser with outputs at 353 and 1064 nm, a telescoped receiver with PMT detectors, a command-controlled optical pointing system, and support systems, including thermal control, telemetry, command, and power. Density measurements would be made using the back-scattered 353 nm radiation data with aerosol corrections obtained from 1064 nm radiation scatterings.

Ab-initio study of several static and dynamic properties of liquid palladium and platinum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, L. E.; González, D. J.; Molla, Mohammad Riazuddin; Ahmed, A. Z. Ziauddin; Bhuiyan, G. M.

2017-08-01

We report a study on several static and dynamic properties of liquid Pd and Pt metals at thermodynamic conditions near their respective triple points. The calculations have been carried out by an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation technique. Results are reported for several static structural magnitudes which are compared with the available X-ray diffraction. As for the dynamic properties, results have been obtained for both single and collective dynamical magnitudes as well as for some transport coeffcients which are compared with the corresponding experimental data.

Characterization of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics via Transmission Electron Microscopy. Part 2: UHTCs sintered with addition of TaSi2

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-21

substituted by Hf in the TaSi2 phase, indicating that this silicide has a great solubility for the group IV metals . At the triple point junctions Ta5Si3...Mathis Müller for his precious help in TEM specimens’ preparations . FA8655-09-M-4002 40 References 1. L. E. Toth: Transition Metal Carbides and...Transition Metal Disilicides,’ Acta Mater., 44, 3035 (1996). 21. H. Pastor and R. Meyer: An Investigation of the Effect of Additions of Metal Silicides

Note: The performance of new density functionals for a recent blind test of non-covalent interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mardirossian, Narbe; Head-Gordon, Martin

Benchmark datasets of non-covalent interactions are essential for assessing the performance of density functionals and other quantum chemistry approaches. In a recent blind test, Taylor et al. benchmarked 14 methods on a new dataset consisting of 10 dimer potential energy curves calculated using coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) at the complete basis set (CBS) limit (80 data points in total). Finally, the dataset is particularly interesting because compressed, near-equilibrium, and stretched regions of the potential energy surface are extensively sampled.

Note: The performance of new density functionals for a recent blind test of non-covalent interactions

DOE PAGES

Mardirossian, Narbe; Head-Gordon, Martin

2016-11-09

Benchmark datasets of non-covalent interactions are essential for assessing the performance of density functionals and other quantum chemistry approaches. In a recent blind test, Taylor et al. benchmarked 14 methods on a new dataset consisting of 10 dimer potential energy curves calculated using coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) at the complete basis set (CBS) limit (80 data points in total). Finally, the dataset is particularly interesting because compressed, near-equilibrium, and stretched regions of the potential energy surface are extensively sampled.

Liquid Dynamics from Neutron Spectrometry

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Brockhouse, Bertram N.; Bergsma, J.; Dasannacharya, B. A.; Pope, N. K.

1962-10-01

Recent experiments carried out at Chalk River on the dynamics of liquids using neutron inelastic scattering are reviewed, including one by Sakamoto et al., in which the Van Hove self-correlation functions in water at 25 and 75 deg C were determined, and another in which the correlation functions in liquid argon near its triple point were studied. The possible occurrence of short wavelength phonons in classical liquids is discussed, in analogy with their existence in the quantum liquid He4, and in connection with incomplete experiments on liquid tin. (auth)

Melting line of polymeric nitrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yakub, L. N.

2013-05-01

We made an attempt to predict location of the melting line of polymeric nitrogen using two equations for Helmholtz free energy: proposed earlier for cubic gauche-structure and developed recently for liquid polymerized nitrogen. The P-T relation, orthobaric densities and latent heat of melting were determined using a standard double tangent construction. The estimated melting temperature decreases with increasing pressure, alike the temperature of molecular-nonmolecular transition in solid. We discuss the possibility of a triple point (solid-molecular fluid-polymeric fluid) at ˜80 GPa and observed maximum of melting temperature of nitrogen.

The efficacy of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in improving parenting and child behavior: a comparison with two other treatment conditions.

PubMed

Bodenmann, Guy; Cina, Annette; Ledermann, Thomas; Sanders, Matthew R

2008-04-01

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based parenting program (the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program), intending to improve parenting skills and children's well-being. Parents participating in a Group Triple P program (n=50 couples) were compared with parents of a non-treated control group (n=50 couples) and parents participating in a marital distress prevention program (couples coping enhancement training (CCET)) (n=50 couples). The two major goals of this study were (a) to evaluate the efficacy of Triple P compared with the two other treatment conditions over a time-span of 1 year and (b) to answer the question whether this program that was developed in Australia is culturally accepted by Swiss parents. Results revealed that Triple P was effective with Swiss families. Mothers of the Triple P group showed significant improvements in parenting, parenting self-esteem, and a decrease in stressors related to parenting. Women trained in Triple P also reported significantly lower rates of child's misbehavior than women of the two other conditions. However, in men only a few significant results were found. Positive effects of the relationship training (CCET) were somewhat lower than those for the Triple P. These findings are further discussed.

[Period-tripling in Multiscale Physical and Biological Events].

PubMed

Bondar, A T; Fedorov, M V; Kolombet, V A

2015-01-01

A recent paper by S.J. Puetz et al. (Chaos, Solitons -& Fractals, v. 62-63, p. 55, 2014) described a fundamental period-tripled model. It involves periods of different astronomical (quasars, Sun), geophysical (geomagnetic, climatic, volcanic) and some biological processes. This work contains statistics for sixteen pairs of a period-tripled sequence. These periods range from -50 years to 1.5 billion years and no signs of the timescale limitations are found. We believe that the universal scope of the fundamental period-tripled model can be used for the development of new methodology of research data analysis: the main idea is that the spectrum of the periods of the studied event should be tested for the similarity with the spectrum of fundamental period-tripling pattern (because of the fundamental nature of the period-tripled model). Using this method, in this study we complement an already described period-tripled model with periods of human memory performance ranging from one minute to one month also adding seven relevant periods/frequencies of the period-tripled model in the range of human hearing. We make a conclusion that these characteristic frequencies may form the basis for music and singing phenomena. The new methodology is particularly appropriate for being applied in medicine and engineering.

Homomorphisms in C*-ternary algebras and JB*-triples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Choonkil; Rassias, Themistocles M.

2008-01-01

In this paper, we investigate homomorphisms between C*-ternary algebras and derivations on C*-ternary algebras, and homomorphisms between JB*-triples and derivations on JB*-triples, associated with the following Apollonius type additive functional equation

Orbit Alignment in Triple Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokovinin, Andrei

2017-08-01

The statistics of the angle Φ between orbital angular momenta in hierarchical triple systems with known inner visual or astrometric orbits are studied. A correlation between apparent revolution directions proves the partial orbit alignment known from earlier works. The alignment is strong in triples with outer projected separation less than ˜50 au, where the average Φ is about 20^\\circ . In contrast, outer orbits wider than 1000 au are not aligned with the inner orbits. It is established that the orbit alignment decreases with the increasing mass of the primary component. The average eccentricity of inner orbits in well-aligned triples is smaller than in randomly aligned ones. These findings highlight the role of dissipative interactions with gas in defining the orbital architecture of low-mass triple systems. On the other hand, chaotic dynamics apparently played a role in shaping more massive hierarchies. The analysis of projected configurations and triples with known inner and outer orbits indicates that the distribution of Φ is likely bimodal, where 80% of triples have {{Φ }}< 70^\\circ and the remaining ones are randomly aligned.

Self-assembled RNA-triple-helix hydrogel scaffold for microRNA modulation in the tumour microenvironment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conde, João; Oliva, Nuria; Atilano, Mariana; Song, Hyun Seok; Artzi, Natalie

2016-03-01

The therapeutic potential of miRNA (miR) in cancer is limited by the lack of efficient delivery vehicles. Here, we show that a self-assembled dual-colour RNA-triple-helix structure comprising two miRNAs--a miR mimic (tumour suppressor miRNA) and an antagomiR (oncomiR inhibitor)--provides outstanding capability to synergistically abrogate tumours. Conjugation of RNA triple helices to dendrimers allows the formation of stable triplex nanoparticles, which form an RNA-triple-helix adhesive scaffold upon interaction with dextran aldehyde, the latter able to chemically interact and adhere to natural tissue amines in the tumour. We also show that the self-assembled RNA-triple-helix conjugates remain functional in vitro and in vivo, and that they lead to nearly 90% levels of tumour shrinkage two weeks post-gel implantation in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Our findings suggest that the RNA-triple-helix hydrogels can be used as an efficient anticancer platform to locally modulate the expression of endogenous miRs in cancer.

GDC-0941 and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Androgen Receptor-Negative Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-05-22

Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer; Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative Carcinoma of Breast; Triple Negative Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Targeting Tryptophan Catabolism: A Novel Method to Block Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-15-1-0039 TITLE: Targeting Tryptophan Catabolism: A Novel Method to Block Triple- Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis...Mar 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Targeting Tryptophan Catabolism: A Novel Method to Block Triple-Negative Breast Cancer...Tryptophan Catabolism: A Novel Method to Block Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis,” Submitted by Jennifer K. Richer, PhD, University of Colorado

Coupling characteristics of the spun optical fiber with triple stress elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Minning; Shang, Fengtao; Chen, Dandan

2018-06-01

An empirical formula related to the stress field distribution in the optical fiber with triple stress elements is proposed and proved. The possible intercoupling between the fundamental modes and the higher order modes is demonstrated. The transmission property of the spun optical fiber with triple stress elements is analyzed. The experimental data from a sample of the spun optical fiber with triple stress elements confirm the theoretical results very well.

Isolated orbital mass as the primary presentation of a triple-hit lymphoma transformed from a systemic follicular lymphoma.

PubMed

Zhou, Xiao Yi; Lu, Xinyan; Raparia, Kirtee; Chen, Yi-Hua

2018-06-01

Triple-hit lymphoma is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma. We report a case of triple-hit lymphoma transformed from systemic follicular lymphoma (FL) after 9-year remission and presented primarily as an isolated orbital mass without systemic symptoms or lymphadenopathy. A 58-year-old female presented with intermittent vertical binocular diplopia, left upper eyelid swelling and pain and was found to have a 2.9 cm orbital mass. Histological section revealed a CD10-positive large B-cell lymphoma, consistent with transformation of FL. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated rearrangements involving C-MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 genes, indicating a high grade, triple-hit lymphoma. Triple-hit lymphoma transformed from a low-grade lymphoma may initially present as an isolated orbital mass without systemic evidence of transformation. Early recognition of double or triple-hit lymphomas is important since these patients require aggressive chemotherapy.

A noise thermometry investigation of the melting point of gallium at the NIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, J. T.; Xue, S.

2006-06-01

This paper describes a study of the melting point of gallium with the new NIM Johnson noise thermometer (JNT). The new thermometer adopts the structure of switching correlator and commutator with the reference resistor maintained at the triple point of water. The electronic system of the new thermometer is basically the same as the current JNT, but the preamplifiers have been improved slightly. This study demonstrates that examining the characteristics of the noise signals in the frequency domain is of critical importance in constructing an improved new thermometer, where a power spectral analysis is found to be critical in establishing appropriate grounding for the new thermometer. The new JNT is tested on measurements of the thermodynamic temperature of the melting point of gallium, which give the thermodynamic temperature of 302.9160 K, with an overall integration time of 190 h and a combined standard uncertainty of 9.4 mK. The uncertainty analysis indicates that a standard combined uncertainty of 3 mK could be achieved with the new thermometer over an integration period of 1750 h.

Triple Asteroid System Triples Asteroid Observers Interest

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-08-06

NASA Deep Space Network, Goldstone radar images show triple asteroid 1994 CC, which consists of a central object approximately 700 meters 2,300 feet in diameter and two smaller moons that orbit the central body. Animation available at the Photojournal

Fractal spectral triples on Kellendonk's C∗-algebra of a substitution tiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mampusti, Michael; Whittaker, Michael F.

2017-02-01

We introduce a new class of noncommutative spectral triples on Kellendonk's C∗-algebra associated with a nonperiodic substitution tiling. These spectral triples are constructed from fractal trees on tilings, which define a geodesic distance between any two tiles in the tiling. Since fractals typically have infinite Euclidean length, the geodesic distance is defined using Perron-Frobenius theory, and is self-similar with scaling factor given by the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue. We show that each spectral triple is θ-summable, and respects the hierarchy of the substitution system. To elucidate our results, we construct a fractal tree on the Penrose tiling, and explicitly show how it gives rise to a collection of spectral triples.

A Novel Anti-classification Approach for Knowledge Protection.

PubMed

Lin, Chen-Yi; Chen, Tung-Shou; Tsai, Hui-Fang; Lee, Wei-Bin; Hsu, Tien-Yu; Kao, Yuan-Hung

2015-10-01

Classification is the problem of identifying a set of categories where new data belong, on the basis of a set of training data whose category membership is known. Its application is wide-spread, such as the medical science domain. The issue of the classification knowledge protection has been paid attention increasingly in recent years because of the popularity of cloud environments. In the paper, we propose a Shaking Sorted-Sampling (triple-S) algorithm for protecting the classification knowledge of a dataset. The triple-S algorithm sorts the data of an original dataset according to the projection results of the principal components analysis so that the features of the adjacent data are similar. Then, we generate noise data with incorrect classes and add those data to the original dataset. In addition, we develop an effective positioning strategy, determining the added positions of noise data in the original dataset, to ensure the restoration of the original dataset after removing those noise data. The experimental results show that the disturbance effect of the triple-S algorithm on the CLC, MySVM, and LibSVM classifiers increases when the noise data ratio increases. In addition, compared with existing methods, the disturbance effect of the triple-S algorithm is more significant on MySVM and LibSVM when a certain amount of the noise data added to the original dataset is reached.

Numerical Study of Buoyancy and Different Diffusion Effects on the Structure and Dynamics of Triple Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Jyh-Yuan; Echekki, Tarek

2001-01-01

Numerical simulations of 2-D triple flames under gravity force have been implemented to identify the effects of gravity on triple flame structure and propagation properties and to understand the mechanisms of instabilities resulting from both heat release and buoyancy effects. A wide range of gravity conditions, heat release, and mixing widths for a scalar mixing layer are computed for downward-propagating (in the same direction with the gravity vector) and upward-propagating (in the opposite direction of the gravity vector) triple flames. Results of numerical simulations show that gravity strongly affects the triple flame speed through its contribution to the overall flow field. A simple analytical model for the triple flame speed, which accounts for both buoyancy and heat release, is developed. Comparisons of the proposed model with the numerical results for a wide range of gravity, heat release and mixing width conditions, yield very good agreement. The analysis shows that under neutral diffusion, downward propagation reduces the triple flame speed, while upward propagation enhances it. For the former condition, a critical Froude number may be evaluated, which corresponds to a vanishing triple flame speed. Downward-propagating triple flames at relatively strong gravity effects have exhibited instabilities. These instabilities are generated without any artificial forcing of the flow. Instead disturbances are initiated by minute round-off errors in the numerical simulations, and subsequently amplified by instabilities. A linear stability analysis on mean profiles of stable triple flame configurations have been performed to identify the most amplified frequency in spatially developed flows. The eigenfunction equations obtained from the linearized disturbance equations are solved using the shooting method. The linear stability analysis yields reasonably good agreements with the observed frequencies of the unstable triple flames. The frequencies and amplitudes of disturbances increase with the magnitude of the gravity vector. Moreover, disturbances appear to be most amplified just downstream of the premixed branches. The effects of mixing width and differential diffusion are investigated and their roles on the flame stability are studied.

