Vapor pressures and calculated heats of vaporization of concentrated nitric acid solutions in the composition range 71 to 89 percent nitrogen dioxide, 1 to 10 percent water, and in the temperature range 10 to 60 degrees C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckeown, A B; Belles, Frank E

1954-01-01

Total vapor pressures were measured for 16 acid mixtures of the ternary system nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water within the temperature range 10 degrees to 60 degrees Celsius, and with the composition range 71 to 89 weight percent nitric acid, 7 to 20 weight percent nitrogen dioxide, and 1 to 10 weight percent water. Heats of vaporization were calculated from the vapor pressure measurements for each sample for the temperatures 25, 40, and 60 degrees Celsius. The ullage of the apparatus used for the measurements was 0.46. Ternary diagrams showing isobars as a function of composition of the system were constructed from experimental and interpolated data for the temperatures 25, 40, 45, and 60 degrees C and are presented herein.

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Korea, Japan, and the U.S.: Effect of Birth Weight Distribution and Birth Weight-Specific Mortality Rates.

PubMed

Kim, Do Hyun; Jeon, Jihyun; Park, Chang Gi; Sriram, Sudhir; Lee, Kwang Sun

2016-09-01

Difference in crude neonatal and infant mortality rates (NMR and IMR) among different countries is due to the differences in its two determinants: birth weight distribution (BWD) and birth weight-specific mortality rates (BW-SMRs). We aimed to determine impact of BWD and BW-SMRs on differences in crude NMR and IMR among Korea, Japan, and the U.S. Our study used the live birth data of the period 2009 through 2010. Crude NMR/IMR are the lowest in Japan, 1.1/2.1, compared to 1.8/3.2, in Korea, and 4.1/6.2, in the U.S., respectively. Japanese had the best BW-SMRs of all birth weight groups compared to the Koreans and the U.S. The U.S. BWD was unfavorable with very low birth weight (< 1,500 g) rate of 1.4%, compared to 0.6% in Korea, and 0.8% in Japan. If Koreans and Japanese had the same BWD as in the U.S., their crude NMR/IMR would be 3.9/6.1 for the Koreans and 1.5/2.5 for the Japanese. If both Koreans and Japanese had the same BW-SMRs as in the U.S., the crude NMR/IMR would be 2.0/3.8 for the Koreans and 2.7/5.0 for the Japanese. In conclusion, compared to the U.S., lower crude NMR or IMR in Japan is mainly attributable to its better BW-SMRs. Koreans had lower crude NMR and IMR, primarily from its favorable BWD. Comparing crude NMR or IMR among different countries should include further exploration of its two determinants, BW-SMRs reflecting medical care, and BWD reflecting socio-demographic conditions.

Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Korea, Japan, and the U.S.: Effect of Birth Weight Distribution and Birth Weight-Specific Mortality Rates

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Difference in crude neonatal and infant mortality rates (NMR and IMR) among different countries is due to the differences in its two determinants: birth weight distribution (BWD) and birth weight-specific mortality rates (BW-SMRs). We aimed to determine impact of BWD and BW-SMRs on differences in crude NMR and IMR among Korea, Japan, and the U.S. Our study used the live birth data of the period 2009 through 2010. Crude NMR/IMR are the lowest in Japan, 1.1/2.1, compared to 1.8/3.2, in Korea, and 4.1/6.2, in the U.S., respectively. Japanese had the best BW-SMRs of all birth weight groups compared to the Koreans and the U.S. The U.S. BWD was unfavorable with very low birth weight (< 1,500 g) rate of 1.4%, compared to 0.6% in Korea, and 0.8% in Japan. If Koreans and Japanese had the same BWD as in the U.S., their crude NMR/IMR would be 3.9/6.1 for the Koreans and 1.5/2.5 for the Japanese. If both Koreans and Japanese had the same BW-SMRs as in the U.S., the crude NMR/IMR would be 2.0/3.8 for the Koreans and 2.7/5.0 for the Japanese. In conclusion, compared to the U.S., lower crude NMR or IMR in Japan is mainly attributable to its better BW-SMRs. Koreans had lower crude NMR and IMR, primarily from its favorable BWD. Comparing crude NMR or IMR among different countries should include further exploration of its two determinants, BW-SMRs reflecting medical care, and BWD reflecting socio-demographic conditions. PMID:27510390

Weight outcomes audit for 34,271 adults referred to a primary care/commercial weight management partnership scheme.

PubMed

Stubbs, R James; Pallister, Carolyn; Whybrow, Stephen; Avery, Amanda; Lavin, Jacquie

2011-01-01

This project audited rate and extent of weight loss in a primary care/commercial weight management organisation partnership scheme. 34,271 patients were referred to Slimming World for 12 weekly sessions. Data were analysed using individual weekly weight records. Average (SD) BMI change was -1.5 kg/m² (1.3), weight change -4.0 kg (3.7), percent weight change -4.0% (3.6), rate of weight change -0.3 kg/week, and number of sessions attended 8.9 (3.6) of 12. For patients attending at least 10 of 12 sessions (n = 19,907 or 58.1%), average (SD) BMI change was -2.0 kg/m² (1.3), weight change -5.5 kg (3.8), percent weight change -5.5% (3.5), rate of weight change -0.4 kg/week, and average number of sessions attended was 11.5 (0.7) (p < 0.001, compared to all patients). Weight loss was greater in men (n = 3,651) than in women (n = 30,620) (p < 0.001). 35.8% of all patients enrolled and 54.7% in patients attending 10 or more sessions achieved at least 5% weight loss. Weight gain was prevented in 92.1% of all patients referred. Attendance explained 29.6% and percent weight lost in week 1 explained 18.4% of the variance in weight loss. Referral to a commercial organisation is a practical option for National Health Service (NHS) weight management strategies, which achieves clinically safe and effective weight loss. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Design of the Cryostat for HT-7U Superconducting Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Jie; Wu, Song-tao; Song, Yun-tao; Weng, Pei-de

2002-06-01

The cryostat of HT-7U tokamak is a large vacuum vessel surrounding the entire basic machine with a cylindrical shell, a dished top and a flat bottom. The main function of HT-7U cryostat is to provide a thermal barrier between an ambient temperature test hall and a liquid helium-cooled superconducting magnet. The loads applied to the cryostat are from sources of vacuum pressure, dead weight, seismic events and electromagnetic forces originated by eddy currents. It also provides feed-through penetrations for all the connecting elements inside and outside the cryostat. The main material selected for the cryostat is stainless steel 304L. The structural analyses including buckling for the cryostat vessel under the plasma operation condition have been carried out by using a finite element code. Stress analysis results show that the maximum stress intensity was below the allowable value. In this paper, the structural analyses and design of HT-7U cryostat are emphasized.

7 CFR 810.206 - Grades and grade requirements for barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... weight per bushel (pounds) Sound barley (percent) Maximum Limits of— Damaged kernels 1 (percent) Heat damaged kernels (percent) Foreign material (percent) Broken kernels (percent) Thin barley (percent) U.S... or otherwise of distinctly low quality. 1 Includes heat-damaged kernels. Injured-by-frost kernels and...

Relationship between junk foods intake and weight in 6-7 years old children, Shahin Shahr and Meymeh, Iran

PubMed Central

Darvishi, Leila; Ghiasvand, Reza; Ashrafi, Maryam; Ashrafzadeh, Elnaz; Askari, Gholamreza; Shiranian, Afshin; Hasanzadeh, Akbar

2013-01-01

Background: Healthy nutrition is very important considering the weight status especially in children. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between junk foods intake and weight in 6-7-years old children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Shahin Shahr and Meymeh, Iran, in 2009. Anthropometrics measures were done and 24-hour food recall used for dietary information and analyzed with food processor 2 and then compared with dietary reference intakes 2008 (DRI). Findings: 61.1 percent of the subjects were residing in dormitories and 12.7 percent were marred. Prevalence of overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity was 6.9 percent and 46.1 percent respectively. Mean (±SD) systolic blood pressure was 105.2 ± 15.6 mm/Hg and diastolic was 62.2 ± 10.4 mm/Hg. Totally, 3.9 percent of the subjects had hypertension. The analysis of food intake indicate that (B12, folate, magnesium, potassium, calcium) with level below the recommended ones, and (vitamin C, E, pantothenic acid, B1, B3, phosphate, zinc) with up levels the recommended ones, and energy intake, macronutrient, vitamin A, pyridoxine, iron, selenium were in general appropriate. Conclusion: These results indicated appropriate level of macronutrients intake and unbalance mainly existed in micronutrients. It is recommended to increase intake important food groups such as dairy, vegetable, fruit that include good source of micronutrients, and also it is suggested that need for strategies can improve competence in the area of nutrition. PMID:24083252

Asian Americans: diabetes prevalence across U.S. and World Health Organization weight classifications.

PubMed

Oza-Frank, Reena; Ali, Mohammed K; Vaccarino, Viola; Narayan, K M Venkat

2009-09-01

To compare diabetes prevalence among Asian Americans by World Health Organization and U.S. BMI classifications. Data on Asian American adults (n = 7,414) from the National Health Interview Survey for 1997-2005 were analyzed. Diabetes prevalence was estimated across weight and ethnic group strata. Regardless of BMI classification, Asian Indians and Filipinos had the highest prevalence of overweight (34-47 and 35-47%, respectively, compared with 20-38% in Chinese; P < 0.05). Asian Indians also had the highest ethnic-specific diabetes prevalence (ranging from 6-7% among the normal weight to 19-33% among the obese) compared with non-Hispanic whites: odds ratio (95% CI) for Asian Indians 2.0 (1.5-2.6), adjusted for age and sex, and 3.1 (2.4-4.0) with additional adjustment for BMI. Asian Indian ethnicity, but not other Asian ethnicities, was strongly associated with diabetes. Weight classification as a marker of diabetes risk may need to accommodate differences across Asian subgroups.

Irradiation effects on 17-7 PH stainless steel, A-201 carbon steel, and titanium-6-percent-aluminum-4-percent-vanadium alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasse, R. A.; Hartley, C. B.

1972-01-01

Irradiation effects on three materials from the NASA Plum Brook Reactor Surveillance Program were determined. An increase of 105 K in the nil-ductility temperature for A-201 steel was observed at a fluence of approximately 3.1 x 10 to the 18th power neutrons/sq cm (neutron energy E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV). Only minor changes in the mechanical properties of 17-7 PH stainless steel were observed up to a fluence of 2 x 10 to the 21st power neutrons/sq cm (E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV). The titanium-6-percent-aluminum-4-percent-vanadium alloy maintained its notch toughness up to a fluence of 1 x 10 to the 21st power neutrons/sq cm (E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV).

Weight outcomes audit in 1.3 million adults during their first 3 months' attendance in a commercial weight management programme.

PubMed

Stubbs, R James; Morris, Liam; Pallister, Carolyn; Horgan, Graham; Lavin, Jacquie H

2015-09-10

Over sixty percent of adults in the UK are now overweight/obese. Weight management on a national scale requires behavioural and lifestyle solutions that are accessible to large numbers of people. Evidence suggests commercial weight management programmes help people manage their weight but there is little research examining those that pay to attend such programmes rather than being referred by primary care. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a UK commercial weight management programme in self-referred, fee-paying participants. Electronic weekly weight records were collated for self-referred, fee-paying participants of Slimming World groups joining between January 2010 and April 2012. This analysis reports weight outcomes in 1,356,105 adult, non-pregnant participants during their first 3 months' attendance. Data were analysed by regression, ANOVA and for binomial outcomes, chi-squared tests using the R statistical program. Mean (SD) age was 42.3 (13.6) years, height 1.65 m (0.08) and start weight was 88.4 kg (18.8). Mean start BMI was 32.6 kg/m(2) (6.3 kg/m(2)) and 5 % of participants were men. Mean weight change of all participants was -3.9 kg (3.6), percent weight change -4.4 (3.8), and BMI change was -1.4 kg/m(2) (1.3). Mean attendance was 7.8 (4.3) sessions in their first 3 months. For participants attending at least 75 % of possible weekly sessions (n = 478,772), mean BMI change was -2.5 kg/m(2) (1.3), weight change -6.8 kg (3.7) and percent weight change -7.5 % (3.5). Weight loss was greater in men than women absolutely (-6.5 (5.3) kg vs -3.8 (3.4) kg) and as a percentage (5.7 % (4.4) vs 4.3 % (3.7)), respectively. All comparisons were significant (p < 0.001). Level of attendance and percent weight loss in the first week of attendance together accounted for 55 % of the variability in weight lost during the study period. A large-scale commercial lifestyle-based weight management programme had a significant impact on weight loss

7 CFR 981.9 - Kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Kernel weight. 981.9 Section 981.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Definitions § 981.9 Kernel weight. Kernel weight means the weight of kernels, including...

7 CFR 51.880 - U.S. Extra Fancy Table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... U.S. Extra Fancy Table. “U.S. Extra Fancy Table” consists of bunches of well developed grapes of one... damaged by: (1) Shot berries; (2) Dried berries; (3) Other defective berries; (4) Trimming away of...) Size: (1) For berries: Exclusive of shot berries and dried berries, not less than 90 percent, by count...

7 CFR 51.880 - U.S. Extra Fancy Table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... U.S. Extra Fancy Table. “U.S. Extra Fancy Table” consists of bunches of well developed grapes of one... damaged by: (1) Shot berries; (2) Dried berries; (3) Other defective berries; (4) Trimming away of...) Size: (1) For berries: Exclusive of shot berries and dried berries, not less than 90 percent, by count...

7 CFR 51.880 - U.S. Extra Fancy Table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... U.S. Extra Fancy Table. “U.S. Extra Fancy Table” consists of bunches of well developed grapes of one... damaged by: (1) Shot berries; (2) Dried berries; (3) Other defective berries; (4) Trimming away of...) Size: (1) For berries: Exclusive of shot berries and dried berries, not less than 90 percent, by count...

Weight perceptions, misperceptions, and dating violence victimization among U.S. adolescents.

PubMed

Farhat, Tilda; Haynie, Denise; Summersett-Ringgold, Faith; Brooks-Russell, Ashley; Iannotti, Ronald J

2015-05-01

Dating violence is a major public health issue among youth. Overweight/obese adolescents experience peer victimization and discrimination and may be at increased risk of dating violence victimization. Furthermore, given the stigma associated with overweight/obesity, perceptions and misperceptions of overweight may be more important than actual weight status for dating violence victimization. This study examines the association of three weight indices (weight status, perceived weight, and weight perception accuracy) with psychological and physical dating violence victimization. The 2010 baseline survey of the 7-year NEXT Generation Health Study used a three-stage stratified clustered sampling design to select a nationally representative sample of U.S. 10th-grade students (n = 1,983). Participants who have had a boyfriend/girlfriend reported dating violence victimization and perceived weight. Weight status was computed from measured height/weight. Weight perception accuracy (accurate/underestimate/overestimate) was calculated by comparing weight status and perceived weight. Gender-stratified regressions examined the association of weight indices and dating violence victimization. Racial/ethnic differences were also examined. The association of weight indices with dating violence victimization significantly differed by gender. Overall, among boys, no associations were observed. Among girls, weight status was not associated with dating violence victimization, nor with number of dating violence victimization acts; however, perceived weight and weight perception accuracy were significantly associated with dating violence victimization, type of victimization, and number of victimization acts. Post hoc analyses revealed significant racial/ethnic differences. White girls who perceive themselves (accurately or not) to be overweight, and Hispanic girls who are overweight, may be at increased risk of dating violence victimization. These findings suggest a targeted approach to

7 CFR 51.884 - U.S. No. 1 Table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Grades § 51.884 U.S. No. 1 Table. “U.S. No. 1 Table” consists of bunches of well developed grapes of one...) Mold; (2) Decay. (f) Berries not damaged by: (1) Any other cause. (g) Bunches not damaged by: (1) Shot...: Exclusive of shot berries and dried berries, 75 percent, by count, of the berries on each bunch shall have...

7 CFR 51.884 - U.S. No. 1 Table.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Grades § 51.884 U.S. No. 1 Table. “U.S. No. 1 Table” consists of bunches of well developed grapes of one...) Mold; (2) Decay. (f) Berries not damaged by: (1) Any other cause. (g) Bunches not damaged by: (1) Shot...: Exclusive of shot berries and dried berries, 75 percent, by count, of the berries on each bunch shall have...

Effect of moisture loss on red oak sawlog weight

Treesearch

Edward L. Adams

1971-01-01

A study was made to determine the effect of moisture loss on the weights of red oak sawlogs. The logs, ranging from 9 to 21 inches in scaling diameter and from 8 to 14 feet in length, were dried for a 12-week period. The 21-log sample lost 7.6 percent of the total green sawlog weight. The weight loss for individual logs ranged from 5.3 to 14.5 percent. In general, as...

Physical activity intensity and weight control status among U.S. Adults with diabetes.

PubMed

Loprinzi, Paul D; Pariser, Gina

2014-01-01

We have a limited understanding of the objectively determined physical activity levels by weight control status (i.e., trying to lose weight, trying to maintain weight, and neither trying to lose or maintain weight) among U.S. adults with diabetes. Therefore, this study assessed the association between physical activity and weight control status among U.S. adults with diabetes. Cross-sectional survey. The 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used, which is representative of the U.S. population. Subjects were 733 adults (≥20 years) with diabetes. Participants wore an accelerometer to assess physical activity, and questionnaires were used to assess weight control status and covariates. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used. After adjustments, and compared to those not trying to lose or maintain their weight, women trying to lose weight engaged in 74% more physical activity (rate ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 2.65). Although findings were not significant for men, men were more likely than women to meet physical activity recommendations. Diabetic women trying to lose weight engaged in more physical activity than did their female counterparts not trying to lose or maintain their weight. Although men were more active than women, no differences in activity estimates occurred across weight control status for men.

Perceived Weight Discrimination Mediates the Prospective Relation Between Obesity and Depressive Symptoms in U.S. and U.K. Adults

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Objective: Obesity has been shown to increase risk of depression. Persons with obesity experience discrimination because of their body weight. Across 3 studies, we tested for the first time whether experiencing (perceived) weight-based discrimination explains why obesity is prospectively associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Method: Data from 3 studies, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008/2009–2012/2013), the Health and Retirement Study (2006/2008–2010/2012), and Midlife in the United States (1995/1996–2004/2005), were used to examine associations between obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and depressive symptoms among 20,286 U.S. and U.K. adults. Results: Across all 3 studies, Class II and III obesity were reliably associated with increases in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Perceived weight-based discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms in all 3 studies. Persons with Class II and III obesity were more likely to report experiencing weight-based discrimination, and this explained approximately 31% of the obesity-related increase in depressive symptoms on average across the 3 studies. Conclusion: In U.S. and U.K. samples, the prospective association between obesity (defined using body mass index) and increases in depressive symptoms in adulthood may in part be explained by perceived weight discrimination. PMID:27748611

Mapping variations in weight percent silica measured from multispectral thermal infrared imagery - Examples from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hook, S.J.; Dmochowski, J.E.; Howard, K.A.; Rowan, L.C.; Karlstrom, K.E.; Stock, J.M.

2005-01-01

Remotely sensed multispectral thermal infrared (8-13 ??m) images are increasingly being used to map variations in surface silicate mineralogy. These studies utilize the shift to longer wavelengths in the main spectral feature in minerals in this wavelength region (reststrahlen band) as the mineralogy changes from felsic to mafic. An approach is described for determining the amount of this shift and then using the shift with a reference curve, derived from laboratory data, to remotely determine the weight percent SiO2 of the surface. The approach has broad applicability to many study areas and can also be fine-tuned to give greater accuracy in a particular study area if field samples are available. The approach was assessed using airborne multispectral thermal infrared images from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Results indicate the general approach slightly overestimates the weight percent SiO2 of low silica rocks (e.g. basalt) and underestimates the weight percent SiO2 of high silica rocks (e.g. granite). Fine tuning the general approach with measurements from field samples provided good results for both areas with errors in the recovered weight percent SiO2 of a few percent. The map units identified by these techniques and traditional mapping at the Hiller Mountains demonstrate the continuity of the crystalline rocks from the Hiller Mountains southward to the White Hills supporting the idea that these ranges represent an essentially continuous footwall block below a regional detachment. Results from the Baja California data verify the most recent volcanism to be basaltic-andesite. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Predictors of the relationships between nutritional supplement use and weight-modification goals of U.S. Army soldiers.

PubMed

Austin, Krista G; Carvey, Christina E; Farina, Emily K; Lieberman, Harris R

2013-08-01

U.S. Army Soldiers must meet body weight and composition standards and consequently may use nutritional supplements (NS) purported to assist in weight modification (WM). Nutritional supplements are dietary supplements (DS) and foods intended to supplement the diet. This study assessed relationships between NS use, demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and WM goals among U.S. Army personnel. Participants (N = 990) self-reported NS use, categorized as energy drinks, sport nutrition products, or DS, and WM goal (lose, gain, or maintain) was ascertained by survey. DS were subcategorized as health, weight-loss, weight-gain, or other DS. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess relationships between predictors, NS use, and WM goal. Most respondents (70.3% ± 1.7%) consumed some NS; however, overall NS use was not related to WM goal. Significant relationships were observed between predictors (tobacco use, age, body-mass index, fitness score, general health, and eating habits) and both WM goal and NS use. Respondents attempting to lose or maintain weight were less likely to consume energy drinks and weight-gain DS. WM goal is related to multiple health behaviors including tobacco use, physical fitness score, and self-perception of health and eating behavior. NS are consumed in this population regardless of WM goal.

Relationships of Sleep Duration With Weight-Related Behaviors of U.S. College Students.

PubMed

Quick, Virginia; Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol; Shoff, Suzanne; White, Adrienne A; Lohse, Barbara; Horacek, Tanya; Colby, Sarah; Brown, Onikia; Kidd, Tandalayo; Greene, Geoffrey

2016-01-01

This study describes sleep behaviors of U.S. college students (N = 1,252; 18-24 years old; 59% female) and examines associations of sleep duration with weight-related behaviors. More than one quarter of participants slept < 7 hr/night and had mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores indicating poor sleep quality. There were significant differences for all PSQI scales among sleep duration categories, < 7 hr (n = 344), 7-8 hr (n = 449), ≥ 8 hr (n = 459) sleep/night. Compared to those who slept ≥ 8 hr, those who slept < 8 hr had significantly more negative eating attitudes (2% higher), poorer internal regulation of food (4% lower), and greater binge eating (4% higher) scores. Findings advocate for health care professionals to evaluate sleep behaviors of college students during office visits and promote good sleep behaviors.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches

PubMed Central

Hersh, Elliot V.; Ciancio, Sebastian G.; Kuperstein, Arthur S.; Stoopler, Eric T.; Moore, Paul A.; Boynes, Sean G.; Levine, Steven C.; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E.; Corby, Patricia M.A.; Turetzky, Stanley N.; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M.

2013-01-01

Background The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Methods Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. Results The responders’ rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Conclusions Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely. PMID:23633700

7 CFR 51.2832 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.2832 Section 51.2832 Agriculture... Creole Types) Grades § 51.2832 U.S. Commercial. U.S. Commercial consists of onions which meet the...) Roots; (4) Dry sunken areas; (5) Sunburn; (6) Sprouts; (7) Freezing; (8) Cracked fleshy scales; (9...

Theoretical Model for Volume Fraction of UC, 235U Enrichment, and Effective Density of Final U 10Mo Alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Devaraj, Arun; Prabhakaran, Ramprashad; Joshi, Vineet V.

2016-04-12

The purpose of this document is to provide a theoretical framework for (1) estimating uranium carbide (UC) volume fraction in a final alloy of uranium with 10 weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) as a function of final alloy carbon concentration, and (2) estimating effective 235U enrichment in the U-10Mo matrix after accounting for loss of 235U in forming UC. This report will also serve as a theoretical baseline for effective density of as-cast low-enriched U-10Mo alloy. Therefore, this report will serve as the baseline for quality control of final alloy carbon content

Patterns of postnatal weight changes in infants with very low and extremely low birth weights.

PubMed

Smith, S L; Kirchhoff, K T; Chan, G M; Squire, S J

1994-01-01

To describe (1) short-term postnatal weight loss and gain patterns in infants with very low and extremely low birth weights and (2) the variables that may affect these weight change patterns. Descriptive, retrospective review. University hospital in the intermountain western United States. Sixty-two charts of infants admitted to a university neonatal intensive care unit from July 1990 through November 1992 were reviewed. Infants who weighed 1000 grams or less were categorized as extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and infants weighing 1001 to 1500 grams were categorized as very low birth weight (VLBW). Each group was comprised of 31 infants. Fifty percent of the sample were male, and 50% were female. Eighty-five percent of the sample were Anglo-American, and 15% were non-Anglo-American. Data were collected on a three-part data collection tool and included demographic and treatment variables. A significant difference was found in the maximum percent weight lost between the two groups, with the ELBW group losing a mean of 14.77% of birth weight and the VLBW group losing a mean of 11.35% of birth weight (t = 2.45, p < 0.05). The day the infants reached their nadir weight was significantly different between the two groups. The ELBW group reached their nadir on day of life 7, and the VLBW group reached their nadir on day of life 6 (t = 2.00, p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the time to return to birth weight between the two groups, with a mean of 15 days to return to birth weight. Factors associated with postnatal weight changes were intraventricular hemorrhage, use of diuretics and steroids, day of life when nadir weight occurred, and maximum percent of weight lost. Many of the independent variables were significantly interrelated to each other (r = -0.90 to r = 0.91, p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). However, only the variables that correlated with time to return to birth weight were entered into the regression analysis. These variables included number of days

7 CFR 801.9 - Tolerances for test weight apparatuses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRAIN INSPECTION EQUIPMENT § 801.9 Tolerances for test weight apparatuses. The maintenance tolerances for test weight per bushel apparatuses used in performing official inspection services... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Tolerances for test weight apparatuses. 801.9 Section...

7 CFR 801.9 - Tolerances for test weight apparatuses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRAIN INSPECTION EQUIPMENT § 801.9 Tolerances for test weight apparatuses. The maintenance tolerances for test weight per bushel apparatuses used in performing official inspection services... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Tolerances for test weight apparatuses. 801.9 Section...

The status of U.S. Virgin Islands' forests, 2004

Treesearch

Thomas J. Brandeis; Sonja N. Oswalt

2007-01-01

Forest covers 21 237 ha of the U.S. Virgin Islands, 61 percent of the total land area. St. John had the highest percentage of forest cover (92 percent), followed by St. Thomas (74 percent), and St. Croix (50 percent). Forest cover has decreased 7 percent from 1994 to 2004, a loss of 1671 ha of forest. Most notably, St. Croix lost 986 ha (11 percent) of subtropical dry...

Does Percent Body Fat Predict Outcome in Anorexia Nervosa?

PubMed Central

Mayer, Laurel E.S.; Roberto, Christina A.; Glasofer, Deborah R.; Etu, Sarah Fischer; Gallagher, Dympna; Wang, Jack; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Pierson, Richard N.; Attia, Evelyn; Devlin, Michael J.; Walsh, B. Timothy

2009-01-01

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship of body composition and neuroendocrine levels with clinical outcome in women with anorexia nervosa in a relapse-prevention trial. Method Body composition and fasting cortisol and leptin levels were assessed before random assignment in 32 weight-recovered subjects with anorexia nervosa from the New York site of the Fluoxetine to Prevent Relapse in Women With Anorexia Nervosa trial. Clinical outcome at the end of study participation was defined using modified Morgan-Russell criteria (full, good, fair, poor), then dichotomized into treatment “success” or “failure.” Results In a binary logistic regression model examining the effect of percent body fat, body mass index, anorexia nervosa subtype, waist-to-hip ratio, and serum cortisol and leptin levels on treatment outcome, only percent body fat was significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions In recently weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa, lower percent body fat was associated with poor long-term outcome. PMID:17541059

Predictors of long-term weight maintenance.

PubMed

Vogels, Neeltje; Diepvens, Kristel; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S

2005-12-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate available variables of a long-term weight maintenance study to investigate possible factors predisposing to weight regain after a period of weight loss. The Maastricht Weight Maintenance Study is an ongoing longitudinal study of healthy men and women (29 men and 62 women; 18 to 65 years of age; BMI = 30.2 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)). A variety of parameters were measured before and after a very-low-energy diet and after a follow-up of at least 2 years. Mean weight loss was 7.9 +/- 3.6 kg, and percent weight regain was 113.8 +/- 98.1%. Percent BMI regain was negatively associated with an increase in dietary restraint (r = -0.47, p < 0.05). Percent weight regain was negatively correlated with baseline resting metabolic rate (r = -0.38, p = 0.01) and baseline fat mass (r = -0.24, p = 0.05) and positively correlated with the magnitude of change in body weight (BW) expressed as maximum amplitude of BW (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). In addition, amplitude of BW was positively correlated with the frequency of dieting (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). The best predictors for weight maintenance after weight loss were an increase in dietary restraint during weight loss, a high baseline resting metabolic rate, a relatively high baseline fat mass favoring a fat-free mass-sparing effect during weight loss, a rather stable BW, and a low frequency of dieting. Therefore, BW maintenance after BW loss seems to be a multifactorial issue, including mechanisms that regulate an individuals' energy expenditure, body composition, and eating behavior in such a way that energy homeostasis is maintained.

7 CFR 51.685 - U.S. Combination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Combination. 51.685 Section 51.685 Agriculture....685 U.S. Combination. “U.S. Combination” consists of a combination of U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 oranges: Provided, That the number of U.S. No. 2 fruits specified in § 51.689, Tables I and II, are not...

49 CFR 1005.7 - Weight as a measure of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Weight as a measure of loss. 1005.7 Section 1005.7... VOLUNTARY DISPOSITION OF LOSS AND DAMAGE CLAIMS AND PROCESSING SALVAGE § 1005.7 Weight as a measure of loss. Where weight is used as a measure of loss in rail transit of scrap iron and steel and actual tare and...

49 CFR 1005.7 - Weight as a measure of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Weight as a measure of loss. 1005.7 Section 1005.7... VOLUNTARY DISPOSITION OF LOSS AND DAMAGE CLAIMS AND PROCESSING SALVAGE § 1005.7 Weight as a measure of loss. Where weight is used as a measure of loss in rail transit of scrap iron and steel and actual tare and...

27 CFR 30.62 - Table 2, showing wine gallons and proof gallons by weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... from this table. The left-hand column contains the weights. The true percent of proof is shown on the.... 201, Pub. L. 85-859, 72 Stat. 1358, as amended, 1362, as amended (26 U.S.C. 5204, 5211)) ...

27 CFR 30.62 - Table 2, showing wine gallons and proof gallons by weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... from this table. The left-hand column contains the weights. The true percent of proof is shown on the.... 201, Pub. L. 85-859, 72 Stat. 1358, as amended, 1362, as amended (26 U.S.C. 5204, 5211)) ...

27 CFR 30.62 - Table 2, showing wine gallons and proof gallons by weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... from this table. The left-hand column contains the weights. The true percent of proof is shown on the.... 201, Pub. L. 85-859, 72 Stat. 1358, as amended, 1362, as amended (26 U.S.C. 5204, 5211)) ...

27 CFR 30.62 - Table 2, showing wine gallons and proof gallons by weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... from this table. The left-hand column contains the weights. The true percent of proof is shown on the.... 201, Pub. L. 85-859, 72 Stat. 1358, as amended, 1362, as amended (26 U.S.C. 5204, 5211)) ...

7 CFR 51.624 - U.S. Combination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Combination. 51.624 Section 51.624 Agriculture... § 51.624 U.S. Combination. “U.S. Combination” consists of a combination of U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grapefruit: Provided, That the number of U.S. No. 2 fruits specified in § 51.628, Tables I and II, are not...

Weight loss and retention in a commercial weight-loss program and the effect of corporate partnership.

PubMed

Martin, C K; Talamini, L; Johnson, A; Hymel, A M; Khavjou, O

2010-04-01

No studies report whether improvements to commercial weight-loss programs affect retention and weight loss. Similarly, no studies report whether enrolling in a program through work (with a corporate partner) affects retention and weight loss. To determine whether: (1) adding evidence-based improvements to a commercial weight-loss program increased retention and weight loss, (2) enrolling in a program through work increased retention and weight loss and (3) whether increased weight loss was because of longer retention. Data were collected on 60 164 adults who enrolled in Jenny Craig's Platinum Program over 1 year in 2001-2002. The program was subsequently renamed the Rewards Program and improved by increasing treatment personalization and including motivational interviewing. Data were then collected on 81 505 participants of the Rewards Program who enrolled during 2005 (2418 of these participants enrolled through their employer, but paid out-of-pocket). Retention (participants were considered active until >or=42 consecutive days were missed) and weight loss (percent of original body weight) from baseline to the last visit (data were evaluated through week 52) were determined. Alpha was set at 0.001. Mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) retention (weeks) was significantly higher among Rewards (19.5 (19.4-19.6)) compared with Platinum (16.3 (16.2-16.4)) participants, and Rewards Corporate (25.9 (25.0-26.8)) compared with Noncorporate (21.9 (21.7-22.1)) participants. Modified intent-to-treat analyses indicated that mean (95% CI) percent weight loss was significantly larger among Rewards (6.36 (6.32-6.40)) compared with Platinum (5.45 (5.41-5.49)) participants, and Rewards Corporate (7.16 (6.92-7.40)) compared with Noncorporate (6.20 (6.16-6.24)) participants, with and without adjustment for baseline participant characteristics. In all cases, greater weight loss was secondary to longer retention. The study was not a randomized controlled trial, rather, a translational

Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 14-Percent-Thick NASA Supercritical Airfoil Designed for a Normal-Force Coefficient of 0.7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, C. D.

1975-01-01

This report documents the experimental aerodynamic characteristics of a 14 percent thick supercritical airfoil based on an off design sonic pressure plateau criterion. The design normal force coefficient was 0.7. The results are compared with those of the family related 10 percent thick supercritical airfoil 33. Comparisons are also made between experimental and theoretical characteristics and composite drag rise characteristics derived for a full scale Reynolds number of 40 million.

7 CFR 981.61 - Redetermination of kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Redetermination of kernel weight. 981.61 Section 981... GROWN IN CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Volume Regulation § 981.61 Redetermination of kernel weight. The Board, on the basis of reports by handlers, shall redetermine the kernel weight of almonds...

