Sample records for uic standard suspension

  1. Iodine Status of Vulnerable Populations in Henan Province of China 2013-2014 After the Implementation of the New Iodized Salt Standard.

    PubMed

    Yang, Jin; Zhu, Lin; Li, Xiaofeng; Zheng, Heming; Wang, Zhe; Liu, Yang; Hao, Zongyu

    2016-09-01

    The standard of salt iodine content in China has been adjusted several times since implementation of the universal salt iodization (USI) in 1995. The new standard of iodized salt content was adjusted from 35 ± 15 to 30 ± 9 mg/kg in Henan province in 2012. We aimed to determine whether the vulnerable populations were iodine sufficient after the adjustment of salt iodine content and to provide a guideline for the adjustment of USI policy in China. Two cross-sectional surveys of iodine status in vulnerable populations, including reproductive-age, pregnant and lactating women, infants <2 years, and children aged 8-10 years, were conducted in Henan province in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, the median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) of reproductive-age women was 200.1 μg/L and that of school children aged 8-10 years was 221.0 μg/L. These mUICs were considered as "more than adequate." The mUICs of reproductive-age women and school children in 2014 showed a significant decline compared to the mUICs in 2013 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.001, respectively). The mUICs of the pregnant women were 204.2 μg/L in 2013 and 202.5 μg/L in 2014, which both met the requirement level recommended by WHO. In 2013, the mUIC of lactating women was 169.1 μg/L and that of infants <2 years was 203.2 μg/L, which were significantly lower than that of 2014 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The lactating women and infants in 2013 and 2014 were both regarded as "iodine adequate." Iodine status of the vulnerable populations is still adequate as a whole in Henan province after decreasing the salt iodine content. However, the mUIC of school children aged 8-10 years is slightly above the adequate level. To reduce the risk of iodine excess in the general population and prevent the possibility of iodine deficiency of the vulnerable population, it is necessary to explore the appropriate level of iodized salt content.

  2. Iodine nutrition in elementary state schools of Queretaro, Mexico: correlations between urinary iodine concentration with global nutrition status and social gap index.

    PubMed

    García-Solís, Pablo; Solís-S, Juan Carlos; García-Gaytán, Ana Cristina; Reyes-Mendoza, Vanessa A; Robles-Osorio, Ludivina; Villarreal-Ríos, Enrique; Leal-García, Luisa; Hernández-Montiel, Hebert Luis

    2013-08-01

    To estimate median urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to correlate it with global nutrition indicators and social gap index (SGI) in 50 elementary state schools from 10 municipalities in the State of Queretaro, Mexico. 1,544 students were enrolled and an above of requirements of iodine intake was found (median UIC of 297 µg/L). Iodine status was found as deficient, adequate, more than adequate and excessive in 2, 4, 19 and 25 schools, respectively. Seventy seven percent of table salt samples showed adequate iodine content (20-40 ppm), while 9.6% of the samples had low iodine content (< 15 ppm). Medians of UIC per school were positively correlated with medians of body mass index (BMI) by using the standard deviation score (SDS) (r = 0.47; p < 0.005), height SDS (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and overweight and obesity prevalence (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Medians of UIC per school were negatively correlated with stunting prevalence (r = -0.39; p = 005) and social gap index (r = -0.36; p < 0.05). Best multiple regression models showed that BMI SDS and height were significantly related with UIC (p < 0.05). There is coexistence between the two extremes of iodine intake (insufficient and excessive). To our knowledge, the observed positive correlation between UIC and overweight and obesity has not been described before, and could be explained by the availability and consumption of snack food rich in energy and iodized salt.

  3. Wearable wireless User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C).

    PubMed

    Marjanovic, Nicholas; Kerr, Kevin; Aranda, Ricardo; Hickey, Richard; Esmailbeigi, Hananeh

    2017-07-01

    Controlling a computer or a smartphone's cursor allows the user to access a world full of information. For millions of people with limited upper extremities motor function, controlling the cursor becomes profoundly difficult. Our team has developed the User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C) to assist the impaired individuals in regaining control over the cursor. The UIC-C is a hands-free device that utilizes the tongue muscle to control the cursor movements. The entire device is housed inside a subject specific retainer. The user maneuvers the cursor by manipulating a joystick imbedded inside the retainer via their tongue. The joystick movement commands are sent to an electronic device via a Bluetooth connection. The device is readily recognizable as a cursor controller by any Bluetooth enabled electronic device. The device testing results have shown that the time it takes the user to control the cursor accurately via the UIC-C is about three times longer than a standard computer mouse controlled via the hand. The device does not require any permanent modifications to the body; therefore, it could be used during the period of acute rehabilitation of the hands. With the development of modern smart homes, and enhancement electronics controlled by the computer, UIC-C could be integrated into a system that enables individuals with permanent impairment, the ability to control the cursor. In conclusion, the UIC-C device is designed with the goal of allowing the user to accurately control a cursor during the periods of either acute or permanent upper extremities impairment.

  4. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy: a national cross-sectional survey in Latvia.

    PubMed

    Konrade, Ilze; Kalere, Ieva; Strele, Ieva; Makrecka-Kuka, Marina; Jekabsone, Anna; Tetere, Elina; Veisa, Vija; Gavars, Didzis; Rezeberga, Dace; Pīrāgs, Valdis; Lejnieks, Aivars; Dambrova, Maija

    2015-11-01

    Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction, which results in inadequate fetal brain development. In the absence of a universal salt iodization programme, we conducted a nationwide survey of iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. A countrywide twenty-cluster survey, with at least twenty women per cluster. Participants completed a questionnaire on dietary habits concerning iodine intake (n 739). Thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and thyroperoxidase antibodies) was measured (n 550). Urinary iodine was measured using the ammonium persulfate method (n 696). The survey was performed in all regions of Latvia during the spring and autumn seasons in 2013. Pregnant women (n 829). The median creatinine (Cr)-standardized urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80·8 (interquartile range (IQR) 46·1-130·6) µg/g Cr or 69·4 (IQR 53·9-92·6) µg/l during pregnancy, and 81% of pregnant women had UIC levels below the WHO recommended range of 150-250 µg/g Cr. The UIC was lowest during the first trimester of pregnancy, 56·0 (IQR 36·4-100·6) µg/g Cr, reaching higher concentrations of 87·5 (IQR 46·4-141·7) µg/g Cr and 86·9 (IQR 53·8-140·6) µg/g Cr in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Women taking supplements containing ≥150 µg iodine (6·8% of respondents) had non-significantly higher UIC than did women without supplementation (96·2 v. 80·3 µg/g Cr, respectively, P=NS). Thyroperoxidase antibody concentration did not correlate significantly with UIC: Spearman's ρ=-0·012, P=0·78. The median UIC indicates iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. Iodine supplementation (150 µg daily) and regular UIC monitoring should be suggested to overcome iodine deficiency and to reach the recommended levels without inducing autoimmune processes.

  5. Pre-analytical Factors Influence Accuracy of Urine Spot Iodine Assessment in Epidemiological Surveys.

    PubMed

    Doggui, Radhouene; El Ati-Hellal, Myriam; Traissac, Pierre; El Ati, Jalila

    2018-03-26

    Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is commonly used to assess iodine status of subjects in epidemiological surveys. As pre-analytical factors are an important source of measurement error and studies about this phase are scarce, our objective was to assess the influence of urine sampling conditions on UIC, i.e., whether the child ate breakfast or not, urine void rank of the day, and time span between last meal and urine collection. A nationwide, two-stage, stratified, cross-sectional study including 1560 children (6-12 years) was performed in 2012. UIC was determined by the Sandell-Kolthoff method. Pre-analytical factors were assessed from children's mothers by using a questionnaire. Association between iodine status and pre-analytical factors were adjusted for one another and socio-economic characteristics by multivariate linear and multinomial regression models (RPR: relative prevalence ratios). Skipping breakfast prior to morning urine sampling decreased UIC by 40 to 50 μg/L and the proportion of UIC < 100 μg/L was higher among children having those skipped breakfast (RPR = 3.2[1.0-10.4]). In unadjusted analyses, UIC was less among children sampled more than 5 h from their last meal. UIC decreased with rank of urine void (e.g., first vs. second, P < 0.001); also, the proportion of UIC < 100 μg/L was greater among 4th rank samples (vs. second RPR = 2.1[1.1-4.0]). Subjects' breakfast status and urine void rank should be accounted for when assessing iodine status. Providing recommendations to standardize pre-analytical factors is a key step toward improving accuracy and comparability of survey results for assessing iodine status from spot urine samples. These recommendations have to be evaluated by future research.

  6. Understanding Unintended Consequences and Health Information Technology:. Contribution from the IMIA Organizational and Social Issues Working Group.

    PubMed

    Kuziemsky, C E; Randell, R; Borycki, E M

    2016-11-10

    No framework exists to identify and study unintended consequences (UICs) with a focus on organizational and social issues (OSIs). To address this shortcoming, we conducted a literature review to develop a framework for considering UICs and health information technology (HIT) from the perspective of OSIs. A literature review was conducted for the period 2000- 2015 using the search terms "unintended consequences" and "health information technology". 67 papers were screened, of which 18 met inclusion criteria. Data extraction was focused on the types of technologies studied, types of UICs identified, and methods of data collection and analysis used. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to UICs. We identified two overarching themes. One was the definition and terminology of how people classify and discuss UICs. Second was OSIs and UICs. For the OSI theme, we also identified four sub-themes: process change and evolution, individual-collaborative interchange, context of use, and approaches to model, study, and understand UICs. While there is a wide body of research on UICs, there is a lack of overall consensus on how they should be classified and reported, limiting our ability to understand the implications of UICs and how to manage them. More mixed-methods research and better proactive identification of UICs remain priorities. Our findings and framework of OSI considerations for studying UICs and HIT extend existing work on HIT and UICs by focusing on organizational and social issues.

  7. Understanding Unintended Consequences and Health Information Technology:

    PubMed Central

    Randell, R.; Borycki, E. M.

    2016-01-01

    Summary Objective No framework exists to identify and study unintended consequences (UICs) with a focus on organizational and social issues (OSIs). To address this shortcoming, we conducted a literature review to develop a framework for considering UICs and health information technology (HIT) from the perspective of OSIs. Methods A literature review was conducted for the period 2000-2015 using the search terms “unintended consequences” and “health information technology”. 67 papers were screened, of which 18 met inclusion criteria. Data extraction was focused on the types of technologies studied, types of UICs identified, and methods of data collection and analysis used. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to UICs. Results We identified two overarching themes. One was the definition and terminology of how people classify and discuss UICs. Second was OSIs and UICs. For the OSI theme, we also identified four sub-themes: process change and evolution, individual-collaborative interchange, context of use, and approaches to model, study, and understand UICs. Conclusions While there is a wide body of research on UICs, there is a lack of overall consensus on how they should be classified and reported, limiting our ability to understand the implications of UICs and how to manage them. More mixed-methods research and better proactive identification of UICs remain priorities. Our findings and framework of OSI considerations for studying UICs and HIT extend existing work on HIT and UICs by focusing on organizational and social issues. PMID:27830231

  8. 40 CFR 146.1 - Applicability and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS General Provisions § 146.1 Applicability and scope. (a) This part sets forth technical criteria and standards for the Underground Injection Control... of a State UIC program by the Administrator, any underground injection which is not authorized by the...

  9. Innovative data tools: a suite for managing peer outreach to key affected populations in Viet Nam

    PubMed Central

    Jacka, David; Van Hai, Nguyen; Trinh, Nguyen Kieu; Boisen, Neil; Neukom, Josselyn

    2012-01-01

    Problem The paper tools used to monitor outreach work in all major cities in Viet Nam had substantial writing requirements for each contact with difficulty maintaining confidentiality. Action This paper describes the development of a Unique Identifier Code (UIC), a field data collection notebook (databook) and a computer data entry system in Viet Nam. The databook can document 40 individual clients and has space for commodity distribution, group contacts and needles/syringe collection for each month. Outcome Field implementation trials of the UIC and databook have been undertaken by more than 160 peer outreach workers to document their work with people who inject drugs (PWID) and sex workers (SW). Following an expanded trial in Hai Phong province, there have been requests for national circulation of the databook to be used by peer educators documenting outreach to PWID, SW and men who have sex with men. The standardized UIC and databook, in a variety of locally adapted formats, have now been introduced in more than 40 of the 63 provinces in Viet Nam. Discussion This development in Viet Nam is, to our knowledge, the first example of the combination of a confidential UIC and an innovative, simple pocket-sized paper instrument with associated customized data-entry software for documenting outreach. PMID:23908919

  10. Innovative data tools: a suite for managing peer outreach to key affected populations in Viet Nam.

    PubMed

    Nga, Nguyen Thien; Jacka, David; Van Hai, Nguyen; Trinh, Nguyen Kieu; Boisen, Neil; Neukom, Josselyn

    2012-07-01

    The paper tools used to monitor outreach work in all major cities in Viet Nam had substantial writing requirements for each contact with difficulty maintaining confidentiality. This paper describes the development of a Unique Identifier Code (UIC), a field data collection notebook (databook) and a computer data entry system in Viet Nam. The databook can document 40 individual clients and has space for commodity distribution, group contacts and needles/syringe collection for each month. Field implementation trials of the UIC and databook have been undertaken by more than 160 peer outreach workers to document their work with people who inject drugs (PWID) and sex workers (SW). Following an expanded trial in Hai Phong province, there have been requests for national circulation of the databook to be used by peer educators documenting outreach to PWID, SW and men who have sex with men. The standardized UIC and databook, in a variety of locally adapted formats, have now been introduced in more than 40 of the 63 provinces in Viet Nam. This development in Viet Nam is, to our knowledge, the first example of the combination of a confidential UIC and an innovative, simple pocket-sized paper instrument with associated customized data-entry software for documenting outreach.

  11. Historical Evaluation of Groundwater Responses to Underground Injection Controls in an Urban Watershed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harrison, M.; Haggerty, R.; Santelmann, M. V.

    2017-12-01

    Underground injection controls (UICs) are drywells designed to recharge stormwater to alleviate flooding events. The development of UICs affect the dynamics of the urban hydrologic setting in which more than half of precipitation can be recharged directly into UICs systems. This study seeks to better understand how the development of UICs affect groundwater levels and streamflows. The Portland, OR metropolitan area consist of well over 10,000 of UICs to mitigate flooding during storm events. This study evaluates historical precipitation, streamflow, and groundwater levels from over 20 monitoring wells within a watershed in the city Portland, OR along with well log data of UICs. UICs within the study area are approximately 30 feet in depth and have noted to contribute to about 12% of recharge. This study evaluates the dynamics of groundwater levels in relation towards the development of UICs. The results of obtained from this analysis is applied to model seasonal groundwater, precipitation, and streamflow relationships within a neighborhood subcatchment.

