The New Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fraser, Gordon

2006-04-01

Introduction Gordon Fraser; Part I. Matter and the Universe: 1. Cosmology Wendy Freedman and Rocky Kolb; 2. Gravity Ronald Adler; 3. Astrophysics Arnon Dar; 4. Particles and the standard model Chris Quigg; 5. Superstrings Michael Green; Part II. Quantum Matter: 6. Atoms and photons Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and Jean Dalibard; 7. The quantum world of ultra-cold atoms Christopher Foot and William Phillips; 8. Superfluidity Henry Hall; 9. Quantum phase transitions Subir Sachdev; Part III. Quanta in Action: 10. Quantum entanglement Anton Zeilinger; 11. Quanta, ciphers and computers Artur Ekert; 12. Small-scale structure and nanoscience Yoseph Imry; Part IV. Calculation and Computation: 13. Nonlinearity Henry Abarbanel; 14. Complexity Antonio Politi; 15. Collaborative physics, e-science and the grid Tony Hey and Anne Trefethen; Part V. Science in Action: 16. Biophysics Cyrus Safinya; 17. Medical physics Nicolaj Pavel; 18. Physics and materials Robert Cahn; 19. Physics and society Ugo Amaldi.

The New Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fraser, Gordon

2009-08-01

Introduction Gordon Fraser; Part I. Matter and the Universe: 1. Cosmology Wendy Freedman and Rocky Kolb; 2. Gravity Ronald Adler; 3. Astrophysics Arnon Dar; 4. Particles and the standard model Chris Quigg; 5. Superstrings Michael Green; Part II. Quantum Matter: 6. Atoms and photons Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and Jean Dalibard; 7. The quantum world of ultra-cold atoms Christopher Foot and William Phillips; 8. Superfluidity Henry Hall; 9. Quantum phase transitions Subir Sachdev; Part III. Quanta in Action: 10. Quantum entanglement Anton Zeilinger; 11. Quanta, ciphers and computers Artur Ekert; 12. Small-scale structure and nanoscience Yoseph Imry; Part IV. Calculation and Computation: 13. Nonlinearity Henry Abarbanel; 14. Complexity Antonio Politi; 15. Collaborative physics, e-science and the grid Tony Hey and Anne Trefethen; Part V. Science in Action: 16. Biophysics Cyrus Safinya; 17. Medical physics Nicolaj Pavel; 18. Physics and materials Robert Cahn; 19. Physics and society Ugo Amaldi.

EDITORIAL: Proceedings of the Sixth Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mio, N.

2006-03-01

This issue is published as the Proceedings of the 6th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, held on 20 24 June 2005 at Bankoku Shinryoukan in Okinawa, Japan. Since the first Amaldi conference was held in Frascati in 1994, eleven years have passed and the scale of the conference has grown with the increasing activity in the field of gravitational waves. As the centenary celebration of Einstein's `miracle year', 2005 was called `World Year of Physics'. Among his breakthroughs published in 1905, the special theory of relativity is recognized as the most significant revolution in physics, completely changing our views concerning time and space. Ten years later, Einstein proposed the general theory of relativity, by which he predicted the existence of gravitational waves (GWs). At that time, it was only a dream to observe a GW because its effect was so small. Efforts to detect GWs, pioneered by Weber, have continued for almost 40 years, yet their detection remained a dream. However, the presentations at this conference have convinced us that it is no longer a dream. The GW detector projects have made extraordinary advances; in particular, the significant sensitivity improvement of LIGO and the completion of the VIRGO detector mark the beginning of the new era of GW physics. Firm developments in theories and source estimations were also reported. In particular, the data analysis session was very active and various discussions were held. Elaborate experimental techniques were presented, some of them already achieving the requirements for the next generation of detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and LCGT. In addition to the earth-based detectors, many presentations concerning space detectors were contributed; they indicated that space would become the new stage for GW physics and astronomy. This issue brings together the papers which were presented at this exciting conference. The proceedings comprise two volumes; the largest part is published as a volume of

EDITORIAL: Proceedings of the 6th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Bankoku Shinryoukan, Okinawa, Japan, 20-24 June 2005 Proceedings of the 6th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Bankoku Shinryoukan, Okinawa, Japan, 20-24 June 2005

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mio, N.

2006-04-01

This issue is published as the Proceedings of the 6th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, held on 20-24 June 2005 at Bankoku Shinryoukan in Okinawa, Japan. Since the first Amaldi conference was held in Frascati in 1994, eleven years have passed and the scale of the conference has grown with the increasing activity in the field of gravitational waves. As the centenary celebration of Einstein's 'miracle year', 2005 was called 'World Year of Physics'. Among his breakthroughs published in 1905, the special theory of relativity is recognized as the most significant revolution in physics, completely changing our views concerning time and space. Ten years later, Einstein proposed the general theory of relativity, by which he predicted the existence of gravitational waves (GWs). At that time, it was only a dream to observe a GW because its effect was so small. Efforts to detect GWs, pioneered by Weber, have continued for almost 40 years, yet their detection remained a dream. However, the presentations at this conference have convinced us that it is no longer a dream. The GW detector projects have made extraordinary advances; in particular, the significant sensitivity improvement of LIGO and the completion of the VIRGO detector mark the beginning of the new era of GW physics. Firm developments in theories and source estimations were also reported. In particular, the data analysis session was very active and various discussions were held. Elaborate experimental techniques were presented, some of them already achieving the requirements for the next generation of detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and LCGT. In addition to the earth-based detectors, many presentations concerning space detectors were contributed; they indicated that space would become the new stage for GW physics and astronomy. This issue brings together the papers which were presented at this exciting conference. The proceedings comprise two volumes; the largest part is published as a volume of

A uniform geometrical optics and an extended uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for evaluating high frequency EM fields near smooth caustics and composite shadow boundaries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Constantinides, E. D.; Marhefka, R. J.

1994-01-01

A uniform geometrical optics (UGO) and an extended uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (EUTD) are developed for evaluating high frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields within transition regions associated with a two and three dimensional smooth caustic of reflected rays and a composite shadow boundary formed by the caustic termination or the confluence of the caustic with the reflection shadow boundary (RSB). The UGO is a uniform version of the classic geometrical optics (GO). It retains the simple ray optical expressions of classic GO and employs a new set of uniform reflection coefficients. The UGO also includes a uniform version of the complex GO ray field that exists on the dark side of the smooth caustic. The EUTD is an extension of the classic uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and accounts for the non-ray optical behavior of the UGO reflected field near caustics by using a two-variable transition function in the expressions for the edge diffraction coefficients. It also uniformly recovers the classic UTD behavior of the edge diffracted field outside the composite shadow boundary transition region. The approach employed for constructing the UGO/EUTD solution is based on a spatial domain physical optics (PO) radiation integral representation for the fields which is then reduced using uniform asymptotic procedures. The UGO/EUTD analysis is also employed to investigate the far-zone RCS problem of plane wave scattering from two and three dimensional polynomial defined surfaces, and uniform reflection, zero-curvature, and edge diffraction coefficients are derived. Numerical results for the scattering and diffraction from cubic and fourth order polynomial strips are also shown and the UGO/EUTD solution is validated by comparison to an independent moment method (MM) solution. The UGO/EUTD solution is also compared with the classic GO/UTD solution. The failure of the classic techniques near caustics and composite shadow boundaries is clearly

Gravitational Wave Experiments - Proceedings of the First Edoardo Amaldi Conference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coccia, E.; Pizzella, G.; Ronga, F.

1995-07-01

The Table of Contents for the full book PDF is as follows: * Foreword * Notes on Edoardo Amaldi's Life and Activity * PART I. INVITED LECTURES * Sources and Telescopes * Sources of Gravitational Radiation for Detectors of the 21st Century * Neutrino Telescopes * γ-Ray Bursts * Space Detectors * LISA — Laser Interferometer Space Antenna for Gravitational Wave Measurements * Search for Massive Coalescing Binaries with the Spacecraft ULYSSES * Interferometers * The LIGO Project: Progress and Prospects * The VIRGO Experiment: Status of the Art * GEO 600 — A 600-m Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Antenna * 300-m Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Detector (TAMA300) in Japan * Resonant Detectors * Search for Continuous Gravitational Wave from Pulsars with Resonant Detector * Operation of the ALLEGRO Detector at LSU * Preliminary Results of the New Run of Measurements with the Resonant Antenna EXPLORER * Operation of the Perth Cryogenic Resonant-Bar Gravitational Wave Detector * The NAUTILUS Experiment * Status of the AURIGA Gravitational Wave Antenna and Perspectives for the Gravitational Waves Search with Ultracryogenic Resonant Detectors * Ultralow Temperature Resonant-Mass Gravitational Radiation Detectors: Current Status of the Stanford Program * Electromechanical Transducers and Bandwidth of Resonant-Mass Gravitational-Wave Detectors * Fully Numerical Data Analysis for Resonant Gravitational Wave Detectors: Optimal Filter and Available Information * PART II. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS * Sources and Telescopes * The Local Supernova Production * Periodic Gravitational Signals from Galactic Pulsars * On a Possibility of Scalar Gravitational Wave Detection from the Binary Pulsars PSR 1913+16 * Kazan Gravitational Wave Detector “Dulkyn”: General Concept and Prospects of Construction * Hierarchical Approach to the Theory of Detection of Periodic Gravitational Radiation * Application of Gravitational Antennae for Fundamental Geophysical Problems * On

Sovereign Debt in Advanced Economies: Overview and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-28

the usefulness of that explanation. See Ugo Panizza , Federico Sturzenegger, and Jeromin Zettelmeyer, “The Economics and Law of Sovereign Debt and...Eduardo Borensztein and Ugo Panizza , The Costs of Sovereign Default, IMF Working Paper, WP/08/238, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08238...Lessons from a Decade of Crises (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007). 18 Barry Eichengreen, Ricardo Hausmann, and Ugo Panizza , Currency Mismatches, Debt

Switchable polarization in an unzipped graphene oxide monolayer.

PubMed

Noor-A-Alam, Mohammad; Shin, Young-Han

2016-08-14

Ferroelectricity in low-dimensional oxide materials is generally suppressed at the scale of a few nanometers, and has attracted considerable attention from both fundamental and technological aspects. Graphene is one of the thinnest materials (one atom thick). Therefore, engineering switchable polarization in non-polar pristine graphene could potentially lead to two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials. In the present study, based on density functional theory, we show that an unzipped graphene oxide (UGO) monolayer can exhibit switchable polarization due to its foldable bonds between the oxygen atom and two carbon atoms underneath the oxygen. We find that a free standing UGO monolayer exhibits antiferroelectric switchable polarization. A UGO monolayer can be obtained as an intermediate product during the chemical exfoliation process of graphene. Interestingly, despite its dimensionality, our estimated polarization in a UGO monolayer is comparable to that in bulk ferroelectric materials (e.g., ferroelectric polymers). Our calculations could help realize antiferroelectric switchable polarization in 2D materials, which could find various potential applications in nanoscale devices such as sensors, actuators, and capacitors with high energy-storage density.