Energetic studies and phase diagram of thioxanthene.

PubMed

Freitas, Vera L S; Monte, Manuel J S; Santos, Luís M N B F; Gomes, José R B; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D M C

2009-11-19

The molecular stability of thioxanthene, a key species from which very important compounds with industrial relevance are derived, has been studied by a combination of several experimental techniques and computational approaches. The standard (p degrees = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of crystalline thioxanthene (117.4 +/- 4.1 kJ x mol(-1)) was determined from the experimental standard molar energy of combustion, in oxygen, measured by rotating-bomb combustion calorimetry at T = 298.15 K. The enthalpy of sublimation was determined by a direct method, using the vacuum drop microcalorimetric technique, and also by an indirect method, using a static apparatus, where the vapor pressures at different temperatures were measured. The latter technique was used for both crystalline and undercooled liquid samples, and the phase diagram of thioxanthene near the triple point was obtained (triple point coordinates T = 402.71 K and p = 144.7 Pa). From the two methods, a mean value for the standard (p degrees = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K (101.3 +/- 0.8 kJ x mol(-1)), was derived. From the latter value and from the enthalpy of formation of the solid, the standard (p degrees = 0.1 MPa) enthalpy of formation of gaseous thioxanthene was calculated as 218.7 +/- 4.2 kJ x mol(-1). Standard ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed using the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite procedure and several homodesmotic reactions in order to derive the standard molar enthalpy of formation of thioxanthene. The ab initio results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Optimization of the nanotwin-induced zigzag surface of copper by electromigration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hsin-Ping; Huang, Chun-Wei; Wang, Chun-Wen; Wu, Wen-Wei; Liao, Chien-Neng; Chen, Lih-Juann; Tu, King-Ning

2016-01-01

By adding nanotwins to Cu, the surface electromigration (EM) slows down. The atomic mobility of the surface step-edges is retarded by the triple points where a twin meets a free surface to form a zigzag-type surface. We observed that EM can alter the zigzag surface structure to optimize the reduction of EM, according to Le Chatelier's principle. Statistically, the optimal alternation is to change an arbitrary (111)/(hkl) zigzag pair to a pair having a very low index (hkl) plane, especially the (200) plane. Using in situ ultrahigh vacuum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we examined the effects of different zigzag surfaces on the rate of EM. The calculated rate of surface EM can be decreased by a factor of ten.By adding nanotwins to Cu, the surface electromigration (EM) slows down. The atomic mobility of the surface step-edges is retarded by the triple points where a twin meets a free surface to form a zigzag-type surface. We observed that EM can alter the zigzag surface structure to optimize the reduction of EM, according to Le Chatelier's principle. Statistically, the optimal alternation is to change an arbitrary (111)/(hkl) zigzag pair to a pair having a very low index (hkl) plane, especially the (200) plane. Using in situ ultrahigh vacuum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we examined the effects of different zigzag surfaces on the rate of EM. The calculated rate of surface EM can be decreased by a factor of ten. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05418d

Spontaneous cavitation in a Lennard-Jones liquid: Molecular dynamics simulation and the van der Waals-Cahn-Hilliard gradient theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baidakov, Vladimir G.

2016-02-01

The process of bubble nucleation in a Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The bubble nucleation rate J is determined by the mean life-time method at temperatures above that of the triple point in the region of negative pressures. The results of simulation are compared with classical nucleation theory (CNT) and modified classical nucleation theory (MCNT), in which the work of formation of a critical bubble is determined in the framework of the van der Waals-Cahn-Hilliard gradient theory (GT). It has been found that the values of J obtained in MD simulation systematically exceed the data of CNT, and this excess in the nucleation rate reaches 8-10 orders of magnitude close to the triple point temperature. The results of MCNT are in satisfactory agreement with the data of MD simulation. To describe the properties of vapor-phase nuclei in the framework of GT, an equation of state has been built up which describes stable, metastable and labile regions of LJ fluids. The surface tension of critical bubbles γ has been found from CNT and data of MD simulation as a function of the radius of curvature of the surface of tension R*. The dependence γ(R*) has also been calculated from GT. The Tolman length has been determined, which is negative and in modulus equal to ≈(0.1 - 0.2) σ. The paper discusses the applicability of the Tolman formula to the description of the properties of critical nuclei in nucleation.

High power experimental studies of hybrid photonic band gap accelerator structures

DOE PAGES

Zhang, JieXi; Munroe, Brian J.; Xu, Haoran; ...

2016-08-31

This paper reports the first high power tests of hybrid photonic band gap (PBG) accelerator structures. Three hybrid PBG (HPBG) structures were designed, built and tested at 17.14 GHz. Each structure had a triangular lattice array with 60 inner sapphire rods and 24 outer copper rods sandwiched between copper disks. The dielectric PBG band gap map allows the unique feature of overmoded operation in a TM 02 mode, with suppression of both lower order modes, such as the TM 11 mode, as well as higher order modes. The use of sapphire rods, which have negligible dielectric loss, required inclusion ofmore » the dielectric birefringence in the design. The three structures were designed to sequentially reduce the peak surface electric field. Simulations showed relatively high surface fields at the triple point as well as in any gaps between components in the clamped assembly. The third structure used sapphire rods with small pin extensions at each end and obtained the highest gradient of 19 MV/m, corresponding to a surface electric field of 78 MV/m, with a breakdown probability of 5×10 –1 per pulse per meter for a 100-ns input power pulse. Operation at a gradient above 20 MV/m led to runaway breakdowns with extensive light emission and eventual damage. For all three structures, multipactor light emission was observed at gradients well below the breakdown threshold. As a result, this research indicated that multipactor triggered at the triple point limited the operational gradient of the hybrid structure.« less

Possible Outcomes of Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration: Hot Jupiters, Close-in Super-Earths, and Counter-orbiting Planets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xue, Yuxin; Masuda, Kento; Suto, Yasushi, E-mail: yuxin@utap.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp

We investigate the formation of close-in planets in near-coplanar eccentric hierarchical triple systems via the secular interaction between an inner planet and an outer perturber (Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration; CHEM). We generalize the previous work on the analytical condition for successful CHEM for point masses interacting only through gravity by taking into account the finite mass effect of the inner planet. We find that efficient CHEM requires that the systems should have m {sub 1}≪m {sub 0} and m {sub 1} ≪ m {sub 2}. In addition to the gravity for point masses, we examine the importance of the short-range forces,more » and provide an analytical estimate of the migration timescale. We perform a series of numerical simulations in CHEM for systems consisting of a Sun-like central star, giant gas inner planet, and planetary outer perturber, including the short-range forces and stellar and planetary dissipative tides. We find that most of such systems end up with a tidal disruption; a small fraction of the systems produce prograde hot Jupiters (HJs), but no retrograde HJ. In addition, we extend CHEM to super-Earth mass range, and show that the formation of close-in super-Earths in prograde orbits is also possible. Finally, we carry out CHEM simulation for the observed hierarchical triple and counter-orbiting HJ systems. We find that CHEM can explain a part of the former systems, but it is generally very difficult to reproduce counter-orbiting HJ systems.« less

Normal range of hepatic fat fraction on dual- and triple-echo fat quantification MR in children.

PubMed

Shin, Hyun Joo; Kim, Hyun Gi; Kim, Myung-Joon; Koh, Hong; Kim, Ha Yan; Roh, Yun Ho; Lee, Mi-Jung

2015-01-01

To evaluate hepatic fat fraction on dual- and triple-echo gradient-recalled echo MRI sequences in healthy children. We retrospectively reviewed the records of children in a medical check-up clinic from May 2012 to November 2013. We excluded children with abnormal laboratory findings or those who were overweight. Hepatic fat fraction was measured on dual- and triple-echo sequences using 3T MRI. We compared fat fractions using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement. The correlation between fat fractions and clinical and laboratory findings was evaluated using Spearman's correlation test, and the cut-off values of fat fractions for diagnosing fatty liver were obtained from reference intervals. In 54 children (M:F = 26:28; 5-15 years; mean 9 years), the dual fat fraction (0.1-8.0%; median 1.6%) was not different from the triple fat fraction (0.4-6.5%; median 2.7%) (p = 0.010). The dual- and triple-echo fat fractions showed good agreement using a Bland-Altman plot (-0.6 ± 2.8%). Eight children (14.8%) on dual-echo sequences and six (11.1%) on triple-echo sequences had greater than 5% fat fraction. From these children, six out of eight children on dual-echo sequences and four out of six children on triple-echo sequences had a 5-6% hepatic fat fraction. When using a cut-off value of a 6% fat fraction derived from a reference interval, only 3.7% of children were diagnosed with fatty liver. There was no significant correlation between clinical and laboratory findings with dual and triple-echo fat fractions. Dual fat fraction was not different from triple fat fraction. We suggest a cut-off value of a 6% fat fraction is more appropriate for diagnosing fatty liver on both dual- and triple-echo sequences in children.

Initiation of Insensitive High Explosives Using Multiple Wave Interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Francois, Elizabeth; Burritt, Rosmary; Biss, Matt; Bowden, Patrick

2017-06-01

Insensitive High Explosives (IHEs) increase safety in many types of weapons. However, the safety comes at the cost of performance. Initiation of IHE requires large boosters and powerful detonators as well. Multipoint initiation is being utilized to exploit explosive wave interactions to create overdriven states, greatly facilitating the initiation of IHEs. This presentation will build from recent explosive experiments where the minimum spot size for single-point initiation in PBX 9502 was determined. Below this threshold, PBX 9502 could not be initiated. This was then expanded to three initiation points, which were smaller this threshold. Measurements of the velocity and pressure of the wave interactions were measured using Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). Initiation was observed, and the resulting pressures at the double and triple points were found to be above the CJ state for PBX 9502. Based on these results, further tests were conducted to isolate and measure the longevity and pressure of this phenomenon using cut-back tests. All results will be presented and discussed.

Subatmospheric vapor pressures evaluated from internal-energy measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duarte-Garza, H. A.; Magee, J. W.

1997-01-01

Vapor pressures were evaluated from measured internal-energy changes in the vapor+liquid two-phase region, Δ U (2). The method employed a thermodynamic relationship between the derivative quantity (ϖ U (2)/ϖ V) T and the vapor pressure ( p σ) and its temperature derivative (ϖ p/ϖ T)σ. This method was applied at temperatures between the triple point and the normal boiling point of three substances: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), pentafluoroethane (R125), and difluoromethane (R32). Agreement with experimentally measured vapor pressures near the normal boiling point (101.325 kPa) was within the experimental uncertainty of approximately ±0.04 kPa (±0.04%). The method was applied to R134a to test the thermodynamic consistency of a published p-p-T equation of state with an equation for p σ for this substance. It was also applied to evaluate published p σ data which are in disagreement by more than their claimed uncertainty.

Analytical study of mode degeneracy in non-Hermitian photonic crystals with TM-like polarization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Xuefan; Liang, Yong; Ni, Liangfu; Wang, Zhixin; Peng, Chao; Li, Zhengbin

2017-08-01

We present a study of the mode degeneracy in non-Hermitian photonic crystals (PC) with TM-like polarization and C4 v symmetry from the perspective of the coupled-wave theory (CWT). The CWT framework is extended to include TE-TM coupling terms which are critical for modeling the accidental triple degeneracy within non-Hermitian PC systems. We derive the analytical form of the wave function and the condition of Dirac-like-cone dispersion when radiation loss is relatively small. We find that, similar to a real Dirac cone, the Dirac-like cone in non-Hermitian PCs possesses good linearity and isotropy, even with a ring of exceptional points (EPs) inevitably existing in the vicinity of the second-order Γ point. However, the Berry phase remains zero at the Γ point, indicating the cone does not obey the Dirac equation and is only a Dirac-like cone. The topological modal interchange phenomenon and nonzero Berry phase of the EPs are also discussed.

Phase II Study of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Iniparib As Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative and BRCA1/2 Mutation–Associated Breast Cancer With Assessment of a Tumor-Based Measure of Genomic Instability: PrECOG 0105

PubMed Central

Telli, Melinda L.; Jensen, Kristin C.; Vinayak, Shaveta; Kurian, Allison W.; Lipson, Jafi A.; Flaherty, Patrick J.; Timms, Kirsten; Abkevich, Victor; Schackmann, Elizabeth A.; Wapnir, Irene L.; Carlson, Robert W.; Chang, Pei-Jen; Sparano, Joseph A.; Head, Bobbie; Goldstein, Lori J.; Haley, Barbara; Dakhil, Shaker R.; Reid, Julia E.; Hartman, Anne-Renee; Manola, Judith; Ford, James M.

2015-01-01

Purpose This study was designed to assess efficacy, safety, and predictors of response to iniparib in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer. Patients and Methods This single-arm phase II study enrolled patients with stage I to IIIA (T ≥ 1 cm) estrogen receptor–negative (≤ 5%), progesterone receptor–negative (≤ 5%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative or BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer. Neoadjuvant gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on days 1 and 8), carboplatin (area under curve of 2 IV on days 1 and 8), and iniparib (5.6 mg/kg IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11) were administered every 21 days for four cycles, until the protocol was amended to six cycles. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (no invasive carcinoma in breast or axilla). All patients underwent comprehensive BRCA1/2 genotyping, and homologous recombination deficiency was assessed by loss of heterozygosity (HRD-LOH) in pretreatment core breast biopsies. Results Among 80 patients, median age was 48 years; 19 patients (24%) had germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations; clinical stage was I (13%), IIA (36%), IIB (36%), and IIIA (15%). Overall pathologic complete response rate in the intent-to-treat population (n = 80) was 36% (90% CI, 27 to 46). Mean HRD-LOH scores were higher in responders compared with nonresponders (P = .02) and remained significant when BRCA1/2 germline mutations carriers were excluded (P = .021). Conclusion Preoperative combination of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib is active in the treatment of early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation–associated breast cancer. The HRD-LOH assay was able to identify patients with sporadic triple-negative breast cancer lacking a BRCA1/2 mutation, but with an elevated HRD-LOH score, who achieved a favorable pathologic response. Confirmatory controlled trials are warranted. PMID:25847929

The global phase diagram of the Gay-Berne model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Miguel, Enrique; Vega, Carlos

2002-10-01

The phase diagram of the Gay-Berne model with anisotropy parameters κ=3, κ'=5 has been evaluated by means of computer simulations. For a number of temperatures, NPT simulations were performed for the solid phase leading to the determination of the free energy of the solid at a reference density. Using the equation of state and free energies of the isotropic and nematic phases available in the existing literature the fluid-solid equilibrium was calculated for the temperatures selected. Taking these fluid-solid equilibrium results as the starting points, the fluid-solid equilibrium curve was determined for a wide range of temperatures using Gibbs-Duhem integration. At high temperatures the sequence of phases encountered on compression is isotropic to nematic, and then nematic to solid. For reduced temperatures below T=0.85 the sequence is from the isotropic phase directly to the solid state. In view of this we locate the isotropic-nematic-solid triple point at TINS=0.85. The present results suggest that the high-density phase designated smectic B in previous simulations of the model is in fact a molecular solid and not a smectic liquid crystal. It seems that no thermodynamically stable smectic phase appears for the Gay-Berne model with the choice of parameters used in this work. We locate the vapor-isotropic liquid-solid triple point at a temperature TVIS=0.445. Considering that the critical temperatures is Tc=0.473, the Gay-Berne model used in this work presents vapor-liquid separation over a rather narrow range of temperatures. It is suggested that the strong lateral attractive interactions present in the Gay-Berne model stabilizes the layers found in the solid phase. The large stability of the solid phase, particularly at low temperatures, would explain the unexpectedly small liquid range observed in the vapor-liquid region.