Comparison of two self-directed weight loss interventions: Limited weekly support vs. no outside support.

PubMed

Smith, Bryan K; Van Walleghen, Emily L; Cook-Wiens, Galen; Martin, Rachael N; Curry, Chelsea R; Sullivan, Debra K; Gibson, Cheryl A; Donnelly, Joseph E

2009-08-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two home-based weight loss interventions that differ only in the amount of outside support provided. This was a 12-week, randomized, controlled trial. One group received limited support (LWS, n = 35) via a single 10 min phone call each week while another group received no weekly support (NWS, n = 28). Both the LWS and NWS received pre-packaged meals (PM) and shakes. A third group served as control (CON, n = 30) and received no components of the intervention. Weight loss at 12 weeks was the primary outcome. Diet (PM, shake, and fruit/vegetable (F/V) intake) and physical activity (PA) were self-monitored, recorded daily and reported weekly. An exit survey was completed by participants in the intervention groups upon completion of the study. Weight loss and percent weight loss in the LWS, NWS, and CON groups were 7.7 ± 4.4 kg (8.5 ± 4.2%), 5.9 ± 4.1 kg (6.0 ± 4.2%), and 0.3 ± 1.9 kg (0.4 ± 1.2%), respectively. The decrease in body weight and percent weight loss was significantly greater in the LWS and NWS groups when compared to the CON group and the percent weight loss was significantly greater in the LWS when compared to both the NWS and CON groups. A home-based weight loss program utilizing PM and shakes results in clinically significant percent weight loss and the addition of a brief weekly call promotes additional percent weight loss. © 2009 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity . Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 981.60 - Determination of kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Determination of kernel weight. 981.60 Section 981.60... Regulating Handling Volume Regulation § 981.60 Determination of kernel weight. (a) Almonds for which settlement is made on kernel weight. All lots of almonds, whether shelled or unshelled, for which settlement...

Preference weights for the spectrum of alcohol use in the U.S. Population.

PubMed

Chavez, Laura J; Bradley, Katharine; Tefft, Nathan; Liu, Chuan-Fen; Hebert, Paul; Devine, Beth

2016-04-01

Little is known about the cost-utility of population-based alcohol interventions. One barrier to research has been the lack of preference weights needed to calculate Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Preference weights can be estimated from measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of this study was to describe preference weights for the full spectrum of alcohol use. This cross-sectional study included participants in both the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS; 1999-2002) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS; 2000-2003). The AUDIT-C alcohol screen was derived from NHIS with scores categorized into 6 groups (0,1-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-12 points), ranging from nondrinking (0) to very severe unhealthy alcohol use (10-12). AUDIT-C scores were mapped to EQ-5D and SF-6D preference weights using the linked datasets and analyses adjusted for demographics. Among 17,440 participants, mean EQ-5D and SF-6D preference weights were 0.82 (95% CI 0.82-0.83) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.79-0.80), respectively. Adjusted EQ-5D preference weights for nondrinking (0.80; 95% CI 0.79-0.81) and moderate unhealthy drinking (0.85; 95% CI 0.84-0.86) were significantly different from low-risk drinking (0.83; 95% CI 0.83-0.84), but no other differences were significant. Results for the SF-6D were similar. This study provides EQ-5D and SF-6D preference weights for various alcohol use categories in a representative U.S. adult sample. However, neither measure suggested meaningful differences in HRQOL based on AUDIT-C categories. Self-reported alcohol consumption may not be associated with preference weights or generic instruments may not capture alcohol-related differences in HRQOL. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermal properties of U-7Mo/Al dispersion fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Tae Won; Kim, Yeon Soo; Park, Jong Man; Lee, Kyu Hong; Kim, Sunghwan; Lee, Chong-Tak; Yang, Jae Ho; Oh, Jang Soo; Won, Ju-Jin; Sohn, Dong-Seong

2017-12-01

The thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of U-7Mo/Al and U-7Mo/Al-5Si as functions of U-Mo fuel volume fraction and temperature were measured. The density of the sample was measured at room temperature and estimated using thermal expansion data at elevated temperatures. Using the measured data, the thermal conductivity was obtained as a function of U-Mo volume fraction and temperature. The thermal conductivity of U-7Mo/Al-5Si was found to be lower than that of U-7Mo/Al because of the Si addition to the Al. Due to a lower porosity and reduced interaction between U-Mo and Al in the sample, the thermal conductivity data reported in the present study were higher than those in the literature. The present data were found to be in agreement with the predictions of theoretical models.

Associations among Physical Activity, Diet Quality, and Weight Status in U.S. Adults

PubMed Central

Pate, Russell R.; Taverno Ross, Sharon E.; Liese, Angela D.; Dowda, Marsha

2015-01-01

Purpose Nearly 70% of adult Americans are overweight or obese, but the associations between physical activity, diet quality, and weight status have not been examined in a representative sample of U.S. adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), diet quality, and weight status within and across age groups in U.S. adults. Methods Participants included 2,587 men and 2,412 women ages 20 to ≥70 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 and 2005–2006. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Diet quality was assessed with overall Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores. Measures of weight status, BMI and waist circumference, were assessed using standard NHANES protocols. Results Across age groups, MVPA was lower in the older age groups for both men and women while diet quality was higher (P<.001). BMI and waist circumference were also higher in the older age groups (P<0.05). Within age groups, MVPA was inversely associated with BMI and waist circumference for men and women in nearly every age group (P<0.05). Diet quality was inversely associated with the weight status variables only in men ages 30–39, 40–49 (BMI only), and 50–59 years, and women ages 50–59 years (P<0.05). Conclusions We observed clear age-related trends for measures of weight status, physical activity, and diet quality in U.S. men and women. MVPA was very consistently related to weight status in both genders. The relationship between diet quality and weight status was less consistent. These findings provide support for public health efforts to prevent obesity by promoting increased physical activity in adult Americans. PMID:25058328

U-10Mo Sample Preparation and Examination using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prabhakaran, Ramprashad; Joshi, Vineet V.; Rhodes, Mark A.

2016-10-01

The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines to prepare specimens of uranium alloyed with 10 weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) for optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy. This document also provides instructions to set up an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to analyze U-10Mo specimens and to obtain the required information.

U-10Mo Sample Preparation and Examination using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prabhakaran, Ramprashad; Joshi, Vineet V.; Rhodes, Mark A.

2016-03-30

The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines to prepare specimens of uranium alloyed with 10 weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) for optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy. This document also provides instructions to set up an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to analyze U-10Mo specimens and to obtain the required information.

7 CFR 51.2278 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.2278 Section 51.2278 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Standards for Shelled English Walnuts (Juglans Regia) Grades § 51.2278 U.S. Commercial. “U.S. Commercial...

Exposure to coarse particulate matter during gestation and birth weight in the U.S.

PubMed

Ebisu, Keita; Berman, Jesse D; Bell, Michelle L

2016-09-01

Few studies have explored the relationship between coarse particles (PM10-2.5) and adverse birth outcomes. We examined associations between gestational exposure of PM10-2.5 and birth weight. U.S. birth certificates data (1999-2007) were acquired for 8,017,865 births. Gestational and trimester exposures of PM10-2.5 were estimated using co-located PM10 and PM2.5 monitors ≤35km from the population-weighted centroid of mothers' residential counties. A linear regression model was applied, adjusted by potential confounders. As sensitivity analyses, we explored alternative PM10-2.5 estimations, adjustment for PM2.5, and stratification by regions. Gestational exposure to PM10-2.5 was associated with 6.6g (95% Confidence Interval: 5.9, 7.2) lower birth weight per interquartile range increase (7.8μg/m(3)) in PM10-2.5 exposures. All three trimesters showed associations. Under different exposure methods for PM10-2.5, associations remained consistent but with different magnitudes. Results were robust after adjusting for PM2.5, and regional analyses showed associations in all four regions with larger estimates in the South. Our results suggest that PM10-2.5 is associated with birth weight in addition to PM2.5. Regional heterogeneity may reflect differences in population, measurement error, region-specific emission pattern, or different chemical composition within PM10-2.5. Most countries do not set health-based standards for PM10-2.5, but our findings indicate potentially important health effects of PM10-2.5. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 51.2647 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.2647 Section 51.2647 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Standards for Grades for Sweet Cherries 1 Grades § 51.2647 U.S. Commercial. “U.S. Commercial” consists of...

7 CFR 51.1542 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.1542 Section 51.1542 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Standards for Grades of Potatoes 1 Grades § 51.1542 U.S. Commercial. “U.S. Commercial” consists of potatoes...

Problem Video Gaming Among Children Enrolled in Tertiary Weight Management Programs.

PubMed

Stubblefield, Sam; Datto, George; Phan, Thao-Ly T; Werk, Lloyd N; Stackpole, Kristin; Siegel, Robert; Stratbucker, William; Tucker, Jared M; Christison, Amy L; Hossain, Jobayer; Gentile, Douglas A

2017-02-01

Prior studies show seven percent to nine percent of children demonstrate gaming behaviors that affect a child's ability to function (e.g., problem gaming), but none have examined the association between problem gaming and weight status. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of problem gaming among children enrolled in tertiary weight management programs. We administered a computer-based survey to a convenience sample of children aged 11-17 years enrolled in five geographically diverse pediatric weight management (PWM) programs in the COMPASS (Childhood Obesity Multi-Program Analysis and Study System) network. The survey included demographics, gaming characteristics, and a problem gaming assessment. The survey had 454 respondents representing a diverse cohort (53 percent females, 27 percent black, 24 percent Hispanic, 41 percent white) with mean age of 13.7 years. A total of 8.2 percent of respondents met criteria for problem gaming. Problem gamers were more likely to be white, male, play mature-rated games, and report daily play. Children in PWM programs reported problem gaming at the same rate as other pediatric populations. Screening for problem gaming provides an opportunity for pediatricians to address gaming behaviors that may affect the health of children with obesity who already are at risk for worsened health and quality of life.

Ineffectiveness of commercial weight-loss programs for achieving modest but meaningful weight loss: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

McEvedy, Samantha M; Sullivan-Mort, Gillian; McLean, Siân A; Pascoe, Michaela C; Paxton, Susan J

2017-10-01

This study collates existing evidence regarding weight loss among overweight but otherwise healthy adults who use commercial weight-loss programs. Systematic search of 3 databases identified 11 randomized controlled trials and 14 observational studies of commercial meal-replacement, calorie-counting, or pre-packaged meal programs which met inclusion criteria. In meta-analysis using intention-to-treat data, 57 percent of individuals who commenced a commercial weight program lost less than 5 percent of their initial body weight. One in two (49%) studies reported attrition ≥30 percent. A second meta-analysis found that 37 percent of program completers lost less than 5 percent of initial body weight. We conclude that commercial weight-loss programs frequently fail to produce modest but clinically meaningful weight loss with high rates of attrition suggesting that many consumers find dietary changes required by these programs unsustainable.

Weight loss, weight regain, and conversions to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10-year results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

PubMed

Felsenreich, Daniel M; Langer, Felix B; Kefurt, Ronald; Panhofer, Peter; Schermann, Martin; Beckerhinn, Philipp; Sperker, Christoph; Prager, Gerhard

2016-11-01

With promising short-term results, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the second most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide. Aside from a growing number of reports covering up to 10 years of follow-up, only limited data have been published so far on long-term results. The aim of the study was to present a 10-year follow-up for SG. University hospital setting, Austria. We present the first complete 10-year follow-up of 53 consecutive patients who underwent SG before 2006. In this multicenter study, weight loss success, weight regain, and revisional surgery were analyzed beside Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) scores. A mean maximum percent excess weight loss of 71±25% (percent total weight loss: 28±15%) was reached at a median of 12 (range 12-120) months after SG. At 10 years, a mean percent excess weight loss of 53±25% was achieved by 32 patients, corresponding to a percent total weight loss of 26.3±13.4%. Nineteen of the 53 patients (36%) were converted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 18) or duodenal switch (n = 1) due to significant weight regain (n = 11), reflux (n = 6), or acute revision (n = 2) at a median of 36 months. Two patients died at 3 and 101 months postoperatively, unrelated to SG. A total of 31 patients (59%) suffered from weight regain of 10 kg or more, among them 24 patients (45%) with 15 kg or more, 16 patients (30%) with 20 kg or more, and 7 patients (13%) with 25 kg or more weight regain from nadir. Mean BAROS score was 2.4±2.2 at 10 years follow-up, classifying SG as "fairly efficient." Within a long-term follow-up of 10 years or more after SG, a high incidence of both significant weight regain and intractable reflux was observed, leading to conversion, most commonly to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 1230.102 - Exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6502), a signed certification that the applicant meets all of the... documentation to the Board and request an exemption from assessment on 100 percent organic porcine animals or... percent organic porcine animals or pork and pork products bearing this HTS classification assigned by the...

Insurance-mandated medical weight management before bariatric surgery.

PubMed

Horwitz, Daniel; Saunders, John K; Ude-Welcome, Akuezunkpa; Parikh, Manish

2016-01-01

Many insurance companies require a medical weight management (MWM) program as a prerequisite for approval for bariatric surgery. There is debate regarding the benefit of this requirement. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of insurance-mandated MWM programs on weight loss outcomes in our bariatric surgery population. To assess the effect of insurance-mandated MWM programs on weight loss outcomes in our bariatric surgery population. University. A retrospective review of all bariatric surgery cases performed between 2009 and 2013 was conducted. Patients were stratified by payor mix based on whether the insurance company required MWM. To control for differences between groups, a bucket matching algorithm was used to match patients based on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and surgery type (sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or gastric band). A repeated-measures regression model was created to estimate percent excess weight loss, percent excess BMI loss, and percent total weight loss. A total of 1432 bariatric surgery patients were reviewed. The bucket-matching algorithm resulted in 560 patients for final analysis. Mean age and BMI were 41 years and 43 kg/m(2), respectively, and 91% were female. The regression model found no significant differences in weight loss outcomes between the MWM group and the comparison group at 1 year and 2 years-percent total weight loss: 21.3% [95% confidence interval [CI] 20.6%-22.1%] versus 20.2% [95%CI 19.7%-20.6%) at 1 year and 23.4% [95%CI 22.6%-24.3%] versus 21.5% [95%CI 21.0%-22.0%] at 2 years. There was no difference in weight loss outcomes up to 2 years in patients who required insurance-mandated MWM programs. Longer-term studies are needed to determine the benefit of this insurance requirement. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 3.52 - Simple risk-weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... this paragraph (b). (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to a sovereign... International Monetary Fund, an MDB, and any other entity whose credit exposures receive a zero percent risk weight under § 3.32 may be assigned a zero percent risk weight. (2) 20 percent risk weight equity...

Validation of clinic weights from electronic health records against standardized weight measurements in weight loss trials.

PubMed

Xiao, Lan; Lv, Nan; Rosas, Lisa G; Au, David; Ma, Jun

2017-02-01

To validate clinic weights in electronic health records against researcher-measured weights for outcome assessment in weight loss trials. Clinic and researcher-measured weights from a published trial (BE WELL) were compared using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, Bland and Altman's limits of agreement, and polynomial regression model. Changes in clinic and researcher-measured weights in BE WELL and another trial, E-LITE, were analyzed using growth curve modeling. Among BE WELL (n = 330) and E-LITE (n = 241) participants, 96% and 90% had clinic weights (mean [SD] of 5.8 [6.1] and 3.7 [3.9] records) over 12 and 15 months of follow-up, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.99, and limits of agreement plots showed no pattern between or within treatment groups, suggesting overall good agreement between researcher-measured and nearest-in-time clinic weights up to 3 months. The 95% confidence intervals for predicted percent differences fell within ±3% for clinic weights within 3 months of the researcher-measured weights. Furthermore, the growth curve slopes for clinic and researcher-measured weights by treatment group did not differ significantly, suggesting similar inferences about treatment effects over time, in both trials. Compared with researcher-measured weights, close-in-time clinic weights showed high agreement and inference validity. Clinic weights could be a valid pragmatic outcome measure in weight loss studies. © 2017 The Obesity Society.

Liposuction of the arm concurrent with brachioplasty in the massive weight loss patient: is it safe?

PubMed

Bossert, Ronald P; Dreifuss, Stephanie; Coon, Devin; Wollstein, Adi; Clavijo-Alvarez, Julio; Gusenoff, Jeffrey A; Rubin, J Peter

2013-02-01

Brachioplasty continues to be a sought-after procedure among the massive weight loss population. Residual adiposity of the upper arm can make this procedure more difficult. The authors sought to determine the safety of arm liposuction outside the region of excision with concomitant excisional brachioplasty. Data were analyzed from a prospective registry of massive weight loss patients who underwent brachioplasty alone or with concurrent arm liposuction. Variables examined included age, sex, body mass index, method of weight loss, medical comorbidities, and smoking status. Outcomes included complications such as seroma, wound dehiscence, infection, hematoma, lymphedema, and need for revision. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess outcome measures. One hundred forty-four patients (139 women and five men; mean body mass index, 29.6 ± 4.1 kg/m; mean age, 46 ± 10.7 years) underwent brachioplasty. Sixty-four patients had concomitant arm liposuction at the time of brachioplasty. The remaining 80 patients underwent excisional brachioplasty alone. Despite significantly higher operative body mass indices among those undergoing concurrent liposuction, no significant differences in complication rates were seen between the liposuction and excision-alone cohorts for seroma (19.1 percent versus 23.1 percent), wound dehiscence (7.9 percent versus 2.6 percent), infection (4.8 percent versus 6.4 percent), hematoma (3.2 percent versus 0 percent), or lymphedema (3.2 percent versus 1.3 percent). Revision rates were similar between the two groups (9.5 percent with liposuction and 8.9 percent without liposuction). Liposuction can be performed safely and effectively outside the region of excision at the time of brachioplasty without the need for prior debulking or staged arm-contouring procedures. Therapeutic, III.

Problem Video Gaming Among Children Enrolled in Tertiary Weight Management Programs

PubMed Central

Datto, George; Phan, Thao-Ly T.; Werk, Lloyd N.; Stackpole, Kristin; Siegel, Robert; Stratbucker, William; Tucker, Jared M.; Christison, Amy L.; Hossain, Jobayer; Gentile, Douglas A.

2017-01-01

Abstract Prior studies show seven percent to nine percent of children demonstrate gaming behaviors that affect a child's ability to function (e.g., problem gaming), but none have examined the association between problem gaming and weight status. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of problem gaming among children enrolled in tertiary weight management programs. We administered a computer-based survey to a convenience sample of children aged 11–17 years enrolled in five geographically diverse pediatric weight management (PWM) programs in the COMPASS (Childhood Obesity Multi-Program Analysis and Study System) network. The survey included demographics, gaming characteristics, and a problem gaming assessment. The survey had 454 respondents representing a diverse cohort (53 percent females, 27 percent black, 24 percent Hispanic, 41 percent white) with mean age of 13.7 years. A total of 8.2 percent of respondents met criteria for problem gaming. Problem gamers were more likely to be white, male, play mature-rated games, and report daily play. Children in PWM programs reported problem gaming at the same rate as other pediatric populations. Screening for problem gaming provides an opportunity for pediatricians to address gaming behaviors that may affect the health of children with obesity who already are at risk for worsened health and quality of life. PMID:28170312

7 CFR 51.2835 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.2835 Section 51.2835 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Onions (Other Than Bermuda-Granex-Grano and Creole Types) Grades § 51.2835 U.S. No... Matter; (4) Seedstems; (5) Sprouts; (6) Mechanical; (7) Dry sunken areas; (8) Disease; (9) Freezing; (10...

7 CFR 51.2835 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.2835 Section 51.2835 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Onions (Other Than Bermuda-Granex-Grano and Creole Types) Grades § 51.2835 U.S. No... Matter; (4) Seedstems; (5) Sprouts; (6) Mechanical; (7) Dry sunken areas; (8) Disease; (9) Freezing; (10...

7 CFR 51.883 - U.S. Fancy Export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Fancy Export. 51.883 Section 51.883 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Grades § 51.883 U.S. Fancy Export. “U.S. Fancy Export” consists of grapes which meet the requirements for U.S. Fancy Table, except that bunches...

Bodybuilding, Energy, and Weight-Loss Supplements are Associated with Deployment and Physical Activity in U.S. Military Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:477–478. 22. Baum M, Weiss M. The influence of a taurine containing drink on...Naval Health Research Center Bodybuilding, Energy, and Weight-Loss Supplements Are Associated With Deployment and Physical Activity in U.S...Weight-Loss Supplements Are Associated With Deployment and Physical Activity in U.S. Military Personnel ISABEL G. JACOBSON, MPH, JAIME L. HORTON, BS

INSULIN GLARGINE 300 U/ML IS ASSOCIATED WITH LESS WEIGHT GAIN WHILE MAINTAINING GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND LOW RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA COMPARED WITH INSULIN GLARGINE 100 U/ML IN AN AGING POPULATION WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.

PubMed

Munshi, Medha N; Gill, Jasvinder; Chao, Jason; Nikonova, Elena V; Patel, Meenakshi

2018-02-01

Assess efficacy, hypoglycemia, and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) or 100 U/mL (Gla-100) across different age groups. Pooled data were generated for patients randomized to Gla-300 or Gla-100 in the EDITION 2 (NCT01499095) and 3 (NCT01676220) studies. In 4 age groups (<55, ≥55 to <60, ≥60 to <65, ≥65 years), glycated hemoglobin A1C (A1C), percentage of patients reaching A1C <7.5% (58 mmol/mol), weight change, confirmed hypoglycemia (blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL), and/or severe hypoglycemia (events requiring third-party assistance) were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic, binomial, and analysis of covariance regression modeling. A1C reductions from baseline and proportions of patients at target were similar for Gla-300 and Gla-100 across all age groups at 6 and 12 months, but hypoglycemia incidence and event rate were lower with Gla-300 at 6 (both P<.001) and 12 months ( P<.001 and P = .005, respectively). Patients on Gla-300 gained less weight than those on Gla-100 at 6 ( P = .027) and 12 months ( P = .021). Changes in weight and daily weight-adjusted insulin dose decreased with increasing age at 6 ( P<.001 and P = .017, respectively) and 12 months ( P<.001 and P = .011, respectively). Older patients with T2D may benefit from treatment with Gla-300, which is associated with a lower hypoglycemia rate and less weight gain with similar efficacy compared with Gla-100. A1C = glycated hemoglobin A1C BMI = body mass index Gla-100 = insulin glargine 100 U/mL Gla-300 = insulin glargine 300 U/mL OAD = oral antidiabetes drug T2D = type 2 diabetes.

Electron capture by U(91+) and U(92+) and ionization of U(90+) and U(91+)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gould, H.; Greiner, D.; Lindstrom, P.; Symons, T. J. M.; Crawford, H.

1984-01-01

U(92+)/U(91+) and U(91+)/U(90+) electron-capture and ionization cross sections and equilibrium charge-state distributions are measured experimentally in mylar, Cu and Ta of varying thickness. Relativistic U(68+) ions at 437 or 962 MeV/nucleon are produced by a heavy-ion linear accelerator and synchrotron in tandem and passed through the target material into a magnetic specrometer and position-sensitive proportional counter for evaluation of charge states. The results are presented graphically and discussed. At 962 MeV/nucleon, beams containing 85 percent bare U(92+) nuclei are obtained using 150-mg/sq cm Cu or 85-mg/sq cm Ta; at 437 MeV/nucleon, 50 percent bare U(92+) nuclei are obtained with 90-mg/sq cm Cu. The techniques decribed can be applied to produce beams of bare U nuclei for acceleration to ultrarelativistic speeds or beams of few-electron U for atomic-physics experiments on quantum electrodynamics.

7 CFR 51.2751 - U.S. Medium Virginia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Medium Virginia. 51.2751 Section 51.2751 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... § 51.2751 U.S. Medium Virginia. “U.S. Medium Virginia” consists of shelled Virginia type peanut kernels...

7 CFR 51.2751 - U.S. Medium Virginia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Medium Virginia. 51.2751 Section 51.2751 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... § 51.2751 U.S. Medium Virginia. “U.S. Medium Virginia” consists of shelled Virginia type peanut kernels...

7 CFR 51.598 - U.S. Grade B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Grade B. 51.598 Section 51.598 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.598 U.S. Grade B. U...

7 CFR 51.598 - U.S. Grade B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Grade B. 51.598 Section 51.598 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.598 U.S. Grade B. U...

7 CFR 51.2751 - U.S. Medium Virginia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Medium Virginia. 51.2751 Section 51.2751... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Shelled Virginia Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2751 U.S. Medium Virginia. “U.S. Medium Virginia” consists of shelled Virginia type peanut kernels of similar varietal...

7 CFR 51.2751 - U.S. Medium Virginia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Medium Virginia. 51.2751 Section 51.2751... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Shelled Virginia Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2751 U.S. Medium Virginia. “U.S. Medium Virginia” consists of shelled Virginia type peanut kernels of similar varietal...

7 CFR 51.2751 - U.S. Medium Virginia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Medium Virginia. 51.2751 Section 51.2751... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Shelled Virginia Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2751 U.S. Medium Virginia. “U.S. Medium Virginia” consists of shelled Virginia type peanut kernels of similar varietal...

Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy of the nu4 (sigma u) fundamental and associated nu11(pi u) hot band of C7 - Evidence for alternating rigidity in linear carbon clusters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heath, J. R.; Saykally, R. J.

1991-01-01

The first characterization of the bending potential of the C7 cluster is reported via the observation of the v = 1(1) and v = 2 deg levels of the nu11 (pi u) bend as hot bands associated with the nu4 (sigma u) antisymmetric stretch fundamental. The lower state hot band rotational constants are measured to be 1004.4(1.3) and 1123.6(9.0) MHz, constituting a 9.3 and 22 percent increase over the ground state rotational constant, 918.89 (41) MHz. These large increases are strong quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants determined for the ground and nu 4 = 1 states are found to be anomalously large and negative, evidencing strong perturbations between stretching and bending modes.

7 CFR 51.1141 - U.S. Fancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... tolerances see § 51.1151. (f) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Fancy. 51.1141 Section 51.1141 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

Impact of response criteria (tibia ash weight vs. percent) on phytase relative non phytate phosphorus equivalance.

PubMed

Li, W; Angel, R; Kim, S-W; Jiménez-Moreno, E; Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M; Plumstead, P W

2015-09-01

The current study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of using tibia ash percentage or ash weight as the response criteria on estimated phytase relative equivalence. Straight run broilers were fed treatment (Trt) diets from 7 to 21 d age (6 birds/pen, 8 pens/Trt). The corn-soy based Trt were formulated to contain 0.80% Ca and 4 non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) concentrations (0.20, 0.27, 0.34, and 0.40%). Monocalcium phosphate was the inorganic phosphate source added to achieve 4 different dietary nPP concentrations and against which the nPP relative equivalence of phytase was determined. A 6-phytase (Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK) was added at 500 or 1,000 phytase unit ( FTU: )/kg to the 0.20% nPP diet resulting 6 total Trts. Tibia ash was determined at 21 d age. Phytase fed at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg increased tibia ash weight and ash percentage compared to that of birds fed 0.20% nPP diet without phytase (P<0.05). Graded nPP were log transformed and regressed against tibia ash (weight and percentage) to calculate phytase nPP relative equivalence. The R2 obtained from pen value regressions were 0.81 and 0.84, for tibia ash weight and percentage, respectively. Ash percentage from birds fed 500 and 1,000 FTU phytase/kg fell within the range obtained with the MCP additions. Ash weight (842 mg/tibia) from birds fed 1,000 FTU phytase/kg exceeded (P<0.05) maximum weight (773 mg/tibia) measured in birds fed the greatest nPP Trt (0.40%), thus the nPP relative equivalence was only calculated in birds fed 500 FTU phytase/kg Trt. The nPP relative equivalence in birds fed 500 FTU phytase/kg were 0.117 and 0.168% based on ash percentage and weight, respectively (P<0.05). The nPP relative equivalence in birds fed 1,000 FTU phytase/kg was 0.166% for ash percentage. Results suggested that ash weight better reflects the amount of bone mineralization as compared to ash percentage and using ash percentage may lead to an underestimation of

The relationship between biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of parents and the weight of infant at the time of birth in Isfahan.

PubMed

Talebian, Mohammad Hassan; Afrooz, Gholam Ali; Hooman, Heidar Ali; Aghaei, Asghar

2013-01-01

The present study was connected in order to evaluate the relationship between biological, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers and the weight of infant at the time of birth. In order to conduct this research a sample of 910 women among recently delivered mothers of Isfahan province in 2009 were selected. From stratified sampling and cluster sampling according to the percentage of population in each of the cities of Isfahan Province was used. The data was gathered with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher in order to evaluate the biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers, in addition to the Enrich marital satisfaction test. After collecting data, the analysis of the data was done with SPSS software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics by using logistic regression model. The results showed that the prevalence of low weight infants was 9.5 percent and 38.7 percent of pregnancies was unwanted. Twenty-nine percent of mothers had marital dissatisfaction. 15/6 percent of pregnancies were below 20 years old and 22 percent was above of 35 years old. 38.9 percent of mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke. The average of weight gain during pregnancies was 9 kilograms. Thirty three percent of mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy, 26.7 percent had history of abortion and 31.9 percent had history of bleeding. 23/1percent of women was employed during pregnancy, 19.8 percent gave twin birth and 21/1 percent of parents were relative of each other, 29.7 percent of deliveries were done in cesarean way. The results of this study showed that severe marital dissatisfaction, abnormal blood pressure during pregnancy, being employed during pregnancy, weight gain less than 5 Kg during pregnancy, pregnancy below the age of 20 can meaning fully increase the possibility of low birth weight in infant (α=0.05). The results were consisting with the previous findings and indicated that some of the applicable

7 CFR 51.596 - U.S. Grade AA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Grade AA. 51.596 Section 51.596 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.596 U.S. Grade AA. U.S. Grade AA shall consist of stalks...

7 CFR 51.596 - U.S. Grade AA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Grade AA. 51.596 Section 51.596 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.596 U.S. Grade AA. U.S. Grade AA shall consist of stalks...

Association between kindergarten and first-grade food insecurity and weight status in U.S. children.

PubMed

Lee, Arthur M; Scharf, Rebecca J; DeBoer, Mark D

The aim of this study was to determine if food insecurity is an independent risk factor for obesity in U.S. children. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of children participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort 2011. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate longitudinal associations between food security and body mass index (BMI) z-score. All regression models included race/ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Survey and anthropometric data was collected from teachers and parents of 8167 U.S. children entering kindergarten in fall 2010 with regular follow-up through third grade. Complete data regarding food security, socioeconomic assessment, and BMI z-score data were included for statistical analyses. All analyses were weighted to be nationally representative. Children with household food insecurity had increased obesity prevalence from kindergarten through grade 3; for example, at kindergarten, with food insecurity 16.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.7-19) versus food secure 12.4% (95% CI, 11.3-13.6). Adjusted means analysis showed first-grade food insecurity was significantly correlated with increased BMI z-score in first through third grades; for example, at first grade, with food insecurity 0.6 (95% CI, 0.5-0.7) versus food secure 0.4 (95% CI, 0.4-0.5). Logistic regression showed first-grade food insecurity was correlated with increased risk for obesity in that grade (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-2). Obesity is more prevalent among food-insecure children. First-grade food insecurity is an independent risk factor for longitudinal increases in BMI z-score. There are differences in the association between food insecurity and weight status between kindergarten and first grade. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Accelerometer profiles of physical activity and inactivity in normal weight, overweight, and obese U.S. men and women.

PubMed

Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Brashear, Meghan M; Johnson, William D; Katzmarzyk, Peter T

2010-08-03

The 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is used to describe an accelerometer-derived physical activity/inactivity profile in normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 /= 30 kg/m2) U.S. adults. We computed physical activity volume indicators (activity counts/day, uncensored and censored steps/day), rate indicators (e.g., steps/minute), time indicators (employing NHANES activity counts/minute cut points to infer time in non-wear, sedentary, low, light, moderate, and vigorous intensities), the number of breaks in sedentary time (occasions when activity counts rose from < 100 activity/counts in one minute to >/= 100 activity counts in the subsequent minute), achievement of public health guidelines, and classification by step-defined physical activity levels. Data were examined for evidence of consistent and significant gradients across BMI-defined categories. In 2005-2006, U.S adults averaged 6,564 +/- SE 107 censored steps/day, and after considering non-wear time, they spent approximately 56.8% of the rest of the waking day in sedentary time, 23.7% in low intensity, 16.7% in light intensity, 2.6% in moderate intensity, and 0.2% in vigorous intensity. Overall, approximately 3.2% of U.S. adults achieved public health guidelines. The normal weight category took 7,190 +/- SE 157 steps/day, and spent 25.7 +/- 0.9 minutes/day in moderate intensity and 7.3 +/- 0.4 minutes/day in vigorous intensity physical activity. The corresponding numbers for the overweight category were 6,879 +/- 140 steps/day, 25.3 +/- 0.9 minutes/day, and 5.3 +/- 0.5 minutes/day and for the obese category 5,784 +/- 124 steps/day, 17.3 +/- 0.7 minutes/day and 3.2 +/- 0.4 minutes/day. Across BMI categories, increasing gradients and significant trends were apparent in males for sedentary time and decreasing gradients and significant trends were evident in time spent in light intensity, moderate intensity, and vigorous intensity. For

12 CFR 324.152 - Simple risk weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (that is, between zero and -1), then E equals the absolute value of RVC. If RVC is negative and less... the lowest applicable risk weight in this section. (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An....131(d)(2) is assigned a zero percent risk weight. (2) 20 percent risk weight equity exposures. An...

7 CFR 51.598 - U.S. Grade B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Grade B. 51.598 Section 51.598 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.598 U.S. Grade B. U.S. Grade B shall consist of stalks of...

7 CFR 51.597 - U.S. Grade A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Grade A. 51.597 Section 51.597 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.597 U.S. Grade A. U.S. Grade A shall consist of stalks of...

7 CFR 51.596 - U.S. Grade AA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Grade AA. 51.596 Section 51.596 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.596 U.S. Grade AA. U.S. Grade AA shall consist of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics, which are well...

