Simulated Guide Stars: Adapting the Robo-AO Telescope Simulator to UH 88”

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashcraft, Jaren; Baranec, Christoph

2018-01-01

Robo-AO is an autonomous adaptive optics system that is in development for the UH 88” Telescope on the Mauna Kea Observatory. This system is capable of achieving near diffraction limited imaging for astronomical telescopes, and has seen successful deployment and use at the Palomar and Kitt Peak Observatories previously. A key component of this system, the telescope simulator, will be adapted from the Palomar Observatory design to fit the UH 88” Telescope. The telescope simulator will simulate the exit pupil of the UH 88” telescope so that the greater Robo-AO system can be calibrated before observing runs. The system was designed in Code V, and then further improved upon in Zemax for later development. Alternate design forms were explored for the potential of adapting the telescope simulator to the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, where simulating the exit pupil of the telescope proved to be more problematic. A proposed design composed of solely catalog optics was successfully produced for both telescopes, and they await assembly as time comes to construct the new Robo-AO system.

UH cosmic rays and solar system material - The elements just beyond iron

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wefel, J. P.; Schramm, D. N.; Blake, J. B.

1977-01-01

The nucleosynthesis of cosmic-ray elements between the iron peak and the rare-earth region is examined, and compositional changes introduced by propagation in interstellar space are calculated. Theories on the origin of elements heavier than iron are reviewed, a supernova model of explosive nucleosynthesis is adopted for the ultraheavy (UH) cosmic rays, and computational results for different source distributions are compared with experimental data. It is shown that both the cosmic-ray data and the nucleosynthesis calculations are not yet of sufficient precision to pinpoint the processes occurring in cosmic-ray source regions, that the available data do provide boundary conditions for cosmic-ray nucleosynthesis, and that these limits may apply to the origin of elements in the solar system. Specifically, it is concluded that solar-system abundances appear to be consistent with a superposition of the massive-star core-helium-burning s-process plus explosive-carbon-burning synthesis for the elements from Cu to As and are explained adequately by the s- and r-processes for heavier elements.

Experimental observations of nonlinearly enhanced 2omega-UH electromagnetic radiation excited by steady-state colliding electron beams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Intrator, T.; Hershkowitz, N.; Chan, C.

1984-01-01

Counterstreaming large-diameter electron beams in a steady-state laboratory experiment are observed to generate transverse radiation at twice the upper-hybrid frequency (2omega-UH) with a quadrupole radiation pattern. The electromagnetic wave power density is nonlinearly enhanced over the power density obtained from a single beam-plasma system. Electromagnetic power density scales exponentially with beam energy and increases with ion mass. Weak turbulence theory can predict similar (but weaker) beam energy scaling but not the high power density, or the predominance of the 2omega-UH radiation peak over the omega-UH peak. Significant noise near the upper-hybrid and ion plasma frequencies is also measured, with normalized electrostatic wave energy density W(ES)/n(e)T(e) approximately 0.01.

UNBROKEN: UH 1N AIRCREW CONTINUE OPS DESPITE WEAK HEARING PROTECTION

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-29

AU/ACSC/2016 AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY UNBROKEN: UH-1N AIRCREW CONTINUE OPS DESPITE WEAK HEARING... student training. The final one at Fairchild AFB, Washington, is focused on search and rescue operations and supports the Survival, Evasion

Modeling of UH-60A Hub Accelerations with Neural Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kottapalli, Sesi

2002-01-01

Neural network relationships between the full-scale, flight test hub accelerations and the corresponding three N/rev pilot floor vibration components (vertical, lateral, and longitudinal) are studied. The present quantitative effort on the UH-60A Black Hawk hub accelerations considers the lateral and longitudinal vibrations. An earlier study had considered the vertical vibration. The NASA/Army UH-60A Airloads Program flight test database is used. A physics based "maneuver-effect-factor (MEF)", derived using the roll-angle and the pitch-rate, is used. Fundamentally, the lateral vibration data show high vibration levels (up to 0.3 g's) at low airspeeds (for example, during landing flares) and at high airspeeds (for example, during turns). The results show that the advance ratio and the gross weight together can predict the vertical and the longitudinal vibration. However, the advance ratio and the gross weight together cannot predict the lateral vibration. The hub accelerations and the advance ratio can be used to satisfactorily predict the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal vibration. The present study shows that neural network based representations of all three UH-60A pilot floor vibration components (vertical, lateral, and longitudinal) can be obtained using the hub accelerations along with the gross weight and the advance ratio. The hub accelerations are clearly a factor in determining the pilot vibration. The present conclusions potentially allow for the identification of neural network relationships between the experimental hub accelerations obtained from wind tunnel testing and the experimental pilot vibration data obtained from flight testing. A successful establishment of the above neural network based link between the wind tunnel hub accelerations and the flight test vibration data can increase the value of wind tunnel testing.

Fidelity assessment of a UH-60A simulation on the NASA Ames vertical motion simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Atencio, Adolph, Jr.

1993-01-01

Helicopter handling qualities research requires that a ground-based simulation be a high-fidelity representation of the actual helicopter, especially over the frequency range of the investigation. This experiment was performed to assess the current capability to simulate the UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter on the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames, to develop a methodology for assessing the fidelity of a simulation, and to find the causes for lack of fidelity. The approach used was to compare the simulation to the flight vehicle for a series of tasks performed in flight and in the simulator. The results show that subjective handling qualities ratings from flight to simulator overlap, and the mathematical model matches the UH-60A helicopter very well over the range of frequencies critical to handling qualities evaluation. Pilot comments, however, indicate a need for improvement in the perceptual fidelity of the simulation in the areas of motion and visual cuing. The methodology used to make the fidelity assessment proved useful in showing differences in pilot work load and strategy, but additional work is needed to refine objective methods for determining causes of lack of fidelity.

Implementing the UH Asynchronous Learning Network: Practices, Issues and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Odin, Jaishree K.

2002-01-01

In spite of ten campuses spread over four islands, access to higher education at the University of Hawai'i (UH) is unevenly distributed across the state. In an effort to address the problem of access, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation has funded the University of Hawai'i to develop online courses and programs. In this article, the author describes…

Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from a UH-1H helicopter engine and its impact on the ambient environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yu-Cheng; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Uang, Shi-Nian; Lee, Su-Hsing; Tsai, Perng-Jy

The objective of this study is to characterize the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a UH-1H helicopter turboshaft engine and its impact on the ambient environment. Five power settings of the ground idle (GI), fly idle (FI), beed band check (BBC), inlet guide vane (IGV), and take off (TO) were selected and samples were collected from the exhaust by using an isokinetic sampling system. Twenty-two PAH compounds were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC)/MS. We found the mean total PAH concentration in the exhaust of the UH-1H engine (843 μg m -3) is 1.05-51.7 times in magnitude higher than those of the heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine, motor vehicle engine, and F101 aircraft engine. Two- and three-ringed PAHs account for 97.5% of total PAH emissions from the UH-1H engine. The mean total PAH and total BaP eq emission factors for the UH-1H engine (63.4 and 0.309 mg L -1·fuel) is 1.65-23.4 and 1.30-7.54 times in magnitude higher than those for the motor vehicle engine, HDD engine, and F101 aircraft engine. The total emission level of the single PAH compound, BaP, for the UH-1H engine (EL BaP) during one landing and take off (LTO) cycle (2.19 mg LTO -1) was higher than the European Commission standard (1.24 mg LTO -1) suggesting that appropriate measures should be taken to reduce PAH emissions from UH-1H engines in the future.

Survivability on the Island of Spice: The Development of the UH-60 Blackhawk and Its Baptism of Fire in Operation Urgent Fury

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

SURVIVABILITY ON THE ISLAND OF SPICE : THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UH-60 BLACKHAWK AND ITS BAPTISM OF FIRE IN OPERATION URGENT FURY......THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Name of Candidate: Major Matthew G. Easley Thesis Title: Survivability on the Island of Spice : The Development of the UH

Blade Deflection Measurements of a Full-Scale UH-60A Rotor System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olson, Lawrence E.; Abrego, Anita; Barrows, Danny A.; Burner, Alpheus W.

2010-01-01

Blade deflection (BD) measurements using stereo photogrammetry have been made during the individual blade control (IBC) testing of a UH-60A 4-bladed rotor system in the 40 by 80-foot test section of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC). Measurements were made in quadrants one and two, encompassing advance ratios from 0.15 to 0.40, thrust coefficient/solidities from 0.05 to 0.12 and rotor-system drive shaft angles from 0.0 to -9.6 deg. The experiment represents a significant step toward providing benchmark databases to be utilized by theoreticians in the development and validation of rotorcraft prediction techniques. In addition to describing the stereo measurement technique and reporting on preliminary measurements made to date, the intent of this paper is to encourage feedback from the rotorcraft community concerning continued analysis of acquired data and to solicit suggestions for improved test technique and areas of emphasis for measurements in the upcoming UH-60A Airloads test at the NFAC.

Helicopter noise definition report: UH-60A, S-76, A-109, 206-L

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-12-31

This document presents noise data for the Sikorsky UH-60A Blackhawk, the Sikorsky S-76 Spirit, the Agusta A-109 and the Bell 206-L. The acoustical data are accompanied by phototheodolite tracking data, cockpit instrument panel photo data, and meteoro...

Human Factors Assessment of the UH-60M Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS) Crew Station During the Limited User Evaluation (LEUE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

weapon system evaluation as a high-level architecture and distributed interactive simulation 6 compliant, human-in-the-loop, virtual environment...Directorate to participate in the Limited Early User Evaluation (LEUE) of the Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS) cockpit. ARL conducted a human...CAAS, the UH-60M PO conducted a limited early user evaluation (LEUE) to evaluate the integration of the CAAS in the UH-60M crew station. The

Blade Displacement Measurements of the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrows, Danny A.; Burner, Alpheus W.; Abrego, Anita I.; Olson, Lawrence E.

2011-01-01

Blade displacement measurements were acquired during a wind tunnel test of the full-scale UH-60A Airloads rotor. The test was conducted in the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex at NASA Ames Research Center. Multi-camera photogrammetry was used to measure the blade displacements of the four-bladed rotor. These measurements encompass a range of test conditions that include advance ratios from 0.15 to unique slowed-rotor simulations as high as 1.0, thrust coefficient to rotor solidity ratios from 0.01 to 0.13, and rotor shaft angles from -10.0 to 8.0 degrees. The objective of these measurements is to provide a benchmark blade displacement database to be utilized in the development and validation of rotorcraft computational tools. The methodology, system development, measurement techniques, and preliminary sample blade displacement measurements are presented.

Comparison of NASTRAN analysis with ground vibration results of UH-60A NASA/AEFA test configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Idosor, Florentino; Seible, Frieder

1990-01-01

Preceding program flight tests, a ground vibration test and modal test analysis of a UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter was conducted by Sikorsky Aircraft to complement the UH-60A test plan and NASA/ARMY Modern Technology Rotor Airloads Program. The 'NASA/AEFA' shake test configuration was tested for modal frequencies and shapes and compared with its NASTRAN finite element model counterpart to give correlative results. Based upon previous findings, significant differences in modal data existed and were attributed to assumptions regarding the influence of secondary structure contributions in the preliminary NASTRAN modeling. An analysis of an updated finite element model including several secondary structural additions has confirmed that the inclusion of specific secondary components produces a significant effect on modal frequency and free-response shapes and improves correlations at lower frequencies with shake test data.

Analysis of propulsion system dynamics in the validation of a high-order state space model of the UH-60

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Frederick D.

1992-01-01

Frequency responses generated from a high-order linear model of the UH-60 Black Hawk have shown that the propulsion system influences significantly the vertical and yaw dynamics of the aircraft at frequencies important to high-bandwidth control law designs. The inclusion of the propulsion system comprises the latest step in the development of a high-order linear model of the UH-60 that models additionally the dynamics of the fuselage, rotor, and inflow. A complete validation study of the linear model is presented in the frequency domain for both on-axis and off-axis coupled responses in the hoverflight condition, and on-axis responses for forward speeds of 80 and 120 knots.

Comparison of Computed and Measured Vortex Evolution for a UH-60A Rotor in Forward Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahmad, Jasim Uddin; Yamauchi, Gloria K.; Kao, David L.

2013-01-01

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using the Navier-Stokes equations was performed to determine the evolutionary and dynamical characteristics of the vortex flowfield for a highly flexible aeroelastic UH-60A rotor in forward flight. The experimental wake data were acquired using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) during a test of the fullscale UH-60A rotor in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. The PIV measurements were made in a stationary cross-flow plane at 90 deg rotor azimuth. The CFD simulation was performed using the OVERFLOW CFD solver loosely coupled with the rotorcraft comprehensive code CAMRAD II. Characteristics of vortices captured in the PIV plane from different blades are compared with CFD calculations. The blade airloads were calculated using two different turbulence models. A limited spatial, temporal, and CFD/comprehensive-code coupling sensitivity analysis was performed in order to verify the unsteady helicopter simulations with a moving rotor grid system.

A model structure for identification of linear models of the UH-60 helicopter in hover and forward flight

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-08-01

A linear model structure applicable to identification of the UH-60 flight : dynamics in hover and forward flight without rotor-state data is developed. The : structure of the model is determined through consideration of the important : dynamic modes ...

Computation of UH-60A Airloads Using CFD/CSD Coupling on Unstructured Meshes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biedron, Robert T.; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.

2011-01-01

An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured grids is used to compute the rotor airloads on the UH-60A helicopter at high-speed and high thrust conditions. The flow solver is coupled to a rotorcraft comprehensive code in order to account for trim and aeroelastic deflections. Simulations are performed both with and without the fuselage, and the effects of grid resolution, temporal resolution and turbulence model are examined. Computed airloads are compared to flight data.

UH-1 Helicopter Mechanic (MOS 67N20) Job Description Survey: Performance of Specific Maintenance Tasks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Russel E.; And Others

The report is the second of two describing the results of a world-wide survey of the maintenance activities of UH-1 helicopter mechanics for the purpose of studying the relationships among job requirements, training, and manpower considerations for aviation maintenance. A summary of the results of the first report is included. The survey…

UH-1 Helicopter Mechanic (MOS 67N20) Job Description Survey: Background, Training, and General Maintenance Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Russel E.; And Others

The report, the first of two documents examining the relationship among job requirements, training, and manpower considerations for Army aviation maintenance Personnel, discusses the development of task data gathering techniques and procedures for incorporating this data into training programs for the UH-1 helicopter mechanic sPecialty (MOS…

Testing of UH-60A helicopter transmission in NASA Lewis 2240-kW (3000-hp) facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, A. M.; Oswald, F. B.; Coe, H. H.

1986-01-01

The U.S. Army's UH-60A Black Hawk 2240-kW (3000-hp) class, twin-engine helicopter transmission was tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The vibration and efficiency test results will be used to enhance the data base for similar-class helicopters. Most of the data were obtained for a matrix of test conditions of 50 to 100 percent of rated rotor speed and 20 to 100 percent of rated input power. The transmission's mechanical efficiency at 100 percent of rated power was 97.3 and 97.5 percent with its inlet oil maintained at 355 and 372 K (180 and 210 F), respectively. The highest vibration reading was 72 g's rms at the upper housing side wall. Other vibration levels measured near the gear meshes are reported.

ET-26 hydrochloride (ET-26 HCl) has similar hemodynamic stability to that of etomidate in normal and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) rats.

PubMed

Wang, Bin; Chen, Shouming; Yang, Jun; Yang, Linghui; Liu, Jin; Zhang, Wensheng

2017-01-01

ET-26 HCl is a promising sedative-hypnotic anesthetic with virtually no effect on adrenocortical steroid synthesis. However, whether or not ET-26 HCl also has a sufficiently wide safety margin and hemodynamic stability similar to that of etomidate and related compounds remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ET-26 HCl, etomidate and propofol on therapeutic index, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rise (Dmax/t), and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure decline (Dmin/t) were investigated in healthy rats and a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS). 50% effective dose (ED50) and 50% lethal dose (LD50) were determined after single bolus doses of propofol, etomidate, or ET-26 HCl using the Bliss method and the up and down method, respectively. All rats were divided into either the normal group and received either etomidate, ET-26 HCl or propofol, (n = 6 per group) or the UHS group and received either etomidate, ET-26 HCl or propofol, (n = 6 per group). In the normal group, after preparation for hemodynamic and heart-function monitoring, rats were administered a dose of one of the test agents twofold-higher than the established ED50, followed by hemodynamic and heart-function monitoring. Rats in the UHS group underwent experimentally induced UHS with a target arterial pressure of 40 mmHg for 1 hour, followed by administration of an ED50 dose of one of the experimental agents. Blood-gas analysis was conducted on samples obtained during equilibration with the experimental setup and at the end of the experiment. In the normal group, no significant differences in HR, MAP, Dmax/t and Dmin/t (all P > 0.05) were observed at any time point between the etomidate and ET-26 HCl groups, whereas HR, MAP and Dmax/t decreased briefly and Dmin/t increased following propofol administration. In the UHS group, no significant differences in HR, MAP, Dmax/t and Dmin/t were observed before and after administration

Evaluation of Wind Tunnel and Scaling Effects with the UH-60A Airloads Rotor

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

V! free-stream velocity, ft/s x chordwise distance from leading edge, ft #c, #s corrected/geometric shaft angles, deg $1c, $1s cos/sin components...attached to spindles that were retained by elastomeric bearings to a one-piece titanium hub. These bearings permitted blade flap, lead-lag, and...Figure 3. UH-60A small-scale rotor installed in DNW. Main rotor dampers were installed between each of the main rotor spindles and the hub to

"Uh," "Um," and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irvine, Christina A.; Eigsti, Inge-Marie; Fein, Deborah A.

2016-01-01

Filler disfluencies--"uh" and "um"--are thought to serve distinct discourse functions. We examined fillers in spontaneous speech by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who struggle with pragmatic language, and by youth with ASD who have achieved an "optimal outcome" (OO), as well as in peers with typical…

Accelerated Testing of UH-60 Viscous Bearings for Degraded Grease Fault

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dykas, Brian; Hood, Adrian; Krantz, Timothy; Klemmer, Marko

2015-01-01

An accelerated aging investigation of critical aviation bearings lubricated with MIL-PRF- 81322 grease was conducted to derive an understanding of the mechanisms of grease degradation and loss of lubrication over time. The current study focuses on UH-60 Black Hawk viscous damper bearings supporting the tail rotor driveshaft, which were subjected to more than 5800 hours of testing in a heated environment to accelerate the deterioration of the grease. The mechanism of grease degradation is a reduction in the oil/thickener ratio rather than the expected chemical degradation of grease constituents. Over the course of testing, vibration and temperature monitoring of bearings was conducted and trends for failing bearings are presented.

Airloads Correlation of the UH-60A Rotor Inside the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chang, I-Chung; Norman, Thomas R.; Romander, Ethan A.

2013-01-01

The presented research validates the capability of a loosely-coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and comprehensive rotorcraft analysis (CRA) code to calculate the flowfield around a rotor and test stand mounted inside a wind tunnel. The CFD/CRA predictions for the full-scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor inside the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center are compared with the latest measured airloads and performance data. The studied conditions include a speed sweep at constant lift up to an advance ratio of 0.4 and a thrust sweep at constant speed up to and including stall. For the speed sweep, wind tunnel modeling becomes important at advance ratios greater than 0.37 and test stand modeling becomes increasingly important as the advance ratio increases. For the thrust sweep, both the wind tunnel and test stand modeling become important as the rotor approaches stall. Despite the beneficial effects of modeling the wind tunnel and test stand, the new models do not completely resolve the current airload discrepancies between prediction and experiment.

Application of Neural Networks to Predict UH-60L Electrical Generator Condition using (IMD-HUMS) Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Data transfer unit ( DTU ) • Remote data concentrator (RDC) • Main processor unit (MPU) • 2 junction boxes (JB1/JB2) • 20 drive train and...NETWORKS TO PREDICT UH-60L ELECTRICAL GENERATOR CONDITION USING (IMD-HUMS) DATA by Evangelos Tourvalis December 2006 Thesis Advisor...including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the

If You Say Thee Uh You Are Describing Something Hard: The On-Line Attribution of Disfluency during Reference Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Jennifer E.; Kam, Carla L. Hudson; Tanenhaus, Michael K.

2007-01-01

Eye-tracking and gating experiments examined reference comprehension with fluent (Click on the red. . .) and disfluent (Click on [pause] thee uh red . . .) instructions while listeners viewed displays with 2 familiar (e.g., ice cream cones) and 2 unfamiliar objects (e.g., squiggly shapes). Disfluent instructions made unfamiliar objects more…

A failure effects simulation of a low authority flight control augmentation system on a UH-1H helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corliss, L. D.; Talbot, P. D.

1977-01-01

A two-pilot moving base simulator experiment was conducted to assess the effects of servo failures of a flight control system on the transient dynamics of a Bell UH-1H helicopter. The flight control hardware considered was part of the V/STOLAND system built with control authorities of from 20-40%. Servo hardover and oscillatory failures were simulated in each control axis. Measurements were made to determine the adequacy of the failure monitoring system time delay and the servo center and lock time constant, the pilot reaction times, and the altitude and attitude excursions of the helicopter at hover and 60 knots. Safe recoveries were made from all failures under VFR conditions. Pilot reaction times were from 0.5 to 0.75 sec. Reduction of monitor delay times below these values resulted in significantly reduced excursion envelopes. A subsequent flight test was conducted on a UH-1H helicopter with the V/STOLAND system installed. Series servo hardovers were introduced in hover and at 60 knots straight and level. Data from these tests are included for comparison.

Gear tooth stress measurements on the UH-60A helicopter transmission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oswald, Fred B.

1987-01-01

The U.S. Army UH-60A (Black Hawk) 2200-kW (3000-hp) class twin-engine helicopter transmission was tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Results from these experimental (strain-gage) stress tests will enhance the data base for gear stress levels in transmissions of a similar power level. Strain-gage measurements were performed on the transmission's spiral-bevel combining pinions, the planetary Sun gear, and ring gear. Tests were performed at rated speed and at torque levels 25 to 100 percent that of rated. One measurement series was also taken at a 90 percent speed level. The largest stress found was 760 MPa (110 ksi) on the combining pinion fillet. This is 230 percent greater than the AGMA index stress. Corresponding mean and alternating stresses were 300 and 430 MPa (48 and 62 ksi). These values are within the range of successful test experience reported for other transmissions. On the fillet of the ring gear, the largest stress found was 410 MPa (59 ksi). The ring-gear peak stress was found to be 11 percent less than an analytical (computer simulation) value and it is 24 percent greater than the AGMA index stress. A peak compressive stress of 650 MPa (94 ksi) was found at the center of the Sun gear tooth root.

Experimental Investigation and Fundamental Understanding of a Slowed UH-60A Rotor at High Advance Ratios

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Datta, Anubhav; Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Norman, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

This paper describes and analyzes the measurements from a full-scale, slowed RPM, UH-60A rotor tested at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 40- by 80- ft wind tunnel up to an advance ratio of 1.0. A comprehensive set of measurements, that includes performance, blade loads, hub loads and pressures/airloads makes this data set unique. The measurements reveal new and rich aeromechanical phenomena that are special to this exotic regime. These include reverse chord dynamic stall, retreating side impulse in pitch-link load, large inboard-outboard elastic twist differential, supersonic flow at low subsonic advancing tip Mach numbers, diminishing rotor forces yet dramatic build up of blade loads, and dramatic blade loads yet benign levels of vibratory hub loads. The objective of this research is the fundamental understanding of these unique aeromechanical phenomena. The intent is to provide useful knowledge for the design of high speed, high efficiency, slowed RPM rotors of the future and a challenging database for advanced analyses validation.

A Model-based Health Monitoring and Diagnostic System for the UH-60 Helicopter. Appendix D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson-Hine, Ann; Hindson, William; Sanderfer, Dwight; Deb, Somnath; Domagala, Chuck

2001-01-01

Model-based reasoning techniques hold much promise in providing comprehensive monitoring and diagnostics capabilities for complex systems. We are exploring the use of one of these techniques, which utilizes multi-signal modeling and the TEAMS-RT real-time diagnostic engine, on the UH-60 Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) flight research aircraft. We focus on the engine and transmission systems, and acquire sensor data across the 1553 bus as well as by direct analog-to-digital conversion from sensors to the QHuMS (Qualtech health and usage monitoring system) computer. The QHuMS computer uses commercially available components and is rack-mounted in the RASCAL facility. A multi-signal model of the transmission and engine subsystems enables studies of system testability and analysis of the degree of fault isolation available with various instrumentation suites. The model and examples of these analyses will be described and the data architectures enumerated. Flight tests of this system will validate the data architecture and provide real-time flight profiles to be further analyzed in the laboratory.

Origins of Life Research: a Bibliometric Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aydinoglu, Arsev Umur; Taşkın, Zehra

2018-03-01

This study explores the collaborative nature and interdisciplinarity of the origin(s) of life (OoL) research community. Although OoL research is one of the oldest topics in philosophy, religion, and science; to date there has been no review of the field utilizing bibliometric measures. A dataset of 5647 publications that are tagged as OoL, astrobiology, exobiology, and prebiotic chemistry is analyzed. The most prolific authors (Raulin, Ehrenfreund, McKay, Cleaves, Cockell, Lazcano, etc.), most cited scholars and their articles (Miller 1953, Gilbert 1986, Chyba & Sagan 1992, Wolchtershauser 1988, etc.), and popular journals ( Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres and Astrobiology) for OoL research are identified. Moreover, interdisciplinary research conducted through research networks, institutions (NASA, Caltech, University of Arizona, University of Washington, CNRS, etc.), and keywords & concepts (astrobiology, life, Mars, amino acid, prebiotic chemistry, evolution, RNA) are explored.

Flight Test Identification and Simulation of a UH-60A Helicopter and Slung Load

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cicolani, Luigi S.; Sahai, Ranjana; Tucker, George E.; McCoy, Allen H.; Tyson, Peter H.; Tischler, Mark B.; Rosen, Aviv

2001-01-01

Helicopter slung-load operations are common in both military and civil contexts. Helicopters and loads are often qualified for these operations by means of flight tests, which can be expensive and time consuming. There is significant potential to reduce such costs both through revisions in flight-test methods and by using validated simulation models. To these ends, flight tests were conducted at Moffett Field to demonstrate the identification of key dynamic parameters during flight tests (aircraft stability margins and handling-qualities parameters, and load pendulum stability), and to accumulate a data base for simulation development and validation. The test aircraft was a UH-60A Black Hawk, and the primary test load was an instrumented 8- by 6- by 6-ft cargo container. Tests were focused on the lateral and longitudinal axes, which are the axes most affected by the load pendulum modes in the frequency range of interest for handling qualities; tests were conducted at airspeeds from hover to 80 knots. Using telemetered data, the dynamic parameters were evaluated in near real time after each test airspeed and before clearing the aircraft to the next test point. These computations were completed in under 1 min. A simulation model was implemented by integrating an advanced model of the UH-60A aerodynamics, dynamic equations for the two-body slung-load system, and load static aerodynamics obtained from wind-tunnel measurements. Comparisons with flight data for the helicopter alone and with a slung load showed good overall agreement for all parameters and test points; however, unmodeled secondary dynamic losses around 2 Hz were found in the helicopter model and they resulted in conservative stability margin estimates.

Correlating CFD Simulation with Wind Tunnel Test for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Romandr, Ethan; Norman, Thomas R.; Chang, I-Chung

2011-01-01

Data from the recent UH-60A Airloads Test in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center are presented and compared to predictions computed by a loosely coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)/Comprehensive analysis. Primary calculations model the rotor in free-air, but initial calculations are presented including a model of the tunnel test section. The conditions studied include a speed sweep at constant lift up to an advance ratio of 0.4 and a thrust sweep at constant speed into deep stall. Predictions show reasonable agreement with measurement for integrated performance indicators such as power and propulsive but occasionally deviate significantly. Detailed analysis of sectional airloads reveals good correlation in overall trends for normal force and pitching moment but pitching moment mean often differs. Chord force is frequently plagued by mean shifts and an overprediction of drag on the advancing side. Locations of significant aerodynamic phenomena are predicted accurately although the magnitude of individual events is often missed.

Sustainability and the origins of wildland fire research

Treesearch

Diane M. Smith

2015-01-01

When looking for the origins of wildland fire research in the Forest Service, forester C. E. (Mike) Hardy makes the case for 1922, when Harry Gisborne became the agency’s first full-time fire researcher. Leading fire historian Stephen Pyne argues that fire research originated under the leadership of Coert DuBois, who oversaw the first fire case study in 1911, the first...

Historical Development of Origins Research

PubMed Central

Lazcano, Antonio

2010-01-01

Following the publication of the Origin of Species in 1859, many naturalists adopted the idea that living organisms were the historical outcome of gradual transformation of lifeless matter. These views soon merged with the developments of biochemistry and cell biology and led to proposals in which the origin of protoplasm was equated with the origin of life. The heterotrophic origin of life proposed by Oparin and Haldane in the 1920s was part of this tradition, which Oparin enriched by transforming the discussion of the emergence of the first cells into a workable multidisciplinary research program. On the other hand, the scientific trend toward understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level led authors like Troland, Muller, and others to propose that single molecules or viruses represented primordial living systems. The contrast between these opposing views on the origin of life represents not only contrasting views of the nature of life itself, but also major ideological discussions that reached a surprising intensity in the years following Stanley Miller’s seminal result which showed the ease with which organic compounds of biochemical significance could be synthesized under putative primitive conditions. In fact, during the years following the Miller experiment, attempts to understand the origin of life were strongly influenced by research on DNA replication and protein biosynthesis, and, in socio-political terms, by the atmosphere created by Cold War tensions. The catalytic versatility of RNA molecules clearly merits a critical reappraisal of Muller’s viewpoint. However, the discovery of ribozymes does not imply that autocatalytic nucleic acid molecules ready to be used as primordial genes were floating in the primitive oceans, or that the RNA world emerged completely assembled from simple precursors present in the prebiotic soup. The evidence supporting the presence of a wide range of organic molecules on the primitive Earth, including membrane

Helicopter Noise Definition Report UH-60A, S-76, A-109, 206-L

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

ALL THE WORLDS AIRCRAF~ 25 -.. H., . . . I - I’I Fi.I 2.3. Sikrsk UH .0A "Bla *khaw -" | r a’ Fig. 2.3.2 Sikoraky S-76, "Spirit" -. q A,~ ~ j A. "I...1305 1:2 -04830 8545 82+9 75*1 O1,6 87,b Sete 11,5 10s5 1#2 -1*0 31 85.7 83,3 75,1 80.0 86#6 67,7 16#5 150 1#1 -0#7 32 83.7 81.2 73.5 79.3 85,6 8669...RIO. TIMITIKE PNLTP WAR REOORDED RAOD TIMiTIME PNLTM WAS RADIATED R/OlAIORAFT RPATE OLI•ND OR DS6ENT O’D-ANGtOL•IM OR DESCENT ANGE.E G*6GROUND SPEED

Uh and um in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders or Language Impairment

PubMed Central

Gorman, Kyle; Olson, Lindsay; Presmanes Hill, Alison; Lunsford, Rebecca; Heeman, Peter A.; van Santen, Jan P. H.

2016-01-01

Atypical pragmatic language is often present in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), along with delays or deficits in structural language. This study investigated the use of the “fillers” uh and um by children ages 4–8 during the autism diagnostic observation schedule. Fillers reflect speakers’ difficulties with planning and delivering speech, but they also serve communicative purposes, such as negotiating control of the floor or conveying uncertainty. We hypothesized that children with ASD would use different patterns of fillers compared to peers with typical development or with specific language impairment (SLI), reflecting differences in social ability and communicative intent. Regression analyses revealed that children in the ASD group were much less likely to use um than children in the other two groups. Filler use is an easy-to-quantify feature of behavior that, in concert with other observations, may help to distinguish ASD from SLI. PMID:26800246

An Examination of Unsteady Airloads on a UH-60A Rotor: Computation Versus Measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biedron, Robert T.; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured grids is used to simulate the flow over a UH-60A rotor. Traditionally, the computed pressure and shear stresses are integrated on the computational mesh at selected radial stations and compared to measured airloads. However, the corresponding integration of experimental data uses only the pressure contribution, and the set of integration points (pressure taps) is modest compared to the computational mesh resolution. This paper examines the difference between the traditional integration of computed airloads and an integration consistent with that used for the experimental data. In addition, a comparison of chordwise pressure distributions between computation and measurement is made. Examination of this unsteady pressure data provides new opportunities to understand differences between computation and flight measurement.

Blade Displacement Predictions for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bledron, Robert T.; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.

2014-01-01

An unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured grids is loosely coupled to a rotorcraft comprehensive code and used to simulate two different test conditions from a wind-tunnel test of a full-scale UH-60A rotor. Performance data and sectional airloads from the simulation are compared with corresponding tunnel data to assess the level of fidelity of the aerodynamic aspects of the simulation. The focus then turns to a comparison of the blade displacements, both rigid (blade root) and elastic. Comparisons of computed root motions are made with data from three independent measurement systems. Finally, comparisons are made between computed elastic bending and elastic twist, and the corresponding measurements obtained from a photogrammetry system. Overall the correlation between computed and measured displacements was good, especially for the root pitch and lag motions and the elastic bending deformation. The correlation of root lead-lag motion and elastic twist deformation was less favorable.

Action Research: Its Origins and Early Application.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, Stuart W.

This paper contains informal remarks on action research in social psychology from its post World War II origins to its current status. Kurt Lewin first described action research in the 1946 article, "Action Research and Minority Problems," as a three-step process of program planning, program execution, and follow-up evaluation. Ronald Lippitt and…

Ground shake test of the UH-60A helicopter airframe and comparison with NASTRAN finite element model predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howland, G. R.; Durno, J. A.; Twomey, W. J.

1990-01-01

Sikorsky Aircraft, together with the other major helicopter airframe manufacturers, is engaged in a study to improve the use of finite element analysis to predict the dynamic behavior of helicopter airframes, under a rotorcraft structural dynamics program called DAMVIBS (Design Analysis Methods for VIBrationS), sponsored by the NASA-Langley. The test plan and test results are presented for a shake test of the UH-60A BLACK HAWK helicopter. A comparison is also presented of test results with results obtained from analysis using a NASTRAN finite element model.

Detached Eddy Simulation of the UH-60 Rotor Wake Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaderjian, Neal M.; Ahmad, Jasim U.

2012-01-01

Time-dependent Navier-Stokes flow simulations have been carried out for a UH-60 rotor with simplified hub in forward flight and hover flight conditions. Flexible rotor blades and flight trim conditions are modeled and established by loosely coupling the OVERFLOW Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code with the CAMRAD II helicopter comprehensive code. High order spatial differences, Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), and Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) are used to obtain highly resolved vortex wakes, where the largest turbulent structures are captured. Special attention is directed towards ensuring the dual time accuracy is within the asymptotic range, and verifying the loose coupling convergence process using AMR. The AMR/DES simulation produced vortical worms for forward flight and hover conditions, similar to previous results obtained for the TRAM rotor in hover. AMR proved to be an efficient means to capture a rotor wake without a priori knowledge of the wake shape.

Flight-Time Identification of a UH-60A Helicopter and Slung Load

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cicolani, Luigi S.; McCoy, Allen H.; Tischler, Mark B.; Tucker, George E.; Gatenio, Pinhas; Marmar, Dani

1998-01-01

This paper describes a flight test demonstration of a system for identification of the stability and handling qualities parameters of a helicopter-slung load configuration simultaneously with flight testing, and the results obtained.Tests were conducted with a UH-60A Black Hawk at speeds from hover to 80 kts. The principal test load was an instrumented 8 x 6 x 6 ft cargo container. The identification used frequency domain analysis in the frequency range to 2 Hz, and focussed on the longitudinal and lateral control axes since these are the axes most affected by the load pendulum modes in the frequency range of interest for handling qualities. Results were computed for stability margins, handling qualities parameters and load pendulum stability. The computations took an average of 4 minutes before clearing the aircraft to the next test point. Important reductions in handling qualities were computed in some cases, depending, on control axis and load-slung combination. A database, including load dynamics measurements, was accumulated for subsequent simulation development and validation.

Army Aircraft Safety Performance Review, FY 87-FY 91. UH-60, OH-58D, AH-64, MH/CH-47D

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

is $10,000 or more, but less than $200,000; a nonfatal injury that causes any loss of time from work beyond the day or shift on which it occurred; or...a nonfatal illness or disability that causes loss of time from work or disability at any time (lost-time case). Class D accident The resulting...flex horoscope so that a complete inspection of the drive shaft can be made. Wire strike While on approach to land at the scene of a UH-60 wire

Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): when can students start performing original research?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sousa-Silva, Clara; McKemmish, Laura K.; Chubb, Katy L.; Gorman, Maire N.; Baker, Jack S.; Barton, Emma J.; Rivlin, Tom; Tennyson, Jonathan

2018-01-01

Involving students in state-of-the-art research from an early age eliminates the idea that science is only for the scientists and empowers young people to explore STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) subjects. It is also a great opportunity to dispel harmful stereotypes about who is suitable for STEM careers, while leaving students feeling engaged in modern science and the scientific method. As part of the Twinkle Space Mission’s educational programme, EduTwinkle, students between the ages of 15 and 18 have been performing original research associated with the exploration of space since January 2016. The student groups have each been led by junior researchers—PhD and post-doctoral scientists—who themselves benefit substantially from the opportunity to supervise and manage a research project. This research aims to meet a standard for publication in peer-reviewed journals. At present the research of two ORBYTS teams have been published, one in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series and another in JQSRT; we expect more papers to follow. Here we outline the necessary steps for a productive scientific collaboration with school children, generalising from the successes and downfalls of the pilot ORBYTS projects.

Acid Rain Students Do Original Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Outdoor Communicator, 1984

1984-01-01

At Park Senior High School (Cottage Grove, Minnesota), 46 juniors and seniors planted 384 red pine seedlings in connection with their original research on acid rain, with advice from Dr. Harriet Stubbs, director of the Acid Precipitation Awareness Program (West Saint Paul), which has been developing acid rain teaching materials. (MH)

Effects of Microclimate Cooling on Physiology and Performance While Flying the UH-60 Helicopter Simulator in NBC Conditions in a Controlled Heat Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

including instrumenting and dressing the subjects, monitoring the physiological parameters in the simulator, and collecting and processing data. They...also was decided to extend the recruiting process to include all helicopter aviators, even if not UH-60 qualified. There is little in the flight profile...parameter channels, and the data were processed to produce a single root mean square (RMS) error value for each channel appropriate to each of the 9

Navier-Stokes Simulation of UH-60A Rotor/Wake Interaction Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaderjian, Neal M.

2017-01-01

Time-dependent Navier-Stokes simulations have been carried out for a flexible UH-60A rotor in forward flight, where the rotor wake interacts with the rotor blades. These flow conditions involved blade vortex interaction and dynamic stall, two common conditions that occur as modern helicopter designs strive to achieve greater flight speeds and payload capacity. These numerical simulations utilized high-order spatial accuracy and delayed detached eddy simulation. Emphasis was placed on understanding how improved rotor wake resolution affects the prediction of the normal force, pitching moment, and chord force of the rotor. Adaptive mesh refinement was used to highly resolve the turbulent rotor wake in a computationally efficient manner. Moreover, blade vortex interaction was found to trigger dynamic stall. Time-dependent flow visualization was utilized to provide an improved understanding of the numerical and physical mechanisms involved with three-dimensional dynamic stall.

State Estimation of Main Rotor Flap and Lead-Lag Using Accelerometers and Laser Transducers on the RASCAL UH-60 Helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fletcher, Jay W.; Chen, Robert T. N.; Strasilla, Eric; Aiken, Edwin W. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

Modern rotorcraft flight control system designs which promise to yield high vehicle response bandwidth and good gust rejection can benefit from the use of rotor-state feedbacks. The measurement of main rotor blade motions is also desirable to validate and improve rotorcraft simulation models, to identify high-order linear flight dynamics models, to provide rotor system health monitoring; during flight test, and to provide for correlation with acoustic measurements from wind tunnel and flight tests. However, few attempts have been made to instrument a flight vehicle in this manner, and no previous system has had the robustness and accuracy required for these diverse applications. A rotor blade motion measurement and estimation system has been developed by NASA and the U.S. Army for use on the Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) helicopter. RASCAL is a UH-60 Blackhawk which is being modified at Ames Research Center in a phased development program for use in flight dynamics and controls, navigation, airspace management, and rotorcraft human factors research. The aircraft will feature a full-authority, digital, fly-by-wire research flight control system; a coupled ring laser gyro, differential GPS based navigation system; a stereoscopic color wide field of view helmet, mounted display; programmable panel mounted displays; and advanced navigation sensors. The rotor blade motion system is currently installed for data acquisition only, but will be integrated with the research flight control system when it is installed later this year.

Outcomes of a Research-Driven Laboratory and Literature Course Designed to Enhance Undergraduate Contributions to Original Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasche, Madeline E.

2004-01-01

This work describes outcomes of a research-driven advanced microbiology laboratory and literature research course intended to enhance undergraduate preparation for and contributions to original research. The laboratory section was designed to teach fundamental biochemistry and molecular biology techniques in the context of an original research…

Navier-Stokes Simulation of UH-60A Rotor/Wake Interaction Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaderjian, Neal M.

2017-01-01

High-resolution simulations of rotor/vortex-wake interaction for a UH60-A rotor under BVI and dynamic stallconditions were carried out with the OVERFLOW Navier-Stokes code.a. The normal force and pitching moment variation with azimuth angle were in good overall agreementwith flight-test data, similar to other CFD results reported in the literature.b. The wake-grid resolution did not have a significant effect on the rotor-blade airloads. This surprisingresult indicates that a wake grid spacing of (Delta)S=10% ctip is sufficient for engineering airloads predictionfor hover and forward flight. This assumes high-resolution body grids, high-order spatial accuracy, anda hybrid RANS/DDES turbulence model.c. Three-dimensional dynamic stall was found to occur due the presence of blade-tip vortices passing overa rotor blade on the retreating side. This changed the local airfoil angle of attack, causing stall, unlikethe 2D perspective of pure pitch oscillation of the local airfoil section.

A Strategy for Origins of Life Research.

PubMed

Scharf, Caleb; Virgo, Nathaniel; Cleaves, H James; Aono, Masashi; Aubert-Kato, Nathanael; Aydinoglu, Arsev; Barahona, Ana; Barge, Laura M; Benner, Steven A; Biehl, Martin; Brasser, Ramon; Butch, Christopher J; Chandru, Kuhan; Cronin, Leroy; Danielache, Sebastian; Fischer, Jakob; Hernlund, John; Hut, Piet; Ikegami, Takashi; Kimura, Jun; Kobayashi, Kensei; Mariscal, Carlos; McGlynn, Shawn; Menard, Brice; Packard, Norman; Pascal, Robert; Pereto, Juli; Rajamani, Sudha; Sinapayen, Lana; Smith, Eric; Switzer, Christopher; Takai, Ken; Tian, Feng; Ueno, Yuichiro; Voytek, Mary; Witkowski, Olaf; Yabuta, Hikaru

2015-12-01

Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. A workshop and this document 1.2. Framing origins of life science 1.2.1. What do we mean by the origins of life (OoL)? 1.2.2. Defining life 1.2.3. How should we characterize approaches to OoL science? 1.2.4. One path to life or many? 2. A Strategy for Origins of Life Research 2.1. Outcomes-key questions and investigations 2.1.1. Domain 1: Theory 2.1.2. Domain 2: Practice 2.1.3. Domain 3: Process 2.1.4. Domain 4: Future studies 2.2. EON Roadmap 2.3. Relationship to NASA Astrobiology Roadmap and Strategy documents and the European AstRoMap   Appendix I   Appendix II   Supplementary Materials  References.

Measurements of Tip Vortices from a Full-Scale UH-60A Rotor by Retro- Reflective Background Oriented Schlieren and Stereo Photogrammetry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schairer, Edward; Kushner, Laura K.; Heineck, James T.

2013-01-01

Positions of vortices shed by a full-scale UH-60A rotor in forward flight were measured during a test in the National Full- Scale Aerodynamics Complex at NASA Ames Research Center. Vortices in a region near the tip of the advancing blade were visualized from two directions by Retro-Reflective Background-Oriented Schlieren (RBOS). Correspondence of points on the vortex in the RBOS images from both cameras was established using epipolar geometry. The object-space coordinates of the vortices were then calculated from the image-plane coordinates using stereo photogrammetry. One vortex from the tip of the blade that had most recently passed was visible in most of the data. The visibility of the vortices was greatest at high thrust and low advance ratios. At these favorable conditions, vortices from the most recent passages of all four blades were detected. The vortex positions were in good agreement with PIV data for a case where PIV measurements were also made. RBOS and photogrammetry provided measurements of the angle at which each vortex passed through the PIV plane.

Identifying Galactic Cosmic Ray Origins With Super-TIGER

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

deNolfo, Georgia; Binns, W. R.; Israel, M. H.; Christian, E. R.; Mitchell, J. W.; Hams, T.; Link, J. T.; Sasaki, M.; Labrador, A. W.; Mewaldt, R. A.;

A Strategy for Origins of Life Research

PubMed Central

Scharf, Caleb; Virgo, Nathaniel; Aono, Masashi; Aubert-Kato, Nathanael; Aydinoglu, Arsev; Barahona, Ana; Barge, Laura M.; Benner, Steven A.; Biehl, Martin; Brasser, Ramon; Butch, Christopher J.; Chandru, Kuhan; Cronin, Leroy; Danielache, Sebastian; Fischer, Jakob; Hernlund, John; Hut, Piet; Ikegami, Takashi; Kimura, Jun; Kobayashi, Kensei; Mariscal, Carlos; McGlynn, Shawn; Menard, Brice; Packard, Norman; Pascal, Robert; Pereto, Juli; Rajamani, Sudha; Sinapayen, Lana; Smith, Eric; Switzer, Christopher; Takai, Ken; Tian, Feng; Ueno, Yuichiro; Voytek, Mary; Witkowski, Olaf; Yabuta, Hikaru

2015-01-01

Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. A workshop and this document 1.2. Framing origins of life science 1.2.1. What do we mean by the origins of life (OoL)? 1.2.2. Defining life 1.2.3. How should we characterize approaches to OoL science? 1.2.4. One path to life or many? 2. A Strategy for Origins of Life Research 2.1. Outcomes—key questions and investigations 2.1.1. Domain 1: Theory 2.1.2. Domain 2: Practice 2.1.3. Domain 3: Process 2.1.4. Domain 4: Future studies 2.2. EON Roadmap 2.3. Relationship to NASA Astrobiology Roadmap and Strategy documents and the European AstRoMap  Appendix I  Appendix II  Supplementary Materials  References PMID:26684503

What does originality in research mean? A student's perspective.

PubMed

Edwards, Mandy

2014-07-01

To provide a student's perspective of what it means to be original when undertaking a PhD. A review of the literature related to the concept of originality in doctoral research highlights the subjective nature of the concept in academia. Although there is much literature that explores the issues concerning examiners' views of originality, there is little on students' perspectives. A snowballing technique was used, where a recent article was read, and the references cited were then explored. Given the time constraints, the author recognises that the literature review was not as extensive as a systematic literature review. It is important for students to be clear about what is required to achieve a PhD. However, the vagaries associated with the formal assessment of the doctoral thesis and subsequent performance at viva can cause considerable uncertainty and anxiety for students. Originality in the PhD is a subjective concept and is not the only consideration for examiners. Of comparable importance is the assessment of the student's ability to demonstrate independence of thought and increasing maturity so they can become independent researchers. This article expresses a different perspective on what is meant when undertaking a PhD in terms of originality in the doctoral thesis. It is intended to help guide and reassure current and potential PhD students.