Thermodynamic Temperatures of the Triple Points of Mercury and Gallium and in the Interval 217 K to 303 K

PubMed Central

Moldover, M. R.; Boyes, S. J.; Meyer, C. W.; Goodwin, A. R. H.

1999-01-01

We measured the acoustic resonance frequencies of an argon-filled spherical cavity and the microwave resonance frequencies of the same cavity when evacuated. The microwave data were used to deduce the thermal expansion of the cavity and the acoustic data were fitted to a temperature-pressure surface to deduce zero-pressure speed-of-sound ratios. The ratios determine (T–T90), the difference between the Kelvin thermodynamic temperature T and the temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). The acoustic data fall on six isotherms: 217.0950 K, 234.3156 K, 253.1500 K, 273.1600 K, 293.1300 K, and 302.9166 K and the standard uncertainties of (T−T90) average 0.6 mK, depending mostly upon the model fitted to the acoustic data. Without reference to ITS-90, the data redetermine the triple point of gallium Tg and the mercury point Tm with the results: Tg/Tw = (1.108 951 6 ± 0.000 002 6) and Tm/Tw= (0.857 785 5 ± 0.000 002 0), where Tw = 273.16 K exactly. (All uncertainties are expressed as standard uncertainties.) The resonator was the same one that had been used to redetermine both the universal gas constant R, and Tg. However, the present value of Tg is (4.3 ± 0.8) mK larger than that reported earlier. We suggest that the earlier redetermination of Tg was erroneous because a virtual leak within the resonator contaminated the argon used at Tg in that work. This suggestion is supported by new acoustic data taken when the resonator was filled with xenon. Fortunately, the virtual leak did not affect the redetermination of R. The present work results in many suggestions for improving primary acoustic thermometry to achieve sub-millikelvin uncertainties over a wide temperature range.

The HRSC on Mars Express: Mert Davies' Involvement in a Novel Planetary Cartography Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oberst, J.; Waehlisch, M.; Giese, B.; Scholten, F.; Hoffmann, H.; Jaumann, R.; Neukum, G.

2002-12-01

Mert Davies was a team member of the HRSC (High Resolution Stereo Camera) imaging experiment (PI: Gerhard Neukum) on ESA's Mars Express mission. This pushbroom camera is equipped with 9 forward- and backward-looking CCD lines, 5184 samples each, mounted in parallel, perpendicular to the spacecraft velocity vector. Flight image data with resolutions of up to 10m/pix (from an altitude of 250 km) will be acquired line by line as the spacecraft moves. This acquisition strategy will result in 9 separate almost completely overlapping image strips, each of them having more than 27,000 image lines, typically. [HRSC is also equipped with a superresolution channel for imaging of selected targets at up to 2.3 m/pixel]. The combined operation of the nadir and off-nadir CCD lines (+18.9°, 0°, -18.9°) gives HRSC a triple-stereo capability for precision mapping of surface topography and for modelling of spacecraft orbit- and camera pointing errors. The goals of the camera are to obtain accurate control point networks, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in Mars-fixed coordinates, and color orthoimages at global (100% of the surface will be covered with resolutions better than 30m/pixel) and local scales. With his long experience in all aspects of planetary geodesy and cartography, Mert Davies was involved in the preparations of this novel Mars imaging experiment which included: (a) development of a ground data system for the analysis of triple-stereo images, (b) camera testing during airborne imaging campaigns, (c) re-analysis of the Mars control point network, and generation of global topographic orthoimage maps on the basis of MOC images and MOLA data, (d) definition of the quadrangle scheme for a new topographic image map series 1:200K, (e) simulation of synthetic HRSC imaging sequences and their photogrammetric analysis. Mars Express is scheduled for launch in May of 2003. We miss Mert very much!

Experimental results of use of triple-energy X-ray beam with K-edge filter in multi-energy imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, D.; Lee, S.; Jeon, P.-H.

2016-04-01

Multi-energy imaging is useful for contrast enhancement of lesions, quantitative analysis of specific materials and material separation in the human body. Generally, dual-energy methods are applied to discriminating two materials, but this method cannot discriminate more than two materials. Photon-counting detectors provide spectral information from polyenergetic X-rays using multiple energy bins. In this work, we developed triple-energy X-ray beams using a filter with K-edge energy and applied them experimentally. The energy spectra of triple-energy X-ray beams were assessed by using a spectrometer. The designed triple-energy X-ray beams were validated by measuring quantitative evaluations with mean energy ratio (MER), contrast variation ratio (CVR) and exposure efficiency (EE). Then, triple-energy X-ray beams were used to extract density map of three materials, iodine (I), aluminum (Al) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The results of the thickness density maps obtained with the developed triple-energy X-ray beams were compared to those acquired using the photon-counting method. As a result, it was found experimentally that the proposed triple-energy X-ray beam technique can separate the three materials as well as the photon-counting method.

The Evolution of the Indian Ocean Triple Junction and the Finite Rotation Problem.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

AD-AG&9 103 ~S HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MASS F/6 6/7 THE EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN OCEAN TRIPLE JUNCTION AND THE FINIT-ETC(U1 SEP 80 C R TAPSCOTT...1111flfl 1.4 111116 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART WHOI-80-37 THE EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN OCEAN TRIPLE JUNCTION AND THE FINITE ROTATION PROBLEM by...purpose of the United States Government. This thesis should be cited as: Christopher R. Tapscott, 1979. The Evolution of the Indian Ocean Triple Junction

Integration of Genomic, Biologic, and Chemical Approaches to Target p53 Loss and Gain-of-Function in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

dissertation research is determining the mechanism and “targetability” of a mutant p53-adapted state in triple-negative breast cancer . Tim’s...Negative Breast Cancer PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jennifer A. Pietenpol, Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: The Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN...Loss and Gain-of-Function in Triple Negative Breast Cancer 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER W81XWH-13-1-0287 p53 Loss and Gain-of-Function in Triple Negative

Don’t Like RDF Reification? Making Statements about Statements Using Singleton Property

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Vinh; Bodenreider, Olivier; Sheth, Amit

2015-01-01

Statements about RDF statements, or meta triples, provide additional information about individual triples, such as the source, the occurring time or place, or the certainty. Integrating such meta triples into semantic knowledge bases would enable the querying and reasoning mechanisms to be aware of provenance, time, location, or certainty of triples. However, an efficient RDF representation for such meta knowledge of triples remains challenging. The existing standard reification approach allows such meta knowledge of RDF triples to be expressed using RDF by two steps. The first step is representing the triple by a Statement instance which has subject, predicate, and object indicated separately in three different triples. The second step is creating assertions about that instance as if it is a statement. While reification is simple and intuitive, this approach does not have formal semantics and is not commonly used in practice as described in the RDF Primer. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called Singleton Property for representing statements about statements and provide a formal semantics for it. We explain how this singleton property approach fits well with the existing syntax and formal semantics of RDF, and the syntax of SPARQL query language. We also demonstrate the use of singleton property in the representation and querying of meta knowledge in two examples of Semantic Web knowledge bases: YAGO2 and BKR. Our experiments on the BKR show that the singleton property approach gives a decent performance in terms of number of triples, query length and query execution time compared to existing approaches. This approach, which is also simple and intuitive, can be easily adopted for representing and querying statements about statements in other knowledge bases. PMID:25750938

Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography in evaluation of triple-negative breast cancer: A preliminary experience.

PubMed

Wan, Jing; Wu, Rong; Yao, Minghua; Xu, Guang; Liu, Hui; Pu, Huan; Xiang, Lihua; Zhang, Shupin

2018-05-19

To assess the elastographic features of triple-negative breast cancers and evaluate the diagnostic value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) for the characterization of triple-negative breast cancers. This study analyzed data from 234 women with breast cancer. Patients were categorized into three groups; 1) triple-negative breast cancers (n = 48); 2) ER-positive tumors (n = 128) and 3) HER2-positive tumors (n = 58). Mean tumor stiffness was evaluated by virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) and virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) and quantified as both qualitative scores (1-5) and shear wave velocity (SWV) (m/s). The relationship between mean SWV and tumor parameters, including tumor size, tumor type, histologic grade and lymph node status, were investigated using multiple linear regression. Triple-negative tumor were more likely to have a large invasive size (p = 0.002), high histological grade (p < 0.001), lymph node involvement (p = 0.022) and strong ki-67 expression (p < 0.001). The highest mean SWV value were recorded in triple-negative tumors (7.36 m/s±1.83), followed by HER2+ tumors (6.65 m/s±2.26) and ER+ tumors (6.60 m/s±2.35) (p = 0.122). Triple-negative tumors were also associated with increased stiffness than ER+ tumors and HER2+ tumors (p = 0.016), as measured by qualitative VTI scores. Tumor size was independently associated with mean SWV value on adjusted regression (p < 0.001). Triple-negative breast cancer is associated with high stiffness scores and SWV in ARFI. The latter may be considered a useful complementary tool in evaluation of triple-negative breast cancer.

The minimal carcinoma triple stain is superior to commercially available multiplex immunohistochemical stains: breast triple stain and LC/DC breast cocktail.

PubMed

Ginter, Paula S; Varma, Sonal; Liu, Yi-Fang; Shin, Sandra J

2015-12-01

The Minimal Carcinoma (MC) Triple Stain is a tri-chromogen multiplex immunostain (CK7, p63, and E-cadherin) helpful in classifying morphologically ambiguous and/or small carcinomas as either ductal or lobular and/or in situ or invasive. We compared the utility of this stain with two commercially available duplex/multiplex immunostains: Breast Triple Stain (BTS) (Clarient, Aliso Viejo, CA; CK5, p63, and CK8/18) and LC/DC Breast Cocktail (LCDC) (Biocare, Concord, CA; E-cadherin and p120). Ninety-seven mammary carcinomas stained with the MC Triple Stain, BTS, and LCDC were compared. The MC Triple Stain, LCDC, and BTS were diagnostic in 90 (93%) of 97, 82 (85%) of 97, and 85 (88%) of 97 of cases, respectively. All stains showed decreased diagnostic utility due to variability in tissue integrity, quality of the staining, and/or ease of interpretation. In cases where all immunostains were interpretable, the MC Triple Stain yielded the most information. When technically sufficient, all three immunostains demonstrated relative strengths and weaknesses in their ability to provide diagnostic information with the highest consistency and ease of use. Many cases stained with LCDC were technically insufficient due to a suboptimal staining protocol provided by the company. Overall, the MC Triple Stain outperformed BTS and LCDC by more consistently providing more diagnostic information. The MC Triple Stain is a viable alternative to other multiplex immunostains in evaluating small foci of carcinoma, particularly when both the histologic type and extent of disease (in situ vs invasive) require clarification. Copyright© by the American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Comparison of two management strategies for Helicobacter pylori treatment: clinical study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

PubMed

Marko, Dritana; Calvet, Xavier; Ducons, Julio; Guardiola, Jordi; Tito, Llucia; Bory, Felipe

2005-02-01

First-line proton pump inhibitor-based triple and quadruple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication present similar levels of efficacy. Cross-over treatment (quadruple following triple failure, and triple following quadruple failure) seems the most sensible approach to treatment failures, but the two strategies -'quadruple first' versus 'triple first'- have not been previously compared. The aims of our study were to assess the usefulness and the cost-effectiveness of the two treatment strategies. Forty-nine out of 344 patients included in a previous study comparing triple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin twice a day - with quadruple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole twice a day, plus tetracycline, metronidazole and bismuth subcitrate three times a day - failed initial treatment and were assigned to cross-over therapy. Cure was determined by urea breath test. A decision analysis was performed to compare the two eradication strategies. Intention to treat cure rates were 46% (10/22 patients; 95% CI 24-68%) for second-line triple therapy and 63% (17/27 patients; 95% CI 42-81%) for second-line quadruple therapy. Per protocol cure rates were 71% and 85%, respectively. Intention to treat cure rates were 87% (95% CI 81-92%) for the 'triple first' versus 86% (95% CI 80-91%) for the 'quadruple first' strategy (p = .87). The 'quadruple first' strategy was more cost-effective. The incremental cost of 'triple first' strategy per person was 19 in the low-cost area and 65 US dollars in the high-cost area. The effectiveness of 'triple first' and 'quadruple first' strategies is similar, although the latter seems slightly more cost-effective.

Effect of Pretreatment with Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophillus on Tailored Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Tongtawee, Taweesak; Dechsukhum, Chavaboon; Leeanansaksiri, Wilairat; Kaewpitoon, Soraya; Kaewpitoon, Natthawut; Loyd, Ryan A; Matrakool, Likit; Panpimanmas, Sukij

2015-01-01

Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in gastric cancer and typical eradication regimens are no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophillus on tailored triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This prospective single-center study was conducted in Thailand. Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis patients were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 (n=100) was tailored triple therapy with placebo (esomeprazole 20 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid or metronidazole 400 mg tid if clarithromycin resistance and amoxicillin 1000 mg bid), and group 2 was tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt. Successful eradication was defined as both negative histology and negative rapid urease test at four weeks after treatment. A total of 200 infected patients were enrolled. PP analysis involved 194 patients: 96 in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) and 98 the in tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2). Successful eradication was observed in 170 (87.6%) patients; by PP analysis, the eradication rate was significantly higher in group 2 (P=0.04, 95%CI; 0.02-0.13) than in group 1. ITT analysis also showed that the value was significantly higher in the tailored triple threapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2) (89/100; 89%) than in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) (P=0.01, 95%CI; 0.04-0.15). In terms of adverse events, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt can improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with tailored triple therapy. Adding probiotics does not reduce adverse effects of the medication.