  12. Comparison of population iodine estimates from 24-hour urine and timed-spot urine samples.

    PubMed

    Perrine, Cria G; Cogswell, Mary E; Swanson, Christine A; Sullivan, Kevin M; Chen, Te-Ching; Carriquiry, Alicia L; Dodd, Kevin W; Caldwell, Kathleen L; Wang, Chia-Yih

    2014-04-01

    Median urine iodine concentration (UIC; μg/L) in spot urine samples is recommended for monitoring population iodine status. Other common measures are iodine:creatinine ratio (I/Cr; μg/g) and estimated 24-hour urine iodine excretion (UIE; I/Cr × predicted 24-hour Cr; μg/day). Despite different units, these measures are often used interchangeably, and it is unclear how they compare with the reference standard 24-hour UIE. Volunteers aged 18-39 years collected all their urine samples for 24 hours (n=400). Voids from morning, afternoon, evening, overnight, and a composite 24-hour sample were analyzed for iodine. We calculated median observed 24-hour UIE and 24-hour UIC, and spot UIC, I/Cr, and two measures of estimated UIE calculated using predicted 24-hour Cr from published estimates by Kesteloot and Joosens (varies by age and sex) and published equations by Mage et al. (varies by age, sex, race, and anthropometric measures). We examined mean differences and relative difference across iodine excretion levels using Bland-Altman plots. Median 24-hour UIE was 173.6 μg/day and 24-hour UIC was 144.8 μg/L. From timed-spot urine samples, estimates were: UIC 147.3-156.2 μg/L; I/Cr 103.6-114.3 μg/g, estimated 24-hour UIE (Kesteloot and Joosens) 145.7-163.3 μg/day; and estimated 24-hour UIE (Mage) 176.5-187.7 μg/day. Iodine measures did not vary consistently by timing of spot urine collection. Compared with observed 24-hour UIE, on average, estimated (Mage) 24-hour UIE was not significantly different, while estimated 24-hour UIE (Kesteloot and Joosens) was significantly different for some ethnicity/sex groups. Compared with 24-hour UIC, on average, spot UIC did not differ. Estimates of UIC, I/Cr, and estimated 24-hour UIE (I/Cr × predicted 24-hour Cr) from spot urine samples should not be used interchangeably. Estimated 24-hour UIE, where predicted 24-hour Cr varies by age, sex, ethnicity, and anthropometric measures and was calculated with prediction equations using data from the sample, was more comparable to observed 24-hour UIE than when predicted 24-hour Cr was from published estimates from a different population. However, currently no cutoffs exist to interpret population estimated 24-hour UIE values.

  13. 40 CFR 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD..., and PSD Permits. (a) Within 30 days after a RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD final permit decision (or a... may also decide on its own initiative to review any condition of any RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD permit...

  14. 40 CFR 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD..., and PSD Permits. (a) Within 30 days after a RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD final permit decision (or a... may also decide on its own initiative to review any condition of any RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD permit...

  15. 40 CFR 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES, and PSD..., and PSD Permits. (a) Within 30 days after a RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD final permit decision (or a... may also decide on its own initiative to review any condition of any RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD permit...

  16. Financial Responsibilities for Underground Injection Well Owners or Operators

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page provides information on UIC financial responsibility requirements, qualifying financial instrumentsRoles and responsibilities for operators and UIC Directors UIC Director’s and review procedures for financial responsibility instruments.

  17. Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification.

    PubMed

    Huynh, Dao; Condo, Dominique; Gibson, Robert; Muhlhausler, Beverly; Ryan, Philip; Skeaff, Sheila; Makrides, Maria; Zhou, Shao J

    2017-06-01

    Mandatory I fortification in bread was introduced in Australia in 2009 in response to the re-emergence of biochemical I deficiency based on median urinary I concentration (UIC)<100 µg/l. Data on the I status of lactating mothers and their infants in Australia are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to assess the I status, determined by UIC and breast milk I concentration (BMIC), of breast-feeding mothers in South Australia and UIC of their infants. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between the I status of mothers and their infants. The median UIC of the mothers (n 686) was 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 76-200) µg/l and median BMIC (n 538) was 127 (IQR 84-184) µg/l. In all, 38 and 36 % of the mothers had a UIC and BMIC below 100 µg/l, respectively. The median UIC of infants (n 628) was 198 (IQR 121-296) µg/l, and 17 % had UIC<100 µg/l. Infant UIC was positively associated with maternal UIC (β 0·26; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·37, P<0·001) and BMIC (β 0·85; 95 % CI 0·66, 1·04, P<0·001) at 3 months postpartum after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal secondary and further education, BMI category and infant feeding mode. The adjusted OR for infant UIC<100 µg/l was 6·49 (95 % CI 3·80, 11·08, P<0·001) in mothers with BMIC<100 µg/l compared with those with BMIC≥100 µg/l. The I status of mothers and breast-fed infants in South Australia, following mandatory I fortification, is indicative of I sufficiency. BMIC<100 µg/l increased the risk of biochemical I deficiency in breast-fed infants.

  18. Examination of iodine status in the German population: an example for methodological pitfalls of the current approach of iodine status assessment.

    PubMed

    Johner, S A; Thamm, M; Schmitz, R; Remer, T

    2016-04-01

    Preliminary iodine concentration (UIC) measurements in spot urines of the representative German adult study DEGS indicated a severe worsening of iodine status compared to previous results in German children (KiGGS study). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate adult iodine status in detail and to investigate the impact of hydration status on UIC. UIC and creatinine concentrations were measured in 6978 spot urines from the German nationwide DEGS study (2008-2011). Twenty-four-hour iodine excretions (24-h UIE) were estimated by relating iodine/creatinine ratios to age- and sex-specific 24-h creatinine reference values. Urine osmolality was measured in two subsamples of spot urines (n = 100 each) to determine the impact of hydration status on UIC. In DEGS, median UIC was 69 µg/L in men and 54 µg/L in women, lying clearly below the WHO cutoff for iodine sufficiency (100 µg/L). Estimated median 24-h UIE was 113 µg/day, accompanied by 32 % of DEGS adults, lying below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for iodine. Comparative analysis with the KiGGS data (>14,000 spot urines of children; median UIC 117 µg/L) revealed a comparable percentage

  19. Final Technical Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miller, Robert A.

    2007-04-18

    From September 1, 2002, to November 30, 2006, the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) conducted over 120 industrial assessments across 19 different industry types in five different states. In the 1,000+ assessment recommendations written during the award, the UIC-IAC has written recommendations that, if implemented will save several millions of kilowatt-hours of electricity and several million British thermal units of natural gas annually. Additionally, the UIC-IAC has achieved an overall implementation rate in excess of 50%. During the overall span of the award period, the UIC-IAC has trained over 50 students, nearly 25%more » of which have remained in the energy field in some way after graduating from the IAC program. UIC-IAC students have received over $23,000 in scholarships in the last two years alone. During the course of the award, the UIC-IAC has made it a priority to incorporate ITP tools and technologies whenever possible. The ITP Best Practices tools have been used on several assessments and introduced to clients. DOE technologies are constantly compared against assessment clients to determine what technologies have reached the stage where they can effectively be introduced into industrial operations. The UIC-IAC has been involved in several projects for the Department of Energy (DOE), including energy assessments of Department of Defense bases and industrial facilities, the Plant Energy Profiler (PEP) tool assessment, and expanding the range of assessments to include large- energy users. Additionally, the UIC-IAC has forged a close relationship with the Midwest CHP Application Center, working to incorporate combined heat and power (CHP) and distributed generation (DG) technologies into industrial plants. The most recent project is the Save Energy Now (SEN) six- and 12-month follow-up surveys being conducted by UIC-IAC students. The SEN surveys are an effort for the DOE to determine the implementation rate of energy efficiency measures identified by Qualified System (QS) specialists throughout the nation. The UIC-IAC has also written several papers highlighting its work in the arena of energy efficiency. Currently, several UIC-IAC students have submitted a paper to the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). This paper has been accepted by ACEEE and will be presented later in 2007.« less

  20. Excelsior Mining Arizona, Inc. Gunnison Copper Project Class III UIC Area Permit and Aquifer Exemption

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    UIC Area Permit R9UIC-AZ3-FY16-1 and supporting documents for Class III In-Situ Production of Copper: Gunnison Copper Project, Cochise County, AZ, issued to Excelsior Mining Arizona Inc., Concord Place, Suite 300, 2999 North 44th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85018.

  1. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Esser, Lothar; Shukla, Suneet; Zhou, Fei

    P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a polyspecific ATP-dependent transporter linked to multidrug resistance in cancers that plays important roles in the pharmacokinetics of a large number of drugs. The drug-resistance phenotype of P-gp can be modulated by the monoclonal antibody UIC2, which specifically recognizes human P-gp in a conformation-dependent manner. Here, the purification, sequence determination and high-resolution structure of the Fab fragment of UIC2 (UIC2/Fab) are reported. Purified UIC2/Fab binds human P-gp with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Crystals of UIC2/Fab are triclinic (space groupP1), with unit-cell parametersa= 40.67,b= 44.91,c= 58.09 Å, α = 97.62, β = 99.10, γ = 94.09°, and diffracted X-rays tomore » 1.6 Å resolution. The structure was determined by molecular replacement and refined to 1.65 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of UIC2/Fab, which exhibits a positively charged antigen-binding surface, suggesting that it might recognize an oppositely charged extracellular epitope of P-gp.« less

  2. Optimal and safe upper limits of iodine intake for early pregnancy in iodine-sufficient regions: a cross-sectional study of 7190 pregnant women in China.

    PubMed

    Shi, Xiaoguang; Han, Cheng; Li, Chenyan; Mao, Jinyuan; Wang, Weiwei; Xie, Xiaochen; Li, Chenyang; Xu, Bin; Meng, Tao; Du, Jianling; Zhang, Shaowei; Gao, Zhengnan; Zhang, Xiaomei; Fan, Chenling; Shan, Zhongyan; Teng, Weiping

    2015-04-01

    The WHO Technical Consultation recommends urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) from 250 to 499 μg/L as more-than-adequate iodine intake and UIC ≥ 500 μg/L as excessive iodine for pregnant and lactating women, but scientific evidence for this is weak. We investigated optimal and safe ranges of iodine intake during early pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient region of China. Seven thousand one hundred ninety pregnant women at 4-8 weeks gestation were investigated and their UIC, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was lowest in the group with UIC 150-249 μg/L, which corresponded to the lowest serum Tg concentration (10.18 μg/L). Prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism (2.4%) and isolated hypothyroxinemia (1.7%) were lower in the group with UIC 150-249 μg/L. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that more-than-adequate iodine intake (UIC 250-499 μg/L) and excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥ 500 μg/L) were associated with a 1.72-fold and a 2.17-fold increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, respectively. Meanwhile, excessive iodine intake was associated with a 2.85-fold increased risk of isolated hypothyroxinemia. Moreover, the prevalence of TPOAb positivity and TgAb positivity presented a U-shaped curve, ranging from mild iodine deficiency to iodine excess. The upper limit of iodine intake during early pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient region should not exceed UIC 250 μg/L, because this is associated with a significantly high risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, and a UIC of 500 μg/L should not be exceeded, as it is associated with a significantly high risk of isolated hypothyroxinemia.

  3. Supplementation during pregnancy with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Young, Rebecca T; Lartey, Anna; Okronipa, Harriet; Ashorn, Per; Ashorn, Ulla; Zeilani, Mamane; Dewey, Kathryn G

    2018-04-01

    There is little information on whether prenatal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements containing iodine affect women's iodine status. In the International Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements DYAD-Ghana trial, we aimed to assess women's urinary iodine concentration (UIC, μg/L) during pregnancy, as one of the planned secondary outcomes. Women (n = 1,320) <20 weeks of gestation were randomized to consume 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid per day (iron and folic acid [IFA]); 18 vitamins and minerals including 250 μg iodine per day (MMN); or 20 g/day of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with the same and additional 4 vitamins and minerals as the MMN (LNS). In a subsample (n = 295), we tested differences in groups' geometric mean UICs at 36 weeks of gestation controlling for baseline UIC and compared the geometric means (approximately median UICs) with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs: median UIC <150, 150-249, and ≥500 reflecting low, adequate, and excessive iodine intakes, respectively. At baseline, overall median UIC was 137. At 36 weeks of gestation, controlling for baseline UIC, geometric mean (95% confidence interval) UICs of the MMN (161 [133, 184]) and LNS (158 [132, 185]) groups did not differ; both values were significantly greater (overall p = .004) than that of the IFA group (116 [101, 135]). The median UICs of the MMN and LNS groups were within the WHO "adequate" range, whereas that of the IFA group was below the WHO adequate range. In this setting, supplementation during pregnancy with small-quantity LNS or MMN providing iodine at the WHO-recommended dose, compared with IFA, increases the likelihood of adequate iodine status. © 2017 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. 40 CFR 124.3 - Application for a permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requires a permit under the RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD programs shall complete, sign, and submit to the Director an application for each permit required under §§ 270.1 (RCRA), 144.1 (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD... (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD), and 122.21 (NPDES). (3) Permit applications (except for PSD permits) must...

  5. 40 CFR 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES and PSD Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES and PSD... PSD Permits. (a) Petitioning for review of a permit decision. (1) Initiating an appeal. Appeal from a RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD final permit decision issued under § 124.15 of this part, or a decision to...

  6. 40 CFR 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES and PSD Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES and PSD... PSD Permits. (a) Petitioning for review of a permit decision. (1) Initiating an appeal. Appeal from a RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD final permit decision issued under § 124.15 of this part, or a decision to...

  7. New Statistical Approach to Apportion Dietary Sources of Iodine Intake: Findings from Kenya, Senegal and India

    PubMed Central

    Knowles, Jacky; Bukania, Zipporah; Camara, Boubacar; Pandav, Chandrakant S.; Mwai, John Maina; Toure, Ndeye Khady; Yadav, Kapil

    2018-01-01

    Progress of national Universal Salt Iodization (USI) strategies is typically assessed by household coverage of adequately iodized salt and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot urine collections. However, household coverage does not inform on the iodized salt used in preparation of processed foods outside homes, nor does the total UIC reflect the portion of population iodine intake attributable to the USI strategy. This study used data from three population-representative surveys of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kenya, Senegal and India to develop and illustrate a new approach to apportion the population UIC levels by the principal dietary sources of iodine intake, namely native iodine, iodine in processed food salt and iodine in household salt. The technique requires measurement of urinary sodium concentrations (UNaC) in the same spot urine samples collected for iodine status assessment. Taking into account the different complex survey designs of each survey, generalized linear regression (GLR) analyses were performed in which the UIC data of WRA was set as the outcome variable that depends on their UNaC and household salt iodine (SI) data as explanatory variables. Estimates of the UIC portions that correspond to iodine intake sources were calculated with use of the intercept and regression coefficients for the UNaC and SI variables in each country’s regression equation. GLR coefficients for UNaC and SI were significant in all country-specific models. Rural location did not show a significant association in any country when controlled for other explanatory variables. The estimated UIC portion from native dietary iodine intake in each country fell below the minimum threshold for iodine sufficiency. The UIC portion arising from processed food salt in Kenya was substantially higher than in Senegal and India, while the UIC portions from household salt use varied in accordance with the mean level of household SI content in the country surveys. The UIC portions and all-salt-derived iodine intakes found in this study were illustrative of existing differences in national USI legislative frameworks and national salt supply situations between countries. The approach of apportioning the population UIC from spot urine collections may be useful for future monitoring of change in iodine nutrition from reduced salt use in processed foods and in households. PMID:29596369

  8. Tribal water utility management

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-03-01

    Contents: primacy program (what is primacy, advantages and disadvantages, treatment as a state, grant applications and funding); safe drinking water act (sampling requirements, coliform standard, public notification, surface water treatment rule impacts, uic and wellhead protection programs, lead/copper rule); water utility management (how is the utility program evaluated, who's responsible, what is the board and tribal council role).

  9. Bridges to the Doctorate: mentored transition to successful completion of doctoral study for underrepresented minorities in nursing science.