Simulation of river plume behaviors in a tropical region: Case study of the Upper Gulf of Thailand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Xiaojie; Guo, Xinyu; Morimoto, Akihiko; Buranapratheprat, Anukul

2018-02-01

River plumes are a general phenomenon in coastal regions. Most previous studies focus on river plumes in middle and high latitudes with few studies examining those in low latitude regions. Here, we apply a numerical model to the Upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) to examine a river plume in low latitudes. Consistent with observational data, the modeled plume has seasonal variation dependent on monsoon conditions. During southwesterly monsoons, the plume extends northeastward to the head of the gulf; during northeasterly monsoons, it extends southwestward to the mouth of the gulf. To examine the effects of latitude, wind and river discharge on the river plume, we designed several numerical experiments. Using a middle latitude for the UGoT, the bulge close to the river mouth becomes smaller, the downstream current flows closer to the coast, and the salinity in the northern UGoT becomes lower. The reduction in the size of the bulge is consistent with the relationship between the offshore distance of a bulge and the Coriolis parameter. Momentum balance of the coastal current is maintained by advection, the Coriolis force, pressure gradient and internal stresses in both low and middle latitudes, with the Coriolis force and pressure gradient enlarged in the middle latitude. The larger pressure gradient in the middle latitude is induced by more offshore freshwater flowing with the coastal current, which induces lower salinity. The influence of wind on the river plume not only has the advection effects of changing the surface current direction and increasing the surface current speed, but also decreases the current speed due to enhanced vertical mixing. Changes in river discharge influence stratification in the UGoT but have little effect on the behavior of the river plume.

Transfer function control strategy of Subak rice field land and agricultural development in Denpasar city

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lanya, Indayati; Netera Subadiyasa, N.; Sardiana, Ketut; Putu Ratna Adi, Gst.

2017-01-01

The success of tourism development in Bali gave a negative impact on Subak rice fields, especially on land convertion over 2579 ha year-1 (2002-2013) to the area awakened. Denpasar city has lost rice fields 185 ha year-1 and six Subak, as well as potentially losing 10 Subak, as a result of the allocation of space in the region in the Spatial Planing. UNESCO, in 2012 the establishment of Subak as a cultural heritage. Most Subak rice fields designated as an Urban Green Open Space ( UGOS). Satellite image Iconos 2002, World 2015 View Coverage of Denpasar, and ArcGIS 10.3 software used for mapping the balance of rice field and violation of land use in the area of UGOS. The control strategy over the convertion of spatial land-based environment is done through zoning map. Land conversion of rice fields for 13 years (2002-2015) in Denpasar (572.76 ha), comes standard acreage of rice fields in 2015. Denpasar city has experienced of food deficits, even in the UGOS has awakened 96.04 ha (24.04 ha year-1). A period of 50 years into the future, rice fields which needs to be protected 872.83 ha, buffer area 984.77 ha, and can be converted 499.81 ha.

The Scientific Legacy of Ugo Fano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inokuti, Mitio

2001-04-01

In 1934 Fano received a Sc. D. degree in mathematics at University of Turin, Italy (the city of his birth in 1912). He was then led to physics by his cousin Guilio Racah, and received postdoctoral training from Fermi at Rome and from Heisenberg at Leipzig. He worked at institutions near Washington, D. C. during the war, and joined the staff of the National Bureau of Standards in 1946. He became a professor of physics at The University of Chicago in 1966. His contributions to radiation physics, atomic and molecular physics, and statistical physics are extensive and outstanding. Recognition includes many honors such as the Fermi Award by the DOE, and terms such as the Beutler-Fano profile of certain spectral lines, the Fano factor characterizing the fluctuations of the radiation-induced ionization, the Fano-Lichten mechanism for inelastic atomic collisions, and the Fano effect leading to spin-polarized photoelectrons. His work follows a style inherited from Fermi and is characterized by incisive insight into the physics behind experimental data, penetrating mathematical analysis, and close communications with many colleagues. Because he took a leading role in developing new areas of research and in nurturing young scientists, his influence now permeates many topics of physics. They include far uv and soft x-ray spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation and fundamental radiological physics, both stemming from his time at NBS, as well as multi-channel quantum-defect theory and hyperspherical-coordinate approach, both pioneered at Chicago. Fuller accounts of his life and science are seen in Inokuti [1], in Rau [2], and in a forthcoming special issue of Physics Essays in his honor. The present work is supported by U. S. DOE, Office of Science, Nuclear Physics Division, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. References 1. M. Inokuti, in Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics, J. S. Briggs et al. (eds.), (Plenum, New York, 1988), p. 1. 2. A. R. P. Rau, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 33, 181 (1997).

Kuipers in ATV3

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-15

ISS031-E-157790 (15 May 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 31 flight engineer, floats freely in ESA?s "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) currently docked with the International Space Station.

Kuipers works with Stowage in ATV3

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-15

ISS031-E-084591 (15 May 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 31 flight engineer, is pictured during cargo operations in ESA?s "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) currently docked with the International Space Station.

Burbank works in the ATV-3

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-31

ISS030-E-178667 (31 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander, works in the newly attached European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3). The ATV docked with the space station on March 28, 2012.

Kuipers uses drill in the ATV-3

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-31

ISS030-E-178670 (31 March 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 30 flight engineer, works in the newly attached European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3). The ATV docked with the space station on March 28, 2012.

Kuipers unpacks CTBs in the ATV-3

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-31

ISS030-E-178659 (31 March 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 30 flight engineer, unpacks stowage containers in the newly attached European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3). The ATV docked with the space station on March 28, 2012.

Pathfinder. Volume 8, Number 2, March/April 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

the Haiti Crisis Action Team ( CAT ) to coordinate the around-the- clock GEOINT response with NGA’s mission partners. Practicing the collaborative...The leader of the Haiti CAT , as the Americas NSG Operations Executive, enlisted the full gamut of available GEOINT. Employing UGO allowed decision

UT088 ATV docking_239C

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-28

ISS030-E-175366 (28 March 2012) --- European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) docks with the International Space Station, delivering 220 pounds of oxygen, 628 pounds of water, 4.5 tons of propellant, and nearly 2.5 tons of dry cargo, including experiment hardware, spare parts, food and clothing. Docking of the two spacecraft occurred at 6:31 p.m. (EDT) on March 28, 2012.

Synergistic Actions of Pyridostigmine Bromide and Insecticides on Muscle and Vascular Nociceptors

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

biceps femoris muscles (right hind limb; PAM, Ugo Basile ). To complement pressure pain testing, activity levels (movement distance, rest time) were...Permethrin on Skin, Muscle and Vascular Nociceptors During the brief course of the Gulf war, GW veterans were exposed to 13 or more pesticides (DOD...Environmental Exposure Report: Pesticides , 2003). Some of these pesticides have direct interactions with the pain system (pyrethroids: permethrin

Pions to Quarks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Laurie Mark; Dresden, Max; Hoddeson, Lillian

2009-01-01

Part I. Introduction; 1. Pions to quarks: particle physics in the 1950s Laurie M Brown, Max Dresden and Lillian Hoddeson; 2. Particle physics in the early 1950s Chen Ning Yang; 3. An historian's interest in particle physics J. L. Heilbron; Part II. Particle discoveries in cosmic rays; 4. Cosmic-ray cloud-chamber contributions to the discovery of the strange particles in the decade 1947-1957 George D. Rochester; 5. Cosmic-ray work with emulsions in the 1940s and 1950s Donald H. Perkins; Part III. High-energy nuclear physics; Learning about nucleon resonances with pion photoproduction Robert L. Walker; 7. A personal view of nucleon structure as revealed by electron scattering Robert Hofstadter; 8. Comments on electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon Robert G. Sachs and Kameshwar C. Wali; Part IV. The new laboratory; 9. The making of an accelerator physicist Matthew Sands; 10. Accelerator design and construction in the 1950s John P. Blewett; 11. Early history of the Cosmotron and AGS Ernest D. Courant; 12. Panel on accelerators and detectors in the 1950s Lawrence W. Jones, Luis W. Alvarez, Ugo Amaldi, Robert Hofstadter, Donald W. Kerst, Robert R. Wilson; 13. Accelerators and the Midwestern Universities Research Association in the 1950s Donald W. Kerst; 14. Bubbles, sparks and the postwar laboratory Peter Galison; 15. Development of the discharge (spark) chamber in Japan in the 1950s Shuji Fukui; 16. Early work at the Bevatron: a personal account Gerson Goldhaber; 17. The discovery of the antiproton Owen Chamberlain; 18. On the antiproton discovery Oreste Piccioni; Part V. The Strange Particles; 19. The hydrogen bubble chamber and the strange resonances Luis W. Alvarez; 20. A particular view of particle physics in the fifties Jack Steinberger; 21. Strange particles William Chinowsky; 22. Strange particles: production by Cosmotron beams as observed in diffusion cloud chambers William B. Fowler; 23. From the 1940s into the 1950s Abraham Pais; Part VI. Detection of the

Earth Observations taken by Expedition 30 crewmember

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-28

ISS030-E-179621 (28 March 2012) --- European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) approaches the International Space Station. The unmanned cargo spacecraft docked to the space station at 6:31 p.m. (EDT) on March 28, 2012, delivering 220 pounds of oxygen, 628 pounds of water, 4.5 tons of propellant, and nearly 2.5 tons of dry cargo, including experiment hardware, spare parts, food and clothing.

iss030e175647

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-28

ISS030-E-175647 (28 March 2012) --- European Space Agency?s ?Edoardo Amaldi? Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) approaches the International Space Station. The unmanned cargo spacecraft docked to the space station at 6:31 p.m. (EDT) on March 28, 2012, delivering 220 pounds of oxygen, 628 pounds of water, 4.5 tons of propellant, and nearly 2.5 tons of dry cargo, including experiment hardware, spare parts, food and clothing.

SLC25A46 is required for mitochondrial lipid homeostasis and cristae maintenance and is responsible for Leigh syndrome.

PubMed

Janer, Alexandre; Prudent, Julien; Paupe, Vincent; Fahiminiya, Somayyeh; Majewski, Jacek; Sgarioto, Nicolas; Des Rosiers, Christine; Forest, Anik; Lin, Zhen-Yuan; Gingras, Anne-Claude; Mitchell, Grant; McBride, Heidi M; Shoubridge, Eric A

2016-09-01

Mitochondria form a dynamic network that responds to physiological signals and metabolic stresses by altering the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial fusion is orchestrated by conserved GTPases MFN1/2 and OPA1, a process coordinated in yeast by Ugo1, a mitochondrial metabolite carrier family protein. We uncovered a homozygous missense mutation in SLC25A46, the mammalian orthologue of Ugo1, in a subject with Leigh syndrome. SLC25A46 is an integral outer membrane protein that interacts with MFN2, OPA1, and the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. The subject mutation destabilizes the protein, leading to mitochondrial hyperfusion, alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology, impaired cellular respiration, and premature cellular senescence. The MICOS complex is disrupted in subject fibroblasts, resulting in strikingly abnormal mitochondrial architecture, with markedly shortened cristae. SLC25A46 also interacts with the ER membrane protein complex EMC, and phospholipid composition is altered in subject mitochondria. These results show that SLC25A46 plays a role in a mitochondrial/ER pathway that facilitates lipid transfer, and link altered mitochondrial dynamics to early-onset neurodegenerative disease and cell fate decisions. © 2016 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

Easing the Arctic Tension: An Economic Solution

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

much power as possible to both serve as a deterrent from potential attack as well as to protect themselves if attacked.23 Realists such as John J ...determine their circumstances and fate.” 22 Hans J . Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace (New York: Alfred A . Knopf...for the state, 115 Ugo Bardi , "Peak Oil: The Four Stages of a New Idea," Energy 34, no. 3 (March 2009

Signature CERN-URSS

ScienceCinema

None

2017-12-09

Le DG W.Jentschke souhaite la bienvenue à l'assemblée et aux invités pour la signature du protocole entre le Cern et l'URSS qui est un événement important. C'est en 1955 que 55 visiteurs soviétiques ont visité le Cern pour la première fois. Le premier DG au Cern, F.Bloch, et Mons.Amaldi sont aussi présents. Tandis que le discours anglais de W.Jentschke est traduit en russe, le discours russe de Mons.Morozov est traduit en anglais.