Prospective audit of a one-centre combined nuchal translucency and triple test programme for the detection of trisomy 21.

PubMed

Babbur, Vijayalakshmi; Lees, Christoph C; Goodburn, Sandra F; Morris, Nigel; Breeze, Andrew C G; Hackett, Gerald A

2005-06-01

To determine detection and false-positive rates for trisomy 21 using two-stage combined nuchal translucency (NT) and triple testing, whilst disclosing abnormal nuchal measurements at the scan. A prospective audit in a UK women's hospital, of 3188 women with singleton pregnancies, requesting screening for trisomy 21. Median age was 37 years (range 19-46). Women were offered NT screening at 11 to 14 weeks. Those with NT > or =3 mm were offered chorionic villus sampling. Those declining CVS, and those with NT <3 mm, were offered early triple tests. Women with a term combined risk of trisomy 21 > or = 1:250, based on age, NT, and triple test results were offered amniocentesis. Using a 3-mm NT 'cut-off' identified 16/25 cases of trisomy 21 (64%; 95% CI 38.8, 78.9). Of 2725 women who had a combined nuchal plus triple test assessment, 79 (2.6%) had a > or = 1:250 term risk of trisomy 21. Forty (1.3%) had amniocentesis identifying 6/9 remaining cases (67%:95% CI:27.9, 92.5). Overall, the detection rate was 88% (95% CI:68.8, 97.5) for a 4.8% FPR. For the screened population, to achieve an 88% detection rate using the triple test alone, the predicted FPR would be 20%. Conversely, for an FPR of 4.8% using the triple test alone, the detection rate would be only 60%. In a high-risk group, the combination of NT with triple test offers detection of trisomy 21 at least equivalent to either test, while allowing disclosure of an abnormal NT at the scan and reducing the FPR. Importantly, the FPR is less than 5%, considerably lower than expected for triple test alone for this population.

Competition of density waves and quantum multicritical behavior in Dirac materials from functional renormalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Classen, Laura; Herbut, Igor F.; Janssen, Lukas; Scherer, Michael M.

2016-03-01

We study the competition of spin- and charge-density waves and their quantum multicritical behavior for the semimetal-insulator transitions of low-dimensional Dirac fermions. Employing the effective Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theory with two order parameters as a model for graphene and a growing number of other two-dimensional Dirac materials allows us to describe the physics near the multicritical point at which the semimetallic and the spin- and charge-density-wave phases meet. With the help of a functional renormalization group approach, we are able to reveal a complex structure of fixed points, the stability properties of which decisively depend on the number of Dirac fermions Nf. We give estimates for the critical exponents and observe crucial quantitative corrections as compared to the previous first-order ɛ expansion. For small Nf, the universal behavior near the multicritical point is determined by the chiral Heisenberg universality class supplemented by a decoupled, purely bosonic, Ising sector. At large Nf, a novel fixed point with nontrivial couplings between all sectors becomes stable. At intermediate Nf, including the graphene case (Nf=2 ), no stable and physically admissible fixed point exists. Graphene's phase diagram in the vicinity of the intersection between the semimetal, antiferromagnetic, and staggered density phases should consequently be governed by a triple point exhibiting first-order transitions.

Government and Governance of Regional Triple Helix Interactions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danson, Mike; Todeva, Emanuela

2016-01-01

This conceptual paper contributes to the discussion of the role of regional government and regional Triple Helix constellations driving economic development and growth within regional boundaries. The impact of regionalism and subsidiarity on regional Triple Helix constellations, and the questions of governmentality, governance and institutional…

Development of 600 kV triple resonance pulse transformer.

PubMed

Li, Mingjia; Zhang, Faqiang; Liang, Chuan; Xu, Zhou

2015-06-01

In this paper, a triple-resonance pulse transformer based on an air-core transformer is introduced. The voltage across the high-voltage winding of the air-core transformer is significantly less than the output voltage; instead, the full output voltage appears across the tuning inductor. The maximum ratio of peak load voltage to peak transformer voltage is 2.77 in theory. By analyzing pulse transformer's lossless circuit, the analytical expression for the output voltage and the characteristic equation of the triple-resonance circuit are presented. Design method for the triple-resonance pulse transformer (iterated simulation method) is presented, and a triple-resonance pulse transformer is developed based on the existing air-core transformer. The experimental results indicate that the maximum ratio of peak voltage across the load to peak voltage across the high-voltage winding of the air-core transformer is approximately 2.0 and the peak output voltage of the triple-resonance pulse transformer is approximately 600 kV.

Common breast cancer susceptibility loci are associated with triple negative breast cancer

PubMed Central

Stevens, Kristen N.; Vachon, Celine M.; Lee, Adam M.; Slager, Susan; Lesnick, Timothy; Olswold, Curtis; Fasching, Peter A.; Miron, Penelope; Eccles, Diana; Carpenter, Jane E.; Godwin, Andrew K.; Ambrosone, Christine; Winqvist, Robert; Schmidt, Marjanka K.; Cox, Angela; Cross, Simon S.; Sawyer, Elinor; Hartmann, Arndt; Beckmann, Matthias W.; Schulz-Wendtland, Rüdiger; Ekici, Arif B.; Tapper, William J; Gerty, Susan M; Durcan, Lorraine; Graham, Nikki; Hein, Rebecca; Nickels, Stephan; Flesch-Janys, Dieter; Heinz, Judith; Sinn, Hans-Peter; Konstantopoulou, Irene; Fostira, Florentia; Pectasides, Dimitrios; Dimopoulos, Athanasios M.; Fountzilas, George; Clarke, Christine L.; Balleine, Rosemary; Olson, Janet E.; Fredericksen, Zachary; Diasio, Robert B.; Pathak, Harsh; Ross, Eric; Weaver, JoEllen; Rüdiger, Thomas; Försti, Asta; Dünnebier, Thomas; Ademuyiwa, Foluso; Kulkarni, Swati; Pylkäs, Katri; Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja; Ko, Yon-Dschun; Van Limbergen, Erik; Janssen, Hilde; Peto, Julian; Fletcher, Olivia; Giles, Graham G.; Baglietto, Laura; Verhoef, Senno; Tomlinson, Ian; Kosma, Veli-Matti; Beesley, Jonathan; Greco, Dario; Blomqvist, Carl; Irwanto, Astrid; Liu, Jianjun; Blows, Fiona M.; Dawson, Sarah-Jane; Margolin, Sara; Mannermaa, Arto; Martin, Nicholas G.; Montgomery, Grant W; Lambrechts, Diether; dos Santos Silva, Isabel; Severi, Gianluca; Hamann, Ute; Pharoah, Paul; Easton, Douglas F.; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis; Nevanlinna, Heli; Wang, Xianshu; Couch, Fergus J.

2012-01-01

Triple negative breast cancers are an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival, but there remains little known about the etiological factors which promote its initiation and development. Commonly inherited breast cancer risk factors identified through genome wide association studies (GWAS) display heterogeneity of effect among breast cancer subtypes as defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. In the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC), 22 common breast cancer susceptibility variants were investigated in 2,980 Caucasian women with triple negative breast cancer and 4,978 healthy controls. We identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with risk of triple negative breast cancer, including rs2046210 (ESR1), rs12662670 (ESR1), rs3803662 (TOX3), rs999737 (RAD51L1), rs8170 (19p13.11) and rs8100241 (19p13.11). Together, our results provide convincing evidence of genetic susceptibility for triple negative breast cancer. PMID:21844186

Comparative analysis of different configurations of PLC-based safety systems from reliability point of view

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tapia, Moiez A.

1993-01-01

The study of a comparative analysis of distinct multiplex and fault-tolerant configurations for a PLC-based safety system from a reliability point of view is presented. It considers simplex, duplex and fault-tolerant triple redundancy configurations. The standby unit in case of a duplex configuration has a failure rate which is k times the failure rate of the standby unit, the value of k varying from 0 to 1. For distinct values of MTTR and MTTF of the main unit, MTBF and availability for these configurations are calculated. The effect of duplexing only the PLC module or only the sensors and the actuators module, on the MTBF of the configuration, is also presented. The results are summarized and merits and demerits of various configurations under distinct environments are discussed.

Random crystal field effect on the magnetic and hysteresis behaviors of a spin-1 cylindrical nanowire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaim, N.; Zaim, A.; Kerouad, M.

2017-02-01

In this work, the magnetic behavior of the cylindrical nanowire, consisting of a ferromagnetic core of spin-1 atoms surrounded by a ferromagnetic shell of spin-1 atoms is studied in the presence of a random crystal field interaction. Based on Metropolis algorithm, the Monte Carlo simulation has been used to investigate the effects of the concentration of the random crystal field p, the crystal field D and the shell exchange interaction Js on the phase diagrams and the hysteresis behavior of the system. Some characteristic behaviors have been found, such as the first and second-order phase transitions joined by tricritical point for appropriate values of the system parameters, triple and isolated critical points can be also found. Depending on the Hamiltonian parameters, single, double and para hysteresis regions are explicitly determined.

Combining the Sterile Insect Technique with the Incompatible Insect Technique: III-Robust Mating Competitiveness of Irradiated Triple Wolbachia-Infected Aedes albopictus Males under Semi-Field Conditions.

PubMed

Zhang, Dongjing; Lees, Rosemary Susan; Xi, Zhiyong; Bourtzis, Kostas; Gilles, Jeremie R L

2016-01-01

Combination of the sterile insect technique with the incompatible insect technique is considered to be a safe approach to control Aedes albopictus populations in the absence of an accurate and scalable sex separation system or genetic sexing strain. Our previous study has shown that the triple Wolbachia-infected Ae. albopictus strain (wAlbA, wAlbB and wPip) was suitable for mass rearing and females could be completely sterilized as pupae with a radiation dose of at least 28 Gy. However, whether this radiation dose can influence the mating competitiveness of the triple infected males was still unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of irradiation on the male mating competitiveness of the triple infected strain under laboratory and semi-field conditions. The results herein indicate that irradiation with a lower, female-sterilizing dose has no negative impact on the longevity of triple infected males while a reduced lifespan was observed in the wild type males (wAlbA and wAlbB) irradiated with a higher male-sterilizing dose, in small cages. At different sterile: fertile release ratios in small cages, triple-infected males induced 39.8, 81.6 and 87.8% sterility in a wild type female population at 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1 release ratios, respectively, relative to a fertile control population. Similarly, irradiated triple infected males induced 31.3, 70.5 and 89.3% sterility at 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1 release ratios, respectively, again relative to the fertile control. Under semi-field conditions at a 5:1 release ratio, relative to wild type males, the mean male mating competitiveness index of 28 Gy irradiated triple-infected males was significantly higher than 35 Gy irradiated wild type males, while triple infected males showed no difference in mean mating competitiveness to either irradiated triple-infected or irradiated wild type males. An unexpected difference was also observed in the relative male mating competitiveness of the triple infected strain after irradiation at 28 Gy dose in small vs large cages, with a higher male mating competitiveness index calculated from results of experiments in the large cages. Based on these results, we consider that the male mating performance of the triple infected strain after irradiation at 28 Gy, a dose required for complete female sterility and the avoidance of population replacement, is approximately equal to that of the wild type males under semi-field conditions. Though field evaluation is required, this suggests that the triple infected strain is suitable for irradiation and release as part of a combined SIT-IIT approach to Ae. albopictus control.

Combining the Sterile Insect Technique with the Incompatible Insect Technique: III-Robust Mating Competitiveness of Irradiated Triple Wolbachia-Infected Aedes albopictus Males under Semi-Field Conditions

PubMed Central

Zhang, Dongjing; Lees, Rosemary Susan; Xi, Zhiyong; Bourtzis, Kostas; Gilles, Jeremie R. L.

2016-01-01

Combination of the sterile insect technique with the incompatible insect technique is considered to be a safe approach to control Aedes albopictus populations in the absence of an accurate and scalable sex separation system or genetic sexing strain. Our previous study has shown that the triple Wolbachia-infected Ae. albopictus strain (wAlbA, wAlbB and wPip) was suitable for mass rearing and females could be completely sterilized as pupae with a radiation dose of at least 28 Gy. However, whether this radiation dose can influence the mating competitiveness of the triple infected males was still unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of irradiation on the male mating competitiveness of the triple infected strain under laboratory and semi-field conditions. The results herein indicate that irradiation with a lower, female-sterilizing dose has no negative impact on the longevity of triple infected males while a reduced lifespan was observed in the wild type males (wAlbA and wAlbB) irradiated with a higher male-sterilizing dose, in small cages. At different sterile: fertile release ratios in small cages, triple-infected males induced 39.8, 81.6 and 87.8% sterility in a wild type female population at 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1 release ratios, respectively, relative to a fertile control population. Similarly, irradiated triple infected males induced 31.3, 70.5 and 89.3% sterility at 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1 release ratios, respectively, again relative to the fertile control. Under semi-field conditions at a 5:1 release ratio, relative to wild type males, the mean male mating competitiveness index of 28 Gy irradiated triple-infected males was significantly higher than 35 Gy irradiated wild type males, while triple infected males showed no difference in mean mating competitiveness to either irradiated triple-infected or irradiated wild type males. An unexpected difference was also observed in the relative male mating competitiveness of the triple infected strain after irradiation at 28 Gy dose in small vs large cages, with a higher male mating competitiveness index calculated from results of experiments in the large cages. Based on these results, we consider that the male mating performance of the triple infected strain after irradiation at 28 Gy, a dose required for complete female sterility and the avoidance of population replacement, is approximately equal to that of the wild type males under semi-field conditions. Though field evaluation is required, this suggests that the triple infected strain is suitable for irradiation and release as part of a combined SIT-IIT approach to Ae. albopictus control. PMID:26990981

Teaching Triple Science: GCSE Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning and Skills Network (NJ3), 2007

2007-01-01

The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) has contracted with the Learning and Skills Network to support awareness and take-up of Triple Science GCSEs through the Triple Science Support Programme. This publication provides an introduction to teaching and learning approaches for the extension topics within GCSE Chemistry. It…

40 CFR 60.244 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fertilizer Industry: Granular Triple Superphosphate Storage Facilities § 60.244 Test methods and procedures... quantities of product are being cured or stored in the facility. (1) Total granular triple superphosphate is at least 10 percent of the building capacity, and (2) Fresh granular triple superphosphate is at...

40 CFR 60.244 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fertilizer Industry: Granular Triple Superphosphate Storage Facilities § 60.244 Test methods and procedures... quantities of product are being cured or stored in the facility. (1) Total granular triple superphosphate is at least 10 percent of the building capacity, and (2) Fresh granular triple superphosphate is at...