    PubMed

    Kim, Mi Ja; Holm, Karyn; Gerard, Peggy; McElmurry, Beverly; Foreman, Mark; Poslusny, Susan; Dallas, Constance

    2009-01-01

    Nursing has a shortage of doctorally-prepared underrepresented minority (URM) scientists/faculty. We describe a five-year University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Bridges program for URM master's students' transition to doctoral study and factors in retention/graduation from the PhD program. Four master' students from two partner schools were recruited/appointed per year and assigned UIC faculty advisors. They completed 10 UIC credits during master's study and were mentored by Bridges faculty. Administrative and financial support was provided during transition and doctoral study. Partner schools' faculty formed research dyads with UIC faculty. Seventeen Bridges students were appointed to the Bridges program: 12 were admitted to the UIC PhD program since 2004 and one graduated in 2007. Eight Bridges faculty research dyads published 5 articles and submitted 1 NIH R03 application. Mentored transition from master's through doctoral program completion and administrative/financial support for students were key factors in program success. Faculty research dyads enhanced the research climate in partner schools.

  10. A simple micro-photometric method for urinary iodine determination.

    PubMed

    Grimm, Gabriele; Lindorfer, Heidelinde; Kieweg, Heidi; Marculescu, Rodrig; Hoffmann, Martha; Gessl, Alois; Sager, Manfred; Bieglmayer, Christian

    2011-10-01

    Urinary iodide concentration (UIC) is useful to evaluate nutritional iodine status. In clinical settings UIC helps to exclude blocking of the thyroid gland by excessive endogenous iodine, if diagnostic or therapeutic administration of radio-iodine is indicated. Therefore, this study established a simple test for the measurement of UIC. UIC was analyzed in urine samples of 200 patients. Samples were pre-treated at 95°C for 45 min with ammonium persulfate in a thermal cycler, followed by a photometric Sandell-Kolthoff reaction (SK) carried out in microtiter plates. For method comparison, UIC was analyzed in 30 samples by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectro-metry (ICP-MS) as a reference method. Incubation conditions were optimized concerning recovery. The photometric test correlated well to the reference method (SK=0.91*ICP-MS+1, r=0.962) and presented with a functional sensitivity of 20 μg/L. UIC of patient samples ranged from <20 to 750 μg/L (median 110 μg/L); 90% of the urine samples had iodide concentrations below 210 μg/L. The modified SK-test takes approximately 90 min for analyses of 20 urine samples compared with 27 h for ICP-MS. The photometric test provides satisfactory results and can be performed with the basic equipment of a clinical laboratory.

  11. Iodine status in pregnancy: role of dietary habits and geographical origin.

    PubMed

    Mian, Caterina; Vitaliano, Pantaleo; Pozza, Dina; Barollo, Susi; Pitton, Mariangela; Callegari, Giovanna; Di Gianantonio, Elena; Casaro, Anna; Nacamulli, Davide; Busnardo, Benedetto; Mantero, Franco; Girelli, Maria Elisa

    2009-05-01

    A study was conducted on iodine status during pregnancy and its dependence on dietary habits, racial and geographical origin, and time since arrival in Italy. We enrolled 322 consecutive pregnant women: 217 Italians, 62 Eastern Europeans and 43 from Northern and Central Africa. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire on their dietary habits. The urinary iodide concentration (UIC) was determined in spot morning urine samples. In the group as a whole, the median UIC was 83 microg/l; the UIC was < 50 in 33% and of 150 microg/l or more in 27%; it was significantly lower in Africans and Eastern Europeans than in Italians (medians 45 and 46 vs. 100 microg/l, respectively, P = 0.005). For the foreign women, there was a significant correlation between UIC and time since arrival in Italy (r = 0.22, P = 0.02). A significant link emerged between UIC and cow's milk intake (P = 0.0001). Iodine supplements were used by 40% of the women, and UIC were higher in those who did so than in those who did not (median 103 vs. 75 microg/l, P = 0.03), particularly if the latter did not drink milk (median 98 vs. 42 microg/l, P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that milk was the only variable influencing UIC (OR 1.29, P = 0.0005). (i) Iodine levels are too low among pregnant women in our region, and particularly in foreign women. (ii) Cow's milk intake is their main source of iodine. (iii) Iodine supplementation is mandatory during pregnancy, particularly for women do not drink milk.

  12. Iodine Nutrition and the Prevalence of Thyroid Disease after Salt Iodization: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Shanghai, a Coastal Area in China

    PubMed Central

    Zou, Shurong; Wu, Fan; Guo, Changyi; Song, Jun; Huang, Cuihua; Zhu, Zhenni; Yu, Huiting; Guo, Yanfei; Lu, Xi; Ruan, Ye

    2012-01-01

    Background Both insufficient and excess iodine may produce thyroid disease. After salt iodization in China, the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of children aged 8–10 years appeared adequate. However, it is unknown whether dietary changes due to rapid economic development in Shanghai have affected whole population iodine nutrition. Objective To assess dietary iodine intake, UIC and the prevalence of thyroid disease in the general population of Shanghai. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted with general participants aged 5–69 years (n = 7,904) plus pregnant and lactating women (n = 380 each) selected by stratified multistage sampling. The iodine concentrations in their salt, drinking water and urine were measured. Daily iodine intake was estimated using the total diet study approach. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and thyroid-related antibodies were measured and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. Results The median iodine concentration in salt was 29.5 mg/kg, and 12.8 µg/L in drinking water. Iodized salt, used by 95.3% of participants, contributed 63.5% of total dietary iodine. Estimated daily iodine intake was 225.96 µg. The median UIC of general participants was 146.7 µg/L; UIC <100 µg/L (iodine insufficiency) was seen in 28.6%; UIC >300 µg/L (iodine excess) in 10.1%. Pregnant women had a median UIC of 135.9 µg/L, with UIC <150 µg/L in 55.4%. Thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism were found in 27.44% and 9.17%, respectively. Conclusions According to published criteria, the current dietary iodine intake in Shanghai was generally sufficient and safe, but insufficient in pregnant women. Thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism were the commonest thyroid diseases identified. PMID:22911705

  13. The Iodine Status of Queensland Preschool Children After the Introduction of Mandatory Iodine Fortification in Bread: An Exploratory Study Using a Convenience Sample.

    PubMed

    Samidurai, A J; Ware, R S; Davies, P S W

    2017-01-01

    Introduction Appropriate dietary iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, especially in young children. Following an iodine fortification in bread initiative, approximately 6 % of Australian preschool children were expected to have an excessive iodine status. The aim of this study was to document the current iodine status of preschool children using urinary iodine concentration (UIC) as a biomarker of iodine intake. Methods A convenience sample of fifty-one preschool children, aged 2-3 years, were recruited from south east Queensland. UIC was ascertained from spot morning and afternoon urine samples collected on two consecutive days and food frequency questionnaires were completed for each participant. Dietary iodine intake was extrapolated from UIC assuming 90 % of dietary iodine is excreted in urine and a urine volume of 0.5 L/day. Results A median UIC of 223.3 μg/L was found. The calculated median dietary iodine intake was 124.8 μg/day (SD 47.0) with 9.8 % of samples above the upper level of 200 μg for dietary iodine for children within this age group. No foods were associated with UIC. Discussion Limited by sample size and recruitment strategies, no association was found between usual food intake and UIC. Extrapolated dietary iodine intake indicated that children within this cohort consumed adequate amounts of dietary iodine, although the number of children consuming above the upper limit of 300 μg/day was almost double of expected. The development of a UIC criteria to assess appropriate parameters for varying degrees of iodine status is required for the monitoring of iodine nutrition in this vulnerable age group.

  14. An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Zhifang; Zhu, Wenming; Mo, Zhe; Wang, Yuanyang; Mao, Guangming; Wang, Xiaofeng; Lou, Xiaoming

    2017-01-01

    Universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented for two decades in China. It is crucial to periodically monitor iodine status in the most vulnerable population, such as pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in an evidence-proved iodine-sufficient province to evaluate iodine intake in pregnancy. According to the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommendation criteria of adequate iodine intake in pregnancy (150–249 µg/L), the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the total 8159 recruited pregnant women was 147.5 µg/L, which indicated pregnant women had iodine deficiency at the province level. Overall, 51.0% of the total study participants had iodine deficiency with a UIC < 150 µg/L and only 32.9% of them had adequate iodine. Participants living in coastal areas had iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 130.1 µg/L, while those in inland areas had marginally adequate iodine intake with a median UIC of 158.1 µg/L (p < 0.001). Among the total study participants, 450 pregnant women consuming non-iodized salt had mild-moderate iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 99.6 µg/L; 7363 pregnant women consuming adequately iodized salt had a lightly statistically higher median UIC of 151.9 µg/L, compared with the recommended adequate level by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD (p < 0.001). Consuming adequately iodized salt seemed to lightly increase the median UIC level, but it may not be enough to correct iodine nutrition status to an optimum level as recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. We therefore suggest that, besides strengthening USI policy, additional interventive measure may be needed to improve iodine intake in pregnancy. PMID:28230748

  15. An Increase in Consuming Adequately Iodized Salt May Not Be Enough to Rectify Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Area of China.

    PubMed

    Wang, Zhifang; Zhu, Wenming; Mo, Zhe; Wang, Yuanyang; Mao, Guangming; Wang, Xiaofeng; Lou, Xiaoming

    2017-02-20

    Universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented for two decades in China. It is crucial to periodically monitor iodine status in the most vulnerable population, such as pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in an evidence-proved iodine-sufficient province to evaluate iodine intake in pregnancy. According to the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommendation criteria of adequate iodine intake in pregnancy (150-249 µg/L), the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the total 8159 recruited pregnant women was 147.5 µg/L, which indicated pregnant women had iodine deficiency at the province level. Overall, 51.0% of the total study participants had iodine deficiency with a UIC < 150 µg/L and only 32.9% of them had adequate iodine. Participants living in coastal areas had iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 130.1 µg/L, while those in inland areas had marginally adequate iodine intake with a median UIC of 158.1 µg/L ( p < 0.001). Among the total study participants, 450 pregnant women consuming non-iodized salt had mild-moderate iodine deficiency with a median UIC of 99.6 µg/L; 7363 pregnant women consuming adequately iodized salt had a lightly statistically higher median UIC of 151.9 µg/L, compared with the recommended adequate level by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD ( p < 0.001). Consuming adequately iodized salt seemed to lightly increase the median UIC level, but it may not be enough to correct iodine nutrition status to an optimum level as recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD. We therefore suggest that, besides strengthening USI policy, additional interventive measure may be needed to improve iodine intake in pregnancy.

  16. Iodine Deficiency in a Study Population of Norwegian Pregnant Women-Results from the Little in Norway Study (LiN).

    PubMed

    Dahl, Lisbeth; Wik Markhus, Maria; Sanchez, Perla Vanessa Roldan; Moe, Vibeke; Smith, Lars; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Kjellevold, Marian

    2018-04-20

    Iodine sufficiency is particularly important in pregnancy, where median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in the range of 150⁻250 µg/L indicates adequate iodine status. The aims of this study were to determine UIC and assess if dietary and maternal characteristics influence the iodine status in pregnant Norwegian women. The study comprises a cross-sectional population-based prospective cohort of pregnant women (Little in Norway (LiN)). Median UIC in 954 urine samples was 85 µg/L and 78.4% of the samples ( n = 748) were ≤150 µg/L. 23.2% ( n = 221) of the samples were ≤50 µg/L and 5.2% ( n = 50) were above the requirements of iodine intake (>250 µg/L). Frequent iodine-supplement users ( n = 144) had significantly higher UIC (120 µg/L) than non-frequent users (75 µg/L). Frequent milk and dairy product consumers (4⁻9 portions/day) had significantly higher UIC (99 µg/L) than women consuming 0⁻1 portion/day (57 µg/L) or 2⁻3 portions/day (83 µg/L). Women living in mid-Norway ( n = 255) had lowest UIC (72 µg/L). In conclusion, this study shows that the diet of the pregnant women did not necessarily secure a sufficient iodine intake. There is an urgent need for public health strategies to secure adequate iodine nutrition among pregnant women in Norway.

  17. Railway vehicle body structures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1985-01-01

    The strength and durability of railway vehicle structures is a major topic of engineering research and design. To reflect this importance the Railway Division of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers organised a conference to discuss all matters relating to railway vehicle design. This book presents the papers discussed in that conference. The contents include: Vehicle body design and the UIC's international contribution; LUL prototype 1986 stock - body structure; vehicle structure for the intermediate capacity transmit system vehicles; car body technology of advanced light rapid transit vehicles; concepts, techniques and experience in the idealization of car body structures for finitemore » element analysis; Calcutta metropolitan railway; design for a lightweight diesel multiple unit body; the design of lightweight inter-city coal structures; the BREL international coach body shell structure; new concepts and design techniques versus material standards; structures of BR diesel electric freight locomotives; structural design philosophy for electric locomotives; suspension design for a locomotive with low structural frequencies; freight wagon structures; a finite element study of coal bodyside panels including the effects of joint flexibility; a fresh approach to the problem of car body design strength; energy absorption in automatic couplings and draw gear; passenger vehicle design loads and structural crashworthiness; design of the front part of railway vehicles (in case of frontal impact); the development of a theoretical technique for rail vehicle structural crashworthiness.« less

  18. Breast-Milk Iodine Concentrations, Iodine Status, and Thyroid Function of Breastfed Infants Aged 2-4 Months and Their Mothers Residing in a South African Township.

    PubMed

    Osei, Jennifer; Andersson, Maria; Reijden, Olivia van der; Dold, Susanne; Smuts, Cornelius M; Baumgartner, Jeannine

    2016-12-01

    Lactating women and their infants are susceptible to iodine deficiency and iodine excess. In South Africa, no data exist on the iodine status and thyroid function of these vulnerable groups. In a cross-sectional study, urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), thyroid function, and breast-milk iodine concentrations (BMIC) were assessed in 100 lactating women from a South African township and their 2-4-month-old breastfed infants. Potential predictors of UIC, thyroid function, and BMIC, including household salt iodine concentrations (SIC) and maternal sodium excretion, were also investigated. The median (25th-75th percentile) UIC was 373 (202-627) μg/L in infants and 118 (67-179) μg/L in mothers. Median household SIC was 44 (27-63) ppm. Household SIC and maternal urinary sodium excretion predicted UIC of lactating mothers. Median BMIC was 179 (126-269) μg/L. Age of infants, SIC, and maternal UIC predicted BMIC. In turn, infant age and BMIC predicted UIC of infants. Forty-two percent of SIC values were within the South African recommended salt iodine fortification level at production of 35-65 ppm, whilst 21% of SIC were >65 ppm. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and thyroglobulin concentrations in the dried whole blood spot specimens from the infants were 1.3 (0.8-1.9) mU/L, 128±33 mmol/L, and 77.1 (56.3-105.7) μg/L, respectively, and did not correlate with infant UIC or BMIC. Our results suggest that the salt fortification program in South Africa provides adequate iodine to lactating women and indirectly to their infants via breast milk. However, monitoring of salt iodine content of the mandatory salt iodization program in South Africa is important to avoid over-iodization of salt.

  19. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    This manual is a guide to use of the file protection mechanisms available on the Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. KSV VAXes. User identification codes (UICs) and general identifiers are discussed as a basis for understanding UIC-based and access control list (ACL) protection.

  20. Excessive Iodine Intake and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-19 Years: Results of the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015.