Renaissance man

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amaldi, Ugo

2008-09-01

In August 1945, a year after Rome was liberated from the Germans, I was on holiday with my family and a group of young physicists in Italy's Apennine Mountains. We were following a tradition that began in the 1920s whereby the physicists of Enrico Fermi's "Rome group" would always spend their vacations together. But the rest of the group - Franco Rasetti, Emilio Segrè, Bruno Pontecorvo and Fermi himself - had left Italy before the outbreak of the Second World War and of the group known as "i ragazzi di Via Panisperna" (the boys from Panisperna Street), as they were later dubbed by the senior members of the faculty, my father Edoardo Amaldi was the only one still there.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Inokuti, M.; Rau, A. R. P.; Physics

With the passing of Ugo Fano on 13 February 2001, Comments on Atomic and Molecular Physics lost a longtime correspondent since its founding in 1969. A broader community dearly misses a great theoretical physicist. The present tribute is designed in a special way appropriate for this journal, in view of other documents describing Fano's life and work. It is accompanied by a curriculum vitae, which shows the span of a rich professional life. We shall concentrate on his accomplishments in atomic and molecular physics, leaving aside contributions to radiation physics and other areas. We also present a list of hismore » publications, which should be useful as a resource material.« less

The Poet and the Disease.

PubMed

Stamatiou, Konstantinos; Sgouridou, Maria

2016-06-01

Ugo Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and poet whose works rank among the masterpieces of Italian literature. Talented and well educated in philosophy, classics and Italian literature, Foscolo gave literary expression to his ideological aspirations and to his numerous amorous experiences in odes, sonnets, plays, poems and an epistolary novel. Concurrent with his rich literary output, Foscolo's correspondence represents a unique perspective from which to monitor his literary and political views and investigate aspects of his everyday life. Among other interesting information, one can find elements of Foscolo medical history which is generally unknown. In the present article we investigate the longstanding lower urinary tract symptoms as reported by the poet in his correspondence to his family and friends.

ATV-3 undock from ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-28

ISS033-E-007940 (28 Sept. 2012) --- European Space Agency's "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 33 mission. The ATV-3 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 5:44 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 28, 2012. The ATV-3 is scheduled to deorbit on Oct. 2 for a fiery re-entry over the Pacific Ocean that will destroy the trash-filled spacecraft. Inside the ATV-3 is the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder that will record various data such as temperature, pressure and speed as the resupply craft burns up during its return to Earth. Experts will use that data to design safer and more predictable destructive re-entry techniques.

ATV reentry

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-10-03

ISS033-E-009232 (3 Oct. 2012) --- This still photo taken by the Expedition 33 crew members aboard the International Space Station shows evidence of the fiery plunge through Earth?s atmosphere and the destructive re-entry of the European Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) spacecraft, also known as ?Edoardo Amaldi.? The end of the ATV took place over a remote swath of the Pacific Ocean where any surviving debris safely splashed down a short time later, at around 1:30 a.m. (GMT) on Oct. 3, thus concluding the highly successful ATV-3 mission. Aboard the craft during re-entry was the Re Entry Breakup Recorder (REBR), a spacecraft ?black box? designed to gather data on vehicle disintegration during re-entry in order to improve future spacecraft re-entry models.

ATV-3 undock from ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-28

ISS033-E-008016 (28 Sept. 2012) --- European Space Agency's "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 33 mission. The ATV-3 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 5:44 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 28, 2012. The ATV-3 is scheduled to deorbit on Oct. 2 for a fiery re-entry over the Pacific Ocean that will destroy the trash-filled spacecraft. Inside the ATV-3 is the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder that will record various data such as temperature, pressure and speed as the resupply craft burns up during its return to Earth. Experts will use that data to design safer and more predictable destructive re-entry techniques.

ATV-3 undock from ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-28

ISS033-E-007980 (28 Sept. 2012) --- European Space Agency's "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 33 mission. The ATV-3 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 5:44 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 28, 2012. The ATV-3 is scheduled to deorbit on Oct. 2 for a fiery re-entry over the Pacific Ocean that will destroy the trash-filled spacecraft. Inside the ATV-3 is the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder that will record various data such as temperature, pressure and speed as the resupply craft burns up during its return to Earth. Experts will use that data to design safer and more predictable destructive re-entry techniques.

ATV-3 undock from ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-28

ISS033-E-007915 (28 Sept. 2012) --- European Space Agency's "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 33 mission. The ATV-3 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 5:44 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 28, 2012. The ATV-3 is scheduled to deorbit on Oct. 2 for a fiery re-entry over the Pacific Ocean that will destroy the trash-filled spacecraft. Inside the ATV-3 is the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder that will record various data such as temperature, pressure and speed as the resupply craft burns up during its return to Earth. Experts will use that data to design safer and more predictable destructive re-entry techniques.

ATV-3 undock from ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-28

ISS033-E-007920 (28 Sept. 2012) --- European Space Agency's "Edoardo Amaldi" Automated Transfer Vehicle-3 (ATV-3) begins its relative separation from the International Space Station during the Expedition 33 mission. The ATV-3 undocked from the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module at 5:44 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 28, 2012. The ATV-3 is scheduled to deorbit on Oct. 2 for a fiery re-entry over the Pacific Ocean that will destroy the trash-filled spacecraft. Inside the ATV-3 is the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder that will record various data such as temperature, pressure and speed as the resupply craft burns up during its return to Earth. Experts will use that data to design safer and more predictable destructive re-entry techniques.

Surprises from the spins: astrophysics and relativity with detections of spinning black-hole mergers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerosa, Davide

2018-03-01

Measurements of black-hole spins are of crucial importance to fulfill the promise of gravitational-wave astronomy. On the astrophysics side, spins are perhaps the cleanest indicator of black-hole evolutionary processes, thus providing a preferred way to discriminate how LIGO's black holes form. On the relativity side, spins are responsible for peculiar dynamical phenomena (from precessional modulations in the long inspiral to gravitational-wave recoils at merger) which encode precious information on the underlying astrophysical processes. I present some examples to explore this deep and fascinating interplay between spin dynamics (relativity) and environmental effects (astrophysics). Black-hole spins indeed hide remarkable surprises on both fronts: morphologies, resonances, constraints on supernova kicks, multiple merger generations and more... These findings were presented at 12th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, held on July 9-14, 2017 in Pasadena, CA, USA.

Search for Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescence in LIGO and Virgo Data from S5 and VSR1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abadie, J.; Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Accadia, T.; Acernese, F.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R.; Ajith, P.; Allen, B.; Allen, G.;

EDITORIAL: Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Italy, 6-11 July 2003

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, Beverly; Isenberg, James

2004-02-01

It is hard to find an area of mathematical relativity that has not been profoundly influenced and advanced by the work of Vincent Moncrief. He has done groundbreaking work on everything from his studies of gravitational radiation production by astrophysical systems to his model proofs of strong cosmic censorship. His work on the manifold structure of the space of solutions of the Einstein constraint equations, and on methods for systematically constructing such solutions, has done much to define and shape that field of inquiry, while his work on long time existence for the Yang-Mills and Einstein equations has significantly advanced the study of nonlinear hyperbolic PDE theory. The underlying theme to this very diverse portfolio of work is this: throughout his career, Vince has consistently chosen to attack those problems in general relativity which are both central to understanding the physical content of the gravitational physics of the theory, and are amenable to rigorous mathematical analysis. Combining an uncanny physical insight with a deep mathematical skill, and adding a legendary degree of carefulness, Vince has remade a great many of the areas of mathematical general relativity. The best known early example of Vince's unique style is the tour de force represented by his analyses of perturbations of black holes. He combined remarkable insight and calculational ability to develop techniques based on gauge invariant variables that both simplified the calculations and clarified their physical significance. These methods have proven invaluable for subsequent analytic and numerical studies (by Vince and by many others) of black hole stability and gravitational radiation from perturbed black holes. While a significant portion of Vince's earliest work concentrated on black hole systems, from around 1980 on, Vince's focus has been on cosmological spacetimes. He has shown that large families of them have Cauchy horizons (and therefore violate causality), and has also provided strong evidence that these horizons are absent in generic cosmological spacetimes. He has retrieved from widespread neglect the Belinsky-Khalatnikov-Lifschitz (BKL) conjecture that generic cosmological solutions have either localized Kasner-like or localized mixmaster-like behaviour in the neighbourhood of a cosmological singularity, and then, using both numerical and analytic tools, he has made this idea a dominant theme in the study of the behaviour of cosmological solutions near their singular regions. Much of the study of cosmological solutions to date has relied on families of spacetimes which have one or two Killing vector fields. It is largely through Vince's systematic study of foliations and gauge choices for these families that they have become efficient mathematical model laboratories for the study of solutions of Einstein's equations. Very recent work of his also points the way to graduating from these restricted faimilies to take on the set of general solutions. A fair portion of Vince's work throughout his career has been collaborative. This is not surprising, since Vince is a wonderful collaborator. Working with Vince usually involves three stages: first, there is extensive discussion. Ideas get tossed up, get shot down, and get resurrected, all the while filling both the air and many blackboards. Next, there is extensive calculation and checking of arguments. The record of Vince's calculations and arguments is always a big stack of yellow legal-sized sheets of paper, filled with carefully explained and ultra-carefully performed computation and argument. In appearance, these pages are marked by numerous crossed-out terms and equations. Sometimes entire pages get crossed out. However, neither of us can remember ever finding on any of those pages a calculational mistake (even the signs are right!). After this stage is complete, the work gets written up. Vince's portion of the writing appears on those same yellow legal pages. The advent of computers and TeX has not changed this, and likely never will. Although Vince's research efforts are usually focused on problems that can be tackled using mathematical analysis, he has had a pronounced influence on numerical studies in general relativity. Part of this is the result of his extensive numerical studies of cosmological spacetimes. Equally important is the mathematical work he has done on the constraint equations and on choices of gauge; these set the stage for efficient numerical investigations of gravitational systems. In addition, Vince's influence on numerical relativity is felt through the work of his students, including that of Ed Seidel and Roger Ove. While most of Vince's work deals with questions arising in classical physics, he has throughout his career thought deeply about quantum physics as well. This interest, in addition to leading to early work on quantized gravitational perturbations and quantum linearization stabilities and to later work on explicit solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, has been an important motivation for Vince's extensive studies of Hamiltonian reduction of the Einstein system to its true degrees of freedom. One of the bonuses of a successful scientific research career is the opportunity for travel to many corners of the world. In Vince's case, one of those corners has been Africa. Originally visiting there about ten years ago to serve as a reader for a PhD student in Cameroon, Vince quickly fell in love with Africa. He has become an ardent big game hunter, and visits roughly every year to go on safari in such places as Zimbabwe, Cameroon and Tanzania. In many ways, Vince's great success on African safari mirrors his spectacular success on spacetime safari. We can read about his African safaris at the website http://pantheon.yale.edu/~vem3/safari to learn the details of how he came to have this exotic interest. To read about Vince's spacetime safaris, there is no better source than in his papers. Vince has told his friends that his most recent African safari may be his last. Whether this is true or not, it is clear that Vince has many exciting spacetime safaris ahead of him. We look forward to hearing about them. In this volume, we have collected contributions from Vince's collaborators, students and colleagues with similar interests. We hope that, in reading them, you will gain some appreciation of the topics Vince has studied, the contributions he has made, and some of the people who have enjoyed working with him. Finally, we would like to thank Andrew Wray of IOPP whose encouragement, advice and, most of all, patience enabled the completion of this volume.