Installation of C-6533(XE-2)/ARC ICS in UH-1H helicopter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hnat, J. A.

1980-07-01

This report documents the results of the installation of the C-6533(XE-2)/ARC ICS in UH-1H helicopter. Installation was performed at the AEL, Inc., Monmouth County Airport facility. Design of each installation was coordinated and approved by the Government. The mechanical and electrical installation drawings for the helicopter are attached as Appendix A of this report. The new ICS system consisted of new cabling, new intercoms and helmets rewired with new microphones. All four crew stations of the helicopter were reconfigured with the new system. Existing cabling for the standard ICS system remained in the aircraft but was securely stowed for later restoration of the aircraft. The helmets (4) were rewired using separate jacks for headphones and microphone lines. Transmit and receive cables were installed in the aircraft with a minimum separation of one inch between cables. A junction box was fabricated and installed on the aft end of the console to house the fan-out terminal strips. Transmit and receive lines' separation was maintained in the junction box. During the test phase the onboard radios were used with the new ICS system.

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA AERIAL VIEW OF THE SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL STRUCTURE. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Peer Mentoring to Facilitate Original Scientific Research by Students With Special Needs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danch, J. M.

2007-12-01

Developed to allow high school students with special needs to participate in original scientific research, the Peer Mentoring Program was a supplement to existing science instruction for students in a self-contained classroom. Peer mentors were high school seniors at the end of a three-year advanced science research course who used their experience to create and develop inquiry-based research activities appropriate for students in the self- contained classroom. Peer mentors then assisted cooperative learning groups of special education students to facilitate the implementation of the research activities. Students with special needs successfully carried out an original research project and developed critical thinking and laboratory skills. Prior to embarking on their undergraduate course of study in the sciences, peer mentors developed an appreciation for the need to bring original scientific research to students of all levels. The program will be expanded and continued during the 2007-2008 school year.

Rebuilding Hawaii’s Anthurium germplasm collection for cultivar and species preservation, breeding, and biotechnological research

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Anthurium is the third most important floriculture crop in Hawaii, grown mainly as a cut flower. The University of Hawaii (UH) has a well-established anthurium breeding program since 1950, with a germplasm collection assembled from backyard growers, hobbyists, researchers and collection trips from c...

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (LAL 5169) AERIAL VIEW OF THE SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL STRUCTURE. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L81-05967) AERIAL VIEW OF THE SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL STRUCTURE. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

15. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L4933) VIEW NORTHWEST OF THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL, c. 1932. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

16. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (LAL-12470) ELEVATION OF 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

23. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L73-5028) MODEL OF SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT IN FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

26. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L64792) ALBACORE SUBMARINE DRAG TESTS IN THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

17. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L79-7343) AERIAL VIEW OF THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL, 1979. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

A NASTRAN investigation of simulated projectile damage effects on a UH-1B tail boom model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Futterer, A. T.

1980-01-01

A NASTRAN model of a UH-1B tail boom that had been designed for another project was used to investigate the effect on structural integrity of simulated projectile damage. Elements representing skin, and sections of stringers, longerons and bulkheads were systematically deleted to represent projectile damage. The structure was loaded in a manner to represent the flight loads that would be imposed on the tail boom at a 130 knot cruise. The deflection of four points on the rear of the tail boom relative to the position of these points for the unloaded, undamaged condition of the tail boom was used as a measure of the loss of structural rigidity. The same procedure was then used with the material properties of the aluminum alloys replaced with the material properties of T300/5208 high strength graphite/epoxy fibrous composite material, (0, + or - 45, 90)s for the skin and (0, + or - 45)s for the longerons, stringers, and bulk heads.

23. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L43584) VIEW OF CHANNEL WITH SEAPLANE MODEL HULL IN POSITION FOR TESTING UNDER CARRIAGE. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L84-154) INTERIOR VIEW OF THE SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL WITH TANK FULLY DRAINED. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

25. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L88-10198) CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF THE "720" EXPRESS OR TEST CARRIAGE IN 1988. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L83-8341) VIEW OF FANS IN FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL, c. 1960s. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

13. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (NACA 4655) VIEW LOOKING NORTH AT THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL UNDER CONSTRUCTION. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

16. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L89-07075) AERIAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL, 1989. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L5925) LOENING SCL-1 SEAPLANE IN THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL, OCTOBER 1931. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

A proposal for a quantitative indicator of original research output

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onofrio, Roberto

2017-12-01

The use of quantitative indicators of scientific productivity seems now quite widespread for assessing researchers and research institutions. There is a general perception, however, that these indicators are not necessarily representative of the originality of the research carried out, being primarily indicative of a more or less prolific scientific activity and of the size of the targeted scientific subcommunity. We first discuss some of the drawbacks of the broadly adopted h-index and of the fact that it represents, in an average sense, an indicator derivable from the total number of citations. Then we propose an indicator which, although not immune from biases, seems more in line with the general expectations for quantifying what is typically considered original work. Qualitative arguments on how different indicators may shape the future of science are finally discussed.

Using Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation to Develop a Launch and Recovery Flight Simulation for a UH-60A Blackhawk

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sweeney, Christopher; Bunnell, John; Chung, William; Giovannetti, Dean; Mikula, Julie; Nicholson, Bob; Roscoe, Mike

2001-01-01

Joint Shipboard Helicopter Integration Process (JSHIP) is a Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E) program sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). Under the JSHDP program is a simulation effort referred to as the Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation System (DIMSS). The purpose of DIMSS is to develop and test the processes and mechanisms that facilitate ship-helicopter interface testing via man-in-the-loop ground-based flight simulators. Specifically, the DIMSS charter is to develop an accredited process for using a flight simulator to determine the wind-over-the-deck (WOD) launch and recovery flight envelope for the UH-60A ship/helicopter combination. DIMSS is a collaborative effort between the NASA Ames Research Center and OSD. OSD determines the T&E and warfighter training requirements, provides the programmatics and dynamic interface T&E experience, and conducts ship/aircraft interface tests for validating the simulation. NASA provides the research and development element, simulation facility, and simulation technical experience. This paper will highlight the benefits of the NASA/JSHIP collaboration and detail achievements of the project in terms of modeling and simulation. The Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames Research Center offers the capability to simulate a wide range of simulation cueing configurations, which include visual, aural, and body-force cueing devices. The system flexibility enables switching configurations io allow back-to-back evaluation and comparison of different levels of cueing fidelity in determining minimum training requirements. The investigation required development and integration of several major simulation system at the VMS. A new UH-60A BlackHawk interchangeable cab that provides an out-the-window (OTW) field-of-view (FOV) of 220 degrees in azimuth and 70 degrees in elevation was built. Modeling efforts involved integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) generated data of an LHA ship airwake and

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L6415) STUFFED SEAGULL ON CARRIAGE OF TOWING TANK - 1932; EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE AERODYNAMIC QUALITIES OF BIRDS. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L15337) DRAG-CLEANUP STUDIES OF THE BREWSTER BUFFALO IN THE FULL SCALE WIND TUNNEL, 1938. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

24. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L75-734) MODEL OF SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT IN FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL FROM ENTRANCE CONE. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

15. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L12000.1) ELEVATION OF 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL, c. 1935. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

25. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L81-7333) RUTAN'S VARI-EZE ADVANCED CONCEPTS AIRCRAFT IN THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Loads Correlation of a Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor in a Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.

2012-01-01

Wind tunnel measurements of the rotor trim, blade airloads, and structural loads of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. A speed sweep at constant lift up to an advance ratio of 0.4 and a thrust sweep at constant speed into deep stall are investigated. The coupled analysis shows significant improvement over comprehensive analysis. Normal force phase is better captured and pitching moment magnitudes are better predicted including the magnitude and phase of the two stall events in the fourth quadrant at the deeply stalled condition. Structural loads are, in general, improved with the coupled analysis, but the magnitude of chord bending moment is still significantly underpredicted. As there are three modes around 4 and 5/rev frequencies, the structural responses to the 5/rev airloads due to dynamic stall are magnified and thus care must be taken in the analysis of the deeply stalled condition.

Summary of Full-Scale Blade Displacement Measurements of the UH- 60A Airloads Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abrego, Anita I.; Meyn, Larry; Burner, Alpheus W.; Barrows, Danny A.

2016-01-01

Blade displacement measurements using multi-camera photogrammetry techniques were acquired for a full-scale UH-60A rotor, tested in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex 40-Foot by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. The measurements, acquired over the full rotor azimuth, encompass a range of test conditions that include advance ratios from 0.15 to 1.0, thrust coefficient to rotor solidity ratios from 0.01 to 0.13, and rotor shaft angles from -10.0 to 8.0 degrees. The objective was to measure the blade displacements and deformations of the four rotor blades and provide a benchmark blade displacement database to be utilized in the development and validation of rotorcraft prediction techniques. An overview of the blade displacement measurement methodology, system development, and data analysis techniques are presented. Sample results based on the final set of camera calibrations, data reduction procedures and estimated corrections that account for registration errors due to blade elasticity are shown. Differences in blade root pitch, flap and lag between the previously reported results and the current results are small. However, even small changes in estimated root flap and pitch can lead to significant differences in the blade elasticity values.

14. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L4776) VIEW SOUTH THROUGH ENTRANCE CONE OF FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL UNDER CONSTRUCTION, SEPTEMBER 12, 1930. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L86-10235) INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING TURNING VANES IN 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING TURNING VANES AND PERSONNEL IN THE 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (NACA 16900) DETAIL VIEW OF CONTROL/MONITORING STATION IN 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL, c. 1930s. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

17. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L86-10,257) DETAIL VIEW OF EXTERIOR OF COOLING TOWER FOR 8- FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

12. Photocopy of photograph (original in Langley Research Center Archives, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Photocopy of photograph (original in Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L4496) AERIAL VIEW OF FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL UNDER CONSTRUCTION; c. 1930. NOTE SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL STRUCTURE IN BACKGROUND. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L79758) INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING TURNING VANES AND PERSONNEL IN THE 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L-9850) ANNUAL AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING CONFERENCE IN FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL; GROUP PHOTOGRAPH OF PARTICIPANTS, mAY 23, 1934. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

13. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) AERIAL VIEW OF 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL IN FOREGROUND. NOTE COOLING TOWER AT LEFT CENTER. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

[Herbal textual research on origins of Chonglou].

PubMed

Jiang, Lu; Kang, Li-Ping; Liu, Da-Hui; Peng, Hua-Sheng; Xie, Jin; Chen, Min

2017-09-01

Based on the field investigation, this paper researched the germplasms and geoherbs habitat of Chonglou in ancient herbal books systematically. The results showed that, Chonglou in ancient herbal books sometimes referred to certain specific germplasm, while sometimes it referred to many species derived from genus Paris except Sect. Paris. The medicinal material Chonglou in Chinese Materia Medica Bencaotujing and Bencaomengquan was verified as P. polyphylla var. chinensis, which could be P. polyphylla in Xinxiubencao, and it should include P. polyphylla or P. polyphylla var. stenophylla in Bencaogangmu. However, it proved to be a variety of species from Paris that can used as Chonglou in Diannanbencao and Zhiwumingshitukao. Moreover, the origins of Chonglou were correspondingly more diverse, with its producing areas changed from North to South. Therefore, with the resources increasing endangered, the botanical origin of Chonglou should be further studied. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Dissemination of original NMR data enhances reproducibility and integrity in chemical research.

PubMed

Bisson, Jonathan; Simmler, Charlotte; Chen, Shao-Nong; Friesen, J Brent; Lankin, David C; McAlpine, James B; Pauli, Guido F

2016-08-25

The notion of data transparency is gaining a strong awareness among the scientific community. The availability of raw data is actually regarded as a fundamental way to advance science by promoting both integrity and reproducibility of research outcomes. Particularly, in the field of natural product and chemical research, NMR spectroscopy is a fundamental tool for structural elucidation and quantification (qNMR). As such, the accessibility of original NMR data, i.e., Free Induction Decays (FIDs), fosters transparency in chemical research and optimizes both peer review and reproducibility of reports by offering the fundamental tools to perform efficient structural verification. Although original NMR data are known to contain a wealth of information, they are rarely accessible along with published data. This viewpoint discusses the relevance of the availability of original NMR data as part of good research practices not only to promote structural correctness, but also to enhance traceability and reproducibility of both chemical and biological results.

24. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA CARRIAGE IN SEAPLANE TOWING CHANNEL SHOWING OGIVE SHAPE READY FOR TEST. TANK HAS BEEN DRAINED AND THE OGIVE WOULD BE SUBMERGED UNDER NORMAL TEST CONDITIONS. - NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Intellectual Initiatives at a Research University: Origins, Evolutions, and Challenges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frost, Susan H.; Jean, Paul M.; Teodorescu, Daniel; Brown, Amy B.

This qualitative case study explored the origins, evolutions, and challenges of 12 cross-disciplinary intellectual initiatives at 1 research university. Researchers conducted open-ended interviews with leaders of the 12 initiatives and used program literature to support the data gathered from the interviews. The study found that key factors such…

Helicopter noise measurements data report. volume II. helicopter models: Bell 212 (UH-1N), Sikorsky S-61 (SH-3A), Sikorsky S-64 'Skycrane' (CH- 54B), Boeing Vertol 'Chinook' (CH-47C)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-04-01

The helicopter models used in this test program were the Hughes 300C, Hughes 500C, Bell 47-G, Bell 206-L, Bell 212 (UH-1N), Sikorsky S-61 (SH-3A), Sikorsky S-64 'Skycrane' (CH-54B), and Boeing Vertol 'Chinook' CH-47C. Volume I contains the measured n...

Origin of negative resistivity slope in U-based ferromagnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Havela, L.; Paukov, M.; Buturlim, V.; Tkach, I.; Mašková, S.; Dopita, M.

2018-05-01

Ultra-nanocrystalline UH3-based ferromagnets with TC ≈ 200 K exhibit a flat temperature dependence of electrical resistivity with a negative slope both in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic range. The ordered state with randomness on atomic scale, equivalent to a non-collinear ferromagnetism, can be affected by magnetic field, supressing the static magnetic disorder, which reduces the resistivity and removes the negative slope. It is deduced that the dynamic magnetic disorder in the paramagnetic state can be conceived as continuation of the static disorder in the ordered state. The experiments, performed for (UH3)0.78Mo0.12Ti0.10, demonstrate that the negative resistivity slope, observed for numerous U-based intermetallics in the paramagnetic state, can be due to the strong disorder effect on resistivity. The resulting weak localization, as a quantum interference effect which increases resistivity, is gradually suppressed by enhanced temperature, contributing by electron-phonon scattering, inelastic in nature and removing the quantum coherence.

14. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L-90-2684) AERIAL VIEW OF THE 8-FOOT HIGH SPEED TUNNEL (FOREGROUND) AND THE 8-FOOT TRANSONIC PRESSURE TUNNEL (REAR). - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L27056) LOCKHEED YP-38 IN THE FULL-SCALE WIND TUNNEL; THIS WAS THE PROTOTYPE OF THE P-38 (LOCKHEED LIGHTNING); c. 1941. - NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.; Norman, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

Wind tunnel measurements of performance, loads, and vibration of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive helicopter analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. Measured data show a 5.1% rotor power reduction (8.6% rotor lift to effective-drag ratio increase) using 2/rev IBC actuation with 2.0 amplitude at = 0.4. At the optimum IBC phase for rotor performance, IBC actuator force (pitch link force) decreased, and neither flap nor chord bending moments changed significantly. CAMRAD II predicts the rotor power variations with the IBC phase reasonably well at = 0.35. However, the correlation degrades at = 0.4. Coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 shows excellent correlation with the measured rotor power variations with the IBC phase at both = 0.35 and = 0.4. Maximum reduction of IBC actuator force is better predicted with CAMRAD II, but general trends are better captured with the coupled analysis. The correlation of vibratory hub loads is generally poor by both methods, although the coupled analysis somewhat captures general trends.

Performance and Loads Correlation of a UH-60A Slowed Rotor at High Advance Ratios

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kottapalli, Sesi B.

2012-01-01

Measured data from the slowed rotor part of the 2010 UH-60A Airloads Rotor test in the NASA Ames 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel are compared with CAMRAD II calculations. The emphasis in this initial study is to correlate overall trends. This analytical effort considers advance ratios from 0.3 to 1.0, with the rotor rotational speed at 40%NR. The rotor performance parameters considered are the thrust coefficient, power coefficient, L/DE, torque, and H-force. The blade loads considered are the half peak-to-peak, mid-span and outboard torsion, flatwise, and chordwise moments, and the pitch link load. For advance ratios . 0.7, the overall trends for the performance and loads (excluding the pitch link load) could be captured, but with substantial overprediction or underprediction. The correlation gradually deteriorates as the advance ratio is increased and for advance ratios . 0.8 there is no correlation. The pitch link load correlation is not good. There is considerable scope for improvement in the prediction of the blade loads. Considering the modeling complexity associated with the unconventional operating condition under consideration, the current predictive ability to capture overall trends is encouraging.

Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.; Norman, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

Wind tunnel measurements of performance, loads, and vibration of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive helicopter analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. Measured data show a 5.1% rotor power reduction (8.6% rotor lift to effective-drag ratio increase) using 2/rev IBC actuation with 2.0. amplitude at u = 0.4. At the optimum IBC phase for rotor performance, IBC actuator force (pitch link force) decreased, and neither flap nor chord bending moments changed significantly. CAMRAD II predicts the rotor power variations with IBC phase reasonably well at u = 0.35. However, the correlation degrades at u = 0.4. Coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 shows excellent correlation with the measured rotor power variations with IBC phase at both u = 0.35 and u = 0.4. Maximum reduction of IBC actuator force is better predicted with CAMRAD II, but general trends are better captured with the coupled analysis. The correlation of vibratory hub loads is generally poor by both methods, although the coupled analysis somewhat captures general trends.

Theoretical Framework for Cooperative Participatory Action Research (CPAR) in a Multicultural Campus: The Social Drama Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hertz-Lazarowitz, Rachel; Zelniker, Tamar; Azaiza, Faisal

2010-01-01

This paper describes a long-term research seminar, developed in 2001 by Hertz-Lazarowitz at the University of Haifa (UH). The goal of the seminar was to involve students in a meaningful, experiential and cooperative-interactive learning environment, based on topics relevant to their development as individuals coming from diverse collectives to the…

Port of Galveston Solar Energy Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Falcioni, Diane; Cuclis, Alex; Freundlich, Alex

This study on the performance characteristics of existing solar technologies in a maritime environment was funded by an award given to The Port of Galveston (POG) from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The study includes research performed by The Center for Advanced Materials at the University of Houston (UH). The UH researchers examined how solar cell efficiencies and life spans can be improved by examining the performance of a variety of antireflective (AR) coatings mounted on the top of one of the POG’s Cruise Terminals. Supplemental supporting research was performed at the UH laboratories. An educational Kiosk was constructedmore » with a 55” display screen providing information about solar energy, the research work UH performed at POG and real time data from the solar panels located on the roof of the Cruise Terminal. The Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) managed the project.« less

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Photocopy of photograph (original in the Langley Research Center Archives, Hampton, VA LaRC) (L64110) DIVING SUIT REQUIRED FOR WORKING IN 8- FOOT HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNEL; ROY H. WRIGHT, DESIGNER OF THE INNOVATIVE SLOTTED SECTION OF TUNNEL IS IN THE SUIT. - NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Bibliometric analysis of original molecular biology research in anaesthesia.

PubMed

Schreiber, K; Girard, T; Kindler, C H

2004-10-01

Molecular biology has expanded the horizons of anaesthesia during the last 20 years and has led to an increase of basic science articles that are published in the specialised anaesthetic journals or originate in anaesthetic institutions. We searched for and analysed the specific features, such as year of publication, publishing journal, and country of origin, of all such molecular biology articles stored in the MEDLINE database during the period 1986-2002. We identified 1265 original articles that used molecular biology techniques; 223 (18%) of these articles were published in anaesthetic journals and 1042 (82%) articles in 556 other biomedical journals. While in the late 1980s only a few molecular biology articles were published each year by anaesthetic institutions, worldwide this number reached approximately 200 basic science articles by the end of 2002. The USA clearly dominates the field of anaesthesia with respect to molecular biology research with 839 (66%) such articles.

A Summary of DOD-Sponsored Research Performed at NASA Langley's Impact Dynamics Research Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Boitnott, Richard L.; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jones, Lisa E.; Lyle, Karen H.

2004-01-01

The Impact Dynamics Research Facility (IDRF) is a 240-ft.-high gantry structure located at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The IDRF was originally built in the early 1960's for use as a Lunar Landing Research Facility. As such, the facility was configured to simulate the reduced gravitational environment of the Moon, allowing the Apollo astronauts to practice lunar landings under realistic conditions. In 1985, the IDRF was designated a National Historic Landmark based on its significant contributions to the Apollo Moon Landing Program. In the early 1970's the facility was converted into its current configuration as a full-scale crash test facility for light aircraft and rotorcraft. Since that time, the IDRF has been used to perform a wide variety of impact tests on full-scale aircraft, airframe components, and space vehicles in support of the General Aviation (GA) aircraft industry, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), the rotorcraft industry, and the NASA Space program. The objectives of this paper are twofold: to describe the IDRF facility and its unique capabilities for conducting structural impact testing, and to summarize the impact tests performed at the IDRF in support of the DOD. These tests cover a time period of roughly 2 1/2 decades, beginning in 1975 with the full-scale crash test of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter, and ending in 1999 with the external fuel system qualification test of a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. NASA officially closed the IDRF in September 2003; consequently, it is important to document the past contributions made in improved human survivability and impact tolerance through DOD-sponsored research performed at the IDRF.

Conducting Original Research at the High School Level--the Students' Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Marcus; VanNoord, Greg

1996-01-01

High school students discuss the process of conducting original scientific research in a high school biology course, including developing an idea, obtaining financial support, collecting data, and presenting findings. (MKR)

University of Houston Undergraduate Student Instrumentation Projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bering, E. A., III; Talbot, R. W.; Hampton, D. L.; Molders, N.; Millan, R. M.; Halford, A. J.; Dunbar, B.; Morris, G. A.; Prince, J.; Gamblin, R.; Ehteshami, A.; Lehnen, J. N.; Greer, M.; Porat, I.; Alozie, M.; Behrend, C. C.; Bias, C.; Fenton, A.; Gunawan, B.; Harrison, W.; Martinez, A.; Mathur, S.; Medillin, M.; Nguyen, T.; Nguyen, T. V.; Nowling, M.; Perez, D.; Pham, M.; Pina, M.; Thomas, G.; Velasquez, B.; Victor, L.

2017-12-01

The Undergraduate Student Instrumentation Project (USIP) is a NASA program to engage undergraduate students in rigorous scientific research, for the purposes of innovation and developing the next generation of professionals for an array of fields. The program is student led and executed from initial ideation to research to the design and deployment of scientific payloads. The University of Houston has been selected twice to participate in the USIP programs. The first program (USIP_UH I) ran from 2013 to 2016. USIP_UH II started in January of 2016, with funding starting at the end of May. USIP_UH I (USIP_UH II) at the University of Houston was (is) composed of eight (seven) research teams developing six (seven), distinct, balloon-based scientific instruments. These instruments will contribute to a broad range of geophysical sciences from Very Low Frequency recording and Total Electron Content to exobiology and ozone profiling. USIP_UH I had 12 successful launches with 9 recoveries from Fairbanks, AK in March 2015, and 4 piggyback flights with BARREL 3 from Esrange, Kiruna, Sweden in August, 2015. USIP_UH II had 8 successful launches with 5 recoveries from Fairbanks, AK in March 2017, 3 piggyback flights with BARREL 4 from Esrange, Kiruna, Sweden in August, 2016, and 1 flight each from CSBF and UH. The great opportunity of this program is capitalizing on the proliferation of electronics miniaturization to create new generations of scientific instruments that are smaller and lighter than ever before. This situation allows experiments to be done more cheaply which ultimately allows many more experiments to be done.

UH-USA Agreement - A Telemedicine Research Proposal

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-11-01

hold and they were going to quarantine the entire airport. From his description, I explained that it probably was not smallpox but rather chicken pox ...but I still had to come over to examine the patient. I left my busy office, drove post haste to the airport, and confirmed that it was indeed chicken ... pox . No need for quarantine, and the planes resumed their schedules, although a bit late. I thought it would be so nice if the airport medical

Original Research By Young Twinkle Students(ORBYTS): When can students start performingoriginal research?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sousa-Silva, Clara; ORBYTS, Twinkle Space Mission, ExoMol

2018-01-01

Involving students in state-of-the-art research from an early age eliminates the idea that science is only for the scientists and empowers young people to explore STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) subjects. It is also a great opportunity to dispel harmful stereotypes about who is suitable for STEM careers, while leaving students feeling engaged in modern science and the scientific method. As part of the Twinkle Space Mission’s educational programme, EduTwinkle, students between the ages of 15 and 18 have been performing original research associated with the exploration of space since January 2016. The student groups have each been led by junior researchers - PhD student and post-doctoral scientists - who themselves benefit substantially from the opportunity to supervise and manage a research project. This research aims to meet a standard for publication in peer-reviewed journals. At present the research of one ORBYTS team has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series and another submitted to JQSRT; we expect more papers to follow. Here we outline the necessary steps for a productive scientific collaboration with school children, generalising from the successes and downfalls of the pilot ORBYTS projects.

[Research on the original plants of Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi)].

PubMed

Kotaka, Shuji

2008-01-01

Since the Heian period, Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi) has been used as part of the ceremony believed to help in a healthy pregnancy and safe birth. The purpose of this report is to consider which plants are original Xian Zhao Zi plants. Past research lists certain plants as Xian Zhao Zi, but it was difficult to draw any conclusions.

[Origin of the scientific arguments underlying qualitative research].

PubMed

Minayo, Maria Cecília de Souza

2017-01-01

This article analyzes the origin of the primary arguments that underpin the qualitative approach, covering the birthplace of comprehensive and dialectical thought in Germany, its expansion into other countries such as France and the United States, and its spread into Latin America. The historical journey of the text starts with the development of modern science, examining the first empirical works in the Chicago School and the subsequent period of ostracism of qualitative research. The text also evidences a revival of comprehensive theoretical and empirical perspectives from the 1960s onwards, accompanying the cultural movement that came to question the great theoretical narratives and give rise to reflections on subjectivity. Theoretically, qualitative approaches are now considered a promising form of knowledge construction within the social and human sciences, with consolidated theories and a process of permanent internal critique. Such consolidation is ensured by the researchers' formation of conferences and university departments, the existence of books for the training of new researchers, and the increased presence of relevant spaces in scientific journals.

Ultrahigh b-values MRI in normal human prostate: Initial research on reproducibility and age-related differences.

PubMed

Shi, Changzheng; Zhang, Dong; Xiao, Zeyu; Wang, Li; Ma, Rong; Chen, Hanwei; Luo, Liangping

2017-09-01

To investigate the reproducibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with ultrahigh b-values, and analyze the age-related differences in normal prostates. In all, 67 healthy participants were divided into three age groups (group A, 15-30 years; group B, 31-50 years; group C, ≥51 years), and underwent DWI scanning twice with 15 b-factors from 0 to 3000 at 3.0T. Triexponential fits were applied to calculate the molecular diffusion coefficient (D), the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), the ultrahigh apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC uh ), and perfusion fraction (f). The interobserver and short-term interscan reproducibility were evaluated, and the change in these parameters with age were assessed. The D, ADC uh , and f values presented good to excellent reproducibility. With increasing age, a trend of increasing D values was observed, with significant difference in both peripheral zone (PZ, P = 0.01) and central gland (CG, P = 0.01) of normal prostate tissue. The f value increased in the CG beginning at 50 years of age while the ADC uh value decreased in the PZ after 50 years of age; all of them showed significant differences between groups A and C and groups B and C (P = 0.01/0.01). The D, ADC uh , and f values have good to excellent reproducibility in the normal prostate, and these values change with age. The ultrahigh b-values magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide additional information (ADC uh ), which is different from the IVIM (intravoxel incoherent motion)-derived parameters. 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:801-812. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Center of Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE) Initiatives Toward Promoting Diversity in the Ocean Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, B. C.

2007-05-01

The ocean sciences suffer from a lack of diversity, particularly among indigenous peoples, despite the fact that indigenous peoples often have deep, cultural knowledge about the marine environment. Nowhere is this inequity more glaring than in Hawaii. Traditional knowledge in marine science enabled Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) to become world leaders in transpacific canoe voyaging, aquaculture, and fisheries. Yet today, NHPI are severely underrepresented in the ocean sciences (and in STEM fields in general) at all levels of education and employment. When compared to other ethnic and racial groups in Hawaii, NHPI students as a group have among the poorest educational performance, indicated in part by underrepresentation in college enrolment and pre-college gifted and talented programs, as well as overrepresentation in eligibility for special education and free and reduced lunch programs. The Center of Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE), a NSF-funded, multi-institutional Science and Technology Center based at the University of Hawai (UH), is determined to address this inequity. C- MORE is committed to increasing diversity in the ocean sciences, particularly among NHPI, at all levels of education and research. Our approach is to work with existing programs with a track record of increasing diversity among NHPI. We are currently developing culturally relevant materials including educational games for K-12 students, mentorships for high school and community college students, and laboratory and shipboard experiences for teachers and undergraduates in partnership with minority-serving organizations. Some of our main partners are EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research), Ka `Imi `Ike (an NSF- funded program to recruit and retain NHPI undergraduates in geosciences), Upward Bound (an enrichment program for economically disadvantaged high school students which includes intensive summer courses), the UH Center on

Meeting the New College Composition II Course Goals through Original Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tompkins, Patrick

2007-01-01

In a College Composition II (ENG 112) class offered during the spring of 2005 at John Tyler Community College (JTCC), the author implemented an information-literacy curriculum whose salient features include: students collaborated on a semester-long, original-research project. The Metro Richmond Supermarket Price Comparison provided a focused,…

The Growing Gap: The Origin of "Theory & Research in Social Education"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Binford, Paul E.; Eisworth, Seth

2013-01-01

This study focuses on a seminal moment in the history of the College and University Faculty Assembly (CUFA)--the founding of its voice, "Theory & Research in Social Education" ("TRSE"). This historical study uses archival documents to construct a narrative of the journal's origins. This publication was born during a…

Undergraduate honors students' images of science: Nature of scientific work and scientific knowledge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, Michael L.

This exploratory study assessed the influence of an implicit, inquiry-oriented nature of science (NOS) instructional approach undertaken in an interdisciplinary college science course on undergraduate honor students' (UHS) understanding of the aspects of NOS for scientific work and scientific knowledge. In this study, the nature of scientific work concentrated upon the delineation of science from pseudoscience and the value scientists place on reproducibility. The nature of scientific knowledge concentrated upon how UHS view scientific theories and how they believe scientists utilize scientific theories in their research. The 39 UHS who participated in the study were non-science majors enrolled in a Honors College sponsored interdisciplinary science course where the instructors took an implicit NOS instructional approach. An open-ended assessment instrument, the UFO Scenario, was designed for the course and used to assess UHS' images of science at the beginning and end of the semester. The mixed-design study employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze the open-ended responses. The qualitative techniques of open and axial coding were utilized to find recurring themes within UHS' responses. McNemar's chi-square test for two dependent samples was used to identify whether any statistically significant changes occurred within responses from the beginning to the end of the semester. At the start of the study, the majority of UHS held mixed NOS views, but were able to accurately define what a scientific theory is and explicate how scientists utilize theories within scientific research. Postinstruction assessment indicated that UHS did not make significant gains in their understanding of the nature of scientific work or scientific knowledge and their overall images of science remained static. The results of the present study found implicit NOS instruction even with an extensive inquiry-oriented component was an ineffective approach for modifying UHS

[Research and investigation on original plants of medicinal Moutan].

PubMed

Peng, Hua-Sheng; Wang, De-Qun; Peng, Dai-Yin; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-05-01

As a kind of famous ornamental flowers, Moutan, known as "the king of flower", mainly originates from various cultivars of Paeonia suffruticosa. Moutan Cortex, a common traditional Chinese medicine, has a long medicinal history for more than 2 000 years. At present, "Fengdanpi", which is the root bark of P. ostii mainly growing in Tongling, Anhui, is a sort of Dao-di herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. However,various editions of Chinese pharmacopoeia has been stipulating that Moutan Cortex originates from the bark root of P. suffruticosa. Textual researches on germplasm of ornamental and medicinal Moutan provided that, Xi'an, Luoyang, Pengcheng, Bozhou, Heze and some other famous cultivation centers had been formed throughout the history. In addition, medicinal practitioners in Song Dynasty had been fully aware of the medicinal differences between ornamental and wild Moutan, and preferred wild single flowers as medicinal Moutan. Moreover, none of cultivation centers of ornamental Moutan were recorded in producing areas of medicinal Moutan. So far, Fengdan and Dianjiang Moutan in Chongqing are single flowers, which is consistent with the ancient herbal books. Therefore, this paper believes that the medicinal and ornamental Moutan are two different germplasm since ancient times. And we proposethat Chinese pharmacopoeia should record P. ostii and the single-flower varieties of P. suffruticosa as the original plants of Moutan Cortex. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Recombination Origin of Retrovirus XMRV | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) was first reported in samples from a human prostate tumor in 2006, and, at that time, claims were made that XMRV infection rates ranged from 6 to 27 percent of human prostate cancers.  Later research reported XMRV in the blood of 67 percent of people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). When follow-up studies failed to detect XMRV in multiple sets of specimens from people with prostate cancer or CFS and healthy controls, the original reports came under closer scrutiny.

Methods of Science Investigation Part 2: Results of Implementation of a Curriculum Fostering Original Scientific Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danch, J. M.

2008-12-01

Originally designed to allow secondary students with special needs to participate in original scientific research, the Methods of Science Curriculum was piloted in 2008. Students participating included those with special needs, English language learners, and the general population. Students were incrementally graduated from traditional inquiry activities towards authentic student-generated research projects. Students were evaluated via class work grades, an in-school symposium and a pre/post test. 100 percent of participants successfully completed and presented their original research. The pre/post evaluation demonstrated improvement for 91 percent of participants. An unanticipated result was the performance and growth of English language learners, possibly because of the emphasis on the creative and active process of science rather than vocabulary. A teacher-training program is being developed for expansion of the curriculum to additional schools in 2009.

H-index in medicine is driven by original research.

PubMed

Nowak, Jan K; Lubarski, Karol; Kowalik, Lukasz M; Walkowiak, Jaroslaw

2018-02-28

To investigate the contribution of selected types of articles to h-indices of medical researchers. We used the Web of Science to export the publication records of various members from 26 scientific medical societies (13 European, 13 North American) associated with 13 medical specialties. Those included were presidents (n=26), heads of randomly chosen committees (n=52), and randomly selected members of those committees (n=52). Publications contributing to h-index were categorized as research articles, reviews, guidelines, meta-analyses, or other published work. Overall, 3259 items authored by 129 scholars were analyzed. The median h-index was 19.5. The median contribution of research articles to h-index was 84.4%. Researchers in the upper h-index tercile (≥28.5) had a larger share of research articles that contributed to h-index in comparison with those in the lower h-index tercile (≤12.5) (median 87.3% [1st-3rd quartile: 80.0%-93.1%] vs 80.0% [50.0%-88.9%], P=0.015). We observed an analogous difference with regard to guidelines (1.1% [0%-3.7%] vs 0% [0%-0%], P=0.007). Original research drives h-indices in medicine. Although guidelines contribute to h-indices in medicine, their influence is low. The specific role of randomized controlled trials in building h-index in medicine remains to be assessed.

Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theodore, Colin R.; Tischler, Mark B.

2010-01-01

An automatic rotor trim control system was developed and successfully used during a wind tunnel test of a full-scale UH-60 rotor system with Individual Blade Control (IBC) actuators. The trim control system allowed rotor trim to be set more quickly, precisely and repeatably than in previous wind tunnel tests. This control system also allowed the rotor trim state to be maintained during transients and drift in wind tunnel flow, and through changes in IBC actuation. The ability to maintain a consistent rotor trim state was key to quickly and accurately evaluating the effect of IBC on rotor performance, vibration, noise and loads. This paper presents details of the design and implementation of the trim control system including the rotor system hardware, trim control requirements, and trim control hardware and software implementation. Results are presented showing the effect of IBC on rotor trim and dynamic response, a validation of the rotor dynamic simulation used to calculate the initial control gains and tuning of the control system, and the overall performance of the trim control system during the wind tunnel test.

The Undergraduate Student Instrumentation Projects at the University of Houston

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bering, E. A., III; Talbot, R. W.; Glennie, C. L.; Rodrigues, D.; Jinghong, C.; Alozie, M.; Behrend, C. C.; Bias, C.; Ehteshami, A.; Fenton, A.; Greer, M.; Gunawan, B.; Harrison, W.; Jordan, J.; Lalata, M. C.; Lehnen, J. N.; Martinez, A.; Mathur, S.; Medillin, M.; Nguyen, T.; Nguyen, T. V.; Nowling, M.; Perez, D.; Pham, M.; Pina, M.; Porat, I.; Prince, J.; Thomas, G. C.; Velasquez, B.; Victor, L.

2016-12-01

The Undergraduate Student Instrumentation Project (USIP) is a NASA program to engage undergraduate students in rigorous scientific research, for the purposes of innovation and developing the next generation of professionals for an array of fields. The program is student led and executed from initial ideation to research to the design and deployment of scientific payloads. The University of Houston has been selected twice to participate in the USIP programs. The first program (USIP_UH I) ran from 2013 to 2016. USIP_UH II started in January of this year, with funding starting at the end of May. USIP_UH I (USIP_UH II) at the University of Houston was (is) composed of eight (seven) research teams developing six (seven), distinct, balloon-based scientific instruments. These instruments will contribute to a broad range of geophysical sciences from Very Low Frequency recording and Total Electron Content to exobiology and ozone profiling. USIP_UH I had 12 successful launches with 9 recoveries from Fairbanks, AK in March 2015 and 4 piggyback flights with BARREL 3 from Esrange, Kiruna, Sweden in August, 2015. Additional flights with BARREL 4 will take place in August 2016. The great opportunity of this program is capitalizing on the proliferation of electronics miniaturization to create new generations of scientific instruments that are smaller and lighter than ever before. This situation allows experiments to be done more cheaply which ultimately allows many more experiments to be done.

Maximizing Undergraduate Success By Combining Research Experiences with Outreach, Peer Mentoring and Professional Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, B. C.

2014-12-01

The C-MORE Scholars Program provides hands-on, closely mentored research experiences to University of Hawaii (UH) undergraduates during the academic year. Students majoring in the geosciences, especially underrepresented students, from all campuses are encouraged to apply. The academic-year research is complemented by outreach, professional development and summer internships. Combined, these experiences help students develop the skills, confidence and passion that are essential to success in a geoscience career. Research. All students enter the program as trainees, where they learn lab and field research methods, computer skills and science principles. After one year, they are encouraged to reapply as interns, where they work on their own research project. Students who have successfully completed their intern year can reapply as fellows, where they conduct an independent research project such as an honors thesis. Students present their research at a Symposium through posters (trainees) or talks (interns and fellows). Interns and fellows help organize program activities and serve as peer mentors to trainees.Multi-tiered programs that build a pathway toward graduation have been shown to increase student retention and graduation success. Outreach. Undergraduate researchers rarely feel like experts when working with graduate students and faculty. For students to develop their identity as scientists, it is essential that they be given the opportunity to assume the role as expert. Engaging students in outreach is a win-win situation. Students gain valuable skills and confidence in sharing their research with their local community, and the public gets to learn about exciting research happening at UH. Professional Development. Each month, the Scholars meet to develop their professional skills on a particular topic, such as outreach, scientific presentations, interviewing, networking, and preparing application materials for jobs, scholarships and summer REUs. Students are

The availability of references and the sponsorship of original research cited in pharmaceutical advertisements

PubMed Central

Cooper, Richelle J.; Schriger, David L.

2005-01-01

Background The primary goal of pharmaceutical advertisements is to convince physicians to prescribe the manufacturer's product. We sought to determine what materials are cited in support of claims in pharmaceutical ads and medical research articles, and whether health care professionals seeking to verify the claims could obtain these references. Methods We reviewed 438 unique ads from the 1999 issues of 10 American medical journals, and a random sample of 400 references in medical research articles selected from the same journals. We classified references as journal article, data on file, meeting abstract or presentation, book or monograph, marketing report, prescribing information, government document or Internet site. We attempted to confirm or obtain each reference through library and Internet searches or by direct request from the manufacturer. The main outcome we sought to determine was the availability of the reference to a clinician. We also ascertained the source of funding for original research cited in the ads and the research articles. Results In the 438 ads with medical claims, 126 contained no references and 312 contained 721 unique references. Of these ad references, 55% (396/721) cited journal articles and 19% (135/721) cited data on file. In contrast, in the sample of research article references, 88% (351/400) cited journal articles and 8% (33/400) cited books. Overall, 84% of the citations from the ads were available: 98% of journal articles, 86% of books, 71% of meeting abstracts or presentations and 20% of data-on-file references. In all, 99% of the sample of research article references were available. We determined that 58% of the original research cited in the pharmaceutical ads was sponsored by or had an author affiliated with the product's manufacturer, as compared with 8% of the articles cited in the research articles. Interpretation Many pharmaceutical ads contain no references for medical claims. Although references to journal articles

The availability of references and the sponsorship of original research cited in pharmaceutical advertisements.

PubMed

Cooper, Richelle J; Schriger, David L

2005-02-15

The primary goal of pharmaceutical advertisements is to convince physicians to prescribe the manufacturer's product. We sought to determine what materials are cited in support of claims in pharmaceutical ads and medical research articles, and whether health care professionals seeking to verify the claims could obtain these references. We reviewed 438 unique ads from the 1999 issues of 10 American medical journals, and a random sample of 400 references in medical research articles selected from the same journals. We classified references as journal article, data on file, meeting abstract or presentation, book or monograph, marketing report, prescribing information, government document or Internet site. We attempted to confirm or obtain each reference through library and Internet searches or by direct request from the manufacturer. The main outcome we sought to determine was the availability of the reference to a clinician. We also ascertained the source of funding for original research cited in the ads and the research articles. In the 438 ads with medical claims, 126 contained no references and 312 contained 721 unique references. Of these ad references, 55% (396/721) cited journal articles and 19% (135/721) cited data on file. In contrast, in the sample of research article references, 88% (351/400) cited journal articles and 8% (33/400) cited books. Overall, 84% of the citations from the ads were available: 98% of journal articles, 86% of books, 71% of meeting abstracts or presentations and 20% of data-on-file references. In all, 99% of the sample of research article references were available. We determined that 58% of the original research cited in the pharmaceutical ads was sponsored by or had an author affiliated with the product's manufacturer, as compared with 8% of the articles cited in the research articles. Many pharmaceutical ads contain no references for medical claims. Although references to journal articles were usually obtainable, other published

Conducting Original, Hands-On Astronomical Research in the Classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corneau, M. J.

2009-12-01

teachers to convey moderately complex computer science, optical, geographic, mathematical, informational and physical principles through hands-on telescope operations. In addition to the general studies aspects of classroom internet-based astronomy, Tzec Maun supports real science by enabling operators precisely point telescopes and acquire extremely faint, magnitude 19+ CCD images. Thanks to the creative Team of Photometrica (photometrica.org), my teams now have the ability to process and analyze images online and produce results in short order. Normally, astronomical data analysis packages cost greater than thousands of dollars for single license operations. Free to my team members, Photometrica allows students to upload their data to a cloud computing server and read precise photometric and/or astrometric results. I’m indebted to Michael and Geir for their support. The efficacy of student-based research is well documented. The Council on Undergraduate Research defines student research as, "an inquiry or investigation conducted by an undergraduate that makes an original intellectual or creative contribution to the discipline." (http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/studentresearch/What. Teaching from Tzec Maun in the classroom is the most original teaching research I can imagine. I very much look forward to presenting this program to the convened body.

Observed ocean waves by tropical cyclones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lin; Oey, Leo

2017-04-01

Ocean waves produced by tropical cyclones (TC) modify air-sea fluxes which in turn are crucial to the storms' intensity and development, yet they are poorly understood. Here we use 24 years (1992-2015) of observed waves, winds and TC-track information to stratify storm-centered composite maps of waves and winds according to TC intensities and translation speeds (Uh). While the wind field is rightward-asymmetric independent of Uh, the wave field is rightward-symmetric in concert with the wind for slow-translating TCs (Uh ≤ 3 m s-1), but right-rear asymmetric with strongest waves in the 4th quadrant for medium to fast-translating TCs (3 < Uh ≤ 7 m s-1), especially for the very fast storms (Uh > 7 m s-1), all independent of TC-intensity. The dominance of the right-rear asymmetry for fast-translating TCs appears to be related to the development of cross swells as the storms move faster, but further research using models are needed to understand the physical mechanisms.

Biases in Global Reanalysis Datasets Undermine Intraseasonal Prediction Skill Xiouhua Fu1, Bin Wang, June-Yi Lee, Wanqiu Wang, and Li Gao 1International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, J. X.

2010-12-01

Predictability of Intra-Seasonal Oscillation (ISO) relies on both initial conditions and lower boundary conditions (or atmosphere-ocean interaction). The atmospheric reanalysis datasets are commonly used as initial conditions. Here, the biases of three reanalysis datasets (NCEP_R1, _R2, and ERA_Interim) in describing ISO were revealed and the impacts of these biases as initial conditions on ISO prediction skills were assessed. A signal recovery method is proposed to improve ISO prediction. All three reanalysis datasets underestimate the intensity of the equatorial eastward-propagating ISO. When these reanalyses are used as initial conditions in the ECHAM4-UH hybrid coupled model (UH_HCM hereinafter), skillful ISO prediction reaches only about one week for both the 850-hPa zonal winds (U850) and rainfall over Southeast Asia and the global tropics. An enhanced nudging of divergence field is shown to significantly improve the initial conditions, resulting in an extension of the skillful rainfall prediction by 2-3 days and U850 prediction by 5-10 days. After recovering the ISO signals in the original reanalyses, the resultant initial conditions contain ISO strength much closer to the observed. Use of these signal-recovered reanalyses as initial conditions extends the skillful prediction of U850 and rainfall, respectively, to 23 and 18 days over Southeast Asia, and to 20 and 10 days over the global tropics. This finding underlines the urgent need to improve data assimilation systems and observations in advancement of ISO prediction by offering better initial conditions. It is also found that small-scale synoptic weather disturbances in initial conditions generally increase ISO prediction skill. The UH_HCM has better rainfall prediction than the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) over Southeast Asia and both models suffer the prediction barrier over the Maritime Continent.

Recruitment Strategies and Costs Associated with Community-Based Research in a Mexican-Origin Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A.; Trejo, Laura; Miranda, Jeanne; Jimenez, Elizabeth; Quiter, Elaine S.; Mangione, Carol M.