    PubMed

    Kang, Min Jae; Hwang, Il Tae; Chung, Hye Rim

    2018-06-01

    Iodine is an important element for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, and its deficiency or excessive intake is associated with various thyroid diseases. Little is known about the association between iodine status and thyroid function among children and adolescents living in iodine-rich areas. Therefore, this study analyzed this association using data from a nationwide survey. From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys VI (2013-2015) data, 1288 subjects (711 male) aged 6-19 years who underwent a urinary iodine concentration (UIC) test and 1000 subjects (564 male) aged 10-19 years who underwent a thyroid function test were included in this study. Serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were analyzed. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was defined as TSH >5.5 μIU/mL with a normal fT4 level. Median daily iodine intake was calculated from the UIC. Daily sodium intake was derived from the nutritional survey data of 1181 subjects. The median UIC was 449 μg/L (range 15-21,905 μg/L), and the prevalence rates of UIC ≥300 μg/L and ≥1000 μg/L were 64.9% and 25.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of a sodium intake >2000 mg/day and iodine intake >2400 μg/day were 75.0% (885/1181) and 12.7% (164/1288), respectively. The prevalence rates of SCH and TPOAb >34 IU/mL were 7.2% (72/1000) and 2.3% (23/1000), respectively. The prevalence of SCH was significantly higher in the iodine deficient and iodine excess groups compared to those in the UIC 100-299.9 μg/L group (p = 0.038). Therefore, there was a U-shaped and inverted U-shaped correlation between serum levels of TSH and fT4 with UIC, respectively. These correlations were especially prominent when UIC was >1000 μg/L. There was no definite correlation between TPOAb and UIC. Excess iodine was prevalent in Korean children and adolescents, and it may be associated with SCH. Therefore, monitoring the iodine status and education on adequate intake are needed in iodine-rich areas.

  1. Iodine nutrition status in lactating mothers residing in countries with mandatory and voluntary iodine fortification programs: an updated systematic review.

    PubMed

    Nazeri, Pantea; Mirmiran, Parvin; Shiva, Niloofar; Mehrabi, Yadollah; Mojarrad, Mehdi; Azizi, Fereidoun

    2015-06-01

    The aim of this review is to assess data available on iodine nutrition status in lactating mothers residing in countries with mandatory and voluntary iodine fortification programs and/or iodine supplementation. A systematic review was conducted by searching articles published between 1964 and 2013 in Pub Med, ISI Web, and Cochrane Library using iodine nutrition, lactation, iodine supplementation, and iodine fortification as keywords for titles and/or abstracts. Relevant articles were included if they reported urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in lactating mothers and, if determined, the type of iodine fortification program and/or iodine supplementation. Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 21 studies assessed lactating mothers in countries with a mandatory iodine fortification program, 17 studies were from countries with voluntary and/or without iodine fortification programs, and four studies assessed iodine nutrition status in lactating mothers undergoing iodine supplementation. Among countries with mandatory iodine fortification programs, the range of salt iodization level in lactating mothers with a UIC <100 μg/L was between 8 and 40 ppm, whereas among lactating mothers with UIC >100 μg/L, it was between 15 and 60 ppm. Levels of UIC <100 μg/L were observed among lactating women in India, Denmark, Mali, New Zealand, Australia, Slovakia, Sudan, and Turkey, whereas in countries such as Chile, Iran, Mongolia, New Guinea, and Nigeria, the median or mean of UIC was >100 μg/L. There was a median or mean UIC <100 μg/L in nearly all lactating mothers residing in countries where implementation of universal salt iodization program was voluntary, including Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and Germany. However, in some countries with voluntary iodine fortification programs, such as the United States, Spain, and Japan, a mean or median UIC of >100 μg/L has been reported. Although universal salt iodization is still the most feasible and cost-effective approach for iodine deficiency control in pregnant and lactating mothers, UIC in lactating mothers of most countries with voluntary programs and in areas with mandatory iodine fortification is still within the iodine deficiency range, indicating that iodine supplementation in daily prenatal vitamin/mineral supplements in lactating mothers is warranted. However, further investigations are still recommended in this regard.

  2. Merocyclophanes C and D from the Cultured Freshwater Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. (UIC 10110).

    PubMed

    May, Daniel S; Chen, Wei-Lun; Lantvit, Daniel D; Zhang, Xiaoli; Krunic, Aleksej; Burdette, Joanna E; Eustaquio, Alessandra; Orjala, Jimmy

    2017-04-28

    Merocyclophanes C and D (1 and 2) were isolated from the cell extract of the cultured cyanobacterium UIC 10110. The structures were determined by one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and confirmed by 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations were determined using electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Merocyclophanes C and D represent the first known analogues of the merocyclophane core structure, a recently discovered scaffold of [7,7] paracyclophanes characterized by an α-branched methyl at C-1/C-14; 1 and 2 showed antiproliferative activity against the MDA-MB-435 cell line with IC 50 values of 1.6 and 0.9 μM, respectively. Partial 16S analysis determined UIC 10110 to be a Nostoc sp., and it was found to clade with UIC 10062 Nostoc sp., the only other strain known to produce merocyclophanes. The genome of UIC 10110 was sequenced, and a biosynthetic gene cluster was identified that is proposed to encode type I and type III polyketide synthases that are potentially responsible for production of the merocyclophanes; however, further experiments will be required to verify the true function of the gene cluster. The gene cluster provides a genetic basis for the observed structural differences of the [7,7] paracyclophane core structures.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    This manual is a guide to use the file protection mechanisms available on the Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Scientific and Technical Computing (STC) System VAXes. User identification codes (UICs) and general identifiers are discussed as a basis for understanding UIC-based and access control list (ACL) protection. 5 figs.

  4. CXA La Paloma, LLC: UIC Class I Permit No.CA10710001

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Documents related to La Paloma Generating Company, LLC's (LPGC) application for a UIC permit renewal (of permit #CA199000001) to operate a Class I injection well facility to dispose of non-hazardous wastewater from the La Paloma Generating Plant.

  5. County of Hawai’i: Administrative Order on Consent; Docket No. SDWA-UIC-AOC-2017-0002

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Documents related to the Administrative Order on Consent (“Consent Order”) between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 (“EPA”) and the County of Hawai‘i. Docket No. SDWA-UIC-AOC-2017-0002.

  6. Inadequate status of iodine nutrition among pregnant women residing in three districts of Niamey, the Niger Republic's capital.

    PubMed

    Sadou, Hassimi; Seyfoulaye, Amina; Malam Alma, Mousbahou; Daouda, Hamani

    2014-10-01

    Universal dietary salt iodisation (UDSI) programme was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000, there has been a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine status among pregnant women in a context where national controls are not effective at ensuring universal availability of adequately iodised salt. This is mainly to assess the impact of the slowdown in the fight against iodine deficiency in this vulnerable group. The study was centred on 240 healthy pregnant women volunteers recruited in three districts primary health centres. A control group of 60 non-pregnant, non-lactating healthy women was also studied and compared. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of all pregnant women was 119 μg L(-1) , and 61.67% had UIC below 150 μg L(-1) . Median UIC for the first, second and third trimester were 144, 108 and 92 μg L(-1) , respectively. The percentage of pregnant women with UIC below 150 μg L(-1) increased from 52% in the first trimester to 66% in the third trimester. The median UIC of the control group was 166 μg L(-1) , and 28.33% had UIC below 100 μg L(-1) . No significant relationship was found between nutritional iodine status and provenance, age and parity. However, significant relationship was found between iodine status and stage of pregnancy, gestational age and educational level (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition status thus observed was inadequate in 61.67% of all the pregnant women. It is therefore urgent to revitalise implementation of the UDSI programme, and in the short term to consider iodine supplementation for pregnant women. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  7. Iodine status in a Sherpa community in a village of the Khumbu region of Nepal.

    PubMed

    Heydon, Emma E; Thomson, Christine D; Mann, Jim; Williams, Sheila M; Skeaff, Sheila A; Sherpa, Kami T; Heydon, John L

    2009-09-01

    To assess the iodine status of Sherpa residents living in Kunde village, Khumbu region, Nepal. Prevalence of goitre was determined by palpation. Urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) were determined in casual morning samples, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in finger-prick blood samples on filter paper. Dietary and demographic data were obtained via questionnaire, and selected foods analysed for iodine. Khumbu region is an area of low soil iodine in Nepal, where the prevalence of goitre was greater than 90% in the 1960s prior to iodine intervention. Two hundred and fifteen of 219 permanent residents of Kunde were studied. Overall prevalence of goitre was 31% (Grade 1 goitre, 27.0%; Grade 2, 4.2%). When adjusted to a world population, goitre prevalence was 27% (95% CI 23, 32%); Grade 2 goitre prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.0, 4.6%). Median UIC was 97 microg/l, but only 75 microg/l in women of childbearing age. Thirty per cent had UIC < 50 microg/l and 52% had UIC < 100 microg/l, while 31% of children aged <14 years had UIC > 300 microg/l. Ten per cent of participants had TSH concentrations >5 microU/ml. The prevalence of severe iodine deficiency has decreased since the 1960s, but mild iodine deficiency persists, particularly in women of childbearing age. The consumption of high-iodine uncooked instant noodles and flavour sachets by school-aged children contributed to their low prevalence of goitre and excessive UIC values. This finding may obscure a more severe iodine deficiency in the population, while increasing the risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism in children. Ongoing monitoring is essential.

  8. Regression Analysis to Identify Factors Associated with Urinary Iodine Concentration at the Sub-National Level in India, Ghana, and Senegal

    PubMed Central

    Knowles, Jacky; Kupka, Roland; Dumble, Sam; Garrett, Greg S.; Pandav, Chandrakant S.; Yadav, Kapil; Touré, Ndeye Khady; Foriwa Amoaful, Esi; Gorstein, Jonathan

    2018-01-01

    Single and multiple variable regression analyses were conducted using data from stratified, cluster sample design, iodine surveys in India, Ghana, and Senegal to identify factors associated with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among women of reproductive age (WRA) at the national and sub-national level. Subjects were survey household respondents, typically WRA. For all three countries, UIC was significantly different (p < 0.05) by household salt iodine category. Other significant differences were by strata and by household vulnerability to poverty in India and Ghana. In multiple variable regression analysis, UIC was significantly associated with strata and household salt iodine category in India and Ghana (p < 0.001). Estimated UIC was 1.6 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3, 2.0) times higher (India) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2, 1.6) times higher (Ghana) among WRA from households using adequately iodised salt than among WRA from households using non-iodised salt. Other significant associations with UIC were found in India, with having heard of iodine deficiency (1.2 times higher; CI 1.1, 1.3; p < 0.001) and having improved dietary diversity (1.1 times higher, CI 1.0, 1.2; p = 0.015); and in Ghana, with the level of tomato paste consumption the previous week (p = 0.029) (UIC for highest consumption level was 1.2 times lowest level; CI 1.1, 1.4). No significant associations were found in Senegal. Sub-national data on iodine status are required to assess equity of access to optimal iodine intake and to develop strategic responses as needed. PMID:29690505

  9. Adequacy Assessment of a Universal Salt Iodization Program Two Decades after Its Implementation: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Iodine Status among School-Age Children in Tunisia

    PubMed Central

    Doggui, Radhouene; El Ati-Hellal, Myriam; Traissac, Pierre; Lahmar, Lilia; El Ati, Jalila

    2016-01-01

    In the framework of a worldwide policy to eliminate iodine deficiency (ID) disorders, universal salt iodization was adopted in Tunisia two decades ago. The present study aims to evaluate this strategy, using both performance and impact indicators. A total of 1560 children, aged 6–12 years, were randomly sampled using a national, two-stage, stratified, cross-sectional cluster survey in 2012. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the subjects, and household salt iodine content, were analyzed. The national median UIC was 220 µg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 199–241), indicating an acceptable iodine status at the population level. Only 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6–14.9) of the children had UIC <100 µg/L, but with large regional disparities (4.3% to 25.5%, p < 0.01); however, more than a quarter of the subjects were at risk of adverse health consequences due to iodine excess. Children from households of low socio-economic levels were more prone to inadequate UIC. The national median iodine concentration of household salt was 22 mg/kg (95% CI: 21–23). Only half of the households used adequately iodized salt (15–25 ppm), with large regional disparities. National ID rates are now well below the target criteria of WHO (World Health Organization) certification (<20% of children with UIC <50 µg/L and <50% with UIC <100 µg/L). The coverage of adequately iodized salt fell short in meeting the goals of USI (Universal Salt Iodization), i.e., >90% of households. Regular monitoring of iodized salt production lines must be strengthened with involvement by producers. PMID:28029137

  10. Adequacy Assessment of a Universal Salt Iodization Program Two Decades after Its Implementation: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Iodine Status among School-Age Children in Tunisia.

    PubMed

    Doggui, Radhouene; El Ati-Hellal, Myriam; Traissac, Pierre; Lahmar, Lilia; El Ati, Jalila

    2016-12-25

    In the framework of a worldwide policy to eliminate iodine deficiency (ID) disorders, universal salt iodization was adopted in Tunisia two decades ago. The present study aims to evaluate this strategy, using both performance and impact indicators. A total of 1560 children, aged 6-12 years, were randomly sampled using a national, two-stage, stratified, cross-sectional cluster survey in 2012. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the subjects, and household salt iodine content, were analyzed. The national median UIC was 220 µg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 199-241), indicating an acceptable iodine status at the population level. Only 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6-14.9) of the children had UIC <100 µg/L, but with large regional disparities (4.3% to 25.5%, p < 0.01); however, more than a quarter of the subjects were at risk of adverse health consequences due to iodine excess. Children from households of low socio-economic levels were more prone to inadequate UIC. The national median iodine concentration of household salt was 22 mg/kg (95% CI: 21-23). Only half of the households used adequately iodized salt (15-25 ppm), with large regional disparities. National ID rates are now well below the target criteria of WHO (World Health Organization) certification (<20% of children with UIC <50 µg/L and <50% with UIC <100 µg/L). The coverage of adequately iodized salt fell short in meeting the goals of USI (Universal Salt Iodization), i.e., >90% of households. Regular monitoring of iodized salt production lines must be strengthened with involvement by producers.

  11. Assessment of Nutritional Status of Iodine Through Urinary Iodine Screening Among Local Children and Adolescents After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.

    PubMed

    Tsubokura, Masaharu; Nomura, Shuhei; Watanobe, Hajime; Nishikawa, Yoshitaka; Suzuki, Chiaki; Ochi, Sae; Leppold, Claire; Kinoshita, Hirokatsu; Kato, Shigeaki; Saito, Yasutoshi

    2016-12-01

    Iodine deficiency is an important modifier of the risk of thyroid cancer following irradiation. However, little information is available on the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Fukushima and its surroundings after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident that occurred in March 2011. In order to assess urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) and the prevalence of iodine deficiency and to elucidate any associations between demographic characteristics and UIC levels among children and adolescents aged ≤18 years at the time of the accident in Fukushima Prefecture and its surroundings, the data on voluntary UIC testing conducted by Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, were evaluated. A total of 4410 children and adolescents with a median age of 10 years at examination underwent UIC testing between October 2012 and October 2015. Calculated for all the participants, the median UIC level was 204 μg/L (range 25-21,100 μg/L). There were 133 (3.0%), 732 (16.6%), and 1472 (33.4%) participants with UIC levels of <50, <100, or ≥300 μg/L, respectively. Based on the World Health Organization criteria for nutritional iodine status, no participants were severely iodine deficient (<20 μg/L), but 16.6% of the population were mildly (50-100 μg/L) or moderately (20-50 μg/L) iodine deficient. While no significant difference in UIC was noted between those who did and did not increase dietary iodine intake after the accident (p = 0.93), there were significant differences by year (p < 0.01), school level (p < 0.001), and residential area at the time of the accident (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that the children and adolescents examined had a sufficient amount of iodine during the period 1.5-4.5 years after the nuclear accident. In addition to the differences in the scale and the countermeasures undertaken between the Fukushima and Chernobyl accidents, differences in dietary iodine intake might have played an additional role in resulting in the reportedly different radiation doses to the thyroid between the two nuclear accidents.