7 CFR 51.596 - U.S. Grade AA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Grade AA. 51.596 Section 51.596 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Consumer Standards for Celery Stalks Grades § 51.596 U.S. Grade AA. U.S. Grade AA shall consist of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics, which are well...

7 CFR 51.2731 - U.S. Spanish Splits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Spanish Splits. 51.2731 Section 51.2731... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Spanish Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2731 U.S. Spanish Splits. “U.S. Spanish Splits” consists of shelled Spanish type peanut kernels which are split or broken...

7 CFR 51.2108 - U.S. Select Sheller Run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot or other means. (See §§ 51.2113 and 51.2114.) In order to allow... round opening 20/64 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter; and, (g) For other defects. 3 percent, including not more...

12 CFR 3.152 - Simple risk weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... applicable risk weight in this section. (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to... assigned a zero percent risk weight. (2) 20 percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to a... equals zero. If RVC is negative and greater than or equal to -1 (that is, between zero and -1), then E...

The Influence of U.S. Chain Restaurant Food Consumption and Obesity in China and South Korea: An Ecological Perspective of Food Consumption, Self-Efficacy in Weight Management, Willingness to Communicate About Weight/Diet, and Depression.

PubMed

Wright, Kevin B; Mazzone, Raphael; Oh, Hyun; Du, Joshua; Smithson, Anne-Bennett; Ryan, Diane; MacNeil, David; Tong, Xing; Stiller, Carol

2016-11-01

This study examined the impact of U.S. chain restaurant food consumption in China and South Korea from an ecological perspective. Specifically, it explored the relationships among several environmental and individual variables that have been found to affect obesity/weight management in previous research, including the prevalence/popularity of U.S. chain restaurants in these countries, frequency of U.S. chain restaurant food consumption, self-efficacy in weight management, willingness to communicate about weight/diet, self-perceptions of weight/obesity stigma, body mass index (BMI), and depression. The results indicated that willingness to communicate about weight/diet predicted increased self-efficacy in weight management. Higher BMI scores were found to predict increased weight/obesity stigma, and increased frequency of U.S. restaurant food consumption, weight/obesity stigma, and reduced self-efficacy in weight management were found to predict increased levels of depression. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, along with limitations and directions for future research.

7 CFR 51.3197 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.3197 Section 51.3197 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Bermuda-Granex-Grano Type Onions Grades § 51.3197 U.S. No. 2. U.S. No. 2 consists of...) Free from serious damage caused by: (1) Seedstems; (2) Dry sunken areas; (3) Sprouting; (4) Staining...

7 CFR 51.3197 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.3197 Section 51.3197 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Bermuda-Granex-Grano Type Onions Grades § 51.3197 U.S. No. 2. U.S. No. 2 consists of...) Free from serious damage caused by: (1) Seedstems; (2) Dry sunken areas; (3) Sprouting; (4) Staining...

7 CFR 51.2835 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... areas; (8) Disease; (9) Freezing; (10) Insects; and, (11) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.2837... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.2835 Section 51.2835 Agriculture... Creole Types) Grades § 51.2835 U.S. No. 2. U.S. No. 2 consists of onions which meet the following...

7 CFR 51.3197 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.3197 Section 51.3197 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Bermuda-Granex-Grano Type Onions Grades § 51.3197 U.S. No. 2. U.S. No. 2 consists of...) Free from serious damage caused by: (1) Seedstems; (2) Dry sunken areas; (3) Sprouting; (4) Staining...

Maternal parenting behaviors during childhood relate to weight status and fruit and vegetable intakes of college students

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The purpose of this study was to examine if childhood parenting behaviors, under both general and feeding specific situations, related to college students’ weight status, waist circumference (WC), and fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes. U.S. college students (n equals 424, 66 percent female, 18-24 yr,...

7 CFR 51.2832 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.2832 Section 51.2832 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Onions (Other Than Bermuda-Granex-Grano and Creole Types) Grades § 51.2832 U.S...) Free from damage caused by: (1) Seedstems; (2) Tops; (3) Roots; (4) Dry sunken areas; (5) Sunburn; (6...

7 CFR 51.2832 - U.S. Commercial.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Commercial. 51.2832 Section 51.2832 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Onions (Other Than Bermuda-Granex-Grano and Creole Types) Grades § 51.2832 U.S...) Free from damage caused by: (1) Seedstems; (2) Tops; (3) Roots; (4) Dry sunken areas; (5) Sunburn; (6...

7 CFR 51.302 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.302 Section 51.302 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Grades § 51.302 U.S. No. 1. “U.S. No... § 51.305. Apples of this grade are free from excessive damage caused by russeting which means that...

7 CFR 51.302 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.302 Section 51.302 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples Grades § 51.302 U.S. No. 1. “U.S. No... § 51.305. Apples of this grade are free from excessive damage caused by russeting which means that...

7 CFR 52.1846 - Grades of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... reasonably well-matured; that contain not more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of... moisture; and that meet the additional requirements outlined in Table I of this subpart. (b) “U.S. Grade B... moisture for all varieties of seedless raisins except the Monukka variety, which may contain not more than...

7 CFR 52.1846 - Grades of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... reasonably well-matured; that contain not more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of... moisture; and that meet the additional requirements outlined in Table I of this subpart. (b) “U.S. Grade B... moisture for all varieties of seedless raisins except the Monukka variety, which may contain not more than...

Body weight and composition dynamics of fall migrating canvasbacks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Serie, J.R.; Sharp, D.E.

1989-01-01

We studied body weights and composition of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) during fall migration 1975-77 on stopover sites along the upper Mississippi River near La Crosse, Wisconsin (Navigational Pools 7 and 8) and Keokuk, Iowa (Navigational Pool 19). Body weights varied (P < 0.001) by age and sex without interaction. Weights varied by year (P < 0.001) on Pools 7 and 8. Mean weights increased (P < 0.01) within age and sex classes by date and averaged 3.6 and 2.7 g daily on Pools 7 and 8 and Pool 19, respectively. Percent fat was highly correlated (P < 0.001) with carcass weight for each age and sex. Live weight was a good predictor of total body fat. Mean estimated total body fat ranged from 200 to 300 g and comprised 15-20% of live weights among age and sex classes. Temporal weight patterns were less variable for adults than immatures, but generally increased during migration. Length of stopover varied inversely with fat reserves among color-marked adult males. Variation in fat condition of canvasbacks during fall may explain the mechanism regulating population ingress and egress on stopover sites. Fat reserves attained by canvasbacks during fall stopover may have adaptive significance in improving survival by conditioning for winter.

Body weight status and onset of cognitive impairment among U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

PubMed

Xiang, Xiaoling; An, Ruopeng

2015-01-01

To examine the relationship between body weight status and onset of cognitive impairment among U.S. middle-aged and older adults. Study sample came from 1996 to 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, consisting of 6739 community-dwelling adults born between 1931 and 1941 who were free from cognitive impairment in 1996. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height/weight. Cognitive impairment was defined by a composite score of 11 or lower on the immediate and delayed word recall, serial 7's, and backwards counting tests. Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association between base-year body weight status and future onset of cognitive impairment. Compared with their normal weight counterparts, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for cognitive impairment incidence was 2.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.38-3.00), 1.15 (1.02-1.29), 1.28 (1.14-1.43), and 1.59 (1.33-1.92) among underweight (BMI<18.5), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), class I obese (30 ≤ BMI < 35), and class II obese or above (BMI ≥ 35) participants, respectively. The unadjusted relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment onset appeared stronger among females than among males. After adjusting for base-year individual sociodemographics, functional limitations and chronic conditions, the estimated associations between body weight status and cognitive impairment were attenuated but remained statistically significant for underweight participants. Underweight is a robust risk factor for onset of cognitive impairment in later life. Weight management programs targeting middle-aged and older adults should focus on achieving and maintaining optimal body weight. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 51.302 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.302 Section 51.302 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Apples Grades § 51.302 U.S. No. 1. “U.S. No. 1” consists of apples which meet the... color is required for all varieties listed in table I of § 51.305. Apples of this grade are free from...

7 CFR 51.302 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.302 Section 51.302 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Apples Grades § 51.302 U.S. No. 1. “U.S. No. 1” consists of apples which meet the... color is required for all varieties listed in table I of § 51.305. Apples of this grade are free from...

7 CFR 51.302 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.302 Section 51.302 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Apples Grades § 51.302 U.S. No. 1. “U.S. No. 1” consists of apples which meet the... color is required for all varieties listed in table I of § 51.305. Apples of this grade are free from...

Weight change and physical function in older women: findings from the Nun Study.

PubMed

Tully, C L; Snowdon, D A

1995-12-01

To investigate the association between change in weight and decline in physical function in older women. Longitudinal study of a defined population of Catholic sisters (nuns) whose weight and function were assessed twice, an average of 584 days apart. Unique life communities (convents) located throughout the United States. 475 Catholic sisters who were 75 to 99 years of age (M = 82.1, SD = 4.8) and were independent in at least one Activity of Daily Living (ADL) at the first assessment of weight and function. None. At each assessment, weight, ADLs, and cognitive function were evaluated as part of the Nun Study--a longitudinal study of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Annual percent weight change was calculated using weights from the two assessments, as well as the number of days that elapsed between assessments. Mean weight at first assessment was 140 pounds (range 78 to 232, SD = 27). The mean annual percent weight change was 0.1% (range 22% loss to 16% gain, SD = 3.8). Age- and initial weight-adjusted findings indicated that those participants with an annual percent weight loss of 3% or greater had 2.7 to 3.9 times the risk of becoming dependent in each ADL, compared to the sisters with no weight change. The elevated risk persisted in those who were mentally intact or were independent in their eating habits. Monitoring of weight may be an easy and inexpensive method of identifying older individuals at increased risk of disability.

Interrelationships between BMI, skinfold thicknesses, percent body fat, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among U.S. children and adolescents.

PubMed

Freedman, David S; Ogden, Cynthia L; Kit, Brian K

2015-11-18

Although the estimation of body fatness by Slaughter skinfold thickness equations (PBF(Slaughter)) has been widely used, the accuracy of this method is uncertain. We have previously examined the interrelationships among the body mass index (BMI), PBF(Slaughter), percent body fat from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (PBF(DXA)) and CVD risk factor levels among children who were examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study and in the Pediatric Rosetta Body Composition Project. The current analyses examine these associations among 7599 8- to 19-year-olds who participated in the (U.S.) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. We analyzed (1) the agreement between (1) estimates of percent body fat calculated from the Slaughter skinfold thickness equations and from DXA, and (2) the relation of lipid, lipoprotein, and blood pressure levels to BMI, PBF(Slaughter) and PBF(DXA). PBF(Slaughter) was highly correlated (r ~ 0.85) with PBF(DXA). However, among children with a relatively low skinfold thicknesses sum (triceps + subscapular), PBF(Slaughter) underestimated PBF(DXA) by 8 to 9 percentage points. In contrast, PBF(Slaughter) overestimated PBF(DXA) by 10 points among boys with a skinfold thickness sum ≥ 50 mm. After adjustment for sex and age, lipid levels were related similarly to the body mass index, PBF(DXA) and PBF(Slaughter). There were, however, small differences in associations with blood pressure levels: systolic blood pressure was more strongly associated with body mass index, but diastolic blood pressure was more strongly associated with percent body fat. The Slaughter equations yield biased estimates of body fatness. In general, lipid and blood pressure levels are related similarly to levels of BMI (following adjustment for sex and age), PBF(Slaughter,) and PBF(DXA).

Equivalent reductions in body weight during the Beef WISE Study: beef's role in weight improvement, satisfaction and energy.

PubMed

Sayer, R D; Speaker, K J; Pan, Z; Peters, J C; Wyatt, H R; Hill, J O

2017-09-01

The objective of this randomized equivalence trial was to determine the impact of consuming lean beef as part of a high protein (HP) weight-reducing diet on changes in body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health. A total of 120 adults (99 female) with overweight or obesity (BMI: 35.7 ± 7.0 kg m -2 ) were randomly assigned to consume either a HP diet with ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef (B; n  = 60) or a HP diet restricted in all red meats (NB; n  = 60) during a 16-week weight loss intervention. Body weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB ( p  < 0.01 for both). Changes in percent body weight were equivalent between B and NB (mean difference: 0.06%, 90% confidence interval: (-1.7, 1.8)). Fat mass was reduced in both groups ( p  < 0.01; B: 8.0 ± 0.6 kg, NB: 8.6 ± 0.6 kg), while lean mass was not reduced in either group. Improvements in markers of cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure) were not different between B and NB. Results of this study demonstrate that HP diets - either rich or restricted in red meat intakes - are effective for decreasing body weight and improving body composition and cardiometabolic health.

48 CFR 52.247-64 - Preference for Privately Owned U.S.-Flag Commercial Vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ship at least 50 percent of the gross tonnage involved under this contract (computed separately for dry... of commodity. (H) Gross weight in pounds and cubic feet if available. (I) Total ocean freight revenue...) Shipped in direct support of U.S. military— (1) Contingency operations; (2) Exercises; or (3) Forces...

48 CFR 52.247-64 - Preference for Privately Owned U.S.-Flag Commercial Vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ship at least 50 percent of the gross tonnage involved under this contract (computed separately for dry... of commodity. (H) Gross weight in pounds and cubic feet if available. (I) Total ocean freight revenue...) Shipped in direct support of U.S. military— (1) Contingency operations; (2) Exercises; or (3) Forces...

48 CFR 52.247-64 - Preference for Privately Owned U.S.-Flag Commercial Vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ship at least 50 percent of the gross tonnage involved under this contract (computed separately for dry... of commodity. (H) Gross weight in pounds and cubic feet if available. (I) Total ocean freight revenue...) Shipped in direct support of U.S. military— (1) Contingency operations; (2) Exercises; or (3) Forces...

12 CFR 217.52 - Simple risk-weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... greater than or equal to −1 (that is, between zero and −1), then E equals the absolute value of RVC. If... this section) by the lowest applicable risk weight in this paragraph (b). (1) Zero percent risk weight... credit exposures receive a zero percent risk weight under § 217.32 may be assigned a zero percent risk...

7 CFR 51.1575 - U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large. 51.1575 Section 51.1575 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1575 U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

7 CFR 51.1576 - U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large. 51.1576 Section 51.1576 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1576 U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

7 CFR 51.1575 - U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large. 51.1575 Section 51.1575 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1575 U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

7 CFR 51.1576 - U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large. 51.1576 Section 51.1576 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1576 U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

7 CFR 51.1575 - U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large. 51.1575 Section 51.1575 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1575 U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

7 CFR 51.1576 - U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large. 51.1576 Section 51.1576 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... Potatoes Grades § 51.1576 U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade...

Drop-Weight Impact Test on U-Shape Concrete Specimens with Statistical and Regression Analyses

PubMed Central

Zhu, Xue-Chao; Zhu, Han; Li, Hao-Ran

2015-01-01

According to the principle and method of drop-weight impact test, the impact resistance of concrete was measured using self-designed U-shape specimens and a newly designed drop-weight impact test apparatus. A series of drop-weight impact tests were carried out with four different masses of drop hammers (0.875, 0.8, 0.675 and 0.5 kg). The test results show that the impact resistance results fail to follow a normal distribution. As expected, U-shaped specimens can predetermine the location of the cracks very well. It is also easy to record the cracks propagation during the test. The maximum of coefficient of variation in this study is 31.2%; it is lower than the values obtained from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) impact tests in the literature. By regression analysis, the linear relationship between the first-crack and ultimate failure impact resistance is good. It can suggested that a minimum number of specimens is required to reliably measure the properties of the material based on the observed levels of variation. PMID:28793540

7 CFR 51.1576 - U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large. 51.1576 Section 51.1576 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...) United States Consumer Standards for Potatoes Grades § 51.1576 U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U...

7 CFR 51.1575 - U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large. 51.1575 Section 51.1575 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...) United States Consumer Standards for Potatoes Grades § 51.1575 U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U...

7 CFR 51.1576 - U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U.S. Grade B Medium to Large; U.S. Grade B Large. 51.1576 Section 51.1576 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...) United States Consumer Standards for Potatoes Grades § 51.1576 U.S. Grade B Small; U.S. Grade B Medium; U...

7 CFR 51.1575 - U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U.S. Grade A Medium to Large; U.S. Grade A Large. 51.1575 Section 51.1575 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...) United States Consumer Standards for Potatoes Grades § 51.1575 U.S. Grade A Small; U.S. Grade A Medium; U...

7 CFR 51.2076 - U.S. No. 1 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Mixed. 51.2076 Section 51.2076 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Almonds in the Shell Grades § 51.2076 U.S. No. 1 Mixed. “U.S. No. 1 Mixed” consists... varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. ...

7 CFR 51.1433 - U.S. Commercial Halves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial Halves. 51.1433 Section 51.1433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1433 U.S. Commercial Halves. The...

7 CFR 51.1435 - U.S. Commercial Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Commercial Pieces. 51.1435 Section 51.1435 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1435 U.S. Commercial Pieces. The...

Muscular development and lean body weight in body builders and weight lifters.

PubMed

Katch, V L; Katch, F I; Moffatt, R; Gittleson, M

1980-01-01

The extent of extreme muscular development in 39 males identified as body builders (N = 18), power weight lifters (N = 13), and Olympic weight lifters (N = 8) were studied. Body composition and anthropometric data, including calculations of pre-excess muscle body weight (scale weight minus excess muscle) were obtained. The lean body weight and percent fats of the subjects were: body builders = 74.6 kg, 9.3%; power weight lifters = 73.3 kg, 9.1%; and Olympic weight lifters = 68.2 kg, 10.8%. No group differences were present in frame size, percent fat, lean body weight, skinfolds, and diameter measurements. The only group differences were for the shoulders, chest, biceps relaxed and flexed, and forearm girths. In each case the body builders were larger. Calculations of excess muscle by the Behnke method revealed that the body builders had 15.6 kg excess muscle, power weight lifters 14.8 kg, and Olympic weight lifters 13.1 kg. Somatographic comparisons revealed only slight differences between the groups, while differences with reference man were substantial.

7 CFR 51.2833 - U.S. No. 1 Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Boilers. 51.2833 Section 51.2833 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards...) Grades § 51.2833 U.S. No. 1 Boilers. U.S. No. 1 Boilers consists of onions which meet all the...

7 CFR 51.1148 - U.S. No. 2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... tolerances see § 51.1151. (e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2. 51.1148 Section 51.1148 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 51.1145 - U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)” or “U.S... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Bronze. 51.1145 Section 51.1145 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 51.1142 - U.S. No. 1 Bright.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)” or “U.S... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Bright. 51.1142 Section 51.1142 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 51.1147 - U.S. No. 2 Bright.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)” or “U.S... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Bright. 51.1147 Section 51.1147 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 51.2078 - U.S. No. 2 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Mixed. 51.2078 Section 51.2078 Agriculture... Standards for Grades of Almonds in the Shell Grades § 51.2078 U.S. No. 2 Mixed. “U.S. No. 2 Mixed” consists... varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. Application of Tolerances ...

School Enrollment in Iraq during the U.S-Led Invasion: A Statistical Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shafiq, M. Najeeb

2012-01-01

Little is known about the educational consequences in Iraq during the U.S.-led invasion of 2003-2010. This study examines school enrollment based on the 2007 Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey. There are three main findings. First, a population-weighted analysis indicates that the school enrollment rate (72.3 percent) is lower than past Iraqi…

7 CFR 51.2076 - U.S. No. 1 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Mixed. 51.2076 Section 51.2076 Agriculture.... No. 1 Mixed. “U.S. No. 1 Mixed” consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade, except that two or more varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. ...

7 CFR 51.2076 - U.S. No. 1 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Mixed. 51.2076 Section 51.2076 Agriculture.... No. 1 Mixed. “U.S. No. 1 Mixed” consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade, except that two or more varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. ...

7 CFR 51.2730 - U.S. No. 1 Spanish.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Spanish. 51.2730 Section 51.2730... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Spanish Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2730 U.S. No. 1 Spanish. “U.S. No. 1 Spanish” consists of shelled Spanish type peanut kernels which are whole and free...

7 CFR 51.2732 - U.S. No. 2 Spanish.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Spanish. 51.2732 Section 51.2732... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Spanish Type Peanuts Grades § 51.2732 U.S. No. 2 Spanish. “U.S. No. 2 Spanish” consists of shelled Spanish type peanut kernels which may be split or broken...

7 CFR 4284.1013 - Evaluation criteria and weights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Evaluation criteria and weights. 4284.1013 Section 4284.1013 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation...

7 CFR 4284.1013 - Evaluation criteria and weights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Evaluation criteria and weights. 4284.1013 Section 4284.1013 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation...

7 CFR 4284.1013 - Evaluation criteria and weights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Evaluation criteria and weights. 4284.1013 Section 4284.1013 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation...

7 CFR 4284.1013 - Evaluation criteria and weights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Evaluation criteria and weights. 4284.1013 Section 4284.1013 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation...

7 CFR 4284.1013 - Evaluation criteria and weights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Evaluation criteria and weights. 4284.1013 Section 4284.1013 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation...

Body weight status and onset of functional limitations in U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

PubMed

An, Ruopeng; Shi, Yuyan

2015-07-01

The sweeping obesity epidemic could further increase the incidence of functional limitations in the U.S. rapidly aging population. To examine the relationship between body weight status and onset of functional limitations in U.S. middle-aged and older adults. Study sample came from 1992 to 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height/weight. Functional limitations were classified into physical mobility limitation (PM), large muscle function limitation (LMF), activities of daily living limitation (ADL), gross motor function limitation (GMF), and fine motor function limitation (FMF). Mixed-effect logistic regressions were performed to estimate the relationship between prior-wave body weight status and current-wave onset of functional limitations, adjusted for individual characteristics and survey design. Prior-wave body weight status prospectively predicted onset of functional limitation, and the relationship showed a U-shaped pattern. Compared with their normal weight counterparts, the odds ratios (ORs) in underweight (BMI < 18.5) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) adults were 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.62) and 2.31 (2.11-2.52) for PM, 1.20 (0.96-1.50) and 1.63 (1.49-1.79) for LMF, 2.02 (1.66-2.46) and 1.40 (1.28-1.54) for ADL, 1.96 (1.60-2.39) and 1.77 (1.62-1.93) for GMF, and 1.66 (1.37-2.02) and 1.34 (1.22-1.46) for FMF, respectively. For PM, LMF and GMF, the impact of obesity appeared more pronounced in women, whereas that of underweight more pronounced in men. Proper weight management during aging is crucial in preventing functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Socioeconomic inequality in excessive body weight in Indonesia.

PubMed

Aizawa, Toshiaki; Helble, Matthias

2017-11-01

Exploiting the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), this paper studies the transition of socioeconomic-related excess weight disparity, including overweight and obesity, from 1993 to 2014. First, we show that the proportions of overweight and obese people in Indonesia increased rapidly during the time period covered and that poorer groups exhibited a larger annual excess weight growth rate than richer groups (7.49 percent vs. 3.01 percent). Second, by calculating the concentration index, we confirm that the prevalence of obesity affected increasingly poorer segments of Indonesian society. Consequently, the concentration index decreased during the study period, from 0.287 to 0.093. Finally, decomposing the change in the concentration index of excess weight from 2000 to 2014, we show that a large part of the change can be explained by a decrease in the elasticity of wealth and improved sanitary conditions in poorer households. Overall, obesity in Indonesia no longer affects purely the wealthier segments of the population but the entire socioeconomic spectrum. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Equivalent reductions in body weight during the Beef WISE Study: beef's role in weight improvement, satisfaction and energy

PubMed Central

Sayer, R. D.; Speaker, K. J.; Pan, Z.; Peters, J. C.; Wyatt, H. R.

2017-01-01

Summary Objective The objective of this randomized equivalence trial was to determine the impact of consuming lean beef as part of a high protein (HP) weight‐reducing diet on changes in body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health. Methods A total of 120 adults (99 female) with overweight or obesity (BMI: 35.7 ± 7.0 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume either a HP diet with ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef (B; n = 60) or a HP diet restricted in all red meats (NB; n = 60) during a 16‐week weight loss intervention. Results Body weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB (p < 0.01 for both). Changes in percent body weight were equivalent between B and NB (mean difference: 0.06%, 90% confidence interval: (−1.7, 1.8)). Fat mass was reduced in both groups (p < 0.01; B: 8.0 ± 0.6 kg, NB: 8.6 ± 0.6 kg), while lean mass was not reduced in either group. Improvements in markers of cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure) were not different between B and NB. Conclusion Results of this study demonstrate that HP diets – either rich or restricted in red meat intakes – are effective for decreasing body weight and improving body composition and cardiometabolic health. PMID:29071106

U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

U.S. Energy Information Administration releases its online analysis of 2016 energy-related carbon dioxide emissions today. It indicates U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels were 5,170 million metric tons carbon dioxide in 2016, a decrease of 1.7 percent from the 2015 level. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions have declined in six of the last ten years. This analysis is based on data contained in the August 2017 Monthly Energy Review.

7 CFR 51.2078 - U.S. No. 2 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Mixed. 51.2078 Section 51.2078 Agriculture.... No. 2 Mixed. “U.S. No. 2 Mixed” consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U.S. No. 2 grade, except that two or more varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. Application of Tolerances ...

7 CFR 51.2078 - U.S. No. 2 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Mixed. 51.2078 Section 51.2078 Agriculture.... No. 2 Mixed. “U.S. No. 2 Mixed” consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U.S. No. 2 grade, except that two or more varieties of sweet almonds are mixed. Application of Tolerances ...

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches: efficacy, tolerability and compliance with label dose administration directions.

PubMed

Hersh, Elliot V; Ciancio, Sebastian G; Kuperstein, Arthur S; Stoopler, Eric T; Moore, Paul A; Boynes, Sean G; Levine, Steven C; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E; Corby, Patricia M A; Turetzky, Stanley N; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M

2013-05-01

The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. The responders' rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications. Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely.

22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

22 CFR 51.7 - Passport property of the U.S. Government.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Passport property of the U.S. Government. 51.7 Section 51.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORTS General § 51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government. (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United...

Highest weight representation for Sklyanin algebra sl(3)(u) with application to the Gaudin model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burdik, C., E-mail: burdik@kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz; Navratil, O.

2011-06-15

We study the infinite-dimensional Sklyanin algebra sl(3)(u). Specifically we construct the highest weight representation for this algebra in an explicit form. Its application to the Gaudin model is mentioned.

In-pile test results of U-silicide or U-nitride coated U-7Mo particle dispersion fuel in Al

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Yeon Soo; Park, J. M.; Lee, K. H.; Yoo, B. O.; Ryu, H. J.; Ye, B.

2014-11-01

U-silicide or U-nitride coated U-Mo particle dispersion fuel in Al (U-Mo/Al) was in-pile tested to examine the effectiveness of the coating as a diffusion barrier between the U-7Mo fuel kernels and Al matrix. This paper reports the PIE data and analyses focusing on the effectiveness of the coating in terms of interaction layer (IL) growth and general fuel performance. The U-silicide coating showed considerable success, but it also provided evidence for additional improvement for coating process. The U-nitride coated specimen showed largely inefficient results in reducing IL growth. From the test, important observations were also made that can be utilized to improve U-Mo/Al fuel performance. The heating process for coating turned out to be beneficial to suppress fuel swelling. The use of larger fuel particles confirmed favorable effects on fuel performance.

Effects of covert subject actions on percent body fat by air-displacement plethsymography.

PubMed

Tegenkamp, Michelle H; Clark, R Randall; Schoeller, Dale A; Landry, Greg L

2011-07-01

Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is used for estimation of body composition, however, some individuals, such as athletes in weight classification sports, may use covert methods during ADP testing to alter their apparent percent body fat. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of covert subject actions on percent body fat measured by ADP. Subjects underwent body composition analysis in the Bod Pod following the standard procedure using the manufacturer's guidelines. The subjects then underwent 8 more measurements while performing the following intentional manipulations: 4 breathing patterns altering lung volume, foot movement to disrupt air, hand cupping to trap air, and heat and cold exposure before entering the chamber. Increasing and decreasing lung volume during thoracic volume measurement and during body density measurement altered the percent body fat assessment (p < 0.001). High lung volume during thoracic gas measures overestimated fat by 3.7 ± 2.1 percentage points. Lowered lung volume during body volume measures overestimated body fat by an additional 2.2 ± 2.1 percentage points. The heat and cold exposure, tapping, and cupping treatments provided similar estimates of percent body fat when compared with the standard condition. These results demonstrate the subjects were able to covertly change their estimated ADP body composition value by altering breathing when compared with the standard condition. We recommend that sports conditioning coaches, athletic trainers, and technicians administering ADP should be aware of the potential effects of these covert actions. The individual responsible for administering ADP should remain vigilant during testing to detect deliberate altered breathing patterns by athletes in an effort to gain a competitive advantage by manipulating their body composition assessment.

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182 Section 173.182 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more...

The Effects of Metformin and Weight Loss on Biomarkers Associated With Breast Cancer Outcomes.

PubMed

Patterson, Ruth E; Marinac, Catherine R; Sears, Dorothy D; Kerr, Jacqueline; Hartman, Sheri J; Cadmus-Bertram, Lisa; Villaseñor, Adriana; Flatt, Shirley W; Godbole, Suneeta; Li, Hongying; Laughlin, Gail A; Oratowski-Coleman, Jesica; Parker, Barbara A; Natarajan, Loki

2018-05-18

This study investigated the effects of metformin and weight loss on biomarkers associated with breast cancer prognosis. Overweight/obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 333) were randomly assigned to metformin vs placebo and to a weight loss intervention vs control (ie, usual care). The 2 × 2 factorial design allows a single randomized trial to investigate the effect of two factors and interactions between them. Outcomes were changes in fasting insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), estradiol, testosterone, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The trial was powered for a main effects analysis of metformin vs placebo and weight loss vs control. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. A total of 313 women (94.0%) completed the six-month trial. High prescription adherence (ie, ≥80% of pills taken) ranged from 65.9% of participants in the metformin group to 81.3% of those in the placebo group (P < .002). Mean percent weight loss was statistically significantly higher in the weight loss group (-5.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -6.3% to -4.8%) compared with the control group (-2.7%, 95% CI = -3.5% to -1.9%). Statistically significant group differences (ie, percent change in metformin group minus placebo group) were -7.9% (95% CI = -15.0% to -0.8%) for insulin, -10.0% (95% CI = -18.5% to -1.5%) for estradiol, -9.5% (95% CI = -15.2% to -3.8%) for testosterone, and 7.5% (95% CI = 2.4% to 12.6%) for SHBG. Statistically significant group differences (ie, percent change in weight loss group minus placebo group) were -12.5% (95% CI = -19.6% to -5.3%) for insulin and 5.3% (95% CI = 0.2% to 10.4%) for SHBG. As adjuvant therapy, weight loss and metformin were found to be a safe combination strategy that modestly lowered estrogen levels and advantageously affected other biomarkers thought to be on the pathway for reducing breast cancer recurrence and mortality.

Th-230 - U-238 series disequilibrium of the Olkaria rhyolites Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya: Residence times

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Black, S.; Macdonald, R.; Kelly, M.

1993-01-01

U-series disequilibrium analyses have been conducted on samples from Olkaria rhyolite centers with ages being available for all but one center using both internal and whole rock isochrons. 67 percent of the rhyolites analyzed show U-Th disequilibrium, ranging from 27 percent excess thorium to 36 percent excess uranium. Internal and whole rock isochrons give crystallization/formation ages between 65 ka and 9 ka, in every case these are substantially older than the eruptive dates. The residence times of the rhyolites (U-Th age minus the eruption date) have decreased almost linearly with time, from 45 ka to 7 Ka suggesting a possible increase of activity within the system related to increased basaltic input. The long residence times are mirrored by large Rn-222 fluxes from the centers which cannot be explained by larger U contents.

Testing Hypotheses in Linear Models with Weighted Rank Statistics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-01

18- The resulting weight matrix is Colo -bo" 01 "-bopop (7.2) W - -boJl0 cll I .. -blpJl p - bpp -bplpl.. cI pO pO pi-pi pP where I is an n x n...F(x+a 1 ) and F3 (x) = F(x+a 1 ) . Substituting these into (7.7), differentiating and evaluating at a, 0 yields * 2dU2/dala= = 2nnbl2-n~nb0)2 dU /d

A weighted U statistic for association analyses considering genetic heterogeneity.

PubMed

Wei, Changshuai; Elston, Robert C; Lu, Qing

2016-07-20

Converging evidence suggests that common complex diseases with the same or similar clinical manifestations could have different underlying genetic etiologies. While current research interests have shifted toward uncovering rare variants and structural variations predisposing to human diseases, the impact of heterogeneity in genetic studies of complex diseases has been largely overlooked. Most of the existing statistical methods assume the disease under investigation has a homogeneous genetic effect and could, therefore, have low power if the disease undergoes heterogeneous pathophysiological and etiological processes. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneity-weighted U (HWU) method for association analyses considering genetic heterogeneity. HWU can be applied to various types of phenotypes (e.g., binary and continuous) and is computationally efficient for high-dimensional genetic data. Through simulations, we showed the advantage of HWU when the underlying genetic etiology of a disease was heterogeneous, as well as the robustness of HWU against different model assumptions (e.g., phenotype distributions). Using HWU, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of nicotine dependence from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environments dataset. The genome-wide analysis of nearly one million genetic markers took 7h, identifying heterogeneous effects of two new genes (i.e., CYP3A5 and IKBKB) on nicotine dependence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pregnancy and Postpartum Related Weight Counseling Practices of U.S. Obstetrician-Gynecologists: Results from the Doc Styles Survey, 2010.