2011-01-01

Purpose: We describe the recruitment strategies and personnel and materials costs associated with two community-based research studies in a Mexican-origin population. We also highlight the role that academic-community partnerships played in the outreach and recruitment process for our studies. We reviewed study documents using case study…

Autoantibodies to two novel peptides in seronegative and early rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed

De Winter, Liesbeth M; Hansen, Wendy L J; van Steenbergen, Hanna W; Geusens, Piet; Lenaerts, Jan; Somers, Klaartje; Stinissen, Piet; van der Helm-van Mil, Annette H M; Somers, Veerle

2016-08-01

Despite recent progress in biomarker discovery for RA diagnostics, still over one-third of RA patients-and even more in early disease-present without RF or ACPA. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of previously identified autoantibodies to novel Hasselt University (UH) peptides in early and seronegative RA. Screening for antibodies against novel UH peptides UH-RA.1, UH-RA.9, UH-RA.14 and UH-RA.21, was performed in two large independent cohorts. Peptide ELISAs were developed to screen for the presence of antibodies to UH-RA peptides. First, 292 RA patients (including 39 early patients), 90 rheumatic and 97 healthy controls from UH were studied. Antibody reactivity to two peptides (UH-RA.1 and UH-RA.21) was also evaluated in 600 RA patients, 309 patients with undifferentiated arthritis and 157 rheumatic controls from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic cohort. In both cohorts, 38% of RA patients were seronegative for RF and ACPA. Testing for autoantibodies to UH-RA.1 and UH-RA.21 reduced the serological gap from 38% to 29% in the UH cohort (P = 0.03) and from 38% to 32% in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic cohort (P = 0.01). Furthermore, 19-33% of early RA patients carried antibodies to these peptides. Specificities in rheumatic controls ranged from 82 to 96%. Whereas antibodies against UH-RA.1 were related to remission, anti-UH-RA.21 antibodies were associated with inflammation, joint erosion and higher tender and swollen joint counts. This study validates the presence of antibody reactivity to novel UH-RA peptides in seronegative and early RA. This might reinforce current diagnostics and improve early diagnosis and intervention in RA. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Parish-Morris, Julia; Liberman, Mark Y; Cieri, Christopher; Herrington, John D; Yerys, Benjamin E; Bateman, Leila; Donaher, Joseph; Ferguson, Emily; Pandey, Juhi; Schultz, Robert T

2017-01-01

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls, even when girls are equally symptomatic. Cutting-edge behavioral imaging has detected "camouflaging" in girls with ASD, wherein social behaviors appear superficially typical, complicating diagnosis. The present study explores a new kind of camouflage based on language differences. Pauses during conversation can be filled with words like UM or UH, but research suggests that these two words are pragmatically distinct (e.g., UM is used to signal longer pauses, and may correlate with greater social communicative sophistication than UH). Large-scale research suggests that women and younger people produce higher rates of UM during conversational pauses than do men and older people, who produce relatively more UH. Although it has been argued that children and adolescents with ASD use UM less often than typical peers, prior research has not included sufficient numbers of girls to examine whether sex explains this effect. Here, we explore UM vs. UH in school-aged boys and girls with ASD, and ask whether filled pauses relate to dimensional measures of autism symptom severity. Sixty-five verbal school-aged participants with ASD (49 boys, 16 girls, IQ estimates in the average range) participated, along with a small comparison group of typically developing children (8 boys, 9 girls). Speech samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were orthographically transcribed and time-aligned, with filled pauses marked. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Girls used UH less often than boys across both diagnostic groups. UH suppression resulted in higher UM ratios for girls than boys, and overall filled pause rates were higher for typical children than for children with ASD. Higher UM ratios correlated with better socialization in boys with ASD, but this effect was driven by increased use of UH by boys with greater symptoms. Pragmatic

Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for use During the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theodore, Colin R.

2010-01-01

A full-scale wind tunnel test to evaluate the effects of Individual Blade Control (IBC) on the performance, vibration, noise and loads of a UH-60A rotor was recently completed in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel [1]. A key component of this wind tunnel test was an automatic rotor trim control system that allowed the rotor trim state to be set more precisely, quickly and repeatably than was possible with the rotor operator setting the trim condition manually. The trim control system was also able to maintain the desired trim condition through changes in IBC actuation both in open- and closed-loop IBC modes, and through long-period transients in wind tunnel flow. This ability of the trim control system to automatically set and maintain a steady rotor trim enabled the effects of different IBC inputs to be compared at common trim conditions and to perform these tests quickly without requiring the rotor operator to re-trim the rotor. The trim control system described in this paper was developed specifically for use during the IBC wind tunnel test

A boom of bones and books: The "popularization industry" of Atapuerca and human-origins research in contemporary Spain.

PubMed

Hochadel, Oliver

2013-07-01

Atapuerca is an important prehistoric site in northern Spain that yielded the oldest hominid fossils in Europe in 1994. Since 1998 the three co-directors of the research team have in sum (co-)authored more than twenty-five popular science books, a boom without precedent in human-origins research. This paper will put forward three hypotheses. First, that these books were instrumental in achieving public recognition and financial support for the research project. Second, popular books on human origins serve as "enlarged battlefields" and as a meta-forum to expose new ideas to the scientific community. Third, the public visibility of these publications enables their authors to assume new roles that go well beyond their part as paleoanthropologists.

University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2001-01-01

The Institute for Astronomy (IfA) is the astronomical research organization of the University of Hawaii (UH). Its headquarters is located in Honolulu on the island of Oahu near the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the main UH cam-pus. The IfA is responsible for administering and maintaining the infrastructure for Haleakala Observatories on the island of Maui and for Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) on the island of Hawaii.

An analysis of trends in globalisation of origin of research published in major general medical journals.

PubMed

Falagas, M E; Alexiou, V G

2008-01-01

There is an ongoing discussion in the scientific community that even the leading scientific journals publish mainly research that is produced in the countries where these journals are based. We analysed data regarding the origin of publications in 11 leading general medical journals during the last 35 years: The Lancet, British Medical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, American Journal of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Medical Journal of Australia and Journal of Internal Medicine (previously called Acta Medica Scandinavica). Among the examined journals, The Lancet has been the most diverse regarding the origin of publications; in the period 1971-1975, 62.6% of its publications originated from the UK while the relevant figure dropped to 43.2% in the period 2001-2005 (19.4% decrease). During the period 2000-2005, the proportion of publications that originated from the country in which each one of the rest of the examined journals has been based ranged from 71.7% to 95.1%. This figure decreased by a proportion ranging from 10.9% to 19.4% for some major US- and UK-based medical journals during the 35-year study period. Our own interpretation of the findings of this study is that scientific journals will better serve the global scientific community as well as the public by adopting policies that increase the mixture of the origin of research that they publish, including work from scientists in developing countries, especially during the era we live.

Gender Differences in the Authorship of Original Research in Pediatric Journals, 2001-2016.

PubMed

Fishman, Michael; Williams, Wadsworth A; Goodman, Denise M; Ross, Lainie Friedman

2017-12-01

To examine the gender of authors of original research in 3 high-impact pediatric journals between 2001 and 2016, given the importance of publishing on academic promotion, and to compare authorship gender with the percentage of women on editorial boards and with academic faculty composition. We assessed the prevalence of female first and senior (last-listed) authorship of original research articles published in 3 pediatric-focused journals Pediatrics, JAMA Pediatrics (entitled Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine until 2013), and The Journal of Pediatrics. We also examined the gender breakdown of the main editors and the broader editorial boards of these journals. In addition, we examined whether junior female faculty co-authored with male or female senior faculty. Of 3895 original articles, 22 were excluded because the gender of either the first or senior author could not be determined from the name. An analysis of authorship by year showed increasing female representation across the selected journals in both first (39.8% in 2001, 57.7% in 2016) and senior (28.6% in 2001, 38.1% in 2016) authors, respectively. Editorial boards also showed increasing female representation (17.8% in 2001 to 39.8% in 2016). Junior female faculty were more likely to co-author with senior female women (female first and last author); the gap remained unchanged despite the increasing number of women entering pediatrics. Women are underrepresented as authors and editors, although the gap is closing. Junior women are less likely to co-author with senior men, which may be a disservice given current gender disparities in promotion and leadership. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Universal R-Matrix for the Jordanian Deformation of sl(2), and the Contracted Forms of so(4)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shariati, A.; Aghamohammadi, A.; Khorrami, M.

We introduce a universal R-matrix for the Jordanian deformation of U(sl(2)). Using Uh(so(4))=Uh(sl(2)) ⊕ U-h(sl(2)), we obtain the universal R-matrix for Uh(so(4)). Applying the graded contractions on the universal R-matrix of Uh(so(4)), we show that there exist three distinct R-matrices for all the contracted algebras. It is shown that Uh(sl(2)), Uh(so(4)), and all of these contracted algebras are triangular.

Original Misunderstanding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holtzman, Alexander

2009-01-01

Humorist Josh Billings quipped, "About the most originality that any writer can hope to achieve honestly is to steal with good judgment." Billings was harsh in his view of originality, but his critique reveals a tension faced by students every time they write a history paper. Research is the essence of any history paper. Especially in high school,…

Telemental Health Training, Team Building, and Workforce Development in Cultural Context: The Hawaii Experience.

PubMed

Alicata, Daniel; Schroepfer, Amanda; Unten, Tim; Agoha, Ruby; Helm, Susana; Fukuda, Michael; Ulrich, Daniel; Michels, Stanton

2016-04-01

The goal of the University of Hawaii (UH) child and adolescent psychiatry telemental health (TMH) program is to train child and adolescent psychiatry fellows to provide behavioral health services for the children of Hawaii and the Pacific Islands in the cultural context of their rural communities using interactive videoteleconferencing (IVTC). The training experience balances learning objectives with community service. Learning objectives include: Understanding mental health disparities in rural communities, leveraging community resources in ongoing treatment, providing culturally effective care, and improving health care access and delivery through TMH service research and evaluation. We describe the UH experience. Several UH faculty are experienced with IVTC technology. They are triple-board trained, are recognized for their research in program evaluation and mental health disparities, and are committed to serving Hawaii's rural communities. We demonstrate the role of TMH in linking children and their families living in rural communities with multiple mental health treatment providers. The service-learning curriculum and a unique collaboration with Mayo Clinic provide the opportunity to examine the role of TMH in global service, and training, education, and research. TMH provides direct services to patients and consultation on Hawaii Island and Maui County. The collaboration with the Mayo Clinic brings further consultation in complex diagnostics, pharmacogenomics, and cross-cultural psychiatry. A curriculum provides trainees experience with IVTC with the goal of potential recruitment to underserved rural communities. The TMH program at UH is unique in its team building and workforce development by joining multiple entities through IVTC and translating expertise from the Mayo Clinic to rural communities, and strengthening collaboration with local child and adolescent psychiatrists, and primary care and other mental health providers. The UH psychiatry program is a

Brief Note on the Origins, Evolution, and Meaning of the Qualitative Research Concept "Thick Description"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ponterotto, Joseph G.

2006-01-01

The origins, cross-disciplinary evolution, and definition of "thick description" are reviewed. Despite its frequent use in the qualitative literature, the concept of "thick description" is often confusing to researchers at all levels. The roots of this confusion are explored and examples of "thick description" are provided. The article closes with…

Preliminary CALET Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Abundance Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rauch, Brian; CALET Collaboration

2017-01-01

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station (ISS) was launched August 19, 2015 and has been returning excellent data for over a year. The main calorimeter (CAL) on CALET measures the fluxes of high-energy electrons, nuclei and gamma rays. In addition to measuring the energy spectra of the more abundant cosmic-ray nuclei through 26Fe, CAL has the dynamic range to measure the abundances of the ultra-heavy (UH) cosmic-ray nuclei through 40Zr. In an anticipated 5 year mission on the ISS CALET will collect a UH data set with statistics comparable to that achieved with the first flight of the SuperTIGER balloon-borne instrument. The CALET space-based measurement has the advantage of not requiring corrections for atmospheric losses, and unlike other UH measurements the abundances of all nuclei from 1H through 40Zr are observed with the same instrument. We present preliminary CALET UH analysis results from the first year of operation. This research was supported by NASA at Washington University under Grant Number NNX11AE02G.

Origins of the two simultaneous mechanisms causing glass transition temperature reductions in high molecular weight freestanding polymer films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prevosto, Daniele, E-mail: ngai@df.unipi.it, E-mail: Prevosto@df.unipi.it; Capaccioli, Simone; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa

2014-02-21

From ellipsometry measurements, Pye and Roth [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 235701 (2011)] presented evidence of the presence of two glass transitions originating from two distinctly different and simultaneous mechanisms to reduce the glass transition temperature within freestanding polystyrene films with thickness less than 70 nm. The upper transition temperature T{sub g}{sup u}(h) is higher than the lower transition temperature T{sub g}{sup l}(h) in the ultrathin films. After comparing their data with the findings of others, using the same or different techniques, they concluded that new theoretical interpretation is needed to explain the two transitions and the different dependences of T{submore » g}{sup u}(h) and T{sub g}{sup l}(h) on film thickness and molecular weight. We address the problem based on advance in delineating the different viscoelastic mechanisms in the glass-rubber transition zone of polymers. Theoretical considerations as well as experiments have shown in time-scales immediately following the segmental α-relaxation are the sub-Rouse modes with longer length scale but shorter than that of the Rouse modes. The existence of the sub-Rouse modes in various polymers including polystyrene has been repeatedly confirmed by experiments. We show that the sub-Rouse modes can account for the upper transition and the properties observed. The segmental α-relaxation is responsible for the lower transition. This is supported by the fact that the segmental α-relaxation in ultrathin freestanding PS films had been observed by dielectric relaxation measurements and photon correlation spectroscopy. Utilizing the temperature dependence of the segmental relaxation times from these experiments, the glass transition temperature T{sub g}{sup α} associated with the segmental relaxation in the ultrathin film is determined. It turns out that T{sub g}{sup α} is nearly the same as T{sub g}{sup l}(h) of the lower transition, and hence definitely segmental α-relaxation is the

Reactive powder based concretes: Mechanical properties, durability and hybrid use with OPC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cwirzen, A.; Penttala, V.; Vornanen, C.

2008-10-15

The basic mechanical properties, frost durability and the bond strength with normal strength concretes of the ultra high strength (UHS) mortars and concretes were studied. The produced mixes had plastic or fluid-like consistency. The 28-day compressive strength varied between 170 and 202 MPa for the heat-treated specimens and between 130 and 150 MPa for the non-heat-treated specimens. The shrinkage values were two times higher for the UHS mortars in comparison with the UHS concretes. After the initial shrinkage, swelling was noticed in the UHS mortars. The lowest creep values were measured for the non-heat-treated UHS concretes. The frost-deicing salts durabilitymore » of the UHS mortars and concretes appeared to be very good even despite the increased water uptake of the UHS concretes. The study of the hybrid concrete beams indicated the formation of low strength transition zone between the UHS mortar and normal strength concrete.« less

Support for the 2001 Gordon Research Conference on the Origins of Solar Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevenson, David J.

2002-01-01

This grant provided partial support for participants at the Gordon Research Conference on Origins of Solar Systems, held at Connecticut College, June 17 through June 22, 2001. This conference was chaired by the PI (David Stevenson) and Pat Cassell (NASA Ames) was Vice-Chair. In addition to the money provided by this grant ($15,000), the Gordon Research Conference organization provided about $22,000 (in large part from registration fees) and BPI provided $10,000 (through Director David Black); the latter targeted primarily for students and postdocs. Accordingly the grant money from NASA was used to cover the costs of registration and travel for about one half of the invited speakers (22 in total) and discussion leaders (about 10 in total).

Support for the 2001 Gordon Research Conference on the Origins of Solar Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevenson, David J.

2002-01-01

This grant provided partial support for participants at the Gordon Research Conference on Origins of Solar Systems, held at Connecticut College, June 17 through June 22, 2001. This conference was chaired by the PI (David Stevenson) and Pat Cassell (NASA Ames) was Vice-Chair. In addition to the money provided by this grant (15,000), the Gordon Research Conference organization provided about 22,000 (in large part from registration fees) and BPI provided 10,000 (through Director David Black); the latter targeted primarily for students and postdocs. Accordingly the grant money from NASA was used to cover the costs of registration and travel for about one half of the invited speakers (22 in total) and discussion leaders (about 10 in total).

Wind Tunnel Measurements of the Wake of a Full-Scale UH-60A Rotor in Forward Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wadcock, Alan J.; Yamauchi, Gloria K.; Schairer, Edward T.

2013-01-01

A full-scale UH-60A rotor was tested in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel in May 2010. The test was designed to acquire a suite of measurements to validate state-of-the-art modeling tools. Measurements include blade airloads (from a single pressure-instrumented blade), blade structural loads (strain gages), rotor performance (rotor balance and torque measurements), blade deformation (stereo-photogrammetry), and rotor wake measurements (Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Retro-reflective Backward Oriented Schlieren (RBOS)). During the test, PIV measurements of flow field velocities were acquired in a stationary cross-flow plane located on the advancing side of the rotor disk at approximately 90 deg rotor azimuth. At each test condition, blade position relative to the measurement plane was varied. The region of interest (ROI) was 4-ft high by 14-ft wide and covered the outer half of the blade radius. Although PIV measurements were acquired in only one plane, much information can be gleaned by studying the rotor wake trajectory in this plane, especially when such measurements are augmented by blade airloads and RBOS data. This paper will provide a comparison between PIV and RBOS measurements of tip vortex position and vortex filament orientation for multiple rotor test conditions. Blade displacement measurements over the complete rotor disk will also be presented documenting blade-to-blade differences in tip-path-plane and providing additional information for correlation with PIV and RBOS measurements of tip vortex location. In addition, PIV measurements of tip vortex core diameter and strength will be presented. Vortex strength will be compared with measurements of maximum bound circulation on the rotor blade determined from pressure distributions obtained from 235 pressure sensors distributed over 9 radial stations.

How to conduct a high-quality original study on a diagnostic research topic.

PubMed

Yao, Xiaomei; Vella, Emily

2017-09-01

As health research methodologists and journal reviewers, we noticed that the methodological rigor of many publications on diagnostic or prognostic topics in the medical literature could be improved. We present a concise and clear series of reviews to help clinicians and health researchers to master the basic key components of how to conduct a high-quality original study or systematic review on a diagnostic or prognostic research topic from a methodological perspective. This is the first review of the series, which focuses on how to conduct a high-quality diagnostic study. We are introducing four aspects: clarifying the objectives; generating an appropriate research question; planning the study design; and reporting and analyzing data. This review highlights that diagnostic test accuracy outcomes are surrogates for patient outcomes, a diagnostic test has three roles, the "PIRO" components should be included in a diagnostic research question, a new study should be registered, multiple index tests can be compared in one study, and prevalence affects test accuracy outcomes. This review also emphasizes reporting any thresholds, calculating sample size, and performing a two-by-three table to calculate diagnostic outcomes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Non-terrestrial origin of life: a transformative research paradigm shift.

PubMed

Wickramasinghe, N Chandra; Trevors, J T

2013-06-01

Theories and hypotheses in science are continually subject to verification, critical re-evaluation, revision and indeed evolution, in response to new observations and discoveries. Theories of the origin of life have been more constrained than other scientific theories and hypotheses in this regard, through the force of social and cultural pressures. There has been a tendency to adhere too rigidly to a class of theory that demands a purely terrestrial origin of life. For nearly five decades evidence in favour of a non-terrestrial origin of life and panspermia has accumulated which has not been properly assessed. A point has now been reached that demands the serious attention of biologists to a possibly transformative paradigm shift of the question of the origin of life, with profound implications across many disciplines.

Quality of Death Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: A Summary of Current Research, 1999. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2: Data Evaluation and Methods Research. No. 128.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Health Statistics (DHHS/PHS), Hyattsville, MD.

This report summarizes current knowledge and research on the quality and reliability of death rates by race and Hispanic origin in official mortality statistics of the United States produced by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). It provides a quantitative assessment of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin and identifies…

[The original German scholarly literature of medieval falconry and the history of its scientific research].

PubMed

Giese, Martina

2007-01-01

German scholarly literature (Fachliteratur) of the middle ages devoted to falconry falls into two main categories: Translations, mostly of latin works, and original treatises. After a short survey of falconry in the past, this article will discuss the original treatises and the history of their analysis since the 19th century. In this context it will deal with the research of the following scholars: Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Anton von Perger, Ernst von Dombrowski, Hermann Werth, Christoph von Biedermann and--most importantly--Kurt Lindner. The appendix contains the editio princeps of the German Münchener Rezeptar I from the codex unicus, München, Universitätsbibliothek, 80 Cod. ms. 354, fol. 31r-33r (dating from the 15th century).

Radiology research in mainland China in the past 10 years: a survey of original articles published in Radiology and European Radiology.

PubMed

Zhang, Long Jiang; Wang, Yun Fei; Yang, Zhen Lu; Schoepf, U Joseph; Xu, Jiaqian; Lu, Guang Ming; Li, Enzhong

2017-10-01

To evaluate the features and trends of Radiology research in Mainland China through bibliometric analysis of the original articles published in Radiology and European Radiology (ER) between 2006 and 2015. We reviewed the original articles published in Radiology and ER between 2006 and 2015. The following information was abstracted: imaging subspecialty, imaging technique(s) used, research type, sample size, study design, statistical analysis, study results, funding declarations, international collaborations, number of authors, department and province of the first author. All variables were examined longitudinally over time. Radiology research in Mainland China saw a substantial increase in original research articles published, especially in the last 5 years (P < 0.001). Within Mainland China's Radiology research, neuroradiology, vascular/interventional Radiology, and abdominal Radiology were the most productive fields; MR imaging was the most used modality, and a distinct geographic provenience was observed for articles published in Radiology and ER. Radiology research in Mainland China has seen substantial growth in the past 5 years with neuroradiology, vascular/interventional Radiology, and abdominal Radiology as the most productive fields. MR imaging is the most used modality. Article provenience shows a distinct geographical pattern. • Radiology research in Mainland China saw a substantial increase. • Neuroradiology, vascular/interventional Radiology, and abdominal Radiology are the most productive fields. • MRI is the most used modality in Mainland China's Radiology research. • Guangdong, Shanghai, and Beijing are the most productive provinces.

Heavy ions in space (M0001)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, J. H., Jr.; Slberberg, R.; Tsao, C. H.

1984-01-01

The ojectives are to investigate three components of heavy nuclei in space: (1) a recently observed anomalous component of low-energy nuclei of N, O, and Ne; (2) the heavy nuclei in the Van Allen radiation belts; and (3) the UH nuclei (Z 30) of the galactic radiation. The study of the anomalous flux of N, O, and Ne nuclei in the unexplored energy region above 100 MeV/u is expected to provide new insights into the source of this component. Its observation in this experiment will confirm that these ions are singly charged. Knowledge of the energy spectra of the heavy nuclei observed in the Van Allen belts is expected to enhance the understanding of the origin of the belts (e.g., injection and local acceleration pocesses). The observation of these heavy ions could show, for the first time, that low-energy particles of extraterrestrial origin can diffuse to the innermost parts of the magnetosphere. Measurements of the UH component are expected to contribute information concerning its source, interstellar propagation, and the galactic storage time.

21. Photographic contact print from a 8x10 original negative. (Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photographic contact print from a 8x10 original negative. (Original drawing located on abandoned NASA site, currently owned by the City of Downey, Downey, California). 1954 NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION BUILDING 41 CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT. - NASA Industrial Plant, Missile Research Laboratory, 12214 Lakewood Boulevard, Downey, Los Angeles County, CA

SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI FOR UMBILICAL HERNIA IN SWINE DETECTED BY GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION.

PubMed

Liao, X J; Lia, L; Zhang, Z Y; Long, Y; Yang, B; Ruan, G R; Su, Y; Ai, H S; Zhang, W C; Deng, W Y; Xiao, S J; Ren, J; Ding, N S; Huang, L S

2015-10-01

Umbilical hernia (UH) is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. UH brings animal welfare problems and severe economic loss to the pig industry. Until now, the genetic basis of UH is poorly understood. The high-density 60K porcine SNP array enables the rapid application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic loci for phenotypic traits at genome wide scale in pigs. The objective of this research was to identify susceptibility loci for swine umbilical hernia using the GWAS approach. We genotyped 478 piglets from 142 families representing three Western commercial breeds with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. Then significant SNPs were detected by GWAS using ROADTRIPS (Robust Association-Detection Test for Related Individuals with Population Substructure) software base on a Bonferroni corrected threshold (P = 1.67E-06) or suggestive threshold (P = 3.34E-05) and false discovery rate (FDR = 0.05). After quality control, 29,924 qualified SNPs and 472 piglets were used for GWAS. Two suggestive loci predisposing to pig UH were identified at 44.25MB on SSC2 (rs81358018, P = 3.34E-06, FDR = 0.049933) and at 45.90MB on SSC17 (rs81479278, P = 3.30E-06, FDR = 0.049933) in Duroc population, respectively. And no SNP was detected to be associated with pig UH at significant level in neither Landrace nor Large White population. Furthermore, we carried out a meta-analysis in the combined pure-breed population containing all the 472 piglets. rs81479278 (P = 1.16E-06, FDR = 0.022475) was identified to associate with pig UH at genome-wide significant level. SRC was characterized as plausible candidate gene for susceptibility to pig UH according to its genomic position and biological functions. To our knowledge, this study gives the first description of GWAS identifying susceptibility loci for umbilical hernia in pigs. Our findings provide deeper insights to the genetic architecture of umbilical hernia in pigs.

[Health care reform and changes in nursing practice in philanthropic hospitals in Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil].

PubMed

Corrêa, A K; Ferraz, C A; Galvão, C M; Zanetti, M L; Dantas, R A

2000-09-01

This paper describes part of a multicenter study sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization to assess health care reforms and their implications for nursing in several countries. The objective of this research was to learn the views of nurses working in philanthropic hospitals in Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding the changes in nursing practice coming from Brazil's health care reform and implementation of the Unified Health System (UHS). Data were obtained through structured interviews with seven nurses who met the selection criteria, from the three philanthropic hospitals in Ribeirão Preto. The nurses reported a decline in the quality of care and in the number of beds for UHS patients. The nurses reported that UHS implementation initially led to infrastructure improvements in the philanthropic hospitals. However, the reforms eventually shifted toward improving the care of private and privately insured patients. In addition, the nurses emphasized their heavy work loads and low pay. The nurses' reports indicated that Brazil's UHS is going through a crisis. In general, the nurses linked this crisis to problems in funding and allocation of resources.

Rotorcraft In-Flight Simulation Research at NASA Ames Research Center: A Review of the 1980's and plans for the 1990's

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aiken, Edwin W.; Hindson, William S.; Lebacqz, J. Victor; Denery, Dallas G.; Eshow, Michelle M.

1991-01-01

A new flight research vehicle, the Rotorcraft-Aircrew System Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL), is being developed by the U.S. Army and NASA at ARC. The requirements for this new facility stem from a perception of rotorcraft system technology requirements for the next decade together with operational experience with the Boeing Vertol CH-47B research helicopter that was operated as an in-flight simulator at ARC during the past 10 years. Accordingly, both the principal design features of the CH-47B variable-stability system and the flight-control and cockpit-display programs that were conducted using this aircraft at ARC are reviewed. Another U.S Army helicopter, a Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk, was selected as the baseline vehicle for the RASCAL. The research programs that influence the design of the RASCAL are summarized, and the resultant requirements for the RASCAL research system are described. These research programs include investigations of advanced, integrated control concepts for achieving high levels of agility and maneuverability, and guidance technologies, employing computer/sensor-aiding, designed to assist the pilot during low-altitude flight in conditions of limited visibility. The approach to the development of the new facility is presented and selected plans for the preliminary design of the RASCAL are described.

FUN3D Airload Predictions for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor in a Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.; Biedron, Robert T.

2013-01-01

An unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured grids, FUN3D, is used to compute the rotor performance and airloads of the UH-60A Airloads Rotor in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-foot Wind Tunnel. The flow solver is loosely coupled to a rotorcraft comprehensive code, CAMRAD-II, to account for trim and aeroelastic deflections. Computations are made for the 1-g level flight speed-sweep test conditions with the airloads rotor installed on the NFAC Large Rotor Test Apparatus (LRTA) and in the 40- by 80-ft wind tunnel to determine the influence of the test stand and wind-tunnel walls on the rotor performance and airloads. Detailed comparisons are made between the results of the CFD/CSD simulations and the wind tunnel measurements. The computed trends in solidity-weighted propulsive force and power coefficient match the experimental trends over the range of advance ratios and are comparable to previously published results. Rotor performance and sectional airloads show little sensitivity to the modeling of the wind-tunnel walls, which indicates that the rotor shaft-angle correction adequately compensates for the wall influence up to an advance ratio of 0.37. Sensitivity of the rotor performance and sectional airloads to the modeling of the rotor with the LRTA body/hub increases with advance ratio. The inclusion of the LRTA in the simulation slightly improves the comparison of rotor propulsive force between the computation and wind tunnel data but does not resolve the difference in the rotor power predictions at mu = 0.37. Despite a more precise knowledge of the rotor trim loads and flight condition, the level of comparison between the computed and measured sectional airloads/pressures at an advance ratio of 0.37 is comparable to the results previously published for the high-speed flight test condition.

RICIS 1987 Symposium. Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houston, A. Glen (Editor)

1987-01-01

Papers presented at the RICIS (Research Institute for Computing and Information Systems) of the University of Houston - Clear Lake are compiled. The following subject areas are covered: NASA JSC/UH - Clear Lake cooperative research program; the RICIS concept; RICIS research; and RICIS research areas.

Pacing during an ultramarathon running event in hilly terrain

PubMed Central

Cole-Hunter, Tom; Wiegand, Aaron N.; Solomon, Colin

2016-01-01

Purpose The dynamics of speed selection as a function of distance, or pacing, are used in recreational, competitive, and scientific research situations as an indirect measure of the psycho-physiological status of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine pacing on level, uphill and downhill sections of participants in a long (>80 km) ultramarathon performed on trails in hilly terrain. Methods Fifteen ultramarathon runners competed in a  173 km event (five finished at  103 km) carrying a Global-Positioning System (GPS) device. Using the GPS data, we determined the speed, relative to average total speed, in level (LEV), uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) gradient categories as a function of total distance, as well as the correlation between overall performance and speed variability, speed loss, and total time stopped. Results There were no significant differences in normality, variances or means in the relative speed in 173-km and 103-km participants. Relative speed decreased in LEV, UH and DH. The main component of speed loss occurred between 5% and 50% of the event distance in LEV, and between 5% and 95% in UH and DH. There were no significant correlations between overall performance and speed loss, the variability of speed, or total time stopped. Conclusions Positive pacing was observed at all gradients, with the main component of speed loss occurring earlier (mixed pacing) in LEV compared to UH and DH. A speed reserve (increased speed in the last section) was observed in LEV and UH. The decrease in speed and variability of speed were more important in LEV and DH than in UH. The absence of a significant correlation between overall performance and descriptors of pacing is novel and indicates that pacing in ultramarathons in trails and hilly terrain differs to other types of running events. PMID:27812406

Hawaii Student / Teacher Astronomy Research program (HI STAR): 10 years of high school students exploring the universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathews, Geoffrey; Armstrong, James; Nassir, Michael A.; Kaichi, Carolyn

2017-01-01

For the past decade, the Hawaii Student / Teacher Astronomy Research program (HI STAR) at UH Manoa’s Institute for Astronomy has trained astronomy-enthusiastic high school students in research, data analysis and science presentation skills. Every summer, a selected group of 8th-to-12th-grade students attend a week-long residential astronomy "camp" in Honolulu, Hawaii. The students experience the profession of astronomy by learning scientific skills such as imaging and spectroscopy, data-reduction, and data analysis. The week culminates with presention of a research project guided by professional astronomer mentors. During the following six months, each student continues to work with a mentor to complete a research project for submission to their local science fair. From 2012 - 2015, ~80% of students completed their long-term projects. Many have performed well; in each of 2015 and 2016, 5 alumni progressed to the International Science and Engineering Fair. Here we present the current structure of HI STAR and plans for the future.

US-China Collaboration on Landslide Research and Student Training

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, G.

2016-12-01

Funded by a NSF International Research Experience for Students (IRES) project (OIA: 1460034) at the University of Houston (http://ires.nsm.uh.edu), the author brought eight U.S. students to China in the summer of 2016. The host university at the China side is the China University of Geoscience at Wuhan. The international collaborative project is designed to expose U.S. students to the international landslide research community at an early stage of their careers. The NSF IRES program will support minimum 18 U.S. students (two graduates and four undergraduates per year) to conduct advanced landslide research in the Three Gorges area in China during the summers (eight weeks) of 2016, 2017, and 2018. The 2016 summer program includes a one-week-long pre-training at the University of Houston, a two-week-long intensive Chinese language and cultural course at the main campus of the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), a four-week-long landslide field investigation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and a one-week-long wrap-up at the University of Houston. This presentation will introduce the experiences and lessons that we learned from the first-year activities of the international collaborative project.

Definition of chronic kidney disease and measurement of kidney function in original research papers: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Anderson, Jocelyn; Glynn, Liam G

2011-09-01

Over the past decade, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an area of intensive clinical and epidemiological research. Despite the clarity provided by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines, there appears to be within the CKD research literature significant disagreement on how to define CKD and measure kidney function. The objectives of this study were to investigate the variety of methods used to define CKD and to measure kidney function in original research papers as well as to investigate whether the quality of the journal had any effect on the quality of the methodology used. This was a descriptive review and not a meta-analysis. Information was extracted from each article including publication details (including the journal's impact factor), definition of CKD, method used to estimate kidney function and quantity of serum creatinine readings used to define CKD. An electronic search of MEDLINE through OVID was completed using the search term CKD. The search was limited to articles in English published in 2009. Studies were included in the review only if they were original research articles including patients with CKD. Articles were excluded if they reported data from a paediatric population, a population solely on dialysis or if there was no full-text access through OVID. Each article was assessed for quality with respect to using KDOQI CKD definition criteria. A description of the pooled data was completed and chi-square tests were used to investigate the relation between article quality and journal quality. Analysis was carried out using SPSS (15.0) and a P-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The final review included 301 articles. There were a variety of methods used to define CKD in original research articles. Less than 20% (n = 59) of the articles adhered to the established international criteria for defining CKD. The majority of articles (52.1%) did not indicate the quantity of serum creatinine

Clinical and histopathologic findings in dogs with the ultrasonographic appearance of gastric muscularis unorganized hyperechoic striations.

PubMed

Heng, Hock Gan; Lim, Chee Kin; Steinbach, Sarah; Broman, Meaghan Maureen; Miller, Margaret Allan

2018-02-09

Ultrasonographic appearance of unorganized hyperechoic striations (UHS) has been observed in the canine gastric muscularis layer. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence, sonographic and postmortem histologic features, and to determine the clinical significance of canine gastric muscularis UHS. In the prospective study, 72 dogs were included. The presence of gastric muscularis UHS were reviewed to determine its distribution and location. In the retrospective study, 167 dogs that had both abdominal ultrasonography and necropsy were included. The prevalence of gastric muscularis UHS in dogs was 37.5% in the prospective and 5.4% in the retrospective studies respectively. The higher prevalence in prospective study was due to greater anticipation by the radiologists in search for gastric muscularis UHS. In the ventral gastric wall, the muscularis UHS were better defined when the gastric lumen was empty or non-distended, and were mostly parallel with the serosa when the gastric wall was distended (with gas or fluid). Visualization of the dorsal gastric wall was often obscured by gas shadowing from luminal gas. Histopathology was performed on eight dogs with gastric muscularis UHS, three of which had fibrous tissue observed with Masson's trichrome stain. Presence of gastric muscularis UHS in dogs may have been attributable to presence of incomplete interfaces between the inner oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal layers of the gastric tunica muscularis or due to presence of fibrous tissue within the gastric muscularis layer. The clinical significance of canine gastric muscularis UHS is uncertain.

Research program for a search of the origin of Darwinian evolution. Research program for a vesicle-based model of the origin of Darwinian evolution on prebiotic early Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tessera, Marc

2017-03-01

The search for origin of `life' is made even more complicated by differing definitions of the subject matter, although a general consensus is that an appropriate definition should center on Darwinian evolution (Cleland and Chyba 2002). Within a physical approach which has been defined as a level-4 evolution (Tessera and Hoelzer 2013), one mechanism could be described showing that only three conditions are required to allow natural selection to apply to populations of different system lineages. This approach leads to a vesicle- based model with the necessary properties. Of course such a model has to be tested. Thus, after a brief presentation of the model an experimental program is proposed that implements the different steps able to show whether this new direction of the research in the field is valid and workable.

Research program for a search of the origin of Darwinian evolution : Research program for a vesicle-based model of the origin of Darwinian evolution on prebiotic early Earth.

PubMed

Tessera, Marc

2017-03-01

The search for origin of 'life' is made even more complicated by differing definitions of the subject matter, although a general consensus is that an appropriate definition should center on Darwinian evolution (Cleland and Chyba 2002). Within a physical approach which has been defined as a level-4 evolution (Tessera and Hoelzer 2013), one mechanism could be described showing that only three conditions are required to allow natural selection to apply to populations of different system lineages. This approach leads to a vesicle- based model with the necessary properties. Of course such a model has to be tested. Thus, after a brief presentation of the model an experimental program is proposed that implements the different steps able to show whether this new direction of the research in the field is valid and workable.

Comparison of Rotor Structural Loads Calculated using Comprehensive Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Wayne; Yeo, Hyeonsoo

2005-01-01

Blade flap and chord bending and torsion moments are investigated for six rotors operating at transition and high speed: H-34 in flight and wind tunnel, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, UH-60A full-scale, and BO- 105 model (HART-I). The measured data from flight and wind tunnel tests are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The calculations were made using two free wake models: rolled-up and multiple-trailer with consolidation models. At transition speed, there is fair to good agreement for the flap and chord bending moments between the test data and analysis for the H-34, research Puma, and SA 349/2. Torsion moment correlation, in general, is fair to good for all the rotors investigated. Better flap bending and torsion moment correlation is obtained for the UH-60A and BO-105 rotors by using the multiple-trailer with consolidation wake model. In the high speed condition, the analysis shows generally better correlation in magnitude than in phase for the flap bending and torsion moments. However, a significant underprediction of chord bending moment is observed for the research Puma and UH-60A. The poor chord bending moment correlation appears to be caused by the airloads model, not the structural dynamics.

Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis Calculation of Airloads on Helicopter Rotors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Johnson, Wayne

2004-01-01

Blade section normal force and pitching moment were investigated for six rotors operating at transition and high speeds: H-34 in flight and wind tunnel, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, UH-60A full-scale and BO-105 model (HART-I). The measured data from flight and wind tunnel tests were compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The calculations were made using two free wake models: rolled-up and multiple-trailer with consolidation models. At transition speed, there is fair to good agreement for the blade section normal force between the test data and analysis for the H-34, research Puma, and SA 349/2 with the rolled-up wake. The calculated airloads differ significantly from the measurements for the UH-60A and BO-105. Better correlation is obtained for the UH-60A and BO-105 by using the multiple-trailer with consolidation wake model. In the high speed condition, the analysis shows generally good agreement with the research Puma flight data in both magnitude and phase. However, poor agreement is obtained for the other rotors examined. The analysis shows that the aerodynamic tip design (chord length and quarter chord location) of the Puma has an important influence on the phase correlation.

Using the Origin and Pawn, Positive Affect, CASPM, and Cognitive Anxiety Content Analysis Scales in Counseling Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Viney, Linda L.; Caputi, Peter

2005-01-01

Content analysis scales apply rigorous measurement to verbal communications and make possible the quantification of text in counseling research. The limitations of the Origin and Pawn Scales (M. T. Westbrook & L. L. Viney, 1980), the Positive Affect Scale (M. T. Westbrook, 1976), the Content Analysis Scales of Psychosocial Maturity (CASPM; L.…

Mineral Surface-Templated Self-Assembling Systems: Case Studies from Nanoscience and Surface Science towards Origins of Life Research.

PubMed

Gillams, Richard J; Jia, Tony Z

2018-05-08

An increasing body of evidence relates the wide range of benefits mineral surfaces offer for the development of early living systems, including adsorption of small molecules from the aqueous phase, formation of monomeric subunits and their subsequent polymerization, and supramolecular assembly of biopolymers and other biomolecules. Each of these processes was likely a necessary stage in the emergence of life on Earth. Here, we compile evidence that templating and enhancement of prebiotically-relevant self-assembling systems by mineral surfaces offers a route to increased structural, functional, and/or chemical complexity. This increase in complexity could have been achieved by early living systems before the advent of evolvable systems and would not have required the generally energetically unfavorable formation of covalent bonds such as phosphodiester or peptide bonds. In this review we will focus on various case studies of prebiotically-relevant mineral-templated self-assembling systems, including supramolecular assemblies of peptides and nucleic acids, from nanoscience and surface science. These fields contain valuable information that is not yet fully being utilized by the origins of life and astrobiology research communities. Some of the self-assemblies that we present can promote the formation of new mineral surfaces, similar to biomineralization, which can then catalyze more essential prebiotic reactions; this could have resulted in a symbiotic feedback loop by which geology and primitive pre-living systems were closely linked to one another even before life’s origin. We hope that the ideas presented herein will seed some interesting discussions and new collaborations between nanoscience/surface science researchers and origins of life/astrobiology researchers.

Origins of Solar Systems Workshop: The Origin, Evolution, and Detectability of Short Period Comets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stern, S. Alan

1993-01-01

The origin of the short period comets (SPC) (periods less than 200 years), the dynamical formation of their present reservoir(s), the cause and rate of their transport to the inner planetary region where they can be detected, and the magnitude of selection effects in their discovery are important research questions directly coupled to the goals of understanding the origin and evolution of the Solar System. To address these questions in an intensive way, an interdisciplinary, five month long Workshop from Jan. to May 1993 at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio was convened. The goal of this Workshop was to advance the state of understanding about the origins, dynamical evolution, and present location of short period comets and their reservoir(s).

There Is a Significant Discrepancy Between "Big Data" Database and Original Research Publications on Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Sochacki, Kyle R; Jack, Robert A; Safran, Marc R; Nho, Shane J; Harris, Joshua D

2018-06-01

The purpose of this study was to compare (1) major complication, (2) revision, and (3) conversion to arthroplasty rates following hip arthroscopy between database studies and original research peer-reviewed publications. A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies that investigated major complication (dislocation, femoral neck fracture, avascular necrosis, fluid extravasation, septic arthritis, death), revision, and hip arthroplasty conversion rates following hip arthroscopy. Major complication, revision, and conversion to hip arthroplasty rates were compared between original research (single- or multicenter therapeutic studies) and database (insurance database using ICD-9/10 and/or current procedural terminology coding terminology) publishing studies. Two hundred seven studies (201 original research publications [15,780 subjects; 54% female] and 6 database studies [20,825 subjects; 60% female]) were analyzed (mean age, 38.2 ± 11.6 years old; mean follow-up, 2.7 ± 2.9 years). The database studies had a significantly higher age (40.6 + 2.8 vs 35.4 ± 11.6), body mass index (27.4 ± 5.6 vs 24.9 ± 3.1), percentage of females (60.1% vs 53.8%), and longer follow-up (3.1 ± 1.6 vs 2.7 ± 3.0) compared with original research (P < .0001 for all). Ninety-seven (0.6%) major complications occurred in the individual studies, and 95 (0.8%) major complications occurred in the database studies (P = .029; relative risk [RR], 1.3). There was a significantly higher rate of femoral neck fracture (0.24% vs 0.03%; P < .0001; RR, 8.0), and hip dislocation (0.17% vs 0.06%; P = .023; RR, 2.2) in the database studies. Reoperations occurred at a significantly higher rate in the database studies (11.1% vs 7.3%; P < .001; RR, 1.5). There was a significantly higher rate of conversion to arthroplasty in the database studies (8.0% vs 3.7%; P < .001; RR, 2.2). Database

Assessing elements of an extended evolutionary synthesis for plant domestication and agricultural origin research

PubMed Central

Piperno, Dolores R.

2017-01-01

The development of agricultural societies, one of the most transformative events in human and ecological history, was made possible by plant and animal domestication. Plant domestication began 12,000–10,000 y ago in a number of major world areas, including the New World tropics, Southwest Asia, and China, during a period of profound global environmental perturbations as the Pleistocene epoch ended and transitioned into the Holocene. Domestication is at its heart an evolutionary process, and for many prehistorians evolutionary theory has been foundational in investigating agricultural origins. Similarly, geneticists working largely with modern crops and their living wild progenitors have documented some of the mechanisms that underwrote phenotypic transformations from wild to domesticated species. Ever-improving analytic methods for retrieval of empirical data from archaeological sites, together with advances in genetic, genomic, epigenetic, and experimental research on living crop plants and wild progenitors, suggest that three fields of study currently little applied to plant domestication processes may be necessary to understand these transformations across a range of species important in early prehistoric agriculture. These fields are phenotypic (developmental) plasticity, niche construction theory, and epigenetics with transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. All are central in a controversy about whether an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis is needed to reconceptualize how evolutionary change occurs. An exploration of their present and potential utility in domestication study shows that all three fields have considerable promise in elucidating important issues in plant domestication and in agricultural origin and dispersal research and should be increasingly applied to these issues. PMID:28576881

Original Research by Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): When Can Students Start Performing Original Research?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sousa-Silva, Clara; McKemmish, Laura K.; Chubb, Katy L.; Gorman, Marie N.; Baker, Jack S.; Barton, Emma J.; Rivlin, Tom; Tennyson, Jonathan

2018-01-01

Involving students in state-of-the-art research from an early age eliminates the idea that science is only for the scientists and empowers young people to explore STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) subjects. It is also a great opportunity to dispel harmful stereotypes about who is suitable for STEM careers, while leaving students…

Aircraft Survivability. Fall 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

test the Mi-24 Hind, UH - 60 , and AH-64 Longbow rotorcraft. Bill also sat on the source selection boards for the Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft...medical evacuation (MEDEVAC, UH -60As and Air Force HH- 60s ), RW Attack (Army AH-64s and Marine AH-1s), RW Observation (Army OH-58s), and RW Utility... UH - 60s and UH -1s). Only a very small percentage of the incidents involved fixed wing aircraft with most of those involving C-130 variants that

Environmental Assessment of the Fielding of a CH-47 Chinook Platoon and Conversion to a General Support Aviation Battalion at Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-04-01

National Guard ESA Endangered Species Act ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act FAA Federal Aviation Administration ASC Army Safety Center ...General is responsible for training and readiness. Governors can call up members of the ARNG in times of domestic emergencies. The ARNG’s state...environmental effects, this EA assumes that each training mission originates and terminates at Buckley AFB. Under these assumptions, the 31 UH-1

HARMONIZING HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS: TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE MINI-HTA MODEL SUITABLE IN THE FRENCH CONTEXT?

PubMed

Martelli, Nicolas; Devaux, Capucine; van den Brink, Hélène; Billaux, Mathilde; Pineau, Judith; Prognon, Patrice; Borget, Isabelle

2017-01-01

The number of new medical devices for individual use that are launched annually exceeds the assessment capacity of the French national health technology assessment (HTA) agency. This has resulted in hospitals, and particularly university hospitals (UHs), developing hospital-based HTA initiatives to support their decisions for purchasing innovative devices. However, the methodologies used in such hospitals have no common basis. The aim of this study was to assess a mini-HTA model as a potential solution to harmonize HTA methodology in French UHs. A systematic review was conducted on Medline, Embase, Health Technology Assessment database, and Google Scholar to identify published articles reporting the use of mini-HTA tools and decision support-like models. A survey was also carried out in eighteen French UHs to identify in-house decision support tools. Finally, topics evaluated in the Danish mini-HTA model and in French UHs were compared using Jaccard similarity coefficients. Our findings showed differences between topics evaluated in French UHs and those assessed in decision support models from the literature. Only five topics among the thirteen most evaluated in French UHs were similar to those assessed in the Danish mini-HTA model. The organizational and ethical/social impacts were rarely explored among the surveyed models used in French UHs when introducing new medical devices. Before its widespread and harmonized use in French UHs, the mini-HTA model would first require adaptations to the French context.

ARC-1993-AC93-0010-17

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-11

Sikorsky UH-60 (USA 82-23748 NASA-748) Airloads research aircraft - Blackhawk helicopter with MUX-Bucket in flight over Livermore, CA. Note: Used in publication in Flight Research at Ames; 57 Years of Development and Validation of Aeronautical Technology NASA SP-1998-3300 fig. 135

A genome-wide association study of copy number variations with umbilical hernia in swine.