Report to the CCT on COOMET comparison COOMET.T-K3.1 (previously COOMET.T-S1): Key regional comparison of the national standards of temperature in the range from the triple point of water to the freezing point of zinc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokhodun, A. I.

2010-01-01

In the framework of the CIPM MRA, a first COOMET comparison "Comparison of the ITS-90 realizations in the range from 0.01 °C to 429.7485 °C (from the triple point of water to the freezing point of zinc)", registered in the KCDB under the identifier "COOMET.T-K3", was carried out in 2005-2007. Four national metrology institutes took part in this comparison: VNIIM (Russian Federation), SMU (Slovakia), BelGIM (Republic of Belarus) and NSC IM (Ukraine), and two of them (VNIIM and SMU) ensured the linkage with key comparisons CCT-K3 and CCT-K4, in order to disseminate the metrological equivalence to the measurement standards of NSC IM and BelGIM. NSC IM, however, had to withdraw its results, and at the meeting of Technical Committee T-10 of COOMET it was decided to carry out a supplementary bilateral comparison between VNIIM and the NSC IM for realization of the ITS-90 in the same range of temperature. This was registered in the KCDB under the identifier COOMET.T-S1 and measurements were performed in 2008-2009. From the results presented in this report, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the COOMET supplementary comparison COOMET.T-S1 demonstrates the CMC uncertainties claimed by the NSC IM for the melting point of gallium 0.236 mK (k = 2), and the freezing points of indium 1.040 mK (k = 2), tin 0.858 mK (k = 2) and zinc 0.944 mK (k = 2). In September 2012 the Working Group on key Comparisons (WG 7) of the CCT upgraded this comparison to a COOMET key comparison of the 'CCT-K3' type. It is now identified as COOMET.T-K3.1. In April 2013 this report was superseded by item 03006 in the Technical Supplement of 2013. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Diagnostic performance of a streamlined 18F-choline PET-CT protocol for the detection of prostate carcinoma recurrence in combination with appropriate-use criteria.

PubMed

Frood, R; Baren, J; McDermott, G; Bottomley, D; Patel, C; Scarsbrook, A

2018-04-30

To evaluate the efficacy of single time-point half-body (skull base to thighs) fluorine-18 choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) compared to a triple-phase acquisition protocol in the detection of prostate carcinoma recurrence. Consecutive choline PET-CT studies performed at a single tertiary referral centre in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate carcinoma between September 2012 and March 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The indication for the study, imaging protocol used, imaging findings, whether management was influenced by the PET-CT, and subsequent patient outcome were recorded. Ninety-one examinations were performed during the study period; 42 were carried out using a triple-phase protocol (dynamic pelvic imaging for 20 minutes after tracer injection, half-body acquisition at 60 minutes and delayed pelvic scan at 90 minutes) between 2012 and August 2015. Subsequently following interim review of diagnostic performance, a streamlined protocol and appropriate-use criteria were introduced. Forty-nine examinations were carried out using the single-phase protocol between 2015 and 2017. Twenty-nine (69%) of the triple-phase studies were positive for recurrence compared to 38 (78%) of the single-phase studies. Only one patient who had a single-phase study would have benefited from a dynamic acquisition, they have required no further treatment or imaging and are currently under prostate-specific antigen (PSA) surveillance. Choline PET-CT remains a useful tool for the detection of prostate recurrence when used in combination with appropriate-use criteria. Removal of dynamic and delayed acquisition phases reduces study time without adversely affecting accuracy. Benefits include shorter imaging time which improves patient comfort, reduced cost, and improved scanner efficiency. Copyright © 2018 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efficacy and complications associated with a modified inferior alveolar nerve block technique. A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial

PubMed Central

Montserrat-Bosch, Marta; Nogueira-Magalhães, Pedro; Arnabat-Dominguez, Josep; Valmaseda-Castellón, Eduard; Gay-Escoda, Cosme

2014-01-01

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and complication rates of two different techniques for inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB). Study Design: A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial comprising 109 patients who required lower third molar removal was performed. In the control group, all patients received an IANB using the conventional Halsted technique, whereas in the experimental group, a modified technique using a more inferior injection point was performed. Results: A total of 100 patients were randomized. The modified technique group showed a significantly higher onset time in the lower lip and chin area, and was frequently associated to a lingual electric discharge sensation. Three failures were recorded, 2 of them in the experimental group. No relevant local or systemic complications were registered. Conclusions: Both IANB techniques used in this trial are suitable for lower third molar removal. However, performing an inferior alveolar nerve block in a more inferior position (modified technique) extends the onset time, does not seem to reduce the risk of intravascular injections and might increase the risk of lingual nerve injuries. Key words:Dental anesthesia, inferior alveolar nerve block, lidocaine, third molar, intravascular injection. PMID:24608204

Project ABLE: (Atmospheric Balloonborne Lidar Experiment)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepherd, O.; Aurilio, G.; Bucknam, R. D.; Hurd, A. G.; Sheehan, W. H.

1985-03-01

Project ABLE (Atmospheric Balloonborne Lidar Experiment) is part of the A.F. Geophysics Laboratory's continuing interest in developing techniques for making remote measurements of atmospheric quantities such as density, pressure, temperatures, and wind motions. The system consists of a balloonborne lidar payload designed to measure neutral molecular density as a function of altitude from ground level to 70 km. The lidar provides backscatter data at the doubled and tripled frequencies of a Nd:YAG laser, which will assist in the separation of the molecular and aerosol contributions and subsequent determination of molecular and aerosol contributions and subsequent determination of molecular density vs altitude. The object of this contract was to fabricate and operate in a field test a balloonborne lidar experiment capable of performing nighttime atmospheric density measurements up to 70 km altitude with a resolution of 150 meters. The payload included a frequency-doubled and -tripled Nd:YAG laser with outputs at 355 and 532 nm; a telescoped receiver with PMT detectors; a command-controlled optical pointing system; and support system, including thermal control, telmetry, command, and power. Successful backscatter measurements were made during field operations which included a balloon launch from Roswell, NM and a flight over the White Sands Missile Range.

Innovative asthma health promotion by rural community pharmacists: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Kritikos, Vicky; Saini, Bandana; Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia Z; Krass, Ines; Shah, Smita; Taylor, Susan; Armour, Carol

2005-04-01

Asthma awareness in a rural community and the involvement of the community pharmacist in proactive health promotion. Between September 2002 and May 2003, seven community pharmacists from Orange, a rural town in New South Wales, were trained to provide two asthma outreach programs: one targeting adolescents in high schools (Year 11 students) using Triple A training; and a public forum on asthma for the wider community. There was a significant increase in the mean asthma knowledge scores of Year 11 students in each high school after Triple A training. From the multivariate analysis, although there was a significant increase in mean asthma knowledge scores over time (F=101.09, df=1, p<0.001), there were no differences between high schools (F=2.79, df=2, p>0.05). There was a significant increase in the proportion of asthma-related pharmacy visits involving requests for information on asthma and on asthma devices at the four different time points. The study provided a unique opportunity for community pharmacists to increase asthma awareness in a rural setting. The study demonstrated that it is feasible for rural community pharmacists to become involved in proactive health promotion and effectively provide asthma outreach programs.

Suppression of the emittance growth induced by coherent synchrotron radiation in triple-bend achromats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Xi-Yang; Jiao, Yi; Xu, Gang; Cui, Xiao-Hao

2015-05-01

The coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effect in a bending path plays an important role in transverse emittance dilution in high-brightness light sources and linear colliders, where the electron beams are of short bunch length and high peak current. Suppression of the emittance growth induced by CSR is critical to preserve the beam quality and help improve the machine performance. It has been shown that the CSR effect in a double-bend achromat (DBA) can be analyzed with the two-dimensional point-kick analysis method. In this paper, this method is applied to analyze the CSR effect in a triple-bend achromat (TBA) with symmetric layout, which is commonly used in the optics designs of energy recovery linacs (ERLs). A condition of cancelling the CSR linear effect in such a TBA is obtained, and is verified through numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that emittance preservation can be achieved with this condition, and to a large extent, has a high tolerance to the fluctuation of the initial transverse phase space distribution of the beam. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11475202, 11405187) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015009)

Search for and Study of Nearly Periodic Orbits in the Plane Problem of Three Equal-Mass Bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martynova, A. I.; Orlov, V. V.

2005-09-01

We analyze nearly periodic solutions in the plane problem of three equal-mass bodies by numerically simulating the dynamics of triple systems. We identify families of orbits in which all three points are on one straight line (syzygy) at the initial time. In this case, at fixed total energy of a triple system, the set of initial conditions is a bounded region in four-dimensional parameter space. We scan this region and identify sets of trajectories in which the coordinates and velocities of all bodies are close to their initial values at certain times (which are approximately multiples of the period). We classify the nearly periodic orbits by the structure of trajectory loops over one period. We have found the families of orbits generated by von Schubart’s stable periodic orbit revealed in the rectilinear three-body problem. We have also found families of hierarchical, nearly periodic trajectories with prograde and retrograde motions. In the orbits with prograde motions, the trajectory loops of two close bodies form looplike structures. The trajectories with retrograde motions are characterized by leafed structures. Orbits with central and axial symmetries are identified among the families found.

Three trocar laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass: a novel technique en route to the single-incision laparoscopic approach.

PubMed

Saber, Alan A; Elgamal, Mohamed H; El-Ghazaly, Tarek H; Elian, Alain R; Dewoolkar, Aditya V; Akl, Abir Hassan

2010-01-01

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold standard bariatric procedure. Typically, the procedure necessitates five to seven small skin incisions for trocar placement. The senior author (AA Saber) has developed a three-trocar approach for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Sixteen patients underwent triple-incision laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between May 2009 and August 2009. The same surgeon performed all surgical interventions. The umbilicus was the main point of entry for all patients and the same operative technique and perioperative protocol were used in all patients. A total of sixteen triple-incision laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses were performed. The procedures were successfully performed in all patients. Mean operating time was 145.4 min. None of the patients required conversion to an open procedure. There were no mortalities or post-operative technical complications noted during the immediate post-operative period. Three trocar laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is safe, technically feasible and reproducible. This technique may be considered a "precursor" to single-incision laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Copyright 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Primary Health Care in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Brazilian Locality of the International Triple Frontier

PubMed Central

Silva-Sobrinho, Reinaldo Antonio; Wysocki, Anneliese Domingues; Scatena, Lúcia Marina; Pinto, Erika Simone Galvão; Beraldo, Aline Ale; Andrade, Rubia Laine Paula; Zilly, Adriana; Munhak da Silva, Rosane Meire; Gomes, Michela Prestes; Mayer, Paulo César Morales; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio; Villa, Tereza Cristina Scatena

2017-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality. Methods: The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory. Results: The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control. Conclusion: The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases. PMID:29204229

A new analytical solution solved by triple series equations method for constant-head tests in confined aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Ya-Chi; Yeh, Hund-Der

2010-06-01

The constant-head pumping tests are usually employed to determine the aquifer parameters and they can be performed in fully or partially penetrating wells. Generally, the Dirichlet condition is prescribed along the well screen and the Neumann type no-flow condition is specified over the unscreened part of the test well. The mathematical model describing the aquifer response to a constant-head test performed in a fully penetrating well can be easily solved by the conventional integral transform technique under the uniform Dirichlet-type condition along the rim of wellbore. However, the boundary condition for a test well with partial penetration should be considered as a mixed-type condition. This mixed boundary value problem in a confined aquifer system of infinite radial extent and finite vertical extent is solved by the Laplace and finite Fourier transforms in conjunction with the triple series equations method. This approach provides analytical results for the drawdown in a partially penetrating well for arbitrary location of the well screen in a finite thickness aquifer. The semi-analytical solutions are particularly useful for the practical applications from the computational point of view.

Numerical and experimental investigation into the subsequent thermal cycling during selective laser melting of multi-layer 316L stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jian; Pang, Zhicong

2018-01-01

Subsequent thermal cycling (STC), as the unique thermal behavior during the multi-layer manufacturing process of selective laser melting (SLM), brings about unique microstructure of the as-produced parts. A multi-layer finite element (FE) model was proposed to study the STC along with a contrast experiment. The FE simulational results show that as layer increases, the maximum temperature, dimensions and liquid lifetime of the molten pool increase, while the heating and cooling rates decrease. The maximum temperature point shifts into the molten pool, and central of molten pool shifts backward. The neighborly underlying layer can be remelted thoroughly when laser irradiates a powder layer, thus forming an excellent bonding between neighbor layers. The contrast experimental results between the single-layer and triple-layer samples show that grains in of latter become coarsen and tabular along the height direction compared with those of the former. Moreover, this effect become more serious in 2nd and 1st layers in the triple-layer sample. All the above illustrate that the STC has an significant influence on the thermal behavior during SLM process, and thus affects the microstructure of SLMed parts.

Predicting the enthalpies of melting and vaporization for pure components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esina, Z. N.; Korchuganova, M. R.

2014-12-01

A mathematical model of the melting and vaporization enthalpies of organic components based on the theory of thermodynamic similarity is proposed. In this empirical model, the phase transition enthalpy for the homological series of n-alkanes, carboxylic acids, n-alcohols, glycols, and glycol ethers is presented as a function of the molecular mass, the number of carbon atoms in a molecule, and the normal transition temperature. The model also uses a critical or triple point temperature. It is shown that the results from predicting the melting and vaporization enthalpies enable the calculation of binary phase diagrams.

Thermodynamic and related properties of parahydrogen from the triple point to 300 K at pressures to 1000 bar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weber, L. A.

1975-01-01

Compressibility measurements and thermodynamic properties data for parahydrogen were extended to higher temperatures and pressures. Results of an experimental program are presented in the form of new pressure, volume and temperature data in the temperature range 23 to 300 K at pressures up to 800 bar. Also given are tables of thermodynamic properties on isobars to 1000 bar including density, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heats at constant volume and constant pressure, velocity of sound, and surface derivatives. The accuracy of the data is discussed and comparisons are made with previous data.

The HCO+-H2 van der Waals interaction: Potential energy and scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massó, H.; Wiesenfeld, L.

2014-11-01

We compute the rigid-body, four-dimensional interaction potential between HCO+ and H2. The ab initio energies are obtained at the coupled-cluster single double triple level of theory, corrected for Basis Set Superposition Errors. The ab initio points are fit onto the spherical basis relevant for quantum scattering. We present elastic and rotationally inelastic coupled channels scattering between low lying rotational levels of HCO+ and para-/ortho-H2. Results are compared with similar earlier computations with He or isotropic para-H2 as the projectile. Computations agree with earlier pressure broadening measurements.

The HCO⁺-H₂ van der Waals interaction: potential energy and scattering.