PubMed

Boothe-LaRoche, Allison; Belay, Brook; Sharma, Andrea J

To describe factors and provider characteristics associated with weight-related counseling practices among U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs). Data were from a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 250 OB/GYNs. The OB/GYNs were asked how often they used pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) to determine the appropriate range of gestational weight gain (GWG), counseled pregnant patients on appropriate rate of GWG, and counseled postpartum patients on weight loss or maintenance. They were also asked how often they counseled pregnant and postpartum patients on five weight-related behaviors [consumption of Fruits and Vegetables (FV), Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB), or high-fat or sugary foods, breastfeeding, and Physical Activity (PA)]. Less than half of providers reported "always" using BMI to determine appropriate GWG (42%); however 65% reported "always" counseling about appropriate GWG rate. About one-third of providers reported counseling about postpartum weight loss or maintenance (38%).Providers reported counseling pregnant and postpartum patients on all weight-related behaviors only 58% and 27% of the time, respectively. Providers with normal BMI had a greater odds of counseling pregnant patients on FV consumption (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-7.0) and postpartum patients on FV (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) compared to overweight/obese providers. Providers who exercised regularly had a greater odds of counseling pregnant and postpartum patients on SSB (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.8, and aOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4-4.9, respectively) compared to those providers not exercising regularly. Providers who used podcasts for continuing medical education(CME) had a greater odds of providing counseling on several behaviors, including postpartum patients on FV consumption (aOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.2). Improvements can be made in weight-related counseling practices of OB/GYNs for both pregnant and postpartum patients. Strategies to improve counseling

Bending properties of a new nickel-titanium alloy with a lower percent by weight of nickel.

PubMed

Testarelli, Luca; Plotino, Gianluca; Al-Sudani, Dina; Vincenzi, Valentina; Giansiracusa, Alessio; Grande, Nicola M; Gambarini, Gianluca

2011-09-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bending properties of Hyflex instruments, which exhibit a lower percent in weight of nickel (52 Ni %wt) and compare them with other commercially available nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. Ten instruments with tip size 25, 0.06 taper of each of the following NiTi rotary instrumentation techniques were selected for the study: Hyflex, EndoSequence, ProFile, Hero, and Flexmasters. All instruments from each group were tested for stiffness by comparing their bending moment when they attained a 45-degree bend. Experimental procedures strictly followed testing methodology described in ISO 3630-1. All data were recorded and subjected to statistical evaluation by using analysis of variance test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05). Statistical analysis of the data revealed that Hyflex files were found to be the most flexible instruments, with a significant difference (P < .05) in comparison with the other instruments. Among the other files, a significant difference has been reported for EndoSequence instruments compared with ProFile, Hero, and FlexMaster (P < .05), whereas no significant differences have been reported among those 3 files (P > .05). Results of the present study have illustrated an increased flexibility of the new NiTi alloy over conventional NiTi alloy, and they highlight the potential of the new manufacturing process. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Serum Predictors of Percent Lean Mass in Young Adults.

PubMed

Lustgarten, Michael S; Price, Lori L; Phillips, Edward M; Kirn, Dylan R; Mills, John; Fielding, Roger A

2016-08-01

Lustgarten, MS, Price, LL, Phillips, EM, Kirn, DR, Mills, J, and Fielding, RA. Serum predictors of percent lean mass in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2194-2201, 2016-Elevated lean (skeletal muscle) mass is associated with increased muscle strength and anaerobic exercise performance, whereas low levels of lean mass are associated with insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Therefore, studies aimed at obtaining an improved understanding of mechanisms related to the quantity of lean mass are of interest. Percent lean mass (total lean mass/body weight × 100) in 77 young subjects (18-35 years) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Twenty analytes and 296 metabolites were evaluated with the use of the standard chemistry screen and mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling, respectively. Sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression was used to determine serum analytes and metabolites significantly (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.30) associated with the percent lean mass. Two enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase) and 29 metabolites were found to be significantly associated with the percent lean mass, including metabolites related to microbial metabolism, uremia, inflammation, oxidative stress, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glycerolipid metabolism, and xenobiotics. Use of sex-adjusted stepwise regression to obtain a final covariate predictor model identified the combination of 5 analytes and metabolites as overall predictors of the percent lean mass (model R = 82.5%). Collectively, these data suggest that a complex interplay of various metabolic processes underlies the maintenance of lean mass in young healthy adults.

Weight misperception and disordered weight control behaviors among U.S. high school students with overweight and obesity: Associations and trends, 1999-2013.

PubMed

Hazzard, Vivienne M; Hahn, Samantha L; Sonneville, Kendrin R

2017-08-01

To examine prevalence of weight misperception (incongruence between one's perceived weight status and one's actual weight status) and disordered weight control behaviors (DWCBs; unhealthy behaviors aiming to control or modify weight), associations between weight misperception and DWCBs, and temporal trends in prevalence and associations among adolescents with overweight and obesity from 1999 to 2013. Self-reported data from eight biennial cycles (1999-2013) of the cross-sectional national Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used in analyses restricted to respondents with overweight/obesity. Data on weight status perception, use of fasting, purging, and diet pills to control weight, sex, race/ethnicity, and grade in school were used in multivariate logistic regression models. Among U.S. high school students with overweight and obesity, no linear temporal trends were detected for prevalence of weight misperception, fasting, or purging between 1999 and 2013, while a significant linear decrease was observed for prevalence of diet pill use between 1999 and 2013 (b=-0.81, p<0.01). Using data pooled across 1999-2013, weight misperception predicted lower use of all DWCBs examined in this study among females and lower use of fasting to control weight among males. No significant changes over time in associations of weight misperception with fasting or purging were observed, though the association between weight misperception and diet pill use weakened somewhat across 1999-2013. In the context of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, weight misperception appears to be a robust protective factor for DWCBs. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Aerodynamic characteristics of the 10-percent-thick NASA supercritical airfoil 33 designed for a normal-force coefficient of 0.7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, C. D.

1975-01-01

A 10-percent-thick supercritical airfoil based on an off-design sonic-pressure plateau criterion was developed and experimental aerodynamic characteristics measured. The airfoil had a design normal-force coefficient of 0.7 and was identified as supercritical airfoil 33. Results show the airfoil to have good drag rise characteristics over a wide range of normal-force coefficients with no measurable shock losses up to the Mach numbers at which drag divergence occurred for normal-force coefficients up to 0.7. Comparisons of experimental and theoretical characteristics were made and composite drag rise characteristics were derived for normal-force coefficients of 0.5 and 0.7 and a Reynolds number of 40 million.

Combined oral contraceptives and body weight: do oral contraceptives cause weight gain? A primate model.

PubMed

Edelman, A; Jensen, J T; Bulechowsky, M; Cameron, J

2011-02-01

The aim of this study was to determine if oral contraceptive (OC) use affects body weight, body composition and metabolism in primates. Reproductive-age female rhesus monkeys of normal and obese BMI were studied to document baseline weight stability, then treated continuously with an OC (dosed to achieve equivalent human serum levels for a 30 µg ethinyl estradiol/150 µg levonorgestrel preparation) for 237 days. Monkeys were monitored for changes in body weight, levels of physical activity (measured by a triaxial Actical accelerometer), food/caloric intake, percent body fat (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and metabolism (24 h metabolic rate and serum metabolic substrate and hormone concentrations). All 10 monkeys completed the study protocol with no adverse events. While body weight (-0.73% change) and percent body fat (-1.78% change) of the normal BMI group did not significantly decrease from baseline, obese monkeys showed a significant decrease in body weight (-8.58% change, P < 0.01) and percent body fat (-12.13% change P = 0.02) with OC treatment. In both the obese (P = 0.03) and the normal BMI (P = 0.01) groups, there was a significant increase in basal metabolic rate with OC use. No changes were seen in food intake, activity level or % lean muscle mass with OC use for either BMI-based group. Overall, OC use appears to cause a slight increase in basal metabolic rate in female monkeys, leading to a decrease in body weight and percent body fat in obese individuals.

Processes Linking Weight Status and Self-Concept Among Girls From Ages 5 to 7 Years

PubMed Central

Davison, Kirsten Krahnstoever; Birch, Leann Lipps

2008-01-01

This study assessed the relationship between girls’ weight status and self-concept and examined peer teasing and parent criticism as potential mediators of this relationship. Data were collected for 182 girls and their parents when the girls were 5 and 7 years old. At each age, girls’ body mass index, self-concept, peer weight-related teasing (child report), and parents’ criticism of girls’ weight status (spouse report) were assessed. At ages 5 and 7, girls who were more overweight reported lower self-concept. Peer teasing and parent criticism mediated the relationship between weight status and self-concept at age 7, but not at age 5. In addition, the duration and timing of parent criticism across ages 5 and 7 mediated the association between girls’ weight status at age 5 and perceived peer acceptance at age 7. PMID:12220051

7 CFR 51.1146 - U.S. No. 1 Russet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (a) For tolerances see § 51.1151. (b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Russet. 51.1146 Section 51.1146 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 51.1144 - U.S. No. 1 Golden.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) For tolerances see § 51.1151. (b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Golden. 51.1144 Section 51.1144 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

7 CFR 3300.88 - Fees for U.S. ATP certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. 3300.88 Section 3300... EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP); INSPECTION, TESTING, AND CERTIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Other Provisions § 3300.88 Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. The fee schedule for issuance of U.S. ATP...

7 CFR 3300.88 - Fees for U.S. ATP certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. 3300.88 Section 3300... EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP); INSPECTION, TESTING, AND CERTIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Other Provisions § 3300.88 Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. The fee schedule for issuance of U.S. ATP...

7 CFR 3300.88 - Fees for U.S. ATP certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. 3300.88 Section 3300... EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP); INSPECTION, TESTING, AND CERTIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Other Provisions § 3300.88 Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. The fee schedule for issuance of U.S. ATP...

7 CFR 3300.88 - Fees for U.S. ATP certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. 3300.88 Section 3300... EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP); INSPECTION, TESTING, AND CERTIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Other Provisions § 3300.88 Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. The fee schedule for issuance of U.S. ATP...

7 CFR 3300.88 - Fees for U.S. ATP certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. 3300.88 Section 3300... EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP); INSPECTION, TESTING, AND CERTIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Other Provisions § 3300.88 Fees for U.S. ATP certificates. The fee schedule for issuance of U.S. ATP...

Eccentric exercise training as a countermeasure to non-weight-bearing soleus muscle atrophy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirby, Christopher R.; Ryan, Mirelle J.; Booth, Frank W.

1992-01-01

This investigation tested whether eccentric resistance training could prevent soleus muscle atrophy during non-weight bearing. Adult female rats were randomly assigned to either weight bearing +/- intramuscular electrodes or non-weight bearing +/- intramuscular electrodes groups. Electrically stimulated maximal eccentric contractions were performed on anesthetized animals at 48-h intervals during the 10-day experiment. Non-weight bearing significantly reduced soleus muscle wet weight (28-31 percent) and noncollagenous protein content (30-31 percent) compared with controls. Eccentric exercise training during non-weight bearing attenuated but did not prevent the loss of soleus muscle wet weight and noncollagenous protein by 77 and 44 percent, respectively. The potential of eccentric exercise training as an effective and highly efficient counter-measure to non-weight-bearing atrophy is demonstrated in the 44 percent attenuation of soleus muscle noncollagenous protein loss by eccentric exercise during only 0.035 percent of the total non-weight-bearing time period.

Predicting successful long-term weight loss from short-term weight-loss outcomes: new insights from a dynamic energy balance model (the POUNDS Lost study)123

PubMed Central

Ivanescu, Andrada E; Martin, Corby K; Heymsfield, Steven B; Marshall, Kaitlyn; Bodrato, Victoria E; Williamson, Donald A; Anton, Stephen D; Sacks, Frank M; Ryan, Donna; Bray, George A

2015-01-01

Background: Currently, early weight-loss predictions of long-term weight-loss success rely on fixed percent-weight-loss thresholds. Objective: The objective was to develop thresholds during the first 3 mo of intervention that include the influence of age, sex, baseline weight, percent weight loss, and deviations from expected weight to predict whether a participant is likely to lose 5% or more body weight by year 1. Design: Data consisting of month 1, 2, 3, and 12 treatment weights were obtained from the 2-y Preventing Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) intervention. Logistic regression models that included covariates of age, height, sex, baseline weight, target energy intake, percent weight loss, and deviation of actual weight from expected were developed for months 1, 2, and 3 that predicted the probability of losing <5% of body weight in 1 y. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), and thresholds were calculated for each model. The AUC statistic quantified the ROC curve’s capacity to classify participants likely to lose <5% of their body weight at the end of 1 y. The models yielding the highest AUC were retained as optimal. For comparison with current practice, ROC curves relying solely on percent weight loss were also calculated. Results: Optimal models for months 1, 2, and 3 yielded ROC curves with AUCs of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.74), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.81), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.84), respectively. Percent weight loss alone was not better at identifying true positives than random chance (AUC ≤0.50). Conclusions: The newly derived models provide a personalized prediction of long-term success from early weight-loss variables. The predictions improve on existing fixed percent-weight-loss thresholds. Future research is needed to explore model application for informing treatment approaches during early intervention. The POUNDS Lost study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995. PMID:25733628

The effect of weight change on changes in breast density measures over menopause in a breast cancer screening cohort.

PubMed

Wanders, Johanna Olga Pauline; Bakker, Marije Fokje; Veldhuis, Wouter Bernard; Peeters, Petra Huberdina Maria; van Gils, Carla Henrica

2015-05-30

High weight and high percentage mammographic breast density are both breast cancer risk factors but are negatively correlated. Therefore, we wanted to obtain more insight into this apparent paradox. We investigated in a longitudinal study how weight change over menopause is related to changes in mammographic breast features. Five hundred ninety-one participants of the EPIC-NL cohort were divided into three groups according to their prospectively measured weight change over menopause: (1) weight loss (more than -3.0 %), (2) stable weight (between -3.0 % and +3.0 %), and (3) weight gain (more than 3.0 %). SPSS GLM univariate analysis was used to determine both the mean breast measure changes in, and the trend over, the weight change groups. Over a median period of 5 years, the mean changes in percent density in these groups were -5.0 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) -8.0; -2.1), -6.8 % (95 % CI -9.0; -4.5), and -10.2 % (95 % CI -12.5; -7.9), respectively (P-trend = 0.001). The mean changes in dense area were -16.7 cm(2) (95 % CI -20.1; -13.4), -16.4 cm(2) (95 % CI -18.9; -13.9), and -18.1 cm(2) (95 % CI -20.6; -15.5), respectively (P-trend = 0.437). Finally, the mean changes in nondense area were -6.1 cm(2) (95 % CI -11.9; -0.4), -0.6 cm(2) (95 % CI -4.9; 3.8), and 5.3 cm(2) (95 % CI 0.9; 9.8), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). Going through menopause is associated with a decrease in both percent density and dense area. Owing to an increase in the nondense tissue, the decrease in percent density is largest in women who gain weight. The decrease in dense area is not related to weight change. So the fact that both high percent density and high weight or weight gain are associated with high postmenopausal breast cancer risk can probably not be explained by an increase (or slower decrease) of dense area in women gaining weight compared with women losing weight or maintaining a stable weight. These results suggest that weight and dense area are presumably two independent

7 CFR 205.303 - Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Information § 205.303 Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.” (a) Agricultural products... product, the following: (1) The term, “100 percent organic” or “organic,” as applicable, to modify the name of the product; (2) For products labeled “organic,” the percentage of organic ingredients in the...

7 CFR 51.1149 - U.S. No. 2 Russet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... tolerances see § 51.1151. (b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for “U.S. Grade AA... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Russet. 51.1149 Section 51.1149 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

Predictive validity of four bioelectrical impedance equations in determining percent fat mass in overweight and obese children.

PubMed

Cleary, Jane; Daniells, Suzie; Okely, Anthony D; Batterham, Marijka; Nicholls, Jessie

2008-01-01

Bioelectrical impedance equations are frequently used by food and nutrition professionals to estimate percent fat mass in overweight and obese children. However, it is not known whether they are accurate for such children, as they have been primarily developed for children of varying body weights. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the predictive validity of four previously published prediction equations developed for the pediatric population, among a sample of overweight and obese children. Thirty overweight or obese children (mean age=7.57+/-1.28 years) underwent measurement of fat mass, percent fat mass, and fat-free mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Impedance values from the BIA were entered into the four prediction equations and Pearson correlations used to determine the significance of associations between each of the BIA prediction equations and DEXA for percent fat mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass. For percent fat mass, paired t tests were used to assess differences between the methods and the technique of Bland and Altman was used to determine bias and error. Results showed that the mean percent fat mass as determined by DEXA for this age group was 40.79%. In comparison with other BIA prediction equations, the Schaefer equation had the closest mean value of 41.98%, and was the only equation not to significantly differ from the DEXA (P=0.121). This study suggests that the Schaefer equation is the only accurate BIA prediction equation for assessing percent fat mass in this sample of overweight and obese children from primarily white backgrounds.

7 CFR 51.1404 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the grade other than for skin color. (3) For loose extraneous or foreign material, by weight. (i) 0.5... requirements for the grade or any specified color classification, including therein not more than 7 percent for... meet the color requirements for the grade or for any specified color classification, but which are not...

Weight and its relationship to adolescent perceptions of their providers (WRAP): a qualitative and quantitative assessment of teen weight-related preferences and concerns.

PubMed

Cohen, Marc L; Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian; Young-Hyman, Deborah; Yanovski, Jack A

2005-08-01

To examine the relationship of body weight to satisfaction with care in adolescents, and to obtain qualitative data on preferences for general and weight-related medical care in normal weight and overweight adolescents. The Weight and its Relationship to Adolescent Perceptions of their Providers survey, a 4-page questionnaire containing previously validated satisfaction scales and open-ended qualitative questions regarding health care preferences, was administered to 62 severely overweight (body mass index [BMI] 38.9 +/- 8.4 kg/m2) and 29 normal weight (BMI 22.5 +/- 4.0 kg/m2) adolescents (age 13.9 +/- 1.7 years; 57% female; 50% Caucasian, 47% African-American, 3% Hispanic). The affective subscale of the medical satisfaction scale was negatively correlated with BMI standard deviation score (r = -.22, p < .05). Multiple regression models predicting affective satisfaction with medical care included BMI standard deviation score; however, continuity with provider appeared to be the strongest independent predictor of affective satisfaction. Fifty-five percent of participants identified their mother as the person they felt most comfortable talking with about weight, although 68% believed their provider knew the most about healthy eating. "Overweight" was identified by 47% of participants as the preferred term for heavy teens. Seventy-nine percent of overweight adolescents stated their health care provider discussed their weight with them; however, only 41% of overweight adolescents desired to discuss their weight. Compared to normal-weight adolescents, overweight teens were more likely to report that their provider raised topics of weight (p < .001), diet (p < .01), and exercise (p < .01) at their last physical, and were more likely to report that they would have liked their provider to discuss diet and exercise (both p < .05). Ten percent of overweight teens expressed concerns regarding the public location of their provider's office scale. Satisfaction with affective

Concordance of obesity classification between body mass index and percent body fat among school children in Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

Al-Mohaimeed, Abdulrahman; Ahmed, Saifuddin; Dandash, Khadiga; Ismail, Mohammed Saleh; Saquib, Nazmus

2015-03-05

In Saudi Arabia, where childhood obesity is a major public health issue, it is important to identify the best tool for obesity classification. Hence, we compared two field methods for their usefulness in epidemiological studies. The sample consisted of 874 primary school (grade I-IV) children, aged 6-10 years, and was obtained through a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Weight and height were measured, and BMI (kg/m(2)) was calculated. Percent body fat was determined with a Futrex analyzer that uses near infrared reactance (NIR) technology. Method specific cut-off values were used for obesity classification. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined for BMI, and the agreement between BMI and percent body fat was calculated. Compared to boys, the mean BMI was higher in girls whereas the mean percent body fat was lower (p-values < 0.0001). According to BMI, the prevalence of overweight or obesity was significantly higher in girls (34.3% vs. 17.3%); as oppose to percent body fat, which was similar between the sexes (6.6% vs. 7.0%). The sensitivity of BMI to classify overweight or obesity was high (boys = 93%, girls = 100%); and its false-positive detection rate was also high (boys = 63%, girls = 81%). The agreement rate was low between these two methods (boys = 0.48, girls =0.24). There is poor agreement in obesity classification between BMI and percent body fat, using NIR method, among Saudi school children.

7 CFR 51.1586 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of more than 10 percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. Any... percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. (b) Shriveling, when the... percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. (e) Wireworm, grass root...

7 CFR 51.1586 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of more than 10 percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. Any... percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. (b) Shriveling, when the... percent of the total weight of the potato including peel covering defective area. (e) Wireworm, grass root...

7 CFR 51.2559 - Size classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Size classifications. 51.2559 Section 51.2559... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pistachio Nuts § 51.2559 Size classifications. (a... the following size classifications. (1) Jumbo Whole Kernels: 80 percent or more by weight shall be...

7 CFR 51.2559 - Size classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Size classifications. 51.2559 Section 51.2559... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pistachio Nuts § 51.2559 Size classifications. (a... the following size classifications. (1) Jumbo Whole Kernels: 80 percent or more by weight shall be...

Thermophysical properties of heat-treated U-7Mo/Al dispersion fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cho, Tae Won; Kim, Yeon Soo; Park, Jong Man

In this study, the effects of interaction layer (IL) on thermophysical properties of U-7Mo/Al dispersion fuel were examined. Microstructural analyses revealed that ILs were formed uniformly on U-Mo particles during heating of U-7Mo/Al samples. The IL volume fraction was measured by applying image analysis methods. The uranium loadings of the samples were calculated based on the measured meat densities at 298 K. The density of the IL was estimated by using the measured density and IL volume fraction. Thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of the samples after the heat treatment were measured as a function of temperature and volume fractionsmore » of U-Mo and IL. The thermal conductivity of IL-formed U-7Mo/Al was derived by using the measured thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and density. The thermal conductivity obtained in the present study was lower than that predicted by the modified Hashin–Shtrikman model due to the theoretical model’s inability to consider the thermal resistance at interfaces between the meat constituents.« less

Thermophysical properties of heat-treated U-7Mo/Al dispersion fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Tae Won; Kim, Yeon Soo; Park, Jong Man; Lee, Kyu Hong; Kim, Sunghwan; Lee, Chong Tak; Yang, Jae Ho; Oh, Jang Soo; Sohn, Dong-Seong

2018-04-01

In this study, the effects of interaction layer (IL) on thermophysical properties of U-7Mo/Al dispersion fuel were examined. Microstructural analyses revealed that ILs were formed uniformly on U-Mo particles during heating of U-7Mo/Al samples. The IL volume fraction was measured by applying image analysis methods. The uranium loadings of the samples were calculated based on the measured meat densities at 298 K. The density of the IL was estimated by using the measured density and IL volume fraction. Thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of the samples after the heat treatment were measured as a function of temperature and volume fractions of U-Mo and IL. The thermal conductivity of IL-formed U-7Mo/Al was derived by using the measured thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and density. The thermal conductivity obtained in the present study was lower than that predicted by the modified Hashin-Shtrikman model due to the theoretical model's inability to consider the thermal resistance at interfaces between the meat constituents.

A comparison of methods for organ-weight data adjustment in chicks.

PubMed

Brown, D R; Southern, L L; Baker, D H

1985-02-01

An experiment was conducted with 168 Arbor Acre X Peterson unsexed, crossbred broiler chicks to compare methods of expressing organ-weight data and to assess changes in organ weights and physiological parameters as body weight (97 to 791 g) and age (5 to 26 days) increased. Actual wet weight of liver, heart, intestine, spleen, and pancreas and percent bone ash increased (P less than .01) as age and body weight increased. Tibia length-to-width ratio decreased (P less than .01) as age and body weight increased. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma protein were not affected (P greater than .1) by age or by body weight. Liver, heart, and intestinal weight decreased (P less than .01) and spleen weight increased (P less than .01) as body weight and age increased when these tissue weights were expressed as percent of body weight. Liver weight adjusted for body weight by covariance analysis, however, remained constant; adjusted heart and intestinal weights decreased (P less than .01), and adjusted spleen weights increased (P less than .01) with increasing age and body weight. The covariate, body weight, was not significant (P greater than .1) for pancreas weight, tibia length-to-width ratio, and percent bone ash. Except for spleen, adjustment by covariance analysis more effectively reduced variation due to body weight than did expression as percent of body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characterizing the Mental Health Care of U.S. Cambodian Refugees.

PubMed

Wong, Eunice C; Marshall, Grant N; Schell, Terry L; Berthold, S Megan; Hambarsoomians, Katrin

2015-09-01

This study examined U.S. Cambodian refugees' utilization of mental health services across provider types, levels of minimally adequate care, and mode of communication with providers. Face-to-face household interviews about mental health service use in the past 12 months were conducted as part of a study of a probability sample of Cambodian refugees. The analytic sample was restricted to the 227 respondents who met past 12-month criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive disorder or both. Analyses were weighted to account for complex sampling design effects and for attrition. Fifty-two percent of Cambodian refugees who met diagnostic criteria obtained mental health services in the past 12 months. Of those who obtained care, 75% visited a psychiatrist and 56% a general medical provider. Only 7% had obtained care from other mental health specialty providers. Virtually all respondents who had seen a psychiatrist (100%) or a general medical doctor (97%) had been prescribed a psychotropic medication. Forty-five percent had received minimally adequate care. Most relied on interpreters to communicate with providers. Cambodian refugees' rates of mental health service utilization and minimally adequate care were comparable to those of individuals in the general U.S. Cambodian refugees obtained care almost entirely from psychiatrists and general medical doctors, and nearly all were receiving pharmacotherapy; these findings differ from rates seen in a nationally representative sample. Given this pattern of utilization, and the persistently high levels of PTSD and depression found among Cambodian refugees, treatment improvements may require identification of creative approaches to delivering more evidence-based psychotherapy.

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet, must be packed in wooden boxes (4C1, 4C2, 4D, or 4F) or fiber drums (1G) with inner glass...

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet, must be packed in wooden boxes (4C1, 4C2, 4D, or 4F) or fiber drums (1G) with inner glass...

7 CFR 51.1236 - U.S. Fancy Hand Picked.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Fancy Hand Picked. 51.1236 Section 51.1236.... Fancy Hand Picked. U.S. Fancy Hand Picked shall consist of cleaned Virginia type peanuts in the shell... not average more than 225 count per pound. (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper...

7 CFR 51.1235 - U.S. Jumbo Hand Picked.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Jumbo Hand Picked. 51.1235 Section 51.1235.... Jumbo Hand Picked. U.S. Jumbo Hand Picked shall consist of cleaned Virginia type peanuts in the shell... not average more than 176 count per pound. (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper...

New Twists Mark the Debate over Texas' Top 10-Percent Plan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Peter

2008-01-01

Born out of one legal battle over affirmative action, the Texas college-admissions policy known as the "top 10 percent plan" is now at the center of another. The University of Texas at Austin is being challenged in U.S. District Court over its 2004 decision to return to using race-conscious admissions criteria after years without them.…

Percent Emphysema and Daily Motor Activity Levels in the General Population: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

PubMed

Lo Cascio, Christian M; Quante, Mirja; Hoffman, Eric A; Bertoni, Alain G; Aaron, Carrie P; Schwartz, Joseph E; Avdalovic, Mark V; Fan, Vincent S; Lovasi, Gina S; Kawut, Steven M; Austin, John H M; Redline, Susan; Barr, R Graham

2017-05-01

COPD is associated with reduced physical capacity. However, it is unclear whether pulmonary emphysema, which can occur without COPD, is associated with reduced physical activity in daily life, particularly among people without COPD and never smokers. We hypothesized that greater percentage of emphysema-like lung on CT scan is associated with reduced physical activity assessed by actigraphy and self-report. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) enrolled participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease from the general population. Percent emphysema was defined as percentage of voxels < -950 Hounsfield units on full-lung CT scans. Physical activity was measured by wrist actigraphy over 7 days and a questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, weight, education, smoking, pack-years, and lung function. Among 1,435 participants with actigraphy and lung measures, 47% had never smoked, and 8% had COPD. Percent emphysema was associated with lower activity levels on actigraphy (P = .001), corresponding to 1.5 hour less per week of moderately paced walking for the average participant in quintile 2 vs 4 of percent emphysema. This association was significant among participants without COPD (P = .004) and among ever (P = .01) and never smokers (P = .03). It was also independent of coronary artery calcium and left ventricular ejection fraction. There was no evidence that percent emphysema was associated with self-reported activity levels. Percent emphysema was associated with decreased physical activity in daily life objectively assessed by actigraphy in the general population, among participants without COPD, and nonsmokers. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bodybuilding, energy, and weight-loss supplements are associated with deployment and physical activity in U.S. military personnel.

PubMed

Jacobson, Isabel G; Horton, Jaime L; Smith, Besa; Wells, Timothy S; Boyko, Edward J; Lieberman, Harris R; Ryan, Margaret A K; Smith, Tyler C

2012-05-01

The characteristics of U.S. military personnel who use dietary supplements have not been well described. This study aimed to determine whether deployment experience and physical activity were associated with the use of bodybuilding, energy, or weight-loss supplement among U.S. military personnel. Self-reported data from active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard participants of the Millennium Cohort Study collected from 2007-2008 (n = 106,698) on supplement use, physical activity, and other behavioral data were linked with deployment and demographic data. We used multivariable logistic regression sex-stratified models to compare the adjusted odds of each type of supplement use among those with deployment experience in support of operations in Iraq or Afghanistan and those engaged in aerobic or strength-training activities. Overall, 46.7% of participants reported using at least one type of supplement, and 22.0% reported using multiple supplements. Male deployers were more likely to use bodybuilding supplements, whereas female deployers were more likely to use weight-loss supplements. Physically active and younger subjects reported all types of supplement use. Men and women reporting 5 or less hours of sleep per night were more likely to use energy supplements. The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 981.401 - Adjusted kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... based on the analysis of a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000 pounds with less than 95 percent kernels, and a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000... percent kernels containing the following: Edible kernels, 530 grams; inedible kernels, 120 grams; foreign...

7 CFR 981.401 - Adjusted kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... based on the analysis of a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000 pounds with less than 95 percent kernels, and a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000... percent kernels containing the following: Edible kernels, 530 grams; inedible kernels, 120 grams; foreign...

7 CFR 981.401 - Adjusted kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... based on the analysis of a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000 pounds with less than 95 percent kernels, and a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000... percent kernels containing the following: Edible kernels, 530 grams; inedible kernels, 120 grams; foreign...

7 CFR 981.401 - Adjusted kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... based on the analysis of a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000 pounds with less than 95 percent kernels, and a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000... percent kernels containing the following: Edible kernels, 530 grams; inedible kernels, 120 grams; foreign...

7 CFR 981.401 - Adjusted kernel weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... based on the analysis of a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000 pounds with less than 95 percent kernels, and a 1,000 gram sample taken from a lot of almonds weighing 10,000... percent kernels containing the following: Edible kernels, 530 grams; inedible kernels, 120 grams; foreign...

Immunostimulative Activity of Low Molecular Weight Chitosans in RAW264.7 Macrophages

PubMed Central

Wu, Ning; Wen, Zheng-Shun; Xiang, Xing-Wei; Huang, Yan-Na; Gao, Yang; Qu, You-Le

2015-01-01

Chitosan and its derivatives such as low molecular weight chitosans (LMWCs) have been reported to exert many biological activities, such as antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, complex and molecular weight dependent effects of chitosan remain controversial and the mechanisms that mediate these complex effects are still poorly defined. This study was carried out to investigate the immunostimulative effect of different molecular weight chitosan in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our data suggested that two LMWCs (molecular weight of 3 kDa and 50 kDa) both possessed immunostimulative activity, which was dependent on dose and, at the higher doses, also on the molecular weight. LMWCs could significantly enhance the the pinocytic activity, and induce the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a molecular weight and concentration-dependent manner. LMWCs were further showed to promote the expression of the genes including iNOS, TNF-α. Taken together, our findings suggested that LMWCs elicited significantly immunomodulatory response through up-regulating mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activated RAW264.7 macrophage in a molecular weight- and concentration-dependent manner. PMID:26437419

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults.

PubMed

Lipsky, L M; Nansel, T R; Haynie, D L; Liu, D; Eisenberg, M H; Simons-Morton, B

2016-10-01

Food reward sensitivity may influence susceptibility to overeating in a permissive food environment, contributing to unintended weight gain and intentional weight loss behavior. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity, assessed by the Power of Food Scale (PFS), with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults. Wave 5 (W5, 5th year of follow-up) respondents from the NEXT Generation Health Study were included (N = 2202, W5 age = 20.3 ± 0.02 years). Baseline and W5 BMI, W5 weight status (normal weight = 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, overweight = 25 ≤ BMI < 30, obese = BMI ≥ 30), BMI change (W5-baseline BMI) and onset of overweight or obesity (OWOB) were calculated from self-reported height and weight. PFS (aggregate and 3 domain scores: food available, present, and tasted) and dieting for weight-loss were assessed at W5. Adjusted linear regressions estimated associations of PFS with W5 BMI and BMI change. Log-binomial regressions estimated associations of high W5 BMI (≥25), OWOB onset and dieting with PFS. Post hoc analyses estimated associations of PFS with W5 perceived weight status (overweight vs. about right or underweight). W5 BMI = 25.73 ± 0.32 kg/m(2), and OWOB onset occurred in 27.7% of participants. The PFS-food available score was associated with BMI change, β ± SE = 0.41 ± 0.19. Other PFS scores were not associated with weight outcomes. Dieting prevalence was higher in participants with high versus low W5 BMI (61% versus 32%), and was positively associated with all PFS scores except the PFS-food tasted score, e.g., relative risk (RR) of dieting for PFS-aggregate = 1.13, 95%CI [1.01-1.26]. Post-hoc analyses indicated perceived overweight was positively associated with PFS-food available, 1.12, [1.01-1.24], and PFS-food present, 1.13, [1.03-1.24]. PFS was positively related to dieting and perceived overweight, but not concurrent or change in weight status in a

Method‐of‐use study of naltrexone sustained release (SR)/bupropion SR on body weight in individuals with obesity

PubMed Central

Shan, Kevin; Walsh, Brandon; Gilder, Kye; Fujioka, Ken

2016-01-01

Objective This study assessed the effects of 32 mg naltrexone sustained release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR (NB) on body weight in adults with obesity, with comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI), for 78 weeks. Methods In this phase 3b, randomized, open‐label, controlled study, subjects received NB + CLI or usual care (standard diet/exercise advice) for 26 weeks. NB subjects not achieving 5% weight loss at week 16 were discontinued, as indicated by product labeling. After week 26, usual care subjects began NB + CLI. Assessments continued through week 78. The primary end point was percent change in weight from baseline to week 26 in the per protocol population. Other end points included percentage of subjects achieving ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥15% weight loss, percent change in weight at week 78, and adverse events (AEs) necessitating study medication discontinuation. Results NB + CLI subjects lost significantly more weight than usual care subjects at week 26 (8.52% difference; P < 0.0001). Weight loss persisted through 78 weeks. In total, 20.7% of subjects discontinued medication for AEs, including 7.0% for nausea. Conclusions Treatment with NB, used as indicated by prescribing information and with CLI, significantly improved weight loss over usual care alone. NB‐facilitated weight loss was sustained for 78 weeks and was deemed safe and well tolerated. PMID:28026920

TEM Characterization of High Burn-up Microstructure of U-7Mo Alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jian Gan; Brandon Miller; Dennis Keiser

2014-04-01

As an essential part of global nuclear non-proliferation effort, the RERTR program is developing low enriched U-Mo fuels (< 20% U-235) for use in research and test reactors that currently employ highly enriched uranium fuels. One type of fuel being developed is a dispersion fuel plate comprised of U-7Mo particles dispersed in Al alloy matrix. Recent TEM characterizations of the ATR irradiated U-7Mo dispersion fuel plates include the samples with a local fission densities of 4.5, 5.2, 5.6 and 6.3 E+21 fissions/cm3 and irradiation temperatures of 101-136?C. The development of the irradiated microstructure of the U-7Mo fuel particles consists ofmore » fission gas bubble superlattice, large gas bubbles, solid fission product precipitates and their association to the large gas bubbles, grain subdivision to tens or hundreds of nanometer size, collapse of bubble superlattice, and amorphisation. This presentation will describe the observed microstructures specifically focusing on the U-7Mo fuel particles. The impact of the observed microstructure on the fuel performance and the comparison of the relevant features with that of the high burn-up UO2 fuels will be discussed.« less

Weight regain is related to decreases in physical activity during weight loss.