PubMed

Long, Yi; Su, Ying; Ai, Huashui; Zhang, Zhiyan; Yang, Bin; Ruan, Guorong; Xiao, Shijun; Liao, Xinjun; Ren, Jun; Huang, Lusheng; Ding, Nengshui

2016-06-01

Umbilical hernia (UH) is one of the most common congenital defects in pigs, leading to considerable economic loss and serious animal welfare problems. To test whether copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to pig UH, we performed a case-control genome-wide CNV association study on 905 pigs from the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds using the Porcine SNP60 BeadChip and penncnv algorithm. We first constructed a genomic map comprising 6193 CNVs that pertain to 737 CNV regions. Then, we identified eight CNVs significantly associated with the risk for UH in the three pig breeds. Six of seven significantly associated CNVs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Notably, a rare CNV (CNV14:13030843-13059455) encompassing the NUGGC gene was strongly associated with UH (permutation-corrected P = 0.0015) in Duroc pigs. This CNV occurred exclusively in seven Duroc UH-affected individuals. SNPs surrounding the CNV did not show association signals, indicating that rare CNVs may play an important role in complex pig diseases such as UH. The NUGGC gene has been implicated in human omphalocele and inguinal hernia. Our finding supports that CNVs, including the NUGGC CNV, contribute to the pathogenesis of pig UH. © 2016 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

"Hook-like effect" causes false-negative point-of-care urine pregnancy testing in emergency patients.

PubMed

Griffey, Richard T; Trent, Caleb J; Bavolek, Rebecca A; Keeperman, Jacob B; Sampson, Christopher; Poirier, Robert F

2013-01-01

Failure to detect pregnancy in the emergency department (ED) can have important consequences. Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (uhCG) point-of-care (POC) assays are valued for rapidly detecting early pregnancy with high sensitivity. However, under certain conditions, POC uhCG tests can fail to detect pregnancy. In investigating a series of late first-trimester false-negative pregnancy tests in our ED, a novel and distinct causative phenomenon was recently elucidated in our institution. We discuss uhCG POC tests, review our false-negative rate, and describe mechanisms for false negatives and potential remedies. The false-negative POC uhCG rate is very low, but in the setting of a large volume of tests, the numbers are worth consideration. In positive uhCG POC tests, free and fixed antibodies bind hCG to form a "sandwich"; hCG is present in several variant forms that change in their concentrations at different stages of pregnancy. When in excess, intact hCG can saturate the antibodies, preventing sandwich formation (hook effect phenomenon). Some assays may include an antibody that does not recognize certain variants present in later stages of pregnancy. When this variant is in excess, it can bind one antibody avidly and the other not at all, resulting in a false-negative test (hook-like phenomenon). In both situations, dilution is key to an accurate test. Manufacturers should consider that uhCG tests are routinely used at many stages of pregnancy. Characterizing uhCG variants recognized by their tests and eliminating lot-to-lot variability may help improve uhCG test performance. Clinicians need to be aware of and familiarize themselves with the limitations of the specific type of uhCG POC tests used in their practice, recognizing that under certain circumstances, false-negative tests can occur. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of uracil and dihydrouracil in human plasma.

PubMed

Jacobs, Bart A W; Rosing, Hilde; de Vries, Niels; Meulendijks, Didier; Henricks, Linda M; Schellens, Jan H M; Beijnen, Jos H

2016-07-15

Quantification of the endogenous dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) substrate uracil (U) and the reaction product dihydrouracil (UH2) in plasma might be suitable for identification of patients at risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity as a result of DPD deficiency. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of a rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay for quantification of U and UH2 in human plasma. Analytes were extracted by protein precipitation, chromatographically separated on an Acquity UPLC(®) HSS T3 column with gradient elution and analyzed with a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. U was quantified in the negative ion mode and UH2 in the positive ion mode. Stable isotopes for U and UH2 were used as internal standards. Total chromatographic run time was 5min. Validated concentration ranges for U and UH2 were from 1 to 100ng/mL and 10 to 1000ng/mL, respectively. Inter-assay bias and inter-assay precision for U were within ±2.8% and ≤12.4%. For UH2, inter-assay bias and inter-assay precision were within ±2.9% and ≤7.2%. Adequate stability of U and UH2 in dry extract, final extract, stock solution and plasma was demonstrated. Stability of U and UH2 in whole blood was only satisfactory when stored up to 4hours at 2-8°C, but not at ambient temperatures. An accurate, precise and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS assay for quantification of U and UH2 in plasma was developed. This assay is now applied to support clinical studies with fluoropyrimidine drugs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Filipinos at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa: Condition and Opportunities to Foster College Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Libarios, Niki; Bachini, Robert

2016-01-01

In Hawai'i's public higher education system, Filipinos are well represented at the University of Hawai'i (UH) community colleges while they are underrepresented at the flagship campus of the UH system--the University of Hawai'i at Manoa (UH Manoa). Two recent studies examined this phenomenon and the related experiences facing Filipino students as…

Genome-wide increase in histone H2A ubiquitylation in a mouse model of Huntington's disease.

PubMed

McFarland, Karen N; Das, Sudeshna; Sun, Ting Ting; Leyfer, Dmitri; Kim, Mee-Ohk; Xia, Eva; Sangrey, Gavin R; Kuhn, Alexandre; Luthi-Carter, Ruth; Clark, Timothy W; Sadri-Vakili, Ghazaleh; Cha, Jang-Ho J

2013-01-01

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with selective vulnerability of striatal neurons and involves extensive transcriptional dysregulation early in the disease process. Previous work in cell and mouse models has shown that histone modifications are altered in HD. Specifically, monoubiquitylated histone H2A (uH2A) is present at the promoters of downregulated genes which led to the hypothesis that uH2A plays a role in transcriptional silencing in HD. To broaden our view of uH2A function in transcription in HD, we examined genome-wide binding sites of uH2A in 12-week old striatal tissue from R6/2 transgenic HD mouse model. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by genomic promoter microarray hybridization (ChIP-chip) and then interrogated how these binding sites correlate with transcribed genes. Our analysis reveals that, while uH2A levels are globally increased at the genome in the transgenic (TG) striatum, uH2A localization at a gene did not strongly correlate with the absence of its transcript. Furthermore, analysis of differential ubiquitylation in wild-type (WT) and TG striata did not reveal the expected enrichment of uH2A at genes with decreased expression in the TG striatum. This first description of genome-wide localization of uH2A in an HD model reveals that monoubiquitylation of histone H2A may not function at the level of the individual gene but may rather influence transcription through global chromatin structure.

"Ames Research Center: Linking our Origins to our Future"

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DesMarais, David J.

2005-01-01

Our research traces a path from interstellar materials to inhabited worlds and beyond. We examine how protoplanetary disks evolve and form terrestrial planets, the evolutionary paths of habitable planets, and how external factors (e.g., orbital eccentricity) and internal factors (atmospheric circulation) affect habitability. We trace, spectroscopically and chemically, the evolution of organic molecules from the interstellar medium onto habitable bodies. We examine how membranes might form under prebiotic planetary conditions. We evolve proteins capable of sustaining early metabolism, such as synthesis of biopolymers and transport of ions across membranes. We estimate the frequency of finding a functional prebiotic protein that formed spontaneously. We characterize the formation of diagnostic microbial biosignatures in rock-hosted ecosystems in ophiolite springs as an analog for subsurface life within our solar system, and photosynthetic microbial mats as biota that could be detected on extrasolar planets. We develop quantitative models that simulate energy relationships, biogeochemical cycling, trace gas exchange, and biodiversity. We examine the effects of climate variability on a vegetation-rich biosphere over intermediate time scales, using South American ecosystems as a model. We address natural transport of life beyond its planet of origin, such as on a meteorite, where survivors must withstand radiation, desiccation, and time in transit. We fly organisms and ecosystems in low Earth orbit to test their resistance to space. The Ames E&PO program disseminates these themes to national- and international-scale audiences through partnerships with the California Academy of Sciences, Yellow stone National Park, New York Hall of Science, and several K-14 educational organizations.

The Origin of Black Smock and White Collar

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hesapcioglu, Muhsin; Meseci Giorgetti, Filiz

2009-01-01

Although there are many empirical studies on the functions of school uniform, studies which focus on the origins of school uniform are neglected. Purpose of this study is to reveal historical origins of black smock and white collar. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted. As a result of the research, it was determined…

What do reviewers look for in an original research article?

PubMed

Shankar, P R

2012-01-01

In this article common errors committed by authors especially those, whose first language is not English, while writing an original research articleis described. Avoiding common errors and improving chances of publication has also been covered. This article may resemble instruction to the author. However, tips from reviewer's eyes has been given. The abstract is the section of the paper most commonly read and care should be taken while writing this section. Keywordsare usedto retrieve articles following searches and use of words from the MeSH database is recommended.The introduction describes work already conducted in the particular area and briefly mentions how the manuscript will add to the existing knowledge.The methods section describes how the study was conducted, is written in the past tense and is often the first part of the paper to be written. The results describe what was found in the study and is usually written after the methods section.The discussion compares the study with the literature and helps to put the study findings in context. The conclusions should be based on the results of the study. The references should be written strictly according to the journal format. Language should be simple, active voice should be used and jargon avoided. Avoid directly quoting from reference articles and paraphrase these in your own words to avoid plagiarism.

CE: Original Research: End-of-Life Care Behind Bars: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Wion, Rachel K; Loeb, Susan J

2016-03-01

: To conduct a systematic review of the published research literature on end-of-life (EOL) care in prisons in order to determine the current state of the science and suggest implications for nursing practice and areas for future research.Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature using the following databases: CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts. All databases were searched from the time of their inception through June 2014. All English-language articles that reported on original quantitative and qualitative research involving EOL or palliative care delivered to prisoners were included. We abstracted data, using the matrix method, and independently reviewed and graded the evidence on its level of strength and quality in accordance with the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice rating scales.Nineteen articles, all published between 2002 and 2014, met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 53% were published between 2009 and 2014, and 58% reported findings from qualitative research. One article reported on research conducted in the United Kingdom; the remaining 18 reported on research conducted in the United States. Capacity (that is, the number of prisoners requiring EOL care and the ability of the prison to accommodate them) and the site of EOL care delivery varied across studies, as did the criteria for admission to EOL or hospice services. Care was provided by prison health care staff, which variously included numerous professional disciplines, corrections officers, and inmate caregivers. The inmate caregivers, in particular, provided a wide array of services and were viewed positively by both EOL patients and health care staff. There are insufficient data to characterize the patients' and inmate caregivers' perceptions of the EOL care staff and the quality

Developmental origins of non-communicable disease: Implications for research and public health

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

This White Paper highlights the developmental period as a plastic phase, which allows the organism to adapt to changes in the environment to maintain or improve reproductive capability in part through sustained health. Plasticity is more prominent prenatally and during early postnatal life, i.e., during the time of cell differentiation and specific tissue formation. These developmental periods are highly sensitive to environmental factors, such as nutrients, environmental chemicals, drugs, infections and other stressors. Nutrient and toxicant effects share many of the same characteristics and reflect two sides of the same coin. In both cases, alterations in physiological functions can be induced and may lead to the development of non-communicable conditions. Many of the major diseases – and dysfunctions – that have increased substantially in prevalence over the last 40 years seem to be related in part to developmental factors associated with either nutritional imbalance or exposures to environmental chemicals. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept provides significant insight into new strategies for research and disease prevention and is sufficiently robust and repeatable across species, including humans, to require a policy and public health response. This White Paper therefore concludes that, as early development (in utero and during the first years of postnatal life) is particularly sensitive to developmental disruption by nutritional factors or environmental chemical exposures, with potentially adverse consequences for health later in life, both research and disease prevention strategies should focus more on these vulnerable life stages. PMID:22715989

Geochemistry and origin of regional dolomites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanson, G.N.; Meyers, W.J.

1992-01-01

This grant supports research on the origins and geochemical aspects of regional dolomites. Eight graduate students are involved in research on dolomite allowing a diverse range of studies. This report outlines their work in the field. (JL)

Originality and Creativity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tan, Shaun

This paper discusses the creative process of one author, a professional author/illustrator of picture books. The paper muses about the meaning of creativity and originality and states inspiration has to do with careful research and looking for a challenge. Creativity is about testing one proposition against another and seeing how things combine…

The origins of options.

PubMed

Smaldino, Paul E; Richerson, Peter J

2012-01-01

Most research on decision making has focused on how human or animal decision makers choose between two or more options, posed in advance by the researchers. The mechanisms by which options are generated for most decisions, however, are not well understood. Models of sequential search have examined the trade-off between continued exploration and choosing one's current best option, but still cannot explain the processes by which new options are generated. We argue that understanding the origins of options is a crucial but untapped area for decision making research. We explore a number of factors which influence the generation of options, which fall broadly into two categories: psycho-biological and socio-cultural. The former category includes factors such as perceptual biases and associative memory networks. The latter category relies on the incredible human capacity for culture and social learning, which doubtless shape not only our choices but the options available for choice. Our intention is to start a discussion that brings us closer toward understanding the origins of options.

The Origins of Options

PubMed Central

Smaldino, Paul E.; Richerson, Peter J.

2012-01-01

Most research on decision making has focused on how human or animal decision makers choose between two or more options, posed in advance by the researchers. The mechanisms by which options are generated for most decisions, however, are not well understood. Models of sequential search have examined the trade-off between continued exploration and choosing one’s current best option, but still cannot explain the processes by which new options are generated. We argue that understanding the origins of options is a crucial but untapped area for decision making research. We explore a number of factors which influence the generation of options, which fall broadly into two categories: psycho-biological and socio-cultural. The former category includes factors such as perceptual biases and associative memory networks. The latter category relies on the incredible human capacity for culture and social learning, which doubtless shape not only our choices but the options available for choice. Our intention is to start a discussion that brings us closer toward understanding the origins of options. PMID:22514515

Group-effort applied research: expanding opportunities for undergraduate research through original, class-based research projects.

PubMed

Moore, Sean D; Teter, Ken

2014-01-01

Undergraduate research clearly enriches the educational development of participating students, but these experiences are limited by the inherent inefficiency of the standard one student-one mentor model for undergraduate research. Group-effort applied research (GEAR) was developed as a strategy to provide substantial numbers of undergraduates with meaningful research experiences. The GEAR curriculum delivers concept-driven lecture material and provides hands-on training in the context of an active research project from the instructor's laboratory. Because GEAR is structured as a class, participating students benefit from intensive, supervised research training that involves a built-in network of peer support and abundant contact with faculty mentors. The class format also ensures a relatively standardized and consistent research experience. Furthermore, meaningful progress toward a research objective can be achieved more readily with GEAR than with the traditional one student-one mentor model of undergraduate research because sporadic mistakes by individuals in the class are overshadowed by the successes of the group as a whole. Three separate GEAR classes involving three distinct research projects have been offered to date. In this article, we provide an overview of the GEAR format and review some of the recurring themes for GEAR instruction. We propose GEAR can serve as a template to expand student opportunities for life science research without sacrificing the quality of the mentored research experience. © 2014 The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Statistical lessons learned for designing cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trials from the NIH Health Care Systems Collaboratory Biostatistics and Design Core.

PubMed

Cook, Andrea J; Delong, Elizabeth; Murray, David M; Vollmer, William M; Heagerty, Patrick J

2016-10-01

Pragmatic clinical trials embedded within health care systems provide an important opportunity to evaluate new interventions and treatments. Networks have recently been developed to support practical and efficient studies. Pragmatic trials will lead to improvements in how we deliver health care and promise to more rapidly translate research findings into practice. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Health Care Systems Collaboratory was formed to conduct pragmatic clinical trials and to cultivate collaboration across research areas and disciplines to develop best practices for future studies. Through a two-stage grant process including a pilot phase (UH2) and a main trial phase (UH3), investigators across the Collaboratory had the opportunity to work together to improve all aspects of these trials before they were launched and to address new issues that arose during implementation. Seven Cores were created to address the various considerations, including Electronic Health Records; Phenotypes, Data Standards, and Data Quality; Biostatistics and Design Core; Patient-Reported Outcomes; Health Care Systems Interactions; Regulatory/Ethics; and Stakeholder Engagement. The goal of this article is to summarize the Biostatistics and Design Core's lessons learned during the initial pilot phase with seven pragmatic clinical trials conducted between 2012 and 2014. Methodological issues arose from the five cluster-randomized trials, also called group-randomized trials, including consideration of crossover and stepped wedge designs. We outlined general themes and challenges and proposed solutions from the pilot phase including topics such as study design, unit of randomization, sample size, and statistical analysis. Our findings are applicable to other pragmatic clinical trials conducted within health care systems. Pragmatic clinical trials using the UH2/UH3 funding mechanism provide an opportunity to ensure that all relevant design issues have been fully considered in order

Heparin in acute ischemic stroke revisited.

PubMed

Chamorro, A

2008-10-01

The evidence gathered in clinical trials of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) or with unfractionated heparin (UH) given subcutaneously at low or medium doses to patients with acute stroke cannot be extrapolated to the insufficiently tested effects of intravenous, weight-adjusted UH. Recent small studies have provided encouraging results but are potentially confounded and deserve confirmation in larger randomized controlled trials. In accordance with the current understanding of the biology of acute ischemic stroke and the pharmacology of UH, the new randomized controlled trials on heparin should give appropriate credit to the importance of a short therapeutic window, adequate dose adjustment of the drug, intravenous administration, and close monitoring of biological effects. UH is an orphan drug and only an academic driven trial would be able to face such an enterprise. Meanwhile, recommendations against the value of "early" anticoagulation with full dose of weight adjusted UH in the setting of acute ischemic stroke are not based on direct evidence but on extrapolations.

Stone tool analysis and human origins research: some advice from Uncle Screwtape.

PubMed

Shea, John J

2011-01-01

The production of purposefully fractured stone tools with functional, sharp cutting edges is a uniquely derived hominin adaptation. In the long history of life on earth, only hominins have adopted this remarkably expedient and broadly effective technological strategy. In the paleontological record, flaked stone tools are irrefutable proof that hominins were present at a particular place and time. Flaked stone tools are found in contexts ranging from the Arctic to equatorial rainforests and on every continent except Antarctica. Paleolithic stone tools show complex patterns of variability, suggesting that they have been subject to the variable selective pressures that have shaped so many other aspects of hominin behavior and morphology. There is every reason to expect that insights gained from studying stone tools should provide vital and important information about the course of human evolution. And yet, one senses that archeological analyses of Paleolithic stone tools are not making as much of a contribution as they could to the major issues in human origins research. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Feminist Research Methodology Groups: Origins, Forms, Functions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinharz, Shulamit

Feminist Research Methodology Groups (FRMGs) have developed as a specific type of women's group in which feminist academics can find supportive audiences for their work while contributing to a feminist redefinition of research methods. An analysis of two FRMGs reveals common characteristics, dynamics, and outcomes. Both were limited to small…

Presentation of Original Research at the European Congress of Radiology 2010: Frequency of Publication in Medline-Indexed Journals Within 5 Years After Presentation.

PubMed

Dollinger, Marco; Zeman, Florian; Müller-Wille, René; Beyer, Lukas Philipp; Stroszczynski, Christian; Bley, Thorsten Alexander; Wiggermann, Philipp

2018-04-01

 To determine the rate at which original studies presented orally at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2010 were published in Medline-indexed journals and to identify factors predictive of publication.  A total of 869 abstracts were included in the study. A Medline search of articles published between March 2010 and February 2015 was conducted to identify articles written by the first, second, and/or last authors of all abstracts published in the Scientific Program of ECR 2010. The publication year, journal, country of origin, subspecialty and nature of the research (i. e., human, animal or technical) were recorded.  Between March 2010 and February 2015 a total of 450 abstracts (publication rate, 51.8 %) were subsequently published in 125 Medline-indexed journals, chiefly in European Radiology (11.1 %). 443/450 (98.4 %) articles were published in English language. The subspecialties of molecular imaging and cardiac imaging had the highest publication rates (75.0 % and 62.0 %, respectively), while computer application studies had the lowest (27.6 %). The nature of research, origin of the abstract and subspecialty significantly influenced the subsequent publication rate.  More than half of the original studies presented orally at ECR 2010 were subsequently published in Medline-indexed journals. More articles were published in the journal European Radiology than in any other identified journal.   · ECR 2010 had a high subsequent publication rate. · Most subsequently published articles were published in radiology journals. · Nearly all articles were published in the English language. · Dollinger M, Zeman F, Müller-Wille R et al. Presentation of Original Research at the European Congress of Radiology 2010: Frequency of Publication in Medline-Indexed Journals Within 5 Years After Presentation. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2017; 190: 327 - 333. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Characteristics and trends of radiology research: a survey of original articles published in AJR and Radiology between 2001 and 2010.

PubMed

Lim, Kyoung Ja; Yoon, Dae Young; Yun, Eun Joo; Seo, Young Lan; Baek, Sora; Gu, Dong Hyeon; Yoon, Soo Jeong; Han, Ari; Ku, You Jin; Kim, Sam Soo

2012-09-01

To determine the characteristics and trends of the original articles published in two major American radiology journals, AJR American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) and Radiology, between 2001 and 2010. This was a retrospective bibliometric analysis that did not involve human subjects and was exempt from institutional review board approval. All 6542 original articles published in AJR and Radiology between 2001 and 2010 were evaluated. The following information was abstracted from each article: radiologic subspecialty, radiologic technique used, type of research, sample size, study design, statistical analysis, study outcome, declared funding, number of authors, affiliation of the first author, and country of the first author. In addition, all the variables examined were presented along with the trend over time. The most common subspecialty of study was abdominal (1219 of 6542, 18.6%), followed by vascular/interventional (804 of 6542, 12.3%). A total of 3744 (57.2%) original articles used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computed tomography (CT), 5495 (84.1%) were clinical research articles, 3060 (46.8%) had sample size of more than 50, 4087 (62.5%) were retrospective, 4714 (72.1%) performed statistical analysis, 6225 (95.2%) showed positive study outcome, 4784 (73.1%) were not funded, 3942 (60.3%) had four to seven authors, and 5731 (87.6%) were written by the primary author who was from a department of radiology or radiology-related specialties. The United States published 45.5% (2975 of 6542) of the articles, followed by Japan (n = 525, 8.0%), Germany (n = 485, 7.4%), and South Korea (n = 455, 7.0%). In the time trend analysis, the following variables showed a significantly positive trend: cardiac subspecialty, CT and MR imaging as the radiologic techniques, type of research as other (nonbasic, nonclinical), sample size of more than 50, four to seven as the number of authors, medicine-related department of the first author, and South Korea and Italy as

Upper hybrid wave excitation due to O-mode interaction with density gradient in the ionosphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Antani, S.N.; Kaup, D.J.; Rao, N.N.

1995-12-31

It has been well recognized that upper hybrid (UH) waves play a key role in various wave processes occurring in the upper hybrid resonance (UHR) region of the ionosphere leading to the observed stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) during artificial heating by ordinary mode (O-mode) electromagnetic waves. Hence it is important to investigate how the UH waves get excited from the incident O-mode. It has been generally suggested that the UH waves are excited by O-mode interaction with nonuniform ionospheric plasma. For instance, direct conversion of the O-mode into UH waves due to pre-existing short scale irregularities was reported earlier. Heremore » the authors consider the role of large-scale, smooth density gradient in exciting the UH waves from the O-mode. The model used is that of a driven harmonic oscillator in which the source term arises from the O-mode interaction with local density gradient. For a slab model with density gradient in the x-direction, and the geomagnetic field in the z-direction, they obtain an inhomogeneous fourth order ordinary differential equation governing the UH wave excitation. This equation has been analyzed in the vicinity of the UHR. The pertinent solutions will be presented and discussed for the typical parameters of heating experiments.« less

Flowfield analysis of modern helicopter rotors in hover by Navier-Stokes method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Srinivasan, G. R.; Raghavan, V.; Duque, E. P. N.

1991-01-01

The viscous, three-dimensional, flowfields of UH60 and BERP rotors are calculated for lifting hover configurations using a Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics method with a view to understand the importance of planform effects on the airloads. In this method, the induced effects of the wake, including the interaction of tip vortices with successive blades, are captured as a part of the overall flowfield solution without prescribing any wake models. Numerical results in the form of surface pressures, hover performance parameters, surface skin friction and tip vortex patterns, and vortex wake trajectory are presented at two thrust conditions for UH60 and BERP rotors. Comparison of results for the UH60 model rotor show good agreement with experiments at moderate thrust conditions. Comparison of results with equivalent rectangular UH60 blade and BERP blade indicates that the BERP blade, with an unconventional planform, gives more thrust at the cost of more power and a reduced figure of merit. The high thrust conditions considered produce severe shock-induced flow separation for UH60 blade, while the BERP blade develops more thrust and minimal separation. The BERP blade produces a tighter tip vortex structure compared with the UH60 blade. These results and the discussion presented bring out the similarities and differences between the two rotors.

A Molecular Genetics Laboratory Course Applying Bioinformatics and Cell Biology in the Context of Original Research

PubMed Central

Pruitt, Wendy M.; Robinson, Lucy C.

2008-01-01

Research based laboratory courses have been shown to stimulate student interest in science and to improve scientific skills. We describe here a project developed for a semester-long research-based laboratory course that accompanies a genetics lecture course. The project was designed to allow students to become familiar with the use of bioinformatics tools and molecular biology and genetic approaches while carrying out original research. Students were required to present their hypotheses, experiments, and results in a comprehensive lab report. The lab project concerned the yeast casein kinase 1 (CK1) protein kinase Yck2. CK1 protein kinases are present in all organisms and are well conserved in primary structure. These enzymes display sequence features that differ from other protein kinase subfamilies. Students identified such sequences within the CK1 subfamily, chose a sequence to analyze, used available structural data to determine possible functions for their sequences, and designed mutations within the sequences. After generating the mutant alleles, these were expressed in yeast and tested for function by using two growth assays. The student response to the project was positive, both in terms of knowledge and skills increases and interest in research, and several students are continuing the analysis of mutant alleles as summer projects. PMID:19047427

Terra Cognita: Graduate Students in the Archives. A Retrospective on the CLIR Mellon Fellowships for Dissertation Research in Original Sources. CLIR Publication No. 170

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council on Library and Information Resources, 2016

2016-01-01

"Terra Cognita" surveys the current landscape of archival research and the experiences of emerging scholars seeking to navigate it. Drawing on data from the Council on Library and Information Resources' (CLIR's) Mellon Fellowships for Dissertation Research in Original Sources, the report takes an in-depth look at how the conditions and…

Management of Electronic Test Equipment. Volume 3. Organizations, Policies, and Procedures.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

is not guaranteed. The best example, probably, is the UH - 60 Black Hawk program, where the specific tools used by organizational maintainers were nailed...tools. This innovative and highly effective approach was large!i, Successful. even though it became obvious once the UH - 60 was fielded, that a special...test set was necessary to cope with the electronic control unit assembly of the turbine engine. The UH - 60 example, however, does illustrate that support

Recruitment Strategies and Costs Associated With Community-Based Research in a Mexican-Origin Population

PubMed Central

Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A.; Trejo, Laura; Miranda, Jeanne; Jimenez, Elizabeth; Quiter, Elaine S.; Mangione, Carol M.

2011-01-01

Purpose: We describe the recruitment strategies and personnel and materials costs associated with two community-based research studies in a Mexican-origin population. We also highlight the role that academic–community partnerships played in the outreach and recruitment process for our studies. We reviewed study documents using case study methodology to categorize recruitment methods, examine community partnerships, and calculate study costs. Results: We employed several recruitment methods to identify and solicit 154 female caregivers for participation in qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. Recruitment approaches included using flyers and word of mouth, attending health fairs, and partnering with nonprofit community-based organizations (CBOs) to sponsor targeted recruitment events. Face-to-face contact with community residents and partnerships with CBOs were most effective in enrolling caregivers into the studies. Almost 70% of participants attended a recruitment event sponsored or supported by CBOs. The least effective recruitment strategy was the use of flyers, which resulted in only 7 completed interviews or questionnaires. Time and costs related to carrying out the research varied by study, where personal interviews cost more on a per-participant basis ($1,081) than the questionnaires ($298). However, almost the same amount of time was spent in the community for both studies. Implications: Partnerships with CBOs were critical for reaching the target enrollment for our studies. The relationship between the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA) Resource Center for Minority Aging Research/Center for Health Improvement for Minority Elderly and the Department of Aging provided the infrastructure for maintaining connections with academic–community partnerships. Nevertheless, building partnerships required time, effort, and resources for both researchers and local organizations. PMID:21565824

Recruitment strategies and costs associated with community-based research in a Mexican-origin population.

PubMed

Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A; Trejo, Laura; Miranda, Jeanne; Jimenez, Elizabeth; Quiter, Elaine S; Mangione, Carol M

2011-06-01

We describe the recruitment strategies and personnel and materials costs associated with two community-based research studies in a Mexican-origin population. We also highlight the role that academic-community partnerships played in the outreach and recruitment process for our studies. We reviewed study documents using case study methodology to categorize recruitment methods, examine community partnerships, and calculate study costs. We employed several recruitment methods to identify and solicit 154 female caregivers for participation in qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. Recruitment approaches included using flyers and word of mouth, attending health fairs, and partnering with nonprofit community-based organizations (CBOs) to sponsor targeted recruitment events. Face-to-face contact with community residents and partnerships with CBOs were most effective in enrolling caregivers into the studies. Almost 70% of participants attended a recruitment event sponsored or supported by CBOs. The least effective recruitment strategy was the use of flyers, which resulted in only 7 completed interviews or questionnaires. Time and costs related to carrying out the research varied by study, where personal interviews cost more on a per-participant basis ($1,081) than the questionnaires ($298). However, almost the same amount of time was spent in the community for both studies. Partnerships with CBOs were critical for reaching the target enrollment for our studies. The relationship between the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Resource Center for Minority Aging Research/Center for Health Improvement for Minority Elderly and the Department of Aging provided the infrastructure for maintaining connections with academic-community partnerships. Nevertheless, building partnerships required time, effort, and resources for both researchers and local organizations.

Patterns of symptom control and palliative care-focused original research articles in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology *Biology* Physics and the Radiotherapy and Oncology Journal, 2005-2014.

PubMed

Shi, Diana D; DiGiovanni, Julia; Skamene, Sonia; Noveroske Philbrick, Sarah; Wang, Yanbing; Barnes, Elizabeth A; Chow, Edward; Sullivan, Adam; Balboni, Tracy A

2018-04-01

A significant portion of radiation treatment (30-40%) is delivered with palliative intent. Given the frequency of palliative care (PC) in radiation oncology, we determined the patterns of research focusing on symptom control and palliative care (SCPC) in two prominent radiation oncology journals from 2005-2014. Original research manuscripts published from 2005-2014 in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology *Biology* Physics (Red Journal) and the Radiotherapy and Oncology Journal (Green Journal) were reviewed to categorize articles as PC and/or SCPC. Articles were categorized as PC if it pertained to any aspect of treatment of metastatic cancer, and as SCPC if symptom control in the metastatic cancer setting was the goal of the research inquiry and/or any domain of palliative clinical practice guidelines was the goal of research inquiry. From 2005-2014, 4.9% (312/6,386) of original research articles published in the Red Journal and 3.5% (84/2,406) published in the Green Journal pertained to metastatic cancer, and were categorized as PC. In the Red Journal, 1.3% (84/6,386) of original research articles were categorized as SCPC; 1.3% (32/2,406) of articles in the Green Journal were categorized as SCPC. There was no trend observed in the proportion of SCPC articles published over time in the Red Journal (P=0.76), the Green Journal (P=0.48), or both journals in aggregate (P=0.38). Despite the fact that palliative radiotherapy is a critical part of radiation oncology practice, PC and SCPC-focused original research is poorly represented in the Red Journal and the Green Journal.

New research on the origin of mottled clay in Quaternary basins in the coastal area of south China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jing; Chen, Zhen; Gao, Quanzhou; Chen, Guoneng

2018-06-01

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) mottled clay occurs widely in Late Quaternary basins in south China coastal areas. Current research attributes its origin to exposure weathering of Late Pleistocene marine/fluvial deposits during the LGM. However, field data suggest that this is not the case as there is no gradual transition in lithology, grain size, structure and material composition among these layers. Instead, the mottled clay possesses sedimentary characteristics of exotic dust. In this study, three typical drill cores in the Pearl River Delta were studied using grain size analysis, diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) and geochemical analysis to ascertain the clay's sedimentary characteristics and origin. Grain size distribution patterns and parameters of the mottled clay were similar to those of a typical loess, indicating aeolian origin. In DRS curves, the peak height of hematite > goethite, indicating that the mottled clay had not experienced strong hydration and constitutes a continental product. This conforms to a typical loess but differs from the underlying marine/fluvial deposits. The chemical composition of the mottled clay was homogeneous in the vertical and planar directions. Upper continental crust (UCC) normalized curves of major and trace elements of the mottled clay were close to the average UCC and were consistent with typical aeolian deposits. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and relationship with the underlying layer suggest that the mottled clay was a loess-like deposit during the LGM and its mottled structure originated from strong modification of oxidation during the postglacial period after homogeneous dust had accumulated.

Group-effort Applied Research: Expanding Opportunities for Undergraduate Research through Original, Class-Based Research Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Sean D.; Teter, Ken

2014-01-01

Undergraduate research clearly enriches the educational development of participating students, but these experiences are limited by the inherent inefficiency of the standard one student-one mentor model for undergraduate research. Group-effort applied research (GEAR) was developed as a strategy to provide substantial numbers of undergraduates with…

Conscientiousness: Origins in Childhood?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenberg, Nancy; Duckworth, Angela L.; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Valiente, Carlos

2014-01-01

In this review, we evaluate developmental and personality research with the aim of determining whether the personality trait of conscientiousness can be identified in children and adolescents. After concluding that conscientiousness does emerge in childhood, we discuss the developmental origins of conscientiousness with a specific focus on…

The elusive structural role of ubiquitinated histones.

PubMed

Moore, Susan C; Jason, Laure; Ausió, Juan

2002-01-01

It is increasingly apparent that histone posttranslational modifications are important in chromatin structure and dynamics. However, histone ubiquitination has received little attention. Histones H1, H3, H2A, and H2B can be ubiquitinated in vivo, but the most prevalent are uH2A and uH2B. The size of this modification suggests some sort of structural impact. Physiological observations suggest that ubiquitinated histones may have multiple functions and structural effects. Ubiquitinated histones have been correlated with transcriptionally active DNA, implying that it may prevent chromatin folding or help maintain an open conformation. Also, in some organisms during spermiogenesis, a process involving extensive chromatin remodeling, uH2A levels increase just prior to histone replacement by protamines. Determination of chromatin's structural changes resulting from histone ubiquitination is therefore important. Recent work using reconstituted nucleosomes and chromatin fibers containing uH2A indicate that in the absence of linker histones, ubiquitination has little structural impact. DNase I digests and analytical ultracentrifugation of reconstituted ubiquitinated nucleosomes show no structural differences. Solubility assays using reconstituted chromatin fibers in the presence of divalent ions demonstrate that uH2A fibers are slightly more prone to aggregation than controls, and analytical ultracentrifugation results with different MgCl2 and NaCl concentrations determined that chromatin folding is not affected by this modification. Additional work to assess possible synergistic affects with histone acetylation also precludes any structural implications. Protamine displacement experiments concluded that the presence of uH2A does not significantly affect the ability of the protamines to displace histones. In addition, uH2A does not interfere with histone H1 binding to the nucleosome. While work with uH2B remains insufficient to come to any definitive conclusions about its

The RNA-world and co-evolution hypotheses and the origin of life: Implications, research strategies and perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lahav, Noam

1993-12-01

The applicability of the RNA-world and co-evolution hypotheses to the study of the very first stages of the origin of life is discussed. The discussion focuses on the basic differences between the two hypotheses and their implications, with regard to the reconstruction methodology, ribosome emergence, balance between ribozymes and protein enzymes, and their major difficulties. Additional complexities of the two hypotheses, such as membranes and the energy source of the first reactions, are not treated in the present work. A central element in the proposed experimental strategies is the study of the catalytic activities of very small peptides and RNA-like oligomers, according to existing, as well as to yet-to-be-invented scenarios of the two hypotheses under consideration. It is suggested that the noveldirected molecular evolution technology, andmolecular computational modeling, can be applied to this research. This strategy is assumed to be essential for the suggested goal of future studies of the origin of life, namely, the establishment of a ‘Primordial Darwinian entity’.

The RNA-world and co-evolution hypothesis and the origin of life: Implications, research strategies and perspectives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lahav, Noam

1993-01-01

The applicability of the RNA-world and co-evolution hypothesis to the study of the very first stages of the origin of life is discussed. The discussion focuses on the basic differences between the two hypotheses and their implications, with regard to the reconstruction methodology, ribosome emergence, balance between ribozymes and protein enzymes, and their major difficultites. Additional complexities of the two hypotheses, such as membranes and the energy source of the first reactions, are not treated in the present work. A central element in the proposed experimental strategies is the study of the catalytic activites of very small peptides and RNA-like oligomers, according to existing, as well as to yet-to-be-invented scenarios of the two hypothesis under consideration. It is suggested that the novel directed molecular evolution technology, and molecular computational modeling, can be applied to this research. This strategy is assumed to be essential for the suggested goal of future studies of the origin of life, namely, the establishment of a `Primordial Darwinian entity'.

Group-Effort Applied Research (GEAR): Expanding Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Through Original, Class-Based Research Projects

PubMed Central

Moore, Sean D.; Teter, Ken

2014-01-01

Undergraduate research clearly enriches the educational development of participating students, but these experiences are limited by the inherent inefficiency of the standard one student - one mentor model for undergraduate research. Group-Effort Applied Research (GEAR) was developed as a strategy to provide substantial numbers of undergraduates with meaningful research experiences. The GEAR curriculum delivers concept-driven lecture material and provides hands-on training in the context of an active research project from the instructor's lab. Because GEAR is structured as a class, participating students benefit from intensive, supervised research training that involves a built-in network of peer support and abundant contact with faculty mentors. The class format also ensures a relatively standardized and consistent research experience. Furthermore, meaningful progress toward a research objective can be achieved more readily with GEAR than with the traditional one student - one mentor model of undergraduate research because sporadic mistakes by individuals in the class are overshadowed by the successes of the group as a whole. Three separate GEAR classes involving three distinct research projects have been offered to date. In this paper, we provide an overview of the GEAR format and review some of the recurring themes for GEAR instruction. We propose GEAR can serve as a template to expand student opportunities for life science research without sacrificing the quality of the mentored research experience. PMID:24898007

Does a research article's country of origin affect perception of its quality and relevance? A national trial of US public health researchers.

PubMed

Harris, M; Macinko, J; Jimenez, G; Mahfoud, M; Anderson, C

2015-12-30

The source of research may influence one's interpretation of it in either negative or positive ways, however, there are no robust experiments to determine how source impacts on one's judgment of the research article. We determine the impact of source on respondents' assessment of the quality and relevance of selected research abstracts. Web-based survey design using four healthcare research abstracts previously published and included in Cochrane Reviews. All Council on the Education of Public Health-accredited Schools and Programmes of Public Health in the USA. 899 core faculty members (full, associate and assistant professors) Each of the four abstracts appeared with a high-income source half of the time, and low-income source half of the time. Participants each reviewed the same four abstracts, but were randomly allocated to receive two abstracts with high-income source, and two abstracts with low-income source, allowing for within-abstract comparison of quality and relevance Within-abstract comparison of participants' rating scores on two measures--strength of the evidence, and likelihood of referral to a peer (1-10 rating scale). OR was calculated using a generalised ordered logit model adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Participants who received high income country source abstracts were equal in all known characteristics to the participants who received the abstracts with low income country sources. For one of the four abstracts (a randomised, controlled trial of a pharmaceutical intervention), likelihood of referral to a peer was greater if the source was a high income country (OR 1.28, 1.02 to 1.62, p<0.05). All things being equal, in one of the four abstracts, the respondents were influenced by a high-income source in their rating of research abstracts. More research may be needed to explore how the origin of a research article may lead to stereotype activation and application in research evaluation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited

Safe Heliports Through Design and Planning. A Summary of FAA Research and Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-08

facilities. Instrument approach R&D is a major topic by itself. This topic is addressed by a number cf the documents discussed in this bibliography... approach . Heliport approach and departure flight profiles were recorded using a variety of subject pilots flying three different helicopters: a Hughes...OH-6, a Sikorsky S-76, and a Bell UH-1. 5 A total of 1217 data runs ( approaches or departures) were completed. These included 239 runs with the OH-6

The Origin and Advancement of Cardiovascular Physiology in Brazil: The Contribution of Eduardo Krieger to Research Groups

PubMed Central

Vasquez, Elisardo C.

2016-01-01

Since 1996, symposia devoted to the discussion of advances in cardiovascular physiology have been alternately organized by Brazilian research groups, most of which were created or joined by Ph.D. trainees of Eduardo M Krieger. Therefore, as Frontiers in Physiology is publishing a topic devoted to the celebration of the 20th edition of the Brazilian Symposium of Cardiovascular Physiology, it is a great opportunity to talk about the contributions of Eduardo Krieger to the development of cardiovascular physiology. In this historical mini-review, first, the influence of the Argentinian group of Bernardo Houssay and Braun Menéndez on cardiovascular physiology in Brazil is discussed. Second, the contribution of Eduardo Krieger to the creation of several of those groups and to the development of science and technology is reviewed. Finally, the origin and consolidation of the group of Vitoria is highlighted as an example of a research group that was influenced by the University of Sao Paulo-Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto and has trained hundreds of Master and Ph.D. students in the area of cardiovascular research. PMID:27148073

The Origin and Advancement of Cardiovascular Physiology in Brazil: The Contribution of Eduardo Krieger to Research Groups.

PubMed

Vasquez, Elisardo C

2016-01-01

Since 1996, symposia devoted to the discussion of advances in cardiovascular physiology have been alternately organized by Brazilian research groups, most of which were created or joined by Ph.D. trainees of Eduardo M Krieger. Therefore, as Frontiers in Physiology is publishing a topic devoted to the celebration of the 20th edition of the Brazilian Symposium of Cardiovascular Physiology, it is a great opportunity to talk about the contributions of Eduardo Krieger to the development of cardiovascular physiology. In this historical mini-review, first, the influence of the Argentinian group of Bernardo Houssay and Braun Menéndez on cardiovascular physiology in Brazil is discussed. Second, the contribution of Eduardo Krieger to the creation of several of those groups and to the development of science and technology is reviewed. Finally, the origin and consolidation of the group of Vitoria is highlighted as an example of a research group that was influenced by the University of Sao Paulo-Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto and has trained hundreds of Master and Ph.D. students in the area of cardiovascular research.

[Internship in a community hospital. Experience gained in the "Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas de Botucatu" (author's transl)].

PubMed

Meira, D A; De Campos, E P; Brasil, M A

1976-01-01

Currently the verification of the equivalence between an University Hospital (U.H.) and a Community Hospital (C.H.), in means of internship accomplishment is an important subject. The F.C.M.B.B. has accumulated experience in this matter, since among the 514 doctors graduated at this school, in the period of 1968 to 1973: 309 accomplished their internship at Botucatu (U.H.); and the remainers 205 at C.H.s. The author's purpose was to try to evaluate the existence, or not, of this equivalence. Thus two different questionnaries were elaborated, one that was answered by two kinds of intern's instructors (total 58): the teaching staff of U.H. (33), and the physicians belonging to the staff of one of the C.H.s. The other was submitted to two groups of ex-interns (total: 73): ex-interns from U.H. (53) and from C.H.s. (20). Both, ex-interns and teachers, were selected by chance. The answers were analysed by stablishing a comparison between the two groups: U.H. and C.H. The results were analysed by chi2 (chi-square) using the Yates correction for 2 X 2 tables. They seem to suggest that there is an equivalence between U.H.s. and C.H.s. in means of internship accomplishment, since certain characteristics are observed by the C.H.s.

Extending access to specialist services: the impact of an onsite helipad and analysis of the first 100 flights.

PubMed

Freshwater, Eleanor S; Dickinson, Phillip; Crouch, Robert; Deakin, Charles D; Eynon, C Andy

2014-02-01

In November 2011, University Hospital Southampton (UHS), now a major trauma centre, opened its onsite helipad, allowing patients to be brought to the emergency department (ED) directly by air ambulance. Prior to this, helicopters were required to land at a local playing field and the patient had to be transferred by land ambulance. This study aims to investigate the impact this change in practice has had on the flow of patients to the ED. The authors completed a retrospective case analysis of the first 100 patients brought directly to UHS by helicopter. Data were obtained from ED notes and helicopter provider databases. Analysis was conducted on the type of incident and appropriateness of referral. Incident locations were plotted geographically. 100 patients arrived at UHS ED by helicopter between 17 November 2011 and 31 March 2012. Of these, 79 were primary helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) missions and 21 were secondary transfers from other hospitals. Of the HEMS patients, 38 were likely to have been transported to another hospital, had there not been an onsite helipad at UHS. 29 passed another suitable receiving hospital en route and therefore may have come to UHS for speciality services. The provision of an onsite, 24 h helipad facility at UHS has resulted in a significant number of patients being transported to the hospital by helicopter who might otherwise have attended an alternative hospital.

Nonadditive protein accumulation patterns in Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids during embryo development.

PubMed

Marcon, Caroline; Schützenmeister, André; Schütz, Wolfgang; Madlung, Johannes; Piepho, Hans-Peter; Hochholdinger, Frank

2010-12-03

Heterosis describes the superior performance of heterozygous F(1)-hybrid plants compared to their homozygous parental inbred lines. In the present study, heterosis was detected for length, weight, and the time point of seminal root primordia initiation in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos of the reciprocal F(1)-hybrids UH005xUH250 and UH250xUH005. A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteome survey of the most abundant proteins of the reciprocal hybrids and their parental inbred lines 25 and 35 days after pollination revealed that 141 of 597 detected proteins (24%) exhibited nonadditive accumulation in at least one hybrid. Approximately 44% of all nonadditively accumulated proteins displayed an expression pattern that was not distinguishable from the low parent value. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analyses and subsequent functional classification of the 141 proteins revealed that development, protein metabolism, redox-regulation, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism were the most prominent functional classes among nonadditively accumulated proteins. In 35-day-old embryos of the hybrid UH250xUH005, a significant up-regulation of enzymes related to glucose metabolism which often exceeded the best parent values was observed. A comparison of nonadditive protein accumulation between rice and maize embryo data sets revealed a significant overlap of nonadditively accumulated proteins suggesting conserved organ- or tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in monocots related to heterosis.

An integrative approach to understanding bird origins.