PubMed

Massó, H; Wiesenfeld, L

2014-11-14

We compute the rigid-body, four-dimensional interaction potential between HCO(+) and H2. The ab initio energies are obtained at the coupled-cluster single double triple level of theory, corrected for Basis Set Superposition Errors. The ab initio points are fit onto the spherical basis relevant for quantum scattering. We present elastic and rotationally inelastic coupled channels scattering between low lying rotational levels of HCO(+) and para-/ortho-H2. Results are compared with similar earlier computations with He or isotropic para-H2 as the projectile. Computations agree with earlier pressure broadening measurements.

Mach disk from underexpanded axisymmetric nozzle flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chang, I.-S.; Chow, W. L.

1974-01-01

The flowfield associated with the underexpanded axisymmetric nozzle freejet flow including the appearance of a Mach disk has been studied. It is shown that the location and size of the Mach disk are governed by the appearance of a triple-point shock configuration and the condition that the central core flow will reach a state of 'choking at a throat'. It is recognized that coalescence of waves requires special attention and the reflected wave, as well as the vorticity generated from these wave interactions, have to be taken accurately into account. The theoretical results obtained agreed well with the experimental data.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Characteristics of Spherical Shock Waves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huber, Paul W.; McFarland, Donald R.

1959-01-01

Measurements of peak overpressure and Mach stem height were made at four burst heights. Data were obtained with instrumentation capable of directly observing the variation of shock wave movement with time. Good similarity of free air shock peak overpressure with larger scale data was found to exist. The net effect of surface roughness on shock peak overpressures slightly. Surface roughness delayed the Mach stem formation at the greatest charge height and lowered the growth at all burst heights. A similarity parameter was found which approximately correlates the triple point path at different burst heights.

Cross-Correlation for Automated Stitching of Two-Dimensional Multi-Tile Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

270 350x 650 (25, 26) 2 20 Ni-15Al- 5Cr+C,B,Zr 187 x 187 500x 44 ( 4 , 11) 0.5 40 A. Coarse grain, single phase α- titanium The coarse grained... titanium alloy serves as an instructive example because, as evident in Figure 4 (a), only one triple point and one grain boundary appear in the search...wpafb.af.mil Figure 4 . Crystal orientation maps for the first (left) and second (current) tiles of (a) coarse grained α- Titanium , (b) a 2x2 array of a

Ince-gauss based multiple intermodal phase-matched third-harmonic generations in a step-index silica optical fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borne, Adrien; Katsura, Tomotaka; Félix, Corinne; Doppagne, Benjamin; Segonds, Patricia; Bencheikh, Kamel; Levenson, Juan Ariel; Boulanger, Benoit

2016-01-01

Several third-harmonic generation processes were performed in a single step-index germanium-doped silica optical fiber under intermodal phase-matching conditions. The nanosecond fundamental beam range between 1400 and 1600 nm. The transverse distributions of the energy were successfully modeled in the form of Ince-Gauss modes, pointing out some ellipticity of fiber core. From these experiments and theoretical calculations, we discuss the implementation of frequency degenerated triple photon generation that shares the same phase-matching condition as third-harmonic generation, which is its reverse process.

Effect of dispersion forces on the capillary-wave fluctuations of liquid surfaces.

PubMed

Chacón, Enrique; Fernández, Eva M; Tarazona, Pedro

2014-04-01

We present molecular dynamics evidence for the nonanalytic effects of the long-range dispersion forces on the capillary waves fluctuations of a Lennard-Jones liquid surface. The results of the intrinsic sampling method, for the analysis of the instantaneous interfacial shape, are obtained in large systems for several cut-off distances of the potential tail, and they show good agreement with the theoretical prediction by Napiórkowski and Dietrich, based on a density functional analysis. The enhancement of the capillary waves is quantified to be within 1% for a simple liquid near its triple point.

Hydrogen slush density reference system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weitzel, D. H.; Lowe, L. T.; Ellerbruch, D. A.; Cruz, J. E.; Sindt, C. F.

1971-01-01

A hydrogen slush density reference system was designed for calibration of field-type instruments and/or transfer standards. The device is based on the buoyancy principle of Archimedes. The solids are weighed in a low-mass container so arranged that solids and container are buoyed by triple-point liquid hydrogen during the weighing process. Several types of hydrogen slush density transducers were developed and tested for possible use as transfer standards. The most successful transducers found were those which depend on change in dielectric constant, after which the Clausius-Mossotti function is used to relate dielectric constant and density.

Faster simulation plots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fowell, Richard A.

1989-01-01

Most simulation plots are heavily oversampled. Ignoring unnecessary data points dramatically reduces plot time with imperceptible effect on quality. The technique is suited to most plot devices. The departments laser printer's speed was tripled for large simulation plots by data thinning. This reduced printer delays without the expense of a faster laser printer. Surpisingly, it saved computer time as well. All plot data are now thinned, including PostScript and terminal plots. The problem, solution, and conclusions are described. The thinning algorithm is described and performance studies are presented. To obtain FORTRAN 77 or C source listings, mail a SASE to the author.

Building of Equations of State with Numerous Phase Transitions — Application to Bismuth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heuzé, Olivier

2006-07-01

We propose an algorithm to build complete equation of state EOS including several solid/solid or solid/liquid phase transitions. Each phase has its own EOS and independent parameters. The phase diagram is deduced from the thermodynamic equilibrium assumption. Until now, such an approach was used in simple cases and limited to 2 or 3 phases. We have applied it in the general case to bismuth for which up to 13 phases have been identified. This study shows the great influence of binary mixtures and triple points properties in released isentropes after shock waves.

Design Rule for Colloidal Crystals of DNA-Functionalized Particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez-Veracoechea, Francisco J.; Mladek, Bianca M.; Tkachenko, Alexei V.; Frenkel, Daan

2011-07-01

We report a Monte Carlo simulation study of the phase behavior of colloids coated with long, flexible DNA chains. We find that an important change occurs in the phase diagram when the number of DNAs per colloid is decreased below a critical value. In this case, the triple point disappears and the condensed phase that coexists with the vapor is always liquid. Our simulations thus explain why, in the dilute solutions typically used in experiments, colloids coated with a small number of DNA strands cannot crystallize. We understand this behavior in terms of the discrete nature of DNA binding.

Triple Value System Dynamics Modeling to Help Stakeholders Engage with Food-Energy-Water Problems

EPA Science Inventory

Triple Value (3V) Community scoping projects and Triple Value Simulation (3VS) models help decision makers and stakeholders apply systems-analysis methodology to complex problems related to food production, water quality, and energy use. 3VS models are decision support tools that...

Teaching Triple Science: GCSE Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning and Skills Network (NJ3), 2007

2007-01-01

The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) has contracted with the Learning and Skills Network to support awareness and take-up of Triple Science GCSEs through the Triple Science Support Programme. This publication provides an introduction to teaching and learning approaches for the extension topics within GCSE Biology. It highlights…

40 CFR 60.231 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Superphosphate Plants § 60.231 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Triple superphosphate plant means any... triple superphosphate plant includes curing and storing. (b) Run-of-pile triple superphosphate means any...

40 CFR 60.231 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Superphosphate Plants § 60.231 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Triple superphosphate plant means any... triple superphosphate plant includes curing and storing. (b) Run-of-pile triple superphosphate means any...

40 CFR 60.231 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Superphosphate Plants § 60.231 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Triple superphosphate plant means any... triple superphosphate plant includes curing and storing. (b) Run-of-pile triple superphosphate means any...

40 CFR 60.231 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Superphosphate Plants § 60.231 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part. (a) Triple superphosphate plant means any... triple superphosphate plant includes curing and storing. (b) Run-of-pile triple superphosphate means any...

Continuous-Variable Triple-Photon States Quantum Entanglement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, E. A. Rojas; Borne, A.; Boulanger, B.; Levenson, J. A.; Bencheikh, K.

2018-01-01

We investigate the quantum entanglement of the three modes associated with the three-photon states obtained by triple-photon generation in a phase-matched third-order nonlinear optical interaction. Although the second-order processes have been extensively dealt with, there is no direct analogy between the second and third-order mechanisms. We show, for example, the absence of quantum entanglement between the quadratures of the three modes in the case of spontaneous parametric triple-photon generation. However, we show robust, seeding-dependent, genuine triple-photon entanglement in the fully seeded case.

On Pythagoras Theorem for Products of Spectral Triples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Andrea, Francesco; Martinetti, Pierre

2013-05-01

We discuss a version of Pythagoras theorem in noncommutative geometry. Usual Pythagoras theorem can be formulated in terms of Connes' distance, between pure states, in the product of commutative spectral triples. We investigate the generalization to both non-pure states and arbitrary spectral triples. We show that Pythagoras theorem is replaced by some Pythagoras inequalities, that we prove for the product of arbitrary (i.e. non-necessarily commutative) spectral triples, assuming only some unitality condition. We show that these inequalities are optimal, and we provide non-unital counter-examples inspired by K-homology.

Continuous-Variable Triple-Photon States Quantum Entanglement.

PubMed

González, E A Rojas; Borne, A; Boulanger, B; Levenson, J A; Bencheikh, K

2018-01-26

We investigate the quantum entanglement of the three modes associated with the three-photon states obtained by triple-photon generation in a phase-matched third-order nonlinear optical interaction. Although the second-order processes have been extensively dealt with, there is no direct analogy between the second and third-order mechanisms. We show, for example, the absence of quantum entanglement between the quadratures of the three modes in the case of spontaneous parametric triple-photon generation. However, we show robust, seeding-dependent, genuine triple-photon entanglement in the fully seeded case.

Intramolecular triple helix as a model for regular polyribonucleotide (CAA)(n).

PubMed

Efimov, Alexander V; Spirin, Alexander S

2009-10-09

The regular (CAA)(n) polyribonucleotide, as well as the omega leader sequence containing (CAA)-rich core, have recently been shown to form cooperatively melted and compact structures. In this report, we propose a structural model for the (CAA)(n) sequence in which the polyribonucleotide chain is folded upon itself, so that it forms an intramolecular triple helix. The triple helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between bases thus forming coplanar triads, and by stacking interactions between the base triads. A distinctive feature of the proposed triple helix is that it does not contain the canonical double-helix elements. The difference from the known triple helices is that Watson-Crick hydrogen bond pairings do not take place in the interactions between the bases within the base triads.

Cycle simulation of the low-temperature triple-effect absorption chiller with vapor compression unit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, J.S.; Lee, H.

1999-07-01

The construction of a triple-effect absorption chiller machine using the lithium bromide-water solution as a working fluid is strongly limited by corrosion problems caused by the high generator temperature. In this work, three new cycles having the additional vapor compression units were suggested in order to lower the generator temperature of a triple-effect absorption chiller. Each new cycle has one compressor located at the different position which was used to elevate the pressure of the refrigerant vapor. Computer simulations were carried out in order to examine both the basic triple-effect cycle and three new cycles. All types of triple-effect absorptionmore » chiller cycles were found to be able to lower the temperature of high-temperature generator to the more favorable operation range. The COPs of three cycles calculated by considering the additional compressor works showed a small level of decrease or increase compared with that of the basic triple-effect cycle. Consequently, a low-temperature triple-effect absorption chiller can be possibly constructed by adapting one of three new cycles. A great advantage of these new cycles over the basic one is that the conventionally used lithium bromide-water solution can be successfully used as a working fluid without the danger of corrosion.« less

TGMI: an efficient algorithm for identifying pathway regulators through evaluation of triple-gene mutual interaction

PubMed Central

Gunasekara, Chathura; Zhang, Kui; Deng, Wenping; Brown, Laura

2018-01-01

Abstract Despite their important roles, the regulators for most metabolic pathways and biological processes remain elusive. Presently, the methods for identifying metabolic pathway and biological process regulators are intensively sought after. We developed a novel algorithm called triple-gene mutual interaction (TGMI) for identifying these regulators using high-throughput gene expression data. It first calculated the regulatory interactions among triple gene blocks (two pathway genes and one transcription factor (TF)), using conditional mutual information, and then identifies significantly interacted triple genes using a newly identified novel mutual interaction measure (MIM), which was substantiated to reflect strengths of regulatory interactions within each triple gene block. The TGMI calculated the MIM for each triple gene block and then examined its statistical significance using bootstrap. Finally, the frequencies of all TFs present in all significantly interacted triple gene blocks were calculated and ranked. We showed that the TFs with higher frequencies were usually genuine pathway regulators upon evaluating multiple pathways in plants, animals and yeast. Comparison of TGMI with several other algorithms demonstrated its higher accuracy. Therefore, TGMI will be a valuable tool that can help biologists to identify regulators of metabolic pathways and biological processes from the exploded high-throughput gene expression data in public repositories. PMID:29579312

On the stability and collisions in triple stellar systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Matthias Y.; Petrovich, Cristobal

2018-02-01

A significant fraction of main-sequence (MS) stars are part of a triple system. We study the long-term stability and dynamical outcomes of triple stellar systems using a large number of long-term direct N-body integrations with relativistic precession. We find that the previously proposed stability criteria by Eggleton & Kiseleva and Mardling & Aarseth predict the stability against ejections reasonably well for a wide range of parameters. Assuming that the triple stellar systems follow orbital and mass distributions from FGK binary stars in the field, we find that ˜ 1 per cent and ˜ 0.5 per cent of the triple systems lead to a direct head-on collision (impact velocity ˜ escape velocity) between MS stars and between a MS star and a stellar-mass compact object, respectively. We conclude that triple interactions are the dominant channel for direct collisions involving a MS star in the field with a rate of one event every ˜100 years in the Milky Way. We estimate that the fraction of triple systems that form short-period binaries is up to ˜ 23 per cent with only up to ˜ 13 per cent being the result of three-body interactions with tidal dissipation, which is consistent with previous work using a secular code.

Handling the satellite inter-frequency biases in triple-frequency observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Lewen; Ye, Shirong; Song, Jia

2017-04-01

The new generation of GNSS satellites, including BDS, Galileo, modernized GPS, and GLONASS, transmit navigation sdata at more frequencies. Multi-frequency signals open new prospects for precise positioning, but satellite code and phase inter-frequency biases (IFB) induced by the third frequency need to be handled. Satellite code IFB can be corrected using products estimated by different strategies, the theoretical and numerical compatibility of these methods need to be proved. Furthermore, a new type of phase IFB, which changes with the relative sun-spacecraft-earth geometry, has been observed. It is necessary to investigate the cause and possible impacts of phase Time-variant IFB (TIFB). Therefore, we present systematic analysis to illustrate the relevancy between satellite clocks and phase TIFB, and compare the handling strategies of the code and phase IFB in triple-frequency positioning. First, the un-differenced L1/L2 satellite clock corrections considering the hardware delays are derived. And IFB induced by the dual-frequency satellite clocks to triple-frequency PPP model is detailed. The analysis shows that estimated satellite clocks actually contain the time-variant phase hardware delays, which can be compensated in L1/L2 ionosphere-free combinations. However, the time-variant hardware delays will lead to TIFB if the third frequency is used. Then, the methods used to correct the code and phase IFB are discussed. Standard point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) using BDS observations are carried out to validate the improvement of different IFB correction strategies. Experiments show that code IFB derived from DCB or geometry-free and ionosphere-free combination show an agreement of 0.3 ns for all satellites. Positioning results and error distribution with two different code IFB correcting strategies achieve similar tendency, which shows their substitutability. The original and wavelet filtered phase TIFB long-term series show significant periodical characteristic for most GEO and IGSO satellites, with the magnitude varies between - 5 cm and 5 cm. Finally, BDS L1/L3 kinematic PPP is conducted with code IFB corrected with DCB combinations, and TIFB corrected with filtered series. Results show that the IFB corrected L1/L3 PPP can achieve comparable convergence and positioning accuracy as L1/L2 combinations in static and kinematic mode.