  12. Maternal urinary iodine concentration up to 1.0 mg/L is positively associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference of male offspring.

    PubMed

    Rydbeck, Filip; Rahman, Anisur; Grandér, Margaretha; Ekström, Eva-Charlotte; Vahter, Marie; Kippler, Maria

    2014-09-01

    Adequate iodine status in early life is crucial for neurodevelopment. However, little is known about the effects of maternal iodine status during pregnancy on fetal growth. The present study investigated the potential impact of maternal iodine status during pregnancy on offspring birth size. This large prospective cohort study was nested in a Bangladeshi population-based randomized supplementation trial in pregnant women [MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab)]. Urine samples obtained at 8 wk of gestation from 1617 women were analyzed for iodine and other elements, such as arsenic and cadmium, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anthropometric measurements at birth included weight, length, and head and chest circumference. Maternal urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) ranged from 0.020 to 10 mg/L, with a median of 0.30 mg/L. Below ∼1.0 mg/L, UIC was significantly positively associated with birth weight and length. Birth weight and length increased by 9.3 g (95% CI: 2.9, 16) and 0.042 cm (95% CI: 0.0066, 0.076), respectively, for each 0.1-mg/L increase in maternal UIC. No associations were observed between UIC and head or chest circumference. When we stratified the analyses by newborn sex, the positive associations between maternal UIC (<1 mg/L) and measurements of size at birth were restricted to boys, with no evidence in girls. Among boys, the mean weight, length, and head circumference increased by 70 g (P = 0.019), 0.41 cm (P = 0.013), and 0.28 cm (P = 0.031) for every 0.5-mg/L increase in maternal UIC. Maternal iodine status was positively associated with weight, length, and head circumference in boys up to ∼1 mg/L, which is well above the recommended maximum concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The associations leveled off at UIC ≥ 1 mg/L. Our findings support previous conclusions that the advantages of correcting potential iodine deficiency outweigh the risks of excess exposure. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.

  13. 40 CFR 147.1651 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1651 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of New York, including all... effective date of the UIC program for New York for all injection activities except those on lands of the...

  14. 78 FR 14951 - State of Washington; Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program Revision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-08

    ... of Ecology to the Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council to issue UIC permits at energy facilities... telephone number for the Library is (206) 553-1289. (2) Washington Department of Ecology, Water Quality... the Environmental Protection Agency, and MOUs between the Department of Ecology and the Department of...

  15. 40 CFR 13.30 - Standards for suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 13.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS Suspension of Collection Action § 13.30 Standards for suspension. (a) Inability to locate debtor. The Administrator may suspend collection on a debt where he determines that the debtor cannot be located presently...

  16. University-Industry Cooperation and the Transition to Innovation Ecosystems in Japan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ranga, Marina; Mroczkowski, Tomasz; Araiso, Tsunehisa

    2017-01-01

    This article looks at the evolution of university-industry collaboration (UIC) policies in Japan since the mid-1990s to the present and analyses their role in shaping the country's innovation ecosystem. UIC policies are examined within a multidimensional innovation policy framework that encompasses five Science and Technology Basic Plans and a…

  17. 40 CFR 147.1252 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1252 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Mississippi is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1252 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1252 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Mississippi is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  19. 40 CFR 147.60 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.60 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Alabama is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  20. 40 CFR 147.60 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.60 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Alabama is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  1. 40 CFR 147.651 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....651 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Idaho is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  2. 40 CFR 147.60 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.60 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Alabama is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  3. 40 CFR 147.353 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.353 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Connecticut is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  4. 40 CFR 147.1001 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1001 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maine is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  5. 40 CFR 147.553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Georgia is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  6. 40 CFR 147.2303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Vermont is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  7. 40 CFR 147.553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Georgia is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  8. 40 CFR 147.2553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Wyoming is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  9. 40 CFR 147.1551 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1551 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of New Jersey is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  10. 40 CFR 147.1403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nebraska is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  11. 40 CFR 147.353 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.353 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Connecticut is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  12. 40 CFR 147.1551 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1551 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of New Jersey is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  13. 40 CFR 147.1451 - EPA administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1451 EPA administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nevada is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 147.2553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Wyoming is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  15. 40 CFR 147.951 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.951 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Louisiana is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  16. 40 CFR 147.1901 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1901 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Oregon is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1901 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1901 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Oregon is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  18. 40 CFR 147.2601 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2601 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian lands in the... effective date for the UIC program on Indian lands in the territory of Guam is November 25, 1988. [53 FR...

  19. 40 CFR 147.205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Arkansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  20. 40 CFR 147.1252 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1252 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Mississippi is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  1. 40 CFR 147.205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Arkansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  2. 40 CFR 147.1403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nebraska is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  3. 40 CFR 147.2205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Texas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  4. 40 CFR 147.951 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.951 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Louisiana is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  5. 40 CFR 147.1403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nebraska is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1901 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1901 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Oregon is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  7. 40 CFR 147.403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Delaware is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  8. 40 CFR 147.353 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.353 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Connecticut is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  9. 40 CFR 147.703 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.703 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Illinois is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  10. 40 CFR 147.703 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.703 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Illinois is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  11. 40 CFR 147.1805 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1805 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Ohio is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  12. 40 CFR 147.1403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nebraska is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  13. 40 CFR 147.1303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Missouri is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 147.353 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.353 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Connecticut is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  15. 40 CFR 147.1001 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1001 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maine is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  16. 40 CFR 147.353 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.353 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Connecticut is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  17. 40 CFR 147.2205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Texas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1451 - EPA administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1451 EPA administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nevada is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Texas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Vermont is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  1. 40 CFR 147.1001 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1001 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maine is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  2. 40 CFR 147.1252 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1252 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Mississippi is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  3. 40 CFR 147.2205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Texas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  4. 40 CFR 147.403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Delaware is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  5. 40 CFR 147.205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Arkansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  6. 40 CFR 147.2553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Wyoming is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  7. 40 CFR 147.1805 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1805 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Ohio is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  8. 40 CFR 147.2553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Wyoming is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  9. 40 CFR 147.403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Delaware is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  10. 40 CFR 147.1303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Missouri is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  11. 40 CFR 147.860 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.860 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Kansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  12. 40 CFR 147.205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Arkansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  13. 40 CFR 147.2303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Vermont is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 147.553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Georgia is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  15. 40 CFR 147.651 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....651 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Idaho is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  16. 40 CFR 147.1303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Missouri is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  17. 40 CFR 147.2303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Vermont is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1053 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1053 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maryland is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  19. 40 CFR 147.1451 - EPA administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1451 EPA administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nevada is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Texas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  1. 40 CFR 147.1551 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1551 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of New Jersey is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  2. 40 CFR 147.951 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.951 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Louisiana is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  3. 40 CFR 147.1805 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1805 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Ohio is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  4. 40 CFR 147.1252 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1252 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Mississippi is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  5. 40 CFR 147.403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Delaware is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1901 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1901 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Oregon is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  7. 40 CFR 147.1303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Missouri is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  8. 40 CFR 147.651 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....651 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Idaho is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  9. 40 CFR 147.2601 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2601 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian lands in the... effective date for the UIC program on Indian lands in the territory of Guam is November 25, 1988. [53 FR...

  10. 40 CFR 147.1805 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1805 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Ohio is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  11. 40 CFR 147.1001 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1001 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maine is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  12. 40 CFR 147.1403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nebraska is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  13. 40 CFR 147.1451 - EPA administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1451 EPA administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nevada is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 147.2601 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2601 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian lands in the... effective date for the UIC program on Indian lands in the territory of Guam is November 25, 1988. [53 FR...

  15. 40 CFR 147.1053 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1053 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maryland is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  16. 40 CFR 147.553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Georgia is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  17. 40 CFR 147.860 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.860 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Kansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  18. 40 CFR 147.651 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....651 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Idaho is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  19. 40 CFR 147.403 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.403 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Delaware is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  20. 40 CFR 147.1053 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1053 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maryland is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  1. 40 CFR 147.860 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.860 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Kansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  2. 40 CFR 147.60 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.60 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Alabama is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  3. 40 CFR 147.205 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.205 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Arkansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  4. 40 CFR 147.703 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.703 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Illinois is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  5. 40 CFR 147.703 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.703 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Illinois is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1053 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1053 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maryland is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  7. 40 CFR 147.2601 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2601 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian lands in the... effective date for the UIC program on Indian lands in the territory of Guam is November 25, 1988. [53 FR...

  8. 40 CFR 147.1551 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1551 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of New Jersey is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  9. 40 CFR 147.1901 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1901 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Oregon is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  10. 40 CFR 147.2601 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....2601 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian lands in the... effective date for the UIC program on Indian lands in the territory of Guam is November 25, 1988. [53 FR...

  11. 40 CFR 147.951 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.951 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Louisiana is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  12. 40 CFR 147.2553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Wyoming is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  13. 40 CFR 147.860 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.860 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Kansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 147.951 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.951 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Louisiana is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  15. 40 CFR 147.1303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Missouri is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  16. 40 CFR 147.553 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.553 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Georgia is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1805 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1805 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Ohio is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1053 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1053 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maryland is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2303 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.2303 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Vermont is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  20. 40 CFR 147.1551 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1551 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of New Jersey is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  1. 40 CFR 147.860 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.860 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Kansas is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  2. 40 CFR 147.651 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....651 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Idaho is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  3. 40 CFR 147.1451 - EPA administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1451 EPA administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Nevada is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  4. 40 CFR 147.60 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.60 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in Alabama is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  5. 40 CFR 147.703 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.703 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Illinois is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1001 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands....1001 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all classes of wells on Indian lands in the State of Maine is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program...

  7. 40 CFR 124.3 - Application for a permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... person who requires a permit under the RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD programs shall complete, sign, and submit....21 (PSD), and 122.1 (NPDES). Applications are not required for RCRA permits by rule (§ 270.60...), 144.31 (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD), and 122.21 (NPDES). (3) Permit applications (except for PSD permits...

  8. 40 CFR 124.3 - Application for a permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... person who requires a permit under the RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD programs shall complete, sign, and submit....21 (PSD), and 122.1 (NPDES). Applications are not required for RCRA permits by rule (§ 270.60...), 144.31 (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD), and 122.21 (NPDES). (3) Permit applications (except for PSD permits...

  9. 40 CFR 124.3 - Application for a permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... person who requires a permit under the RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD programs shall complete, sign, and submit....21 (PSD), and 122.1 (NPDES). Applications are not required for RCRA permits by rule (§ 270.60...), 144.31 (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD), and 122.21 (NPDES). (3) Permit applications (except for PSD permits...

  10. 40 CFR 124.3 - Application for a permit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... person who requires a permit under the RCRA, UIC, NPDES, or PSD programs shall complete, sign, and submit....21 (PSD), and 122.1 (NPDES). Applications are not required for RCRA permits by rule (§ 270.60...), 144.31 (UIC), 40 CFR 52.21 (PSD), and 122.21 (NPDES). (3) Permit applications (except for PSD permits...

  11. 77 FR 40354 - Permitting Guidance for Oil and Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Activities Using Diesel Fuels-Draft

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-09

    ... INFORMATION CONTACT: Sherri Comerford, Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, Drinking Water Protection Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MC-4606M), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200... Fracturing and the Safe Drinking Water Act Web site, http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2...

  12. 40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program in the State of Alaska for Class I, III, IV, and V wells, and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  13. The iodized salt programme in Bangalore, India provides adequate iodine intakes in pregnant women and more-than-adequate iodine intakes in their children.

    PubMed

    Jaiswal, Nidhi; Melse-Boonstra, Alida; Sharma, Surjeet Kaur; Srinivasan, Krishnamachari; Zimmermann, Michael B

    2015-02-01

    To compare the iodine status of pregnant women and their children who were sharing all meals in Bangalore, India. A cross-sectional study evaluating demographic characteristics, household salt iodine concentration and salt usage patterns, urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in women and children, and maternal thyroid volume (ultrasound). Antenatal clinic of an urban tertiary-care hospital, which serves a low-income population. Healthy pregnant women in all trimesters, aged 18-35 years, who had healthy children aged 3-15 years. Median (range) iodine concentrations of household powdered and crystal salt were 55·9 (17·2-65·9) ppm and 18·9 (2·2-68·2) ppm, respectively. The contribution of iodine-containing supplements and multi-micronutrient powders to iodine intake in the families was negligible. Adequately iodized salt, together with small amounts of iodine in local foods, were providing adequate iodine during pregnancy: (i) the overall median (range) UIC in women was 172 (5-1024) µg/l; (ii) the median UIC was >150 µg/l in all trimesters; and (iii) thyroid size was not significantly different across trimesters. At the same time, the median (range) UIC in children was 220 (10-782) µg/l, indicating more-than-adequate iodine intake at this age. Median UIC was significantly higher in children than in their mothers (P=0·008). In this selected urban population of southern India, the iodized salt programme provides adequate iodine to women throughout pregnancy, at the expense of higher iodine intake in their children. Thus we suggest that the current cut-off for median UIC in children indicating more-than-adequate intake, recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders may, need to be reconsidered.

  14. Low Urinary Iodine Concentrations Associated with Dyslipidemia in US Adults.

    PubMed

    Lee, Kyung Won; Shin, Dayeon; Song, Won O

    2016-03-17

    Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormone which plays crucial roles in healthy thyroid function and lipid metabolism. However, the association between iodine status and dyslipidemia has not been well established at a population level. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the odds of dyslipidemia including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL/LDL ratio are associated with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a population perspective. Data of 2495 US adults (≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 were used in this study. Two subgroups (i.e., UIC below vs. above the 10th percentile) were compared of dyslipidemia as defined based on NCEP ATP III guidelines. The differences between the groups were tested statistically by chi-square test, simple linear regressions, and multiple logistic regressions. Serum lipid concentrations differed significantly between two iodine status groups when sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates were controlled (all, p < 0.05). Those with the lowest decile of UIC were more likely to be at risk for elevated total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.23) and elevated LDL cholesterol (>130 mg/dL) (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11-2.23) and lowered HDL/LDL ratio (<0.4) (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18-2.33), compared to those with UIC above the 10th percentile. In US adults, low UIC was associated with increased odds for dyslipidemia. Findings of the present cross-sectional study with spot urine samples highlight the significant association between UIC and serum lipids at population level, but do not substantiate a causal relationship. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship among iodine intakes, iodine status, and serum lipid profiles.

  15. 40 CFR 147.1852 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1852 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all wells on Indian... forth in subpart GGG of this part. The UIC program for all other wells on Indian lands consists of the...

  16. 40 CFR 147.1852 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1852 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all wells on Indian... forth in subpart GGG of this part. The UIC program for all other wells on Indian lands consists of the...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1852 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1852 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all wells on Indian... forth in subpart GGG of this part. The UIC program for all other wells on Indian lands consists of the...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1852 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1852 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all wells on Indian... forth in subpart GGG of this part. The UIC program for all other wells on Indian lands consists of the...

  19. 40 CFR 147.1852 - EPA-administered program-Indian lands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Indian lands... § 147.1852 EPA-administered program—Indian lands. (a) Contents. The UIC program for all wells on Indian... forth in subpart GGG of this part. The UIC program for all other wells on Indian lands consists of the...

  20. 40 CFR 124.6 - Draft permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 270.32 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits))); (2) All compliance schedules under §§ 122.47 (NPDES), 144.53 (UIC), 233.10 (404), or 270.33 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); (3) All monitoring requirements under §§ 122.48 (NPDES), 144.54 (UIC), 233.11 (404), or 270.31 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); and (4) For: (i...