PubMed

Xu, Xing; Zhou, Zhonghe; Dudley, Robert; Mackem, Susan; Chuong, Cheng-Ming; Erickson, Gregory M; Varricchio, David J

2014-12-12

Recent discoveries of spectacular dinosaur fossils overwhelmingly support the hypothesis that birds are descended from maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs, and furthermore, demonstrate that distinctive bird characteristics such as feathers, flight, endothermic physiology, unique strategies for reproduction and growth, and a novel pulmonary system originated among Mesozoic terrestrial dinosaurs. The transition from ground-living to flight-capable theropod dinosaurs now probably represents one of the best-documented major evolutionary transitions in life history. Recent studies in developmental biology and other disciplines provide additional insights into how bird characteristics originated and evolved. The iconic features of extant birds for the most part evolved in a gradual and stepwise fashion throughout archosaur evolution. However, new data also highlight occasional bursts of morphological novelty at certain stages particularly close to the origin of birds and an unavoidable complex, mosaic evolutionary distribution of major bird characteristics on the theropod tree. Research into bird origins provides a premier example of how paleontological and neontological data can interact to reveal the complexity of major innovations, to answer key evolutionary questions, and to lead to new research directions. A better understanding of bird origins requires multifaceted and integrative approaches, yet fossils necessarily provide the final test of any evolutionary model. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Evolutionary origins of the endosperm in flowering plants

PubMed Central

Baroux, Célia; Spillane, Charles; Grossniklaus, Ueli

2002-01-01

The evolutionary origin of double fertilization and the resultant endosperm tissue in flowering plants remains a puzzle, despite over a century of research. The recent resurgence of approaches to evolutionary developmental biology combining comparative biology with phylogenetics provides new understanding of endosperm origins. PMID:12225592

Autoimmune Diseases

MedlinePlus

... Disease Symptoms Alopecia areata (Al-uh-PEE-shuh AR-ee-AYT-uh) The immune system attacks hair ... spine is involved. Rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-muh-toid ar-THREYE-tuhss) A disease in which the immune ...

Essjay's "Ethos": Rethinking Textual Origins and Intellectual Property

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, James J., Jr.

2009-01-01

Discussions of intellectual property are often the focus of rhetoric and composition research, and the question of textual origins grounds these discussions. Through an examination of Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia anyone can edit, this essay addresses disciplinary concerns about textual origins and intellectual property through a discussion…

The Origin of Chondrules and Chondrites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sears, Derek W. G.

2005-01-01

Drawing on research from the various scientific disciplines involved, this text summarizes the origin and history of chondrules and chondrites. Including citations to every published paper on the topic, it forms a comprehensive bibliography of the latest research. In addition, extensive illustrations provide a clear visual representation of the scientific theories. The text will be a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in planetary science, geology and astronomy.

Lung bioaccessibility of contaminants in particulate matter of geological origin.

PubMed

Guney, Mert; Chapuis, Robert P; Zagury, Gerald J

2016-12-01

Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects. While inhalation exposure to airborne PM is a prominent research subject, exposure to PM of geological origin (i.e., generated from soil/soil-like material) has received less attention. This review discusses the contaminants in PM of geological origin and their relevance for human exposure and then evaluates lung bioaccessibility assessment methods and their use. PM of geological origin can contain toxic elements as well as organic contaminants. Observed/predicted PM lung clearance times are long, which may lead to prolonged contact with lung environment. Thus, certain exposure scenarios warrant the use of in vitro bioaccessibility testing to predict lung bioavailability. Limited research is available on lung bioaccessibility test development and test application to PM of geological origin. For in vitro tests, test parameter variation between different studies and concerns about physiological relevance indicate a crucial need for test method standardization and comparison with relevant animal data. Research is recommended on (1) developing robust in vitro lung bioaccessibility methods, (2) assessing bioaccessibility of various contaminants (especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in PM of diverse origin (surface soils, mine tailings, etc.), and (3) risk characterization to determine relative importance of exposure to PM of geological origin.

Human Genome: DOE Origins

Science.gov Websites

Health and Environmental Research [OHER], the program that supported most Biology in the Department. The origins of DOE's biology program traced to the Manhattan Project, the World War II program that produced Technical Report; 1964 Impact of Radiation Biology on Fundamental Insights in Biology; DOE Technical Report

Promoting Original Scientific Research and Teacher Training Through a High School Science Research Program: A Five Year Retrospective and Analysis of the Impact on Mentored 8th Grade Geoscience Students and the Mentors Themselves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danch, J. M.

2015-12-01

In 2010 a group of 8th grade geoscience students participated in an extracurricular activity allowing them to conduct original scientific research while being mentored by students enrolled in a 3 - year high school Science Research program. Upon entering high school the mentored students themselves enrolled in the Science Research program and continued for 4 years, culminating with their participation in Science Research 4. This allowed them to continue conducting original scientific research, act as mentors to 8th grade geoscience students and to provide teacher training for both middle and high school teachers conducting inquiry-based science lessons. Of the 7 Science Research 4 students participating since 2010, 100% plan on majoring or minoring in a STEM - related field in college and their individual research projects have been been granted over 70 different awards and honors in science fair and symposia including a 3rd and 4th place category awards at two different international science fairs - the International Sustainable Energy Engineering and Environment Project (iSWEEP) and the International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). Science Research 4 students developed and conducted a Society for Science and the Public affiliated science fair for middle school students enrolled in an 8th grade honors geoscience program allowing over 100 students from 5 middle schools to present their research and be judged by STEM professionals. Students with research judged in the top 10% were nominated for participation in the National Broadcom MASTERS program which they successfully entered upon further mentoring from the Science Research 4 students. 8th grade enrollment in the Science Research program for 2015 increased by almost 50% with feedback from students, parents and teachers indicating that the mentorship and participation in the 8th grade science fair were factors in increasing interest in continuing authentic scientific research in high school.

Recursive partitioning identifies greater than 4 U of packed red blood cells per hour as an improved massive transfusion definition.

PubMed

Moren, Alexis Marika; Hamptom, David; Diggs, Brian; Kiraly, Laszlo; Fox, Erin E; Holcomb, John B; Rahbar, Mohammad Hossein; Brasel, Karen J; Cohen, Mitchell Jay; Bulger, Eileen M; Schreiber, Martin A

2015-12-01

Massive transfusion (MT) is classically defined as greater than 10 U of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in 24 hours. This fails to capture the most severely injured patients. Extending the previous work of Savage and Rahbar, a rolling hourly rate-based definition of MT may more accurately define critically injured patients requiring early, aggressive resuscitation. The Prospective Observational Multicenter Major Trauma Transfusion (PROMMTT) trial collected data from 10 Level 1 trauma centers. Patients were placed into rate-based transfusion groups by maximal number of PRBCs transfused in any hour within the first 6 hours. A nonparametric analysis using classification trees partitioned data according to mortality at 24 hours using a predictor variable of maximum number PRBC units transfused in an hour. Dichotomous variables significant in previous scores and models as predictors of MT were used to identify critically ill patients: a positive finding on Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) examination, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than 8, heart rate greater than 120 beats/min, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, penetrating mechanism of injury, international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, hemoglobin less than 11, and base deficit greater than 5. These critical indicators were then compared among the nodes of the classification tree. Patients omitted included those who did not receive PRBCs (n = 24) and those who did not have all eight critical indicators reported (n = 449). In a population of 1,245 patients, the classification tree included 772 patients. Analysis by recursive partitioning showed increased mortality among patients receiving greater than 13 U/h (73.9%, p < 0.01). In those patients receiving less than or equal to 13 U/h, mortality was greater in patients who received more than 4 U/h (16.7% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.01) (Fig. 1). Nodal analysis showed that the median number of critical indicators for each node was 3 (2-4) (≤4 U/h

Comparison of Uniform Flux and Uniform Head Wellbore Boundary for the Multilevel Slug Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, C.

2012-12-01

The multilevel slug test (MLST) is useful in characterizing the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity K(z) around a well. Most MLST models assume a uniform flux (UF) distribution along the screen length ls during the test. This assumption leads to a nonuniform head distribution along ls, which is of question under the field conditions. To this end, the head distribution along ls is assumed to be uniform (UH). The MLST model associated with the UH assumption is mathematically more complicated and thus is less used. The difference of using UF and UH in modeling the MLST is investigated here for confined aquifers. For the low-K conditions of monotonic recovery of well water level, it is found that the well water level recovery predicted by the UH model is faster than that predicted by the UF model, and the discrepancy is more pronounced for a larger aspect ratio of rw/ls with rw being the well radius, a smaller partial penetration ratio of ls/b with b being aquifer thickness, and/or a smaller anisotropy ratio of Kz/Kr. For the high-K condition where oscillatory well water level recovery is oscillatory about its initial position, it is found that amplitude of the oscillatory recovery predicted by the UH model is larger than that by the UF model, and the discrepancy gets larger for a larger aspect ratio, a smaller partial penetration ratio, or a smaller anisotropy ratio. For the fully penetrating condition, both the UH and UF models give the same results, regardless of low- or high-K conditions. For the same set of data, the K value estimated by the UH model will be greater than that by the UF model.

Origins of School Nursing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houlahan, Bridget

2018-01-01

This study investigated the origin and implementation of school nursing in New York City, using traditional historical methods with a social history framework. The intent of this research was to produce a comprehensive historical analysis of school nursing at the turn of the 20th century in order to provide a historical framework to promote the…

Trends in Type of Original Psoriasis Publications by Decade, 1960 to 2010.

PubMed

Sako, Eric; Famenini, Shannon; Wu, Jashin J

2016-01-01

Research investigating psoriasis has spanned decades, and as our understanding of the disease has evolved, the focus of publications has changed. We sought to characterize the trends in original psoriasis-related research from 1960 to 2010 chronologically by decade. A literature review was performed using the keyword psoriasis in the MEDLINE database. All original psoriasis-related articles published at the beginning of each decade were searched and categorized by study type and topic. Number of articles per topic. A total of 869 original psoriasis-related articles were found. The number of publications increased 18 fold over 5 decades. The immunology and pathogenesis of psoriasis was the most frequently researched topic (36%), and retrospective studies were the most common study type (37%). Recent highly published topics included biologic therapy, genetics, and psoriasis-associated cardiovascular disease. Original psoriasis-related publications have grown substantially since 1960. Basic science research into the immunology and pathogenesis has been and continues to be the mainstay of psoriasis research. Recent research trends suggest the focus has expanded to topics such as psoriasis-associated cardiovascular disease, genetics, and biologic therapy.

The Origin and Management of a State/Industry/University Research Center.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loper, Gerald D.; Sudermann, Frederick

1998-01-01

Describes the origins and first two years of a focused collaborative project involving Wichita State University (Kansas), the aviation industry, and state economic-development organizations. The center is industry-driven and reflects the industry's current technological needs. The arrangement can offer significant advantages to each stakeholder,…

The origins of originality: the neural bases of creative thinking and originality.

PubMed

Shamay-Tsoory, S G; Adler, N; Aharon-Peretz, J; Perry, D; Mayseless, N

2011-01-01

Although creativity has been related to prefrontal activity, recent neurological case studies postulate that patients who have left frontal and temporal degeneration involving deterioration of language abilities may actually develop de novo artistic abilities. In this study, we propose a neural and cognitive model according to which a balance between the two hemispheres affects a major aspect of creative cognition, namely, originality. In order to examine the neural basis of originality, that is, the ability to produce statistically infrequent ideas, patients with localized lesions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and posterior parietal and temporal cortex (PC), were assessed by two tasks involving divergent thinking and originality. Results indicate that lesions in the mPFC involved the most profound impairment in originality. Furthermore, precise anatomical mapping of lesions indicated that while the extent of lesion in the right mPFC was associated with impaired originality, lesions in the left PC were associated with somewhat elevated levels of originality. A positive correlation between creativity scores and left PC lesions indicated that the larger the lesion is in this area the greater the originality. On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between originality scores and lesions in the right mPFC. It is concluded that the right mPFC is part of a right fronto-parietal network which is responsible for producing original ideas. It is possible that more linear cognitive processing such as language, mediated by left hemisphere structures interferes with creative cognition. Therefore, lesions in the left hemisphere may be associated with elevated levels of originality. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The many faces of ubiquitinated histone H2A: insights from the DUBs

PubMed Central

Vissers, Joseph HA; Nicassio, Francesco; van Lohuizen, Maarten; Di Fiore, Pier Paolo; Citterio, Elisabetta

2008-01-01

Monoubiquitination of H2A is a major histone modification in mammalian cells. Understanding how monoubiquitinated H2A (uH2A) regulates DNA-based processes in the context of chromatin is a challenging question. Work in the past years linked uH2A to transcriptional repression by the Polycomb group proteins of developmental regulators. Recently, a number of mammalian deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin from H2A have been discovered. These studies provide convincing evidence that H2A deubiquitination is connected with gene activation. In addition, uH2A regulatory enzymes have crucial roles in the cellular response to DNA damage and in cell cycle progression. In this review we will discuss new insights into uH2A biology, with emphasis on the H2A DUBs. PMID:18430235

Psychical research and the origins of American psychology

PubMed Central

Sommer, Andreas

2012-01-01

Largely unacknowledged by historians of the human sciences, late-19th-century psychical researchers were actively involved in the making of fledgling academic psychology. Moreover, with few exceptions historians have failed to discuss the wider implications of the fact that the founder of academic psychology in America, William James, considered himself a psychical researcher and sought to integrate the scientific study of mediumship, telepathy and other controversial topics into the nascent discipline. Analysing the celebrated exposure of the medium Eusapia Palladino by German-born Harvard psychologist Hugo Münsterberg as a representative example, this article discusses strategies employed by psychologists in the United States to expel psychical research from the agenda of scientific psychology. It is argued that the traditional historiography of psychical research, dominated by accounts deeply averse to its very subject matter, has been part of an ongoing form of ‘boundary-work’ to bolster the scientific status of psychology. PMID:23355763

Integration of Diagnostics into Ground Equipment Study. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-07-30

Marine Corps V-22, CH-53E, MH-53E, SH- 60B, MH- 60S /R, AH-1Z and UH -1Y aircraft. In addition, 30 systems are in delivery to the US Army Aviation Applied...simultaneous) can be connected to the VMEP system, which is based on a PC-104 platform and a 233MHz processor. The AH-64 Apache and UH - 60 Blackhawk are outfitted...34A Model-Based Health and Usage Monitoring and Diagnostic System for the UH - 60 Helicopter," Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 57th

Flight Testing and Real-Time System Identification Analysis of a UH-60A Black Hawk Helicopter with an Instrumented External Sling Load

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCoy, Allen H.

1998-01-01

Helicopter external air transportation plays an important role in today's world. For both military and civilian helicopters, external sling load operations offer an efficient and expedient method of handling heavy, oversized cargo. With the ability to reach areas otherwise inaccessible by ground transportation, helicopter external load operations are conducted in industries such as logging, construction, and fire fighting, as well as in support of military tactical transport missions. Historically, helicopter and load combinations have been qualified through flight testing, requiring considerable time and cost. With advancements in simulation and flight test techniques there is potential to substantially reduce costs and increase the safety of helicopter sling load certification. Validated simulation tools make possible accurate prediction of operational flight characteristics before initial flight tests. Real time analysis of test data improves the safety and efficiency of the testing programs. To advance these concepts, the U.S. Army and NASA, in cooperation with the Israeli Air Force and Technion, under a Memorandum of Agreement, seek to develop and validate a numerical model of the UH-60 with sling load and demonstrate a method of near real time flight test analysis. This thesis presents results from flight tests of a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter with various external loads. Tests were conducted as the U.S. first phase of this MOA task. The primary load was a container express box (CONEX) which contained a compact instrumentation package. The flights covered the airspeed range from hover to 70 knots. Primary maneuvers were pitch and roll frequency sweeps, steps, and doublets. Results of the test determined the effect of the suspended load on both the aircraft's handling qualities and its control system's stability margins. Included were calculations of the stability characteristics of the load's pendular motion. Utilizing CIFER(R) software, a method for near

Men of Mexican Origin Who Abuse Women: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Montalvo-Liendo, Nora; Matthews, Debra W; Gilroy, Heidi; Nava, Angeles; Gangialla, Christyn

2018-03-01

Current literature indicates that intimate partner violence is a complex phenomenon that exists worldwide. However, little is known about why some men of Mexican origin abuse women. This descriptive study was conducted to understand the experiences of men of Mexican origin who abuse their intimate partners. A qualitative research design was used to conduct this study in a south Texas border community adjacent to the United States-Mexico border. This study builds on existing research and furthers the knowledge related to the factors contributing to intimate partner violence, including cultural factors. The results also reinforce the negative impacts of intimate partner violence on children and the family structure. Further research is needed to support the development of a culturally appropriate prevention and intervention program for men of Mexican origin who abuse women and their families.

Literary Origins of the Term "School Psychologist" Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fagan, Thomas K.

2005-01-01

Previous research on the literary origins of the term "school psychologist" is revisited, and conclusions are revised in light of new evidence. It appears that the origin of the term in the American literature occurred as early as 1898 in an article by Hugo Munsterberg, predating the usage by Wilhelm Stern in 1911. The early references to the…

Origins of Life; A cosmic perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whittet, Douglas

2017-11-01

'Origins of Life: A Cosmic Perspective' presents an overview of the concepts, methods, and theories of astrobiology and origins of life research while presenting a summary of the latest findings. The book provides insight into the environments and processes that gave birth to life on our planet, which naturally informs our assessment of the probability that has arisen (or will arise) elsewhere. In addition, the book encourages readers to go beyond basic concepts, to explore topics in greater depth, and to engage in lively discussions.

Demonstrating the unit hydrograph and flow routing processes involving active student participation - a university lecture experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schulz, Karsten; Burgholzer, Reinhard; Klotz, Daniel; Wesemann, Johannes; Herrnegger, Mathew

2018-05-01

The unit hydrograph (UH) has been one of the most widely employed hydrological modelling techniques to predict rainfall-runoff behaviour of hydrological catchments, and is still used to this day. Its concept is based on the idea that a unit of effective precipitation per time unit (e.g. mm h-1) will always lead to a specific catchment response in runoff. Given its relevance, the UH is an important topic that is addressed in most (engineering) hydrology courses at all academic levels. While the principles of the UH seem to be simple and easy to understand, teaching experiences in the past suggest strong difficulties in students' perception of the UH theory and application. In order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the theory and application of the UH for students, we developed a simple and cheap lecture theatre experiment which involved active student participation. The seating of the students in the lecture theatre represented the hydrological catchment in its size and form. A set of plastic balls, prepared with a piece of magnetic strip to be tacked to any white/black board, each represented a unit amount of effective precipitation. The balls are evenly distributed over the lecture theatre and routed by some given rules down the catchment to the catchment outlet, where the resulting hydrograph is monitored and illustrated at the black/white board. The experiment allowed an illustration of the underlying principles of the UH, including stationarity, linearity, and superposition of the generated runoff and subsequent routing. In addition, some variations of the experimental setup extended the UH concept to demonstrate the impact of elevation, different runoff regimes, and non-uniform precipitation events on the resulting hydrograph. In summary, our own experience in the classroom, a first set of student exams, as well as student feedback and formal evaluation suggest that the integration of such an experiment deepened the learning experience by

Impact origin of the Sudbury structure: Evolution of a theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowman, Paul D., Jr.

1992-01-01

This paper reviews the origin, development, and present status of the widely accepted theory, proposed by Robert S. Dietz in 1962, that the Sudbury structure was formed by meteoritic or asteroidal impact. The impact theory for the origin of the Sudbury structure seems supported by a nearly conclusive body of evidence. However, even assuming an impact origin to be correct, at least three major questions require further study: (1) the original size and shape of the crater, before tectonic deformation and erosion; (2) the source of the melt now forming the Sudbury Igneous Complex; and (3) the degree, if any, to which the Ni-Cu-platinum group elements are meteoritic. The history of the impact theory illustrates several under-appreciated aspects of scientific research: (1) the importance of cross-fertilization between space research and terrestrial geology; (2) the role of the outsider in stimulating thinking by insiders; (3) the value of small science, at least in the initial stages of an investigation, Dietz's first field work having been at his own expense; and (4) the value of analogies (here, between the Sudbury Igneous Complex and the maria), which although incorrect in major aspects, may trigger research on totally new lines. Finally, the Sudbury story illustrates the totally unpredictable and, by implication, unplannable nature of basic research, in that insight to the origin of the world's then-greatest Ni deposit came from the study of tektites and the Moon.

Challenges in collecting clinical samples for research from pregnant women of South Asian origin: evidence from a UK study.

PubMed

Neelotpol, Sharmind; Hay, Alastair W M; Jolly, A Jim; Woolridge, Mike W

2016-08-31

To recruit South Asian pregnant women, living in the UK, into a clinicoepidemiological study for the collection of lifestyle survey data and antenatal blood and to retain the women for the later collection of cord blood and meconium samples from their babies for biochemical analysis. A longitudinal study recruiting pregnant women of South Asian and Caucasian origin living in the UK. Recruitment of the participants, collection of clinical samples and survey data took place at the 2 sites within a single UK Northern Hospital Trust. Pregnant women of South Asian origin (study group, n=98) and of Caucasian origin (comparison group, n=38) living in Leeds, UK. Among the participants approached, 81% agreed to take part in the study while a 'direct approach' method was followed. The retention rate of the participants was a remarkable 93.4%. The main challenges in recruiting the ethnic minority participants were their cultural and religious conservativeness, language barrier, lack of interest and feeling of extra 'stress' in taking part in research. The chief investigator developed an innovative participant retention method, associated with the women's cultural and religious practices. The method proved useful in retaining the participants for about 5 months and in enabling successful collection of clinical samples from the same mother-baby pairs. The collection of clinical samples and lifestyle data exceeded the calculated sample size required to give the study sufficient power. The numbers of samples obtained were: maternal blood (n=171), cord blood (n=38), meconium (n=176), lifestyle questionnaire data (n=136) and postnatal records (n=136). Recruitment and retention of participants, according to the calculated sample size, ensured sufficient power and success for a clinicoepidemiological study. Results suggest that development of trust and confidence between the participant and the researcher is the key to the success of a clinical and epidemiological study involving

An Online Student Research Institute Designed to Engage Students in Original Scientific Research Using State of the Art Technologies to Increase Participation in STEM Fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freed, R.

2015-12-01

Affordable and accessible technology has advanced tremendously in the last decade allowing educational paradigms to change dramatically to more student-centered, experiential and project-based models. Additionally, as the need to increase the number of students entering STEM fields in the United States becomes more critical it is imperative to understand the factors that determine student career pathways and to provide opportunities for students to experience, understand and pursue scientific endeavors. The Institute for Student Astronomical Research was founded in order to provide a means for high school and early undergraduate students to engage in meaningful and relevant scientific research. A major goal is to give students the experience of true-to-life scientific investigation from the planning and proposal stages to the data collection and analysis, writing up and presenting of scientific findings and finally to the publication of results. Furthermore, the Institute is designed to collect data on how involvement in the Science Research Seminars influences educational and career choices for students in longitudinal studies following participants for several years. In the first year of the online course of the Institute 10 student teams conducted original research and published their findings in peer-reviewed journals. Lessons learned from the pilot year are being applied to the Institute as efforts to scale up the program are underway.

Digital radiography reject analysis: data collection methodology, results, and recommendations from an in-depth investigation at two hospitals.

PubMed

Foos, David H; Sehnert, W James; Reiner, Bruce; Siegel, Eliot L; Segal, Arthur; Waldman, David L

2009-03-01

Reject analysis was performed on 288,000 computed radiography (CR) image records collected from a university hospital (UH) and a large community hospital (CH). Each record contains image information, such as body part and view position, exposure level, technologist identifier, and--if the image was rejected--the reason for rejection. Extensive database filtering was required to ensure the integrity of the reject-rate calculations. The reject rate for CR across all departments and across all exam types was 4.4% at UH and 4.9% at CH. The most frequently occurring exam types with reject rates of 8% or greater were found to be common to both institutions (skull/facial bones, shoulder, hip, spines, in-department chest, pelvis). Positioning errors and anatomy cutoff were the most frequently occurring reasons for rejection, accounting for 45% of rejects at CH and 56% at UH. Improper exposure was the next most frequently occurring reject reason (14% of rejects at CH and 13% at UH), followed by patient motion (11% of rejects at CH and 7% at UH). Chest exams were the most frequently performed exam at both institutions (26% at UH and 45% at CH) with half captured in-department and half captured using portable x-ray equipment. A ninefold greater reject rate was found for in-department (9%) versus portable chest exams (1%). Problems identified with the integrity of the data used for reject analysis can be mitigated in the future by objectifying quality assurance (QA) procedures and by standardizing the nomenclature and definitions for QA deficiencies.

Effect of field view size and lighting on unique-hue selection using Natural Color System object colors.

PubMed

Shamey, Renzo; Zubair, Muhammad; Cheema, Hammad

2015-08-01

The aim of this study was twofold, first to determine the effect of field view size and second of illumination conditions on the selection of unique hue samples (UHs: R, Y, G and B) from two rotatable trays, each containing forty highly chromatic Natural Color System (NCS) samples, on one tray corresponding to 1.4° and on the other to 5.7° field of view size. UH selections were made by 25 color-normal observers who repeated assessments three times with a gap of at least 24h between trials. Observers separately assessed UHs under four illumination conditions simulating illuminants D65, A, F2 and F11. An apparent hue shift (statistically significant for UR) was noted for UH selections at 5.7° field of view compared to those at 1.4°. Observers' overall variability was found to be higher for UH stimuli selections at the larger field of view. Intra-observer variability was found to be approximately 18.7% of inter-observer variability in selection of samples for both sample sizes. The highest intra-observer variability was under simulated illuminant D65, followed by A, F11, and F2. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Learning from Success: How Original Research on Academic Resilience Informs What College Faculty Can Do to Increase the Retention of Low Socioeconomic Status Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morales, Erik E.

2014-01-01

Utilizing resilience theory and original research conducted on fifty academically resilient low socioeconomic status students of color, this article presents specific objectives and values institutions of higher learning can adopt and emphasize to increase the retention and graduation of their most statistically at-risk students. Major findings…

Origin, persistence, and resolution of the rotational grazing debate: Integrating human dimensions into rangeland research

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This synthesis examines the origins of the rotational grazing debate, identifies the major reasons for its persistence, and concludes with an approach for resolution. The debate originated from scientific and institutional responses to rangeland degradation in the US during the late 1800s. Rotationa...

Citability of Original Research and Reviews in Journals and Their Sponsored Supplements

PubMed Central

Citrome, Leslie

2010-01-01

Background The contents of pharmaceutical industry sponsored supplements to medical journals are perceived to be less credible than the contents of their parent journals. It is unknown if their contents are cited as often. The objective of this study was to quantify the citability of original research and reviews contained in supplements and compare it with that for the parent journal. Methodology/Principal Findings This was a cohort study of 446 articles published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (JCP) and its supplements for calendar years 2000 and 2005. The total citation counts for each article up to October 5, 2009 were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science database. The main outcome measure was the number of citations received by an article since publication. Regular journal articles included 114 from calendar year 2000 and 190 from 2005. Articles from supplements included 90 from 2000 and 52 from 2005. The median citation counts for the 3 years post-publication were 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 4–20), 14 (IQR, 8–20), 13.5 (IQR, 8–23), and 13.5 (IQR, 8–20), for the 2000 parent journal, 2000 supplements, 2005 parent journal, and 2005 supplements, respectively. Citation counts were higher for the articles in the supplements than the parent journal for the cohorts from 2000 (p = .02), and no different for the year 2005 cohorts (p = .88). The 2005 parent journal cohort had higher citation counts than the 2000 cohort (p = .007), in contrast to the supplements where citation counts remained the same (p = .94). Conclusions/Significance Articles published in JCP supplements are robustly cited and thus can be influential in guiding clinical and research practice, as well as shaping critical thinking. Because they are printed under the sponsorship of commercial interests, they may be perceived as less than objective. A reasonable step to help improve this perception would be to ensure that supplements are peer-reviewed in the same way as

Mobility Research for Future Vehicles: A Methodology to Create a Unified Trade-Off Environment for Advanced Aerospace Vehicle

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-30

accurately follow the development of the Black Hawk helicopters , a single main rotor model in NDARC that accurately represented the UH-60A is required. NDARC...Weight changes were based on results from Nixon’s paper, which focused on modeling the structure of a composite rotor blade and using optimization to...conclude that improved composite design to further reduce weight needs to be achieved. An additionally interesting effect is how the rotor technology

Exercise-induced pulse wave velocity changes in untreated patients with essential hypertension: the effect of an angiotensin receptor antagonist.

PubMed

Gkaliagkousi, Eugenia; Gavriilaki, Eleni; Nikolaidou, Barbara; Triantafyllou, George; Douma, Stella

2014-07-01

This study investigates arterial stiffness changes after acute exercise in young patients with untreated, recently diagnosed grade I essential hypertension (UH) compared with normotensive (NT) individuals and the effect of antihypertensive treatment on this phenomenon. Study 1 consisted of 25 UH and 15 NT patients. UH patients who received treatment were included in study 2 and were followed-up after a 3-month treatment period with an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed at baseline, at maximal exercise, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes later. In UH patients, PWV increased significantly at maximal exercise and 10 and 30 minutes of recovery, despite blood pressure fall to baseline levels. No significant PWV changes were observed in NT patients. Post-treatment PWV levels were significantly decreased and similar to those of NT patients. Arterial stiffness is impaired following high-intensity acute exercise even in the early stages of hypertension. Antihypertensive treatment ameliorates these effects. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

European trends in the frequency of original research in acne vulgaris, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, and skin infections, 1970-2010.

PubMed

Choi, Young M; Garcha, Jaspreet K; Wu, Jashin J

2015-04-16

We analyzed trends in the frequency of original publications into common dermatologic topics in two premier European journals, the British Journal of Dermatology and the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Most notably, we found that psoriasis publications peaked around the mid-to-late 1980's as well as demonstrated an upward trend since the 21st century. Skin cancer research witnessed a gradual increase in the frequency of publications since 1970. These findings were consistent with a prior study analyzing trends in two American dermatology journals. We attempted to analyze these results from a historical perspective as well as provide an outlook on the future of research into these common dermatologic topics.

A new technique for pumping hydrogen gas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Friedman, I.; Hardcastle, K.

1970-01-01

A system for pumping hydrogen gas without isotopic fractionation has been developed. The pump contains uranium metal, which when heated to about 80??C reacts with hydrogen to form UH3. The UH3 is heated to above 500??C to decompose the hydride and regenerate the hydrogen. ?? 1970.

Developing an Information Literacy Assessment Rubric: A Case Study of Collaboration, Process, and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gola, Christina H.; Ke, Irene; Creelman, Kerry M.; Vaillancourt, Shawn P.

2014-01-01

A team of four librarians at the University of Houston (UH) Libraries partnered with the UH Office of Institutional Effectiveness and its Director of Assessment and Accreditation Services for General Education to conduct a campus-wide, exploratory assessment of undergraduate information literacy skills. The project evaluated a selection of…

Electrophysiological signal analysis and visualization using Cloudwave for epilepsy clinical research.

PubMed

Jayapandian, Catherine P; Chen, Chien-Hung; Bozorgi, Alireza; Lhatoo, Samden D; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Sahoo, Satya S

2013-01-01

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder affecting 50-60 million persons worldwide. Electrophysiological data recordings, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), are the gold standard for diagnosis and pre-surgical evaluation in epilepsy patients. The increasing trend towards multi-center clinical studies require signal visualization and analysis tools to support real time interaction with signal data in a collaborative environment, which cannot be supported by traditional desktop-based standalone applications. As part of the Prevention and Risk Identification of SUDEP Mortality (PRISM) project, we have developed a Web-based electrophysiology data visualization and analysis platform called Cloudwave using highly scalable open source cloud computing infrastructure. Cloudwave is integrated with the PRISM patient cohort identification tool called MEDCIS (Multi-modality Epilepsy Data Capture and Integration System). The Epilepsy and Seizure Ontology (EpSO) underpins both Cloudwave and MEDCIS to support query composition and result retrieval. Cloudwave is being used by clinicians and research staff at the University Hospital - Case Medical Center (UH-CMC) Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) and will be progressively deployed at four EMUs in the United States and the United Kingdomas part of the PRISM project.

How can the University of Hawai'i meet needs for public health education? Results of a students' needs assessment.

PubMed

Lindsey, Jana; Braun, Kathryn L; Aung, Nandar; Campos, Jaime A; Choy, Lehua; Chung, Jane; Dellinger, Sharon F; Gentry, Lauren; Li, Jinlan; Mayet, Sara; Mitchell-Box, Kristen; Pan, Joan

2007-03-01

A strong public health workforce is necessary to maintain the health and well-being of any community. Currently, the ability of the public health workforce to meet demand is being challenged in Hawai'i and the Pacific. This is due, in part, to the downsizing of the public health program at the University of Hawai'i (UH) in the year 2000. Knowing the current perceptions of the community in regards to public health and identifying ways to attract more students to public health are essential in reversing this trend. Students from a class on needs assessment and program planning at the UH Department of Public Health Sciences assessed public health education needs. The class first conducted a literature review, focus groups, and interviews to inform the development of an on-line survey. The survey was sent to 200 individuals, including current public health students, faculty, workers, employers, and alumni. Of the 200 individuals invited to participate in the on-line survey, 128 (64%) responded. Almost half of the respondents were >50 years of age, and another 19% were between ages 41 and 50. Of the 118 who responded to this question, 85 had degrees in public health (80%from UH), and 62% had worked in public health for at least 10 years. However, only 50% of the total respondents knew that UH Masters of Public Health (MPH) and the Masters of Science (MS) programs were accredited. Forty percent or more of public health workers noted continuing education needs in 1) policy development and program planning skills, 2) analytical skills, 3) leadership and systems thinking skills, and 4) financial planning and management skills. Fully 43 of the respondents would consider applying to a DrPH program at UH, and 27 public health workers without an MPH would consider pursuing one. However potential students noted lack of time and timing of classes as barriers to attending school. Specific ideas for attracting students to public health were provided. Respondents also called for a

Endophyte-enhanced phytoremediation of DDE-contaminated using Cucurbita pepo: A field trial.

PubMed

Eevers, N; Hawthorne, J R; White, J C; Vangronsveld, J; Weyens, N

2018-03-21

Although the use of the pesticide 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) was banned from the mid-1970s, its most abundant and recalcitrant degradation product, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro-ethylene (DDE), is still present in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo) has been shown to accumulate high concentrations of DDE and was proposed for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. We performed a field trial covering a full plant life cycle. C. pepo plants inoculated with the plant growth-promoting endophytic strains Sphingomonas taxi UH1, Methylobacterium radiotolerans UH1, Enterobacter aerogenes UH1, or a consortium combining these 3 strains were grown on a DDE-contaminated field for 100 days. The effects of these inoculations were examined at both the plant level, by evaluating plant weight and plant DDE-content, and at the level of the cultivable and total endophytic communities. Inoculating plants with S. taxi UH1, M. radiotolerans UH1, and the consortium increased plant weight. No significant effects of the inoculations were observed on DDE-concentrations in plant tissues. However, the amount of DDE accumulated by C. pepo plants per growing season was significantly higher for plants that were inoculated with the consortium of the 3 strains. Therefore, inoculation of C. pepo with DDE-degrading endophytes might be promising for phytoremediation applications.

Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a novel linear α-(1→6)-D-glucan isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer.

PubMed

Sun, Lin; Peng, Xiaoxia; Sun, Pan; Shi, Jiahong; Yuan, Xiaowen; Zhu, Jingjing; Tai, Guihua; Zhou, Yifa

2012-08-01

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a well-known plant medicine in the world. Ginseng polysaccharides mainly contain starch-like glucan and pectin. In this paper, a novel glucan WGPA-UH-N1 was purified from ginseng pectin by the treatment of de-esterification and endo-polygalacturonase, followed by the chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-50 column. WGPA-UH-N1 has molecular weight about 17 kDa. WGPA-UH-N1 was determined to be a linear α-(1→6)-D-glucan without side chains by FT-IR, (13)C-NMR, (1)H-NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra. It is the first time to isolate a linear α-(1→6)-D-glucan from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Immunological activity assays showed that WGPA-UH-N1, although not effective on the phagocytosis of macrophage, could significantly induce lymphocyte proliferation without mitogenic stimuli at 1.0 mg/mL or with LPS at 0.5 mg/mL, also significantly increase NO production at the range of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. The immunological activities of WGPA-UH-N1 are different from those of the β-(1→6)-D-glucan (BIWP2) isolated from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria Inquinans (Fries).

How to write an original article.

PubMed

Mateu Arrom, L; Huguet, J; Errando, C; Breda, A; Palou, J

2018-05-17

A correctly drafted original article gives information on what was done, why it was done, how it was done, the result of what was done, and the significance of what was done. Many articles fail to report their results effectively. To describe the characteristics of an original article and to give practical recommendations to prevent the most common errors in our environment. We performed a systematic search of the terms "how to write a scientific article", "structure of the original article" and "publishing an article" in the databases PubMed and SCOPUS. We analysed the structure of an original article and the characteristics of its parts and prepared advice on the publication of an article. The journal's guidelines for authors should be read. It is usual for the original article to follow the IMRAD structure: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The introduction states briefly why the study was performed. The methods' section should give a detailed explanation of how the study was performed. The results should be clearly presented, with the help of tables, without repeating information. The discussion explains the relevance of the results and contrasts them with those of other authors. Any limitations and a conclusion supported by the results must be included. Writing an original article correctly requires practice and it must be supported by a good research work in order to be published. Copyright © 2018 AEU. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Mission Suitability Testing of an Aircraft Simulator. Technical Report No. 75-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caro, Paul W.; And Others

The report describes a study conducted to evaluate Device 2B24, which simulates the UH-1 helicopter and an instrument flight environment, and to determine its suitability for cost-effectively accomplishing the instrument phase of Army rotary wing flight training and facilitating UH-1 helicopter transition training, aviator proficiency evaluation,…

Probing the evolutionary origins of music perception.

PubMed

McDermott, Josh; Hauser, Marc D

2005-12-01

Empirical data have recently begun to inform debates on the evolutionary origins of music. In this paper we discuss some of our recent findings and related theoretical issues. We claim that theories of the origins of music will be usefully constrained if we can determine which aspects of music perception are innate, and, of those, which are uniquely human and specific to music. Comparative research in nonhuman animals, particularly nonhuman primates, is thus critical to the debate. In this paper we focus on the preferences that characterize most humans' experience of music, testing whether similar preferences exist in nonhuman primates. Our research suggests that many rudimentary acoustic preferences, such as those for consonant over dissonant intervals, may be unique to humans. If these preferences prove to be innate in humans, they may be candidates for music-specific adaptations. To establish whether such preferences are innate in humans, one important avenue for future research will be the collection of data from different cultures. This may be facilitated by studies conducted over the internet.

Toddlers Use Speech Disfluencies to Predict Speakers' Referential Intentions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kidd, Celeste; White, Katherine S.; Aslin, Richard N.

2011-01-01

The ability to infer the referential intentions of speakers is a crucial part of learning a language. Previous research has uncovered various contextual and social cues that children may use to do this. Here we provide the first evidence that children also use speech disfluencies to infer speaker intention. Disfluencies (e.g. filled pauses "uh"…

Unilateral jumps in different directions: a novel assessment of soccer-associated power?

PubMed

Murtagh, Conall F; Vanrenterghem, Jos; O'Boyle, Andrew; Morgans, Ryland; Drust, Barry; Erskine, Robert M

2017-11-01

We aimed to determine whether countermovement jumps (CMJs; unilateral and bilateral) performed in different directions assessed independent lower-limb power qualities, and if unilateral CMJs would better differentiate between elite and non-elite soccer players than the bilateral vertical (BV) CMJ. Elite (n=23; age, 18.1±1.0years) and non-elite (n=20; age, 22.3±2.7years) soccer players performed three BV, unilateral vertical (UV), unilateral horizontal-forward (UH) and unilateral medial (UM) CMJs. Jump performance (height and projectile range), kinetic and kinematic variables from ground reaction forces, and peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris (BF) muscles from surface electromyography, were compared between jumps and groups of players. Peak vertical power (V-power) was greater in BV (220.2±30.1W/kg) compared to UV (144.1±16.2W/kg), which was greater than UH (86.7±18.3W/kg) and UM (85.5±13.5W/kg) (all, p<0.05) but there was no difference between UH and UM (p=1.000). Peak BF EMG was greater in UH compared to all other CMJs (p≤0.001). V-power was greater in elite than non-elite for all CMJs (p≤0.032) except for BV (p=0.197). Elite achieved greater UH projectile range than non-elite (51.6±15.4 vs. 40.4±10.4cm, p=0.009). We have shown that UH, UV and UM CMJs assess distinct lower-limb muscular power capabilities in soccer players. Furthermore, as elite players outperformed non-elite players during unilateral but not BV CMJs, unilateral CMJs in different directions should be included in soccer-specific muscular power assessment and talent identification protocols, rather than the BV CMJ. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advanced Gear Alloys for Ultra High Strength Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shen, Tony; Krantz, Timothy; Sebastian, Jason

2011-01-01

Single tooth bending fatigue (STBF) test data of UHS Ferrium C61 and C64 alloys are presented in comparison with historical test data of conventional gear steels (9310 and Pyrowear 53) with comparable statistical analysis methods. Pitting and scoring tests of C61 and C64 are works in progress. Boeing statistical analysis of STBF test data for the four gear steels (C61, C64, 9310 and Pyrowear 53) indicates that the UHS grades exhibit increases in fatigue strength in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) regime. In the high cycle fatigue (HCF) regime, the UHS steels exhibit better mean fatigue strength endurance limit behavior (particularly as compared to Pyrowear 53). However, due to considerable scatter in the UHS test data, the anticipated overall benefits of the UHS grades in bending fatigue have not been fully demonstrated. Based on all the test data and on Boeing s analysis, C61 has been selected by Boeing as the gear steel for the final ERDS demonstrator test gearboxes. In terms of potential follow-up work, detailed physics-based, micromechanical analysis and modeling of the fatigue data would allow for a better understanding of the causes of the experimental scatter, and of the transition from high-stress LCF (surface-dominated) to low-stress HCF (subsurface-dominated) fatigue failure. Additional STBF test data and failure analysis work, particularly in the HCF regime and around the endurance limit stress, could allow for better statistical confidence and could reduce the observed effects of experimental test scatter. Finally, the need for further optimization of the residual compressive stress profiles of the UHS steels (resulting from carburization and peening) is noted, particularly for the case of the higher hardness C64 material.

Protecting the rights of producers original medicines.

PubMed

Pashkov, Vitalii; Kotvitska, Alla; Noha, Petro

the article analyzes the state of protection of intellectual property rights of original medicine producers, its accordance with international standards. Attention is focused on the importance of exclusivity of medicine market. the analysis of protection of intellectual property rights of medicine producers in Ukraine and determination of its conformity or non-conformity to the international standards. the experience of certain countries is analyzed in the research. Additionally, we used statistical data of international organizations, conclusions of experts. there are numerous cases of state registration of generic medicinal products using the registration information of original medicinal products and delict of the rights of patent holders. an effective mechanism of judicial protection of the original medicine producers` intellectual property rights from disorders that affect the profit was elaborated in Ukraine.

A high sensitivity 20Mfps CMOS image sensor with readout speed of 1Tpixel/sec for visualization of ultra-high speed phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuroda, R.; Sugawa, S.

2017-02-01

Ultra-high speed (UHS) CMOS image sensors with on-chop analog memories placed on the periphery of pixel array for the visualization of UHS phenomena are overviewed in this paper. The developed UHS CMOS image sensors consist of 400H×256V pixels and 128 memories/pixel, and the readout speed of 1Tpixel/sec is obtained, leading to 10 Mfps full resolution video capturing with consecutive 128 frames, and 20 Mfps half resolution video capturing with consecutive 256 frames. The first development model has been employed in the high speed video camera and put in practical use in 2012. By the development of dedicated process technologies, photosensitivity improvement and power consumption reduction were simultaneously achieved, and the performance improved version has been utilized in the commercialized high-speed video camera since 2015 that offers 10 Mfps with ISO16,000 photosensitivity. Due to the improved photosensitivity, clear images can be captured and analyzed even under low light condition, such as under a microscope as well as capturing of UHS light emission phenomena.

Beard infantile hemangioma and subglottic involvement: are median pattern and telangiectatic aspect the clue?

PubMed

Piram, M; Hadj-Rabia, S; Boccara, O; Couloigner, V; Hamel-Teillac, D; Bodemer, C

2016-12-01

Identification of patient at risk of subglottic infantile hemangioma (IH) is challenging because subglottic IH can grow fast and cause airway obstruction with a fatal course. To refine the cutaneous IH pattern at risk of subglottic IH. Prospective and retrospective review of patients with cutaneous IH involving the beard area. IHs were classified in the bilateral pattern group (BH) or in the unilateral pattern group (UH). Infantile hemangioma topography, subtype (telangiectatic or tuberous), ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations and subglottic involvement were recorded. Thirty-one patients (21 BH and 10 UH) were included during a 20-year span. Nineteen patients (16 BH and 3 UH) had subglottic hemangioma. BH and UH group overlap on the median pattern (tongue, gum, lips, chin and neck). Median pattern, particularly the neck area and telangiectatic subtype of IH were significantly associated with subglottic involvement. Patients presenting with telangiectatic beard IH localized on the median area need early ENT exploration. They should be treated before respiratory symptoms occur. © 2016 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

The Agricultural Origins of Time Preference*

PubMed Central

Galor, Oded; Özak, Ömer

2017-01-01

This research explores the origins of observed differences in time preference across countries and regions. Exploiting a natural experiment associated with the expansion of suitable crops for cultivation in the course of the Columbian Exchange, the research establishes that pre-industrial agro-climatic characteristics that were conducive to higher return to agricultural investment, triggered selection, adaptation and learning processes that generated a persistent positive effect on the prevalence of long-term orientation in the contemporary era. Furthermore, the research establishes that these agro-climatic characteristics have had a culturally embodied impact on economic behavior such as technological adoption, education, saving, and smoking. PMID:28781375

University of Hawai'i Community Colleges: E-Learn

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Marilyn

2002-01-01

The E-Learn program is a collaboration of all seven University of Hawai'i (UH) community colleges to offer a distance-delivered Associate in Arts degree. The core mission of the UH Community Colleges is to put postsecondary education within the reach of every resident of the state. To provide that access, community colleges must be affordable,…

University of Houston: Engagement, Workforce, and Economic Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schott, Marshall E.

2012-01-01

At the University of Houston (UH), the arrival of a new chancellor/president in 2007 resulted in a strategic environmental scan to determine areas where the university's efforts should be focused over the next ten years. Several major initiatives were launched, including one that sought to make UH a major energy university. The decision to embrace…

Transfer Patterns of Students, University of Hawaii System, Fall 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Management Systems Office.

In fall 1975, 4,702 students transferred into the University of Hawaii (UH) System, representing a 15.5 percent increase over the number of transfers in 1974. Of the total, 56 percent transferred from within the UH System, 6 percent transferred from other Hawaii institutions, and 36 percent transferred from out-of-state institutions. The total…

Conceptualizing the origin of life in terms of evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeuchi, N.; Hogeweg, P.; Kaneko, K.

2017-11-01

In this opinion piece, we discuss how to place evolution in the context of origin-of-life research. Our discussion starts with a popular definition: `life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution'. According to this definition, the origin of life is the same as the origin of evolution: evolution is the `end' of the origin of life. This perspective, however, has a limitation, in that the ability of evolution in and of itself is insufficient to explain the origin of life as we know it, as indicated by Spiegelman's and Lincoln and Joyce's experiments. This limitation provokes a crucial question: What conditions are required for replicating systems to evolve into life? From this perspective, the origin of life includes the emergence of life through evolution: evolution is a `means' of the origin of life. After reviewing Eigen's pioneering work on this question, we mention our ongoing work suggesting that a key condition might be conflicting multi-level evolution. Taken together, there are thus two questions regarding the origin of life: how evolution gets started, and how evolution produces life. Evolution is, therefore, at the centre of the origin of life, where the two lines of enquiry must meet. This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.

Reflection: Research by Design: Design-Based Research and the Higher Degree Research Student

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy-Clark, Shannon

2015-01-01

The article "Research by design: Design-based research and the higher degree research student" (Kennedy-Clark, 2013) appeared in the "Journal of Learning Design" Volume 6, Issue 2 in 2013. Two years on, Shannon Kennedy-Clark reflects upon her original article. Upon being asked to revisit this article the author reflected upon…

The Origin(s) of Whales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uhen, Mark D.