Identification of Silver and Palladium in Irradiated TRISO Coated Particles of the AGR-1 Experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

van Rooyen, Y. J.; Lillo, T. M.; Wu, Y. Q.

2014-03-01

Evidence of the release of certain metallic fission product through intact tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles has been seen for decades around the world, as well as in the recent AGR-1 experiment at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). However, understanding the basic mechanism of transport is still lacking. This understanding is important because the TRISO coating is part of the high temperature gas reactor functional containment and critical for the safety strategy for licensing purposes. Our approach to identify fission products in irradiated AGR-1 TRISO fuel using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Energy Filtered TEM (EFTEM),more » has led to first-of-a-kind data at the nano-scale indicating the presence of silver at triple points and grain boundaries of the SiC layer in the TRISO particle. Cadmium was also found in the triple junctions. In this initial study, the silver was only identified in SiC grain boundaries and triple points on the edge of the SiC-IPyC interface up to a depth of approximately 0.5 um. Palladium was identified as the main constituent of micron-sized precipitates present at the SiC grain boundaries. Additionally spherical nano-sized palladium rich precipitates were found inside the SiC grains. These nano-sized Pd precipitates were distributed up to a depth of 5 um away from the SiC-IPyC interlayer. No silver was found in the center of the micron-sized fission product precipitates using these techniques, although silver was found on the outer edge of one of the Pd-U-Si containing precipitates which was facing the IPyC layer. Only Pd-U containing precipitates were identified in the IPyC layer and no silver was identified in the IPyC layer. The identification of silver alongside the grain boundaries and the findings of Pd alongside grain boundaries as well as inside the grains, provide significant knowledge for understanding silver and palladium transport in TIRSO fuel, which has been the topic of international research for the past forty years. Additionally the usefulness of the advanced electron microscopic techniques for TRISO coated particle research is demonstrated in this paper.« less

Anatomy of the thriple oxygen isotope Terrestrial Fractionatoin Line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharp, Z. D.; Pack, A.

2017-12-01

In the triple oxygen isotope system, it is well established that the δ17O value of nearly all terrestrial materials is approximately ½ that of the corresponding δ18O value. In triple isotope space then, all samples plot on a slope 1/2 line, termed the Terrestrial Fractionation Line (TFL). It has recently been recognized that subtle, but significant departures from the TFL exist, given by Δ'17O = δ'17O -λ× δ'18O + γ, where λ is the slope of the TFL (γ is the y-intercept and assumed to be zero in most studies). There have been many published λ values, ranging from 0.52 to 0.5305. λ values determined from a best-fit to rock and mineral samples range from 0.5244 to 0.5266. λ values from meteoric waters are 0.527 to 0.528 (γ = 0.007 to 0.034), explained by equilibrium and kinetic processes. Extreme polar glacial samples define a λ >0.53. As pointed out by Matsuhisia et al. (GCA, 1978), there is no single factor that controls the δ17O-δ18O slope, and clearly there is no `correct' TFL line. However, some generalities can be noted. 1) Meteoric waters generally plot with a λ = 0.528 with a Δ'17O = 0.033. At both high and low δ18O values, the Δ'17O values of meteoritic waters decrease. Mantle derived samples plot in a limited δ space, with δ18O values of 5-9‰ and a Δ'17O of -0.05‰. Rock and mineral samples falling outside this narrow range have undergone interaction with meteoric or ocean water at some point in their history, either by alteration or neoform mineral growth. The quartz-water triple isotope fractionation factor varies with temperatures, ranging from 0.5237 to 0.5266 at 0°C and 200°C, respective. A fit to published rock data gives an overall λ = 0.5237-0.5240. These results are most likely explained by the sum of hydrothermal and low-temperature mineral-water fractionations. Attempting to place any significance on a TFL from a set of data in unwarranted without understanding the processes controlling the isotopic compositions of the phases.

Use of spectroscopic techniques for uranium(VI)/montmorillonite interaction modeling.

PubMed

Kowal-Fouchard, A; Drot, R; Simoni, E; Ehrhardt, J J

2004-03-01

To experimentally identify both clay sorption sites and sorption equilibria and to understand the retention mechanisms at a molecular level, we have characterized the structure of hexavalent uranium surface complexes resulting from the interaction between the uranyl ions and the surface retention groups of a montmorillonite clay. We have performed laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on uranyl ion loaded montmorillonite. These structural results were then compared to those obtained from the study of uranyl ions sorbed onto an alumina and also from U(VI) sorbed on an amorphous silica. This experimental approach allowed for a clear determination of the reactive surface sites of montmorillonite for U(VI) sorption. The lifetime values and the U4f XPS spectra of uranium(VI) sorbed on montmorillonite have shown that this ion is sorbed on both exchange and edge sites. The comparison of U(VI)/clay and U(VI)/oxide systems has determined that the interaction between uranyl ions and montmorillonite edge sites occurs via both [triple bond]AlOH and [triple bond]SiOH surface groups and involves three distinct surface complexes. The surface complexation modeling of the U(VI)/montmorillonite sorption edges was determined using the constant capacitance model and the above experimental constraints. The following equilibria were found to account for the uranyl sorption mechanisms onto montmorillonite for metal concentrations ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M and two ionic strengths (0.1 and 0.5 M): 2[triple bond]XNa + UO2(2+) <==> ([triple bond]X)2UO2 + 2Na+, log K0(exch) = 3.0; [triple bond]Al(OH)2 + UO2(2+) <==> [triple bond]Al(OH)2UO2(2+), log K0(Al) = 14.9; [triple bond]Si(OH)2 + UO2(2+) <==> [triple bond]SiO2UO2 + 2H+, log K0(Si1) = -3.8; and [triple bond]Si(OH)2 + 3UO2(2+) + 5H2O <==> [triple bond]SiO2(UO2)3(OH)5- + 7H+, log K0(Si2) = -20.0.

BioBenchmark Toyama 2012: an evaluation of the performance of triple stores on biological data

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Biological databases vary enormously in size and data complexity, from small databases that contain a few million Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples to large databases that contain billions of triples. In this paper, we evaluate whether RDF native stores can be used to meet the needs of a biological database provider. Prior evaluations have used synthetic data with a limited database size. For example, the largest BSBM benchmark uses 1 billion synthetic e-commerce knowledge RDF triples on a single node. However, real world biological data differs from the simple synthetic data much. It is difficult to determine whether the synthetic e-commerce data is efficient enough to represent biological databases. Therefore, for this evaluation, we used five real data sets from biological databases. Results We evaluated five triple stores, 4store, Bigdata, Mulgara, Virtuoso, and OWLIM-SE, with five biological data sets, Cell Cycle Ontology, Allie, PDBj, UniProt, and DDBJ, ranging in size from approximately 10 million to 8 billion triples. For each database, we loaded all the data into our single node and prepared the database for use in a classical data warehouse scenario. Then, we ran a series of SPARQL queries against each endpoint and recorded the execution time and the accuracy of the query response. Conclusions Our paper shows that with appropriate configuration Virtuoso and OWLIM-SE can satisfy the basic requirements to load and query biological data less than 8 billion or so on a single node, for the simultaneous access of 64 clients. OWLIM-SE performs best for databases with approximately 11 million triples; For data sets that contain 94 million and 590 million triples, OWLIM-SE and Virtuoso perform best. They do not show overwhelming advantage over each other; For data over 4 billion Virtuoso works best. 4store performs well on small data sets with limited features when the number of triples is less than 100 million, and our test shows its scalability is poor; Bigdata demonstrates average performance and is a good open source triple store for middle-sized (500 million or so) data set; Mulgara shows a little of fragility. PMID:25089180

Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer.

PubMed

Fusco, Nicola; Geyer, Felipe C; De Filippo, Maria R; Martelotto, Luciano G; Ng, Charlotte K Y; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Schultheis, Anne M; Fuhrmann, Laetitia; Wang, Lu; Jungbluth, Achim A; Burke, Kathleen A; Lim, Raymond S; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Bamba, Masamichi; Moritani, Suzuko; Badve, Sunil S; Ichihara, Shu; Ellis, Ian O; Reis-Filho, Jorge S; Weigelt, Britta

2016-11-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare histological type of triple-negative breast cancer with an indolent clinical behavior, often driven by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in two adenoid cystic carcinomas associated with high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. The different components of each case were subjected to copy number profiling and massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons and selected regulatory and intronic regions of 488 genes. Reverse transcription PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to investigate the presence of the MYB-NFIB translocation. The MYB-NFIB fusion gene was detected in both adenoid cystic carcinomas and their associated high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components. Although the distinct components of both cases displayed similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, massively parallel sequencing analysis revealed intratumor genetic heterogeneity. In case 1, progression from the trabecular adenoid cystic carcinoma to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer was found to involve clonal shifts with enrichment of mutations affecting EP300, NOTCH1, ERBB2 and FGFR1 in the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In case 2, a clonal KMT2C mutation was present in the cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid adenoid cystic carcinoma and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components, whereas a mutation affecting MYB was present only in the solid and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer areas and additional three mutations targeting STAG2, KDM6A and CDK12 were restricted to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In conclusion, adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast with high-grade transformation are underpinned by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene and, akin to other forms of cancer, may be constituted by a mosaic of cancer cell clones at diagnosis. The progression from adenoid cystic carcinoma to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer of no special type may involve the selection of neoplastic clones and/or the acquisition of additional genetic alterations.

Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer

PubMed Central

Fusco, Nicola; Geyer, Felipe C; De Filippo, Maria R; Martelotto, Luciano G; Ng, Charlotte K Y; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Schultheis, Anne M; Fuhrmann, Laetitia; Wang, Lu; Jungbluth, Achim A; Burke, Kathleen A; Lim, Raymond S; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Bamba, Masamichi; Moritani, Suzuko; Badve, Sunil S; Ichihara, Shu; Ellis, Ian O; Reis-Filho, Jorge S; Weigelt, Britta

2016-01-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare histologic type of triple-negative breast cancer with an indolent clinical behavior, often driven by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in two adenoid cystic carcinomas associated with high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. The different components of each case were subjected to copy number profiling and massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons and selected regulatory and intronic regions of 488 genes. Reverse transcription PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to investigate the presence of the MYB-NFIB translocation. The MYB-NFIB fusion gene was detected in both adenoid cystic carcinomas and their associated high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components. Whilst the distinct components of both cases displayed similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, massively parallel sequencing analysis revealed intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity. In case 1, progression from the trabecular adenoid cystic carcinoma to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer was found to involve clonal shifts with enrichment of mutations affecting EP300, NOTCH1, ERBB2 and FGFR1 in the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In case 2, a clonal KMT2C mutation was present in the cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid adenoid cystic carcinoma and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components, whereas a mutation affecting MYB was present only in the solid and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer areas and additional three mutations targeting STAG2, KDM6A and CDK12 were restricted to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In conclusion, adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast with high-grade transformation are underpinned by MYB-NFIB fusion gene, and, akin to other forms of cancer, may be constituted by a mosaic of cancer cell clones at diagnosis. The progression from adenoid cystic carcinoma to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer of no special type may involve the selection of neoplastic clones and/ or the acquisition of additional genetic alterations. PMID:27491809

BioBenchmark Toyama 2012: an evaluation of the performance of triple stores on biological data.

PubMed

Wu, Hongyan; Fujiwara, Toyofumi; Yamamoto, Yasunori; Bolleman, Jerven; Yamaguchi, Atsuko

2014-01-01

Biological databases vary enormously in size and data complexity, from small databases that contain a few million Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples to large databases that contain billions of triples. In this paper, we evaluate whether RDF native stores can be used to meet the needs of a biological database provider. Prior evaluations have used synthetic data with a limited database size. For example, the largest BSBM benchmark uses 1 billion synthetic e-commerce knowledge RDF triples on a single node. However, real world biological data differs from the simple synthetic data much. It is difficult to determine whether the synthetic e-commerce data is efficient enough to represent biological databases. Therefore, for this evaluation, we used five real data sets from biological databases. We evaluated five triple stores, 4store, Bigdata, Mulgara, Virtuoso, and OWLIM-SE, with five biological data sets, Cell Cycle Ontology, Allie, PDBj, UniProt, and DDBJ, ranging in size from approximately 10 million to 8 billion triples. For each database, we loaded all the data into our single node and prepared the database for use in a classical data warehouse scenario. Then, we ran a series of SPARQL queries against each endpoint and recorded the execution time and the accuracy of the query response. Our paper shows that with appropriate configuration Virtuoso and OWLIM-SE can satisfy the basic requirements to load and query biological data less than 8 billion or so on a single node, for the simultaneous access of 64 clients. OWLIM-SE performs best for databases with approximately 11 million triples; For data sets that contain 94 million and 590 million triples, OWLIM-SE and Virtuoso perform best. They do not show overwhelming advantage over each other; For data over 4 billion Virtuoso works best. 4store performs well on small data sets with limited features when the number of triples is less than 100 million, and our test shows its scalability is poor; Bigdata demonstrates average performance and is a good open source triple store for middle-sized (500 million or so) data set; Mulgara shows a little of fragility.

Syntheses, structures and redox properties of some complexes containing the Os(dppe)Cp* fragment, including [{Os(dppe)Cp*}2(mu-C triple bondCC triple bond C)].