Chapter 44: history of neurology in Italy.

PubMed

Bentivoglio, Marina; Mazzarello, Paolo

2010-01-01

The chapter starts from the Renaissance (although the origins of Italian neurology can be traced back to the Middle Ages), when treatises of nervous system physiopathology still followed Hippocratic and Galenic "humoral" theories. In Italy, as elsewhere in Europe, the concepts of humoral pathology were abandoned in the 18th century, when neurology was influenced by novel trends. Neurology acquired the status of clinical discipline (as "clinic of mental diseases") after national reunification (declared in 1861 but completed much later). At the end of the 19th and first decades of the 20th century, eminent Italian "neuropsychiatrists" (including, among many others, Ugo Cerletti, who introduced electroconvulsive shock therapy in 1938) stimulated novel knowledge and approaches, "centers of excellence" flourished, and "Neurological Institutes" were founded. In the first half of the 20th century, the history of Italian neurology was dominated by World Wars I and II (which stimulated studies on the wounded) and the fascist regime in-between the Wars (when the flow of information was instead very limited). Italy became a republic in 1946, and modern neurology and its distinction from psychiatry were finally promoted. The chapter also provides detailed accounts of scientific societies and journals dedicated to the neurological sciences in Italy.

Analytical Method of Designing and Selecting Take-Up Systems for Mining Belt Conveyors / Analityczna Metoda Projektowania i Doboru UKŁADÓW Napinania Dla GÓRNICZYCH PRZENOŚNIKÓW TAŚMOWYCH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulinowski, Piotr

2013-12-01

This article presents a method developed to design and select tensioning systems which makes use of standard calculations. It describes procedures for selecting and analysing the operation of devices tensioning the belt, which procedures are based on the static characteristics of these devices, and a proposal for introducing a substitute belt elasticity modulus that would make the calculations of the tensioning stroke length account for the value of the initial force tensioning the belt and for its sag between sets of idlers. Static characteristics of tensioning systems have been used to describe their operation and present the advantages and disadvantages of individual design solutions W artykule przedstawiono opracowaną metodę projektowania i doboru układów napinania taśmy wykorzystującą stosowane standardowe procedury obliczeniowe uzupełnione o zależności analityczne uwzględniające zwis taśmy między zestawami krążnikowymi i charakterystyki statyczne urządzeń napinających taśmę. W pierwszej części publikacji opisano analityczną metodę doboru układu napinania taśmy bazującą na wynikach obliczeń sił w taśmie i szacunkowych kalkulacjach drogi napinania taśmy stosowanych obecnie w standardowych procedurach obliczeniowych (Golka i in., 2007; Gładysiewicz, 2003; Żur i Hardygóra, 1996). Następnie przedstawiono propozycję uzupełnienia stosowanej metody analitycznej o wprowadzenie diagramu drogi napinania i uwzględnienie zastępczego modułu sprężystości taśmy (Kulinowski, 2012). W obliczeniach standardowych przyjmuje się, że długość odcinka taśmy pomiędzy zestawami krążnikowymi jest równa ich rozstawowi. W rzeczywistych warunkach może się zdarzyć, że na niektórych odcinkach złożonego profilu trasy przenośnika wartość zwisu taśmy przekracza wartości dopuszczalne, wtedy długość taśmy między zestawami krążnikowymi jest znacząco większa od rozstawu zestawów. W takich przypadkach wartość modułu spr

The Effect of Temperature of Rocks on Microclimatic Conditions in Long Gate Roads and Galleries in Coal Mines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cygankiewicz, Janusz; Knechtel, Józef

2014-03-01

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the temperature of surrounding rocks on enthalpy and temperature of air flowing along several model mine workings. Long workings surrounded by non- -coal rocks as well longwall gates surrounded by coal were taken into consideration. Computer-aided simulation methods were used during the study. At greater depths the amount of moisture transferred into a mine working from the rock mass is two orders of magnitude smaller than the moisture that comes from external (technological) sources, mainly from coal extraction-related processes, therefore in the equation describing temperature changes only the terms representing the flux of heat from rocks were included. The model workings, for calculation purposes, were divided into sections, 50 m in length each. For each of the sections temperature of its ribs and temperature and stream of enthalpy of air flowing along it were calculated with the use of the finite differences method. For workings surrounded by non-coal rocks two variant calculations were carried out, namely with or without technological sources of heat. For coal surrounded workings (longwall gates) a new method for determination of heat from coal oxidation was developed, based on the findings by Cygankiewicz J. (2012a, 2012b). Using the results of a study by J.J. Drzewiecki and Smolka (1994), the effects of rock mass fracturing on transfer of heat into the air stream flowing along a working were taken into account. Badano wpływ temperatury pierwotnej skał na strumień entalpii oraz temperaturę powietrza w wyrobisku korytarzowym o długości 2000 m. Rozpatrywano wyrobiska kamienne oraz chodniki podścianowe. W badaniach zastosowano metodę symulacji komputerowych. Na dużych głębokościach wilgoć przenoszona z górotworu do wyrobiska jest dwa rzędy wielkości mniejsza od wilgoci pochodzącej od procesów technologicznych. W związku z powyższym w równaniu opisującym zmiany temperatury w masywie skalnym

Electron beam ion sources for use in second generation synchrotrons for medical particle therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zschornack, G.; Ritter, E.; Schmidt, M.; Schwan, A.

2014-02-01

Cyclotrons and first generation synchrotrons are the commonly applied accelerators in medical particle therapy nowadays. Next generation accelerators such as Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotrons (RCMS), direct drive accelerators, or dielectric wall accelerators have the potential to improve the existing accelerator techniques in this field. Innovative accelerator concepts for medical particle therapy can benefit from ion sources which meet their special requirements. In the present paper we report on measurements with a superconducting Electron Beam Ion Source, the Dresden EBIS-SC, under the aspect of application in combination with RCMS as a well proven technology. The measurements indicate that this ion source can offer significant advantages for medical particle therapy. We show that a superconducting EBIS can deliver ion pulses of medically relevant ions such as protons, C4 + and C6 + ions with intensities and frequencies required for RCMS [S. Peggs and T. Satogata, "A survey of Hadron therapy accelerator technology," in Proceedings of PAC07, BNL-79826- 2008-CP, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 2007; A. Garonna, U. Amaldi et al., "Cyclinac medical accelerators using pulsed C6 +/H+_2 ion sources," in Proceedings of EBIST 2010, Stockholm, Sweden, July 2010]. Ion extraction spectra as well as individual ion pulses have been measured. For example, we report on the generation of proton pulses with up to 3 × 109 protons per pulse and with frequencies of up to 1000 Hz at electron beam currents of 600 mA.

Herbert P. Broida Prize Talk: A single Rydberg electron in a Bose-Einstein condensate: from two to few to many-body physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pfau, Tilman

2017-04-01

Modern quantum scattering theory was developed in the context of Rydberg spectroscopy in 1934 by Enrico Fermi. He showed that for slow electrons the scattering from polarizable atoms via a 1/r4 potential is purely s-wave and can be described by a Fermi pseudopotential and a scattering length. To study this interaction Rydberg electrons are well suited as they are slow and trapped by the charged nucleus. In a high pressure discharge Amaldi and Segre, observed a line shift proportional to the scattering length. At ultracold temperatures one can ask the opposite question: What does a Rydberg electron do to the neutral atom sitting in the electronic orbit? We found that one, two or many ground state atoms can be trapped in the mean-field potential created by the Rydberg electron, leading to so called ultra-long range Rydberg molecules. I will explain this novel molecular binding mechanism and the properties of these exotic molecules. At higher Rydberg states the spatial extent of the Rydberg electron orbit is increasing. For principal quantum numbers n in the range of 100-200 up to several ten thousand ultracold ground state atoms can be located inside one Rydberg atom, When we excite a single Rydberg electron in a Bose-Einstein Condensate, the orbital size of which becomes comparable to the size of the BEC we observe the coupling between the electron and phonons in the BEC.

Scientific balloons: historical remarks.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ubertini, P.

The paper is an overview of the Human attempt to fly, from the myth of Daedalus and his son Icarus to the first "aerostatic" experiment by Joseph-Michel and Jaques-Etienne Montgolfier. Then, via a jump of about 200 years, we arrive to the era of the modern stratospheric ballooning that, from the beginning of the last century, have provided a unique flight opportunity for aerospace experiments. In particular, the Italian scientific community has employed stratospheric balloons since the '50s for cosmic rays and high energy astrophysical experiments with initial launches performed from Cagliari Helmas Airport (Sardinia). More recently an almost ideal location was found in the area of Trapani-Milo (Sicily, Italy), were an old abandoned airport was refurbished to be used as a new launch site that became operative at the beginning of the '70s. Finally, we suggest a short reminiscence of the first transatlantic experiment carried out on August 1975 in collaboration between SAS-CNR (Italy) and NSBF-NASA (USA). The reason why the Long Duration Balloon has been recently re-oriented in a different direction is analysed and future perspectives discussed. Finally, the spirit of the balloon launch performed by the Groups lead by Edoardo Amaldi, Livio Scarsi and other Italian pioneers, with payloads looking like "refrigerators" weighting a few tens of kg is intact and the wide participation to the present Workshop is the clear demonstration.