  1. 40 CFR 124.6 - Draft permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 270.32 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits))); (2) All compliance schedules under §§ 122.47 (NPDES), 144.53 (UIC), 233.10 (404), or 270.33 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); (3) All monitoring requirements under §§ 122.48 (NPDES), 144.54 (UIC), 233.11 (404), or 270.31 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); and (4) For: (i...

  2. 40 CFR 124.6 - Draft permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 270.32 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits))); (2) All compliance schedules under §§ 122.47 (NPDES), 144.53 (UIC), 233.10 (404), or 270.33 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); (3) All monitoring requirements under §§ 122.48 (NPDES), 144.54 (UIC), 233.11 (404), or 270.31 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); and (4) For: (i...

  3. 40 CFR 124.6 - Draft permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 270.32 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits))); (2) All compliance schedules under §§ 122.47 (NPDES), 144.53 (UIC), 233.10 (404), or 270.33 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); (3) All monitoring requirements under §§ 122.48 (NPDES), 144.54 (UIC), 233.11 (404), or 270.31 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); and (4) For: (i...

  4. 40 CFR 124.6 - Draft permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 270.32 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits))); (2) All compliance schedules under §§ 122.47 (NPDES), 144.53 (UIC), 233.10 (404), or 270.33 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); (3) All monitoring requirements under §§ 122.48 (NPDES), 144.54 (UIC), 233.11 (404), or 270.31 (RCRA) (except for PSD permits); and (4) For: (i...

  5. Expanding the Boundaries of Museum Studies: Popular Education through Engagement with Hidden Histories of Organising and Activism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Toth, Emese R.; Guttman, Sandy; Kimura, Andie; Quinn, Therese

    2016-01-01

    This article shares a descriptive case study of a popular education project entitled Alternative Tours UIC (ALTourUIC) that took place during a graduate course in the Museum and Exhibition Studies Programme at University of Illinois at Chicago. The educational activities created by the students included a map locating historically rich areas of…

  6. Discovery of Bioactive Compounds by the UIC-ICBG Drug Discovery Program in the 18 Years Since 1998.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Hong-Jie; Li, Wan-Fei; Fong, Harry H S; Soejarto, Djaja Doel

    2016-10-31

    The International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) Program based at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is a program aimed to address the interdependent issues of inventory and conservation of biodiversity, drug discovery and sustained economic growth in both developing and developed countries. It is an interdisciplinary program involving the extensive synergies and collaborative efforts of botanists, chemists and biologists in the countries of Vietnam, Laos and the USA. The UIC-ICBG drug discovery efforts over the past 18 years have resulted in the collection of a cumulative total of more than 5500 plant samples (representing more than 2000 species), that were evaluated for their potential biological effects against cancer, HIV, bird flu, tuberculosis and malaria. The bioassay-guided fractionation and separation of the bioactive plant leads resulted in the isolation of approximately 300 compounds of varying degrees of structural complexity and/or biological activity. The present paper summarizes the significant drug discovery achievements made by the UIC-ICBG team of multidisciplinary collaborators in the project over the period of 1998-2012 and the projects carried on in the subsequent years by involving the researchers in Hong Kong.

  7. Urinary iodine in early pregnancy is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in Tianjin, China: an observational study.

    PubMed

    Wang, Kunling; Zhang, Jie; Li, Fengao; Zhang, Wanqi; Wang, Hao; Ding, Li; Liu, Yaxin; Lin, Laixiang; Zhang, Shuang; Zhu, Mei

    2017-02-17

    Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes and neurodevelopment disorders. Both iodine deficiency and excess are associated with SH; however, few data regarding iodine nutrition status of pregnant women with SH are available. This study aimed to clarify whether iodine deficiency or excess is associated with SH, especially, when test results for anti-thyroid autoantibodies are negative. A total of 115 women with SH and 104 women with euthyroidism (EH) in early pregnancy in Tianjin, China were investigated, and their serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), anti-thyroid globulin antibody (TGAb), urinary iodine (UIC), and urinary creatinine (UCr) concentrations were measured. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed to determine thyroid echogenicity and volume. The UIC, UIC/UCr ratio, prevalence of TPOAb and TGAb positivity, and thyroid gland volume were compared between the EH and SH groups. UIC and ultrasonographic features were analysed in subjects in the SH group who were negative for TPOAb and TGAb. Median UIC of SH (154.0 μg/L) and EH (150.1 μg/L) met the World Health Organization criterion for iodine sufficiency in pregnant women. Neither UIC nor the UIC/UCr ratio differed significantly between groups. The prevalence of TPOAb and TGAb positivity in the SH group was significantly higher than that in the EH group (P < 0.01). The percentage of subjects with UIC ≥ 250 μg/L in the SH group was significantly higher than that in the EH group (p = 0.004). The percentage of subjects negative for autoantibodies and UIC ≥ 250 μg/L in the SH group tended to be higher than that in subjects in the EH group negative for autoantibodies, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.025, adjusted test level α = 0.0167). Eight of 18 subjects in the SH group with negative results for TPOAb and TGAb were diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis by means of thyroid ultrasonography. Women in early pregnancy with SH in Tianjin were iodine sufficient, but still at risk of iodine deficiency as pregnancy progressed. UIC ≥ 250 μg/L was associated with increased risk of SH. Serological negative autoimmune thyroiditis and UIC ≥ 250 μg/L may play a role in pathogenesis of SH cases with negative results for autoantibodies.

  8. More than a decade of iodine prophylaxis is needed to eradicate goiter among school age children in a moderately iodine-deficient region.

    PubMed

    Erdoğan, Murat Faik; Demir, Ozgür; Emral, Rifat; Kamel, Ahmet Nuri; Erdoğan, Gürbüz

    2009-03-01

    There are many studies regarding the effect of iodine supplementation on goiter, but relatively few reports on the duration of iodine supplementation required to eradicate goiter in iodine-deficient regions. In the current study, we aimed to determine goiter prevalence as determined by sonographic methods, as it relates to changes in median urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) among school age children (SAC), ages 9-11. This study was performed in Ankara, Turkey, before and 5-10 years after mandatory iodination of table salt. Three hundred to 400 SAC from the same primary schools were studied every year by measurement of UIC as part of Turkish Iodine Surveys. Sonographically determined thyroid volume of the SAC had been measured before the mandatory iodination in 1997 and 5-10 years afterward, in 2002 and 2007. The prevalence of goiter in children was evaluated using World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders recommendations for age and sex. Moderate iodine deficiency was present in 1997 (median UIC, 25.5 microg/L), and it improved to mild iodine deficiency in 2001 (median UIC, 87 microg/L). Sufficient iodine intake (median UIC, 117 microg/L) was achieved by the year 2004. Goiter prevalence was 25% in 1997, 12.3% in 2001, and decreased to 1.3% in 2004. The time required to normalize the prevalence of goiter in SAC living in a moderately iodine-deficient environment was at least a decade. To achieve a goiter rate of less than 5% among SAC, it may require that, as a population, they were born and grew up under conditions of iodine sufficiency.

  9. A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women.

    PubMed

    Manousou, S; Stål, M; Larsson, C; Mellberg, C; Lindahl, B; Eggertsen, R; Hulthén, L; Olsson, T; Ryberg, M; Sandberg, S; Nyström, H F

    2018-01-01

    Different diets are used for weight loss. A Paleolithic-type diet (PD) has beneficial metabolic effects, but two of the largest iodine sources, table salt and dairy products, are excluded. The objectives of this study were to compare 24-h urinary iodine concentration (24-UIC) in subjects on PD with 24-UIC in subjects on a diet according to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and to study if PD results in a higher risk of developing iodine deficiency (ID), than NNR diet. A 2-year prospective randomized trial in a tertiary referral center where healthy postmenopausal overweight or obese women were randomized to either PD (n=35) or NNR diet (n=35). Dietary iodine intake, 24-UIC, 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24-UIE), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured at baseline, 6 and 24 months. Completeness of urine sampling was monitored by para-aminobenzoic acid and salt intake by urinary sodium. At baseline, median 24-UIC (71.0 μg/l) and 24-UIE (134.0 μg/d) were similar in the PD and NNR groups. After 6 months, 24-UIC had decreased to 36.0 μg/l (P=0.001) and 24-UIE to 77.0 μg/d (P=0.001) in the PD group; in the NNR group, levels were unaltered. FT4, TSH and FT3 were similar in both groups, except for FT3 at 6 months being lower in PD than in NNR group. A PD results in a higher risk of developing ID, than a diet according to the NNR. Therefore, we suggest iodine supplementation should be considered when on a PD.

  10. Drinking water contributes to excessive iodine intake among children in Hebei, China.

    PubMed

    Lv, S; Wang, Y; Xu, D; Rutherford, S; Chong, Z; Du, Y; Jia, L; Zhao, J

    2013-09-01

    In Hebei province, China, over six million people are potentially exposed to excessive iodine through consumption of high iodine underground drinking water and consumption of iodized salt. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contributions of drinking water and iodized salt on children's iodine nutrition in one area of Hebei province in order to refine strategies to correct the excessive iodine intake in these areas. To investigate the relationships between iodine content in water, iodized salt and urinary iodine content (UIC) in children (8-10 years), we randomly sampled three towns with a known median water iodine (MWI) of 150-300 μg/l in Hengshui City, Hebei province and collected water, salt and urine samples. The median UIC was 518.1 μg/l, the overall MWI was 247.0 μg/l, and 83% of children sampled were found to have urinary iodine concentrations higher than the WHO criterion of 300 μg/l. There was a significant and positive correlation between the median UIC of the children and the MWI in the 12 villages where the children lived (Spearman R=0.79, P=0.002), but the UIC was not significantly correlated with the median salt intake (MSI) (Spearman R=-0.17, P=0.6). A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that 68.7% of the variability in median UIC is associated with variability in MWI in the 12 villages. Iodine in drinking water was identified to be the key contributor to this excessive iodine in children indicating that in these areas, intervention should focus on providing alternative drinking water supplies.

  11. Repetitive behavior profiles: Consistency across autism spectrum disorder cohorts and divergence from Prader-Willi syndrome.

    PubMed

    Flores, Cindi G; Valcante, Gregory; Guter, Steve; Zaytoun, Annette; Wray, Emily; Bell, Lindsay; Jacob, Suma; Lewis, Mark H; Driscoll, Daniel J; Cook, Edwin H; Kim, Soo-Jeong

    2011-12-01

    Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a group of heterogeneous maladaptive behaviors. RRB is one of the key diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and also commonly observed in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). In this study, we assessed RRB using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) in two ASD samples (University of Illinois at Chicago [UIC] and University of Florida [UF]) and one PWS sample. We compared the RBS-R item endorsements across three ASD cohorts (UIC, UF and an ASD sample from Lam, The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised: independent validation and the effect of subject variables, PhD thesis, 2004), and a PWS sample. We also compared the mean RBS-R subscale/sum scores across the UIC, UF and PWS samples; across the combined ASD (UIC + UF), PWS-deletion and PWS-disomy groups; and across the combined ASD sample, PWS subgroup with a Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) score ≥15, and PWS subgroup with a SCQ score <15. Despite the highly heterogeneous nature, the three ASD samples (UIC, UF and Lam's) showed a similar pattern of the RBS-R endorsements, and the mean RBS-R scores were not different between the UIC and UF samples. However, higher RRB was noted in the ASD sample compared with the PWS sample, as well as in the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score ≥15 compared with the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score <15. Study limitations include a small sample size, a wide age range of our participants, and not controlling for potential covariates. A future replication study using a larger sample and further investigation into the genetic bases of overlapping ASD and RRB phenomenology are needed, given the higher RRB in the PWS subgroup with a SCQ score ≥15.

  12. Implementation of a Forth-Order Aeroelastic Coupling into a Viscous-Inviscid Flow Solver with Experimental Validation (for One Degree of Freedom)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bartholomay, Sirko; Ramos-García, Néstor; Mikkelsen, Robert Flemming; Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-WInd Energy Team

    2014-11-01

    The viscous-inviscid flow solver Q3UIC for 2D aerodynamics has recently been developed at the Technical University of Denmark. The Q3UIC solver takes viscous and unsteady effects into account by coupling an unsteady inviscid panel method with the integral boundary layer equations by means of a strong coupling between the viscous and inviscid parts, and in this respect differs from other classic panel codes e.g. Xfoil. In the current work a Runge-Kutta-Nyström scheme was employed to couple inertial, elastic and aerodynamical forces and moments calculated by Q3UIC for a two-dimensional blade section in the time-domain. Numerical simulations are validated by a three step experimental verification process carried out in the low-turbulence wind tunnel at DTU. First, a comparison against steady experiments for a NACA 64418 profile and a flexible trailing edge flap is presented for different fixed flap angles, and second, the measured aerodynamic characteristics considering prescribed motion of the airfoil with a moving flap are compared to the Q3UIC predictions. Finally, an aeroelastic experiment for one degree of freedom-airfoil pitching- is used to evaluate the accuracy of aeroelastic coupling.

  13. Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Cancer Patients

    PubMed Central

    Kargar, Saeed; Shiryazdi, Seyed Mostafa; Atashi, Seyed Reza; Neamatzadeh, Hossein; Kamali, Mahdieh

    2017-01-01

    Background: It has been suggested that incidence of some cancers, especially examples in the breast and stomach may be influenced by the iodine intake. However, only few studies are available at present. Therefore, we have conducted the present assessment of iodine status in Iranian patients diagnosed with a malignancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 85 patients diagnosed with different types of cancer at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. The method used was based on the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 17.4 μg/L, with ≤20 μg/L indicative of severe iodine deficiency. According to the WHO/IC C IDD/UNIC EF classification, 88.1%, 7.1% and 2.4% of patients had a UIC <20 (severe), 20–49 (mild), and 50–99 μg/L (moderate), respectively. There was no statistically significant differences in UIC between men and women. Conclusion: The UIC values indicate that Iranian cancer patients were seriously iodine deficient according to WHO/UNIC EF/IC C IDD, and that this is a suitable index to assess iodine status in Iranians. Daily consumption of salt fortified with iodine or other approaches to increase intake might be effective strategies for prevention or reduction of malignancies. PMID:28441792

  14. Iodine Intakes of Victorian Schoolchildren Measured Using 24-h Urinary Iodine Excretion

    PubMed Central

    Beckford, Kelsey; Margerison, Claire; Skeaff, Sheila A.

    2017-01-01

    Mandatory fortification of bread with iodized salt was introduced in Australia in 2009, and studies using spot urine collections conducted post fortification indicate that Australian schoolchildren are now replete. However an accurate estimate of daily iodine intake utilizing 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/day) has not been reported and compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR). This study aimed to assess daily total iodine intake and status of a sample of primary schoolchildren using 24-h urine samples. Victorian primary school children provided 24-h urine samples between 2011 and 2013, from which urinary iodine concentration (UIC, μg/L) and total iodine excretion (UIE, μg/day) as an estimate of intake was determined. Valid 24-h urine samples were provided by 650 children, mean (SD) age 9.3 (1.8) years (n = 359 boys). The mean UIE of 4–8 and 9–13 year olds was 94 (48) and 111 (57) μg/24-h, respectively, with 29% and 26% having a UIE below the age-specific EAR. The median (IQR) UIC was 124 (83,172) μg/L, with 36% of participants having a UIC < 100 μg/L. This convenience sample of Victorian schoolchildren were found to be iodine replete, based on UIC and estimated iodine intakes derived from 24-h urine collections, confirming the findings of the Australian Health Survey. PMID:28867787

  15. Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Koreans Based on the Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013 to 2015).