2010-05-01

Whales are first found in the fossil record approximately 52.5 million years ago (Mya) during the early Eocene in Indo-Pakistan. Our knowledge of early and middle Eocene whales has increased dramatically during the past three decades to the point where hypotheses of whale origins can be supported with a great deal of evidence from paleontology, anatomy, stratigraphy, and molecular biology. Fossils also provide preserved evidence of behavior and habitats, allowing the reconstruction of the modes of life of these semiaquatic animals during their transition from land to sea. Modern whales originated from ancient whales at or near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, approximately 33.7 Mya. During the Oligocene, ancient whales coexisted with early baleen whales and early toothed whales. By the end of the Miocene, most modern families had originated, and most archaic forms had gone extinct. Whale diversity peaked in the late middle Miocene and fell thereafter toward the Recent, yielding our depauperate modern whale fauna.

"Origin," "creation," and "origin of life" some conceptual considerations.

PubMed

Charpa, Ulrich

2012-01-01

This paper opens by drawing attention to the fact that there is some conceptual confusion with regard to "origin" and "creation." This has its historical roots in the beginnings of modern science and undoubtedly affects our positioning towards the evolutionism/creationism-debate. This article argues that there are relevant ontological, epistemological, thematic, methodological, and logical differences between "origin" and "creation." As a result, the analysis suggests keeping the usage of both concepts strictly quite separate. Creation is not simply another word for origin nor does it stand for an (from a rigid scientific point of view) awkward example of an origin. Irrespective of the apparent similarities as explanatory factors, origin and creation belong to fundamentally different types of concepts. Consequently, "origin of life" and those scientific projects connected to it present themselves as something distinct that neither competes nor meshes with thinking about creation.

Dissemination of research into clinical nursing literature.

PubMed

Oermann, Marilyn H; Shaw-Kokot, Julia; Knafl, George J; Dowell, Jo

2010-12-01

The purpose of our study was to describe the dissemination of research into the clinical nursing literature. The literature provides a means of transferring knowledge from a research study through citations of the work by other authors. This was a citation analysis study to explore the dissemination of research into the clinical nursing literature, beginning with the publication of an original research study and including all of the citations to that article through 2009. The authors searched five academic nursing research journal titles, using CINAHL, for original research reports that had clinical relevance and were published between 1990-1999. The search process yielded a final data set of 28 research articles. For each of the articles, the authors searched three databases, CINAHL, Web of Science(®) and Google Scholar, to determine the citation patterns from the date of publication to August 2009. All of the research studies were cited in articles published in clinical journals although there was a wide range in the number of citations, from 3-80. The 28 research articles had a total of 759 citations; 717 (94.5%) of those citations were in articles published in clinical nursing journals. The median length of time between publication of the original study and the first citation was 1.5 years. Some of the studies were still being cited for 18 years after publication of the original work. All of the original research reports examined in this study were cited in articles in clinical journals, disseminating the research beyond the original work to reach clinicians. Clinical nursing journals keep readers up-to-date and informed about new practices in nursing and serve another important role: they disseminate research that is clinically relevant by publishing original studies and papers that cite research reports. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Creating and maintaining a successful geoscience pathway from 2YC to 4YC for Native Hawaiian Students: First Steps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guidry, M.; Eschenberg, A.; McCoy, F. W.; McManus, M. A.; Lee, K.; DeLay, J. K.; Taylor, S. V.; Dire, J.; Krupp, D.

2017-12-01

In the Fall of 2015, the two four year (4YC) institutions within the University of Hawaii (UH) system offering baccalaureate degrees in geosciences enrolled only six Native Hawaiian (NH) students out of a total of 194 students in geoscience degree programs. This percentage (3%) of NH students enrolled in geosciences is far lower than the percentage of NH students enrolled at any single institution in the UH system, which ranges from 14 to 42%. At the same time, only six (3%) of the 194 students enrolled in geoscience baccalaureate programs were transfer students from the UH community colleges. Of these six transfer students, three were NH. This reflects the need for increased transfer of NH in the geosciences from two year (2YC) to 4YC. In the Fall of 2015, UH Manoa's (UHM) School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) accounted for only 0.14% of transfer students from UH community colleges. This compares to 5% in the UHM School of Engineering and 27% in the UHM College of Arts and Sciences. As part of the first year of a multi-institutional five-year NSF TCUP-PAGE (Tribal Colleges and Universities Program - PArtnerships for Geoscience Education) award, we review our first steps and strategies for building a successful and sustainable geoscience transfer pathway for Native Hawaiian and community college students into the three undergraduate geoscience programs (Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, and Geology & Geophysics) within SOEST.

The Origins of Human Interaction. The Van Zelst Lecture in Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cappella, Joseph N.

In the field of communication studies the preeminent forms of explanation of human behavior have been the social and psychological, but biological origins may be as important to understanding human communication as are social origins. Communication research suggests a biological basis for certain patterns of adult interaction. Although these…

[Ethnic origin and alveolar bone loss in Israeli adults].

PubMed

Zadik, Y; Bechor, R; Shochat, Z; Galor, S

2008-04-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of alveolar bone loss and ethnic origin among Israeli adults. The study population consisted of 815 male military personnel, aged 25 to 60 years (average 38.1 +/- 7.0 yr), who arrived at a military dental clinic for routine dental examination during 2004-5. The distance between CEJ and alveolar bone crest was measure on pair of standardized posterior bitewing radiographs. Associations between the periodontal score and place of birth, the father ethnic origin and the mother ethnic origin were evaluated using the chi2-test. The individual's place of birth had no influence on the radiographic alveolar bone loss. Father of Yemenite-, North-African- or Mediterranean-origin, and mother of Yemenite-, North-African- or Asian-origin have associated to the occurrence and severity of alveolar bone loss, whereas sons to father or mother from Israeli or European descent were found to have less bone loss (p < 0.001). Ethnic origin has an influence on the alveolar bone loss in Israeli adults. However, more research is needed on the role of the potentially confounders in the association between origin and periodontal health.

Origins and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust Particles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dermott, Stanley F.

2005-01-01

This is a final report for research supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration issued through the Office of Space Science Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, covering all relevant activities during its 3-year period of funding from 02/01/2002 through to 01/31/2005. The ongoing aim of the research supported through this grant, and now through a successor award, is to investigate the origin of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and their dynamical and collisional evolution, in order to: (1) understand the provenance of zodiacal cloud particles and their transport from their source regions to the inner solar system; (2) produce detailed models of the zodiacal cloud and its constituent components; (3) determine the origin of the dust particles accreted by the Earth; (4) ascertain the level of temporal variations in the dust environment of the inner solar system and the accretion rate of IDPs by the Earth, and evaluate potential effects on global climate; and to (5) exploit this research as a basis for interpreting the structure observed in exozodiacal clouds that may result from the collisional evolution of planetesimals and the presence of unseen planets.

Factors influencing successful peer-reviewed publication of original research presentations from the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO).

PubMed

MacKinney, Erin C; Chun, Robert H; Cassidy, Laura D; Link, T Roxanne; Sulman, Cecille G; Kerschner, Joseph E

2015-03-01

To analyze factors associated with progression of an original scientific presentation at the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) Annual Meeting to publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A dataset of presenters was created to enable prospective follow-up to assess early impressions regarding publication success with longer-term publication outcomes. Prior to the Annual ASPO meeting in 2013, a survey consisting of 10 questions was e-mailed to all 59 presenters. Questions were designed to assess presenter expectations on publication, barriers to publishing, and experience in presenting, publishing and clinical practice. A second survey was sent 12 months later to those respondents of the first survey who were amenable to follow-up. Overall, 46 of 59 (78%) presenters responded to the initial survey prior to their ASPO 2013 presentation. Of these, 34 agreed to participate in a longer-term follow-up of their presentation to publication experience. Of these 34, there were 17 who participated in the follow-up survey 1 year later. Just under half of the original respondents were residents (46%). All presenters (100%) planned to re-submit a revised manuscript if initially rejected. However, 35% of follow-up respondents did not make initial submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Results of a descriptive analysis suggest that more experienced researchers expect their submitted manuscript to be accepted for publication within a shorter time frame than those that have published fewer papers. Time was ranked as the greatest barrier to publication (60%) of those surveyed both in the initial prospective survey and for those who did not publish a paper in the follow-up survey (83%). This study suggests a strong desire and expectation of publishing ASPO presentations. Despite this expectation, past research and this data set suggest this expectation often does not materialize. "Time constraints" were the most commonly identified barrier to publication. To enhance

Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Research into the origins of food plants has led to the recognition that specific geographic regions around the world have been of particular importance to the development of agricultural crops. Yet the relative contributions of these different regions in the context of current food systems have not...

Towards a Cancer Drug of Fungal Origin

PubMed Central

Kornienko, Alexander; Evidente, Antonio; Vurro, Maurizio; Mathieu, Véronique; Cimmino, Alessio; Evidente, Marco; van Otterlo, Willem A. L.; Dasari, Ramesh; Lefranc, Florence; Kiss, Robert

2015-01-01

Although fungi produce highly structurally diverse metabolites, many of which have served as excellent sources of pharmaceuticals, no fungi-derived agent has been approved as a cancer drug so far. This is despite a tremendous amount of research being aimed at the identification of fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activities. This review discusses the results of clinical testing of fungal metabolites and their synthetic derivatives, with the goal to evaluate how far we are from an approved cancer drug of fungal origin. Also, because in vivo studies in animal models are predictive of the efficacy and toxicity of a given compound in a clinical situation, literature describing animal cancer testing of compounds of fungal origin is reviewed as well. Agents showing the potential to advance to clinical trials are also identified. Finally, the technological challenges involved in the exploitation of fungal biodiversity and procurement of sufficient quantities of clinical candidates are discussed and potential solutions that could be pursued by researchers are highlighted. PMID:25850821

Residual-based Methods for Controlling Discretization Error in CFD

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-24

discrete equations uh into Equation (3), then subtracting the original (continuous) governing equation 0)~( uL gives 0)()~()(  hhh uuLuL  . If...error from Equation (1) results in )()( hhh uL   (4) which for Burgers’ equation becomes  4 2 4 42 3 3 2 2 126 xO x dx udx dx ud u dx d dx d u...GTEE given in Equation (3) gives the continuous residual )()( hhh uuL  (8) which is analogous to the finite element residual (Ainsworth and

Inclusions and Substructures in Uranium of Nuclear Purity. Report No. 51; INCLUSIONES Y SUBESTRUCTURAS EN URANIO DE PUREZA NUCLEAR. INFORME NO. 51

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biloni, H.; Lindenvald, N.; Sabato, J.A.

1961-01-01

The inclusions in uranium of nuclear purity (UC, UH/sub 3/, UO/sub 2/, UO, UN, and the complexes which include the intersolubility of U with C and N or with C, N, and O) were . analyzed metallographically, and the results reported by other authors were discussed critically. The existence of the fine precipitate reticular substructure, sensitive to thermal treatments, which generally appears in uraniunn was analyzed. Its origins were discussed in accordance with bibliographic data. Complementary data for its comprehension are given from the metallographic analysis of U--Al and U-- Fe alloys with low Al and Fe concentrations. (tr-auth)

Structural mechanics research at the Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stephens, W. B.

1976-01-01

The contributions of NASA's Langley Research Center in areas of structural mechanics were traced from its NACA origins in 1917 to the present. The developments in structural mechanics technology since 1940 were emphasized. A brief review of some current research topics were discussed as well as anticipated near-term research projects.

Interactive Online Distance Learning at the University of Hawai'i-West O'ahu

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Rebecca

2002-01-01

From its beginnings 25 years ago, the University of Hawai'i-West O'ahu (UH-West O'ahu) has strived to provide its students, mostly working adults with an average age of 32 years, with easy access to classes and advising by maintaining flexible class schedules and office hours. When UH-West O'ahu initiated a distance education program in 1981, the…

The Lifelong Productivity of Terman's Original Women Researchers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Karen B.

A preliminary analysis of information collected from historical archives and long-time leaders in gifted education reveals a wealth of data about five women researchers who worked in various capacities during the initial establishment and data collection of Dr. Lewis Terman's classic longitudinal study of the "Genetic Studies of Genius."…

University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-10-01

the Virgo Cluster , and motions toward Centaurus and the ‘‘Great At- tractor.’’ In collaboration with former UH student J. Jensen ~Gemini!, R. Thompson...operated in Hawaii by the Joint Astronomy Centre ~JAC! based in Hilo on behalf of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council of the United...and Keck II telescopes of the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated by the California Association for Research in Astronomy for the use of

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact.

PubMed

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K

2010-01-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires approximately 10 s to complete one 3-D scan of approximately 2.5 x 2.5 mm(2). The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from approximately 4 microms to approximately 23 mms. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology.

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K.

2010-05-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires ~10 s to complete one 3-D scan of ~2.5×2.5 mm2. The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from ~4 μm/s to ~23 mm/s. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology.

Origin and evolution of Near Earth Asteroids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morbidelli, A.

Our current understanding of the origin and evolution of NEAs is the result of several research steps done essentially over the last 30 years. J. G. Williams and J. Wisdom have been the pioneer researchers who showed that some resonances may increase the eccentricity of the asteroids, thus transporting them from the main belt to terrestrial planets crossing orbits. G. Wetherill with a large number of sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations, designed a scenario for the origin and evolution of NEAs. Furthermore, Farinella and collaborators found that a typical end-state for NEAs is the collision with the Sun and Gladman and collaborators showed, with a large number of numerical simulations, that these collisions make the dynamical lifetime of the NEAs one order of magnitude shorter than previously believed. Even more recently, Migliorini and collaborators brought attention to the fact that asteroids can leave the main belt and reach Mars-crossing orbits also under the action of numerous weak mean motion resonances and that this mechanism could account for the origin of several among the multi-kilometer NEAs. The state of the art is still in rapid evolution. It should be possible in the close future to quantify the relative importance of the different escape routes from the main belt, and to better understand the mechanisms by which the transporting resonances are resupplied of bodies.

Performance of the first HAWAII 4RG-15 arrays in the laboratory and at the telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, Donald N. B.; Atkinson, Dani; Beletic, James W.; Blank, Richard; Farris, Mark; Hodapp, Klaus W.; Jacobson, Shane M.; Loose, Markus; Luppino, Gerard

2012-07-01

The primary goal of the HAWAII 4RG-15 (H4RG-15) development is to provide a 16 megapixel 4096x4096 format at significantly reduced price per pixel while maintaining the superb low background performance of the HAWAII 2RG (H2RG). The H4RG-15 design incorporates several new features, notably clocked reference output and interleaved reference pixel readout, that promise to significantly improve noise performance while the reduction in pixel pitch from 18 to 15 microns should improve transimpedance gain although at the expense of some degradation in full well and crosstalk. During the Phase-1 development, Teledyne has produced and screen tested six hybrid arrays. In preparation for Phase-2, the most promising of these are being extensively characterized in the University of Hawaii’s (UH) ULBCam test facility originally developed for the JWST H2RG program. The end-to-end performance of the most promising array has been directly established through astronomical imaging observations at the UH 88-inch telescope on Mauna Kea. We report the performance of these Phase-1 H4RG-15s within the context of established H2RG performance for key parameters (primarily CDS read noise), also highlighting the improvements from the new readout modes.

Measurement of Relative Abundances of Ultra-Heavy Cosmic Rays with CALET on the ISS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rauch, Brian; Calet Collaboration

2016-03-01

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a Japanese-Italian-US astroparticle observatory that was launched from the Tanegashima Space Center on the H-IIB Launch Vehicle No.5 (H-IIB F5) aboard the KOUNOTORI5 (HTV5 cargo transfer vehicle) to the International Space Station (ISS) on August 19, 2015. The HTV5 arrived at the ISS on August 24, and CALET was installed on port 9 of the Japanese Experiment Module ``Kibo'' Exposed Facility (JEM-EF), where CALET underwent the planned turn on and checkout procedures. CALET has completed its commissioning phase and its main calorimeter (CAL) is observing the highest energy cosmic electrons from 1 GeV to 20 TeV, along with cosmic ray nuclei through iron up to 1,000 TeV and gamma-rays above 10 GeV. In a five-year mission CALET will also have the exposure to measure the relative abundances of the ultra-heavy (UH) cosmic rays with ~4 × the statistics of the TIGER instrument for the full CAL acceptance. Rigidity cutoffs based on the earth's geomagnetic field in the 51.6° inclination ISS orbit can provide an energy independent UH measurement with expanded acceptance with ~10 × the TIGER statistics. An overview of the anticipated performance and preliminary CALET UH analysis data will be presented. This research was supported by NASA at Washington University under Grant Number NNX11AE02G.

[The anaesthesia and critical care specialty and new hospital management in France: an inquiry in university and general hospitals].

PubMed

Fusciardi, J; Remérand, F; Landais, A; Brodeur, J; Journois, D; Laffon, M

2010-03-01

To know: (1) how French public services of anaesthesia and critical care (ACC) have applied the new principles of hospital management and (2) whether or not it has impacted the different components of ACC. National questionnaire at the end of 2008, i.e., after 2 years of new hospital management. Heads of ACC services in general (GH) and university hospitals (UH). Eighteen closed questions and open opinions analyzed. Comparisons of percentages (Chi(2) - Yates): linear correlation. Percentages of responses were 70% (n=51) for UH and 37% (n=146) for GH. The new management principles were mainly applied. The different clinical and academic components of the ACC specialty (ACC, emergency medicine, pain management) mainly remained associated in UH. In GH, the new management induced constant and various changes. They were mainly judged as defeating the object of the ACC speciality in GH, especially in those of lower and mild sizes. The general tendency is that the ACC specialty was able to maintain the family ties of its different components in the UH. However, this principle was not a cornerstone of the new management in the GH. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effect of advanced component technology on helicopter transmissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewicki, David G.; Townsend, Dennis P.

1989-01-01

Experimental tests were performed on the NASA/Bell Helicopter Textron (BHT) 500 hp advanced technology transmission (ATT) at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The ATT was a retrofit of the OH-58C helicopter 236 kW (317 hp) main rotor transmission, upgraded to 373 kW (500 hp), with a design goal of retaining long life with a minimum increase in cost, weight, and size. Vibration, strain, efficiency, deflection, and temperature experiments were performed and the results were compared to previous experiments on the OH-58A, OH-58C, and UH-60A transmissions. The high-contact-ratio gears and the cantilevered-mounted, flexible ring gear of the ATT reduced vibration compared to that of the OH-58C. The ATT flexible ring gear improved planetary load sharing compared to that of the rigid ring gear of the UH-60A transmission. The ATT mechanical efficiency was lower than that of the OH-58A transmission, probably due to the high-contact-ratio planetary gears.

Lesions of endodontic origin and risk of coronary heart disease.

PubMed

Caplan, D J; Chasen, J B; Krall, E A; Cai, J; Kang, S; Garcia, R I; Offenbacher, S; Beck, J D

2006-11-01

A paucity of epidemiologic research exists regarding systemic health consequences of endodontic disease. This study evaluated whether incident radiographically evident lesions of endodontic origin were related to development of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 708 male participants in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study. At baseline and every three years for up to 32 years, participants (who were not VA patients) received complete medical and dental examinations, including full-mouth radiographs. Cox regression models estimated the relationship between incident lesions of endodontic origin and time to CHD diagnosis. Among those < or = 40 years old, incident lesions of endodontic origin were significantly associated with time to CHD diagnosis (p < 0.05), after adjustment for covariates of interest, with hazard ratios decreasing as age increased. Among those > 40 years old, no statistically significant association was observed. These findings are consistent with research that suggests relationships between chronic periodontal inflammation and the development of CHD, especially among younger men.

Concurrent Mission and Systems Design at NASA Glenn Research Center: The Origins of the COMPASS Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McGuire, Melissa L.; Oleson, Steven R.; Sarver-Verhey, Timothy R.

2012-01-01

Established at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in 2006 to meet the need for rapid mission analysis and multi-disciplinary systems design for in-space and human missions, the Collaborative Modeling for Parametric Assessment of Space Systems (COMPASS) team is a multidisciplinary, concurrent engineering group whose primary purpose is to perform integrated systems analysis, but it is also capable of designing any system that involves one or more of the disciplines present in the team. The authors were involved in the development of the COMPASS team and its design process, and are continuously making refinements and enhancements. The team was unofficially started in the early 2000s as part of the distributed team known as Team JIMO (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) in support of the multi-center collaborative JIMO spacecraft design during Project Prometheus. This paper documents the origins of a concurrent mission and systems design team at GRC and how it evolved into the COMPASS team, including defining the process, gathering the team and tools, building the facility, and performing studies.

Belief in AIDS Origin Conspiracy Theory and Willingness to Participate in Biomedical Research Studies: Findings in Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in Seven Cities Across Two Surveys

PubMed Central

Russell, Stefanie L.; Katz, Ralph V.; Wang, Min Qi; Lee, Ryan; Green, B. Lee; Kressin, Nancy R.; Claudio, Cristina

2013-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether a belief in the AIDS origin conspiracy theory is related to likelihood or fear of participation in research studies. Methods The Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire was administered via random-digit-dialed telephone interview to black, white, and Hispanic participants in 4 cities in 1999 and 2000 (n = 1,133) and in 3 cities in 2003 (n = 1,162). Results In 1999, 27.8% of blacks, 23.6% of Hispanics, and 8% of whites (P ≤ .001) reported that it was “very or somewhat likely” that AIDS is “the result of a government plan to intentionally kill a certain group of people by genocide.” In 2003, 34.1% of blacks, 21.9% of Hispanics, and 8.4% of whites (P ≤ .001) reported the same. Conclusions Whereas blacks and Hispanics were more than 3 times more likely than whites to believe in this AIDS origin conspiracy theory, holding this belief was not associated with a decreased likelihood of participation in, or increased fear of participation in, biomedical research. PMID:21388939

Belief in AIDS origin conspiracy theory and willingness to participate in biomedical research studies: findings in whites, blacks, and Hispanics in seven cities across two surveys.

PubMed

Russell, Stefanie L; Katz, Ralph V; Wang, Min Qi; Lee, Ryan; Green, B Lee; Kressin, Nancy R; Claudio, Cristina

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a belief in the AIDS origin conspiracy theory is related to likelihood or fear of participation in research studies. The Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire was administered via random-digit-dialed telephone interview to black, white, and Hispanic participants in 4 cities in 1999 and 2000 (n = 1,133) and in 3 cities in 2003 (n = 1,162). In 1999, 27.8% of blacks, 23.6% of Hispanics, and 8% of whites (P ≤ .001) reported that it was "very or somewhat likely" that AIDS is "the result of a government plan to intentionally kill a certain group of people by genocide." In 2003, 34.1% of blacks, 21.9% of Hispanics, and 8.4% of whites (P ≤ .001) reported the same. Whereas blacks and Hispanics were more than 3 times more likely than whites to believe in this AIDS origin conspiracy theory, holding this belief was not associated with a decreased likelihood of participation in, or increased fear of participation in, biomedical research.

Origins of human cooperation and morality.

PubMed

Tomasello, Michael; Vaish, Amrisha

2013-01-01

From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of cooperation. Cooperation requires individuals either to suppress their own self-interest or to equate it with that of others. We review recent research on the origins of human morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and ontogenetic (research with children). For both time frames we propose a two-step sequence: first a second-personal morality in which individuals are sympathetic or fair to particular others, and second an agent-neutral morality in which individuals follow and enforce group-wide social norms. Human morality arose evolutionarily as a set of skills and motives for cooperating with others, and the ontogeny of these skills and motives unfolds in part naturally and in part as a result of sociocultural contexts and interactions.

Platelet activation in essential hypertension during exercise: pre- and post-treatment changes with an angiotensin II receptor blocker.

PubMed

Gkaliagkousi, Eugenia; Gavriilaki, Eleni; Yiannaki, Efi; Markala, Dimitra; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos; Triantafyllou, Areti; Anyfanti, Panagiota; Petidis, Konstantinos; Garypidou, Vasileia; Doumas, Michael; Ferro, Albert; Douma, Stella

2014-04-01

Acute exercise may exert deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system through a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased platelet activation. However, the degree of exercise-induced platelet activation in untreated hypertensive (UH) individuals as compared with normotensive (NT) individuals has yet to be established. Furthermore, the effect of antihypertensive treatment on exercise-induced platelet activation in essential hypertension (EH) remains unknown. Study 1 consisted of 30 UH and 15 NT subjects. UH subjects who received treatment were included in study 2 and were followed-up after a 3-month treatment period with an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB; valsartan). Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA) and platelet P-selectin were measured as platelet activation markers at baseline, immediately after a treadmill exercise test, and 10, 30, and 90 minutes later. Maximal platelet activation was observed at 10 minutes after peak exercise in both groups. In UH subjects, MPA levels remained increased at 30 minutes after peak exercise, despite BP fall to baseline levels. MPA levels were significantly higher in UH subjects than NT subjects at maximal exercise and at 10 and 30 minutes of recovery. Post-treatment MPA levels increased significantly only at 10 minutes into recovery and were similar to those of NT subjects. Acute high-intensity exercise exaggerates platelet activation in untreated patients with EH compared with NT individuals. Angiotensin II receptor blockade with adequate BP control greatly improves exercise-induced platelet activation in EH. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this phenomenon depends purely on BP lowering or benefits also from the pleiotropic effects of ARBs.

Long-term follow-up results of umbilical hernia repair.

PubMed

Venclauskas, Linas; Jokubauskas, Mantas; Zilinskas, Justas; Zviniene, Kristina; Kiudelis, Mindaugas

2017-12-01

Multiple suture techniques and various mesh repairs are used in open or laparoscopic umbilical hernia (UH) surgery. To compare long-term follow-up results of UH repair in different hernia surgery groups and to identify risk factors for UH recurrence. A retrospective analysis of 216 patients who underwent elective surgery for UH during a 10-year period was performed. The patients were divided into three groups according to surgery technique (suture, mesh and laparoscopic repair). Early and long-term follow-up results including hospital stay, postoperative general and wound complications, recurrence rate and postoperative patient complaints were reviewed. Risk factors for recurrence were also analyzed. One hundred and forty-six patients were operated on using suture repair, 52 using open mesh and 18 using laparoscopic repair technique. 77.8% of patients underwent long-term follow-up. The postoperative wound complication rate and long-term postoperative complaints were significantly higher in the open mesh repair group. The overall hernia recurrence rate was 13.1%. Only 2 (1.7%) patients with small hernias (< 2 cm) had a recurrence in the suture repair group. Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2 , diabetes and wound infection were independent risk factors for umbilical hernia recurrence. The overall umbilical hernia recurrence rate was 13.1%. Body mass index > 30 kg/m 2 , diabetes and wound infection were independent risk factors for UH recurrence. According to our study results, laparoscopic medium and large umbilical hernia repair has slight advantages over open mesh repair concerning early postoperative complications, long-term postoperative pain and recurrence.

Quantum 1/F Noise in Solid State Double Devices, in Particular Hg(1-x) CdxTe Diodes.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-22

1 / f noise , diffusion noise , recombination noise , Hooge formula, Hooge parameter, coherent and...The data will be discussed and interpreted in subsequent sections. f 1 . The Hooge equation and quantum 1 / f noise (A. van der Ziel) According to Hooge [ 1 ...the relative current 1 / f noise of a semiconductor resistor may be written as SI( f ) uH 12 N where uH is the Hooge

Resveratrol induces cellular senescence with attenuated mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B in glioma cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Zhen; Xu, Michael S.; Barnett, Tamara L.

2011-04-08

Research highlights: {yields} Resveratrol induces cellular senescence in glioma cell. {yields} Resveratrol inhibits mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B at K120. {yields} Depletion of RNF20, phenocopies the inhibitory effects of resveratrol. {yields} Mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B at K120 is a novel target of resveratrol. {yields} RNF20 inhibits cellular senescence in proliferating glioma cells. -- Abstract: Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol naturally occurring in grapes and other plants, has cancer chemo-preventive effects and therapeutic potential. Although resveratrol modulates multiple pathways in tumor cells, how resveratrol or its affected pathways converge on chromatin to mediate its effects is not known. Using glioma cells as amore » model, we showed here that resveratrol inhibited cell proliferation and induced cellular hypertrophy by transforming spindle-shaped cells to enlarged, irregular and flatten-shaped ones. We further showed that resveratrol-induced hypertrophic cells expressed senescence-associated-{beta}-galactosidase, suggesting that resveratrol-induced cellular senescence in glioma cells. Consistent with these observations, we demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited clonogenic efficiencies in vitro and tumor growth in a xenograft model. Furthermore, we found that acute treatment of resveratrol inhibited mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B at K120 (uH2B) in breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung, brain tumor cells as well as primary human cells. Chronic treatment with low doses of resveratrol also inhibited uH2B in the resveratrol-induced senescent glioma cells. Moreover, we showed that depletion of RNF20, a ubiquitin ligase of histone H2B, inhibited uH2B and induced cellular senescence in glioma cells in vitro, thereby recapitulated the effects of resveratrol. Taken together, our results suggest that uH2B is a novel direct or indirect chromatin target of resveratrol and RNF20 plays an important role in inhibiting

Is Qualitative Research Second Class Science? A Quantitative Longitudinal Examination of Qualitative Research in Medical Journals

PubMed Central

Shuval, Kerem; Harker, Karen; Roudsari, Bahman; Groce, Nora E.; Mills, Britain; Siddiqi, Zoveen; Shachak, Aviv

2011-01-01

Background Qualitative research appears to be gaining acceptability in medical journals. Yet, little is actually known about the proportion of qualitative research and factors affecting its publication. This study describes the proportion of qualitative research over a 10 year period and correlates associated with its publication. Design A quantitative longitudinal examination of the proportion of original qualitative research in 67 journals of general medicine during a 10 year period (1998–2007). The proportion of qualitative research was determined by dividing original qualitative studies published (numerator) by all original research articles published (denominator). We used a generalized estimating equations approach to assess the longitudinal association between the proportion of qualitative studies and independent variables (i.e. journals' country of publication and impact factor; editorial/methodological papers discussing qualitative research; and specific journal guidelines pertaining to qualitative research). Findings A 2.9% absolute increase and 3.4-fold relative increase in qualitative research publications occurred over a 10 year period (1.2% in 1998 vs. 4.1% in 2007). The proportion of original qualitative research was independently and significantly associated with the publication of editorial/methodological papers in the journal (b = 3.688, P = 0.012); and with qualitative research specifically mentioned in guidelines for authors (b = 6.847, P<0.001). Additionally, a higher proportion of qualitative research was associated only with journals published in the UK in comparison to other countries, yet with borderline statistical significance (b = 1.776, P = 0.075). The journals' impact factor was not associated with the publication of qualitative research. Conclusions Despite an increase in the proportion of qualitative research in medical journals over a 10 year period, the proportion remains low. Journals' policies pertaining to

Undergraduate Research Program in Atmospheric Science: Houston Ozone Studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morris, P. A.; Balimuttajjo, M.; Damon, D.; Herridge, A.; Hromis, A. G.; Litwin, D.; Wright, J. M.

2011-12-01

The Minority University Consortium for Earth and Space Sciences (MUCESS) composed of the University of Houston-Downtown (UHD), Medgar Evers College (City University of New York), South Carolina State University, is an undergraduate atmospheric science program funded by NSF. The program's goal is to increase the participation of minority universities in STEM activities and careers by providing students with the knowledge and skills needed to perform weather balloon launches, interpret ozone and temperature variations in the troposphere and stratosphere. Ozone profiles up to 30 km altitude are obtained via an instrument payload attached to a weather balloon. The payload instrumentation consists of an EN-SCI ECC ozonesonde and an iMET radiosonde. The data is transmitted to a base station in real time and includes pressure, temperature, humidity, and GPS coordinates This presentation is directed towards comparing our 2011 Houston data to data that either UHD or the University of Houston (UH) has collected. Our launches are primarily on Sunday, and UH's on Friday. Our primary objective is to identify ground level ozone variations on Sunday and compare with weekday levels as tropospheric ozone is largely controlled by anthropogenic activities. Ozone levels vary depending on the time of year, temperature, rain, wind direction, chemical plant activities, private and commercial traffic patterns.etc. Our limited Friday launches, supported by UH data, indicate that ground level ozone is generally elevated in contrast to Sunday data, For example, our Friday July 2011 launch detected elevated low-altitude ozone levels with ground level ozone levels of 42 nb that increased to 46 nb from 500 m to 1 km. Other peaks are at 2.7 km (44 nb) and 6km (41 nb), decreasing to 17 nb at the tropopause (12 km). Overall, Sunday low altitude ozone levels are generally lower. Our Sunday ground level ozone data ranges from a low of 25 nb on July 11 to a high of 50 nb on August 1. A combination of

[Advance of heterologous expression study of eukaryote-origin laccases].

PubMed

Ning, Na; Tan, Huijun; Sun, Xinxin; Ni, Jinfeng

2017-04-25

Laccases are enzymes belonging to the group of multi-copper oxidases. These enzymes are widely distributed in insects, plants, fungi and bacteria. In general, laccases can oxidize an exceptionally high number of substrates, so they have broad applications in textile, pulp, food and the degradation of lignin. However, low yield, low activity and thermo-instability of laccase in nature limit the application of laccase. High efficient heterologous expression of the protein is an effective way for solving this problem. Here, we summarize the research advances of heterologous expression of eukaryote-origin laccases. We focus on the overexpression of eukaryote-origin laccases using different expression system and the method for improving the production yield and enzyme activity in yeast cells. Information provided in this review would be helpful for researchers in the field.

Magnesium-dependent association and folding of oligonucleosomes reconstituted with ubiquitinated H2A.

PubMed

Jason, L J; Moore, S C; Ausio, J; Lindsey, G

2001-05-04

The MgCl2-induced folding of defined 12-mer nucleosomal arrays, in which ubiquitinated histone H2A (uH2A) replaced H2A, was analyzed by quantitative agarose gel electrophoresis and analytical centrifugation. Both types of analysis showed that uH2A arrays attained a degree of compaction similar to that of control arrays in 2 mM MgCl2. These results indicate that attachment of ubiquitin to H2A has little effect on the ability of nucleosomal arrays to form higher order folded structures in the ionic conditions tested. In contrast, uH2A arrays were found to oligomerize at lower MgCl2 concentrations than control nucleosomal arrays, suggesting that histone ubiquitination may play a role in nucleosomal fiber association.

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact

PubMed Central

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K.

2010-01-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires ∼10 s to complete one 3-D scan of ∼2.5×2.5 mm2. The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from ∼4 μm∕s to ∼23 mm∕s. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology. PMID:20614993

The role of Upper Hybrid Turbulence on HF Artificial Ionization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Dennis; Najmi, Amir; Eliasson, Bengt; Milikh, Gennady

2016-07-01

One of the most fascinating and scientifically interesting phenomena of active space experiments is the discovery of artificial ionization by Todd Pedersen when the HAARP ERP reached the GW level. The phenomenon has been well documented experimentally. A theoretical model based on ionization by energetic electrons accelerated by 50-100 V/m localized electric fields due to Strong Langmuir Turbulence (SLT) near the reflection surface of the HF pump wave, reproduced the observed dynamics of the descending plasma layer quite accurately. A major defect of the model was that the electron temperature in the SLT region was a free parameter. When taken as the 2000 K representing the ambient electron temperature the SLT driven electron flux was insufficient to produce ionization. An equivalent electron temperature of 5000 K or higher was necessary to reproduce the observations. The needed electron heating was attributed to the interaction of the HF at the Upper Hybrid (UH) resonant layer, approximately 5 Km below the reflection region where the HF electric field is perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The heated electrons expanded upwards along the magnetic field line and interacted with SLT fields near the resonance region. A consequence of this defect was that the theory could not explain the puzzling double resonance effect. Namely the observation that the ionization level was much stronger when the HF frequency and the UH resonance were a multiple of the electron cyclotron frequency. To remedy this we used a series of Vlasov simulations to explore the HF-plasma interaction in the vicinity of the UH resonance. The simulations followed the evolution of the spectral density of the electric field over a 7.5 MHz frequency band and cm scale lengths and of the electron distribution function over one millisecond for both double resonant and non-resonant cases. Many new features were revealed by the analysis of the simulations such as: 1. Broadening of the wave

The Development of the CONDUIT Advanced Control System Design and Evaluation Interface with a Case Study Application to an Advanced Fly by Wire Helicopter Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Colbourne, Jason

1999-01-01

This report details the development and use of CONDUIT (Control Designer's Unified Interface). CONDUIT is a design tool created at Ames Research Center for the purpose of evaluating and optimizing aircraft control systems against handling qualities. Three detailed design problems addressing the RASCAL UH-60A Black Hawk are included in this report to show the application of CONDUIT to helicopter control system design.

The Historical Origins of Mass Communication Research in Our Field.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Becker, Samuel L.

The seeds of mass communication research in broadcasting were extracurricular, not academic, inspired by experimental campus radio stations. Prior to the mid-1930s, radio research was scarce. Until World War II, radio speech was the most important topic, followed by articles on how to use radio for improving instruction. There are three…

Intrusive origin of the Sudbury Igneous Complex: Structural and sedimentological evidence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cowan, E. J.; Schwerdtner, W. M.

1992-01-01

In recent years, many geoscientists have come to believe that the Sudbury event was exogenic rather than endogenic. Critical to a recent exogenic hypothesis is the impact melt origin of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). Such origin implies that the SIC was emplaced before deposition of the Whitewater Group, in contrast to origins in which the SIC postdates the lithification of the Onaping Formation. Structural and sedimentological evidence is summarized herein that supports an intrusion of the SIC after lithification of all Whitewater Group strata, and conflicts with the hypothesis advanced by other researchers.

How and why multiple MCMs are loaded at origins of DNA replication.

PubMed

Das, Shankar P; Rhind, Nicholas

2016-07-01

Recent work suggests that DNA replication origins are regulated by the number of multiple mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complexes loaded. Origins are defined by the loading of MCM - the replicative helicase which initiates DNA replication and replication kinetics determined by origin's location and firing times. However, activation of MCM is heterogeneous; different origins firing at different times in different cells. Also, more MCMs are loaded in G1 than are used in S phase. These aspects of MCM biology are explained by the observation that multiple MCMs are loaded at origins. Having more MCMs at early origins makes them more likely to fire, effecting differences in origin efficiency that define replication timing. Nonetheless, multiple MCM loading raises new questions, such as how they are loaded, where these MCMs reside at origins, and how their presence affects replication timing. In this review, we address these questions and discuss future avenues of research. © 2016 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.

[Identification of original species of Mantidis Oötheca (Sangpiaoxiao) based on DNA barcoding].

PubMed

Wang, Xi; Hou, Fei-xia; Wang, Yi-xuan; Wang, Yu-xian; Li, Jun-de; Yuan, Yuan; Peng, Cheng; Guo, Jin-lin

2015-10-01

Both market research and literature reports both found that the ootheca of mantodea was all used as medicine. However, Chinese Pharmacopoeia only records the ootheca of three mantis species. The clinical use of ootheca unrecorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, will pose potential risks to drug safety. It's urgent to identify the origin of Mantidis Oötheca. The current researches about original animal in Mantidis Oötheca are based on morphology and unanimous. DNA barcoding fill gaps of the traditional morphological identification, which is widely used in animal classification studies. This study first use DNA barcoding to analyze genetic distance among different Mantidis Oötheca types, align COI sequences between mantis and Mantidis Oötheca and construct the phylogeny tree. The result confirmed that Tenodera sinensis and Hierodula patellifera were the origin insects of Tuanpiaoxiao and Heipiaoxiao, respectively, and Statilia maculate and Mantis religiosa were the origin insects of Changpiaoxiao.

7. Credit USAF, 1945. Original housed in the Muroc Flight ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Credit USAF, 1945. Original housed in the Muroc Flight Test Base, Unit History, 1 September 1942 30 June 1945. Alfred F. Simpson Historical Research Agency. United States Air Force. Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Interior view in shop wing on south side of hangar. Original caption reads "7 Sept. 1945, BH-10, Hangar No. 4 4505 Machine Shop." - Edwards Air Force Base, North Base, Hangar, End of North Base Road, Boron, Kern County, CA

Chemical Evolution and the Origin of Life: Bibliography 1975

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

West, Martha W. (Compiler); Koch, Rowena A. (Compiler); Chang, Sherwood (Compiler)

1977-01-01

This bibliography is the sixth annual supplement to the comprehensive bibliography on the same subject which was published in Space Life Sci.We would like to draw attention to a recently published cumulative bibliography on this same subject: Biochemical Origin of Life: Chemistry and Life. Soil and Water and Its Relationship to Origin of Life. MR - Studies of Prebiotic Polypeptides. Energy, Matter, and Life. Prospects for the Future Orientation of Scientific Research. Photochemical Formation of Self Sustaining Coacervates. Photochemical Formation of Self-Sustaining Coacervates. Comparative Study of Abiogenesis of Cysteine and Other Amino Acids Catalyzed by Various Metal Ions. Protein Structure and the Molecular Evolution of Biological Energy Conversion. Origin of Life. Clues from Relations Between Chemical Compositions of Living Organisms and Natural Environments. Shock Synthesis of Amino Acids II.', Origins of Life 6(1-2). Dynamics of the Chemical Evolution of Earth's Primitive Atmosphere. The Mechanisms of Amino Acids Synthesis by High Temperature Shock-Waves. Theory of Chemical Evolution. Physical Foundations of Probability of Biogenesis.

18. Photocopy of original postcard, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of original postcard, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, 'U. S. Forest Nursery with CCC Camp in Background-Parsons, W. Va.'), photographer unknown, ca. 1936. AERIAL VIEW EAST, ORIGINAL WASH HOUSE, WORKSHOP/WAREHOUSE, TWO EQUIPMENT BUILDINGS (DEMOLISHED) IN FOREGROUND, CCC CAMP PARSONS IN BACKGROUND. - Parsons Nursery, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

[Problems of exobiology: the origin of life on Earth].

PubMed

Tairbekov, M G; Klimovitskiĭ, V Ia; Il'in, E A

2003-01-01

The basic problem of exobiology is origin and evolution of life as a space phenomenon. Consideration is given to the facts for the space origin, spreading in the interstellar space of and invasion of the surface of planets by organic compounds, constituents of archetypes of living systems. The authors bring up to discussion the issues of life development under the conditions of Earth, and formation of the main properties of the living organisms differing in the level of organization. Outlined are some international projects on exobiological research in experiments with bio-objects on space platforms.

Origins Of The Elements - An Educational Web Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samarasingha, Iranga; Ivans, I. I.

2011-01-01

This poster introduces a new and unique web site "ORIGINS OF THE ELEMENTS" to the astronomy and physics communities. The main objective of our site is to provide a useful reference guide to the origins of the elements for researchers, educators and students. Only a very few of the lightest elements have their origins at the earliest cosmological ages of the Universe, the Big Bang. Most of the elements found on the Earth, and in the rest of the Universe, owe their primary existence to stellar nucleosynthesis, either during the course of the energy generation lifetimes of stars, or in the exploding supernovae of stars at the end of their lives. A by-product of stellar energy generation and exploding supernovae is alchemy -- the ashes of the energy generation contribution of one element is another, more massive element. Although various reference sources are available to learn about nucleosynthesis, it's a challenging task to uncover appropriate study materials. In this single site, we present both data and recent research results in a concise and attractive structure. Using tables and charts, the material is presented in a multi-level style. For each of the elements in the periodic table, and for each of the stable isotopes in the chart of the nuclides, the site gives a clear visualization of their corresponding nucleosynthetic origins. As a consequence, the charts afford an insight into the patterns of nucleosynthesis. Moreover, the web site provides the student with an intuition to the relative distributions of those elements. Another important feature of our site is that users have direct access to the tabulated elemental abundances (both theoretical and observed) of stars and meteorites.

Songs composed for use in music therapy: a survey of original songwriting practices of music therapists.

PubMed

Jones, Jennifer D

2006-01-01

While researchers have documented the efficacy of clinical songwriting in music therapy, limited research has been conducted on songs composed by music therapists that address clinical goals. The purpose of this research was to examine the original songwriting practices of music therapists. Professional music therapists (N = 1,364) received a 14-question survey via email asking each to identify client populations and clinical goals addressed by original songs, their length of time in clinical practice, and specifics about their acquisition of songwriting skills. The data collected from 302 completed surveys revealed that respondents who used original songs were most likely to work with children and adolescents in schools or the developmental disability field and wrote songs in order to individualize treatment. Music therapists working with persons over 65 years of age in long term care or assisted living programs were the least likely to use original songs in clinical practice, opting for interventions utilizing the client's familiar music. Most music therapists found songwriting generally easy, but only 37% indicated that they acquired this skill during their undergraduate degree. Additional research on the clinical efficacy of original songs and therapist's compositional processes is needed to identify best practices models for strategic songwriting.

Long-term follow-up results of umbilical hernia repair

PubMed Central

Venclauskas, Linas; Zilinskas, Justas; Zviniene, Kristina; Kiudelis, Mindaugas

2017-01-01

Introduction Multiple suture techniques and various mesh repairs are used in open or laparoscopic umbilical hernia (UH) surgery. Aim To compare long-term follow-up results of UH repair in different hernia surgery groups and to identify risk factors for UH recurrence. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of 216 patients who underwent elective surgery for UH during a 10-year period was performed. The patients were divided into three groups according to surgery technique (suture, mesh and laparoscopic repair). Early and long-term follow-up results including hospital stay, postoperative general and wound complications, recurrence rate and postoperative patient complaints were reviewed. Risk factors for recurrence were also analyzed. Results One hundred and forty-six patients were operated on using suture repair, 52 using open mesh and 18 using laparoscopic repair technique. 77.8% of patients underwent long-term follow-up. The postoperative wound complication rate and long-term postoperative complaints were significantly higher in the open mesh repair group. The overall hernia recurrence rate was 13.1%. Only 2 (1.7%) patients with small hernias (< 2 cm) had a recurrence in the suture repair group. Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, diabetes and wound infection were independent risk factors for umbilical hernia recurrence. Conclusions The overall umbilical hernia recurrence rate was 13.1%. Body mass index > 30 kg/m2, diabetes and wound infection were independent risk factors for UH recurrence. According to our study results, laparoscopic medium and large umbilical hernia repair has slight advantages over open mesh repair concerning early postoperative complications, long-term postoperative pain and recurrence. PMID:29362649

Father involvement in Mexican origin families: Preliminary development of culturally-informed measure

PubMed Central

Roubinov, Danielle S.; Luecken, Linda J.; Gonzales, Nancy A.; Crnic, Keith A.