Effect of the Combined Use of Tramadol and Milnacipran on Pain Threshold in an Animal Model of Fibromyalgia

PubMed Central

Song, Junhwa; Mun, Hyunil; Park, Keon Uk

2009-01-01

Background/Aims Acidic saline injections produce mechanical hyperresponsiveness in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We investigated the effect of milnacipran in conjunction with tramadol on the pain threshold in an acidic saline animal model of pain. Methods The left gastrocnemius muscle of 20 male rats was injected with 100 µL of saline at pH 4.0 under brief isoflurane anesthesia on days 0 and 5. Rats administered acidic saline injections were separated into four study subgroups. After determining the pre-drug pain threshold, rats were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following regimens; saline, milnacipran alone (60 mg/kg), milnacipran (40 mg/kg) plus tramadol (20 mg/kg), or milnacipran (40 mg/kg) plus tramadol (40 mg/kg). Paw withdrawal in response to pressure was measured at 30 min, 120 min, and 5 days after injection. Nociceptive thresholds, expressed in grams, were measured with a Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer (Ugo Basile, Italy) by applying increasing pressure to the right or left hind paw until the rat withdrew the paw. Results A potent antihyperalgesic effect was observed when tramadol and milnacipran were used in combination (injected paw, p=0.001; contralateral paw, p=0.012). This finding was observed only at 30 min after the combination treatment. Conclusions We observed potentiation of the antihyperalgesic effect when milnacipran and tramadol were administered in combination in an animal model of fibromyalgia. Further research is required to determine the efficacy of various combination treatments in fibromyalgia in humans. PMID:19543493

Fine-structure excitation of Fe II and Fe III due to collisions with electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Yier; Qi, Yueying; Favreau, Connor; Loch, Stuart; Stancil, P.; Ballance, Connor; McLaughlin, Brendan

2018-06-01

Atomic data of iron peak elements are of great importance in astronomical observations. Among all the ionization stages of iron, Fe II and Fe III are of particular importance because of the high cosmic abundance, relatively low ionization potential and complex open d-shell atomic structure. Fe II and Fe III emission are observed from nearly all classes of astronomical objects over a wide spectral range from the infrared to the ultraviolet. To meaningfully interpret these spectra, astronomers have to employ highly complex modeling codes with reliable collision data to simulate the astrophysical observations. The major aim of this work is to provide reliable atomic data for diagnostics. We present new collision strengths and effective collisions for electron impact excitation of Fe II and Fe III for the forbidden transitions among the fine-structure levels of the ground terms. A very fine energy mesh is used for the collision strengths and the effective collision strengths are calculated over a wide range of electron temperatures of astrophysical importance (10-2000 K). The configuration interaction state wave functions are generated with a scaled Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Amaldi (TFDA) potential, while the R-matrix plus intermediate coupling frame transformation (ICFT), Breit-Pauli R-matrix and Dirac R-matrix packages are used to obtain collision strengths. Influences of the different methods and configuration expansions on the collisional data are discussed. Comparison is made with earlier theoretical work and differences are found to occur at the low temperatures considered here.This work was funded by NASA grant NNX15AE47G.

LED deep UV source for charge management of gravitational reference sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Ke-Xun; Allard, Brett; Buchman, Saps; Williams, Scott; Byer, Robert L.

2006-04-01

Proof mass electrical charge management is an important functionality for the ST-7-LTP technology demonstration flight and for LISA. Photoemission for charge control is accomplished by using deep ultraviolet (UV) light to excite photoelectron emission from an Au alloy. The conventional UV source is a mercury vapour lamp. We propose and demonstrate charge management using a deep UV light emitting diode (LED) source. We have acquired selected AlGaN UV LEDs, characterized their performance and successfully used them to realize charge management. The UV LEDs emit at a 257 nm central wavelength with a bandwidth of ~12 nm. The UV power for a free-space LED is ~120 µW, and after fibre coupling is ~16 µW, more than sufficient for LISA applications. We have directly observed the LED UV light-induced photocurrent response from an Au photocathode and an Au-coated GRS/ST-7 proof mass. We demonstrated fast switching of UV LEDs and associated fast changes in photocurrent. This allows modulation and continuous discharge to meet stringent LISA disturbance reduction requirements. We propose and demonstrate AC charge management outside the gravitational wave signal band. Further, the megahertz bandwidth for UV LED switching allows for up to six orders of magnitude dynamic power range and a number of novel modes of operations. The UV LED based charge management system offers the advantages of small-size, lightweight, fibre-coupled operation with very low power consumption. Presented at 'Amaldi6', Poster 73, Space Detector, 6th Edoardo Almadi Conference on Gravitational Waves, 20-24 June 2005.

Radiative rates for forbidden M1 and E2 transitions of astrophysical interest in doubly ionized iron-peak elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fivet, V.; Quinet, P.; Bautista, M. A.

2016-01-01

Aims: Accurate and reliable atomic data for lowly ionized Fe-peak species (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are of paramount importance for analyzing the high-resolution astrophysical spectra currently available. The third spectra of several iron group elements have been observed in different galactic sources, such as Herbig-Haro objects in the Orion Nebula and stars like Eta Carinae. However, forbidden M1 and E2 transitions between low-lying metastable levels of doubly charged iron-peak ions have been investigated very little so far, and radiative rates for those lines remain sparse or nonexistent. We attempt to fill that gap and provide transition probabilities for the most important forbidden lines of all doubly ionized iron-peak elements. Methods: We carried out a systematic study of the electronic structure of doubly ionized Fe-peak species. The magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities were computed using the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) code of Cowan and the central Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Amaldi potential approximation implemented in AUTOSTRUCTURE. This multiplatform approach allowed for consistency checks and intercomparison and has proven very useful in many previous works for estimating the uncertainties affecting the radiative data. Results: We present transition probabilities for the M1 and E2 forbidden lines depopulating the metastable even levels belonging to the 3dk and 3dk-14s configurations in Sc III (k = 1), Ti III (k = 2), V III (k = 3), Cr III (k = 4), Mn III (k = 5), Fe III (k = 6), Co III (k = 7), and Ni III (k = 8).

The Application of Coreless Inductors for Displacement Measurements in Laboratory Investigations of Rock Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurkowski, Janusz

2014-12-01

problematyczne. W przypadku skał przewodzących (nasączonych solanką) istnieje ryzyko zwarcia ścieżki rezystancyjnej do podłoża. Często naklejenie tensometru jest niemożliwe w przypadku skał słabo zwięzłych (fliszowe). Inne metody pomiaru np. transformator różnicowy z ruchomym rdzeniem (LVDT) ma ograniczoną odporność na wysokie ciśnienie i temperaturę i zbyt duże rozmiary. Czujnik LDT (Local Deformation Transducer), czyli naklejony tensometr rezystancyjny na sprężystą taśmę stalową, ma ograniczony zakres pomiaru deformacji do kilku procent i małą czułość. Opracowano nową metodę pomiaru odkształcenia opartą na jednowarstwowej, bezrdzeniowej cewce indukcyjnej, wykonanej z cienkiego sprężystego drutu (0,2 mm) i średnicy zwojów kilku milimetrów. Tak wykonany czujnik jest instalowany do zaczepów zamontowanych na badanej próbce (rys. 1 i 2). Odkształcenie próbki powoduje zmianę długości cewki (czujnika), a zatem jej indukcyjności. Czujnik stanowi indukcyjną część generatora LC, umieszczonego na zewnątrz komory. Zmiana indukcyjności skutkuje zmianą częstotliwości drgań, którą łatwo zmierzyć z dużą precyzją. Prostota czujnika gwarantuje jego dużą odporność na ciśnienie hydrostatyczne, temperaturę i udary mechaniczne. Minimalizacja błędów spowodowanych zmiennym ciśnieniem i temperaturą realizowana jest dwoma sposobami. Po pierwsze, czujnik wykonano z wysokorezystywnego drutu, co skutkuje dużymi termicznymi zmianami jego rezystancji, które zmieniają częstotliwość drgań (poprawka częstotliwości w generatorze Colpitts'a (4) przeciwstawnie do wpływu temperatury na indukcyjność czujnika (rozszerzalność termiczna). Umożliwia to prawie całkowitą kompensację termiczną czujnika w kilkunastostopniowym zakresie (rys. 4). Drugim sposobem jest użycie czujnika referencyjnego wykonanego w identyczny sposób jak czujnik pomiarowy, który jest zamocowany na wsporniku o znanej ściśliwości i rozszerzalno

Mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Tridax procumbens extract in rat thoracic aorta

PubMed Central

Salahdeen, Hussein Mofomosara; Idowu, Gbolahan O; Salami, Shakiru A; Murtala, Babatunde A; Alada, AbdulRasak A

2016-01-01

Background/Aim: Tridax procumbens (Linn) (Asteraceae) is one of the herbs widely distributed in many parts of the world. Its leaves have long been used for the treatment of hypertension in Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that aqueous leaves of T. procumbens extract (TPE) lowers blood pressure through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanism in the aortic rings isolated from normotensive rats. The aim of the present study was to further investigate mechanisms of TPE-induced relaxation in the aortic artery by assessing its mechanistic interactions with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Materials and Methods: The aortic artery isolated from healthy, young adult normotensive Wistar albino rats (250-300 g) were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE) (10–7 M) and KCl (60 mM) and were treated with various concentrations of aqueous extract of TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml). The changes in arterial tension were recorded using Ugo Basile model 7004 coupled to data capsule acquisition system model 17400. The interaction between TPE with cAMP and cGMP inhibitors was also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the contraction induced by PE in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasorelaxant effect caused by the TPE was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated with pre-incubation of cGMP (Rp-8Br PET cGMPS) and cAMP (Rp-AMP) inhibitor, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that TPE causes vasodilatory effects in a concentration-dependent manner in the isolated rat aortic artery. The mechanism of action of TPE is complex. A part of its relaxing effect is mediated directly by blocking or modulating cGMP and cAMP. PMID:27104039

Mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Tridax procumbens extract in rat thoracic aorta.

PubMed

Salahdeen, Hussein Mofomosara; Idowu, Gbolahan O; Salami, Shakiru A; Murtala, Babatunde A; Alada, AbdulRasak A

2016-01-01

Tridax procumbens (Linn) (Asteraceae) is one of the herbs widely distributed in many parts of the world. Its leaves have long been used for the treatment of hypertension in Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that aqueous leaves of T. procumbens extract (TPE) lowers blood pressure through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanism in the aortic rings isolated from normotensive rats. The aim of the present study was to further investigate mechanisms of TPE-induced relaxation in the aortic artery by assessing its mechanistic interactions with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The aortic artery isolated from healthy, young adult normotensive Wistar albino rats (250-300 g) were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE) (10-7 M) and KCl (60 mM) and were treated with various concentrations of aqueous extract of TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml). The changes in arterial tension were recorded using Ugo Basile model 7004 coupled to data capsule acquisition system model 17400. The interaction between TPE with cAMP and cGMP inhibitors was also evaluated. The results showed that the TPE (0.5-9.0 mg/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the contraction induced by PE in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasorelaxant effect caused by the TPE was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated with pre-incubation of cGMP (Rp-8Br PET cGMPS) and cAMP (Rp-AMP) inhibitor, respectively. These results suggest that TPE causes vasodilatory effects in a concentration-dependent manner in the isolated rat aortic artery. The mechanism of action of TPE is complex. A part of its relaxing effect is mediated directly by blocking or modulating cGMP and cAMP.

Possible mechanism of protective effect of thalidomide in STZ-induced-neuropathic pain behavior in rats.

PubMed

Taliyan, Rajeev; Sharma, Pyare Lal

2012-04-01

Diabetes-induced neuropathic pain is recognized as one of the most difficult type of pain to treat and conventional analgesics are well known to be partially effective or associated with potential toxicity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that thalidomide, besides its teratogenic potential, reduced chronic pain in an SNL experimental pain model. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of thalidomide on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Streptozotocin (20 mg/kg, i.p, daily × 4 days) was administered to induce diabetes in the rats. Nociceptive latency was measured using tail-flick and paw-withdrawal test. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured using planter test and dynamic aesthesiometer (Ugo-Basile, Italy), respectively. Urinary and serum nitrite concentration was estimated using Greiss reagent method. Spleen homogenate supernatant was prepared from spleen of 28th day diabetic rats and administered to normal rats (400 ul, i.v) daily for 28 days. Pain threshold progressively decreased in STZ-treated rats, as compared with control rats. 3 weeks after induction of diabetes, the rat exhibited thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The analgesic effect of morphine (8 mg/kg, s.c.) was significantly decreased in both diabetic and in SHS-treated non-diabetic rats. Administration of thalidomide (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p), a TNF-α inhibitor, significantly prevented hyperglycemia-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and also attenuated the increase in serum and urinary nitrite concentration, as compared with untreated diabetic rats. Also, thalidomide (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p) 1 h before or concurrently with morphine significantly restored the analgesic effect of morphine in diabetic rats. It may be concluded that thalidomide has a beneficial effect in neuropathic pain by decreasing cytokines (TNF-α) and nitric oxide level and may provide a novel promising therapeutic approach for managing

Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens on contractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive male rats.