    PubMed

    Chung, Jae Hoon

    2018-06-01

    No nationwide data have been published about thyroid hormone levels and urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in Korea. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korean Thyroid Association established a project to evaluate the nationwide thyroid hormone profile and UICs in healthy Koreans as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI (2013 to 2015), a nationwide, cross-sectional survey of the Korean population that enrolled 7,061 individuals who were weighted to represent the entire Korean population. Based on the KNHANES VI, the geometric mean value of serum thyroid stimulating hormone was 2.16 mIU/L, and its reference interval was 0.59 to 7.03 mIU/L. The mean value of serum free thyroxine was 1.25 ng/dL, and its reference interval was 0.92 to 1.60 ng/dL. The median UIC in the Korean population was reported to be 294 μg/L, corresponding to 'above requirements' iodine intake according to the World Health Organization recommendations. A U-shaped relationship of UIC with age was found. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in the Korean population based on the KNHANES VI was 0.54% and 0.73%, respectively. Copyright © 2018 Korean Endocrine Society.

  16. Urinary iodine concentration identifies pregnant women as iodine deficient yet school-aged children as iodine sufficient in rural Niger.

    PubMed

    Hess, Sonja Y; Ouédraogo, Césaire T; Young, Rebecca R; Bamba, Ibrahim F; Stinca, Sara; Zimmermann, Michael B; Wessells, K Ryan

    2017-05-01

    To assess iodine status among pregnant women in rural Zinder, Niger and to compare their status with the iodine status of school-aged children from the same households. Seventy-three villages in the catchment area of sixteen health centres were randomly selected to participate in the cross-sectional survey. Salt iodization is mandatory in Niger, requiring 20-60 ppm iodine at the retail level. A spot urine sample was collected from randomly selected pregnant women (n 662) and one school-aged child from the same household (n 373). Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was assessed as an indicator of iodine status in both groups. Dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from venous blood samples of pregnant women and thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine were measured. Iodine content of household salt samples (n 108) was assessed by titration. Median iodine content of salt samples was 5·5 ppm (range 0-41 ppm), 98 % had an iodine content 40 µg/l. In this region of Niger, most salt is inadequately iodized. UIC in pregnant women indicated iodine deficiency, whereas UIC of school-aged children indicated marginally adequate iodine status. Thus, estimating population iodine status based solely on monitoring of UIC among school-aged children may underestimate the risk of iodine deficiency in pregnant women.

  17. Inadequate Iodine Intake in Population Groups Defined by Age, Life Stage and Vegetarian Dietary Practice in a Norwegian Convenience Sample.

    PubMed

    Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Knutsen, Helle Katrine; Johansen, Nina Cathrine; Nyheim, Kristine Aastad; Erlund, Iris; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Henjum, Sigrun

    2018-02-17

    Inadequate iodine intake has been identified in populations considered iodine replete for decades. The objective of the current study is to evaluate urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the probability of adequate iodine intake in subgroups of the Norwegian population defined by age, life stage and vegetarian dietary practice. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the probability of adequate iodine intake by two 24-h food diaries and UIC from two fasting morning spot urine samples in 276 participants. The participants included children ( n = 47), adolescents ( n = 46), adults ( n = 71), the elderly ( n = 23), pregnant women ( n = 45), ovo-lacto vegetarians ( n = 25), and vegans ( n = 19). In all participants combined, the median (95% CI) UIC was 101 (90, 110) µg/L, median (25th, 75th percentile) calculated iodine intake was 112 (77, 175) µg/day and median (25th, 75th percentile) estimated usual iodine intake was 101 (75, 150) µg/day. According to WHOs criteria for evaluation of median UIC, iodine intake was inadequate in the elderly, pregnant women, vegans and non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Children had the highest (82%) and vegans the lowest (14%) probability of adequate iodine intake according to reported food and supplement intakes. This study confirms the need for monitoring iodine intake and status in nationally representative study samples in Norway.

  18. Inadequate Iodine Intake in Population Groups Defined by Age, Life Stage and Vegetarian Dietary Practice in a Norwegian Convenience Sample

    PubMed Central

    Knutsen, Helle Katrine; Johansen, Nina Cathrine; Nyheim, Kristine Aastad; Erlund, Iris; Meltzer, Helle Margrete

    2018-01-01

    Inadequate iodine intake has been identified in populations considered iodine replete for decades. The objective of the current study is to evaluate urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the probability of adequate iodine intake in subgroups of the Norwegian population defined by age, life stage and vegetarian dietary practice. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the probability of adequate iodine intake by two 24-h food diaries and UIC from two fasting morning spot urine samples in 276 participants. The participants included children (n = 47), adolescents (n = 46), adults (n = 71), the elderly (n = 23), pregnant women (n = 45), ovo-lacto vegetarians (n = 25), and vegans (n = 19). In all participants combined, the median (95% CI) UIC was 101 (90, 110) µg/L, median (25th, 75th percentile) calculated iodine intake was 112 (77, 175) µg/day and median (25th, 75th percentile) estimated usual iodine intake was 101 (75, 150) µg/day. According to WHOs criteria for evaluation of median UIC, iodine intake was inadequate in the elderly, pregnant women, vegans and non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Children had the highest (82%) and vegans the lowest (14%) probability of adequate iodine intake according to reported food and supplement intakes. This study confirms the need for monitoring iodine intake and status in nationally representative study samples in Norway. PMID:29462974

  19. Intra-individual variation in urinary iodine concentration: effect of statistical correction on population distribution using seasonal three-consecutive-day spot urine in children

    PubMed Central

    Ji, Xiaohong; Liu, Peng; Sun, Zhenqi; Su, Xiaohui; Wang, Wei; Gao, Yanhui; Sun, Dianjun

    2016-01-01

    Objective To determine the effect of statistical correction for intra-individual variation on estimated urinary iodine concentration (UIC) by sampling on 3 consecutive days in four seasons in children. Setting School-aged children from urban and rural primary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. Participants 748 and 640 children aged 8–11 years were recruited from urban and rural schools, respectively, in Harbin. Primary and secondary outcome measures The spot urine samples were collected once a day for 3 consecutive days in each season over 1 year. The UIC of the first day was corrected by two statistical correction methods: the average correction method (average of days 1, 2; average of days 1, 2 and 3) and the variance correction method (UIC of day 1 corrected by two replicates and by three replicates). The variance correction method determined the SD between subjects (Sb) and within subjects (Sw), and calculated the correction coefficient (Fi), Fi=Sb/(Sb+Sw/di), where di was the number of observations. The UIC of day 1 was then corrected using the following equation: Results The variance correction methods showed the overall Fi was 0.742 for 2 days’ correction and 0.829 for 3 days’ correction; the values for the seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter were 0.730, 0.684, 0.706 and 0.703 for 2 days’ correction and 0.809, 0.742, 0.796 and 0.804 for 3 days’ correction, respectively. After removal of the individual effect, the correlation coefficient between consecutive days was 0.224, and between non-consecutive days 0.050. Conclusions The variance correction method is effective for correcting intra-individual variation in estimated UIC following sampling on 3 consecutive days in four seasons in children. The method varies little between ages, sexes and urban or rural setting, but does vary between seasons. PMID:26920442

  20. Sustainability of a well-monitored salt iodization program in Iran: marked reduction in goiter prevalence and eventual normalization of urinary iodine concentrations without alteration in iodine content of salt.

    PubMed

    Azizi, F; Mehran, L; Sheikholeslam, R; Ordookhani, A; Naghavi, M; Hedayati, M; Padyab, M; Mirmiran, P

    2008-05-01

    Two yr after legislation of salt iodization of 40 parts per million (ppm) in 1994, goiter was still endemic and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) remained elevated in many provinces of Iran. Goiter prevalence and UIC were compared 2 and 7 yr after sustained consumption of uniformly iodized salt by Iranian households. Schoolchildren (7-10 yr) of all provinces were randomly selected by cluster sampling from December 2000 to June 2001. Goiter rate, UIC, and household salt iodine values were compared to those in 1996. Factory salt iodine was also compared in 2001 vs 1996. Ultrasonographically determined thyroid volumes of 7-10 yr old children were compared in 2001 vs 1999. In 2001 (no.=33600) vs 1996 (no.=36178), total, grade 1, and grade 2 goiter rates were 13.9 vs 53.8%, 11.0 vs 44.8%, and 2.9 vs 9.0%, respectively (p<0.0001). Weighted total goiter rate was 9.8% in 2001. Median (range) UIC in 2001 (no.=3329) was 165 (18-499) microg/l and in 1996 (no.=2917) was 205 (10-2300) microg/l (p<0.0001). In 2001 vs 1996, mean+/-SD for iodine salt content was 32.7+/-10.1 vs 33.0+/-10.2 ppm (p=0.68) in households and was 33.2+/-13.4 and 33.8+/-13.2 ppm (p=0.57) in factories, respectively. Among 7-10 yr old children in 2001 (no.=400) vs 1999 (no.=396), only 7-yr-old children in 2001 (the only group with probably no history of iodine deficiency) showed significant smaller thyroid volumes by ultrasonography compared to those in 1999. After 7 yr of optimized iodized-salt supplementation in Iran, adequate UIC values and marked reduction in goiter rate have been achieved.

  1. High prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in adequate iodine area

    PubMed Central

    Mioto, Verônica Carneiro Borges; Monteiro, Ana Carolina de Castro Nassif Gomes; de Camargo, Rosalinda Yossie Asato; Borel, Andréia Rodrigues; Catarino, Regina Maria; Kobayashi, Sergio; Chammas, Maria Cristina; Marui, Suemi

    2018-01-01

    Objectives Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with obstetric and neonatal adverse outcomes. Serum thyroglobulin (sTg) and thyroid volume (TV) are optional tools to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for defining iodine status. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area by spot UIC and correlation with sTg, TV and thyroid function. Methods Two hundred and seventy-three pregnant women were evaluated at three trimesters. All had no previous thyroid disease, no iodine supplementation and negative thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Thyroid function and sTg were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. TV was determined by ultrasonography; UIC was determined using a modified Sandell–Kolthoff method. Results Median UIC was 146 µg/L, being 52% iodine deficient and only 4% excessive. TSH values were 1.50 ± 0.92, 1.50 ± 0.92 and 1.91 ± 0.96 mIU/L, respectively, in each trimester (P = 0.001). sTg did not change significantly during trimesters with median 11.2 ng/mL and only 3.3% had above 40 ng/mL. Mean TV was 9.3 ± 3.4 mL, which positively correlated with body mass index, but not with sTg. Only 4.5% presented with goitre. When pregnant women were categorized as iodine deficient (UIC < 150 µg/L), adequate (≥150 and <250 µg/L) and excessive (≥250 µg/L), sTg, thyroid hormones and TV at each trimester showed no statistical differences. Conclusions Iodine deficiency was detected frequently in pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area. sTg concentration and TV did not correlate to UIC. Our observation also demonstrated that the Brazilian salt-iodization programme prevents deficiency, but does not maintain iodine status within adequate and recommended ranges for pregnant women. PMID:29700098

  2. High prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in adequate iodine area.

    PubMed

    Mioto, Verônica Carneiro Borges; Monteiro, Ana Carolina de Castro Nassif Gomes; de Camargo, Rosalinda Yossie Asato; Borel, Andréia Rodrigues; Catarino, Regina Maria; Kobayashi, Sergio; Chammas, Maria Cristina; Marui, Suemi

    2018-05-01

    Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with obstetric and neonatal adverse outcomes. Serum thyroglobulin (sTg) and thyroid volume (TV) are optional tools to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for defining iodine status. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area by spot UIC and correlation with sTg, TV and thyroid function. Two hundred and seventy-three pregnant women were evaluated at three trimesters. All had no previous thyroid disease, no iodine supplementation and negative thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Thyroid function and sTg were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. TV was determined by ultrasonography; UIC was determined using a modified Sandell-Kolthoff method. Median UIC was 146 µg/L, being 52% iodine deficient and only 4% excessive. TSH values were 1.50 ± 0.92, 1.50 ± 0.92 and 1.91 ± 0.96 mIU/L, respectively, in each trimester ( P  = 0.001). sTg did not change significantly during trimesters with median 11.2 ng/mL and only 3.3% had above 40 ng/mL. Mean TV was 9.3 ± 3.4 mL, which positively correlated with body mass index, but not with sTg. Only 4.5% presented with goitre.When pregnant women were categorized as iodine deficient (UIC < 150 µg/L), adequate (≥150 and <250 µg/L) and excessive (≥250 µg/L), sTg, thyroid hormones and TV at each trimester showed no statistical differences. Iodine deficiency was detected frequently in pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area. sTg concentration and TV did not correlate to UIC. Our observation also demonstrated that the Brazilian salt-iodization programme prevents deficiency, but does not maintain iodine status within adequate and recommended ranges for pregnant women. © 2018 The authors.

  3. 42 CFR 8.14 - Suspension or revocation of certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Certification and Treatment Standards § 8.14 Suspension... certification; (2) Has failed to comply with the Federal opioid treatment standards in any respect; (3) Has... certification or continued compliance with the Federal opioid treatment standards; or (4) Has refused a...

  4. 42 CFR 8.14 - Suspension or revocation of certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Certification and Treatment Standards § 8.14 Suspension... certification; (2) Has failed to comply with the Federal opioid treatment standards in any respect; (3) Has... certification or continued compliance with the Federal opioid treatment standards; or (4) Has refused a...

  5. 42 CFR 8.14 - Suspension or revocation of certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Certification and Treatment Standards § 8.14 Suspension... certification; (2) Has failed to comply with the Federal opioid treatment standards in any respect; (3) Has... certification or continued compliance with the Federal opioid treatment standards; or (4) Has refused a...

  6. 42 CFR 8.14 - Suspension or revocation of certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Certification and Treatment Standards § 8.14 Suspension... certification; (2) Has failed to comply with the Federal opioid treatment standards in any respect; (3) Has... certification or continued compliance with the Federal opioid treatment standards; or (4) Has refused a...

  7. 42 CFR 8.14 - Suspension or revocation of certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Certification and Treatment Standards § 8.14 Suspension... certification; (2) Has failed to comply with the Federal opioid treatment standards in any respect; (3) Has... certification or continued compliance with the Federal opioid treatment standards; or (4) Has refused a...

  8. 49 CFR Appendix C to Part 238 - Suspension System Safety Performance Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suspension System Safety Performance Standards C Appendix C to Part 238 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER EQUIPMENT SAFETY STANDARDS Pt. 238, App. C...

  9. A Guidance Document for Kentucky's Oil and Gas Operators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bender, Rick

    The accompanying report, manual and assimilated data represent the initial preparation for submission of an Application for Primacy under the Class II Underground Injection Control (UIC) program on behalf of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The purpose of this study was to identify deficiencies in Kentucky law and regulation that would prevent the Kentucky Division of Oil and Gas from receiving approval of primacy of the UIC program, currently under control of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Atlanta, Georgia.

  10. Excessive iodine intake does not increase the recurrence rate of graves' disease after withdrawal of the antithyroid drug in an iodine-replete area.