PubMed

Wang, Xuewen; Lyles, Mary F; You, Tongjian; Berry, Michael J; Rejeski, W Jack; Nicklas, Barbara J

2008-10-01

To examine whether adaptations in physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) during weight loss were associated with future weight regain in overweight/obese, older women. Thirty-four overweight/obese (BMI = 25-40 kg x m(-2)), postmenopausal women underwent a 20-wk weight loss intervention of hypocaloric diet with (low- or high-intensity) or without treadmill walking (weekly caloric deficit was approximately 11,760 kJ), with a subsequent 12-month follow-up. RMR (via indirect calorimetry), PAEE (by RT3 accelerometer), and body composition (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured before and after intervention. Body weight and self-reported information on physical activity were collected after intervention and at 6 and 12 months after intervention. The intervention resulted in decreases in body weight, lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, RMR, and PAEE (P < 0.001 for all). Weight regain was 2.9 +/- 3.3 kg (-3.1 to +9.2 kg) at 6 months and 5.2 +/- 5.0 kg (-2.3 to +21.7 kg) at 12 months after intervention. The amount of weight regained after 6 and 12 months was inversely associated with decreases in PAEE during the weight loss intervention (r = -0.521, P = 0.002 and r = -0.404, P = 0.018, respectively), such that women with larger declines in PAEE during weight loss experienced greater weight regain during follow-up. Weight regain was not associated with changes in RMR during intervention or with self-reported physical activity during follow-up. This study demonstrates that although both RMR and PAEE decreased during weight loss in postmenopausal women, maintaining high levels of daily physical activity during weight loss may be important to mitigate weight regain after weight loss.

Self-monitoring and eating-related behaviors are associated with 12-month weight loss in postmenopausal overweight-to-obese women.

PubMed

Kong, Angela; Beresford, Shirley A A; Alfano, Catherine M; Foster-Schubert, Karen E; Neuhouser, Marian L; Johnson, Donna B; Duggan, Catherine; Wang, Ching-Yun; Xiao, Liren; Jeffery, Robert W; Bain, Carolyn E; McTiernan, Anne

2012-09-01

Lifestyle-based interventions, which typically promote various behavior modification strategies, can serve as a setting for evaluating specific behaviors and strategies thought to promote or hinder weight loss. The aim of our study was to test the associations of self-monitoring (ie, self-weighing and food journal completion) and eating-related (ie, dietary intake, diet-related weight-control strategies, and meal patterns) behaviors with weight loss in a sample of postmenopausal overweight-to-obese women enrolled in a 12-month dietary weight loss intervention. Changes in body weight and adoption of self-monitoring and eating-related behaviors were assessed in 123 participants. Generalized linear models tested associations of these behaviors with 12-month weight change after adjusting for potential confounders. Mean percent weight loss was 10.7%. In the final model, completing more food journals was associated with a greater percent weight loss (interquartile range 3.7% greater weight loss; P<0.0001), whereas skipping meals (4.3% lower weight loss; P<0.05) and eating out for lunch (at least once a week, 2.5% lower weight loss; P<0.01) were associated with a lower amount of weight loss. These findings suggest that a greater focus on dietary self-monitoring, home-prepared meals, and consuming meals at regular intervals may improve 12-month weight loss among postmenopausal women enrolled in a dietary weight loss intervention. Copyright © 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Iron Supplements Reduce Behavior Problems in Low Birth Weight Infants

MedlinePlus

... low birth weight groups and the normal-weight control group. However, for behavioral problems, there was a significant ... percent of the 2-mg group. In the control group, 3.2 percent of children showed signs of ...

Phase development in a U-7 wt.% Mo vs. Al-7 wt.% Ge diffusion couple

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez, E.; Keiser, D. D.; Sohn, Y. H.

2013-10-01

Fuel development for the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program has demonstrated that U-Mo alloys in contact with Al develop interaction regions with phases that have poor irradiation behavior. The addition of Si to the Al has been considered with positive results. In this study, compositional modification is considered by replacing Si with Ge to determine the effect on the phase development in the system. The microstructural and phase development of a diffusion couple of U-7 wt.% Mo in contact with Al-7 wt.% Ge was examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The interdiffusion zone developed a microstructure that included the cubic-UGe3 phase and amorphous phases. The UGe3 phase was observed with and without Mo and Al solid solution developing a (U,Mo)(Al,Ge)3 phase.

Density functional theory calculations of UO2 oxidation: evolution of UO(2+x), U4O(9-y), U3O7, and U3O8.

PubMed

Andersson, D A; Baldinozzi, G; Desgranges, L; Conradson, D R; Conradson, S D

2013-03-04

Formation of hyperstoichiometric uranium dioxide, UO2+x, derived from the fluorite structure was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Oxidation was modeled by adding oxygen atoms to UO2 fluorite supercells. For each compound ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were performed to allow the ions to optimize their local geometry. A similar approach was used for studying the reduction of U3O8. In agreement with the experimental phase diagram we identify stable line compounds at the U4O9-y and U3O7 stoichiometries. Although the transition from fluorite to the layered U3O8 structure occurs at U3O7 (UO2.333) or U3O7.333 (UO2.444), our calculated low temperature phase diagram indicates that the fluorite derived compounds are favored up to UO2.5, that is, as long as the charge-compensation for adding oxygen atoms occurs via formation of U(5+) ions, after which the U3O8-y phase becomes more stable. The most stable fluorite UO2+x phases at low temperature (0 K) are based on ordering of split quad-interstitial oxygen clusters. Most existing crystallographic models of U4O9 and U3O7, however, apply the cuboctahedral cluster. To better understand these discrepancies, the new structural models are analyzed in terms of existing neutron diffraction data. DFT calculations were also performed on the experimental cuboctahedral based U4O9-y structure, which enable comparisons between the properties of this phase with the quad-interstitial ones in detail.

U.S. Virgin Islands’ Forests, 2009

Treesearch

Thomas J. Brandeis; Jeffery A. Turner

2013-01-01

Forest area on the U.S. Virgin Islands held steady, or decreased slightly, from 2004 (46,564 acres) to 2009 (45,163 acres). There were 26,179 acres of forest on St. Croix (49.6 percent forested), 10,343 acres of forest on St. John (85.5 percent forested) and 8,641 acres of forest on St. Thomas (50.1 percent forested). We estimate there to be 85.1 million trees in the U...

Coral Diseases Following Massive Bleaching in 2005 Cause 60 Percent Decline in Coral Cover and Mortality of the Threatened Species, Acropora Palmata, on Reefs in the U.S. Virgin Islands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rogers, Caroline S.

2008-01-01

Record-high seawater temperatures and calm seas in the summer of 2005 led to the most severe coral bleaching (greater than 90 percent bleached coral cover) ever observed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) (figs. 1 and 2). All but a few coral species bleached, including the threatened species, Acropora palmata. Bleaching was seen from the surface to depths over 20 meters.

Regional fat placement in physically fit males and changes with weight loss.

PubMed

Nindl, B C; Friedl, K E; Marchitelli, L J; Shippee, R L; Thomas, C D; Patton, J F

1996-07-01

The abdomen is the principal site of fat deposition in men, and because abdominal fat is readily mobilized during exercise, the relative proportion of fat in the abdominal site may negatively correlate with the amount of regular physical activity, and even with physical fitness. This study presents data for regional fatness in 165 fit young men (U.S. Army Ranger candidates; initial body fat = 14.7 +/- 4.7%) assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and for relative changes occurring following a 13% weight loss produced by a 1000 kcal.d-1 energy deficit over 8 wk. Fat-free mass was constant across quintiles of percent body fat; only fat mass was different (16.2 +/- 2.2 kg and 6.0 +/- 1.4 kg at upper and lower quintiles, respectively). Truncal fat accounted for about 41% of total body fat in all quintiles; only the proportion of fat distributed to the arms was significantly higher in the fattest quintiles of men. Among a group of less intensely trained soldiers with the same average fatness as the highest quintile of Ranger students (20%), relative fat distribution to the trunk approached 50% of the total fat. Following weight loss, Ranger students lost half of the fat in all regions assessed (legs, arms, and trunk). The only significant association between regional losses and initial fatness was a greater proportion of fat lost from the arms in the fattest Rangers. These data suggest a "fit fat" distribution in active young men in which fat remains in the arms and legs until extreme weight loss occurs and the metabolically more active abdominal fat approaches depletion.

EnviroAtlas Estimated Percent Tree Cover Along Walkable Roads Web Service

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This EnviroAtlas dataset estimates tree cover along walkable roads. The road width is estimated for each road and percent tree cover is calculated in a 8.5 meter strip beginning at the estimated road edge. Percent tree cover is calculated for each block between road intersections. Tree cover provides valuable benefits to neighborhood residents and walkers by providing shade, improved aesthetics, and outdoor gathering spaces. For specific information about each community's Estimated Percent Tree Cover Along Walkable Roads layer, consult their individual metadata records: Austin, TX (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B4876FD99-C14A-464A-9E31-5CB5F2225687%7D); Cleveland, OH (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B28e3f937-6f22-45c5-98cf-1707b0fc92df%7D); Des Moines, IA (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B09FE7D60-B636-405C-BB07-68147DFE8CAF%7D); Durham, NC (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BF341A26B-4972-4C6B-B675-9B5E02F4F25F%7D); Fresno, CA (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BB71334B9-C53A-4674-A739-1031969E5163%7D); Green Bay, WI (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BB9AFEBED-9C29-4DB0-8B54-0CAF58BE5A2D%7D); Memphis, TN (https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7BBE552E7A-A789-4AA9-ADF9-234109C6517E%7D); Mi

Meal replacement reduces insulin requirement, HbA1c and weight long-term in type 2 diabetes patients with >100 U insulin per day.

PubMed

Kempf, K; Schloot, N C; Gärtner, B; Keil, R; Schadewaldt, P; Martin, S

2014-04-01

Despite high insulin doses, good glycaemic control is often lacking in type 2 diabetes patients and new therapeutic options are needed. In a proof of principle study, an energy-restricted, protein-rich meal replacement (PRMR) was examined as a means of reducing insulin requirement, HbA1C and body weight. Obese type 2 diabetes patients (n = 22) with >100 U insulin per day replaced, in week 1, the three main meals with 50 g of PRMR (Almased-Vitalkost) each (= 4903 kJ day(-1) ). In weeks 2-4, breakfast and dinner were replaced, and, in weeks 5-12, only dinner was replaced. Clinical parameters were determined at baseline, and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, as well as after 1.5 years of follow-up. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the intention-to-treat analysis and the Mann-Whitney U-test for subgroup analyses. The 12-week-programme was completed by 15 participants (68%). After 1 week, the mean insulin dose was reduced from 147 (75) U to 91 (55) U day(-1) (P = 0.0001), and to 65 (32) U (P < 0.0001) after 12 weeks of study. Over a period of 12 weeks, HbA1c decreased from 8.8% (1.4%) to 8.1% (1.6%) (P = 0.048) and weight decreased from 118.0 (19.7) kg to 107.4 (19.2) kg (P < 0.0001). Moreover, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol improved significantly. After 1.5 years, insulin requirement and weight remained significantly lower than baseline. Participants who continued PRMR further reduced their HbA1c, weight and insulin dose. Two patients were able to stop insulin therapy altogether. Energy-restricted PRMR was effective in reducing insulin requirement of type 2 diabetes patients with intensified insulin therapy accompanied by a reduction of HbA1c, weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors. With the continuous use of PRMR, glycaemic control might be improved in the long term. © 2013 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

Processing of U-2.5Zr-7.5Nb and U-3Zr-9Nb alloys by sintering process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dos Santos, A. M. M.; Ferraz, W. B.; Lameiras, F. S.

2012-07-01

To minimize the risk of nuclear proliferation, there is worldwide interest in reducing fuel enrichment of research and test reactors. To achieve this objective while still guaranteeing criticality and cycle length requirements, there is need of developing high density uranium metallic fuels. Alloying elements such as Zr, Nb and Mo are added to uranium to improve fuel performance in reactors. In this context, the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) is developing the U-2.5Zr-7.5Nb and U-3Zr-9Nb (weight %) alloys by the innovative process of sintering that utilizes raw materials in the form of powders. The powders were pressed atmore » 400 MPa and then sintered under a vacuum of about 1x10{sup -4} Torr at temperatures ranging from 1050 deg. to 1500 deg.C. The densities of the alloys were measured geometrically and by hydrostatic method and the phases identified by X ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the pellets were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the alloying elements were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results obtained showed the fuel density to slightly increase with the sintering temperature. The highest density achieved was approximately 80% of theoretical density. It was observed in the pellets a superficial oxide layer formed during the sintering process. (authors)« less

7 CFR 983.6 - Assessed weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., ARIZONA, AND NEW MEXICO Definitions § 983.6 Assessed weight. Assessed weight means pounds of inshell... inshell weight; Provided further, That the assessed weight may be based upon quality requirements for...

Dietary self-monitoring and its impact on weight loss in overweight children

PubMed Central

Mockus, Danyte S.; Macera, Caroline A.; Wingard, Deborah L.; Peddecord, Michael; Thomas, Ronald G.; Wilfley, Denise E.

2013-01-01

Objective To examine whether dietary self-monitoring is related to weight loss in overweight children and whether perceived social support or dietary self-efficacy affects this relation. Design Longitudinal, behavioral intervention study. Subjects The study population included 153 children, aged 7–12 years, with daily food records from a 20-week weight loss program in San Diego, California, USA, conducted between 1999 and 2002. Methods Self-monitoring was assessed using two methods: a weekly index as a measure of competency (possible range −7 to +35) and recording sufficiency for total compliance (percentage of days). Results Significantly greater decreases in percentage overweight were found for children with recording competency at or above the median (mean change: −13.4% vs. −8.6%; p < 0.001) or who were compliant in recording ≥50% of the days (mean change: −13.0% vs. −8.4%; p < 0.001). Using hierarchical linear regression, children who had a higher average weekly monitoring index or recorded sufficiently on more days had significantly greater decreases in percent overweight, after adjusting for age, sex, SES, race/ethnicity and baseline percent overweight (p < 0.001). Perceived social support at baseline and dietary self-efficacy were not related to self-monitoring or change in percent overweight in this sample. Conclusion As has been demonstrated with adults and adolescents, self-monitoring in children was associated with greater decreases in percent overweight. However, dietary self-efficacy and perceived social support were not related to how frequently or thoroughly they monitored dietary intake. PMID:21722068

Selected fretting-wear-resistant coatings for titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bill, R. C.

1976-01-01

A titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was subjected to fretting-wear exposures against uncoated Ti-6Al-4V as a baseline and against various coatings and surface treatments applied to Ti-6Al-4V. The coatings evaluated included plasma-sprayed tungsten carbide with 12 percent cobalt, aluminum oxide with 13 percent titanium oxide, chromium oxide, and aluminum bronze with 10 percent aromatic polyester; polymer-bonded polyimide, polyimide with graphite fluoride, polyimide with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and methyl phenyl silicone bonded MoS2, preoxidation surface treatment, a nitride surface treatment, and a sputtered MoS2 coating. Results of wear measurements on both the coated and uncoated surfaces after 300,000 fretting cycles indicated that the polyimide coating was the most wear resistant and caused the least wear to the uncoated mating surface.

7 CFR 51.2105 - U.S. Fancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and free from injury caused by chipped and scratched... and metal; (e) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10 percent); and, (f) For other...

7 CFR 51.2105 - U.S. Fancy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and free from injury caused by chipped and scratched... and metal; (e) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10 percent); and, (f) For other...

Weight loss practices of college wrestlers.

PubMed

Oppliger, Robert A; Steen, Suzanne A Nelson; Scott, James R

2003-03-01

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the weight management (WM) behaviors of collegiate wrestlers after the implementation of the NCAA's new weight control rules. In the fall of 1999, a survey was distributed to 47 college wrestling teams stratified by collegiate division (i.e., I, II, III) and competitive quality. Forty-three teams returned surveys for a total of 741 responses. Comparisons were made using the collegiate division, weight class, and the wrestler's competitive winning percentage. The most weight lost during the season was 5.3 kg +/- 2.8 kg (mean +/- SD) or 6.9% +/- 4.7% of the wrestler's weight; weekly weight lost averaged 2.9 kg +/- 1.3 kg or 4.3% +/- 2.3% of the wrestler's weight; post-season, the average wrestler regained 5.5 kg +/- 3.6 kg or 8.6% +/- 5.4% of their weight. Coaches and fellow wrestlers were the primary influence on weight loss methods; however, 40.2% indicated that the new NCAA rules deterred extreme weight loss behaviors. The primary methods of weight loss reported were gradual dieting (79.4%) and increased exercise (75.2%). However, 54.8% fasted, 27.6% used saunas, and 26.7% used rubber/plastic suits at least once a month. Cathartics and vomiting were seldom used to lose weight, and only 5 met three or more of the criteria for bulimia nervosa. WM behaviors were more extreme among freshmen, lighter weight classes, and Division II wrestlers. Compared to previous surveys of high school wrestlers, this cohort of wrestlers reported more extreme WM behaviors. However, compared to college wrestlers in the 1980s, weight loss behaviors were less extreme. The WM practices of college wrestlers appeared to have improved compared to wrestlers sampled previously. Forty percent of the wrestlers were influenced by the new NCAA rules and curbed their weight loss practices. Education is still needed, as some wrestlers are still engaging in dangerous WM methods.

A clinical evaluation of 10 percent vs. 15 percent carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents.

PubMed

Kihn, P W; Barnes, D M; Romberg, E; Peterson, K

2000-10-01

Agents with carbamide peroxide, or CP, in various concentrations are widely prescribed for at-home tooth whitening. It is not clear, however, if the more concentrated gels will whitening teeth to a greater extent, as no controlled clinical trials have been reported. The authors conducted a double-blind study of human subjects to evaluate whether a 15 percent CP tooth-whitening system was more effective than a 10 percent CP system, and to determine if tooth sensitivity increased with use of the higher concentration. The authors recruited 57 subjects with maxillary anterior teeth of shade A3 or darker (as gauged against a value-oriented shade guide). The subjects were 18 to 65 years of age and in good general and dental health. After matching the subjects by sex and age, the authors randomly assigned them to either a control group, which used a 10 percent CP whitening agent, or an experimental group, which used a 15 percent CP agent. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in shade change between the groups after one week of treatment (t = 1.455, P = .05), but there was a significant difference at the end of the treatment period (t = 2.303, P < .05), as well as two weeks after treatment concluded (t = 2.248, P < .05). There was no significant difference in sensitivity (t = 1.399, P > .05). There was a significant difference in color change between the 10 percent CP and 15 percent CP groups at the end of the study period. There was no significant difference in level of tooth sensitivity between the two groups, and the incidence was equal; there was, however, a significant difference in variability of tooth sensitivity between the two groups. If performed under the careful guidance of a dentist, at-home whitening is an effective treatment, regardless of whether 10 percent CP or 15 percent CP is used. There may be added color change and varying sensitivity with the use of 15 percent CP.

Improvement in cyclic oxidation of the nickel-base superalloy B-1900 by addition of one percent silicon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowell, C. E.; Miner, R. V.

1973-01-01

Cast B-1900 with and without 1 weight percent Si was subjected to cyclic oxidation at 1000 and 1100 C in air for 700 and 200 hours, respectively. The results were judged by specific weight change, metallography and X-ray diffraction. Si was found to be of significant value in reducing oxidation attack, probably by increasing scale adherence.

7 CFR 52.1846 - Grades of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of seedless raisins except the Monukka variety, which may contain not more than 19 percent, by weight, of moisture; and that meet the additional...-matured; that contain not more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of seedless...

7 CFR 52.1846 - Grades of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of seedless raisins except the Monukka variety, which may contain not more than 19 percent, by weight, of moisture; and that meet the additional...-matured; that contain not more than 18 percent, by weight, of moisture for all varieties of seedless...

Resolving Confined 7Li Dynamics of Uranyl Peroxide Capsule U 24

DOE PAGES

Xie, Jing; Neal, Harrison A.; Szymanowski, Jennifer; ...

2018-04-18

Here, we obtained a kerosene-soluble form of the lithium salt [UO 2(O 2)(OH) 2] 24 phase (Li-U 24), by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant to aqueous Li-U 24. Interestingly, its variable-temperature solution 7Li NMR spectroscopy resolves two narrowly spaced resonances down to –10 °C, which shift upfield with increasing temperature, and finally coalesce at temperatures > 85 °C. Comparison with solid-state NMR demonstrates that the Li dynamics in the Li-U 24-CTA phase involves only exchange between different local encapsulated environments. This behavior is distinct from the rapid Li exchange dynamics observed between encapsulated and external Li environments for Li-U 24 inmore » both the aqueous and the solid-state phases. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the two experimental 7Li NMR chemical shifts are due to Li cations coordinated within the square and hexagonal faces of the U 24 cage, and they can undergo exchange within the confined environment, as the solution is heated. Very different than U 24 in aqueous media, there is no evidence that the Li cations exit the cage, and therefore, this represents a truly confined space.« less

Resolving Confined 7Li Dynamics of Uranyl Peroxide Capsule U 24

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Jing; Neal, Harrison A.; Szymanowski, Jennifer

Here, we obtained a kerosene-soluble form of the lithium salt [UO 2(O 2)(OH) 2] 24 phase (Li-U 24), by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant to aqueous Li-U 24. Interestingly, its variable-temperature solution 7Li NMR spectroscopy resolves two narrowly spaced resonances down to –10 °C, which shift upfield with increasing temperature, and finally coalesce at temperatures > 85 °C. Comparison with solid-state NMR demonstrates that the Li dynamics in the Li-U 24-CTA phase involves only exchange between different local encapsulated environments. This behavior is distinct from the rapid Li exchange dynamics observed between encapsulated and external Li environments for Li-U 24 inmore » both the aqueous and the solid-state phases. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the two experimental 7Li NMR chemical shifts are due to Li cations coordinated within the square and hexagonal faces of the U 24 cage, and they can undergo exchange within the confined environment, as the solution is heated. Very different than U 24 in aqueous media, there is no evidence that the Li cations exit the cage, and therefore, this represents a truly confined space.« less

Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Weight Change, and Body Composition in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study

PubMed Central

Garin, Margaret C.; Arnold, Alice M.; Lee, Jennifer S.; Tracy, Russell P.

2014-01-01

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in the elderly, yet its relationship with weight and body composition is unclear. Objective: We examined the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and weight change and body composition in older adults. Methods: A total of 427 subclinically hypothyroid and 2864 euthyroid U.S. individuals ≥65 years old enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and not taking thyroid preparations were included. Analyses of 6-year weight change were performed, compared by thyroid status. A cross-sectional analysis of thyroid status and body composition was performed in a subset of 1276 participants who had dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Models were risk factor-adjusted and stratified by sex. Results: Overall, participants lost weight during follow-up (−0.38 kg/y in men, −0.37 kg/y in women). Subclinical hypothyroidism, when assessed at a single time point or persisting over 2 years, was not associated with a difference in weight change compared with euthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was also not associated with differences in lean mass, fat mass, or percent fat compared with euthyroidism. A TSH level 1 mU/L higher within the euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroid range was associated with a 0.51-kg higher baseline weight in women only (P < .001) but not with weight change in either sex. A 1 ng/dL higher free T4 level was associated with lower baseline weight and 0.32 kg/y greater weight loss in women only (P = .003). Baseline weight and weight change did not differ by T3 levels. Conclusions: Our data do not support a clinically significant impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on weight status in the elderly. PMID:24432998

Subclinical hypothyroidism, weight change, and body composition in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

PubMed

Garin, Margaret C; Arnold, Alice M; Lee, Jennifer S; Tracy, Russell P; Cappola, Anne R

2014-04-01

Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in the elderly, yet its relationship with weight and body composition is unclear. We examined the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and weight change and body composition in older adults. A total of 427 subclinically hypothyroid and 2864 euthyroid U.S. individuals ≥65 years old enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and not taking thyroid preparations were included. Analyses of 6-year weight change were performed, compared by thyroid status. A cross-sectional analysis of thyroid status and body composition was performed in a subset of 1276 participants who had dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Models were risk factor-adjusted and stratified by sex. Overall, participants lost weight during follow-up (-0.38 kg/y in men, -0.37 kg/y in women). Subclinical hypothyroidism, when assessed at a single time point or persisting over 2 years, was not associated with a difference in weight change compared with euthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was also not associated with differences in lean mass, fat mass, or percent fat compared with euthyroidism. A TSH level 1 mU/L higher within the euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroid range was associated with a 0.51-kg higher baseline weight in women only (P < .001) but not with weight change in either sex. A 1 ng/dL higher free T4 level was associated with lower baseline weight and 0.32 kg/y greater weight loss in women only (P = .003). Baseline weight and weight change did not differ by T3 levels. Our data do not support a clinically significant impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on weight status in the elderly.

7 CFR 51.3744 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Honey Dew and Honey Ball Type Melons Tolerances § 51.3744 Tolerances. In order to... following tolerances, by count, are provided as specified: (a) U.S. No. 1. 10 percent for melons in any lot... not more than 1 percent for melons affected by decay. (b) U.S. Commercial. 20 percent for melons in...

7 CFR 51.3744 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Standards for Grades of Honey Dew and Honey Ball Type Melons Tolerances § 51.3744 Tolerances. In order to... following tolerances, by count, are provided as specified: (a) U.S. No. 1. 10 percent for melons in any lot... not more than 1 percent for melons affected by decay. (b) U.S. Commercial. 20 percent for melons in...

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch... will pass through round perforations 24/64-inch in diameter, and not less than 70 percent, by weight...

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch... will pass through round perforations 24/64-inch in diameter, and not less than 70 percent, by weight...

Effects of protein intake and gender on body composition changes: a randomized clinical weight loss trial

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Abstract Limited data on sex differences in body composition changes in response to higher protein diets (PRO) compared to higher carbohydrate diets (CARB) suggest that a PRO diet helps preserve lean mass (LM) in women more so than in men. Objective To compare male and female body composition responses to weight loss diets differing in macronutrient content. Design Twelve month randomized clinical trial with 4mo of weight loss and 8mo weight maintenance. Subjects Overweight (N = 130; 58 male (M), 72 female (F); BMI = 32.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2) middle-aged subjects were randomized to energy-restricted (deficit ~500 kcal/d) diets providing protein at 1.6 g.kg-1.d-1 (PRO) or 0.8 g.kg-1.d-1 (CARB). LM and fat mass (FM) were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Body composition outcomes were tested in a repeated measures ANOVA controlling for sex, diet, time and their two- and three-way interactions at 0, 4, 8 and 12mo. Results When expressed as percent change from baseline, males and females lost similar amounts of weight at 12mo (M:-11.2 ± 7.1 %, F:-9.9 ± 6.0 %), as did diet groups (PRO:-10.7 ± 6.8 %, CARB:-10.1 ± 6.2 %), with no interaction of gender and diet. A similar pattern emerged for fat mass and lean mass, however percent body fat was significantly influenced by both gender (M:-18.0 ± 12.8 %, F:-7.3 ± 8.1 %, p < 0.05) and diet (PRO:-14.3 ± 11.8 %, CARB:-9.3 ± 11.1 %, p < 0.05), with no gender-diet interaction. Compared to women, men carried an extra 7.0 ± 0.9 % of their total body fat in the trunk (P < 0.01) at baseline, and reduced trunk fat during weight loss more than women (M:-3.0 ± 0.5 %, F:-1.8 ± 0.3 %, p < 0.05). Conversely, women carried 7.2 ± 0.9 % more total body fat in the legs, but loss of total body fat in legs was similar in men and women. Conclusion PRO was more effective in reducing percent body fat vs. CARB over 12mo weight loss

7 CFR 51.1143 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., (22) Other means. (d) For tolerances see § 51.1151. (e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1. 51.1143 Section 51.1143 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing...

30 CFR 15.32 - Tolerances for weight of explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., wrapper, and specific gravity. 15.32 Section 15.32 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity. (a) The weight of the explosive, the sheath, and the outer.... (c) The specific gravity of the explosive and sheath shall be within ±7.5 percent of that specified...

30 CFR 15.32 - Tolerances for weight of explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., wrapper, and specific gravity. 15.32 Section 15.32 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity. (a) The weight of the explosive, the sheath, and the outer.... (c) The specific gravity of the explosive and sheath shall be within ±7.5 percent of that specified...

30 CFR 15.32 - Tolerances for weight of explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., wrapper, and specific gravity. 15.32 Section 15.32 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity. (a) The weight of the explosive, the sheath, and the outer.... (c) The specific gravity of the explosive and sheath shall be within ±7.5 percent of that specified...

30 CFR 15.32 - Tolerances for weight of explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., wrapper, and specific gravity. 15.32 Section 15.32 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity. (a) The weight of the explosive, the sheath, and the outer.... (c) The specific gravity of the explosive and sheath shall be within ±7.5 percent of that specified...

30 CFR 15.32 - Tolerances for weight of explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., wrapper, and specific gravity. 15.32 Section 15.32 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... explosive, sheath, wrapper, and specific gravity. (a) The weight of the explosive, the sheath, and the outer.... (c) The specific gravity of the explosive and sheath shall be within ±7.5 percent of that specified...

Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies over (USn3+U3Sn7) two-phase region of U-Sn system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manikandan, P.; Trinadh, V. V.; Bera, Suranjan; Narasimhan, T. S. Lakshmi; Ananthasivan, K.; Joseph, M.; Mudali, U. Kamachi

2017-08-01

Vaporisation studies over (USn3+U3Sn7) ;two-phase; field have been carried out by employing Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) in the temperature range of 1050-1226 K. Sn(g) was the species observed in the mass spectrum of the equilibrium vapour phase over the samples (71.5 at% Sn and 73.0 at% Sn). The partial pressure of Sn(g) was measured as a function of temperature over (USn3+U3Sn7) ;two-phase; field and the p-T relation was derived as log (pSn/Pa) = ((-14580 ± 91)/(T/K)) + (8.82 ± 0.08) (1050-1226 K). The vaporisation reaction 3USn3(s) = U3Sn7(s) + 2Sn(g) was evaluated by second law method. The Gibbs energy of formation of USn3(s) was derived as ΔfGm°(U Sn3 , s , T) (±1.8) = -173.4 + 0.055 T (K) (kJ mol-1) (1050-1226 K). The mass spectrometric studies on this system have been carried out for the first time.

12 CFR 324.52 - Simple risk-weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... greater than or equal to −1 (that is, between zero and −1), then E equals the absolute value of RVC. If...) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to a sovereign, the Bank for..., an MDB, and any other entity whose credit exposures receive a zero percent risk weight under § 324.32...

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from u.s. transportation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This report examines the prospects for substantially reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the U.S. transportation sector, which accounts for 27 percent of the GHG emissions of the entire U.S. economy and 30 percent of the world's transpor...

Better load-weight distribution is needed for tandem-axle logging trucks

Treesearch

John E. Baumgras

1976-01-01

To determine the GVW and axle weights of tandem-axle logging trucks hauling into two West Virginia sawmills, 543 truckloads of hardwood sawlogs were weighed. The results showed that less than 2 percent of the truckloads exceeded the 48,000 pound GVW limit. While 58 percent of the truckloads exceeded the 32,000 pound tandem-axle weight limit, the front-axle weights...

Modeling The Skeleton Weight of an Adult Caucasian Man.