PubMed

Salami, Shakiru Ademola; Salahdeen, Hussein Mofomosara; Ugbebor, Evangelshane Chukwudubem; Murtala, Babatunde Adekunle; Raji, Yinusa

2018-01-01

This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (ALETP) on contractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced hypertensive male rats. Twenty normal, adult male rats (130-150 g) were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I (control) was given normal saline (0.6 mL/kg) and group II was given l-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Groups III and IV also received l-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 6 weeks but were further co-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALETP, respectively, from week 4 to week 6. All treatments were given orally. Strips of corpus cavernosum from each of the four groups were exposed to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10 -9 -10 -5 mol/L) after contraction with phenylephrine (10 -7  mol/L) to test for a dose-response effect. Response to potassium and calcium was also measured after cumulatively adding potassium and calcium (10-50 mmol/L) to potassium- and calcium-free organ chamber. Isometric contractions were recorded through an Ugo Basile data capsule acquisition system. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in the ALETP co-treated group compared to the control and l-NAME-only groups (P < 0.05). Cavernosa strips from ALETP co-treated rats exhibited significant inhibition of contraction in response to phenylephrine, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride (P < 0.05). Relaxation in response to Ach and SNP was also significantly impaired in cavernosa strips from the l-NAME-only treated group (P < 0.05), while ALETP co-treated groups showed enhanced percentage relaxation. ALETP treatment of l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats promotes a relaxant effect on isolated cavernosa strips. ALETP shows potential in correcting erectile dysfunction in hypertension. Copyright © 2017 Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Potassium channels and prostacyclin contribute to vasorelaxant activities of Tridax procumbens crude aqueous leaf extract in rat superior mesenteric arteries.

PubMed

Salahdeen, H M; Adebari, A O; Murtala, B A; Alada, A R A

2015-03-01

Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of the leaf of Tridax procuinbens is capable of lowering blood pressure through its vasodilatory effects. In the present study attempt was made to examine the biological active components of T procuinbens leaf using GC-MS methods. We further investigated the role of K+ channels in the vasorelaxation effects of Tridax procumbens using rat isolated mesenteric artery. The superior mesenteric artery isolated from healthy, young adult Wistar rats (250-300 g) were precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) (10(-7) M) and potassium chloride (KCl) (60 mM) and were treated with Various concentrations of aqueous extract ofT procumbens (0.9.0 mg/ml). The changes in arterial tension were recorded using a force-displacement transducer (Model 7004; Ugo Basil Varese, Italy) coupled to data capsule acquisition system. The results of GG-MS revealed the presence of linoleic acid. The T. procumbens extract (TPE) ranging from 0.5-9.0 mg/mI significantly (p<0.05) reduced the, contraction induced by (PE) and (KCl) in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract also antagonised the calcium-induced vasoconstriction (1(-9) - 10(-5)) in calcium-free with high concentration of potassium as well as. in calcium- and potassium free physiological solutions. The vasorelaxing effect caused by TPE was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated with preincubation of potassium channels blockers (Barium chloride and apamin), NO synthaseinhibitor (L-NAME), prostacyclin inhibitor (indomethacin), atropine; propranolol, and methylene blue while it was not affected by preincubation with glibenclamide and tetra ethyl ammonium, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and oxadiazolo quinoxalin (ODQ). The results of this study demonstrate that T procumbens extract causes vasodilatory effects by blocking calcium channels and the vasodilatory effect of the extract may also be due to stimulation of prostacyclin production and opening of small-conductance Ga2+ activated potassium channels. The

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Mass Exchange Between Longwall Headings and Goafs, in the Presence of Methane Drainage in A U-Type Ventilated Longwall / Symulacja Numeryczna 3D Procesów Wymiany Masy W Układzie Wyrobiska Ścianowe Zroby, W Aspekcie Prowadzenia Odmetanowania Ściany Przewietrzanej Systemem Na „U"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skotniczny, Przemysław

2013-09-01

The phenomena related to the occurrence of methane in underground mines pose a considerable danger in the process of coal seam exploitation. Quite often, experimental analysis falls short of investigating their areas of origin (goafs area, affected rock mass, the tail gate area with abandoned excavation). Therefore, an invaluable tool for evaluating the risk involved in the exploitation process might be the numerical simulation of the phenomenon in question, carried out with the use of the latest CFD methods. Due to its application, we are able to recreate and predict the mechanism of the studied phenomenon, with certain assumptions and simplifications made. The present paper discusses the results of the numerical simulation of the process of mass exchange occurring between affected rock mass and longwall headings. The calculations were performed for two test cases - 100 meter long walls. Zjawiska związane z występowaniem metanu w kopalniach głębinowych stanowią poważne zagrożenie w procesie eksploatacji złóż węgla. Źródło występowania tych zjawisk dość często znajduje się poza możliwościami eksperymentalnej analizy (obszar zrobów, górotwór naruszony, strefa górnego naroża od strony zlikwidowanych wyrobisk ścianowych). Nieocenionym narzędziem oceny ryzyka eksploatacji w takim przypadku może stać się numeryczna symulacja zjawiska przy użyciu nowoczesnych metod CFD, która z uwzględnieniem pewnych założeń i uproszczeń jest wstanie odtworzyć oraz przewidzieć mechanizm zjawiska. W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji numerycznej procesu wymiany masy pomiędzy górotworem naruszonym eksploatacją a wyrobiskami ścianowymi. Obliczenia zostały przeprowadzone dla dwóch przypadków testowych (test case) 100 metrowej długości ścian.

Atomic Data and Spectral Line Intensities for Ne III

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhatia, A. K.; Thomas, R. J.; Landi, E.; Fisher, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A number of satellites and rockets have been launched to observe radiation from the Sun and other astrophysical objects. Line radiation is emitted when the electron impact excited levels decay to the lower levels by photon emission. From this radiation, the physical parameters such as electron temperature and density of the astrophysical plasma, elemental abundance, and opacity can be inferred. Ne III lines have been observed in H II regions, Ne-rich filaments in supernovae, and planetary nebulae. The allowed line at 489.50 Angstroms due to the transition 2s(sup 2) 2p(sup 5) (sup 3) P2 (goes to) 2s(sup 2)2p(sup 4)(sup 3)P2 has been identified in the solar spectrum by Vernazza and Reeves using Skylab observations. Other Ne III lines in the solar EUV spectrum have been reported by Thomas and Neupert based on observations from the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) instrument. Atomic data for Ne III have been calculated by using a set of programs developed at, University College, London. The Superstructure and Distorted Wave (DW) programs have been updated over the years. In the Superstructure program, configuration interaction can be taken into account and radial functions are calculated in a modified Thomas-Fermi-Amaldi potential. This is a statistical potential and depends on parameters lambda 1 which are determined by optimizing the weighted sum of term energies. They are found to be lambda(sub 0)=1.2467, lambda(sub 1)=1.1617, and lambda(sub 2)=1.0663. The relativistic corrections are included by using the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian as a perturbation to the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. The same potential is used to calculate reactance matrices in the DW approximation in LS coupling. Collision strengths in intermediate coupling are obtained by using term coupling coefficients obtained from the Superstructure program. In this calculation, the configurations used are 2s(sup 2)2p(sup 4), 2s2p(sup 5), 2s(sup 2)2p(sup 3)3s, 2s(sup 2)p(sup 3)3d giving rise

Sustained Local Release of Methylprednisolone From a Thiol-Acrylate Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogel for Treating Chronic Compressive Radicular Pain.

PubMed

Slotkin, Jonathan R; Ness, Jennifer K; Snyder, Kristin M; Skiles, Amanda A; Woodard, Eric J; OʼShea, Timothy; Layer, Rick T; Aimetti, Alex A; Toms, Steven A; Langer, Robert; Tapinos, Nikos

2016-04-01

A preclinical animal model of chronic ligation of the sciatic nerve was used to compare the effectiveness of a slow-release hydrogel carrying methylprednisolone to methylprednisolone injection alone, which simulates the current standard of care for chronic compressive radiculopathy (CR). To extend the short-term benefits of steroid injections by using a nonswelling, biodegradable hydrogel as carrier to locally release methylprednisolone in a regulated and sustained way at the site of nerve compression. CR affects millions worldwide annually, and is a cause of costly disability with significant societal impact. Currently, a leading nonsurgical therapy involves epidural injection of steroids to temporarily alleviate the pain associated with CR. However, an effective way to extend the short-term effect of steroid treatment to address the chronic component of CR does not exist. We induced chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerves of rats by permanent ligation. Forty-eight hours later we injected our methylprednisolone infused hydrogel and assessed the effectiveness of our treatment for 4 weeks. We quantified mechanical hyperalgesia using a Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer (Ugo Basile, Stoelting Co., IL, USA), whereas gait analysis was conducted using the Catwalk automated gait analysis platform (Noldus, Leesburg, VA, USA). Macrophage staining was performed with immunohistochemistry and quantification of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in sciatic nerve lysates was performed with multiplex immunoassay using a SECTOR Imager 2400A (Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MA, USA). We demonstrate that using the hydrogel to deliver methylprednisolone results in significant (P < 0.05) reduction of hyperalgesia and improvement in the gait pattern of animals with chronic lesions as compared with animals treated with steroid alone. In addition, animals treated with hydrogel plus steroid showed significant reduction in the number of infiltrating macrophages at the sciatic

Selection of Most Proper Blasting Pattern in Mines Using Linear Assignment Method: Sungun Copper Mine / Wybór Najodpowiedniejszego Schematu Prowadzenia Prac Strzałowych W Kopalni Miedzi Sungun Z Użyciem Metody Przyporządkowania Liniowego

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yari, Mojtaba; Bagherpour, Raheb; Jamali, Saeed; Asadi, Fatemeh

2015-03-01

najkorzystniejszy schemat prowadzenia prac strzałowych w kopalni miedzi Sungun: nadkład 3.5m, odległości pomiędzy otworami 4.5 m, zastosowana przybitka 3.8 m, długość otworu strzałowego 12.1 m.

Long- and Short-Term Processes Indicated by the Displacement of the Chamber Roofs in the Monumental Wieliczka Salt Mine / Długo- i krótkotrwałe procesy sygnalizowane przemieszczeniami stropu komór w zabytkowej kopalni soli wieliczka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kortas, Grzegorz

2013-03-01

This paper presents several processes that are characteristic for the salt rock mass, which have been found upon analysis of observations of the chamber roof displacements in the monumental Wieliczka Salt Mine. Those processes are revealed in different time frames and they range from short- to long-term ones. A regular long-term increase or decrease of creeping rate in the chamber roof is expressed by power function of time. It was found that an annual component of that process consists in the season cycle, marked by increased displacement rates in the summer and reduced ones in the winter. The seasonal changes in air humidity are the cause of those cycles. A rock slip cycle is observed in some chambers during several months. In those periods, we can identify displacements that happen when internal static and dynamic friction is overcome. In 2007-2009, single signals from large-area rock-mass movements were recorded in several chambers. They were probably associated with the change of geo-mechanical conditions in northern region of rock mass after a leak had been plugged in the cross-corridor Mina. The results of our analysis have revealed new cognitive components contributing to the description of rock behaviour in specific geological and mining conditions of Miocene salt deposits.