PubMed

Bruce, Michael I; Costuas, Karine; Davin, Thomas; Halet, Jean-François; Kramarczuk, Kathy A; Low, Paul J; Nicholson, Brian K; Perkins, Gary J; Roberts, Rachel L; Skelton, Brian W; Smith, Mark E; White, Allan H

2007-12-14

The sequential conversion of [OsBr(cod)Cp*] (9) to [OsBr(dppe)Cp*] (10), [Os([=C=CH2)(dppe)Cp*]PF6 ([11]PF6), [Os(C triple bond CH)(dppe)Cp*] (12), [{Os(dppe)Cp*}2{mu-(=C=CH-CH=C=)}][PF6]2 ([13](PF6)2) and finally [{Os(dppe)Cp*}(2)(mu-C triple bond CC triple bond C)] (14) has been used to make the third member of the triad [{M(dppe)Cp*}2(mu-C triple bond CC triple bond C)] (M = Fe, Ru, Os). The molecular structures of []PF6, 12 and 14, together with those of the related osmium complexes [Os(NCMe)(dppe)Cp*]PF6 ([15]PF6) and [Os(C triple bond CPh)(dppe)Cp*] (16), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Comparison of the redox properties of 14 with those of its iron and ruthenium congeners shows that the first oxidation potential E1 varies as: Fe approximately Os < Ru. Whereas the Fe complex has been shown to undergo three sequential 1-electron oxidation processes within conventional electrochemical solvent windows, the Ru and Os compounds undergo no fewer than four sequential oxidation events giving rise to a five-membered series of redox related complexes [{M(dppe)Cp*}2(mu-C4)]n+ (n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4), the osmium derivatives being obtained at considerably lower potentials than the ruthenium analogues. These results are complimented by DFT and DT DFT calculations.

Two-week, high-dose proton pump inhibitor, moxifloxacin triple Helicobacter pylori therapy after failure of standard triple or non-bismuth quadruple treatments.

PubMed

Gisbert, Javier P; Romano, Marco; Molina-Infante, Javier; Lucendo, Alfredo J; Medina, Enrique; Modolell, Inés; Rodríguez-Tellez, Manuel; Gomez, Blas; Barrio, Jesús; Perona, Monica; Ortuño, Juan; Ariño, Inés; Domínguez-Muñoz, Juan Enrique; Perez-Aisa, Ángeles; Bermejo, Fernando; Domínguez, Jose Luis; Almela, Pedro; Gomez-Camarero, Judith; Millastre, Judith; Martin-Noguerol, Elisa; Gravina, Antonietta G; Martorano, Marco; Miranda, Agnese; Federico, Alessandro; Fernandez-Bermejo, Miguel; Angueira, Teresa; Ferrer-Barcelo, Luis; Fernández, Nuria; Marín, Alicia C; McNicholl, Adrián G

2015-02-01

Aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a moxifloxacin-containing second-line triple regimen in patients whose previous Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment failed. Prospective multicentre study including patients in whom a triple therapy or a non-bismuth-quadruple-therapy failed. Moxifloxacin (400mg qd), amoxicillin (1g bid), and esomeprazole (40 mg bid) were prescribed for 14 days. Eradication was confirmed by (13)C-urea-breath-test. Compliance was determined through questioning and recovery of empty medication envelopes. 250 patients were consecutively included (mean age 48 ± 15 years, 11% with ulcer). Previous (failed) therapy included: standard triple (n = 179), sequential (n = 27), and concomitant (n = 44); 97% of patients took all medications, 4 were lost to follow-up. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 82.4% (95% CI, 77-87%) and 85.7% (95% CI, 81-90%). Cure rates were similar independently of diagnosis (ulcer, 77%; dyspepsia, 82%) and previous treatment (standard triple, 83%; sequential, 89%; concomitant, 77%). At multivariate analysis, only age was associated with eradication (OR = 0.957; 95% CI, 0.933-0.981). Adverse events were reported in 25.2% of patients: diarrhoea (9.6%), abdominal pain (9.6%), and nausea (9.2%). 14-day moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy is an effective and safe second-line strategy in patients whose previous standard triple therapy or non-bismuth quadruple (sequential or concomitant) therapy has failed, providing a simple alternative to bismuth quadruple regimen. Copyright © 2014 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Triple X syndrome and puberty: focus on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis.

PubMed

Stagi, Stefano; di Tommaso, Mariarosaria; Scalini, Perla; Lapi, Elisabetta; Losi, Stefania; Bencini, Erica; Masoni, Fabrizio; Dosa, Laura; Becciani, Sabrina; de Martino, Maurizio

2016-06-01

To evaluate the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis in a cohort of children and adolescents with nonmosaic triple X syndrome. Cross-sectional study with retrospective analysis. University pediatric hospital. Fifteen prepubertal subjects (median age 9.0 years, range 6.9-11.9 years) with nonmosaic triple X syndrome and age- and pubertal-matched control group (30 girls, median age 9.1 y, range 6.9-11.6 years). None. We evaluated FSH, LH, and E2 levels and performed an autoimmunity screening as well as a pelvic ultrasonography and an LH-releasing hormone stimulation test. All triple X patients (with and without pubertal signs) showed a pubertal LH peak level that was significantly different from controls. Triple X patients showed increased basal and peak FSH and LH values compared with control subjects. However, the mean E2 level was significantly lower than control subjects. However, triple X patients showed reduced DHEAS levels and reduced inhibin levels compared with control subjects. Finally, triple X patients had a significantly reduced ovarian volume compared with control subjects, in both prepubertal and pubertal patients. Triple X patients showed premature activation of the GnRH pulse generator, even without puberty signs. Both basal and peak LH and FSH levels were higher than in control subjects, and E2 and inhibin levels and ovarian volume were reduced, which led to a reduced gonadal function. Other studies and a longitudinal evaluation is necessary to better understand the endocrinologic features of these subjects. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Clinical effect of triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children].

PubMed

Zhao, Hong-Mei; Ou-Yang, Hong-Juan; Duan, Bo-Ping; Xu, Bin; Chen, Zhi-Yong; Tang, Juan; You, Jie-Yu

2014-03-01

To evaluate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children in terms of Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events. A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of Hp infection. These patients were randomized into triple therapy (n=120) and probiotics groups (n=120). The triple therapy group received amoxicillin [40 mg/(kg·d), Tid], clarithromycin [15 mg/(kg·d), Bid] and omeprazole [0.7-0.8 mg/(kg·d), Qd], while the probiotics group received Saccharomyces boulardii (250 mg, Bid) in addition to triple therapy. The course of treatment was 14 days in both groups. The adverse events in subjects were recorded by their parents during treatment. Hp eradiation was evaluated by (13)C breath test at 4 weeks after treatment, and the eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups. The Hp eradication rates were 75.8% (91/120) in the triple therapy group and 85% (102/120) in the probiotics group (P>0.05). Compared with the triple therapy group, the probiotics group had nonsignificantly lower incidence of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (P>0.05) and significantly lower incidence of stomatitis, constipation and diarrhea (P<0.05). Triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii cannot significantly increase Hp eradication rate, but can significantly reduce the incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea during treatment.

Sound transmission through triple-panel structures lined with poroelastic materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yu

2015-03-01

In this paper, previous theories on the prediction of sound transmission loss for a double-panel structure lined with poroelastic materials are extended to address the problem of a triple-panel structure. Six typical configurations are considered for a triple-panel structure based on the method of coupling the porous layers to the facing panels which determines critically the sound insulation performance of the system. The transfer matrix method is employed to solve the system by applying appropriate types of boundary conditions for these configurations. The transmission loss of the triple-panel structures in a diffuse sound field is calculated as a function of frequency and compared with that of corresponding double-panel structures. Generally, the triple-panel structure with poroelastic linings has superior acoustic performance to the double-panel counterpart, remarkably in the mid-high frequency range and possibly at low frequencies, by selecting appropriate configurations in which those with two air gaps in the structure exhibit the best overall performance over the entire frequency range. The poroelastic lining significantly lowers the cut-on frequency above which the triple-panel structure exhibits noticeably higher transmission loss. Compared with a double-panel structure, the wider range of system parameters for a triple-panel structure due to the additional partition provides more design space for tuning the sound insulation performance. Despite the increased structural complexity, the triple-panel structure lined with poroelastic materials has the obvious advantages in sound transmission loss while without the penalties in weight and volume, and is hence a promising replacement for the widely used double-panel sandwich structure.

Defining Genomic Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Triple negative breast cancer • Ethnic disparities • Breast cancer amongst African Americans and Africans • Gene expression profiling • Array... negative cases seen in both African and African - American breast cancer cases. Gene Expression Array Studies The 31 triple negative Kijabe... African - American Adjacent Normal Breast Tissue PI: Pegram &

Defining Genomic Changes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

Triple negative breast cancer , Ethnic disparities, Breast cancer amongst African - Americans and Africans , Gene expression... Americans . Adjacent Normal AA Native African TN BC Tissue Figure 1. Gene Expression Pattern of Native African Triple Negative Breast Cancer ...and African - American Adjacent Normal Breast Tissue Genes PI: Pegram & Baumbach

Cristoforetti packing TripleLux-A experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-05-08

ISS043E181043 (05/08/2015) --- ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti prepares the TripleLux-A experiment for return on SpaceX’s Dragon cargo craft. TripleLux-A is investigating immune suppression in space as understanding such risks is essential in maintaining the health and performance of crew members during long-duration missions.

Software-Enabled Project Management Techniques and Their Relationship to the Triple Constraints

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elleh, Festus U.

2013-01-01

This study investigated the relationship between software-enabled project management techniques and the triple constraints (time, cost, and scope). There was the dearth of academic literature that focused on the relationship between software-enabled project management techniques and the triple constraints (time, cost, and scope). Based on the gap…

Outcome Measures of Triple Board Graduates, 1991-2003

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Marla J.; Dunn, David W.; Rushton, Jerry

2006-01-01

Objective: To describe program outcomes for the Combined Training Program in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry (Triple Board Program). Method: All Triple Board Program graduates to date (1991-2003) were asked to participate in a 37-item written survey from February to April 2004. Results: The response rate was 80.7%. Most…

Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ranga, Marina; Etzkowitz, Henry

2013-01-01

This paper introduces the concept of Triple Helix systems as an analytical construct that synthesizes the key features of university--industry--government (Triple Helix) interactions into an "innovation system" format, defined according to systems theory as a set of components, relationships and functions. Among the components of Triple…

"Special Issue": Regional Dimensions of the Triple Helix Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Todeva, Emanuela; Danson, Mike

2016-01-01

This paper introduces the rationale for the special issue and its contributions, which bridge the literature on regional development and the Triple Helix model. The concept of the Triple Helix at the sub-national, and specifically regional, level is established and examined, with special regard to regional economic development founded on…

Regional Dimensions of the Triple Helix Model: Setting the Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Todeva, Emanuela; Danson, Mike

2016-01-01

This paper introduces the rationale for the special issue and its contributions, which bridge the literature on regional development and the Triple Helix model. The concept of the Triple Helix at the sub-national, and specifically regional, level is established and examined, with special regard to regional economic development founded on…

Existence Regions of Shock Wave Triple Configurations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulat, Pavel V.; Chernyshev, Mikhail V.

2016-01-01

The aim of the research is to create the classification for shock wave triple configurations and their existence regions of various types: type 1, type 2, type 3. Analytical solutions for limit Mach numbers and passing shock intensity that define existence region of every type of triple configuration have been acquired. The ratios that conjugate…

Triple dye plus rubbing alcohol versus triple dye alone for umbilical cord care.

PubMed

Suliman, Alawia K; Watts, Heidi; Beiler, Jessica; King, Tonya S; Khan, Sana; Carnuccio, Marybeth; Paul, Ian M

2010-01-01

Current practices for umbilical cord care vary across centers, but the evidence regarding these practices and their impact on cord separation, complications, and health care use are limited. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of triple dye alone (brilliant green, crystal violet, and proflavine hemisulfate) versus triple dye plus rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) twice daily on time to umbilical cord separation, complications, and health care use. For the 90 newborns who completed the study, there were no significant differences between treatment groups for time to cord separation, cord-related morbidities, or cord-related urgent care. Based on these study results, there does not appear to be significant benefit to the addition of twice daily applications of rubbing alcohol to neonatal umbilical cords following triple dye treatment after birth.

Electronic communication in phosphine substituted bridged dirhenium complexes - clarifying ambiguities raised by the redox non-innocence of the C4H2- and C4-bridges.

PubMed

Li, Yan; Blacque, Olivier; Fox, Thomas; Luber, Sandra; Polit, Walther; Winter, Rainer F; Venkatesan, Koushik; Berke, Heinz

2016-04-07

The mononuclear rhenium carbyne complex trans-[Re(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)([triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Me)(PMe3)4][PF6] (2) was prepared in 90% yield by heating a mixture of the dinitrogen complex trans-[ReCl(N2)(PMe3)4] (1), TlPF6, and an excess of HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3. 2 could be deprotonated with KOtBu to the vinylidene complex trans-[Re(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)(PMe3)4] (3) in 98% yield. Oxidation of 3 with 1.2 equiv. of [Cp2Fe][PF6] at -78 °C gave the Cβ-C'β coupled dinuclear rhenium biscarbyne complex trans-[(Me3SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PMe3)4Re[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CH2-CH2-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]Re(PMe3)4(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)][PF6]2 (5) in 92% yield. Deprotonation of 5 with an excess of KOtBu in THF produced the diamagnetic trans-[(Me3SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PMe3)4Re[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]Re(PMe3)4(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)] complex (E-6(S)) in 87% yield with an E-butadienediylidene bridge. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of E-6(S) confirmed its singlet ground state. The Z-form of 6 (Z-6(S)) could not be observed, which is in accord with its DFT calculated 17.8 kJ mol(-1) higher energy. Oxidation of E-6 with 2 equiv. of [Cp2Fe][PF6] resulted in the stable diamagnetic dicationic trans-[(Me3SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PMe3)4Re[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]Re(PMe3)4(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)][PF6]2 complex (E-6[PF6]2) with an ethylenylidene dicarbyne structure of the bridge. The paramagnetic mixed-valence (MV) complex E-6[PF6] was obtained by comproportionation of E-6(S) and E-6[PF6]2 or by oxidation of E-6(S) with 1 equiv. of [Cp2Fe][PF6]. The dicationic trans-[(Me3SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PMe3)4Re[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]Re(PMe3)4(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3)][PF6]2 (7[PF6]2) complex, attributed a butynedi(triyl) bridge structure, was obtained by deprotonation of E-6[PF6]2 with KOtBu followed by oxidation with 2 equiv. of [Cp2Fe][PF6]. The neutral complex 7 could be accessed best by reduction of 7[PF6]2 with KH in the presence of 18-crown-6. According to DFT calculations 7 possesses two equilibrating electronic states: diamagnetic 7(S) and triplet 7(F) with ferromagnetically coupled spins. The latter is calculated to be 5.2 kcal mol(-1) lower in energy than 7(S). There is experimental evidence that 7(S) prevails in solution. 7 could not be isolated in the crystalline state and is unstable transforming mainly by H-abstraction to give E-6(S). UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy for the dinuclear rhenium complexes E-6(S), E-6[PF6] and E-6[PF6]2, as well as EPR spectroscopic and variable-temperature magnetization measurements for the MV complex E-6[PF6] were also conducted. Spectro-electrochemical reduction studies on 7[PF6]2 allowed the characterization of the mono- and direduced forms of 7(+) and 7 by means of IR- and UV-Vis-NIR-spectroscopy and revealed the chemical fate of the higher reduced form.