PubMed

Avtandilashvili, Maia; Tolmachev, Sergei Y

2018-05-17

The reference value for the skeleton weight of an adult male (10.5 kg) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 70 is based on weights of dissected skeletons from 44 individuals, including two U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries whole-body donors. The International Commission on Radiological Protection analysis of anatomical data from 31 individuals with known values of body height demonstrated significant correlation between skeleton weight and body height. The corresponding regression equation, Wskel (kg) = -10.7 + 0.119 × H (cm), published in International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 70 is typically used to estimate the skeleton weight from body height. Currently, the U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries holds data on individual bone weights from a total of 40 male whole-body donors, which has provided a unique opportunity to update the International Commission on Radiological Protection skeleton weight vs. body height equation. The original International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 70 and the new U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries data were combined in a set of 69 data points representing a group of 33- to 95-y-old individuals with body heights and skeleton weights ranging from 155 to 188 cm and 6.5 to 13.4 kg, respectively. Data were fitted with a linear least-squares regression. A significant correlation between the two parameters was observed (r = 0.28), and an updated skeleton weight vs. body height equation was derived: Wskel (kg) = -6.5 + 0.093 × H (cm). In addition, a correlation of skeleton weight with multiple variables including body height, body weight, and age was evaluated using multiple regression analysis, and a corresponding fit equation was derived: Wskel (kg) = -0.25 + 0.046 × H (cm) + 0.036 × Wbody (kg) - 0.012 × A (y). These equations will be used to estimate skeleton weights and, ultimately, total skeletal actinide activities for

Comparison of Dixon Sequences for Estimation of Percent Breast Fibroglandular Tissue

PubMed Central

Ledger, Araminta E. W.; Scurr, Erica D.; Hughes, Julie; Macdonald, Alison; Wallace, Toni; Thomas, Karen; Wilson, Robin; Leach, Martin O.; Schmidt, Maria A.

2016-01-01

Objectives To evaluate sources of error in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measurement of percent fibroglandular tissue (%FGT) using two-point Dixon sequences for fat-water separation. Methods Ten female volunteers (median age: 31 yrs, range: 23–50 yrs) gave informed consent following Research Ethics Committee approval. Each volunteer was scanned twice following repositioning to enable an estimation of measurement repeatability from high-resolution gradient-echo (GRE) proton-density (PD)-weighted Dixon sequences. Differences in measures of %FGT attributable to resolution, T1 weighting and sequence type were assessed by comparison of this Dixon sequence with low-resolution GRE PD-weighted Dixon data, and against gradient-echo (GRE) or spin-echo (SE) based T1-weighted Dixon datasets, respectively. Results %FGT measurement from high-resolution PD-weighted Dixon sequences had a coefficient of repeatability of ±4.3%. There was no significant difference in %FGT between high-resolution and low-resolution PD-weighted data. Values of %FGT from GRE and SE T1-weighted data were strongly correlated with that derived from PD-weighted data (r = 0.995 and 0.96, respectively). However, both sequences exhibited higher mean %FGT by 2.9% (p < 0.0001) and 12.6% (p < 0.0001), respectively, in comparison with PD-weighted data; the increase in %FGT from the SE T1-weighted sequence was significantly larger at lower breast densities. Conclusion Although measurement of %FGT at low resolution is feasible, T1 weighting and sequence type impact on the accuracy of Dixon-based %FGT measurements; Dixon MRI protocols for %FGT measurement should be carefully considered, particularly for longitudinal or multi-centre studies. PMID:27011312

Analysis of the U.S. geological survey streamgaging network

USGS Publications Warehouse

Scott, A.G.

1987-01-01

This paper summarizes the results from the first 3 years of a 5-year cost-effectiveness study of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network. The objective of the study is to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. In the first step of this study, data uses were identified for 3,493 continuous-record stations currently being operated in 32 States. In the second step, evaluation of alternative methods of providing streamflow information, flow-routing models, and regression models were developed for estimating daily flows at 251 stations of the 3,493 stations analyzed. In the third step of the analysis, relationships were developed between the accuracy of the streamflow records and the operating budget. The weighted standard error for all stations, with current operating procedures, was 19.9 percent. By altering field activities, as determined by the analyses, this could be reduced to 17.8 percent. The existing streamgaging networks in four Districts were further analyzed to determine the impacts that satellite telemetry would have on the cost effectiveness. Satellite telemetry was not found to be cost effective on the basis of hydrologic data collection alone, given present cost of equipment and operation.This paper summarizes the results from the first 3 years of a 5-year cost-effectiveness study of the U. S. Geological Survey streamgaging network. The objective of the study is to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. In the first step of this study, data uses were identified for 3,493 continuous-record stations currently being operated in 32 States. In the second step, evaluation of alternative methods of providing streamflow information, flow-routing models, and regression models were developed for estimating daily flows at 251 stations of the 3, 493 stations analyzed. In the third step of the analysis, relationships were developed between the accuracy of the

37 CFR 7.6 - Schedule of U.S. process fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Schedule of U.S. process fees. 7.6 Section 7.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.6 - Schedule of U.S. process fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Schedule of U.S. process fees. 7.6 Section 7.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.6 - Schedule of U.S. process fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Schedule of U.S. process fees. 7.6 Section 7.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.6 - Schedule of U.S. process fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Schedule of U.S. process fees. 7.6 Section 7.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.6 - Schedule of U.S. process fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Schedule of U.S. process fees. 7.6 Section 7.6 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

Structure and Reactivity of X-ray Amorphous Uranyl Peroxide, U 2O 7

DOE PAGES

Odoh, Samuel O.; Shamblin, Jacob; Colla, Christopher A.; ...

2016-03-14

Recent accidents resulting in worker injury and radioactive contamination occurred due to pressurization of uranium yellowcake drums produced in the western USA. The drums contained an unexpected X-ray amorphous reactive form of uranium oxide, U 2O7. Heating hydrated uranyl peroxides produced during in situ mining unintentionally produced U 2O 7. It is a hygroscopic anhydrous uranyl peroxide that reacts rapidly with water to release O 2 gas and form metaschoepite, a uranyl-oxide hydrate. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the most stable U 2O 7 conformer consists of two bent (UO 2) 2+ uranyl ions bridged by a peroxide group bidentatemore » and parallel to each uranyl ion, and a μ2-O atom, resulting in charge neutrality. A pair distribution function from neutron total scattering supports this structural model. The reactivity of U 2O 7 in water and with water in air is much higher than other uranium oxides, and this can be both hazardous and potentially advantageous in the nuclear fuel cycle.« less

Comparison of Hansen--Roach and ENDF/B-IV cross sections for $sup 233$U criticality calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McNeany, S. R.; Jenkins, J. D.

A comparison is made between criticality calculations performed using ENDF/B-IV cross sections and the 16-group Hansen-- Roach library at ORNL. The area investigated is homogeneous systems of highly enriched $sup 233$U in simple geometries. Calculations are compared with experimental data for a wide range of H/$sup 233$U ratios. Results show that calculations of k/sub eff/ made with the Hansen--Roach cross sections agree within 1.5 percent for the experiments considered. Results using ENDF/B-IV cross sections were in good agreement for well-thermalized systems, but discrepancies up to 7 percent in k/sub eff/ were observed in fast and epithermal systems. (auth)

Glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia, and weight change with insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes: a 12-month comparison by concomitant sulphonylurea and/or glinide use.

PubMed

Terauchi, Yasuo; Riddle, Matthew C; Hirose, Takahisa; Koyama, Masayoshi; Cheng, Xi; Takahashi, Yoshinori; Bolli, Geremia B

2018-06-11

To explore if clinical effects and hypoglycaemia risks associated with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) and 100 U/mL (Gla-100) differed by sulphonylurea and/or glinide (SU/G) treatment. This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of 12-month treatment data from EDITION JP 2 (randomised, open-label, phase 3 study of Japanese people with type 2 diabetes [T2DM] receiving once-daily Gla-300/Gla-100+oral antihyperglycaemic drugs). Participants previously receiving SU/G (+SU/G) were compared with those not taking SU/G (-SU/G). Endpoints included HbA 1c , hypoglycaemia and body weight. For +SU/G (n=152, 63%), HbA 1c was reduced from baseline to month 12 for Gla-300 (8.1 % to 7.6 %) and Gla-100 (8.2 % to 7.8 %). For -SU/G (n=89, 37%), reductions were 7.8 % to 7.4 %, and 7.9 % to 7.5 % for Gla-300 and Gla-100, respectively. A lower annualised rate of hypoglycaemia with Gla-300 versus Gla-100 was observed at night (00:00-05:59 h; p=0.0001) and any time of day (24 h; p=0.0015). Irrespective of the insulin used, the incidence and rate of confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [≤70 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycaemia appeared higher in +SU/G versus -SU/G; overall, a reduced incidence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia, and rate of hypoglycaemia at any time, was observed in -SU/G versus +SU/G. In the -SU/G subgroup, weight gain differences were observed between Gla-300 and Gla-100 (p<0.0001). Participants with prior and continued SU/G use had similar therapeutic responses with basal insulin but greater risk of hypoglycaemia than those not using SU/G; hypoglycaemia risk was lower with Gla-300 than Gla-100 in both subgroups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

TEM characterization of irradiated U-7Mo/Mg dispersion fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gan, J.; Keiser, D. D.; Miller, B. D.

This paper presents the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization on neutron-irradiated samples taken from the low-flux and high-flux sides of the same fuel plate with U-7Mo fuel particles dispersed in Mg matrix with aluminum alloy Al6061 as cladding material that was irradiated edge-on to the core in the Advanced Test Reactor. The corresponding local fission density and fission rate of the fuel particles and the average fuel-plate centerline temperature for the low-flux and high-flux samples are estimated to be 3.7 × 10 21 f/cm 3, 7.4 × 10 14 f/cm 3/s and 123 °C, and 5.5 × 10more » 21 f/cm3, 11.0 × 10 14 f/cm 3/s and 158 °C, respectively. Complex interaction layers developed at the Al-Mg interface, consisting of Al 3Mg 2 and Al 12Mg 17 along with precipitates of MgO, Mg 2Si and FeAl 5.3. No interaction between Mg matrix and U-Mo fuel particle was identified. For the U-Mo fuel particles, at low fission density, small elongated bubbles wrapped around the clean areas with a fission gas bubble superlattice, which suggests that bubble coalescence is an important mechanism for converting the fission gas bubble superlattice to large bubbles. At high fission density, no bubbles or porosity were observed in the Mg matrix, and pockets of residual fission gas bubble superlattice were observed in the U-Mo fuel particle interior.« less

TEM characterization of irradiated U-7Mo/Mg dispersion fuel

DOE PAGES

Gan, J.; Keiser, D. D.; Miller, B. D.; ...

2017-07-15

This paper presents the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization on neutron-irradiated samples taken from the low-flux and high-flux sides of the same fuel plate with U-7Mo fuel particles dispersed in Mg matrix with aluminum alloy Al6061 as cladding material that was irradiated edge-on to the core in the Advanced Test Reactor. The corresponding local fission density and fission rate of the fuel particles and the average fuel-plate centerline temperature for the low-flux and high-flux samples are estimated to be 3.7 × 10 21 f/cm 3, 7.4 × 10 14 f/cm 3/s and 123 °C, and 5.5 × 10more » 21 f/cm3, 11.0 × 10 14 f/cm 3/s and 158 °C, respectively. Complex interaction layers developed at the Al-Mg interface, consisting of Al 3Mg 2 and Al 12Mg 17 along with precipitates of MgO, Mg 2Si and FeAl 5.3. No interaction between Mg matrix and U-Mo fuel particle was identified. For the U-Mo fuel particles, at low fission density, small elongated bubbles wrapped around the clean areas with a fission gas bubble superlattice, which suggests that bubble coalescence is an important mechanism for converting the fission gas bubble superlattice to large bubbles. At high fission density, no bubbles or porosity were observed in the Mg matrix, and pockets of residual fission gas bubble superlattice were observed in the U-Mo fuel particle interior.« less

New Moves—Preventing Weight-Related Problems in Adolescent Girls

PubMed Central

Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne R.; Friend, Sarah E.; Flattum, Colleen F.; Hannan, Peter J.; Story, Mary T.; Bauer, Katherine W.; Feldman, Shira B.; Petrich, Christine A.

2010-01-01

Background Weight-related problems are prevalent in adolescent girls. Purpose To evaluate New Moves, a school-based program aimed at preventing weight-related problems in adolescent girls. Design School-based group-randomized controlled design. Setting/participants 356 girls (mean age=15.8± 1.2 years) from six intervention and six control high schools. Over 75% of the girls were racial/ethnic minorities and 46% were overweight or obese. Data were collected in 2007–2009 and analyzed in 2009–2010. Intervention An all-girls physical education class, supplemented with nutrition and self-empowerment components, individual sessions using motivational interviewing, lunch meetings, and parent outreach. Main outcome measures Percent body fat, BMI, physical activity, sedentary activity, dietary intake, eating patterns, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and body/self-image. Results New Moves did not lead to significant changes in the girls’ percent body fat or BMI but improvements were seen for sedentary activity, eating patterns, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and body/self-image. For example, in comparison to control girls, at 9-month follow-up, intervention girls decreased their sedentary behaviors by approximately one 30-minute block a day (p=.050); girls increased their portion control behaviors (p=.014); the percentage of girls using unhealthy weight control behaviors decreased by 13.7% (p=.021), and improvements were seen in body image (p=.045) and self-worth (p=.031). Additionally, intervention girls reported more support by friends, teachers, and families for healthy eating and physical activity. Conclusions New Moves provides a model for addressing the broad spectrum of weight-related problems among adolescent girls. Further work is needed to enhance the effectiveness of interventions to improve weight status of youth. PMID:20965379

Studies of Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions and Bessel Weighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gamberg, Leonard

2015-04-01

We present a new technique for analysis of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, based on the Bessel weighting formalism. Advantages of employing Bessel weighting are that transverse momentum weighted asymmetries provide a means to disentangle the convolutions in the cross section in a model independent way. The resulting compact expressions immediately connect to work on evolution equations for transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions. As a test case, we apply the procedure to studies of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in SIDIS using a dedicated Monte Carlo generator which includes quark intrinsic transverse momentum within the generalized parton model. Using a fully differential cross section for the process, the effect of four momentum conservation is analyzed using various input models for transverse momentum distributions and fragmentation functions. We observe a few percent systematic offset of the Bessel-weighted asymmetry obtained from Monte Carlo extraction compared to input model calculations. Bessel weighting provides a powerful and reliable tool to study the Fourier transform of TMDs with controlled systematics due to experimental acceptances and resolutions with different TMD model inputs. Work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-07ER41460.

Studies of Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions and Bessel Weighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gamberg, Leonard

2015-10-01

We present a new technique for analysis of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, based on the Bessel weighting formalism. Advantages of employing Bessel weighting are that transverse momentum weighted asymmetries provide a means to disentangle the convolutions in the cross section in a model independent way. The resulting compact expressions immediately connect to work on evolution equations for transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions. As a test case, we apply the procedure to studies of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in SIDIS using a dedicated Monte Carlo generator which includes quark intrinsic transverse momentum within the generalized parton model. Using a fully differential cross section for the process, the effect of four momentum conservation is analyzed using various input models for transverse momentum distributions and fragmentation functions. We observe a few percent systematic offset of the Bessel-weighted asymmetry obtained from Monte Carlo extraction compared to input model calculations. Bessel weighting provides a powerful and reliable tool to study the Fourier transform of TMDs with controlled systematics due to experimental acceptances and resolutions with different TMD model inputs. Work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-07ER41460.

STS-98 U.S. Lab payload is moved to stand for weight determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The U.S. Laboratory Destiny travels past the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo in its overhead passage down the Space Station Processing Facility. The lab is being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001.

7 CFR 1218.23 - U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council. 1218.23 Section 1218... SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions...

7 CFR 1218.23 - U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council. 1218.23 Section 1218... SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions...

7 CFR 1218.23 - U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council. 1218.23 Section 1218... SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions...

7 CFR 1218.23 - U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council. 1218.23 Section 1218... SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions...

7 CFR 1218.23 - U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council. 1218.23 Section 1218... SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions...

Partially-reflected water-moderated square-piteched U(6.90)O 2 fuel rod lattices with 0.67 fuel to water volume ratio (0.800 CM Pitch)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harms, Gary A.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Energy Research Initiative funded the design and construction of the Seven Percent Critical Experiment (7uPCX) at Sandia National Laboratories. The start-up of the experiment facility and the execution of the experiments described here were funded by the DOE Nuclear Criticality Safety Program. The 7uPCX is designed to investigate critical systems with fuel for light water reactors in the enrichment range above 5% 235U. The 7uPCX assembly is a water-moderated and -reflected array of aluminum-clad square-pitched U(6.90%)O 2 fuel rods.

Linking cellular zinc status to body weight and fat mass: mapping quantitative trait loci in Znt7 knockout mice

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Zinc transporter 7 (Znt7, Slc30a7) knockout (KO) mice display abnormalities in body weight gain and body adiposity. Regulation of body weight and fatness is complex, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. To understand how zinc homeostasis influences body weight gain and fat deposit a...

7 CFR 51.1431 - U.S. No. 1 Halves and Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Halves and Pieces. 51.1431 Section 51.1431... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1431 U.S. No. 1 Halves and...

7 CFR 51.1431 - U.S. No. 1 Halves and Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Halves and Pieces. 51.1431 Section 51.1431... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans Grades § 51.1431 U.S. No. 1 Halves and...

United States copper metal and scrap use and trade patterns, 1995‒2014

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goonan, Thomas G.

2016-06-17

This report considers changes to the copper and copper scrap industries of the United States. For the study period, 1995 through 2014, U.S. refined copper production from all sources (primary and secondary materials) decreased from 2.28 million metric tons (Mt) of copper to 1.05 Mt (a 54 percent decrease). During the same period, U.S. copper scrap net exports increased from 0.203 Mt to 0.737 Mt (a 263 percent increase and a compound annual growth rate of about 7.0 percent per year). Copper and copper scrap prices (in constant 2014 dollars) rose such that 2014 prices were about 48 percent greater than 1995 prices. From 1995 through 2014, Chinese imports of copper scrap from the United States grew from 0.061 Mt to 0.569 Mt (an increase of about 830 percent and a compound annual growth rate of about 12.5 percent per year). In 2011, Chinese imports of U.S. copper scrap peaked at 0.745 Mt of contained copper. In 1995, Chinese imports of U.S. copper scrap accounted for 17 percent of U.S. copper scrap exports. By 2014, Chinese imports accounted for 69 percent of U.S. copper scrap exports (by weight), and Chinese imports of U.S. copper scrap were valued at $1.45 billion.

31 CFR 560.420 - Reexportation by non-U.S. persons of certain foreign-made products containing U.S.-origin goods...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (excluding software) falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made good (excluding software); (b) U.S.-origin software falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made software; (c) U.S.-origin technology...

31 CFR 560.420 - Reexportation by non-U.S. persons of certain foreign-made products containing U.S.-origin goods...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (excluding software) falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made good (excluding software); (b) U.S.-origin software falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made software; (c) U.S.-origin technology...

31 CFR 560.420 - Reexportation by non-U.S. persons of certain foreign-made products containing U.S.-origin goods...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (excluding software) falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made good (excluding software); (b) U.S.-origin software falling within the definition in § 560.205 must comprise less than 10 percent of the foreign-made software; (c) U.S.-origin technology...

Misperceptions of Weight Status in Military Men and Women.

PubMed

Clark, Heidi L; Heileson, Jeffery; DeMay, Jordan; Cole, Renee E

2017-05-01

Military members may be in a unique position to misperceive their weight status because of the expectations of military service-specific body composition standards and sex-specific ideals of body image. Two-thirds of military service members are overweight or obese, costing the Department of Defense over $1 billion/year. This study assessed accuracy of perceived weight status. A cross-sectional, descriptive study of active duty service members (n = 295). Participants were predominantly white (57%), Army (91%), male (71%), with a mean age of 30.1 ± 8.6 years. Thirty-six percent were normal body mass index (BMI) (22.7 ± 1.6 kg/m 2 ) and 64% were overweight/obese BMI (29.3 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ). Subject BMI (m/kg 2 ) was dichotomized as normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) or overweight (≥25 kg/m 2 ); BMI status was contrasted to perceived weight. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Madigan and Brook Army Medical Centers. Inferential statistics between groups compared differences between accurate and inaccurate weight status perception. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify if significant independent variables contributed to predicting weight status accuracy. Data were analyzed using SPSS Predictive Analytic Software version 21 with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. A higher education is associated with a 2.6 higher odds of accurately perceiving weight status. Trying to lose weight is associated with a 0.31 lower odds of accurate perception of weight status. Normal BMI: no men and 29% of women perceived they were overweight; 81% of normal weight women with inaccurate weight perceptions were attempting weight loss (p = 0.005). Overweight BMI: 66% of men and 63% of women were not dieting and 42% of men and 6% of women perceived being at the right weight (p < 0.001). Accurate weight perceivers: The majority of overweight/obese females (94%) and males (85%) with an accurate weight perception were trying to lose weight, compared to 30

Impact of sleep, screen time, depression and stress on weight change in the intensive weight loss phase of the LIFE study.

PubMed

Elder, C R; Gullion, C M; Funk, K L; Debar, L L; Lindberg, N M; Stevens, V J

2012-01-01

The LIFE study is a two-phase randomized clinical trial comparing two approaches to maintaining weight loss following guided weight loss. Phase I provided a nonrandomized intensive 6-month behavioral weight loss intervention to 472 obese (body mass index 30-50) adult participants. Phase II is the randomized weight loss maintenance portion of the study. This paper focuses on Phase I measures of sleep, screen time, depression and stress. The Phase I intervention consisted of 22 group sessions led over 26 weeks by behavioral counselors. Recommendations included reducing dietary intake by 500 calories per day, adopting the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and increasing physical exercise to at least 180 min per week. Measures reported here are sleep time, insomnia, screen time, depression and stress at entry and post-weight loss intervention follow-up. The mean weight loss for all participants over the intensive Phase I weight loss intervention was 6.3 kg (s.d. 7.1). Sixty percent (N=285) of participants lost at least 4.5 kg (10 lbs) and were randomized into Phase II. Participants (N=472) attended a mean of 73.1% (s.d. 26.7) of sessions, completed 5.1 (s.d. 1.9) daily food records/week, and reported 195.1 min (s.d. 123.1) of exercise per week. Using logistic regression, sleep time (quadratic trend, P=0.030) and lower stress (P=0.024) at entry predicted success in the weight loss program, and lower stress predicted greater weight loss during Phase I (P=0.021). In addition, weight loss was significantly correlated with declines in stress (P=0.048) and depression (P=0.035). Results suggest that clinicians and investigators might consider targeting sleep, depression and stress as part of a behavioral weight loss intervention.

7 CFR 51.2107 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split or broken kernels, particles and dust... shall be allowed for glass and metal; (e) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10 percent...

Factors contributing to initial weight loss among adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PubMed

Geier, L M; Bekx, M T; Connor, E L

2012-12-01

To evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary clinic on weight management among adolescents with PCOS. 140 adolescent females were evaluated in a multidisciplinary PCOS clinic from March 2005 to December 2008. The team included a pediatric endocrinologist, health psychologist, dietitian, and pediatric gynecologist. 110 were diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam Criteria. Height, weight, BMI, number of subspecialists seen, use of metformin, and compliance with return visits were obtained from medical records. American Family Children's Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin. 110 adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome. Consultation with a dietitian and health psychologist. Change in weight. The average age at first visit was 15.9 years. The average BMI was 34.7 kg/m(2) (range 18.1-55.5). Seventy-six percent had an initial BMI above the 95(th) percentile. Interactions with providers at the initial visit included a pediatric endocrinologist (100%), health psychologist (60.9%), dietitian (75.5%) and gynecologist (70.9%). Seventy one percent returned for a follow-up visit, (average time of 4.5 months between visits) with 57% achieving weight loss (average 3.5 kg) and an additional 12.6% demonstrating no significant weight gain (< 1.5 kg). Thus, 69.6% demonstrated weight loss/stabilization. In this multidisciplinary clinic for adolescents with PCOS, nearly 70% of patients succeeded in short-term weight stabilization, with 57% demonstrating weight loss. Interactions with the health psychologist and dietitian appeared to play a key role in successful weight control, supporting the importance of psychology and nutrition expertise in the management of this disorder. Copyright © 2012 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Decreased plasma levels of ceruloplasmin after diet-induced weight loss in obese women.

PubMed

Tajik, N; Golpaie, A; Keshavarz, S A; Djalali, M; Sehat, M; Masoudkabir, F; Ahmadivand, Z; Fatehi, F; Zare, M; Yazdani, T

2012-06-01

Plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and also to be associated with obesity. However, it is not known whether weight loss could decrease the plasma Cp levels. To investigate the effect of diet-induced weight loss on plasma Cp in obese women. Sixty-seven healthy obese women [age =33.4±8.7 yr, body mass index (BMI) =36.0±4.8 kg/m2] were entered into a medically supervised program aimed at reducing body weight by 10% or more. Weight loss was achieved through a diet providing a daily energy deficit of 500-1000 kcal/day. In addition, all patients were prescribed to use 50 g of a fiber supplement per day. For all subjects, assessment of dietary intake, anthropometric indices, and plasma levels of C-reactive protein and Cp was performed at the first visit and repeated at 12th week of follow-up. By completing the program, weight (Δ=-9.5%, p<0.0001), BMI (Δ=-9.7%, p<0.0001), waist-circumference (Δ=-6.1%, p<0.0001), and triceps skinfold thickness (Δ=-14.9%, p<0.0001) significantly decreased. Plasma Cp significantly decreased after 12 weeks of dietary intervention (33.6±5.6 mg/dl vs 25.2±5.8 mg/dl, p<0.0001). Percent change in Cp was correlated with percent change in waist-circumference (r=446, p=0.015). Our study suggests that an improved body composition induced by restriction of energy intake is associated with decreased serum concentrations of Cp in obese women which in turn might have reduced the subjects' risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Maintaining vigorous activity attenuates 7-yr weight gain in 8340 runners.

PubMed

Williams, Paul T

2007-05-01

Body weight generally increases with aging in Western societies. Although training studies show that exercise produces acute weight loss, it is unclear whether the long-term maintenance of vigorous exercise attenuates the trajectory of age-related weight gain. Specifically, prior studies have not tested whether the maintenance of physical activity, in the absence of any change in activity, prevents weight gain. Prospective study of 6119 male and 2221 female runners whose running distances changed < 5 km x wk(-1) between baseline and follow-up surveys 7 yr later. On average, men who maintained modest (0-23 km x wk(-1)), intermediate (24-47 km x wk(-1)), or prolonged running distances (> or = 48 km x wk(-1)) all gained weight through age 64; however, those who maintained > or = 48 km x wk(-1) had one half the average annual weight gain of those who maintained < 24 km x wk(-1). For example, between the ages of 35 and 44 in men and 30 and 39 yr in women, those who maintained < 24 km x wk(-1) gained, on average, 2.1 and 2.9 kg more per decade than those averaging > 48 km x wk(-1). Age-related weight gain, and its attenuation by maintained exercise, were both greater in younger than in older men. Men's gains in waist circumference with age, and its attenuation by maintaining running, were the same in older and younger men. Regardless of age, women increased their body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference over time, and these measurements were attenuated in proportion to their maintained running distance. In both sexes, running disproportionately prevented more extreme increases in weight. As they aged, men and women gained less weight in proportion to their levels of sustained vigorous activity. This long-term beneficial effect is in addition to the acute weight loss that occurs with increased activity.

Cardiovascular effects of intraosseous injections of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine.

PubMed

Replogle, K; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Weaver, J; Meyers, W J

1999-05-01

Because a number of patients have reported an increase in heart rate with the intraosseous, or i.o., injection, it is important to evaluate changes in the cardiovascular system with this injection technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of an i.o. injection of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine. With the use of a repeated-measures design, the authors randomly assigned 42 subjects to receive i.o. injections of 1.8 milliliters of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 1.8 mL of 3 percent mepivacaine in a double-blinded manner at two appointments. At each appointment the authors monitored electrocardiographic findings, cardiac rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure before, during and after administration of anesthetic solutions. With the 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine solution, 28 (67 percent) of 42 subjects experienced an increase in heart rate that might be attributed to the effect of the epinephrine. In 22 (79 percent) of these subjects, the heart rate returned to within 5 beats of baseline values within four minutes after solution deposition. The authors found no significant increase in heart rate in subjects receiving the 3 percent mepivacaine. No significant differences (P > .05) were found in mean diastolic, mean systolic or mean arterial blood pressure values between the subjects receiving 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and those receiving 3 percent mepivacaine. The majority of subjects receiving the i.o. injection of the 2 percent lidocaine-epinephrine solution experienced a transient increase in heart rate. No significant increase in heart rate was seen with the i.o. injection of 3 percent mepivacaine. While patients would likely notice the heart rate increase with the lidocaine-epinephrine solution, it would not be clinically significant in most healthy patients. In patients whose medical condition, drug

7 CFR 51.2078 - U.S. No. 2 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Mixed. 51.2078 Section 51.2078 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...

7 CFR 51.2076 - U.S. No. 1 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Mixed. 51.2076 Section 51.2076 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...

7 CFR 51.2078 - U.S. No. 2 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 2 Mixed. 51.2078 Section 51.2078 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...

7 CFR 51.2076 - U.S. No. 1 Mixed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Mixed. 51.2076 Section 51.2076 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...

7 CFR 51.1177 - U.S. Grade A Juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos Standards for Internal Quality... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. Grade A Juice. 51.1177 Section 51.1177 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards...

A weighted U-statistic for genetic association analyses of sequencing data.

PubMed

Wei, Changshuai; Li, Ming; He, Zihuai; Vsevolozhskaya, Olga; Schaid, Daniel J; Lu, Qing

2014-12-01

With advancements in next-generation sequencing technology, a massive amount of sequencing data is generated, which offers a great opportunity to comprehensively investigate the role of rare variants in the genetic etiology of complex diseases. Nevertheless, the high-dimensional sequencing data poses a great challenge for statistical analysis. The association analyses based on traditional statistical methods suffer substantial power loss because of the low frequency of genetic variants and the extremely high dimensionality of the data. We developed a Weighted U Sequencing test, referred to as WU-SEQ, for the high-dimensional association analysis of sequencing data. Based on a nonparametric U-statistic, WU-SEQ makes no assumption of the underlying disease model and phenotype distribution, and can be applied to a variety of phenotypes. Through simulation studies and an empirical study, we showed that WU-SEQ outperformed a commonly used sequence kernel association test (SKAT) method when the underlying assumptions were violated (e.g., the phenotype followed a heavy-tailed distribution). Even when the assumptions were satisfied, WU-SEQ still attained comparable performance to SKAT. Finally, we applied WU-SEQ to sequencing data from the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), and detected an association between ANGPTL 4 and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. © 2014 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among U.S. military personnel: Meta-analysis and simulation

PubMed Central

Gadermann, Anne M.; Engel, COL Charles C.; Naifeh, James A.; Nock, Matthew K.; Petukhova, Maria; Santiago, LCDR Patcho N.; Benjamin, Wu; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Kessler, Ronald C.

2014-01-01

A meta-analysis of 25 epidemiological studies estimated the prevalence of recent DSM-IV major depression among U.S. military personnel. Best estimates of recent prevalence (standard error) were 12.0 percent (1.2) among currently deployed, 13.1 percent (1.8) among previously deployed and 5.7 percent (1.2) among never deployed. Consistent correlates of prevalence were being female, enlisted, young (ages 17 to 25), unmarried and having less than a college education. Simulation of data from a national general population survey was used to estimate expected lifetime prevalence of major depression among respondents with the socio-demographic profile and none of the enlistment exclusions of Army personnel. In this simulated sample, 16.2 percent (3.1) of respondents had lifetime major depression and 69.7 percent (8.5) of first onsets occurred before expected age of enlistment. Numerous methodological problems limit the results of the meta-analysis and simulation. The paper closes with a discussion of recommendations for correcting these problems in future surveillance and operational stress studies. PMID:22953441

Body weight status and telomere length in U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

PubMed

An, Ruopeng; Yan, Hai

Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological aging. This study examined the relationship between body weight status and telomere length in U.S. middle-aged and older adults. Nationally representative data (N=2749) came from the Health and Retirement Study. Linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between baseline body weight status reported in 1992 and telomere length measured in 2008 in the overall sample and by sex and racial/ethnic groups, adjusted for individual characteristics. Baseline overweight (25kg/m 2 ≤body mass index [BMI]<30kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m 2 ) status positively predicted telomere length 17 years later. Compared with their normal weight counterparts, telomere length ratio was on average 0.062 (95% confidence interval=0.016, 0.109) and 0.125 (0.048, 0.202) larger among overweight and obese adults, respectively. In comparison to women and racial/ethnic minorities, the estimated positive associations between overweight and obesity status and telomere length were more salient among men and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. The positive association between body weight status and telomere length found in this study was opposite to what existing biological model predicts, and could partially relate to the nonlinear relationship between body weight status and telomere length across age cohorts, and/or the lack of reliability of BMI as an indicator for adiposity in the older population. Large-scale longitudinal studies with baseline telomere length measures are warranted to replicate this study finding and explore the potential heterogeneous relationship between body weight status and telomere length. Copyright © 2016 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Community Weight Loss to Combat Obesity and Disability in At-Risk Older Adults.

PubMed

Rejeski, W Jack; Ambrosius, Walter T; Burdette, Jonathan H; Walkup, Michael P; Marsh, Anthony P

2017-10-12

Among older, overweight, and obese adults with either cardiovascular disease or the metabolic syndrome, reduced mobility and loss of leg strength are important risk factors for morbidity, disability, and mortality. It is unclear whether community-based approaches to weight loss may be an effective solution to this public health challenge. An 18-month three-site, randomized controlled trial conducted by YMCA staff, with blinded assessors, enrolled 249 older, overweight, and obese adults with either cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome with randomization to three interventions: weight loss alone (WL), weight loss + aerobic training (WL + AT), and weight loss + resistance training (WT + RT). The dual primary outcomes were 400-m walk time in seconds and knee extensor strength in Newton meters. All groups lost weight from baseline: average baseline adjusted change of -6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.5 to -4.7) for WL only, -8.6% (95% CI: -10.0 to -7.2) for WL + AT, and -9.7% (95% CI: -11.1 to -8.4) for WL + RT. Combined, the two physical activity + WL training groups had greater improvement in walk time than WL alone (mean difference 16.9 seconds [95% CI: 9.7 to 24.0], p < .0001). Baseline adjusted change in knee extensor strength was no greater with WL + RT than WL + AT (mean difference -3.6 Nm [95% CI: -7.5 to 0.3], p = .07). At risk, older, overweight and obese adults can achieve clinically significant reductions in body weight with community-based weight loss programs. The change in percent weight loss and improvements in mobility are significantly enhanced when either RT or AT is combined with dietary WL. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... the conditions of equilibrium specified in § 42.20-12 assuming the damage specified in § 42.20-11 as... one compartment, treating the machinery space as a floodable compartment. (b) When doing the...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... the conditions of equilibrium specified in § 42.20-12 assuming the damage specified in § 42.20-11 as... one compartment, treating the machinery space as a floodable compartment. (b) When doing the...