2015-01-01

Objectives An increasing body of research has documented the significant influence of father involvement on children’s development and overall well-being. However, extant research has predominately focused on middle-class Caucasian samples with little examination of fathering in ethnic minority and low-income families, particularly during the infancy period. The present study evaluated measures of early father involvement (paternal engagement, accessibility, and responsibility) that were adapted to capture important cultural values relevant to the paternal role in Mexican origin families. Methods A sample of 180 Mexican origin mothers (M age = 28.3) and 83 Mexican origin fathers (M age = 31.5) were interviewed during the perinatal period. Results Descriptive analyses indicated that Mexican origin fathers are involved in meaningful levels of direct interaction with their infant. A two-factor model of paternal responsibility was supported by factor analyses, consisting of a behavioral responsibility factor aligned with previous literature and culturally-derived positive machismo factor. Qualities of the romantic relationship, cultural orientation, and maternal employment status were related to indices of father involvement. Conclusions These preliminary results contribute to understanding of the transition to fatherhood among low-income Mexican origin men and bring attention to the demographic, social, and cultural contexts in which varying levels of father involvement may emerge. PMID:26237543

Probability distribution functions for unit hydrographs with optimization using genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghorbani, Mohammad Ali; Singh, Vijay P.; Sivakumar, Bellie; H. Kashani, Mahsa; Atre, Atul Arvind; Asadi, Hakimeh

2017-05-01

A unit hydrograph (UH) of a watershed may be viewed as the unit pulse response function of a linear system. In recent years, the use of probability distribution functions (pdfs) for determining a UH has received much attention. In this study, a nonlinear optimization model is developed to transmute a UH into a pdf. The potential of six popular pdfs, namely two-parameter gamma, two-parameter Gumbel, two-parameter log-normal, two-parameter normal, three-parameter Pearson distribution, and two-parameter Weibull is tested on data from the Lighvan catchment in Iran. The probability distribution parameters are determined using the nonlinear least squares optimization method in two ways: (1) optimization by programming in Mathematica; and (2) optimization by applying genetic algorithm. The results are compared with those obtained by the traditional linear least squares method. The results show comparable capability and performance of two nonlinear methods. The gamma and Pearson distributions are the most successful models in preserving the rising and recession limbs of the unit hydographs. The log-normal distribution has a high ability in predicting both the peak flow and time to peak of the unit hydrograph. The nonlinear optimization method does not outperform the linear least squares method in determining the UH (especially for excess rainfall of one pulse), but is comparable.

Ultra-hydrophilic stent platforms promote early vascular healing and minimise late tissue response: a potential alternative to second-generation drug-eluting stents.

PubMed

Kolandaivelu, Kumaran; Bailey, Lynn; Buzzi, Stefano; Zucker, Arik; Milleret, Vincent; Ziogas, Algirdas; Ehrbar, Martin; Khattab, Ahmed A; Stanley, James R L; Wong, Gee K; Zani, Brett; Markham, Peter M; Tzafriri, Abraham R; Bhatt, Deepak L; Edelman, Elazer R

2017-04-20

Simple surface modifications can enhance coronary stent performance. Ultra-hydrophilic surface (UHS) treatment of contemporary bare metal stents (BMS) was assessed in vivo to verify whether such stents can provide long-term efficacy comparable to second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) while promoting healing comparably to BMS. UHS-treated BMS, untreated BMS and corresponding DES were tested for three commercial platforms. A thirty-day and a 90-day porcine coronary model were used to characterise late tissue response. Three-day porcine coronary and seven-day rabbit iliac models were used for early healing assessment. In porcine coronary arteries, hydrophilic treatment reduced intimal hyperplasia relative to the BMS and corresponding DES platforms (1.5-fold to threefold reduction in 30-day angiographic and histological stenosis; p<0.04). Endothelialisation was similar on UHS-treated BMS and untreated BMS, both in swine and rabbit models, and lower on DES. Elevation in thrombotic indices was infrequent (never observed with UHS, rare with BMS, most often with DES), but, when present, correlated with reduced endothelialisation (p<0.01). Ultra-hydrophilic surface treatment of contemporary stents conferred good healing while moderating neointimal and thrombotic responses. Such surfaces may offer safe alternatives to DES, particularly when rapid healing and short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) are crucial.

Coherent generation of the terrestrial kilometric radiation by nonlinear beatings between electrostatic waves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roux, A.; Pellat, R.

1978-01-01

The propagation of electrostatic plasma waves in an inhomogeneous and magnetized plasma was studied. These waves, which are driven unstable by auroral beams of electrons, are shown to suffer a further geometrical amplification while they propagate towards resonances. Simultaneously, their group velocities tend to be aligned with the geomagnetic field. It is shown that the electrostatic energy tends to accumulate at, or near omega sub LH and omega sub UH, the local lower and upper hybrid frequencies. Due to this process, large amplitude electrostatic waves with very narrow spectra are observed near these frequencies at any place along the auroral field lines where intense beam driven instability takes place. These intense quasi-monochromatic electrostatic waves are shown to give rise to an intense electromagnetic radiation. Depending upon the ratio omega sub pe/omega sub ce between the electron plasma frequency and the electron gyro-frequency the electromagnetic wave can be radiated in the ordinary mode (at omega sub UH), or in the extraordinary (at 2 omega sub UH). As the ratio omega sub pe/omega sub ce tends to be rather small, it is shown that the most intense radiation should be boserved at 2 omega sub UH in the extraordinary mode.

The Single Period Inventory Model: Origins, Solutions, Variations, and Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-01

IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 1977 Author Approved by: :c^L*S /y^td^US^C. f. :t.’.".S,. Chairman...Department of Operations Research Dean of Information/and Policy Sciences "•>.’• • . ABSTRACT The classic newspaper boy or single period inventory... Research , expended while assisting me in my thesis effort. I. INTRODUCTION This thesis is devoted to the origins and development of a single

Baccalaureate Origins of Education Doctorates around the World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Edna R.

This study focused on which countries (besides the United States) produced the most doctorates in the education field, based on data provided by the National Research Council. The study combined the baccalaureate origins of education doctorates with the rankings of countries, and considered each country's cultural, social, economic, and political…

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Origins, Constructs, and Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Joshua C.

In 1956, Dr. Albert Ellis presented his seminal work on Rational Therapy, subsequently renamed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in 1993. This paper explores the origins, theoretical foundations, applications, and implications of REBT and provides a look at the empirical research available in support of the approach's efficacy. REBT is…

Building, north side (original front), detail of original entrance. Camera ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Building, north side (original front), detail of original entrance. Camera facing south - Naval Supply Center, Broadway Complex, Administration Storehouse, 911 West Broadway, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

Spatial-Temporal Intelligence: Original Thinking Processes of Gifted Inventors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Eileen E.

2000-01-01

This psychological phenomenological research analyzed cognition of 7 adult inventors and proposes a theory of original, creative thinking. Spatial intelligence is reviewed. Results provide 7 findings, including cognitive, motivational, affective, and psychokinesthetic factors. Spatial-temporal intelligence is theorized as an abstract model of…

Blue Origin testing

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-20

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden (r) discusses the upcoming testing of Blue Origin's BE-3 engine thrust chamber assembly with Steve Knowles, Blue Origin project manager, at the E-1 Test Stand during an April 20, 2012, visit to Stennis Space Center. Blue Origin is one of NASA's partners developing innovative systems to reach low-Earth orbit.

A Link between ORC-Origin Binding Mechanisms and Origin Activation Time Revealed in Budding Yeast

PubMed Central

Hoggard, Timothy; Shor, Erika; Müller, Carolin A.; Nieduszynski, Conrad A.; Fox, Catherine A.

2013-01-01

Eukaryotic DNA replication origins are selected in G1-phase when the origin recognition complex (ORC) binds chromosomal positions and triggers molecular events culminating in the initiation of DNA replication (a.k.a. origin firing) during S-phase. Each chromosome uses multiple origins for its duplication, and each origin fires at a characteristic time during S-phase, creating a cell-type specific genome replication pattern relevant to differentiation and genome stability. It is unclear whether ORC-origin interactions are relevant to origin activation time. We applied a novel genome-wide strategy to classify origins in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on the types of molecular interactions used for ORC-origin binding. Specifically, origins were classified as DNA-dependent when the strength of ORC-origin binding in vivo could be explained by the affinity of ORC for origin DNA in vitro, and, conversely, as ‘chromatin-dependent’ when the ORC-DNA interaction in vitro was insufficient to explain the strength of ORC-origin binding in vivo. These two origin classes differed in terms of nucleosome architecture and dependence on origin-flanking sequences in plasmid replication assays, consistent with local features of chromatin promoting ORC binding at ‘chromatin-dependent’ origins. Finally, the ‘chromatin-dependent’ class was enriched for origins that fire early in S-phase, while the DNA-dependent class was enriched for later firing origins. Conversely, the latest firing origins showed a positive association with the ORC-origin DNA paradigm for normal levels of ORC binding, whereas the earliest firing origins did not. These data reveal a novel association between ORC-origin binding mechanisms and the regulation of origin activation time. PMID:24068963

Geographic origin of publications in radiological journals as a function of GDP and percentage of GDP spent on research.

PubMed

Halpenny, Darragh; Burke, John; McNeill, Graeme; Snow, Aisling; Torreggiani, William C

2010-06-01

The aim of this study was to examine the geographic origin of publications in the highest impacting radiology journals and to examine the link between the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on research by a country and the output of radiology publications. The five highest impacting general radiology journals (according to the ISI Web of Knowledge database) were selected over a 6-year period from January 2002 to December 2007. Publications were totaled according to the country of the corresponding author. Publications (total and corrected for population size) were assessed according to the GDP of a given country and the percentage of GDP spent on research in that country. Correlation was determined using Spearman's rank. In total, 10,925 papers were identified. The top 10 nations produced 83.9% of the total number of papers. The United States was the most prolific country, with 41.7% of the total. The second-ranked and third-ranked countries were Germany (11.6%) and Japan (6.7%). Corrected for GDP, smaller European countries outperformed larger nations. Switzerland (0.925 publications per billion of GDP), Austria (0.694 publications per billion of GDP), and Belgium (0.648 publications per billion of GDP) produced the most papers per billion of GDP. When corrected for percentage of GDP spent on research, European countries again ranked highest, with Greece, Turkey, and Belgium having the best ratios. The percentage of GDP spent on research was positively correlated with the number of publications in high-ranking radiology journals (r = 0.603, P < .001). The United States is the most productive country in absolute number of publications. The flaws of using population size to compare publication output are clear, and a comparison using GDP and the percentage of GDP spent on research may give more meaningful results. When GDP is taken into consideration, smaller European countries are more productive. The importance of investment in radiologic research is

Psychiatrists and neuroscientists of Indian origin in Canada: Glimpses

PubMed Central

Shrivastava, Amresh; Natarajan, D.

2010-01-01

Psychiatrists of Indian origin are popular in Canada, being firmly rooted in the Canadian mental health system, and they have been making considerable contributions internationally. The Indian Psychiatric Society has long been collaborating with and inviting contributions from overseas Indian psychiatrists, particularly those in academics, and this collaboration has fructified well. There are several different challenges these psychiatrists have had to face in their own specialty work, with having to adjust to a new culture, new ways of living, and new ways of work. Our colleagues of Indian origin have demonstrated excellence in almost all fields of mental health and neurosciences. There are many popular teachers, outstanding researchers, and psychiatrists in community practice and community development. The Early Psychosis Program, Mood and Anxiety Program, Perinatal Psychiatry, Women’s Mental Health, and Postpartum Mental Health are some of their key areas of research. Our basic scientists are involved in experimental design, neurochemistry, imaging, and genetics, where they have made their mark with acclaim. This article highlights some of the achievements of a few members and is by no means completely representative of the entire work that psychiatrists of Indian origin are doing in Canada, providing readers with a glimpse of our labors away from home. PMID:21836717

[Gender and age differences in waiting time on hospital waiting list.].

PubMed

Thornórðardóttir, Steinunn; Halldórsson, Matthías; Guðmundsson, Sigurður

2002-09-01

The size of waiting lists has traditionally been viewed as a fairly good measure of the quality of health care services. No statistical analysis exists in Iceland of the length of waiting times and the potential variation between groups of patients. This study was conducted within the office of the Directorate of Health in Iceland. This location was convenient since standardized information on waiting lists is collected by the office three times a year. Variations in waiting times were studied based on gender on the one hand and on age on the other. Data from the largest waiting lists, those amounting to 400 or more patients, were included in the study. The most frequently awaited operations were identified and the groups of people waiting for them analyzed. The departments and prospective operations included in the study were: Dept. of General Surgery at the University Hospital (UH) (laparoscopic gastro-oesophageal antireflux operation), Opthalmology at UH (phakoemulsification with implantation of artificial lens in posterior chamber), Orthopedic Surgery at UH (primary total prosthetic replacement of hip joint using sement), The Rehabilitation Center at Reykjalundur (rehabilitation, not specified), Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) at UH (tonsillectomy), and Reconstructive Surgery at UH (reduction mammoplasty with transposition of areola). The lists were sorted by gender and age, with the latter consisting of two categories, older and younger patients. Every attempt was made as to ensure similar sample sizes for both age groups within each department. Finally, the median waiting time was determined and a Mann-Whitney test conducted in order to test for significance. The median waiting time for males at the General Surgery Dept. was 73 weeks as compared to 60 weeks for females. This was the only department where the median waiting time was significantly longer for males than for females (p<0.05). At three of the departments the older group had a longer median waiting time

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. View of building 133 being moved; 1933. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. View of sawmill after earthquake of 1898. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Teachers' Perceptions, Attitudes and Feelings towards Pupils of Roma Origin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zachos, Dimitris T.

2017-01-01

In this paper, the focus is on schools' responses to multiculturalism. We present a research project that was designed to explore feelings, perceptions and attitudes of teachers towards pupils of Roma origin in two different Greek schools. Our research strategy involved case studies and in-depth semi-structured interview was our main research…

Original research in pathology: judgment, or evidence-based medicine?

PubMed

Crawford, James M

2007-02-01

literature is largely observational in nature, with reports of case series (with or without statistical analysis) constituting the majority of our 'evidence base'. Moreover, anatomic pathology is subject to 'interobserver variation', and potentially to 'error'. Taken further, individual interpretation of tissue samples is not an objective endeavor, and it is not easy to fulfill the role of a 'gold standard'. Both for rendering of an overall interpretation, and for providing the semi-quantitative and quantitative numerical 'scores' which support evidence-based clinical treatment algorithms, the Pathologist has to exercise a high level of interpretive judgment. Nevertheless, the contribution of anatomic pathology to 'EBM' is remarkably strong. To the extent that our judgmental interpretations become data, our tissue interpretations become the arbiters of patient care management decisions. In a more global sense, we support highly successful cancer screening programs, and play critical roles in the multidisciplinary management of complex patients. The true error is for the clinical practitioners of 'EBM' to forget the contribution to the supporting evidence base of the physicians that are Anatomic Pathologists. Finally, the academic productivity of pathology faculty who operate in the clinical realm must be considered. A survey of six North American academic pathology departments reveals that 26% of all papers published in 2005 came from 'unfunded' clinical faculty. While it is likely that their academic productivity is lower than that of 'funded' research faculty, the contribution of clinical faculty to the knowledge base for the practice of modern medicine, and to the academic reputation of the department, must not be overlooked. The ability of clinical faculty in academic departments of pathology to pursue original scholarship must be supported if our specialty is to retain its preeminence as an investigative scientific discipline in the age of EBM.

The origin and evolution of model organisms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hedges, S. Blair

2002-01-01

The phylogeny and timescale of life are becoming better understood as the analysis of genomic data from model organisms continues to grow. As a result, discoveries are being made about the early history of life and the origin and development of complex multicellular life. This emerging comparative framework and the emphasis on historical patterns is helping to bridge barriers among organism-based research communities.

Role of EPA in Asset Management Research – The Aging Water Infrastructure Research Program

EPA Science Inventory

This slide presentation provides an overview of the EPA Office of Research and Development’s Aging Water infrastructure Research Program (AWIRP). The research program origins, goals, products, and plans are described. The research program focuses on four areas: condition asses...

Interdisciplinary Laboratory Course Facilitating Knowledge Integration, Mutualistic Teaming, and Original Discovery.

PubMed

Full, Robert J; Dudley, Robert; Koehl, M A R; Libby, Thomas; Schwab, Cheryl

2015-11-01

Experiencing the thrill of an original scientific discovery can be transformative to students unsure about becoming a scientist, yet few courses offer authentic research experiences. Increasingly, cutting-edge discoveries require an interdisciplinary approach not offered in current departmental-based courses. Here, we describe a one-semester, learning laboratory course on organismal biomechanics offered at our large research university that enables interdisciplinary teams of students from biology and engineering to grow intellectually, collaborate effectively, and make original discoveries. To attain this goal, we avoid traditional "cookbook" laboratories by training 20 students to use a dozen research stations. Teams of five students rotate to a new station each week where a professor, graduate student, and/or team member assists in the use of equipment, guides students through stages of critical thinking, encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, and moves them toward authentic discovery. Weekly discussion sections that involve the entire class offer exchange of discipline-specific knowledge, advice on experimental design, methods of collecting and analyzing data, a statistics primer, and best practices for writing and presenting scientific papers. The building of skills in concert with weekly guided inquiry facilitates original discovery via a final research project that can be presented at a national meeting or published in a scientific journal. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

21. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) ERECTION PLAN-PIER NO. 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 4, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. Isometric drawing, "early plan for Mare Island", 1870. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

The Viability of Ethnographic Research for Hispanic Consumer Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asahina, Roberta R.

A study explored whether ethnographic research is appropriate and feasible for Hispanic consumer research. Subjects, 41 Hispanic advertising executives (out of an original group of 80) in advertising agencies listed in the Standard Directory of Advertising Agencies from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, and San Antonio, answered a 23-item…

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. View of waterfront during World War II; N.D. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

19. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) BRIDGES BETWEEN WAREHOUSE A AND PIERS - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Ground-Based Observations of 9P/Tempel 1 - The Deep Impact Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meech, K. J.; Bauer, J. M.; A'Hearn, M. F.

1999-09-01

The Deep Impact mission, one of the two recently approved Discovery missions, will deliver a 500 kg copper projectile to the comet 9P/Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, to excavate a crater. The goal will be to watch the cratering event, measure the change in activity level caused by the impact, and will be the first experiment to sample deeply below the surface of a comet. In preparation for a successful mission, we will begin a vigorous ground-based observing campaign to characterize the nucleus of 9P/Tempel 1. The ground-based observations will characterize the pre-impact activity levels for comparison after the impact, characterize the nucleus in terms of a rotational light curve and pole position, get an estimate of the nucleus size and albedo, model the dust production rates, and search for the appearance of gaseous species as the comet approaches perihelion. The observing campaign as already begun with some intensive observations of the comet during the following observing runs: UT Date & Nts & Telescope & r[AU] & No. & Exp 12/97 & 1 &Keck II & 4.48 & 2 & 240 1/98 & 1 &UH 2.2m & 4.44 & 7 & 4200 2/98 & 1 &CTIO1.5m & 4.36 & 3 & 1800 4/98 & 2 &UH 2.2m & 4.26 & 8 & 4800 1/99 & 6 &UH 2.2m & 3.14 &133 &17220 3/99 & 4 &UH 2.2m & 2.88 &181 &54000 5/99 & 2 &UH 2.2m & 2.47 & 9 & 810 7 /99 & 2 &UH 2.2m & 2.19 & 9 & 1620 The 1999 January and March observations were made to search for the rotation period of the comet, as well as to obtain deep images to model the coma. The results of the rotational light curve observations will be presented, as well as a compilation of the heliocentric light curve from the data from earlier epochs. In addition, a detailed, comprehensive multi-wavelength ground-based observing plan will be presented to characterize the nucleus before the 2005 July 4 Deep Impact encounter with the comet. This project has been funded through the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program to date, NAG 4494.

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. View of ammunition depot from across Mare Island Strait; 1961. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

15. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) TYPICAL DETAILS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

13. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) ARMY SUPPLY BASE-PLAN OF CONSTRUCTION PLANT - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

14. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) SECTIONS AND DETAILS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

750 GeV diphotons: implications for supersymmetric unification II

DOE PAGES

Hall, Lawrence J.; Harigaya, Keisuke; Nomura, Yasunori

2016-07-29

Perturbative supersymmetric gauge coupling unification is possible in six theories where complete SU (5) TeV-scale multiplets of vector matter account for the size of the reported 750 GeV diphoton resonance, interpreted as a singlet multiplet S=(s+ia)/√2. One of these has a full generation of vector matter and a unified gauge coupling αG ~ 1. The diphoton signal rate is enhanced by loops of vector squarks and sleptons, especially when the trilinear A couplings are large. If the SH uH d coupling is absent, both s and a can contribute to the resonance, which may then have a large apparent widthmore » if the mass splitting from s and a arises from loops of vector matter. The width depends sensitively on A parameters and phases of the vector squark and slepton masses. Vector quarks and/or squarks are expected to be in reach of the LHC. If the SH uH d coupling is present, a leads to a narrow diphoton resonance, while a second resonance with decays s → hh, W +W – , ZZ is likely to be discovered at future LHC runs. In some of the theories a non-standard origin or running of the soft parameters is required, for example involving conformal hidden sector interactions.« less

Black Hats and White Hats: The Effect of Organizational Culture and Institutional Identity on the Twenty-third Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

comments, and insight. Finally, I must offer a special thank-you to Gen Norton Schwartz; Brig Gen Eric Fiel; Col Tracy “Moose” Amos; Col Dennis...the two communities, their institutional histories have played a significant role in their organizational development. According to Col Ken Pribyla...Low IIIs, UH-60 Blackhawks (the Army’s first operational company of UH-60s), CH-47C Chi- nooks from the 101st Airborne Division, and OH-6 Loach

Life Forecasting as a Logistics Technique.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

Two examples of RCM applications were investigated directly by the MIT project team: the T53-L-13B engine for the UH -lH Helicopter and the M- 60 Tank...for RCM activities. The candidate systems and the respective 4 readiness commands were the UH -lH helicopter (TSARCOM), TOY Weapon System (MIRCOM), M...have capability for developing Failure Modes and Effects Analyses ( FMEA ). 5. Accurate and dependable field or test data are generally not available. 6

Non-Equilibrium Sediment Transport Modeling - Extensions and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

which considers the bed slope effect but can be lumped in the Manning’s n coefficient.      2 2 2 1/3 1 2 s b t t Uh U h UVh t x y z n m UUU U...n m UUU U h h gh gh g x x y y x x h C C C UhC m q U h h x x y y p L

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. Coal sheds with coals; 1906. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Coal Sheds, Waterfront Avenue, northwest corner of Waterfront Avenue & Fourth Street, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

16. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) DETAILS OF INSHORE ENDS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

17. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) DETAILS OF OUTSHORE ENDS-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

35. ORIGINAL DRAWING, COURT ELEVATION (FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. ORIGINAL DRAWING, COURT ELEVATION (FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL PLANT, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY) - Georgetown University, Healy Building, Thirty-seventh & O Streets, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Phenomenology in Its Original Sense.

PubMed

van Manen, Max

2017-05-01

In this article, I try to think through the question, "What distinguishes phenomenology in its original sense?" My intent is to focus on the project and methodology of phenomenology in a manner that is not overly technical and that may help others to further elaborate on or question the singular features that make phenomenology into a unique qualitative form of inquiry. I pay special attention to the notion of "lived" in the phenomenological term "lived experience" to demonstrate its critical role and significance for understanding phenomenological reflection, meaning, analysis, and insights. I also attend to the kind of experiential material that is needed to focus on a genuine phenomenological question that should guide any specific research project. Heidegger, van den Berg, and Marion provide some poignant exemplars of the use of narrative "examples" in phenomenological explorations of the phenomena of "boredom," "conversation," and "the meaningful look in eye-contact." Only what is given or what gives itself in lived experience (or conscious awareness) are proper phenomenological "data" or "givens," but these givens are not to be confused with data material that can be coded, sorted, abstracted, and accordingly analyzed in some "systematic" manner. The latter approach to experiential research may be appropriate and worthwhile for various types of qualitative inquiry but not for phenomenology in its original sense. Finally, I use the mythical figure of Kairos to show that the famous phenomenological couplet of the epoché-reduction aims for phenomenological insights that require experiential analysis and attentive (but serendipitous) methodical inquiry practices.

A new collimator for I-123-IMP SPECT imaging of the brain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oyamada, H.; Fukukita, H.; Tanaka, E.

1985-05-01

At present, commercially available I-123-IMP is contaminated with I-124 and its concentration on the assay date is said to be approximately 5%. Therefore, the application of medium energy parallel hole collimator (MEPC) used in many places for SPECT results in deterioration of the image quality. Recently, the authors have developed a new collimator for I-123-IMP SPECT imaging comprised of 4 slat type units; ultrahigh resolution (UHR), high resolution (HR), high sensitivity (HS), and ultrahigh sensitivity (UHS). The slit width/septum thickness in mm for UHR, HR, HS, and UHS are 0.9/0.5, 1.5/0.85, 3.2/1.5, and 5.2/2.0, respectively. In practice, either UHR ormore » HR is set to the detector (Shimadzu LFOV-E, modified type) together with either HS or UHS. The former is always set to the detector with the slit direction parallel to the rotation axis, and the latter is set with its slit direction at a right angle to the former. This is based on an idea that, upon sacrifice of resolution to some extent, sensitivity can be gained on the axial direction while the resolution on the transaxial slice will still be sufficiently preserved. Resolutions (transaxial direction/axial direction) in FWHM (mm) for each combination (UHR-HS, UHR-UHS, HR-HS, and HR-UHS) were 15.9/31.4, 15.9/36.5,23.2/33.3, and 23.9/40.7, respectively, whereas the resolution of MEPC was 28.7/29.5. On the other hand, relative sensitivities to MEPC were 0.57, 0.86, 0.80, and 1.16. The authors conclude that the combination of UHR and HS is best suited for clinical practice and, at present they are obtaining I-123-IMP SPECT images of good quality.« less

Investigation of aquaporins and apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra-high b-values in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy.

PubMed

Wang, Yu; Zhang, Heng; Zhang, Ruzhi; Zhao, Zhoushe; Xu, Ziqian; Wang, Lei; Liu, Rongbo; Gao, Fabao

2017-01-01

To assess kidney damage in a rat model of type-2 diabetic nephropathy based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data obtained from ultra-high b-values and discuss its relationship to the expression of aquaporins (AQPs). This study was approved by the institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into two groups: (1) untreated controls and (2) diabetes mellitus (DM). All rats underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with 18 b-values (0-4500 s/mm 2 ). Maps of low ADC (ADC low ), standard ADC (ADC st ) and ultra-high ADC (ADC uh ) were calculated from low b-values (0-200 s/mm 2 ), standard b-values (300-1500 s/mm 2 ) and ultra-high b-values (1700-4500 s/mm 2 ), respectively. The expression of AQPs in the kidneys was studied using immunohistochemistry. Laboratory parameters of diabetic and kidney functions, ADC low , ADC st , ADC uh , and the optical density (OD) of AQP expression in the two groups were compared using an independent t test. Correlations between ADCs and the OD of AQP expression were evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis. ADC uh were significantly higher in the cortex (CO), outer stripe of the outer medulla (OS) and inner stripe of the outer medulla (IS), and the OD values of AQ-2 were significantly higher in the OS, IS and inner medulla (IM) in DM animals compared with control animals. ADC uh and OD values of AQP-2 expression were positively correlated in the OS, IS and IM of the kidney. ADC uh may work as useful metrics for early detection of kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy and may be associated with AQP-2 expression.

Using ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography to achieve comprehensive depth resolved microvasculature mapping for human retina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, Lin; Shen, Tueng T.; Wang, Ruikang K.

2011-10-01

This paper presents comprehensive and depth-resolved retinal microvasculature images within human retina achieved by a newly developed ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG) system. Due to its high flow sensitivity, UHS-OMAG is much more sensitive to tissue motion due to the involuntary movement of the human eye and head compared to the traditional OMAG system. To mitigate these motion artifacts on final imaging results, we propose a new phase compensation algorithm in which the traditional phase-compensation algorithm is repeatedly used to efficiently minimize the motion artifacts. Comparatively, this new algorithm demonstrates at least 8 to 25 times higher motion tolerability, critical for the UHS-OMAG system to achieve retinal microvasculature images with high quality. Furthermore, the new UHS-OMAG system employs a high speed line scan CMOS camera (240 kHz A-line scan rate) to capture 500 A-lines for one B-frame at a 400 Hz frame rate. With this system, we performed a series of in vivo experiments to visualize the retinal microvasculature in humans. Two featured imaging protocols are utilized. The first is of the low lateral resolution (16 μm) and a wide field of view (4 × 3 mm2 with single scan and 7 × 8 mm2 for multiple scans), while the second is of the high lateral resolution (5 μm) and a narrow field of view (1.5 × 1.2 mm2 with single scan). The great imaging performance delivered by our system suggests that UHS-OMAG can be a promising noninvasive alternative to the current clinical retinal microvasculature imaging techniques for the diagnosis of eye diseases with significant vascular involvement, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

18. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of original drawing by Cass Gilbert, 1918 (original in possession of NYC Economic Development Corp.) PLANS AND SECTIONS, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT-PIERS 2, 3, AND 4 - Brooklyn Army Supply Base, Pier 2, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. Building H1; 1920. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Hospital Headquarters, Johnson Lane, west side at intersection of Johnson Lane & Cossey Street, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Geochemistry and origin of regional dolomites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanson, G.N.; Meyers, W.J.

1991-01-01

This grant supports the geochemical aspects of the research directed by Profs. W.J. Meyers and G.N. Hanson on the origins of regional dolomites. The field aspects and the stipend for most of the graduate students is provided by donations from oil companies and by grants from NSF and ACS-PRF. Eleven graduate students are involved in dolomite projects allowing diverse range of studies. Each student's results provide new insights to the others which invigorates all of the studies.

Father involvement in Mexican-origin families: Preliminary development of a culturally informed measure.

PubMed

Roubinov, Danielle S; Luecken, Linda J; Gonzales, Nancy A; Crnic, Keith A

2016-04-01

An increasing body of research has documented the significant influence of father involvement on children's development and overall well-being. However, extant research has predominately focused on middle-class Caucasian samples with little examination of fathering in ethnic minority and low-income families, particularly during the infancy period. The present study evaluated measures of early father involvement (paternal engagement, accessibility, and responsibility) that were adapted to capture important cultural values relevant to the paternal role in Mexican-origin families. A sample of 180 Mexican-origin mothers (M age = 28.3) and 83 Mexican-origin fathers (M age = 31.5) were interviewed during the perinatal period. Descriptive analyses indicated that Mexican-origin fathers are involved in meaningful levels of direct interaction with their infant. A 2-factor model of paternal responsibility was supported by factor analyses, consisting of a behavioral responsibility factor aligned with previous literature and culturally derived positive machismo factor. Qualities of the romantic relationship, cultural orientation, and maternal employment status were related to indices of father involvement. These preliminary results contribute to understanding of the transition to fatherhood among low-income Mexican-origin men and bring attention to the demographic, social, and cultural contexts in which varying levels of father involvement may emerge. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Correlate Life Predictions and Condition Indicators in Helicopter Tail Gearbox Bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dempsey, Paula J.; Bolander, Nathan; Haynes, Chris; Branning, Jeremy; Wade, Daniel R.

2010-01-01

Research to correlate bearing remaining useful life (RUL) predictions with Helicopter Health Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) condition indicators (CI) to indicate the damage state of a transmission component has been developed. Condition indicators were monitored and recorded on UH-60M (Black Hawk) tail gearbox output shaft thrust bearings, which had been removed from helicopters and installed in a bearing spall propagation test rig. Condition indicators monitoring the tail gearbox output shaft thrust bearings in UH-60M helicopters were also recorded from an on-board HUMS. The spal-lpropagation data collected in the test rig was used to generate condition indicators for bearing fault detection. A damage progression model was also developed from this data. Determining the RUL of this component in a helicopter requires the CI response to be mapped to the damage state. The data from helicopters and a test rig were analyzed to determine if bearing remaining useful life predictions could be correlated with HUMS condition indicators (CI). Results indicate data fusion analysis techniques can be used to map the CI response to the damage levels.

Language and the origin of numerical concepts.

PubMed

Gelman, Rochel; Gallistel, C R

2004-10-15

Reports of research with the Pirahã and Mundurukú Amazonian Indians of Brazil lend themselves to discussions of the role of language in the origin of numerical concepts. The research findings indicate that, whether or not humans have an extensive counting list, they share with nonverbal animals a language-independent representation of number, with limited, scale-invariant precision. What causal role, then, does knowledge of the language of counting serve? We consider the strong Whorfian proposal, that of linguistic determinism; the weak Whorfian hypothesis, that language influences how we think; and that the "language of thought" maps to spoken language or symbol systems.

Accomplishments in Cuban Physics (up to 1995)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Handy, Carlos R.; Trallero-Giner, Carlos

In late October 1995, one of the authors (CRH) paid a personal visit to Cuba. While there, he took advantage of a longstanding invitation to present a research seminar to the Cuban Physics Society. With respect to the development of physics in Cuba, curiosity led to subsequent visits to various centers including the University of Havana (UH), the Pedagogical Institute, the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), the Institute for Cybernetics, Mathematics, and Physics (ICIMAF), the Polytechnic Institute (ISPJAE), the Neuroscience Center, and the National Center for Scientific Research (CNIC).

Teaching Research Skills to Student Pharmacists in One Semester: An Applied Research Elective.

PubMed

Perez, Alexandra; Rabionet, Silvia; Bleidt, Barry

2017-02-25

Objectives. To implement and assess the effectiveness of a 15-week applied research elective that introduced students to secondary database analysis in clinical pharmacy. Design. In small groups, students learned, planned, developed and completed a secondary database study to answer an original research question. During one semester, they completed a basic research proposal and Institutional Review Board application, created and analyzed a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample dataset, and reported the results in an abstract and poster presentation. Assessment. All deliverables resulted in high grades. Mean scores on a survey conducted following completion of the course revealed that students strongly agreed or agreed that they had high levels of confidence about performing research-related tasks. Eight student groups delivered poster presentations at professional conferences. Conclusions. Within one semester, student pharmacists with no or little research experience completed original research projects that contributed to pharmacy practice knowledge. They felt highly confident doing research-related tasks, and successfully disseminated their studies beyond the classroom.

The Enigmatic Origin of Papillomavirus Protein Domains

PubMed Central

Kirsip, Heleri; Gaston, Kevin

2017-01-01

Almost a century has passed since the discovery of papillomaviruses. A few decades of research have given a wealth of information on the molecular biology of papillomaviruses. Several excellent studies have been performed looking at the long- and short-term evolution of these viruses. However, when and how papillomaviruses originate is still a mystery. In this study, we systematically searched the (sequenced) biosphere to find distant homologs of papillomaviral protein domains. Our data show that, even including structural information, which allows us to find deeper evolutionary relationships compared to sequence-only based methods, only half of the protein domains in papillomaviruses have relatives in the rest of the biosphere. We show that the major capsid protein L1 and the replication protein E1 have relatives in several viral families, sharing three protein domains with Polyomaviridae and Parvoviridae. However, only the E1 replication protein has connections with cellular organisms. Most likely, the papillomavirus ancestor is of marine origin, a biotope that is not very well sequenced at the present time. Nevertheless, there is no evidence as to how papillomaviruses originated and how they became vertebrate and epithelium specific. PMID:28832519

The Enigmatic Origin of Papillomavirus Protein Domains.

PubMed

Puustusmaa, Mikk; Kirsip, Heleri; Gaston, Kevin; Abroi, Aare

2017-08-23

Almost a century has passed since the discovery of papillomaviruses. A few decades of research have given a wealth of information on the molecular biology of papillomaviruses. Several excellent studies have been performed looking at the long- and short-term evolution of these viruses. However, when and how papillomaviruses originate is still a mystery. In this study, we systematically searched the (sequenced) biosphere to find distant homologs of papillomaviral protein domains. Our data show that, even including structural information, which allows us to find deeper evolutionary relationships compared to sequence-only based methods, only half of the protein domains in papillomaviruses have relatives in the rest of the biosphere. We show that the major capsid protein L1 and the replication protein E1 have relatives in several viral families, sharing three protein domains with Polyomaviridae and Parvoviridae . However, only the E1 replication protein has connections with cellular organisms. Most likely, the papillomavirus ancestor is of marine origin, a biotope that is not very well sequenced at the present time. Nevertheless, there is no evidence as to how papillomaviruses originated and how they became vertebrate and epithelium specific.

Planetary Origin Evolution and Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevenson, David J.

2005-01-01

This wide-ranging grant supported theoretical modeling on many aspects of the formation, evolution and structure of planets and satellites. Many topics were studied during this grant period, including the evolution of icy bodies; the origin of magnetic fields in Ganymede; the thermal histories of terrestrial planets; the nature of flow inside giant planets (especially the coupling to the magnetic field) and the dynamics of silicate/iron mixing during giant impacts and terrestrial planet core formation. Many of these activities are ongoing and have not reached completion. This is the nature of this kind of research.

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: South (front) elevation / Alterations and Additions (n.d.) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

[PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY: ORIGINS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS OF THE RESEARCH].

PubMed

Zaprudnov, A M; Kharitonova, L A; Grigoriev, K I; Bogomaz, L V

2015-01-01

The nomenclature of digestive diseases in children was supplemented by the "new" diseases: of esophagus--gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, Zenker's diverticulum; of stomach and duodenum--gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer disease, polyps, ectopic pancreas in the stomach wall; of the intestine--jejunitis, ileocolitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth syndrome in the small intestine; of biliary tract--cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, anomalies of the biliary tract; of pancreas--acute and chronic pancreatitis, annular pancreas (2). The features of gastrointestinal diseases in children experiencing the action of factors, not always positively affecting the growing organism, were established. These features include: presence of allergic background; high level of neuro-autonomous and psycho-emotional changes in modern children, not only in schoolchildren, but even in preschoolers; polymorbidity or a combination (syntropy) of lesions of the digestive system; adverse outcomes of certain diseases as chronization, complications development, and as a consequence--a high risk of disability in children; "rejuvenation" of certain diseases of the digestive system (cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterosis, Crohn's disease), typical for adults. It is important to emphasize the clinical and social importance of gastroenterological diseases in childhood. Axiomatic is that the origins of many diseases of the digestive organs in adults lie in childhood. Early manifestation of certain diseases such as peptic ulcer disease, gluten enteropathy, Crohn's disease, and others, significantly impact the quality of life of sick children and their parents. It is worth to emphasize high costs of medical and prophylactic (tertiary prevention) activities using the drugs of latest generations. All this causes problems in both applied and scientific pediatric gastroenterology.

Simultaneous quantitative analyses of indole and oxindole alkaloids of Uncaria Hook in rat plasma and brain after oral administration of the traditional Japanese medicine Yokukansan using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Kushida, Hirotaka; Fukutake, Miwako; Tabuchi, Masahiro; Katsuhara, Takao; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Ikarashi, Yasushi; Kanitani, Masanao; Kase, Yoshio

2013-12-01

Uncaria Hook (UH) alkaloids are involved in the beneficial effects of Yokukansan. However, the pharmacokinetics of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we developed and validated a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of seven UH alkaloids (corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether) in rat plasma and brain. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, chromatographic separation was performed using an Ascentis Express RP-amide column, with gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile at 0.3 mL/min. All analytes in the plasma and brain showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.995). Intra-day and inter-day variations of each constituent were 8.6 and 8.0% or less in the plasma, and 14.9 and 15.0% or less in the brain, respectively. The validated LC/MS/MS method was applied in the pharmacokinetic studies of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan to rats. In the plasma, rhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether were detected, but only geissoschizine methyl ether was detected in the brain. These results suggest that geissoschizine methyl ether is an important constituent of the pharmacological effects of Yokukansan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: Foundation Plan / Alterations and Additions (dated: 7/17/14) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: First Floor Plan / Alterations and Additions (dated: 7/17/14) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: First Floor Plan / Alterations and Additions (dated: 5/1913) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

9. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated February 1932 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated February 1932 (original print in possession of Veterans Administration, Oakland Branch, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). DRAWING 103-26 -- PLOT PLAN -- SHOWING NEW CONSTRUCTION - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, 5103 Delafield Avenue (O'Hara Township), Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (original located at Mare Island Archives). Original photographer unknown. Lithograph of Mare Island, "showing the works already completed in the Navy Yard and the US. Frigate "Independence"; 1855. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, East of Nave Drive, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Recombination Origin of Retrovirus XMRV | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) was first reported in samples from a human prostate tumor in 2006, and, at that time, claims were made that XMRV infection rates ranged from 6 to 27 percent of human prostate cancers.  Later research reported XMRV in the blood of 67 percent of people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). When follow-up studies failed to

[The Evolutionary Origin of Placodes and Neural Crest Cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bronner-Fraser, Marianne

2003-01-01

The long-term goal of this NASA-supported research is to understand the evolutionary origin of placodes and neural crest cells, with particular reference to evolution of the inner ear, and their evolutionary and developmental relationships. The cephalochordcate amphioxus, the closest living invertebrate relative of the vertebrates is used as a stand-in for the ancestral vertebrate. The research, which has supported one graduate student, Jr-Kai Yu, has resulted in ten publications by the Holland laboratory in peer-reviewed journals.

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: Second Floor Plan (dated: 5/1/25, rev. 9/28/42) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

55. Photograph of Original Plan (original plans in the possession ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

55. Photograph of Original Plan (original plans in the possession of the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal Corporation) BAGGAGE AND EXPRESS UNITY, STREET LEVEL FLOOR PLAN, SECTION III - Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal, Tracks & Shed, 800 North Alameda Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

Bilateral subclavian origin of the bronchial arteries combined with absence of other origins.

PubMed

Jie, Bing; Sun, Xi-Wen; Yu, Dong; Jiang, Sen

2014-08-01

There are numerous anatomical variations of the sites of origin of the bronchial arteries (BAs). A subclavian origin of a BA involves an aberrant artery that originates from the subclavian artery (SCA) or its branches. However, the aberrant artery usually originates directly from the SCA, and an SCA-origin BA arising from the branches of the SCA is rare. We herein present an extremely rare case of a right BA arising from the ipsilateral costocervical trunk, and a left BA arising from the ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk, in the absence of other origins of the BA. This anatomical variation was detected during pretherapeutic evaluation by multidetector-row computed tomography and confirmed by selective angiography. Recognition of these anatomic variations is important to surgical, diagnostic, and interventional radiologic procedures in the thorax.

Tests with an integrated helmet system for the TIGER helicopter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boehm, Hans-Dieter V.; Evers, Carl; Stenner, K.-H.

1998-08-01

The TIGER helicopter is under development by the MODs of France and Germany for their armies. The initial German requirement was for anti-tank missions only. This task has been extended to support missions which resulted in an upgrade to the German 'UH-TIGER' variant. German MOD is planning to procure 212 UH-TIGER helicopters armed with TRIGAT-, HOT anti-tank missiles, STINGER air-to-air missiles, 68 mm rockets and a gun pod with a 12.7 mm gun.

The origin of Ceratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus

Treesearch

Jennifer Juzwik; Thomas C. Harrington; William L. MacDonald; David N. Appel

2008-01-01

The oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, may be another example of a damaging, exotic species in forest ecosystems in the United States. Though C. fagacearum has received much research attention, the origin of the fungus is unknown. The pathogen may have been endemic at a low incidence until increased disturbances, changes...

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: Basement Floor Plan / Alterations and Additions (dated 5/1913). Proposed plan - not used - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photograph of original drawing (original in possession of National Passenger Railroad Corporation). STATION BUILDING: Ground Floor Plan / Alterations and Additions (dated: 7/17/14, rev. 10/21/14) - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

13. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated November 1932 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated November 1932 (original print in possession of Veterans Administration, Oakland Branch, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). DRAWING 32-3 -- ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BUILDING NO. 32 -- FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR PLANS. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

12. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated November 1932 (original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated November 1932 (original print in possession of Veterans Administration, Oakland Branch, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). DRAWING 32-2 -- ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BUILDING NO. 32 -- BASEMENT PLAN AND CUPOLA DETAIL. - VA Medical Center, Aspinwall Division, Administration Building, 5103 Delafield Avenue, Aspinwall, Allegheny County, PA

The Army Family Research Program: Origin, Purpose, and Accomplishments

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

transition: Technological change. New York: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Lakhani, H. A. (1990). Effect of perceptions of leadership per...families the progress that had been made in solving these concerns. GEN John A. Wickham, Jr. (the new CSA) also prepared a position paper that outlined...products would be formally reviewed by CFSC. ARI first envisioned that the family research would be conducted by new staff specially recruited for their

Post-Monolingual Research Methodology: Multilingual Researchers Democratizing Theorizing and Doctoral Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Michael

2017-01-01

This paper reports on the ground-breaking research in the study of languages in doctoral education. It argues for democratizing the production and dissemination of original contributions to knowledge through activating and mobilizing multilingual Higher Degree Researchers' (HDRs) capabilities for theorizing through them using their full linguistic…

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, San Bruno, California, Navy # A-21). Dept. of the Navy District Public Works Office, "additions, floor plan, elevations & details; architectural, mechanical & electrical," May 1963. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, St. Peter's Chapel, Walnut Street & Cedar Parkway, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

23. Photocopy of Original Drawing (original in Michigan Department of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Photocopy of Original Drawing (original in Michigan Department of Transportation, 425 West Ottawa, Lansing, MI 48909), Bridge X2 of 11-2-21, Sheet 9, July 23, 1935. ELEVATION AND CLEARANCE DIAGRAM, CENTER SPAN - State Route M-139 Bridge, Spanning Ox Creek, Fair Plain, Berrien County, MI

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, San Bruno, California, Navy # 104-A-22), showing current floor plan. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, "Record drawing, N.D. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, St. Peter's Chapel, Walnut Street & Cedar Parkway, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

16. Photocopy of original USRS photograph (from original print in ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of original USRS photograph (from original print in the Umatilla Project History 1918, on file at National Archives, Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado) Photographer unknown, ca. 1918. Office of U.S. Reclamation Service - Hermiston, Umatilla Project, Oregon - Former Umatilla Project Headquarters Buildings, Office, Hermiston, Umatilla County, OR

Conscientiousness: Origins in Childhood?

PubMed Central

Eisenberg, Nancy; Duckworth, Angela L.; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Valiente, Carlos

2012-01-01

In this review, we evaluate developmental and personality research with the aim of determining if the personality trait of conscientiousness can be identified in children and adolescents. After concluding that conscientiousness does emerge in childhood, we discuss the developmental origins of conscientiousness with a specific focus on self-regulation, academic motivation, and internalized compliance/internalization of standards. Based on the accumulated body of evidence, we conclude that self-regulation fosters conscientiousness later in life, both directly and via academic motivation and internalized compliance with norms. We argue that elements of conscientiousness are evident by early childhood, self-regulation skills are likely a core developmental component of conscientiousness, and despite the contribution of heredity to the aforementioned aspects of functioning, environmental factors likely contribute to conscientiousness. PMID:23244405

Sustainability and wildland fire: The origins of Forest Service Wildland Fire Research

Treesearch

Diane M. Smith

2017-01-01

On June 1, 2015, the Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Branch of Research. Established in 1915 to centralize and elevate the pursuit of research throughout the agency, the Branch of Research focused on everything from silvicultural investigations conducted by the experiment stations to...

Developmental plasticity and the origin of species differences

PubMed Central

West-Eberhard, Mary Jane

2005-01-01

Speciation is the origin of reproductive isolation and divergence between populations, according to the “biological species concept” of Mayr. Studies of reproductive isolation have dominated research on speciation, leaving the origin of species differences relatively poorly understood. Here, I argue that the origin of species differences, and of novel phenotypes in general, involves the reorganization of ancestral phenotypes (developmental recombination) followed by the genetic accommodation of change. Because selection acts on phenotypes, not directly on genotypes or genes, novel traits can originate by environmental induction as well as mutation, then undergo selection and genetic accommodation fueled by standing genetic variation or by subsequent mutation and genetic recombination. Insofar as phenotypic novelties arise from adaptive developmental plasticity, they are not “random” variants, because their initial form reflects adaptive responses with an evolutionary history, even though they are initiated by mutations or novel environmental factors that are random with respect to (future) adaptation. Change in trait frequency involves genetic accommodation of the threshold or liability for expression of a novel trait, a process that follows rather than directs phenotypic change. Contrary to common belief, environmentally initiated novelties may have greater evolutionary potential than mutationally induced ones. Thus, genes are probably more often followers than leaders in evolutionary change. Species differences can originate before reproductive isolation and contribute to the process of speciation itself. Therefore, the genetics of speciation can profit from studies of changes in gene expression as well as changes in gene frequency and genetic isolation. PMID:15851679

Spectroscopy methods for identifying the country of origin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hondrogiannis, Ellen; Ehrlinger, Erin; Miziolek, Andrzej W.