Einstein*s witches* sabbath in Brussels: The legend and the facts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lambert, Franklin J.

2015-09-01

This paper is about the first Solvay Council on Physics, its surprising origin and its far reaching consequences. In spite of the various accounts that have been given by several authors - they include historians of science, but also outstanding scientists, such as Leon Rosenfeld, Niels Bohr and Eduardo Amaldi - it appears that only limited attention was paid so far to the more singular aspects of this legendary meeting, and to the peculiar circumstances which led to its convening. This fact may be due to the restricted availability of relevant documents, many of which are located in different archives. It also reflects the rather abstract character of Ernest Solvay*s Institute of Physics - an Institute without a permanent staff, governed by geographically separated bodies: a scientific committee with a chairman in Haarlem, a secretary in Copenhagen and an administrative committee in Brussels. One of the purposes of the paper is to fill this gap by revisiting the course of events which led to Solvay*s invitation of June 1911. Another aim is to present a brief, yet balanced, account of the deliberations which took place in October-November 1911, by pointing at some elements that may be regarded as highlights of the Council, and by focusing on the contrasting aspects of its main results: the contrast between the Council*s disappointing conclusions on the one hand, and its positive consequences on the other hand. Special attention in this context is given to the unexpected concern about the validity of Planck*s law, expressed by Emil Warburg, and to the apparent contradictions in Einstein*s private reactions to the outcome of the Brussels meeting. The paper also aims at restoring the truth about some facts regarding the Solvay reports and their discussion, by revealing the discrepancies between the official account - the Gauthier-Villars volume "La théorie du rayonnement et les quanta", published in 1912, and the actual proceedings of the conference, based on notes

Stability and Load Bearing Capacity of a Bars with Built up Cross Section and Elastic Supports / Badania Stateczności I Nosności Prętów Złożonych Z Podporami Sprężystymi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krajewski, Marcin

2015-03-01

ążenia krytycznego dla modelu prętowego i powłokowego konstrukcji. Podano wartości obciążenia granicznego zależnego od długości zastosowanych przewiązek dla modeli konstrukcji ze wstępnymi imperfekcjami geometrycznymi. Zaprezentowane zostały rezultaty badań doświadczalnych osiowo ściskanych prętów złożonych z podporą sprężystą.

Bulk Geochemical Data of Fossil Wood from the Middle Jurassic Clays of Poland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smolarek, Justyna

2012-01-01

ści TOC dla badanych próbek wahają się w szerokim zakresie od 1,06% do 68,50 %. Największa ilość TOC występuje w nie zmineralizowanych lub słabo zmineralizowanych próbkach drewna. Większość próbek to zmineralizowane fragmenty drewna, pokazując wartości TOC w zakresie od 2% - 10%. Zawartość procentowa węglanów w badanych próbkach znajduje się w szerokim zakresie od mniej niż 1% CaCO3 do ponad 85% CaCO3. Procentowa zawartość siarki całkowitej jest bardzo zróżnicowana i nie wykazuje zbieżności z innymi danymi, takimi jak TOC czy zawartość węglanów, itp. W odróżnieniu od środkowojurajskich iłów, gdzie długołańcuchowe i krótkołańcuchowe n-alkany występują w podobnych stężeniach , w próbkach drewna zawsze przewyższają nalkanów krótkołańcuchowe, występujące w zakresie od 15 do 23 atomów węgla w cząsteczce. Wartości wskaźnika CPI są generalnie wyższe niż 1, co wskazuje na udział materii organicznej pochodzącej z wosków roślin wyższych. Pod wpływem post-diagenetycznego utleniania zmineralizowanych próbek drewna zmienia się dystrybucja n-alkanów. W badanych próbkach obecne są diaster-13 (17)-enes o 28 i 29 atomów węgla w cząsteczce, natomiast te o 29 atomów znacznie przeważają.

PREFACE: Proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 16-20 June 2008

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lobo, Alberto; Sopuerta, Carlos F.

2009-07-01

Dr Einstein. The Proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium are jointly published by Classical and Quantum Gravity (CQG) and Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). This formula has a precedent in the last Amaldi Conference (Sydney 2007), and was motivated by the impossibility to fit all communications into a single CQG volume. Plenary speakers were invited to submit their contributions to CQG, and so were a number of parallel session authors chosen by the session convenors and the Science Organising Committee (SOC). Authors of the other parallel session presentations and posters were invited to submit to JPCS. All papers have been peer reviwed prior to being accepted for publication in either journal, and the whole set is well representative of the talks we heard during the Symposium. Thanks are accordingly due to all authors for their collaborative attitude and, more generally, to all delegates who came to Barcelona and made of the Symposium a first class scientific event. The LISA community has been steadily growing since the Symposium took off in Chilton, near Oxford (UK) back in 1996. The support of such community strongly endorses a complex mission Project, whose short term future requires such support for a much longer term new era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Fundamental Physics. In this sense, the number of attendees and their active interest in the LISA mission sparks optimism. The 7th International LISA Symposium sponsors are also sincerely acknowldged. They are: the Albert Einstein Institute (Hannover), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR), the Barcelona Institute of High Energy Physics (IFAE), the University of Barcelona (UB), the Polytechnique University of Catalunya (UPC), the Spanish Society of General Relativity and Gravitation (SEGRE), CosmoCaixa, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). The latter provided the LISA PathFinder model, a 1:4 scale model whose primer display we

Unique Project of Single-Cutting Head Longwall Shearer Used for Thin Coal Seams Exploitation / Projekt Jednoorganowego Kombajnu ŚCIANOWEGO O Specjalnej Konstrukcji Przeznaczonego do Eksploatacji POKŁADÓW Cienkich

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bołoz, Łukasz

2013-12-01

żowe zamiast płatów), aby powstający podczas frezowania urobek mógł spadać na spąg (Krauze, 2012b). Przykładowe rozwiązanie organu przestrzennego przedstawia fig. 3. Funkcję ładowania, realizowaną normalnie przez płaty, przejmują ładowarki. Rozdzielenie procesu ładowania od procesu frezowania jest jedną z najważniejszych zalet prezentowanego rozwiązania. Podczas pracy w ścianie parametry kinematyczne kombajnu mogą być zwiększane bez ryzyka wystąpienia problemów z ładowaniem na przenośnik, co obok możliwości ruchowych kombajnisty było głównym czynnikiem hamującym wzrost wydobycia. Załadunek urobku na przenośnik odbywa się za pomocą ładowarki, która po zmianie kierunku urabiania składa się, natomiast druga ustawiana jest w pozycji roboczej (Krauze, 2010). Kombajn porusza się tradycyjnie po rynnie przenośnika, jednak przy zastosowaniu cięgnowego systemu posuwu, który zrealizowany jest za pomocą napędów znajdujących się w chodnikach. Rozwiązanie takie umożliwia znaczne zmniejszenie gabarytów kombajnu dzięki usunięciu ciągników z kadłuba. Należy zaznaczyć, że w prezentowanym rozwiązaniu zakłada się zastosowanie pełnej automatyzacja pracy kombajnu i pozostałych maszyn ścianowych, co pozwala na urabianie calizny bez obecności załogi bezpośrednio w wyrobisku. Ma to duże znaczenie dla możliwości zwiększenia prędkości posuwu, szczególnie przy zakresie wysokości 1.0 m÷1.6 m. Przy wykorzystaniu znanych, z rozwiązań strugowych, systemów automatyki, sterowania i diagnostyki wprowadzenie automatyzacji procesu nie będzie stanowiło znaczącego problemu. W proponowanym rozwiązaniu kombajn ma możliwość wyjechania do chodnika na tyle, aby możliwe było zrealizowanie przekładki jak w przypadku strugów. Uzyskuje się wtedy krótki czas przekładki, który w skrajnym przypadku może zmieścić się w tzw. czasie organizacyjnym ściany. Ponadto urabianie odbywa się pełnym zabiorem na całej długości �

EDITORIAL: Proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 16-20 June 2008 Proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 16-20 June 2008

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lobo, Alberto; Sopuerta, Carlos F.

2009-05-01

of Dr Einstein. The Proceedings of the 7th International LISA Symposium are jointly published by the journal Classical and Quantum Gravity (CQG) and the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). This formula has a precedent in the last Amaldi Conference (Sydney 2007), and was motivated by the impossibility to include all communications into a single CQG volume. Plenary speakers were invited to submit their contributions to CQG, as were a number of parallel session authors chosen by the session convenors and the Science Organising Committee (SOC). Authors of the other parallel session presentations and posters were invited to submit to JPCS. All papers have been peer-reviewed prior to being accepted for publication in either journal, and the whole set is a good representation of the talks we heard during the symposium. Thanks are accordingly due to all of the authors for their collaborative attitude and, more generally, to all of the delegates who came to Barcelona and made the symposium a first-class scientific event. The LISA community has been steadily growing since the symposium launched in Chilton, near Oxford (UK), back in 1996. The support of such community strongly endorses a complex mission project, whose short term future requires such support for a much longer term new era of gravitational wave astronomy and fundamental physics. In this sense, the number of attendees and their active interest in the LISA mission sparks optimism. The 7th International LISA Symposium sponsors are also sincerely acknowledged. They are: the Albert Einstein Institute (Hannover), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR), the Barcelona Institute of High Energy Physics (IFAE), the University of Barcelona (UB), the Polytechnique University of Catalunya (UPC), the Spanish Society of General Relativity and Gravitation (SEGRE), CosmoCaixa, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). The latter provided the LISA PathFinder model, a 1:4 scale

Variations in Mechanical Parameters of Rock Mass Affecting Shaft Lining / Zmiany Parametrów Mechanicznych Górotworu I Ich Wpływ Na Obudowę Szybową

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majcherczyk, Tadeusz; Niedbalski, Zbigniew; Wałach, Daniel

2013-09-01

początkowej długości. W otoczeniu głębionego szybu występują grunty spoiste, głównie w postaci glin z przerostami piasków oraz pyły. Taka litologia powoduje, że na różnych poziomach część warstw gruntu jest zawodniona. Wpływa to na dużą zmienność własności gruntów wokół szybu oraz zmiany tych własności w czasie. Przy dużym zawodnieniu grunt był wymywany zza obudowy, co prowadziło do lokalnej utraty kontaktu pomiędzy obudową a otaczającym gruntem oraz braku właści- wego podparcia dla stóp szybowych. Efektem tego było na niewielkim odcinku szybu pękanie obudowy. Podjęte działania, które sprowadziły się do wykonania iniekcji na pewnym odcinku szybu doprowadziły do przywrócenia właściwej współpracy obudowa - górotwór. Przeprowadzone badania gruntu zza obudowy posłużyły do podjęcia działań w celu zwiększenia nośności stóp szybowych. Badania gruntu wykazały, że kąt tarcia wewnętrznego oraz spójność zmieniają się nie tylko na poszczególnych głębokościach, ale także obserwuje się duże różnice dla próbek pobranych z tej samej głębokości ale z różnych punktów na obwodzie szybu. Badania wykazały także wzrost parametrów mechanicznych badanych gruntów wraz z oddalaniem się od obudowy, co świadczy o zmianie własności gruntów bezpośrednio w sąsiedztwie szybu. Duża liczba wykonanych badań pozwoliła na opracowanie zależności pomiędzy wilgotnością a kątem tarcia wewnętrznego i spójnością. Na podstawie uzyskanych zależności można szacować z dużą dokładnością zmianę własności gruntów pod wpływem działania wody. Zrealizowane wzmocnienia stóp szybowych z wykorzystaniem kotew gruntowych pozwoliły na podjęcie dalszego głębienia szybu. Przeprowadzone na analizowanym odcinku badania betonu z obudowy szybu wykazały wartości zgodne z projektem.