40 CFR 86.129-80 - Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination. (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of... equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more than 33 pct of the car line. Frontal... expected that more than 33 percent of a car line within an engine-system combination will be equipped with...

40 CFR 86.129-80 - Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination. (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of... equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more than 33 pct of the car line. Frontal... expected that more than 33 percent of a car line within an engine-system combination will be equipped with...

40 CFR 86.129-80 - Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination. (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of... equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more than 33 pct of the car line. Frontal... expected that more than 33 percent of a car line within an engine-system combination will be equipped with...

40 CFR 86.129-80 - Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination. (a) Flywheels, electrical or other means of... equipment exceeding 0.1 ft2 which are anticipated to be sold on more than 33 pct of the car line. Frontal... expected that more than 33 percent of a car line within an engine-system combination will be equipped with...

Fusion and direct reactions around the barrier for the systems {sup 7,9}Be,{sup 7}Li+{sup 238}U

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Raabe, R.; Angulo, C.; Charvet, J. L.

2006-10-15

We present new cross section data for the complete fusion of the weakly bound systems {sup 7,9}Be and {sup 7}Li on {sup 238}U at energies around the Coulomb barrier. In the same measurement, yields for direct processes and incomplete fusion are detected. For all systems, a suppression of the complete fusion cross section around and above the barrier is observed. At energies below the barrier, the fusion of the {sup 7}Be+{sup 238}U system shows no enhancement with respect to simple model predictions.

STS-98 U.S. Lab payload is moved to stand for weight determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In its overhead passage down the Space Station Processing Facility, the U.S. Laboratory Destiny travels past the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Both are elements in the construction of the International Space Station. The lab is being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001.

STS-98 U.S. Lab payload is moved to stand for weight determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, the 'key' to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny is officially handed over to NASA during a brief ceremony while workers look on. Suspended overhead is the laboratory, being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the International Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001.

7 CFR 46.44 - Good delivery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Lettuce. (1) If the contract specifies a U.S. grade, the lettuce may contain an average of not more than 3... U.S. Standards for Grades of Lettuce. (For example, the U.S. No. 1 grade provides a 12 percent... lettuce at destination may contain a maximum of 15 percent, by count, of the heads in any lot which are...

Weight savings in aerospace vehicles through propellant scavenging

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schneider, Steven J.; Reed, Brian D.

1988-01-01

Vehicle payload benefits of scavenging hydrogen and oxygen propellants are addressed. The approach used is to select a vehicle and a mission and then select a scavenging system for detailed weight analysis. The Shuttle 2 vehicle on a Space Station rendezvous mission was chosen for study. The propellant scavenging system scavenges liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen from the launch propulsion tankage during orbital maneuvers and stores them in well insulated liquid accumulators for use in a cryogenic auxiliary propulsion system. The fraction of auxiliary propulsion propellant which may be scavenged for propulsive purposes is estimated to be 45.1 percent. The auxiliary propulsion subsystem dry mass, including the proposed scavenging system, an additional 20 percent for secondary structure, an additional 5 percent for electrical service, a 10 percent weight growth margin, and 15.4 percent propellant reserves and residuals is estimated to be 6331 kg. This study shows that the fraction of the on-orbit vehicle mass required by the auxiliary propulsion system of this Shuttle 2 vehicle using this technology is estimated to be 12.0 percent compared to 19.9 percent for a vehicle with an earth-storable bipropellant system. This results in a vehicle with the capability of delivering an additional 7820 kg to the Space Station.

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

The associations between weight-related anthropometrics during childhood and lung function in late childhood: a retrospective cohort study.

PubMed

Byberg, Kristine Kjer; Mikalsen, Ingvild Bruun; Eide, Geir Egil; Forman, Michele R; Júlíusson, Pétur Benedikt; Øymar, Knut

2018-01-19

An association between body weight in childhood and subsequent lung function and asthma has been suggested, but few longitudinal studies exist. Our aim was to explore whether weight-related anthropometric measurements through childhood were associated with lung function in late childhood. From an original nested case-control study, a cohort study was conducted, where lung function was measured in 463 children aged 12.8 years, and anthropometry was measured at several ages from birth through 12.8 years of age. Associations between anthropometrics and lung function were analysed using multiple linear and fractional polynomial regression analysis. Birthweight and body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ) at different ages through childhood were positively associated with forced vital capacity in percent of predicted (FVC %) and forced expiratory volume in the first second in percent of predicted (FEV 1 %) at 12.8 years of age. BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and skinfolds at 12.8 years of age and the change in BMI from early to late childhood were positively associated with FVC % and FEV 1 % and negatively associated with FEV 1 /FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC/FVC. Interaction analyses showed that positive associations between anthropometrics other than BMI and lung function were mainly found in girls. Inverse U-shaped associations were found between BMI at the ages of 10.8/11.8 (girls/boys) and 12.8 years (both genders) and FVC % and FEV 1 % at 12.8 years of age. Weight-related anthropometrics through childhood may influence lung function in late childhood. These findings may be physiological or associated with air flow limitation. Inverse U-shaped associations suggest a differential impact on lung function in normal-weight and overweight children. This study was observational without any health care intervention for the participants. Therefore, no trial registration number is available.

Body composition and Vo2max of exceptional weight-trained athletes.

PubMed

Fahey, T D; Akka, L; Rolph, R

1975-10-01

The maximal oxygen uptake and body composition of 30 exceptional athletes who have trained extensively with weights was measured. The sample included 3 world record holders, 8 other world class athletes, and 19 national class competitors. The sports represented were shot-putting, discus throwing, body building, power lifting, wrestling, and olympic lifting. Vo2max as determined on a bicycle ergometer by the open-circuit method was 4.6 +/- 0.7 1-min-1 (mean +/- SD) (48.8 +/- 7 ml-kg-1., 56.4 +/- 8.6 ml-(kg LBW)-1). The mean maximal heart rate was 185.3 +/- 11.6 beats-min-1. The subjects attained a work rate of 1,728.2 +/- 223 kpm-min-1 on a continuous progressive bicycle ergometer test and had mean maximal ventilations of 152.5 +/- 27.7 1-min-1 BTPS. Body composition was determined by densitometry. Body weight averaged 96.0 +/- 14.9 kg, with mean percent fat of 13.8 +/- 4.5. The results of this study indicate that exceptional weight-trained athletes are within the normal college-age population range in body fat and of somewhat higher physical working capacity.

Weights, growth, and survival of timber wolf pups in Minnesota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Van Ballenberghe, V.; Mech, L.D.

1975-01-01

Weights, growth rates, canine tooth lengths, and survival data were obtained from 73 wild wolf (Canis lupus) pups that were 8 to 28 weeks old when live-trapped in three areas of northern Minnesota from 1969 to 1972. Relative weights of wild pups are expressed as percentages of a standard weight curve based on data from captive pups of similar age. These relative weights varied greatly within litters, between litters, and between years; extremes of 31 to 144 percent of the standard were observed. Growth rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.23 kilograms per day were observed, and similar variations in general devel pment and in replacement and growth of canine teeth were noted. Survival data based on radio-tracking and tag returns indicated that pups with relative weights less than 65 percent of standard have a poor chance of survival, whereas pups of at least 80 percent of standard weight have a high survivability. Pups born in 1972 were especially underweight, probably a result of declining white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities in the interior of the Superior National Forest study area.

7 CFR 51.1995 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...) For mixed types. 20 percent for filberts which are of a different type. (2) For defects. 10 percent...

7 CFR 51.2107 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with...

7 CFR 51.1995 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946...) For mixed types. 20 percent for filberts which are of a different type. (2) For defects. 10 percent...

7 CFR 51.2107 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with...

Study of extraterrestrial disposal of radioactive wastes. Part 3: Preliminary feasibility screening study of space disposal of the actinide radioactive wastes with 1 percent and 0.1 percent fission product contamination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyland, R. E.; Wohl, M. L.; Finnegan, P. M.

1973-01-01

A preliminary study was conducted of the feasibility of space disposal of the actinide class of radioactive waste material. This waste was assumed to contain 1 and 0.1 percent residual fission products, since it may not be feasible to completely separate the actinides. The actinides are a small fraction of the total waste but they remain radioactive much longer than the other wastes and must be isolated from human encounter for tens of thousands of years. Results indicate that space disposal is promising but more study is required, particularly in the area of safety. The minimum cost of space transportation would increase the consumer electric utility bill by the order of 1 percent for earth escape and 3 percent for solar escape. The waste package in this phase of the study was designed for normal operating conditions only; the design of next phase of the study will include provisions for accident safety. The number of shuttle launches per year required to dispose of all U.S. generated actinide waste with 0.1 percent residual fission products varies between 3 and 15 in 1985 and between 25 and 110 by 2000. The lower values assume earth escape (solar orbit) and the higher values are for escape from the solar system.

Medical Expenditures Associated With Hypertension in the U.S., 2000-2013.

PubMed

Zhang, Donglan; Wang, Guijing; Zhang, Ping; Fang, Jing; Ayala, Carma

2017-12-01

Trends of prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension have been documented in the U.S., but changes in medical expenditures associated with hypertension over time have not been evaluated. This study analyzed these expenditures during 2000-2013 among U.S. adults. Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed in 2016. The study population was non-institutionalized men and non-pregnant women aged ≥18 years. Hypertension was defined as ever been diagnosed with hypertension or currently taking antihypertensive medications. Medical expenditures included all payments to medical care providers. Expenditures associated with hypertension were estimated by two-part regression models and adjusted into 2015 U.S. dollars. Controlling variables included sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, insurance, region, smoking status, weight status, health status, and comorbidities. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint method. Total per-person annual expenditures associated with hypertension in 2000-2001 ($1,399) were not significantly different from those in 2012-2013 ($1,494) (average annual percent change [AAPC]= -0.6%, p=0.794), but annual national spending increased significantly from $58.7 billion to $109.1 billion (AAPC=8.3%, p=0.015), mainly because of the increase in the number of people treated for hypertension. Per-person outpatient payments were 22.7% higher in 2012-2013 than in 2000-2001 ($416 vs $322, p<0.05; AAPC=0.8%, p-trend=0.826). Payments for prescription medications took up a larger proportion of the medical expenditures associated with hypertension, compared to payments for outpatient or other services (33%-46%). During 2000-2013, annual national medical expenditures associated with hypertension increased significantly. Preventing hypertension could alleviate hypertension-associated economic burden. Copyright © 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved.

Perceived weight discrimination, childhood maltreatment, and weight gain in U.S. adults with overweight/obesity.

PubMed

Udo, Tomoko; Grilo, Carlos M

2016-06-01

Perceived weight discrimination and childhood maltreatment have been independently associated with physical and mental health issues, as well as weight gain. It is not known, however, whether childhood maltreatment modifies the relationship between perceived weight discrimination and weight changes. This study examined the relationship between perceived weight discrimination, childhood maltreatment, and changes in body mass index (BMI) over 3 years in 21,357 men and women with overweight and obesity from Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Reporting childhood maltreatment, regardless of the specific form of maltreatment, was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of perceived weight discrimination in women. Perceived weight discrimination was associated with a significantly greater increase in BMI in both genders. Among all women with perceived weight discrimination, those who also reported having experienced childhood maltreatment had significantly less BMI increase compared to those reporting not having experienced childhood maltreatment. Perceived weight discrimination may foster weight gain rather than encouraging weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity and should be addressed in prevention efforts and clinical settings. Childhood maltreatment may perhaps sensitize individuals to subsequent stressors and increase vulnerability to perceived weight discrimination, particularly in women. © 2016 The Obesity Society.

Inspiration: One Percent and Rising

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walling, Donovan R.

2009-01-01

Inventor Thomas Edison once famously declared, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." If that's the case, then the students the author witnessed at the International Student Media Festival (ISMF) last November in Orlando, Florida, are geniuses and more. The students in the ISMF pre-conference workshop…

Effects of climate change on nonforest vegetation [Chapter 7

Treesearch

Wayne G. Padgett; Matthew C. Reeves; Stanley G. Kitchen; David L. Tart; Jeanne C. Chambers; Cheri Howell; Mary E. Manning; John G. Proctor

2018-01-01

Nonforest ecosystems, as they are addressed in this chapter, contain woodland, shrubland, herbaceous, wetland, or riparian vegetation types. They are estimated to occupy over 30 million acres and 50 percent of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) Intermountain Region (table 7.1). These diverse ecosystems range in elevation from desert floors to...

Immigrants in the one percent: The national origin of top wealth owners

PubMed Central

Keister, Lisa A.; Aronson, Brian

2017-01-01

Background Economic inequality in the United States is extreme, but little is known about the national origin of affluent households. Households in the top one percent by total wealth own vastly disproportionate quantities of household assets and have correspondingly high levels of economic, social, and political influence. The overrepresentation of white natives (i.e., those born in the U.S.) among high-wealth households is well-documented, but changing migration dynamics suggest that a growing portion of top households may be immigrants. Methods Because no single survey dataset contains top wealth holders and data about country of origin, this paper uses two publicly-available data sets: the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Multiple imputation is used to impute country of birth from the SIPP into the SCF. Descriptive statistics are used to demonstrate reliability of the method, to estimate the prevalence of immigrants among top wealth holders, and to document patterns of asset ownership among affluent immigrants. Results Significant numbers of top wealth holders who are usually classified as white natives may be immigrants. Many top wealth holders appear to be European and Canadian immigrants, and increasing numbers of top wealth holders are likely from Asia and Latin America as well. Results suggest that of those in the top one percent of wealth holders, approximately 3% are European and Canadian immigrants, .5% are from Mexico or Cuban, and 1.7% are from Asia (especially Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China, and India). Ownership of key assets varies considerably across affluent immigrant groups. Conclusion Although the percentage of top wealth holders who are immigrants is relatively small, these percentages represent large numbers of households with considerable resources and corresponding social and political influence. Evidence that the propensity to allocate wealth to real and financial assets varies

Immigrants in the one percent: The national origin of top wealth owners.

PubMed

Keister, Lisa A; Aronson, Brian

2017-01-01

Economic inequality in the United States is extreme, but little is known about the national origin of affluent households. Households in the top one percent by total wealth own vastly disproportionate quantities of household assets and have correspondingly high levels of economic, social, and political influence. The overrepresentation of white natives (i.e., those born in the U.S.) among high-wealth households is well-documented, but changing migration dynamics suggest that a growing portion of top households may be immigrants. Because no single survey dataset contains top wealth holders and data about country of origin, this paper uses two publicly-available data sets: the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Multiple imputation is used to impute country of birth from the SIPP into the SCF. Descriptive statistics are used to demonstrate reliability of the method, to estimate the prevalence of immigrants among top wealth holders, and to document patterns of asset ownership among affluent immigrants. Significant numbers of top wealth holders who are usually classified as white natives may be immigrants. Many top wealth holders appear to be European and Canadian immigrants, and increasing numbers of top wealth holders are likely from Asia and Latin America as well. Results suggest that of those in the top one percent of wealth holders, approximately 3% are European and Canadian immigrants, .5% are from Mexico or Cuban, and 1.7% are from Asia (especially Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China, and India). Ownership of key assets varies considerably across affluent immigrant groups. Although the percentage of top wealth holders who are immigrants is relatively small, these percentages represent large numbers of households with considerable resources and corresponding social and political influence. Evidence that the propensity to allocate wealth to real and financial assets varies across immigrant groups suggests that

Making the weight: a case study from professional boxing.

PubMed

Morton, James P; Robertson, Colin; Sutton, Laura; MacLaren, Don P M

2010-02-01

Professional boxing is a combat sport categorized into a series of weight classes. Given the sport's underpinning culture, boxers' typical approach to "making weight" is usually via severe acute and/or chronic energy restriction and dehydration. Such practices have implications for physical performance and also carry health risks. This article provides a case-study account outlining a more structured and gradual approach to helping a professional male boxer make weight for the 59-kg superfeatherweight division. Over a 12-week period, the client athlete adhered to a daily diet approximately equivalent to his resting metabolic rate (6-7 MJ; 40% carbohydrate, 38% protein, 22% fat). Average body-mass loss was 0.9 + or - 0.4 kg/wk, equating to a total loss of 9.4 kg. This weight loss resulted in a decrease in percent body fat from 12.1% to 7.0%. In the 30 hr between weigh-in and competition, the client consumed a high-carbohydrate diet (12 g/kg body mass) supported by appropriate hydration strategies and subsequently entered the ring at a fighting weight of 63.2 kg. This nutritional strategy represented a major change in the client's habitual weight-making practices and did not rely on any form of intended dehydration during the training period or before weighing in. The intervention demonstrates that a more gradual approach to making weight in professional boxing can be successfully achieved via a combination of restricted energy intake and increased energy expenditure, providing there is willingness on the part of the athlete and coaches involved to adopt novel practices.

Relationship between smoking status and body weight in a military population of young adults.

PubMed

Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah; Klesges, Robert C; Massey, Virginia; Vander Weg, Mark W; DeBon, Margaret

2009-04-01

The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between smoking and body weight in a cohort of young U.S. Air Force recruits (mean age=20 years) enrolled in basic military training (N=35986). Twenty-two percent of recruits smoked daily prior to basic military training (n=8087) and were compared to never smokers, former smokers, and experimental or nondaily smokers. A three-way interaction among smoking status, gender and ethnicity suggested a small effect for daily smoking among White male recruits only and no significant differences for female recruits or members of any other ethnic group. Although there was a statistically significant relationship between smoking and body weight in White males, the effect size was approximately 1 kg. These results suggest that the energy balance differences in body weight between young smokers and nonsmokers are minimal and that it would take decades to accrue the differences typically seen in adult smokers.

Waist-height ratio in children of 7 to 11 years with high weight at birth and its relationship with gender, age and diet.

PubMed

Rodríguez Vargas, Nuris; Fernandez-Britto, Jose Emilio; Martinez Perez, Tania Paula; Martinez Garcia, Rolando; Castañeda Garcia, Cecilia Margarita; Garriga Reyes, Mailin; Cabrera Estrada, Claudia; Plana Labrada, Rossana; García Niebla, Rosa María; Blanco Aranguren, Fabiola

2018-03-26

Obesity (OB), considered as one of the Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases, has as its fundamental characteristics that of being prevalent at a global level, increasing in number, affecting developed and developing countries, affecting both genders, and all ages and social groups. To identify if high birth weight is a predictive factor (risk factor) for abdominal obesity in children 7 to 11 years old, and its relationship to gender, age and diet. A case-control descriptive study was carried out with children born between January 1992 and December 1995, in order to identify early risk factors (atherosclerotic accelerators) such as abdominal obesity in children aged 7 to 11, and who have a history of macrosomia or high birth weight, as well as their relationship with gender, age and diet. It was observed that the waist/height value was normal in 60.8% of the study group and in 64.00% in the control group. The difference between groups, gender, and age was not significant (P=.6859). As regards the diet in the study group (macrosomic), there was no significant association between the type of diet and waist circumference/height values, with an χ 2 =0.223 and P=.6373 (not significant). In the control group (with normal weight at birth), it was found that there is a significant statistical association between the type of diet and waist circumference/height values. This means that it can be stated, with 95% reliability, that the type of diet is associated with waist/height values. High birth weight is not a predictive factor (risk factor) for abdominal obesity (increased waist/height index). Gender and age are independent for abdominal obesity (macrosomic and normal weight at birth). The diet in high birth weight children is not related to the index waist-height index, which is not the case in those born with normal weight under the same conditions. The marked increase in abdominal obesity (Waist/height index) in children between 7 and 11 years old in both groups is

37 CFR 7.29 - Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effect of replacement on U.S. registration. 7.29 Section 7.29 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.29 - Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effect of replacement on U.S. registration. 7.29 Section 7.29 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.29 - Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effect of replacement on U.S. registration. 7.29 Section 7.29 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.29 - Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effect of replacement on U.S. registration. 7.29 Section 7.29 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

37 CFR 7.29 - Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effect of replacement on U.S. registration. 7.29 Section 7.29 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT...

Percents Are Not Natural Numbers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Jennifer A.

2013-01-01

Adults are prone to treating percents, one representational format of rational numbers, as novel cases of natural number. This suggests that percent values are not differentiated from natural numbers; a conceptual shift from the natural numbers to the rational numbers has not yet occurred. This is most surprising, considering people are inundated…

Performance of transonic fan stage with weight flow per unit annulus area of 178 kilograms per second per square meter (6.5(lb/sec)/(sq ft))

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, R. D.; Urasek, D. C.; Kovich, G.

1973-01-01

The overall and blade-element performances are presented over the stable flow operating range from 50 to 100 percent of design speed. Stage peak efficiency of 0.834 was obtained at a weight flow of 26.4 kg/sec (58.3 lb/sec) and a pressure ratio of 1.581. The stall margin for the stage was 7.5 percent based on weight flow and pressure ratio at stall and peak efficiency conditions. The rotor minimum losses were approximately equal to design except in the blade vibration damper region. Stator minimum losses were less than design except in the tip and damper regions.

Fission Product Yields of 233U, 235U, 238U and 239Pu in Fields of Thermal Neutrons, Fission Neutrons and 14.7-MeV Neutrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laurec, J.; Adam, A.; de Bruyne, T.; Bauge, E.; Granier, T.; Aupiais, J.; Bersillon, O.; Le Petit, G.; Authier, N.; Casoli, P.

2010-12-01

The yields of more than fifteen fission products have been carefully measured using radiochemical techniques, for 235U(n,f), 239Pu(n,f) in a thermal spectrum, for 233U(n,f), 235U(n,f), and 239Pu(n,f) reactions in a fission neutron spectrum, and for 233U(n,f), 235U(n,f), 238U(n,f), and 239Pu(n,f) for 14.7 MeV monoenergetic neutrons. Irradiations were performed at the EL3 reactor, at the Caliban and Prospero critical assemblies, and at the Lancelot electrostatic accelerator in CEA-Valduc. Fissions were counted in thin deposits using fission ionization chambers. The number of fission products of each species were measured by gamma spectrometry of co-located thick deposits.

Triangular osteosynthesis of vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a new concept allowing early weight-bearing.

PubMed

Schildhauer, T A; Josten, Ch; Muhr, G

2006-01-01

Presentation of a new triangular osteosynthesis technique that permits early weight-bearing in vertically unstable sacral fractures. : Retrospective evaluation of a consecutive series. Level I trauma center. Thirty-four patients, twenty-eight of whom were poly-traumatized, all with vertically unstable sacral fractures. This group included eight women and twenty-six men, with a mean age of thirty-five years. Average time between trauma and definite operation was thirteen days (range 0 to 28 days). All patients underwent triangular osteosynthesis using a combination of a vertical vertebro-pelvic distraction osteosynthesis (pedicle screw system) and a transverse fixation of the sacrum fracture with either iliosacral screws or trans-sacral plating. Immediate postoperative weight-bearing was permitted postoperatively. Nineteen patients were treated with early progressive weight-bearing and advanced to full weight-bearing, on average, after twenty-three days (range 8 to 70 days). Three of the thirty-four patients (9 percent) experienced loosening of hardware, including two patients (6 percent) who required secondary intervention because of loss of the original reduction. Further complications included one pulmonary embolism (3 percent), one iatrogenic nerve lesion (3 percent), one wound necrosis (3 percent), and two local infections (6 percent). Triangular osteosynthesis is a demanding procedure that can be performed on vertically unstable sacral fractures to allow early progressive weight-bearing with an acceptable complication rate.

Maternal BMI, gestational diabetes, and weight gain in relation to childhood obesity: The mediation effect of placental weight.

PubMed

Ouyang, Fengxiu; Parker, Margaret G; Luo, Zhong-Cheng; Wang, Xia; Zhang, Hui-Juan; Jiang, Fan; Wang, Xiaobin; Gillman, Matthew W; Zhang, Jun

2016-04-01

High prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with the risk of childhood obesity. This study aims to examine the extent to which these effects may be mediated through the placenta. Data included 33,893 mothers and their singleton infants from birth to 7 years old (total 154,590 visits) in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a U.S. multicenter prospective cohort study from 1959 to 1976. The placentas were weighed after removing cord and membranes. We performed sequential generalized estimating equation-linear models excluding and including placental weight to evaluate its mediation effect. In this population, 21.7% of mothers had overweight or obesity, 17.3% had excessive GWG, and 350 (1%) had diagnosed GDM; in addition, 7.2% children had obesity. After adjustment for prepregnancy BMI and other covariates, childhood BMI was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.40) kg/m(2) higher for children born to mothers with GDM versus those without GDM. Inclusion of placental weight in the model attenuated the association by 52% to 0.11 (95% CI: -0.06, 0.28) and similarly attenuated the associations with childhood BMI for GWG by 25% and maternal prepregnancy BMI by 17%. Placental weight partly mediates the effects of prepregnancy BMI, excessive GWG, and GDM on childhood BMI. © 2016 The Obesity Society.

Medial thigh lift in the massive weight loss population: outcomes and complications.

PubMed

Gusenoff, Jeffrey A; Coon, Devin; Nayar, Harry; Kling, Russell E; Rubin, J Peter

2015-01-01

Complication profiles of medial thighplasty in the massive weight loss population are not well described. The authors present their experience with these procedures in the massive weight loss population. Thighplasty patients from 2003 to 2012 were assessed. Variables included age, sex, body mass index, method of weight loss, comorbidities, and smoking status. Outcomes included seroma, dehiscence, infection, hematoma, edema, and revision. Statistical analysis was performed as appropriate. One hundred six subjects (90 women and 16 men) underwent thighplasty. Fourteen patients underwent horizontal thighplasty, with a complication rate of 43 percent; 24 underwent short-scar thighplasty, with a complication rate of 67 percent; and 68 underwent full-length vertical thighplasty, with a complication rate of 74 percent. Seventy-two subjects (68 percent) had at least one complication. Complications included dehiscence (51 percent), seroma (25 percent), infection (16 percent), and hematoma (6 percent). Overall, 25 patients (23 percent) developed edema, which did not resolve in two patients by 12 months. Hypertension was significantly associated with postoperative seroma (p = 0.02). Age (p = 0.01), hypothyroidism (p = 0.01), and liposuction outside the area of resection (p = 0.025) were associated with postoperative infections. A full-length vertical incision was associated with increased lower extremity edema (p = 0.007). Medial thighplasty has a high rate of minor wound healing problems. Full-length vertical thighplasty is associated with prolonged edema. Concomitant liposuction may also increase complications. Patients should be counseled appropriately about the potential for minor wound healing problems. Therapeutic, III.

12 CFR 217.152 - Simple risk weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... than or equal to -1 (that is, between zero and -1), then E equals the absolute value of RVC. If RVC is... this section. (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to an entity whose credit exposures are exempt from the 0.03 percent PD floor in § 217.131(d)(2) is assigned a zero percent...

STS-98 U.S. Lab payload is moved to stand for weight determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, the 'key' to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny is officially handed over to NASA during a brief ceremony while workers look on. Suspended overhead is the laboratory, being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Behind the workers at left is the Joint Airlock Module. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the International Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001.

7 CFR 205.303 - Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., verifying organic certification of the operations producing such ingredients, and: Provided further, That... (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Labels, Labeling, and Market Information § 205.303 Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.” (a) Agricultural products...

7 CFR 52.3184 - Grades of dried prunes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... affected by: Not more than 5 percent, by weight, may be affected by: Off-color. End cracks. 1 Skin or flesh... weight, may be affected by: Not more than 1 percent, by weight, may be affected by: Off-color. Poor texture. Mold. Decay. Poor texture. End cracks. Dirt. End cracks. Skin or flesh Foreign material. Skin or...

Three-year weight change in successful weight losers who lost weight on a low-carbohydrate diet.

PubMed

Phelan, Suzanne; Wyatt, Holly; Nassery, Shirine; Dibello, Julia; Fava, Joseph L; Hill, James O; Wing, Rena R

2007-10-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low-carbohydrate diet. This study examined 3-year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low-carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported >or=30-lb weight loss and >or=1 year weight loss maintenance. Only 10.8% of participants reported losing weight after a low-carbohydrate diet. At entry into the study, low-carbohydrate diet users reported consuming more kcal/d (mean +/- SD, 1,895 +/- 452 vs. 1,398 +/- 574); fewer calories in weekly physical activity (1,595 +/- 2,499 vs. 2,542 +/- 2,301); more calories from fat (64.0 +/- 7.9% vs. 30.9 +/- 13.1%), saturated fat (23.8 +/- 4.1 vs. 10.5 +/- 5.2), monounsaturated fat (24.4 +/- 3.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 5.1), and polyunsaturated fat (8.6 +/- 2.7 vs. 5.5 +/- 2.9); and less dietary restraint (10.8 +/- 2.9 vs. 14.9 +/- 3.9) compared with other Registry members. These differences persisted over time. No differences in 3-year weight regain were observed between low-carbohydrate dieters and other Registry members in intent-to-treat analyses (7.0 +/- 7.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 8.7 kg). It is possible to achieve and maintain long-term weight loss using a low-carbohydrate diet. The long-term health effects of weight loss associated with a high-fat diet and low activity level merits further investigation.

7 CFR 51.2948 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 70 percent, by count, of the walnuts have kernels which are not darker than “light amber” (see color..., or 40 percent of the walnuts have kernels which are not darker than “light” (see color chart). Higher percentages of nuts with kernels not darker than “light amber” which are free from grade defects and/or higher...

7 CFR 51.2948 - U.S. No. 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 70 percent, by count, of the walnuts have kernels which are not darker than “light amber” (see color..., or 40 percent of the walnuts have kernels which are not darker than “light” (see color chart). Higher percentages of nuts with kernels not darker than “light amber” which are free from grade defects and/or higher...

Chocolate-candy consumption and three-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women

PubMed Central

Greenberg, James A.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Buijsse, Brian; Wang, Lu; Allison, Matthew A.; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Tinker, Lesley; Waring, Molly E.; Isasi, Carmen R.; Martin, Lisa W.; Thomson, Cynthia A.

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study involving 107,243 post-menopausal American women aged 50–79 years (mean=60.7) at enrolment in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), with three-year follow up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio-economic, anthropomorphic and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses. RESULTS Compared to women who ate a 1 oz (~28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater three-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06) and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (p for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater three-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5–25 kg/m2), and as age decreased. CONCLUSIONS Greater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of post-menopausal women. PMID:25644711

Chocolate-candy consumption and 3-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women.

PubMed

Greenberg, James A; Manson, JoAnn E; Buijsse, Brian; Wang, Lu; Allison, Matthew A; Neuhouser, Marian L; Tinker, Lesley; Waring, Molly E; Isasi, Carmen R; Martin, Lisa W; Thomson, Cynthia A

2015-03-01

To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women. A prospective cohort study involved 107,243 postmenopausal American women aged 50-79 years (mean = 60.7) at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative, with 3-year follow-up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio economic, anthropomorphic, and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses. Compared with women who ate a 1 oz (∼28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater 3-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06), and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (P for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater 3-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m(2)), and was inversely associated with age. Greater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of postmenopausal women. © 2015 The Obesity Society.

Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weedman, Suzanne

2001-01-01

Our Nation faces the simultaneous challenges of increasing demand for energy, declining domestic production from existing oil and gas fields, and increasing expectations for environmental protection. The Energy Information Administration (2000) forecasts that worldwide energy consumption will increase 32 percent between 1999 and 2020 because of growth of the world economy. Forecasts indicate that in the same time period, U.S. natural gas consumption will increase 62 percent, petroleum consumption will increase 33 percent, and coal consumption will increase 22 percent. The U.S. Geological Survey provides the objective scientific information our society needs for sound decisions regarding land management, environmental quality, and economic, energy, and strategic policy.

26 CFR 1.871-7 - Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business. 1.871-7 Section 1.871-7 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Corporations § 1.871-7 Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business. (a) Imposition...

26 CFR 1.871-7 - Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business. 1.871-7 Section 1.871-7 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Foreign Corporations § 1.871-7 Taxation of nonresident alien individuals not engaged in U.S. business. (a...

Mercury in stream ecosystems -- New studies initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brigham, Mark E.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Hamilton, Pixie A.

2003-01-01

Mercury can adversely affect humans and wildlife through consumption of contaminated fish, particularly by sensitive individuals, such as children and women of childbearing age. Mercury is currently the leading cause of impairment in the Nation’s estuaries and lakes and was cited in nearly 80 percent of fish-consumption advisories (2,242 of 2,838) reported by states in 2000. The geographic extent of mercury advisories covers more than 10 million acres of lakes and more than 400,000 stream miles—increases of about 7 and 48 percent, respectively, over advisories reported in 1998 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002a).

7. View into Building 802, front entry hall to "U" ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. View into Building 802, front entry hall to "U" turn. Light and shower spigot seen through chain-link fence, facing east. - Naval Air Station Fallon, 100-man Fallout Shelter, 800 Complex, off Carson Road near intersection of Pasture & Berney Roads, Fallon, Churchill County, NV

Dietary fat and weight gain among women in the Nurses' Health Study.