2013-05-01

There is a need in many industries and government functions to identify the source of origin for various materials. For example, the food industry needs to ensure that the claimed source of some of the food products (e.g. coffee, spices) are in fact legitimate due to the variation of quality from different source locations world-wide. Another example is to identify the source country for imported commodities going through Customs so as to assess the correct tariff which varies depending on the source country. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) holds promise for being a field-portable tool for rapid identification of the country of origin of various materials. Recent research at Towson University has identified the elemental markers needed for discrimination of select spices back to their country of origin using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). The WDXRF device, however, is not particularly suitable for convenient and fast field analysis. We are extending this study to evaluate the potential of a benchtop commercial LIBS device that could be located at ports of entry and to compare its performance with WDXRF. Our initial study on the spice cumin has demonstrated that discriminant function models can not only be created with 100% separation between the 4 countries of origin (China, India, Syria, and Turkey), but also when tested they show 100% correct matching to the country of origin. This study adds to the growing number of publications that indicate the power of LIBS elemental fingerprinting for provenance determinations.

Social Origins and Attitudinal Effects on Educational Status Attainment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, John K.; And Others

Research objectives were to present and analyze a causal model of educational attainment and to include with parental socioeconomic status the number of siblings as an intervening social origin variable impacting on attitudes and attainment. Data were obtained from a three-wave longitudinal study (1966, 1968, and 1972) of 221 white nonmetropolitan…

114. Photocopy of original construction drawing, 14 August 1935. (Original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

114. Photocopy of original construction drawing, 14 August 1935. (Original print in the possession of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, OR.) (M-5-8, Sheet No. 14) SPILLWAY DAM FISHWAY ENTRANCE BAY DIFFUSION CHAMBER BEAN DETAILS. - Bonneville Project, Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

What Can We Learn from the Study of Mexican-Origin Families in the U.S.?

PubMed Central

Updegraff, Kimberly A.; Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J.

2015-01-01

Mexican-origin families are a large and rapidly increasing subgroup of the U.S. population, but they remain underrepresented in family scholarship. This paper introduces a special section of four papers on Mexican-origin families designed to contribute to the advancement of research on how cultural, family, and gender socialization processes unfold across key developmental periods and life transitions in this cultural context. Two longitudinal studies of Mexican-origin families provided the data for these four papers: (a) The Juntos Project, an eight-year longitudinal study of mothers, fathers, and adolescent sibling pairs in 246 Mexican-origin families; and (b) The Supporting MAMI Project, a study following 204 adolescent mothers and their mother figures from the third trimester of pregnancy through their young children's 5th birthdays. In this introductory paper we highlight four themes, including (a) differential acculturation and reciprocal socialization, (b) interdependence in families, (c) the intersection of culture and gender, and (d) methodological issues, then offer suggestions for future research. PMID:25675994

On the origin of synthetic life: attribution of output to a particular algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yampolskiy, Roman V.

2017-01-01

With unprecedented advances in genetic engineering we are starting to see progressively more original examples of synthetic life. As such organisms become more common it is desirable to gain an ability to distinguish between natural and artificial life forms. In this paper, we address this challenge as a generalized version of Darwin’s original problem, which he so brilliantly described in On the Origin of Species. After formalizing the problem of determining the samples’ origin, we demonstrate that the problem is in fact unsolvable. In the general case, if computational resources of considered originator algorithms have not been limited and priors for such algorithms are known to be equal, both explanations are equality likely. Our results should attract attention of astrobiologists and scientists interested in developing a more complete theory of life, as well as of AI-Safety researchers.

On the origin of comets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mendis, A.; Alfven, H.

1976-01-01

Physico-chemical processes leading to the dynamic formation and physical evolution of comets are reviewed in relationship to the various theories that propose solar origins, protoplanetary origins, planetary origins and interstellar origins. Evidence points to the origins of comets by the growth and agglomeration of small particles from gas and dust at very low temperatures at undetermined regions in space.

10. Credit USAF, 1945. Original housed in the Muroc Flight ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Credit USAF, 1945. Original housed in the Muroc Flight Test Base, Unit History, 1 September 1942 30 June 1945. Alfred F. Simpson Historical Research Agency. United States Air Force. Maxwell AFB, Alabama. View of jet engine rotor balancing machine with engine rotor in place for balancing operations. Original caption reads "Balancing bucket wheel of jet engine, Muroc Flight Test Base, Oct. 1945"; personnel not identified. Location where photograph was taken not determined, but presumed to be in shops of Building 4505. - Edwards Air Force Base, North Base, Hangar, End of North Base Road, Boron, Kern County, CA

Savouring morality. Moral satisfaction renders food of ethical origin subjectively tastier.

PubMed

Bratanova, Boyka; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Kervyn, Nicolas; Schumann, Sandy; Wood, Robert; Klein, Olivier

2015-08-01

Past research has shown that the experience of taste can be influenced by a range of external cues, especially when they concern food's quality. The present research examined whether food's ethicality - a cue typically unrelated to quality - can also influence taste. We hypothesised that moral satisfaction with the consumption of ethical food would positively influence taste expectations, which in turn will enhance the actual taste experience. This enhanced taste experience was further hypothesised to act as a possible reward mechanism reinforcing the purchase of ethical food. The resulting ethical food → moral satisfaction  → enhanced taste expectations and experience → stronger intentions to buy/willingness to pay model was validated across four studies: one large scale international survey (Study 1) and three experimental studies involving actual food consumption of different type of ethical origin - organic (Study 2), fair trade (Study 3a) and locally produced (Study 3b). Furthermore, endorsement of values relevant to the food's ethical origin moderated the effect of food's origin on moral satisfaction, suggesting that the model is primarily supported for people who endorse these values. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

5-SPICE: the application of an original framework for community health worker program design, quality improvement and research agenda setting

PubMed Central

Palazuelos, Daniel; DaEun Im, Dana; Peckarsky, Matthew; Schwarz, Dan; Farmer, Didi Bertrand; Dhillon, Ranu; Johnson, Ari; Orihuela, Claudia; Hackett, Jill; Bazile, Junior; Berman, Leslie; Ballard, Madeleine; Panjabi, Raj; Ternier, Ralph; Slavin, Sam; Lee, Scott; Selinsky, Steve; Mitnick, Carole Diane

2013-01-01

Introduction Despite decades of experience with community health workers (CHWs) in a wide variety of global health projects, there is no established conceptual framework that structures how implementers and researchers can understand, study and improve their respective programs based on lessons learned by other CHW programs. Objective To apply an original, non-linear framework and case study method, 5-SPICE, to multiple sister projects of a large, international non-governmental organization (NGO), and other CHW projects. Design Engaging a large group of implementers, researchers and the best available literature, the 5-SPICE framework was refined and then applied to a selection of CHW programs. Insights gleaned from the case study method were summarized in a tabular format named the ‘5×5-SPICE chart’. This format graphically lists the ways in which essential CHW program elements interact, both positively and negatively, in the implementation field. Results The 5×5-SPICE charts reveal a variety of insights that come from a more complex understanding of how essential CHW projects interact and influence each other in their unique context. Some have been well described in the literature previously, while others are exclusive to this article. An analysis of how best to compensate CHWs is also offered as an example of the type of insights that this method may yield. Conclusions The 5-SPICE framework is a novel instrument that can be used to guide discussions about CHW projects. Insights from this process can help guide quality improvement efforts, or be used as hypothesis that will form the basis of a program's research agenda. Recent experience with research protocols embedded into successfully implemented projects demonstrates how such hypothesis can be rigorously tested. PMID:23561023

Sibling Behaviors and Mexican-Origin Adolescents' After-School Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Chara D.; Simpkins, Sandra D.; Menjívar, Cecilia

2017-01-01

Families are theorized to influence adolescents' participation in skill-based after-school activities, but research has focused on the role of parents while neglecting the role of siblings. Siblings might be especially critical for Mexican-origin youth, the fastest growing youth population in the United States, due to a high value of family as…

Sinanthropus in Britain: human origins and international science, 1920-1939.

PubMed

Manias, Chris

2015-06-01

The Peking Man fossils discovered at Zhoukoudian in north-east China in the 1920s and 1930s were some of the most extensive palaeoanthropological finds of the twentieth century. This article examines their publicization and discussion in Britain, where they were engaged with by some of the world's leading authorities in human evolution, and a media and public highly interested in human-origins research. This international link - simultaneously promoted by scientists in China and in Britain itself - reflected wider debates on international networks; the role of science in the modern world; and changing definitions of race, progress and human nature. This article illustrates how human-origins research was an important means of binding these areas together and presenting scientific work as simultaneously authoritative and credible, but also evoking mystery and adventurousness. Examining this illustrates important features of contemporary views of both science and human development, showing not only the complexities of contemporary regard for the international and public dynamics of scientific research, but wider concerns over human nature, which oscillated between optimistic notions of unity and progress and pessimistic ones of essential differences and misdirected development.

A substantial number of scientific publications originate from non-university hospitals.

PubMed

Fedder, Jens; Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge; Petersen, Lars J; Rasmussen, Claus; Lauszus, Finn F; Frost, Lars; Hornung, Nete; Lederballe, Ole; Andersen, Jens Peter

2011-11-01

As we found no recent published reports on the amount and kind of research published from Danish hospitals without university affiliation, we have found it relevant to conduct a bibliometric survey disclosing these research activities. We retrieved all scientific papers published in the period 2000-2009 emanating from all seven Danish non-university hospitals in two regions, comprising 1.8 million inhabitants, and which were registered in a minimum of one of the three databases: PubMed MEDLINE, Thomson Reuters Web of Science and Elsevier's Scopus. In 878 of 1,252 papers, the first and/or last author was affiliated to a non-university hospital. Original papers made up 69% of these publications versus 86% of publications with university affiliation on first or last place. Case reports and reviews most frequently had authors from regional hospitals as first and/or last authors. The total number of publications from regional hospitals increased by 48% over the 10-year period. Publications were cited more often if the first or last author was from a university hospital and even more so if they were affiliated to foreign institutions. Cardiology, gynaecology and obstetrics, and environmental medicine were the three specialities with the largest number of regional hospital publications. A substantial number of scientific publications originate from non-university hospitals. Almost two thirds of the publications were original research published in international journals. Variations between specialities may reflect local conditions. not relevant. not relevant.

179. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July, 1932 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

179. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONCRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; TERMINAL BOARD FOR PANEL DEVICES. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

180. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

180. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; INVAR METER DETAILS. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

185. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

185. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONCRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; CONTRACTION JOINT METER INSTALLATION. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

Program of Research in Flight Dynamics, The George Washington University at NASA Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Patrick C. (Technical Monitor); Klein, Vladislav

2005-01-01

The program objectives are fully defined in the original proposal entitled Program of Research in Flight Dynamics in GW at NASA Langley Research Center, which was originated March 20, 1975, and in the renewals of the research program from January 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005. The program in its present form includes three major topics: 1. the improvement of existing methods and development of new methods for wind tunnel and flight data analysis, 2. the application of these methods to wind tunnel and flight test data obtained from advanced airplanes, 3. the correlation of flight results with wind tunnel measurements, and theoretical predictions.

Bench, Bedside, Curbside, and Home: Translational Research to Include Transformative Change Using Educational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felege, Christopher; Hahn, Emily; Hunter, Cheryl

2016-01-01

Translational research originated in the medical field during the 1990s to describe taking discovery based research through the steps of applying it to clinical research and patient-oriented care. This model is implicitly linear, depicting the flow of information from researchers' bench, to a clinical trial bedside, to a primary care physician's…

Learning to Become a More Effective Research or Inquiry-based Project Mentor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hooper, E. J.; Pfund, C.; Mathieu, R.; Branchaw, J.

2010-08-01

How effective of a mentor are you? Have you thought much about this question? Have you participated in training to become a better mentor? For many academics, the typical three answers are "pretty good, I think ... why wouldn't I be?!"; "I am right now while reading this;" "Uh, no." The University of Wisconsin-Madison has developed a program called Research Mentor Training to help train scientists in myriad STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) disciplines, including astronomy, for their crucial role of mentoring the next generation. Most of the field testing to date has focused on graduate students, post-docs, academic staff, and faculty mentoring undergraduate students who are participating in summer research experiences. The materials have proven quite effective in other areas as well, with only modest modifications. For example, several faculty cohorts concentrating on mentoring graduate students and post-docs have completed the training. In addition, the materials are used to prepare graduate students and undergraduates to mentor high school students. The preferred venue for the mentor training program is a seminar meeting one hour per week for 8 to 9 weeks, plus readings and outside activities, including mentoring a student. However, the structure is flexible, and some meaningful learning can occur in a single 90-minute interactive workshop like the one presented at the 2009 ASP annual meeting, "Science Education and Outreach: Forging a Path to the Future." All of the materials, including case studies, facilitator notes and guidelines, plus reading lists, are available online for no charge (http://researchmentortraining.org). Users can select pre-built curricula, or they can customize a package using a "shopping cart" interface.

[Advances in research on relationships among Lycium species and origin of cultivated Lycium in China].

PubMed

Qian, Dan; Ji, Rui-Feng; Gao, Wei; Huang, Lu-Qi

2017-09-01

The Lycium genus consists of consist of 7 species and 3 variety which are main distributed in Northwest region in China, the cultivated Goji berry appeared about 1 000 years ago. The phylogeny of the wild Goji berry and the domestication of cultivated Goji berry are important scientific and practical value due to the medicinal and economic value. In this paper, a new advances achieved in studies on the phylogeny of wild Goji berry is summarized. The origin of cultivated Goji berry includes when, where, how and ancestral specie were reviewed. The current situation of cultivation and existing problems were summarized. We considered that through mutations and artificial selections, wild ancestors were domesticated to current cultivar groups. To find direct evidence for the origin of cultivated Goji berry, we must rely on genetic analysis in addition to morphological characters. To make full use of the Goji berry germplasm resources, the investigation and mining on wild Goji berry resource should be strengthened in the future. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Cultural Dynamics and Marital Relationship Quality in Mexican-origin Families

PubMed Central

Cruz, Rick A.; Gonzales, Nancy A.; Corona, Marissa; King, Kevin M.; Cauce, Ana Mari; Robins, Richard W.; Widaman, Keith F.; Conger, Rand D.

2014-01-01

Prior research suggests that acculturation may influence relationship outcomes among Mexican-origin married couples, including marital adjustment and distress. Despite much theory and research on parent-child cultural differences and disruptions in the parent-child relationship, no previous research has investigated possible associations between husband-wife cultural differences and marital relationship quality. With a sample of Mexican-origin married couples (N = 398), the current study investigated the relations between husband-wife differences in acculturation (American orientation) and enculturation (Mexican orientation) with husband and wife reports of positive marital qualities (warmth and relationship satisfaction). To clarify and extend previous research, the current study also investigated within-person models of cultural orientation domains as related to positive marital quality. Results provide partial evidence showing that dyadic cultural differences are associated with lower positive marital quality while cultural similarity is associated with higher positive marital quality; however, the relations are complex and suggest that the associations between wife cultural orientation and positive marital quality may depend on husband cultural orientation (and vice versa). Findings also implicate the importance of assessing spouse bidimensional cultural orientation by showing that the relation between spouse acculturation level and relationship quality may depend on his or her enculturation level. Additional nuances in the findings illustrate the importance of assessing multiple domains of cultural orientation, including language use and cultural values. We highlight several future directions for research investigating nuances in spouse cultural dynamics and relationship processes. PMID:25313819

The Macromolecular Concept and the Origins of Molecular Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olby, Robert

1970-01-01

Traces the origins of molecular biology to the work of 19th century biophysicists, ultrastructurists and collodial chemists. The development of the Aggregate Theory,and its overthrow by the Macromolecule Concept is described. Research in molecular genetics in the pre-second world war period, and the effects of the war on it, are briefly reviewed.…

[A practical guide for writing an original scientific article].

PubMed

Rosenberg, Jacob; Burcharth, Jakob; Pommergaard, Hans-Christian

2014-06-30

Writing scientific articles is an integrated part of being a medical doctor at academic institutions, and the demand for publishing scientific work has increased during recent years. The discipline of writing scientific articles can be troublesome and complicated, especially for young inexperienced researchers. This article is a guide to structuring and writing an original scientific article.

Interleukin-6 infusion blunts proinflammatory cytokine production without causing systematic toxicity in a swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.

PubMed

Brundage, Susan I; Zautke, N A; Holcomb, J B; Spain, D A; Lam, J C; Mastrangelo, M A; Macaitis, J M; Tweardy, D J

2004-11-01

Serum elevations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlate with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality in critically injured trauma patients. Data from rodent models of controlled hemorrhage suggest that recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) infusion protects tissue at risk for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exogenous rIL-6 administered during shock appears to abrogate inflammation, providing a protective rather than a deleterious influence. In an examination of this paradox, the current study aimed to determine whether rIL-6 decreases inflammation in a clinically relevant large animal model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, (UHS), and to investigate the mechanism of protection. Swine were randomized to four groups (8 animals in each): (1) sacrifice, (2) sham (splenectomy followed by hemodilution and cooling to 33 degrees C), (3) rIL-6 infusion (sham plus UHS using grade 5 liver injury with packing and resuscitation plus blinded infusion of rIL-6 [10 mcg/kg]), and (4) placebo (UHS plus blinded vehicle). After 4 hours, blood was sampled, estimated blood loss determined, animals sacrificed, and lung harvested for RNA isolation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNFalpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). As compared with placebo, IL-6 infusion in UHS did not increase estimated blood loss or white blood cell counts, nor decrease hematocrit or platelet levels. As compared with the sham condition, lung G-CSF mRNA production in UHS plus placebo increased eightfold (*p < 0.05). In contrast, rIL-6 infusion plus UHS blunted G-CSF mRNA levels, which were not significantly higher than sham levels (p = 0.1). Infusion of rIL-6 did not significantly affect endogenous production of either lung IL-6 or mRNA. As determined by ELISA, rIL-6 infusion did not increase final

Participatory Action Research (PAR) cum Action Research (AR) in Teacher Professional Development: A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morales, Marie Paz E.

2016-01-01

This paper reviews Participatory Action Research as an approach to teacher professional development. It maps the origins of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and discusses the benefits and challenges that have been identified by other researchers in utilizing PAR approaches in conducting research. It draws ideas of combining the features of…

Determinants of an urban origin student choosing rural practice: a scoping review.

PubMed

Myhre, Douglas L; Bajaj, Sameer; Jackson, Wesley

2015-01-01

The shortage of physicians in rural and remote communities is an ongoing problem. Many studies have shown that the rural background of a student (ie rural origin) is a primary factor in recruiting physicians for practice in rural communities. Scoping reviews are primarily done to gauge the extent of literature on the research question at hand, typically with an intent that future research in that area is a constructive addition to pre-existing knowledge. This scoping review focuses on factors that predispose urban-origin students to choose a carrier in rural medicine. The study used Arksey and O'Malley's guidelines for a scoping review of the literature, which, in contrast to a traditional systematic review, is brief yet comprehensive. Medline (Ovid) and PubMed databases were used to review literature published between 1 January 1970 and 30 November 2014. After removing duplicates, articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria set up by the research team. The literature search resulted in 435 articles, 418 of which were excluded, leaving 17 articles for comprehensive review. Out of these 17 studies, the following four factors that suggest why urban-origin medical students may choose rural practice were generated: geographic diffusion of physicians in response to economic forces such as debt repayment and financial incentives (five studies), scope of practice and personal satisfaction (five studies), undergraduate and postgraduate rural training (nine studies) and premedical school mindset to practice rurally (five studies). Urban-origin students may choose rural practice because of market forces as well as financial incentives. The participation in undergraduate and postgraduate rural training is reported to positively alter the attitude of urban-origin students. A small subset of these students has a predetermined mindset to practice rurally at the time of matriculation. Obstacles for choosing a rural carrier include, but are not limited to lack

Conducting Mathematical Research with Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Gareth E.

2013-01-01

The notion that undergraduates are capable of making profound and original contributions to mathematical research is rapidly gaining acceptance. Undergraduates bring their enthusiasm, creativity, curiosity, and perseverance to bona fide research problems. This article discusses some of the key issues concerning undergraduate mathematical research:…

The role of the fallopian tube in the origin of ovarian cancer

PubMed Central

Erickson, Britt K.; Conner, Michael G.; Landen, Charles N.

2014-01-01

Advanced cases of epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, and primary tubal malignancies have a relatively poor prognosis and collectively remain the most deadly of all gynecologic malignancies. Although traditionally thought of as one disease process, ongoing research suggests that there is not 1 single site or cell type from which these cancers arise. A majority of the serous tumors appear to originate from dysplastic lesions in the distal fallopian tube. Therefore, what we have traditionally considered “ovarian” cancer may in fact be tubal in origin. In this article, we will review epithelial ovarian cancer classification and genetics, theories regarding cells of origin with a focus on tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, and implications for prevention and screening. PMID:23583217

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of original drawings (original located at the National Archives, San Bruno, California, Navy # 104-A-5). Depts. Yards & docks, U.S. Navy Mare Island, Cal., "full sized detail of fretwork panels in back of organ recess, St. Peter's Chapel, Mare Island, Cal., December 1904. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, St. Peter's Chapel, Walnut Street & Cedar Parkway, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Sensitivity and specificity of scanning laser polarimetry using the GDx.

PubMed

Munkwitz, S; Funk, J; Loeffler, K U; Harbarth, U; Kremmer, S

2004-09-01

To determine the sensitivity and the specificity of the GDx in the detection of (1) advanced glaucoma, (2) early glaucoma, and (3) nerve fibre bundle defects (NFBD). Group A comprised 20 eyes with reproducible glaucomatous visual field defects confirmed by octopus perimetry, group B consisted of 10 eyes with normal visual fields but either glaucomatous NFBD or deterioration of the disc over time clearly visible upon flicker comparison, and group C included 16 eyes with glaucomatous or non-glaucomatous NFBD clearly visible on red free photographs. Forty four eyes of 22 healthy volunteers served as controls. The GDx printouts of all subjects were evaluated by three independent observers in a masked fashion and without the clinical picture of the optic disc. Two of the three observers (SK, UH) were GDx experts, one (KUL) was an untrained GDx user. Among the GDx experts, sensitivity/specificity was 100%/100% (SK) and 90%/100% (UH) in detecting advanced glaucoma, and 100%/100% (SK) and 90%/100% (UH) in detecting early glaucoma. The sensitivity in detecting NFBD was only 37.5% (SK and UH). For the untrained GDx user the corresponding values were 50%/100% (group A), 20%/100% (group B), and 12.5%/91% (group C). Detection of (early) glaucoma damage by the GDx, evaluated by trained experts, can be extremely high. To optimise its benefit in clinical routine training in interpreting GDx printouts is highly recommended. Detection of localised NFBD is crucial, even for experts.

Genetic variability of an endangered Bromeliaceae species (Pitcairnia albiflos) from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest.

PubMed

Domingues, R; Machado, M A; Forzza, R C; Melo, T D; Wohlres-Viana, S; Viccini, L F

2011-10-13

Pitcairnia albiflos is a Bromeliaceae species endemic to Brazil that has been included as data-deficient in the extinction risk list of Brazilian flora. We analyzed genetic variability in P. albiflos populations using RAPD markers to investigate population structure and reproductive mechanisms and also to evaluate the actual extinction risk level of this species. Leaves of 56 individuals of P. albiflos from three populations were collected: Urca Hill (UH, 20 individuals), Chacrinha State Park (CSP, 24 individuals) and Tijuca National Park (TNP, 12 individuals). The RAPD technique was effective in characterizing the genetic diversity in the P. albiflos populations since it was possible to differentiate the populations and to identify exclusive bands for at least two of them. Even if there is low genetic diversity among them (CSP-UH = 0.463; CSP-TNP = 0.440; UH-TNP = 0.524), the populations seem to be isolated according to the low genetic diversity observed within them (H(pop) CSP = 0.060; H(pop) UH = 0.042; H(pop) TNP = 0.130). This fact might be the result of clonal and self-reproduction predominance and also from environmental degradation around the collection areas. Consequently, it would be important to protect all populations both in situ and ex situ to prevent the decrease of genetic variability. The low genetic variability among individuals of the same population confirms the inclusion of this species as critically endangered in the risk list for Brazilian flora.

184. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

184. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; LAYOUT OF CONTRACTION JOINT MEASURING DEVICES. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

186. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

186. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONCRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; MISCELLANEOUS VERTICAL SECTIONS; THROUGH PANELS. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

181. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

181. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONCRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; LOCATION OF TERMINAL BOARDS AND CONDUCTS. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

182. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

182. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated March 28, 1932 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). VOLUME CHANGE IN MASS CONCRETE; OWYHEE DAM CONCRETE RESEARCH FOR HOOVER DAM; LAYOUT OF INTERNAL STRAIN MEASURING DEVICES. - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

The origins of the British Neuroscience Association.

PubMed

Reynolds, Edward H

2017-12-26

I describe the origins of the British Neuroscience Association (BNA) based on new documents which I have discovered. The foundation of the Brain Research Association (BRA) on February 23rd 1968 was influenced by IBRO, notably its two UK Council members, and by many UK neuroscientists, especially the London-based Black Horse Group. The BRA changed its name to the BNA in 1996. The documents are in the Wellcome Trust Archives. Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Moon's Origin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cadogan, Peter

1983-01-01

Presents findings and conclusions about the origin of the moon, favoring the capture hypothesis of lunar origin. Advantage of the hypothesis is that it allows the moon to have been formed elsewhere, specifically in a hotter part of the solar nebula, accounting for chemical differences between earth and moon. (JN)

Multiple origins of life

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raup, D. M.; Valentine, J. W.

1983-01-01

There is some indication that life may have originated readily under primitive earth conditions. If there were multiple origins of life, the result could have been a polyphyletic biota today. Using simple stochastic models for diversification and extinction, we conclude: (1) the probability of survival of life is low unless there are multiple origins, and (2) given survival of life and given as many as 10 independent origins of life, the odds are that all but one would have gone extinct, yielding the monophyletic biota we have now. The fact of the survival of our particular form of life does not imply that it was unique or superior.

Geochemistry and origin of regional dolomites. Technical progress report, July 26, 1991--April 21, 1992

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanson, G.N.; Meyers, W.J.

1992-07-01

This grant supports research on the origins and geochemical aspects of regional dolomites. Eight graduate students are involved in research on dolomite allowing a diverse range of studies. This report outlines their work in the field. (JL)

The Recognition of Words from Phonemes in Continuous Speech.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

C A BAKER UNCLASSIFIED AFIT/GE/EE/810ŝ NL EEEEEEIIEEEEI EEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEIIEEEIIEI IIIEEEEIIEIIEE EIEEEEEEEEIIEE IIIEIIEEEEEEEE r- ~. 7 c ~ F IVV...82 06 16 011 AFIT/GE/EE/ 81 D -9 THE RECOGNITION OF WORDS FROM PHONEMES IN CONTINUOUS SPEECH THESIS AFIT/GE/EE/81D-9 Claude A. Baker Captain USAF...33. OU Qbey 14. ZX zoo 34. UX foot 15. SH 5h e 35. UU b.Qt 16. ZH azure 36. UH up 17. MX me 37. UH about 18. NX no 38. ER woQrd 19. NG sinkg 39. XX NA

Logistics Aloft

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-17

inefficient. While the initial purchase cost of the CH-47 and UH-60 can be significantly less than the C-130J or C-27J (the C-27J is in procurement...to replace the C-23), the operating costs of the UH-60 is approximately equal to a small fixed wing aircraft such as the C-23, C-130J, or C-27J...Furthermore, CH-47 operating costs are four to five times that of these fixed wing aircraft.19 In fact, when comparing the increased lift capacity

Aircraft Transparency Failure and Logistical Cost Analysis. Volume I. Program Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-12-01

Hours liv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Continued) SFMC Field Maintenance Cost FMEA Failure Modes and Effect Analysis SFMS Field Maintenance Squadron FSN...3, CH-53, AND UH -1 Figure 3. Study Aircraft 10 I. 1. WINDSHIELDS 2. CANOPIES 3. WINDOWS INTERACTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1. ANTI-ICING 2. DEFOGGING 3...52,947 13,761 UH /TH-1F, 1P 73,431 73,640 Total helicopters 339,690 113,492 2.99 Bombers B-S2G 138,348 64,431 B-S2P 93,000 36,936 B-57 34,527 19,552

Revisiting the theoretical basis of the endosymbiotic origin of plastids in the original context of Lynn Margulis on the origin of mitosing, eukaryotic cells.

PubMed

Sato, Naoki

2017-12-07

Fifty years ago, Lynn Margulis proposed a comprehensive hypothesis on the origin of eukaryotic cells with an emphasis on the origin of mitosis. This hypothesis postulated that the eukaryotic cell is a composite of different parts as a result of the symbiosis of various different bacteria. In this hypothesis, she integrated previously proposed ideas that mitochondria and chloroplasts were descendants of endosymbionts that originated from aerobic bacteria and blue-green algae (now cyanobacteria), respectively. However, the major part of her hypothesis, which she believed to be original, was the origin of mitosis. The core of her postulate involved a chromosome partition mechanism dependent on DNA-microtubule binding, which originated from a hypothetical centriole-DNA complex, with an ability to replicate. Surprisingly, her complete lack of real experimental works in the cytoskeleton, cell motility, or paleontology did not prevent this 29-year-old junior scientist from assembling archival knowledge and constructing a narrative on the evolution of all organisms. Whether the centriole-DNA complex originated from a spirochete or not was a minor anecdote in this initial postulate. Unfortunately, this hypothesis on the origin of mitosis, which she believed to be a holistic unity, testable by experiments, was entirely refuted. Despite falsification of her original narrative as a whole, her success as a founder of endosymbiotic theory on the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is undoubted. We will discuss the reasons for her success in terms of the historical situation in the latter half of the 20th century. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Experimental U.S. Census Bureau Race and Hispanic Origin Survey Questions: Reactions from Spanish Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Rodney L.; Fond, Marissa

2013-01-01

People of Hispanic origin, including monolingual Spanish speakers, have experienced difficulty identifying with a race category on U.S. demographic surveys. As part of a larger research effort by the U.S. Census Bureau to improve race and Hispanic origin questions for the 2020 Census, we tested experimental versions of race and Hispanic origin…

The Doctorate as an Original Contribution to Knowledge: Considering Relationships between Originality, Creativity, and Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baptista, Ana; Frick, Liezel; Holley, Karri; Remmik, Marvi; Tesch, Jakob; Âkerlind, Gerlese

2015-01-01

This article explores the meaning of originality in doctoral studies and its relationship with creativity and innovation. Doctoral theses are expected to provide an original contribution to knowledge in their field all over the world. However, originality is not well defined. Using the literature on concepts of originality as a foundation, this…

What can we learn from the study of Mexican-origin families in the United States?

PubMed

Updegraff, Kimberly A; Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J

2015-06-01

Mexican-origin families are a large and rapidly increasing subgroup of the U.S. population, but they remain underrepresented in family scholarship. This paper introduces a special section of four papers on Mexican-origin families designed to contribute to the advancement of research on how cultural, family, and gender socialization processes unfold across key developmental periods and life transitions in this cultural context. Two longitudinal studies of Mexican-origin families provided the data for these four papers: (a) The Juntos Project, an 8-year longitudinal study of mothers, fathers, and adolescent sibling pairs in 246 Mexican-origin families; and (b) The Supporting MAMI Project, a study following 204 adolescent mothers and their mother figures from the third trimester of pregnancy through their young children's 5th birthdays. In this introductory paper, we highlight four themes, including (a) differential acculturation and reciprocal socialization, (b) interdependence in families, (c) the intersection of culture and gender, and (d) methodological issues. We end with suggestions for future research. © 2015 Family Process Institute.

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756-1827) and the origins of modern meteorite research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marvin, Ursula B.

1996-09-01

inaugurated internationally—although opposition lingered on until 1803 April, when nearly 3,000 stones fell at L'Aigle in Normandy and transformed the last skeptics into believers. Chladni immediately received full credit for his hypothesis of falls, but decades passed before his linking of falling bodies with fireballs received general acceptance. His hypothesis of their origin met with strong resistance from those who argued that stones formed within the Earth's atmosphere or were ejected by lunar volcanoes. After 1860, when both of these hypotheses were abandoned, there followed a century of debate between proponents of an interstellar vs. a planetary origin. Not until the 1950s did conclusive evidence of their elliptical orbits establish meteorite parent bodies as members of the solar system. Thus, nearly 200 years passed before the questions of origin that Chladni raised finally were resolved.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motives for originally following a sport team and team identification.

PubMed

Wann, D L; Ensor, C L; Bilyeu, J K

2001-10-01

Research indicates that both highly and lowly identified fans are more likely to be intrinsically than extrinsically motivated and that highly identified fans have a particularly strong inclination for intrinsic motivation. The current investigation was designed to extend this work by examining the relationship between level of identification and one's intrinsic and extrinsic motives for originally following a sport team. Preference for intrinsic motives for originally following a team should be highest among those high on team identification. 88 participants completed questionnaires containing the Sport Spectator Identification Scale and items assessing their intrinsic and extrinsic motives for originally identifying with a team. Analyses provided clear support for the hypotheses.

Hydrothermal Microflow Technology as a Research Tool for Origin-of-Life Studies in Extreme Earth Environments

PubMed Central

Kawamura, Kunio

2017-01-01

Although studies about the origin of life are a frontier in science and a number of effective approaches have been developed, drawbacks still exist. Examples include: (1) simulation of chemical evolution experiments (which were demonstrated for the first time by Stanley Miller); (2) approaches tracing back the most primitive life-like systems (on the basis of investigations of present organisms); and (3) constructive approaches for making life-like systems (on the basis of molecular biology), such as in vitro construction of the RNA world. Naturally, simulation experiments of chemical evolution under plausible ancient Earth environments have been recognized as a potentially fruitful approach. Nevertheless, simulation experiments seem not to be sufficient for identifying the scenario from molecules to life. This is because primitive Earth environments are still not clearly defined and a number of possibilities should be taken into account. In addition, such environments frequently comprise extreme conditions when compared to the environments of present organisms. Therefore, we need to realize the importance of accurate and convenient experimental approaches that use practical research tools, which are resistant to high temperature and pressure, to facilitate chemical evolution studies. This review summarizes improvements made in such experimental approaches over the last two decades, focusing primarily on our hydrothermal microflow reactor technology. Microflow reactor systems are a powerful tool for performing simulation experiments in diverse simulated hydrothermal Earth conditions in order to measure the kinetics of formation and degradation and the interactions of biopolymers. PMID:28974048

Ethics Review Committee approval and informed consent: an analysis of biomedical publications originating from Sri Lanka

PubMed Central

Sumathipala, Athula; Siribaddana, Sisira; Hewege, Suwin; Lekamwattage, Manura; Athukorale, Manjula; Siriwardhana, Chesmal; Murray, Joanna; Prince, Martin

2008-01-01

Background International guidelines on research have focused on protecting research participants. Ethical Research Committee (ERC) approval and informed consent are the cornerstones. Externally sponsored research requires approval through ethical review in both the host and the sponsoring country. This study aimed to determine to what extent ERC approval and informed consent procedures are documented in locally and internationally published human subject research carried out in Sri Lanka. Methods We obtained ERC approval in Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. Theses from 1985 to 2005 available at the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM) library affiliated to the University of Colombo were scrutinised using checklists agreed in consultation with senior research collaborators. A Medline search was carried out with MeSH major and minor heading 'Sri Lanka' as the search term for international publications originating in Sri Lanka during 1999 to 2004. All research publications from CMJ during 1999 to 2005 were also scrutinized. Results Of 291 theses, 34% documented ERC approvals and 61% documented obtaining consent. From the international journal survey, 250 publications originated from Sri Lanka of which only 79 full text original research publications could be accessed electronically. Of these 38% documented ERC approval and 39% documented obtaining consent. In the Ceylon Medical Journal 36% documented ERC approval and 37% documented obtaining consent. Conclusion Only one third of the publications scrutinized recorded ERC approval and procurement of informed consent. However, there is a positive trend in documenting these ethical requirements in local postgraduate research and in the local medical journal. PMID:18267015

Addressing the "Replication Crisis": Using Original Studies to Design Replication Studies with Appropriate Statistical Power.

PubMed

Anderson, Samantha F; Maxwell, Scott E

2017-01-01

Psychology is undergoing a replication crisis. The discussion surrounding this crisis has centered on mistrust of previous findings. Researchers planning replication studies often use the original study sample effect size as the basis for sample size planning. However, this strategy ignores uncertainty and publication bias in estimated effect sizes, resulting in overly optimistic calculations. A psychologist who intends to obtain power of .80 in the replication study, and performs calculations accordingly, may have an actual power lower than .80. We performed simulations to reveal the magnitude of the difference between actual and intended power based on common sample size planning strategies and assessed the performance of methods that aim to correct for effect size uncertainty and/or bias. Our results imply that even if original studies reflect actual phenomena and were conducted in the absence of questionable research practices, popular approaches to designing replication studies may result in a low success rate, especially if the original study is underpowered. Methods correcting for bias and/or uncertainty generally had higher actual power, but were not a panacea for an underpowered original study. Thus, it becomes imperative that 1) original studies are adequately powered and 2) replication studies are designed with methods that are more likely to yield the intended level of power.

17. Photocopy of original USRS photograph (from original print in ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of original USRS photograph (from original print in the Umatilla Project History 1920, on file at National Archives, Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado) Photographer unknown, ca. 1920. Project office and employees - reading from left to right: Una H. Keck, Geo. C. Patterson, H.M. Schilling, Maurice D. Scroggs, Carl M. Voyen, Chas. Taylor, C.D. Porter - Former Umatilla Project Headquarters Buildings, Office, Hermiston, Umatilla County, OR

Musical emotions: Functions, origins, evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perlovsky, Leonid

2010-03-01

Theories of music origins and the role of musical emotions in the mind are reviewed. Most existing theories contradict each other, and cannot explain mechanisms or roles of musical emotions in workings of the mind, nor evolutionary reasons for music origins. Music seems to be an enigma. Nevertheless, a synthesis of cognitive science and mathematical models of the mind has been proposed describing a fundamental role of music in the functioning and evolution of the mind, consciousness, and cultures. The review considers ancient theories of music as well as contemporary theories advanced by leading authors in this field. It addresses one hypothesis that promises to unify the field and proposes a theory of musical origin based on a fundamental role of music in cognition and evolution of consciousness and culture. We consider a split in the vocalizations of proto-humans into two types: one less emotional and more concretely-semantic, evolving into language, and the other preserving emotional connections along with semantic ambiguity, evolving into music. The proposed hypothesis departs from other theories in considering specific mechanisms of the mind-brain, which required the evolution of music parallel with the evolution of cultures and languages. Arguments are reviewed that the evolution of language toward becoming the semantically powerful tool of today required emancipation from emotional encumbrances. The opposite, no less powerful mechanisms required a compensatory evolution of music toward more differentiated and refined emotionality. The need for refined music in the process of cultural evolution is grounded in fundamental mechanisms of the mind. This is why today's human mind and cultures cannot exist without today's music. The reviewed hypothesis gives a basis for future analysis of why different evolutionary paths of languages were paralleled by different evolutionary paths of music. Approaches toward experimental verification of this hypothesis in

Placing the pieces: Reconstructing the original property mosaic in a warrant and patent watershed

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bain, D.J.; Brush, G.S.

2005-01-01

Recent research shows that land use history is an important determinant of current ecosystem function. In the United States, characterization of land use change following European settlement requires reconstruction of the original property mosaic. However, this task is difficult in unsystematically surveyed areas east of the Appalachian Mountains. The Gwynns Falls watershed (Baltimore, MD) was originally surveyed in the 1600-1700s under a system of warrants and patents (commonly known as 'metes and bounds'). A method for the reconstruction and mapping of warrant and patent properties is presented and used to map the original property mosaic in the Gwynns Falls watershed. Using the mapped mosaic, the persistence of properties and property lines in the current Gwynns Falls landscape is considered. The results of this research indicate that as in agricultural areas, the original property lines in the Gwynns Falls watershed are persistent. At the same time, the results suggest that the property mosaic in heavily urbanized/suburbanized areas is generally 'reset.' Further, trends in surveying technique, parcel size, and settlement patterns cause property line density and property shape complexity to increase in the less urbanized upper watershed. The persistence of original patterns may be damping expression of heterogeneity gradients in this urban landscape. This spatial pattern of complexity in the original mosaic is directly opposite of hypothesized patterns of landscape heterogeneity arising from urbanization. The technique reported here and the resulting observations are important for landscape pattern studies in areas settled under unsystematic survey systems, especially the heavily urbanized areas of the eastern United States. ?? 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

2nd Annual Postdoc Research Day: US Army Research Laboratory PosterSymposia and Activities

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-12

ARL-SR-0394•APR 2018 US Army Research Laboratory 2nd Annual Postdoc Research Day: US Army Research Laboratory Poster Symposia and Activities by...Do not return it to the originator. ARL-SR-0394•APR 2018 US Army Research Laboratory 2nd Annual Postdoc Research Day: US Army Research Laboratory...Poster Symposia and Activities by Efraín Hernández–Rivera Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL Julia Cline Oak Ridge Institute for Science and

Perceived Closeness in Adult Sibling Relationships: Origins, Maintenance, and Meaning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Helgola G.; Dalton, Mary Jo

Research on adult sibling relationships suggests a concern about the quality of these relationships. The meaning of closeness in sibling relationships across the adult life span, its perceived origins, maintenance, and dynamics, were investigated in a sample of 55 adults ranging in age from 25 to 93 years. Semi-structured interviews with the…

[Study of genuineness based on changes of ancient herbal origin--taking Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza as examples].

PubMed

Zhan, Zhi-Lai; Deng, Ai-Ping; Peng, Hua-Sheng; Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi

2016-09-01

Basically, Dao-di hers are produced in specific area which has a long history, good quality, good medicine, curative effect. However genuine medicinal material area in history is not static, this makes the establishment of genuine medicinal material origin and the in-depth research be very difficult. This paper has profoundly analyzed the origin of different historical periods taking Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza as examples, and then summarized the reasons of herbal origin changes from the humanities, social and natural three aspects. This paper provides a basis for establishment and the further research of high-quality genuine producing area. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Land Application of Wastewater Sludges: A National Science Foundation Student-Originated Studies Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bender, Timothy J.; Barnard, Walther M.

1981-01-01

Summarizes a student-originated studies project, funded by the National Science Foundation, on land application of wastewater sludges. Describes the students' proposal, research methods, and evaluation of the project. (DS)

International Trade: Rules of Origin

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-10

Well-known retailers (such as Walmart, Sears, and the Gap) and brand -name distributors of consumer products (such as Mattel, Nike , and Dell) utilize...Origin: Implications of Globalized Manufacturing Summary Determining the country of origin of a product is important for properly assessing tariffs...component parts originate in many countries, as is often the case in today’s global trading environment, determining origin can be a very complex

The Origin of the Galaxy and Local Group

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Freeman, Ken; Matteucci, Francesca

This volume contains the updated and expanded lecture notes of the 37th Saas-Fee Advanced Course organised by the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. It offers the most comprehensive and up to date review of one of the hottest research topics in astrophysics - how our Milky Way galaxy formed. Joss Bland-Hawthorn & Ken Freeman lectured on Near Field Cosmology - The Origin of the Galaxy and the Local Group. Francesca Matteucci's chapter is on Chemical evolution of the Milky Way and its Satellites. As designed by the SSAA, books in this series - and this one too - are targeted at graduate and PhD students and young researchers in astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology. Lecturers and researchers entering the field will also benefit from the book. *%K Physics, Astrophysics, Near Field Cosmology, Galaxy, Local Group *%O Milky Way

Transfer of training and simulator qualification or myth and folklore in helicopter simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dohme, Jack

1992-01-01

Transfer of training studies at Fort Rucker using the backward-transfer paradigm have shown that existing flight simulators are not entirely adequate for meeting training requirements. Using an ab initio training research simulator, a simulation of the UH-1, training effectiveness ratios were developed. The data demonstrate it to be a cost-effective primary trainer. A simulator qualification method was suggested in which a combination of these transfer-of-training paradigms is used to determine overall simulator fidelity and training effectiveness.

The experience of critiquing published research: learning from the student and researcher perspective.

PubMed

Knowles, Judie M; Gray, Morag A

2011-11-01

This paper commences with affirmation of the importance of research critique within academic programmes of study, and the context of this skill within the nursing profession. Judie (student) shares an experience from a Professional Doctorate in Education (EdD) assignment that involved selecting and critiquing a piece of published research. "The qualities of an effective mentor" (Gray and Smith, 2000) was critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2006) framework. Morag was the researcher and co-author (Gray and Smith, 2000) and was subsequently contacted by Judie for the purposes of validating her critique assignment. On the tenth anniversary since publication of her PhD research findings Morag reflects on the original article in the light of Judie's critique and shares evaluative comments. Some of the assignment critique is validated by Morag, whilst some of the evaluation demonstrates unreliability of critique shown by Judie. Discussion surrounding sufficiency of research critique through systematic examination of a published article, versus an original research report such as a thesis ensues. The student and researcher/author reveal their learning from this collaborative experience and conclude with recommendations for; setting critique assignments; authors publishing their research findings; and students undertaking critique assignments. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oquendo-Rodriguez, Aida L.

Professions and careers related to science and mathematics lack representation of minorities. Within these underrepresented minority populations there is no other group more affected than Latina women and girls. Women in general, are still underrepresented in many areas of our society. While women's roles are changing in today's society, most changes encourage the participation of more White/Anglo women in traditionally male roles. Latina women are still more disadvantaged than White women. There is no doubt that education is significant in increasing the participation of minorities in the fields of science and mathematics, especially for minority girls (Oakes, 1990; Rodriguez, 1993). This study explored the interests, life experiences, characteristics and motivations of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses. The study identifies factors that can influence the interest of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin in science and mathematics career choices. This research is significant and relevant to educators and policy makers, especially to science and mathematics educators. The research is primarily descriptive and exploratory. It explores the social characteristics of Latina girls and professional women who have been successful in science and mathematics high school courses. The research offers the reader a visit to the participants' homes with descriptions and the opportunity to explore the thoughts and life experiences of Latina girls, their mothers and young Latina professionals of Puerto Rican origin. This research reveals the common characteristics of successful students found in the Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who where interviewed. Creating a portrait of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses in one of the school districts of western Massachusetts. The research findings reveal that teacher relationships, family expectations

Operator’s Manual for UH-60A Helicopter, UH-60L Helicopter, EH-60A Helicopter

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-10-31

electrolyte is harmful to the skin and clothing. If potassium hydroxide is spilled on clothing or other material, wash immediately with clean water . If spilled...on personnel, immediately flush the affected area with clean water . Continue washing until medical assistance arrives. Neutralize any spilled...electrolyte by thoroughly flushing contacted area with water . CARBON MONOXIDE When smoke, suspected carbon monoxide fumes, or symptoms of anoxia exist, the

Trends in tissue engineering research.

PubMed

Hacker, Michael C; Mikos, Antonios G

2006-08-01

For more than a decade, Tissue Engineering has been devoted to the reporting and discussion of scientific advances in the interdisciplinary field of tissue engineering. In this study, 779 original articles published in the journal since its inception were analyzed and classified according to different attributes, such as focus of research and tissue of interest, to reveal trends in tissue engineering research. In addition, the use of different biomaterials, scaffold architectures, surface and bulk modification agents, cells, differentiation factors, gene delivery vectors, and animal models was examined. The results of this survey show interesting trends over time and by continental origin.