Determination of the Friction Work of a Link Chain Interworking with a Sprocket Drum / Wyznaczenie Pracy Tarcia Łańcucha Ogniwowego We Współdziałaniu Z Bębnem Łańcuchowym

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobota, Piotr

2013-09-01

tym istotnym warunkiem określenia wartości sprawności zazębienia łańcuchowego. Na pracę tarcia pary ciernej bęben łańcuchowy - łańcuch ogniwowy składa się praca tarcia ogniwa poziomego w miejscach jego kontaktu z dnem gniazda Ag i flanką zęba Af oraz praca tarcia w przegubach ogniwa poziomego w miejscach kontaktu z ogniwami pionowymi: w przegubie przednim Ap i w przegubie tylnym At. W artykule przedstawiono zależności umożliwiające wyznaczenie wartości tych prac dla określonych relacji geometrycznych pomiędzy łańcuchem a bębnem i różnych warunków tarcia. Dla przykładowych warunków tarcia, zaprezentowano przebiegi względnej pracy tarcia oraz wartości sumarycznej pracy tarcia na dnie gniazda, na flance zęba oraz w przegubie przednim i tylnym ogniw. W czasie eksploatacji ścianowego przenośnika zgrzebłowego następuje - głównie na skutek zużycia - zwiększenie podziałki łańcucha ogniwowego. Zwiększenie długości podziałki łańcucha wynoszące Δp najczęściej opisuje się względnym zwiększeniem podziałki odniesionym do podziałki technologicznej Δp/p i wyrażonym w procentach. Podczas współdziałania bębna łańcuchowego o wymiarach normowych z łańcuchem o zwiększonej podziałce nabiegające ogniwo poziome nie styka się z dnem gniazda na całej swej długości. To zazębienie charakteryzuje się tym, że ogniwa poziome łańcucha znajdujące się na bębnie łańcuchowym o liczbie zębów z są nachylone względem den gniazd pod kątem ɛ tak, że ich torusy przednie stykają się dnami gniazd a torusy tylne stykają się z bokami roboczymi segmentów zębów bębna o kącie pochylenia względem dna gniazda β. W celu jednoznacznego opisu położenia ogniw łańcucha w gniazdach bębna (rys. 1) wyznaczyć należy kąt nachylenia ogniw względem den gniazd koła ɛ, odległość środka przegubu przy torusie przednim ogniwa poziomego od początku boku wieloboku foremnego u oraz kąt obrotu ogniwa pionowego wzgl

A Reliable Method of Completing and Compensating the Results of Measurements of Flow Parameters in a Network of Headings / O Pewnej Metodzie Uzupełniania I Wyrównywania Wyników Pomiarów Parametrów Przepływu W Sieci Wyrobisk Górniczych

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dziurzyński, Wacław; Krach, Andrzej; Pałka, Teresa

2015-03-01

naturalna depresja. Z uwagi na występujące trudności w dostępności wyrobisk jak również na znaczne ich długości, praktyka pokazuje, że pomiary nie są realizowane we wszystkich węzłach i wyrobiskach kopalni. Dlatego podjęto próbę opracowania nowej metodyki prowadzącej do uzupełnienia brakujących danych na podstawie innych dostępnych danych dotyczących np. gęstości powietrza, geometrii wyrobisk i kot niwelacyjnych. Z przyjętej metodyki wynika, że w pierwszej kolejności należy wykonać bilans strumieni masy powietrza w strukturze sieci wyrobisk. Następnie zbudować bazę danych ciśnień w węzłach sieci w oparciu o pomiary i uzupełnić brakujące ciśnienia na podstawie dostępnych wyników pomiarów w sąsiednich węzłach oraz ciśnienia obliczonego z wartości oporu aerodynamicznego wyznaczonego na podstawie geometrii wyrobiska i znanego strumienia objętości. W artykule przedstawiono metodykę wyrównywania i bilansowania strumieni objętości powietrza w sieci wyrobisk (rozdz. 2) oraz metodykę wyznaczania ciśnień (rozdz. 3) w węzłach sieci wyrobisk. Opracowane algorytmy obliczeń wprowadzono do systemu programów VentGraph, które zostały sprawdzone poprzez obliczenia dla przykładu wybranego rejonu kopalnianej sieci wentylacyjnej. Wyniki obliczeń przedstawiono w postaci tabelarycznej. W podsumowaniu omówiono wady i zalety przyjętej metodyki.

Dynamics of Non-Uniformity Loads of Afc Drives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dolipski, Marian; Remiorz, Eryk; Sobota, Piotr

2014-03-01

The length of armoured face conveyors currently used in hard coal mines most often ranges between 200 m and 300 m. The machines are equipped with a main and auxiliary drive. Asynchronous motors mounted in conveyor drives feature the capacity of several hundreds of kilowatts. The non-uniform distribution of loads onto individual drives is observed in practice. The numerical value of loads distribution onto the individual armoured face conveyor drives is represented by a drive load distribution factor. It is defined as a ratio between the load of an electric motor installed in a given drive and the total conveyor load. The article presents a physical armoured face conveyor model intended for examining dynamic phenomena influencing the load non-uniformity of drives. Motion in this physical model is described with the system of (4 · j + 5) non-linear ordinary differential quotations of the second order. A mathematical model is obtained by adding functions describing the interwork of sprocket drums with chains and functions approximating the mechanical characteristics of asynchronous motors powered by means of frequency inverters. A large number of computer simulations was performed using this model enabling to study the impact on the load non-uniformity of drives of such parameters as motor slip, motor supply voltage drop, variations in supply voltage frequency, differences in the gear ratio of transmissions and differentiation in the pitch of scraper chain links along the chain contour. Długość przenośników zgrzebłowych ścianowych stosowanych obecnie w kopalniach węgla kamiennego najczęściej mieści się w przedziale od 200 m do 300 m. Maszyny te wyposażone są zawsze w napęd główny i pomocniczy, przy czym pierwszy z nich wyniesiony jest do chodnika podścianowego. Silniki napędowe o mocy kilkuset kilowatów napędzają bęben łańcuchowy przez sprzęgło i przekładnię zębatą. Z kolei bębny łańcuchowe poruszają łańcuch zgrzebłowy, kt

Commentary on: "Randomized, controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial assessing treatment preference for pazopanib versus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: PISCES study." Escudier B, Porta C, Bono P, Powles T, Eisen T, Sternberg CN, Gschwend JE, De Giorgi U, Parikh O, Hawkins R, Sevin E, Négrier S, Khan S, Diaz J, Redhu S, Mehmud F, Cella D. Bernard Escudier, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Emmanuel Sevin, Centre François Baclesse, Caen; Sylvie Négrier, Leon Berard Cancer Center, Lyon, France; Camillo Porta, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia; Cora N Sternberg, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome; Ugo De Giorgi, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; Petri Bono, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Thomas Powles, Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London; Tim Eisen, Cambridge University Health Partners, Cambridge; Omi Parikh, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire; Robert Hawkins, Christie Cancer Research UK, Manchester; Sadya Khan, Jose Diaz, and Faisal Mehmud, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; Jürgen E Gschwend, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany; Suman Redhu, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.: J Clin Oncol. 2014 May 10;32(14):1412-1418; doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.8267. [Epub 2014 Mar 31].

PubMed

Trump, Donald

2016-05-01

Patient-reported outcomes may help inform treatment choice in advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly between approved targeted therapies with similar efficacy. This double-blind crossover study evaluated patient preference for pazopanib or sunitinib and the influence of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and safety factors on their stated preference. Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were randomly assigned to pazopanib 800mg per day for 10 weeks, a 2-week washout, and then sunitinib 50mg per day (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off, 4weeks on) for 10 weeks, or the reverse sequence. The primary end point, patient preference for a specific treatment, was assessed by questionnaire at the end of the two treatment periods. Other end points and analyses included reasons for preference, physician preference, safety, and HRQoL. Of 169 randomly assigned patients, 114 met the following prespecified modified intent-to-treat criteria for the primary analysis: exposure to both treatments, no disease progression before cross over, and completion of the preference questionnaire. Significantly more patients preferred pazopanib (70%) over sunitinib (22%); 8% expressed no preference (P<.001). All preplanned sensitivity analyses, including the intent-to-treat population, statistically favored pazopanib. Less fatigue and better overall quality of life were the main reasons for preferring pazopanib, with less diarrhea being the most cited reason for preferring sunitinib. Physicians also preferred pazopanib (61%) over sunitinib (22%); 17% expressed no preference. Adverse events were consistent with each drug׳s known profile. Pazopanib was superior to sunitinib in HRQoL measures evaluating fatigue, hand/foot soreness, and mouth/throat soreness. This innovative crossover trial demonstrated a significant patient preference for pazopanib over sunitinib, with HRQoL and safety as key influencing factors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

HISTORICAL MEMOIR: The play of light in crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zakharchenya, Boris Petrovitch

2008-11-01

painting, and he appreciated the bold imaginative speculation in all those kinds of creative activity. In Gross' small laboratory at PhysTech, new exciton effects poured down as if from a cornucopia. In 1952, two exciton series were observed. One of them was an electron and a light hole, the other, an electron and a heavy hole. This suggested the existence of a fundamental phenomenon in semiconductors, namely, the spin--orbit splitting of energy bands. Soon we were able to observe the influence of external electric fields on excitons, something like the Stark effect for atoms. It seemed to be a wonder. Nobody had yet managed to observe the effect of electric fields on the spectra of crystals, because the intracrystalline fields are many times larger than the external one that we can apply to the crystal. But an exciton, as has already been mentioned, is a mega-atom of large size and is polarized easily in small external fields. I remember how amazed Abram Feodorovich Ioffe was by that experiment. Tapping me on the shoulder in a friendly way, he repeated: 'What a good work you've done!' The father of Soviet physics was then 73. The gigantic radius of exciton orbits allowed the diamagnetic shift of energy states to occur in a magnetic field. Generally speaking, it was a relativistic effect, which had been observed earlier by E Segre and E Amaldi for free atoms in a very cumbersome experiment. Notwithstanding these experimental fireworks, the exciton was scarcely believed in. Sceptical colleagues declared that Gross had observed a trivial impurity spectrum. I remember that, at one of the seminars, academician Alexander Nikolayevich Terenin, a very estimable man of science, came up to me and said: 'Young man, don't believe in Gross' ventures! The exciton is the same as phlogiston.' It will be recalled that a hypothetic substance 'phlogiston', or 'teplorod' in Russian, had been disproved by experiments carried out by Lavoisier and Lomonosov almost two and a half centuries