PubMed

Field, Alison E; Willett, Walter C; Lissner, Lauren; Colditz, Graham A

2007-04-01

To assess the association of dietary fat and weight gain among adult women and to investigate whether offspring of overweight parents have a greater predisposition to weight gain due to intake of dietary fat. This was an 8-year follow-up of 41,518 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), a population-based, prospective cohort. The women were 41 to 68 years of age, free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes in 1986 when "baseline" weight and diet were assessed. Eight years later (1994), changes in weight and dietary intake were assessed. Linear regression models were used to relate change in weight to fat intake and change in fat intake, using the percentage of energy from carbohydrate as the comparison, adjusted for age, BMI in 1986, leisure time physical activity, time spent sitting, percent of calories from protein, and change in percentage of calories from protein. Overall, there was a weak positive association between total fat intake (beta=0.11) and weight gain. Increases in monosaturated and polyunsaturated fat were not associated with weight gain, but increases in animal fat, saturated fat, and trans fat had a positive association with weight change. There was not strong evidence of effect modification by parental weight status (p=0.7 to 0.8 for percentage of calories from total fat, animal fat, and vegetable fat); however, the associations were stronger among the overweight compared with leaner women (p<0.05 for percentage of calories from each type of fat). Among overweight women, for every one percentage increase in percentage of calories from trans fat, women gained an additional 2.3 lb (95% confidence interval, 1.80 to 2.86). Our results show that, overall, percent of calories from fat has only a weak positive association with weight gain; however, percentage of calories from animal, saturated, and trans fat has stronger associations. There was no clear evidence that the diet-weight gain association was stronger among offspring of overweight

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Highlights from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

assault, sexual harassment , and gender discrimination in the military. The resulting study, the RAND Military Workplace Study (RMWS), invited close to...members are highlighted in this brief. Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military HigHligHts from tHe 2014 rAND militAry WorkplAce stuDy...significantly higher rates than men : 22 percent of women and 7 percent of men experienced sexual harassment in the past year. In addition, we estimate

7 CFR 51.2284 - Size classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: “Halves”, “Pieces and Halves”, “Pieces” or “Small Pieces”. The size of portions of kernels in the lot... consists of 85 percent or more, by weight, half kernels, and the remainder three-fourths half kernels. (See § 51.2285.) (b) Pieces and halves. Lot consists of 20 percent or more, by weight, half kernels, and the...

Smoking and body weight as markers of fitness for duty among U.S. military personnel.

PubMed

Haddock, C Keith; Pyle, Sara A; Poston, Walker S C; Bray, Robert M; Stein, Risa J

2007-05-01

Both tobacco and overweight present serious threats to public health. Although the military has targeted both health issues, only weight status is included in tests of fitness. This study contrasted the relative utility of body weight and smoking as markers for fitness for duty. Using data from the 2002 Department of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors among Military Personnel (N = 12,149; 24.7% female), troops were categorized according to weight (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese) and smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker). Logistic models were developed to examine the usefulness of smoking status and weight status as predictors of items assessing four domains of military fitness for duty, namely, physical health, mental health, substance abuse, and legal problems. Smoking status was a consistent and strong predictor of items within all four fitness domains. In contrast, weight status was not a consistent predictor of fitness. The military should consider adding smoking status to assessments of military fitness. Also, given that underweight and not overweight status predicted negative outcomes among military members, the services should consider revising their weight status fitness standards.

7 CFR 51.1863 - Standard weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... net weight of 15 pounds (6.80 kg) or more, the net weight of the contents shall not be less than the...

7 CFR 51.1863 - Standard weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... net weight of 15 pounds (6.80 kg) or more, the net weight of the contents shall not be less than the...

7 CFR 51.1863 - Standard weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... net weight of 15 pounds (6.80 kg) or more, the net weight of the contents shall not be less than the...

7 CFR 51.2111 - U.S. No. 1 Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... dried, and which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, particles and dust... allowed for glass and metal; (3) For particles and dust. 1 percent; and (4) For other defects. 5 percent...

7 CFR 51.2111 - U.S. No. 1 Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... dried, and which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, particles and dust... allowed for glass and metal; (3) For particles and dust. 1 percent; and (4) For other defects. 5 percent...

7 CFR 51.2109 - U.S. Standard Sheller Run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and free from... glass and metal; (e) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10 percent); and, (f) For other...

7 CFR 51.2109 - U.S. Standard Sheller Run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and free from... glass and metal; (e) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10 percent); and, (f) For other...

Longitudinal Trim and Tumble Characteristics of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane, TED NO. NACA DE311

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryant, Robert L.

1948-01-01

Based on results of longitudinal trim and tumble tests of a 0.057-scale model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 airplane, the following conclusions regarding the trim and tumble characteristics of the airplane have been drawn: 1. The airplane will not trim at any unusual or uncontrolled angles of attack. 2. The airplane will not tumble with the center of gravity located forward of 24 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord. When the center of gravity is located at 24 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord and slats are extended and elevators are deflected full up, the airplane may tumble if given an external positive pitching moment. 3. The tumbling motion obtained will be readily terminated by deflecting the elevators full down so as to oppose the rotation. 4. The accelerations encountered during an established tumble may be dangerous to the pilot and, therefore, action should be taken to terminate a tumble immediately upon its inception. 5. Simultaneous opening of two wing-tip parachutes having diameters of 4 feet or larger and having drag coefficients of approximately 0.7 will effectively terminate the tumble. 6. Model results indicate that the pilot will not be struck by the airplane if it becomes necessary to leave the airplane during a tumble. The pilot may require aid from an ejection-seat arrangement.

7 CFR 51.2109 - U.S. Standard Sheller Run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., doubles, split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and free from damage caused by chipped and scratched... percent (0.20 percent). No part of this percentage shall be allowed for glass and metal; (e) For particles...

7 CFR 51.1177 - U.S. Grade A Juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... per standard packed box of 13/5 bushels. (b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not less than 9 percent total soluble solids, and not less than one-half of 1 percent anhydrous citric...

A 99 percent purity molecular sieve oxygen generator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, G. W.

1991-01-01

Molecular sieve oxygen generating systems (MSOGS) have become the accepted method for the production of breathable oxygen on military aircraft. These systems separate oxygen for aircraft engine bleed air by application of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology. Oxygen is concentrated by preferential adsorption in nitrogen in a zeolite molecular sieve. However, the inability of current zeolite molecular sieves to discriminate between oxygen and argon results in an oxygen purity limitations of 93-95 percent (both oxygen and argon concentrate). The goal was to develop a new PSA process capable of exceeding the present oxygen purity limitations. A novel molecular sieve oxygen concentrator was developed which is capable of generating oxygen concentrations of up to 99.7 percent directly from air. The process is comprised of four absorbent beds, two containing a zeolite molecular sieve and two containing a carbon molecular sieve. This new process may find use in aircraft and medical breathing systems, and industrial air separation systems. The commercial potential of the process is currently being evaluated.

Examining behavioral processes through which lifestyle interventions promote weight loss: results from PREMIER.

PubMed

Fitzpatrick, Stephanie L; Bandeen-Roche, Karen; Stevens, Victor J; Coughlin, Janelle W; Rubin, Richard R; Brantley, Phillip J; Funk, Kristine L; Svetkey, Laura P; Jerome, Gerald J; Dalcin, Arlene; Charleston, Jeanne; Appel, Lawrence J

2014-04-01

To examine the behavioral processes through which lifestyle interventions impacted weight loss. The analyses were limited to overweight and obese Black and White adults randomized to a PREMIER lifestyle intervention (N = 501). Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the direct and indirect relationships of session attendance, days of self-monitoring diet and exercise, change in diet composition and exercise, and 6-month weight change. Greater session attendance was associated with increased self-monitoring, which was in turn significantly related to reduction in percent energy from total fat consumed. Change in percent energy from fat and self-monitoring was associated with 6-month percent change in weight. Both a decrease in fat intake and increase in self-monitoring are potential mediators of the relationship between attendance and weight change. The findings provide a reasonable model that suggests regular session attendance and use of behavioral strategies like self-monitoring are associated with improved behavioral outcomes that are associated with weight loss. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.

Gender and genetic contributions to weight identity among adolescents and young adults in the U.S.

PubMed

Wedow, Robbee; Briley, Daniel A; Short, Susan E; Boardman, Jason D

2016-09-01

In this paper, we investigate the possibility that genetic variation contributes to self-perceived weight status among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. Using samples of identical and fraternal twins across four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) study, we calculate heritability estimates for objective body mass index (BMI) that are in line with previous estimates. We also show that perceived weight status is heritable (h(2) ∼ 0.47) and most importantly that this trait continues to be heritable above and beyond objective BMI (h(2) ∼ 0.25). We then demonstrate significant sex differences in the heritability of weight identity across the four waves of the study, where h(2)women = 0.39, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.50 for each wave, respectively, and h(2)men = 0.10, 0.10, 0.23, and 0.03. These results call for a deeper consideration of both identity and gender in genetics research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strontium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ober, J.A.

2013-01-01

In 2012, U.S. apparent consumption of strontium (contained in celestite and manufactured strontium compounds) decreased to 16.7 kt (18,400 st) from 17.3 kt (19,100 st) in 2011. Gross weight of imports was 34.3 kt (37,800 st), 86 percent of which originated in Mexico.

Effects of breastfeeding on weight loss and recovery of pregestational weight in adolescent and adult mothers.

PubMed

Sámano, Reyna; Martínez-Rojano, Hugo; Godínez Martínez, Estela; Sánchez Jiménez, Bernarda; Villeda Rodríguez, Gilda Paulina; Pérez Zamora, Julieta; Casanueva, Esther

2013-06-01

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in adolescent mothers has been associated with greater postpartum maternal weight loss. To assess the associations between EBF and weight loss in adolescent and adult mothers and between EBF and weight and length gain of their children. A cohort of 68 adolescent mothers (15 to 19 years), 64 adult mothers (20 to 29 years), and their infants were studied. Anthropometric measurements were performed at 15, 90, 180, and 365 days postpartum in the mothers and children. EBF was defined as consumption of human milk without supplementation of any type (water, juice, nonhuman milk, or food) for 4 months. Sixty-five percent of mothers sustained EBF for 4 months. There were no significant differences in the weight or length of the infants of adolescent and adult mothers at 365 days postpartum. Among infants of adult mothers, there was a significant difference between the weight gain of those were exclusively breastfed and those who were not exclusively breastfed (6,498 +/- 1,060 vs 6,096 +/- 1,035 g, p < .050) at 365 days postpartum, according to the parameters for weight gain and length established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among both adult and adolescent mothers, those who practiced EBF lost more weight than those who did not practice EBF (-2.9 kg, 95% interquartile range, -5.7 to 0.8 kg, vs -1.8 kg 95% interquartile range -2.8 to 2.2 kg; p = .004). Gestational weight gain, duration of EBF, and recovery menstruation explained 21% of the variance (F = 28.184, p = .001) in change in postpartum maternal weight (in kilograms) from 0 to 365 days postpartum in all mothers. Pregestational weight, duration of EBF, and maternal age were factors that explained 14% (F = 22.759, p = .001) of the change in the weight and length of the infants from 0 to 365 days of life. EBF in adolescent and adult mothers influences postpartum weight loss and provides adequate infant growth in accordance with the WHO 2006 standards.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine for weight control in the United States.

PubMed

Sharpe, Patricia A; Blanck, Heidi M; Williams, Joel E; Ainsworth, Barbara E; Conway, Joan M

2007-03-01

The purpose was to assess the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight control. A list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of adults was conducted in the fall of 2002 (n = 11,211). The focus of the study was complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, other than dietary supplements, in the previous 12 months. The sample of respondents was drawn from the total noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population residing in telephone-equipped locations. The sampling procedures were designed to obtain adequate representation of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black respondents. Data from the total sample of 11,211 were weighted to achieve an estimate of the U.S. population. Analyses focused on 372 people who had used CAM within the previous 12 months. Of the total, 3.3% (n = 372) had used a CAM therapy in the previous 12 months. Higher adjusted odds ratios for CAM use were found among respondents who were exercising for weight control; using a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet; using a nonprescription weight-loss product(s); overweight; physically active; and not satisfied with one's body (adjusted for age, race, gender, education, and city size). The most often used therapies were yoga (57.4%), meditation (8.2%), acupuncture (7.7%), massage (7.5%), and Eastern martial arts (5.9%). CAM users used CAM therapies on their own (62.6%), in a group setting (26.8%) or with a CAM practitioner (10.6%). The use of CAM therapies other than dietary supplements for weight loss was relatively low. The most popular therapy was yoga, and the majority of CAM users used CAM therapies on their own. Persons who had used other weight loss methods had greater odds for using CAM in the previous 12 months, suggesting that CAM use is often added to other weight-loss strategies.

Does psychosocial stress explain socioeconomic inequities in 9-year weight gain among young women?

PubMed

Ball, Kylie; Schoenaker, Danielle A J M; Mishra, Gita D

2017-06-01

This study investigated the contribution of psychosocial stress to mediating inequities in weight gain by educational status in a large cohort of young Australian women over a 9-year follow-up. This observational cohort study used survey data drawn from 4,806 women, aged 22 to 27 years at baseline (2000), participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, who reported their education level (2000), perceived stress (2003), and weight (2003 and 2012). Using a causal inference framework based on counterfactuals for mediation analysis, we fitted linear or logistic regression models to examine the total effect, decomposed into natural direct and indirect effects via perceived stress, of education level (highest qualification completed: up to year 12/trade or diploma vs. university) on weight change. Women with lower education gained more weight over 9 years (6.1 kg, standard deviation [SD] 9.5) than women with higher education (3.8 kg, SD 7.7; P < 0.0001) and were more likely to be very or extremely stressed. The higher weight gain associated with low education was not mediated through perceived stress (per SD increase, percent mediated: 1.0%). Education-based inequities in weight gain over time were not attributable to greater psychosocial stress among women with lower education levels. © 2017 The Obesity Society.

Weight and Veterans' Environments Study (WAVES) I and II: Rationale, Methods, and Cohort Characteristics.

PubMed

Zenk, Shannon N; Tarlov, Elizabeth; Powell, Lisa M; Wing, Coady; Matthews, Stephen A; Slater, Sandy; Gordon, Howard S; Berbaum, Michael; Fitzgibbon, Marian L

2018-03-01

To present the rationale, methods, and cohort characteristics for 2 complementary "big data" studies of residential environment contributions to body weight, metabolic risk, and weight management program participation and effectiveness. Retrospective cohort. Continental United States. A total of 3 261 115 veterans who received Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care in 2009 to 2014, including 169 910 weight management program participants and a propensity score-derived comparison group. The VA MOVE! weight management program, an evidence-based lifestyle intervention. Body mass index, metabolic risk measures, and MOVE! participation; residential environmental attributes (eg, food outlet availability and walkability); and MOVE! program characteristics. Descriptive statistics presented on cohort characteristics and environments where they live. Forty-four percent of men and 42.8% of women were obese, whereas 4.9% of men and 9.9% of women engaged in MOVE!. About half of the cohort had at least 1 supermarket within 1 mile of their home, whereas they averaged close to 4 convenience stores (3.6 for men, 3.9 for women) and 8 fast-food restaurants (7.9 for men, 8.2 for women). Forty-one percent of men and 38.6% of women did not have a park, and 35.5% of men and 31.3% of women did not have a commercial fitness facility within 1 mile. Drawing on a large nationwide cohort residing in diverse environments, these studies are poised to significantly inform policy and weight management program design.

Weighing every day matters: daily weighing improves weight loss and adoption of weight control behaviors.

PubMed

Steinberg, Dori M; Bennett, Gary G; Askew, Sandy; Tate, Deborah F

2015-04-01

Daily weighing is emerging as the recommended self-weighing frequency for weight loss. This is likely because it improves adoption of weight control behaviors. To examine whether weighing every day is associated with greater adoption of weight control behaviors compared with less frequent weighing. Longitudinal analysis of a previously conducted 6-month randomized controlled trial. Overweight men and women in Chapel Hill, NC, participated in the intervention arm (N=47). The intervention focused on daily weighing for weight loss using an e-scale that transmitted weights to a study website, along with weekly e-mailed lessons and tailored feedback on daily weighing adherence and weight loss progress. We gathered objective data on self-weighing frequency from the e-scales. At baseline and 6 months, weight change was measured in the clinic and weight control behaviors (total items=37), dietary strategies, and calorie expenditure from physical activity were assessed via questionnaires. Calorie intake was assessed using an online 24-hour recall tool. We used χ(2) tests to examine variation in discrete weight control behaviors and linear regression models to examine differences in weight, dietary strategies, and calorie intake and expenditure by self-weighing frequency. Fifty-one percent of participants weighed every day (n=24) over 6 months. The average self-weighing frequency among those weighing less than daily (n=23) was 5.4±1.2 days per week. Daily weighers lost significantly more weight compared with those weighing less than daily (mean difference=-6.1 kg; 95% CI -10.2 to -2.1; P=0.004). The total number of weight control behaviors adopted was greater among daily weighers (17.6±7.6 vs 11.2±6.4; P=0.004). There were no differences by self-weighing frequency in dietary strategies, calorie intake, or calorie expenditure. Weighing every day led to greater adoption of weight control behaviors and produced greater weight loss compared with weighing most days of the

Association between cesarean delivery rate and body mass index.

PubMed

Berendzen, Jodi A; Howard, Bobby C

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cesarean delivery rate and body mass index (BMI) for the patient population served by the University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville, TN. A retrospective, cohort study was conducted using the perinatal birthlog fromJanuary 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. The database totaled 2,399 women. Women who delivered > or = 23 weeks gestational age were included. Those missing data imperative to our study (height, weight, mode of delivery) were excluded. Thus, our study included 2,235 women. Cesarean delivery rate was calculated for each of the five BMI categories. Univariate analysis using Chi square, Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used to describe associations between body mass index, mode of delivery and other independent variables. Additional analyses were made on the subset of nulliparous women. Using prepregnancy BMI, 6.7 percent of our population was underweight, 44.3 percent normal weight, 22.6 percent overweight, 20.6 percent obese, and 5.8 percent morbidly obese. The overall cesarean delivery rate was 36.2 percent. Twenty-six percent of underweight and 31.4 percent of normal weight women required cesarean delivery, while 39.1 percent of overweight, 40.8 percent of obese and 56.6 percent of morbidly obese women required cesarean delivery. In addition to cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders (OR 3.29; 95% CI 2.51-4.31) and diabetes (OR 5.27; 95% CI 3.73-7.44) complicated significantly more pregnancies of obese women than normal weight women. There was an increased rate of cesarean delivery as BMI increased. Increased BMI is also associated with other pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders and diabetes.

7 CFR 51.2111 - U.S. No. 1 Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds. 1 percent; (2) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0...

7 CFR 51.2111 - U.S. No. 1 Pieces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds. 1 percent; (2) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0...

An Investigation of Fitness and Health Parameters in a U.S. Navy Population.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-30

body weight by percent fat, i-4 0- -1-4 r_4 0% 0 0 14 0% r- r’- 0 co 0 0 0o 01 07 0 0 0 0 0o 0 0 0 0D 0 w 0 0% N r4 r 0 0 0 0W1 - % 0 0 a 00 cn n UI m ...4 - H- r, .*r m 4% IT GoJ en 1-4 %0 %0 𔃺 0% C14 4% H 00 w ~ r ci 1 -4 C𔃾 C14 Go -T IT .t~Z -4 _.? %%~ 0 C𔃾 0 en U, .- 1 c1 en M ~ u, P W q 0% 𔃺...T 0 0~4 co 𔃺 ON 0% 4% cli enJ _.T 4- U 0 L, -.t 00 o en 00 %0 0 C l *q r 0% 14 r_ %0 a% 0 m - %D 0% r, U, 0 0, r1 % 0I %a~~ ~ ~ Ln .-4 0%1 0%W % 1 V 0

Engineered U7 snRNA mediates sustained splicing correction in erythroid cells from β-thalassemia/HbE patients.

PubMed

Preedagasamzin, Sarinthip; Nualkaew, Tiwaporn; Pongrujikorn, Tanjitti; Jinawath, Natini; Kole, Ryszard; Fucharoen, Suthat; Jearawiriyapaisarn, Natee; Svasti, Saovaros

2018-04-30

Repair of a splicing defect of β-globin pre-mRNA harboring hemoglobin E (HbE) mutation was successfully accomplished in erythroid cells from patients with β-thalassemia/HbE disorder by a synthetic splice-switching oligonucleotide (SSO). However, its application is limited by short-term effectiveness and requirement of lifelong periodic administration of SSO, especially for chronic diseases like thalassemias. Here, we engineered lentiviral vectors that stably express U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) carrying the splice-switching sequence of the SSO that restores correct splicing of β E -globin pre-mRNA and achieves a long-term therapeutic effect. Using a two-step tiling approach, we systematically screened U7 snRNAs carrying splice-switching SSO sequences targeted to the cryptic 5' splice site created by HbE mutation. We tested this approach and identified the most responsive element for mediating splicing correction in engineered U7 snRNAs in HeLa-β E cell model cell line. Remarkably, the U7 snRNA lentiviral vector (U7 βE4+1) targeted to this region effectively restored the correctly-spliced β E -globin mRNA for at least 5 months. Moreover, the effects of the U7 βE4+1 snRNA lentiviral vector were also evident as upregulation of the correctly-spliced β E -globin mRNA in erythroid progenitor cells from β-thalassemia/HbE patients treated with the vector, which led to improvements of pathologies in erythroid progenitor cells from thalassemia patients. These results suggest that the splicing correction of β E -globin pre-mRNA by the engineered U7 snRNA lentiviral vector provides a promising, long-term treatment for β-thalassemia/HbE. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Beyond Marbles: Percent Change and Social Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denny, Flannery

2013-01-01

In the author's eighth year of teaching, she hit a wall teaching percent change. Percent change is one of the few calculations taught in math classes that shows up regularly in the media, and one that she often does in her head to make sense of the world around her. Despite this, she had been teaching percent change using textbook problems about…

Effect of molecular weight and concentration of legume condensed tannins on in vitro larval migration inhibition of Haemonchus contortus.

PubMed

Naumann, H D; Armstrong, S A; Lambert, B D; Muir, J P; Tedeschi, L O; Kothmann, M M

2014-01-17

The effect of molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) from a variety of warm-season perennial legumes commonly consumed by sheep and goats on anthelmintic activity has not been previously explored. The objectives of this study were to determine if molecular weight of CT from warm-season perennial legumes could predict the biological activity of CT relative to anthelmintic activity against ivermectin resistant L3 stage Haemonchus contortus (HC) using a larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. A second objective was to determine if CT from warm-season perennial legumes possess anthelmintic properties against L3 stage (HC). Lespedeza stuevei had the greatest concentration of total condensed tannin (TCT; 11.7%), whereas, with the exception of Arachis glabrata, a CT-free negative control, Leucaena retusa had the least TCT (3.3%). Weight-average molecular weight of CT ranged from 552 Da for L. stuevei to 1483 Da for Lespedeza cuneata. The treatments demonstrating the greatest percent LMI were L. retusa, L. stuevei and Acacia angustissima var. hirta (65.4%, 63.1% and 42.2%, respectively). The ivermectin treatment had the smallest percent LMI (12.5%) against ivermectin resistant L3 HC. There was a weak correlation (R(2)=0.34; P=0.05) between CT MW and percent LMI, suggesting that molecular weight of CT is a weak contributing factor to CT biological activity as it relates to LMI of L3 stage HC. L. stuevei, L. retusa and A. angustissima var. hirta STP5 warrant further evaluation of anthelmintic properties in vivo. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The obesity paradox, weight loss, and coronary disease.

PubMed

Lavie, Carl J; Milani, Richard V; Artham, Surya M; Patel, Dharmendrakumar A; Ventura, Hector O

2009-12-01

Because obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor but is associated with a more favorable prognosis among cohorts of cardiac patients, we assessed this "obesity paradox" in overweight and obese patients with coronary heart disease enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training (CRET) program, making this assessment in patients classified as overweight/obese using both traditional body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat assessments. Additionally, we assessed the efficacy and safety of purposeful weight loss in overweight and obese coronary patients. We retrospectively studied 529 consecutive CRET patients following major coronary events before and after CRET, and compared baseline and post program data in 393 overweight and obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > or =25 kg/m(2)) divided by median weight change (median=-1.5%; mean +2% vs -5%, respectively). In addition, we assessed 3-year total mortality in various baseline BMI categories as well as compared mortality in those with high baseline percent fat (>25% in men and >35% in women) versus those with low baseline fat. Following CRET, the overweight and obese with greater weight loss had improvements in BMI (-5%; P <.0001), percent fat (-8%; P <.0001), peak oxygen consumption (+16%; P <.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-5%; P <.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+10%; P <.0001), triglycerides (-17%; P <.0001), C-reactive protein (-40%; P <.0001), and fasting glucose (-4%; P=.02), as well as marked improvements in behavioral factors and quality-of-life scores. Those with lower weight loss had no significant improvements in percent fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and fasting glucose. During 3-year follow-up, overall mortality trended only slightly lower in those with baseline overweightness/obesity who had more weight loss (3.1% vs 5.1%; P=.30). However, total mortality was considerably lower in the baseline overweight/obese (BMI > or =25

Trial for Reducing Weight Retention in New Mums: a randomised controlled trial evaluating a low intensity, postpartum weight management programme.

PubMed

Wilkinson, S A; van der Pligt, P; Gibbons, K S; McIntyre, H D

2015-01-01

Failure to return to pregnancy weight by 6 months postpartum is associated with long-term obesity, as well as adverse health outcomes. This research evaluated a postpartum weight management programme for women with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg m(-2) that combined behaviour change principles and a low-intensity delivery format with postpartum nutrition information. Women were randomised at 24-28 weeks to control (supported care; SC) or intervention (enhanced care; EC) groups, stratified by BMI cohort. At 36 weeks of gestation, SC women received a 'nutrition for breastfeeding' resource and EC women received a nutrition assessment and goal-setting session about post-natal nutrition, plus a 6-month correspondence intervention requiring return of self-monitoring sheets. Weight change, anthropometry, diet, physical activity, breastfeeding, fasting glucose and insulin measures were assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Seventy-seven percent (40 EC and 41 SC) of the 105 women approached were recruited; 36 EC and 35 SC women received a programme and 66.7% and 48.6% completed the study, respectively. No significant differences were observed between any outcomes. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] weight change was EC: -1.1 (9.5) kg versus SC: -1.1 (7.5) kg (6 weeks to 6 months) and EC: +1.0 (8.7) kg versus SC: +2.3 (9) kg (prepregnancy to 6 months). Intervention women breastfed for half a month longer than control women (180 versus 164 days; P = 0.10). An average of 2.3 out of six activity sheets per participant was returned. Despite low intervention engagement, the high retention rate suggests this remains an area of interest to women. Future strategies must facilitate women's engagement, be individually tailored, and include features that support behaviour change to decrease women's risk of chronic health issues. © 2013 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

A time-efficient acquisition protocol for multipurpose diffusion-weighted microstructural imaging at 7 Tesla.

PubMed

Sepehrband, Farshid; O'Brien, Kieran; Barth, Markus

2017-12-01

Several diffusion-weighted MRI techniques have been developed and validated during the past 2 decades. While offering various neuroanatomical inferences, these techniques differ in their proposed optimal acquisition design, preventing clinicians and researchers benefiting from all potential inference methods, particularly when limited time is available. This study reports an optimal design that enables for a time-efficient diffusion-weighted MRI acquisition scheme at 7 Tesla. The primary audience of this article is the typical end user, interested in diffusion-weighted microstructural imaging at 7 Tesla. We tested b-values in the range of 700 to 3000 s/mm 2 with different number of angular diffusion-encoding samples, against a data-driven "gold standard." The suggested design is a protocol with b-values of 1000 and 2500 s/mm 2 , with 25 and 50 samples, uniformly distributed over two shells. We also report a range of protocols in which the results of fitting microstructural models to the diffusion-weighted data had high correlation with the gold standard. We estimated minimum acquisition requirements that enable diffusion tensor imaging, higher angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging, neurite orientation dispersion, and density imaging and white matter tract integrity across whole brain with isotropic resolution of 1.8 mm in less than 11 min. Magn Reson Med 78:2170-2184, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

The effects of changing exercise levels on weight and age-relatedweight gain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, Paul T.; Wood, Peter D.

2004-06-01

To determine prospectively whether physical activity canprevent age-related weight gain and whether changing levels of activityaffect body weight. DESIGN/SUBJECTS: The study consisted of 8,080 maleand 4,871 female runners who completed two questionnaires an average(+/-standard deviation (s.d.)) of 3.20+/-2.30 and 2.59+/-2.17 yearsapart, respectively, as part of the National Runners' Health Study.RESULTS: Changes in running distance were inversely related to changes inmen's and women's body mass indices (BMIs) (slope+/-standard error(s.e.): -0.015+/-0.001 and -0.009+/-0.001 kg/m(2) per Deltakm/week,respectively), waist circumferences (-0.030+/-0.002 and -0.022+/-0.005 cmper Deltakm/week, respectively) and percent changes in body weight(-0.062+/-0.003 and -0.041+/-0.003 percent per Deltakm/week,respectively, all P<0.0001). The regression slopes were significantlysteepermore » (more negative) in men than women for DeltaBMI and Deltapercentbody weight (P<0.0001). A longer history of running diminishedthe impact of changing running distance on men's weights. When adjustedfor Deltakm/week, years of aging in men and years of aging in women wereassociated with increases of 0.066+/-0.005 and 0.056+/-0.006 kg/m(2) inBMI, respectively, increases of 0.294+/-0.019 and 0.279+/-0.028 percentin Delta percentbody weight, respectively, and increases of 0.203+/-0.016and 0.271+/-0.033 cm in waist circumference, respectively (allP<0.0001). These regression slopes suggest that vigorous exercise mayneed to increase 4.4 km/week annually in men and 6.2 km/week annually inwomen to compensate for the expected gain in weight associated with aging(2.7 and 3.9 km/week annually when correct for the attenuation due tomeasurement error). CONCLUSIONS: Age-related weight gain occurs evenamong the most active individuals when exercise is constant.Theoretically, vigorous exercise must increase significantly with age tocompensate for the expected gain in weight associated withaging.« less

Contextual factors and weight change over time: a comparison between U.S. Hispanics and other population sub-groups.

PubMed

Ullmann, S Heidi; Goldman, Noreen; Pebley, Anne R

2013-08-01

In recent decades there has been an increasing interest in understanding the role of social and physical contexts in influencing health behaviors and outcomes. This is especially true for weight, which is considered to be highly dependent on environmental factors. The evidence linking neighborhood characteristics to weight in the United States, however, is mixed. Many studies in this area are hampered by cross sectional designs and a limited scope, insofar as they investigate only one dimension of neighborhood context. It is also unclear to what extent neighborhood characteristics account for racial/ethnic disparities in weight. Using longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), we compare patterns of weight change between Hispanics and other racial and ethnic groups in order to evaluate whether we observe a pattern of unhealthy assimilation in weight among Hispanic immigrants and to identify differences in the rate at which different groups gain weight over time. We also explore the extent to which patterns of weight change are related to a wider range of community characteristics. We find that weight increases across all groups between the two study waves of L.A. FANS and that the increases are significant except for Asians/Pacific Islanders. With respect to differences in the pace of weight change, second and higher generation Hispanic women and black men gain weight more rapidly than their first generation Hispanic counterparts. Although the evidence presented indicates that first generation Hispanics gain weight, we do not find evidence for convergence in weight since the U.S.-born gain weight at a more rapid rate. The inclusion of community-level variables does not alter the relationships between the race, ethnicity, and immigrant generation categories and weight change. Of the six types of community characteristics considered, only collective efficacy is consistently and significantly associated with weight change

Contextual factors and weight change over time: a comparison between U.S. Hispanics and other population sub-groups

PubMed Central

Ullmann, S. Heidi; Goldman, Noreen; Pebley, Anne R.

2013-01-01

In recent decades there has been an increasing interest in understanding the role of social and physical contexts in influencing health behaviors and outcomes. This is especially true for weight, which is considered to be highly dependent on environmental factors. The evidence linking neighborhood characteristics to weight in the United States, however, is mixed. Many studies in this area are hampered by cross sectional designs and a limited scope, insofar as they investigate only one dimension of neighborhood context. It is also unclear to what extent neighborhood characteristics account for racial/ethnic disparities in weight. Using longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), we compare patterns of weight change between Hispanics and other racial and ethnic groups in order to evaluate whether we observe a pattern of unhealthy assimilation in weight among Hispanic immigrants and to identify differences in the rate at which different groups gain weight over time. We also explore the extent to which patterns of weight change are related to a wider range of community characteristics. We find that weight increases across all groups between the two study waves of L.A. FANS and that the increases are significant except for Asian/Pacific Islanders. With respect to differences in the pace of weight change, second and higher generation Hispanic women and black men gain weight more rapidly than their first generation Hispanic counterparts. Although the evidence presented indicates that first generation Hispanics gain weight, we do not find evidence for convergence in weight since the U.S.-born gain weight at a more rapid rate. The inclusion of community-level variables does not alter the relationships between the race, ethnicity, and immigrant generation categories and weight change. Of the six types of community characteristics considered, only collective efficacy is consistently and significantly associated with weight change

Anthropometric, metabolic, psychosocial and dietary factors associated with dropout in overweight and obese postmenopausal women engaged in a 6-month weight loss programme: a MONET study.

PubMed

Messier, Virginie; Hayek, Jessy; Karelis, Antony D; Messier, Lyne; Doucet, Eric; Prud'homme, Denis; Rabasa-Lhoret, Rémi; Strychar, Irene

2010-04-01

The objective of the present study was to examine anthropometric, metabolic, psychosocial and dietary factors associated with dropout in a 6-month weight loss intervention aimed at reducing body weight by 10 %. The study sample included 137 sedentary, overweight and obese postmenopausal women, participating in a weight loss intervention that consisted of either energy restriction (ER) or ER with resistance training (ER+RT). Anthropometric (BMI, percent lean body mass, percent fat mass, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference), metabolic (total energy expenditure, RMR, insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin), psychosocial (body esteem, self-esteem, stress, dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived benefits for controlling weight and perceived risk) and dietary (3-d food record) variables were measured. Thirty subjects out of 137 dropped out of the weight loss programme (22 %), with no significant differences in dropout rates between those in the ER and the ER+RT groups. Overall, amount of weight loss was significantly lower in dropouts than in completers ( - 1.7 (sd 3.5) v. - 5.6 (sd 4.3) kg, P < 0.05); weekly weight loss during the first 4 weeks was also significantly lower. Dropouts consumed fewer fruit servings than completers (1.7 (sd 1.1) v. 2.7 (sd 1.53), P < 0.05) and had higher insulin sensitivity levels (12.6 (sd 3.8) v. 11.1 (sd 2.8) mg glucose/min per kg fat-free mass, P < 0.05). The present results suggest that the rate of weight loss during the first weeks of an intervention plays an important role in the completion of the programme. Thus, participants with low rates of initial weight loss should be monitored intensely to undertake corrective measures to increase the likelihood of completion.