    PubMed

    Park, Sun Mi; Cho, Yoon Young; Joung, Ji Young; Sohn, Seo Young; Kim, Sun Wook; Chung, Jae Hoon

    2015-03-01

    The relationship between iodine intake and effects of antithyroid drugs (ATD) for Graves' disease, especially in iodine-deficient areas, has been demonstrated in many studies. However, it was not clear how chronic high iodine intake influenced the effectiveness of ATD in an iodine-replete area. This study aimed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on clinical outcomes of Graves' disease after discontinuation of ATD in Korea, an iodine-replete area. A total of 142 patients with Graves' disease who visited the outpatient clinic regularly and stopped their ATD between October 2011 and April 2013 were enrolled in our study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured just before and after the discontinuation of ATD. Median UIC was not significantly different between the remission and relapse groups, as well as among the four treatment groups (group 1, remission after initial treatment; group 2, remission after repeated treatment; group 3, early relapse within a year; group 4, late relapse after a year). Remission rates did not show a significant difference between the excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥300 μg/l) and average iodine intake groups (UIC <300 μg/l). The present study suggests that excessive iodine intake does not have an effect on the clinical outcomes of Graves' disease in an iodine-replete area, and therefore diet control with iodine restriction might not be necessary in the management of Graves' disease.

  11. Excessive Iodine Intake Does Not Increase the Recurrence Rate of Graves' Disease after Withdrawal of the Antithyroid Drug in an Iodine-Replete Area

    PubMed Central

    Park, Sun Mi; Cho, Yoon Young; Joung, Ji Young; Sohn, Seo Young; Kim, Sun Wook; Chung, Jae Hoon

    2015-01-01

    Background and Objectives The relationship between iodine intake and effects of antithyroid drugs (ATD) for Graves' disease, especially in iodine-deficient areas, has been demonstrated in many studies. However, it was not clear how chronic high iodine intake influenced the effectiveness of ATD in an iodine-replete area. This study aimed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on clinical outcomes of Graves' disease after discontinuation of ATD in Korea, an iodine-replete area. Methods A total of 142 patients with Graves' disease who visited the outpatient clinic regularly and stopped their ATD between October 2011 and April 2013 were enrolled in our study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured just before and after the discontinuation of ATD. Results Median UIC was not significantly different between the remission and relapse groups, as well as among the four treatment groups (group 1, remission after initial treatment; group 2, remission after repeated treatment; group 3, early relapse within a year; group 4, late relapse after a year). Remission rates did not show a significant difference between the excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥300 μg/l) and average iodine intake groups (UIC <300 μg/l). Conclusions The present study suggests that excessive iodine intake does not have an effect on the clinical outcomes of Graves' disease in an iodine-replete area, and therefore diet control with iodine restriction might not be necessary in the management of Graves' disease. PMID:25960960

  12. Reduced Educational Outcomes Persist into Adolescence Following Mild Iodine Deficiency in Utero, Despite Adequacy in Childhood: 15-Year Follow-Up of the Gestational Iodine Cohort Investigating Auditory Processing Speed and Working Memory.

    PubMed

    Hynes, Kristen L; Otahal, Petr; Burgess, John R; Oddy, Wendy H; Hay, Ian

    2017-12-13

    There is increasing evidence that even mild gestational iodine deficiency (GID) results in adverse neurocognitive impacts on offspring. It's unclear, however, if these persist long-term and whether they can be ameliorated by iodine sufficiency in childhood. We followed a unique cohort (Gestational Iodine Cohort, n = 266) where gestation occurred during a period of mild population iodine deficiency, with children subsequently growing-up in an iodine replete environment. We investigated whether associations between mild GID and reductions in literacy outcomes, observed at age 9-years, persisted into adolescence. Comparisons were made between offspring of mothers with gestational urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) ≥ 150 μg/L and < 150 μg/L. Educational outcomes were measured using Australian National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) tests. Children whose mothers had UICs < 150 μg/L exhibited persistent reductions in spelling from Year 3 (10%, -41.4 points (95% Confidence Interval -65.1 to -17.6, p = 0.001)) to Year 9 (5.6%, -31.6 (-57.0 to -6.2, p = 0.015)) compared to children whose mothers had UICs ≥ 150 μg/L. Associations remained after adjustment for biological factors, socioeconomic status and adolescent UIC. Results support the hypothesis that mild GID may impact working memory and auditory processing speed. The findings have important public health implications for management of iodine nutrition in pregnancy.

  13. SUFFICIENT IODINE INTAKE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN FROM THE ZAGREB AREA: ASSESSMENT WITH DRIED BLOD SPOT THYROGLOBULIN AS A NEW FUNCTIONAL BIOMARKER FOR IODINE DEFICIENCY.

    PubMed

    Jukić, Tomislav; Zimmermann, Michael Bruce; Granić, Roko; Prpić, Marin; Krilić, Drazena; Juresa, Vesna; Katalenić, Marijan; Kusić, Zvonko

    2015-12-01

    Current methods for assessment of iodine intake in a population comprise measurements of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid volume by ultrasound (US-Tvol), and newborn TSH. Serum or dried blood spot thyroglobulin (DBS-Tg) is a new promising functional iodine status biomarker in children. In 1996, a new act on universal salt iodination was introduced in Croatia with 25 mg of potassium iodideper kg of salt. In 2002, Croatia finally reached iodine sufficiency. However, in 2009, median UIC in 101 schoolchildren from Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, was 288 µg/L, posing to be excessive. The aim of the study was to assess iodine intake in schoolchildren from the Zagreb area and to evaluate the value of DBS-Tg in schoolchildren as a new functional biomarker of iodine deficiency (and iodine excess). The study was part of a large international study in 6- to 12-year-old children supported by UNICEF, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). According to international study results, the median cut-off Tg < 13 µg/L and/or < 3% Tg values > 40 µg/L indicate iodine sufficiency. The study included 159 schoolchildren (median age 9.1 ± 1.4 years) from Zagreb and a nearby small town of Jastrebarsko with measurements of UIC, US-Tvol, DBS-Tg, T4, TSH and iodine content in salt from households of schoolchildren (KI/kg of salt). Overall median UIC was 205 µg/L (range 1-505 µg/L). Thyroid volumes in schoolchildren measured by US were within the normal range according to reference values. Median DBS-Tg in schoolchildren was 12.1 µg/L with 3% of Tg values > 40 µg/L. High Tg values were in the UIC range < 50 µg/L and > 300 µg/L (U-shaped curve of Tg plotted against UIC). All children were euthyroid with geometric mean TSH 0.7 ± 0.3 mU/L and arithmetic mean T4 62 ± 12.5 nmol/L. The mean KI content per kg of salt was 24.9 ± 3.1 mg/kg (range 19-36 mg/kg). Study results indicated iodine sufficiency in schoolchildren from the Zagreb area. Thyroglobulin proved to be a sensitive indicator of both iodine deficiency and iodine excess in children. Iodine content in salt from households of schoolchildren was in good compliance with the Croatian act (20-30 mg KI/kg of salt).

  14. Evaluation of efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in Poland based on the examination of schoolchildren living in Opoczno Town (Lodz Voivodship).

    PubMed

    Zygmunt, Arkadiusz; Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Katarzyna; Cyniak-Magierska, Anna; Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Kinga; Zygmunt, Agnieszka; Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata; Lewiński, Andrzej

    2012-12-22

    In 1997 a currently obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on mandatory iodization of household salt with 30 mg KI/kg, was introduced. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine intake among school-age children living in Opoczno in 3 subsequent time points - in 1994, before establishment of currently operating model of iodine prophylaxis, in 1999 - 2 years after implementation of iodine prophylaxis and in 2010, - 14 years after its implementation. We assessed goitre incidence and urine iodine concentration (UIC) in 104 children in 1994, 207 children in 1999 and 174 children in 2012. Age of examined children ranged from 6 to 15 years. The thyroid volumes evaluated by ultrasound were compared to reference values for thyroid volume proposed by Zimmermann at al. Moreover, we have introduced a new index - V/BSA ratio (comparison of thyroid volume to the body surface area), which to our belief allows for more accurate assessment of thyroid volume. The median of UICs was 45.5 μg/L (1994), 101.1 μg/L (1999) and 100.6 μg/L (2010). The distribution of obtained results has changed as well - iodine concentrations below 50 μg/L were present in 59.1% children in 1994, in 12.6% children - in 1999 and in 7.1% children - in 2010.Although a significant decrease in goitre incidence with regard to age - 92.6% (1994) vs 18.5% (1999) and 15.8% (2010), as well as with regard to BSA - 95.4% (1994) vs 15.2% (1999) and 11.6% (2010) was observed, it still points to the iodine deficiency, which is in contradiction with UICs as they are within normal limits. V/BSA ratio avoids such discrepancy. The values of ratio V/BSA were higher in 1994 (7.079 ± 2.775) than in 1999 (2.935 ± 1.112) (p<0.05) and in 2010 (2.846 ± 1.029) (p<0.05). Hitherto model of iodine prophylaxis has proved to be effective in eliminating the iodine deficiency. The iodine intake is now more even, homogenous, which translates into smaller scatter of UICs and less percentage of children, in whom UIC is less than 50 μg/L. However, the iodine intake only slightly exceeds the recommended values, so median of UICs oscillates around the lower limit of references values.

  15. Evaluation of efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in Poland based on the examination of schoolchildren living in Opoczno Town (Lodz Voivodship)

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background In 1997 a currently obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on mandatory iodization of household salt with 30 mg KI/kg, was introduced. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine intake among school-age children living in Opoczno in 3 subsequent time points – in 1994, before establishment of currently operating model of iodine prophylaxis, in 1999 – 2 years after implementation of iodine prophylaxis and in 2010, – 14 years after its implementation. Methods We assessed goitre incidence and urine iodine concentration (UIC) in 104 children in 1994, 207 children in 1999 and 174 children in 2012. Age of examined children ranged from 6 to 15 years. The thyroid volumes evaluated by ultrasound were compared to reference values for thyroid volume proposed by Zimmermann at al. Moreover, we have introduced a new index – V/BSA ratio (comparison of thyroid volume to the body surface area), which to our belief allows for more accurate assessment of thyroid volume. Results The median of UICs was 45.5 μg/L (1994), 101.1 μg/L (1999) and 100.6 μg/L (2010). The distribution of obtained results has changed as well – iodine concentrations below 50 μg/L were present in 59.1% children in 1994, in 12.6% children – in 1999 and in 7.1% children – in 2010. Although a significant decrease in goitre incidence with regard to age – 92.6% (1994) vs 18.5% (1999) and 15.8% (2010), as well as with regard to BSA – 95.4% (1994) vs 15.2% (1999) and 11.6% (2010) was observed, it still points to the iodine deficiency, which is in contradiction with UICs as they are within normal limits. V/BSA ratio avoids such discrepancy. The values of ratio V/BSA were higher in 1994 (7.079 ± 2.775) than in 1999 (2.935 ± 1.112) (p<0.05) and in 2010 (2.846 ± 1.029) (p<0.05). Conclusions Hitherto model of iodine prophylaxis has proved to be effective in eliminating the iodine deficiency. The iodine intake is now more even, homogenous, which translates into smaller scatter of UICs and less percentage of children, in whom UIC is less than 50 μg/L. However, the iodine intake only slightly exceeds the recommended values, so median of UICs oscillates around the lower limit of references values. PMID:23259538

  16. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by iodine/creatinine ratio from spot urine in Chinese school-age children.

    PubMed

    Chen, Wen; Li, Xiang; Guo, Xiaohui; Shen, Jun; Tan, Long; Lin, Laixiang; Wu, Yalan; Wang, Wei; Wang, Wenqiang; Bian, Jianchao; Zhang, Wanqi

    2017-04-01

    To assess the validity of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) from spot urines in Chinese school-age children. A cross-sectional survey was performed in which twice-repeated collections of 24-h urine, and spot urine samples were obtained within 1 month. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), urinary creatinine concentration (UCr), urine volume (Uvol) of spot and 24-h urine samples were measured. Measured 24-h UIE was calculated from 24-h UIC multiplied by 24-h Uvol, while the estimated 24-h UIE was calculated from spot UI/Cr multiplied by 24-h urinary creatinine excretion (24-h UCrE). No significant difference was observed in 24-h Uvol between two repeated collections (P = 0·70), while spot UIC, 24-h UIC, spot UI/Cr and measured 24-h UIE were significantly different (P < 0·05). The estimated 24-h UIE was 247 (136-431) μg/day in the first collection, lower than the measured 24-h UIE of 329 (183-536) μg/day (P < 0·001), while no significant difference was observed (P = 0·30) in the second sampling as the estimated 24-h UIE was 355 (168-624) μg/day and the measured 24-h UIE 350 (181-615) μg/day. The spot UIC (r = 0·57, P < 0·001), spot UI/Cr (r = 0·63, P < 0·001) and the estimated 24-h UIE (r = 0·83, P < 0·001) were strongly correlated with the measured 24-h UIE in the first collection. Likewise, in the second sampling, spot UIC (r = 0·60, P < 0·001), spot UI/Cr (r = 0·72, P < 0·001) and the estimated 24-h UIE (r = 0·89, P < 0·001) were also correlated with measured 24-h UIE. The Bland-Altman results indicated 95% of subjects were expected to locate within the limits of agreement (LOA), but showed an underestimation of the urinary iodine excretion by the estimated 24-h UIE. In addition, moderate-to-good agreement was found for the estimated and measured 24-h UIE, with kappa values of 0·55 and 0·66. Estimated 24-h UIE by UI/Cr ratio from spot urine could represent a valid and reliable alternative for measured 24-h UIE in estimating iodine excretion in children. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. A critical review on iodine presence in drinking water access at the Saharawi refugee camps (Tindouf, Algeria).

    PubMed

    Pichel, N; Vivar, M

    2017-07-01

    Iodine content in drinking water at the Saharawi refugee camps was analysed to assess the controversy in the origin of the prevalence of goitre among this population. A review on the iodine presence in drinking water reported in the literature was conducted, along with international standards and guidelines for iodine intake and iodine concentration in drinking water were also consulted. Chinese legislation was taken as the reference standard to evaluate the iodine concentration in water as adequate (10-150μg/L) or not (high iodine >150μg/L and iodine excess goitre >300μg/L). Water sampling was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the Saharawi camps (El Aiun, Awserd, Smara, Boujador and Dakhla) and at the institutional capital of Rabouni. The water supply in the camps is organized in three zones: El Aiun and Awserd where each 'wilaya' receives treated water 20days and raw water another 20days; Smara, Rabouni and Boujador receiving treated water continuously and Dakhla receiving raw water continuously. Results show that Smara, Rabouni and Boujador have access to drinking water with adequate iodine levels, as it occurs in Dakhla where raw water meets the Chinese standard, however in El Aiun and Awserd all population should have access to treated water given the current quality of the raw water supply. External supplies of water and animal milk could be also contributing to the high iodine intake. In conclusion, the contribution of drinking water as the main source of iodine to the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and goitre prevalence among the Saharawi refugee population is not clear. Further studies should be conducted to assess the iodine content among all the nutritional sources of the population with a detailed study on the daily intake of these foods and drinks, including UIC and goitre prevalence studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  18. Current iodine nutrition status and progress toward elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background The term iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) refers to all the effects of iodine deficiency on growth and development in human and animal populations that can be prevented by correction of the iodine deficiency. The objective of this paper was to determine the iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren in the Jazan Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), by measuring urinary iodine concentrations and by clinical assessments of goiter rate. Methods A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Jazan region of southwestern KSA from May to November 2010. A total of 311 children, aged 6–13 years, drawn from 12 schools, were selected by a three-stage cluster random sampling method. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and physical examinations were conducted to determine the presence or absence of goiter. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Chi square and independent t-tests were used for proportions and mean comparisons between groups. Results Out of 360 selected children, 311 were examined. There were 131 males (42%) and 180 females (58%). The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the study group was 421 μg/L. The study population proportion with UIC > 300 μg/L was 74% with a higher proportion among males and urban populations. The proportion of children with UIC of 100–300 μg/L was only 21% and was significantly higher among females compared with males (p < 0.001). Only about 3% of the children had a median UIC less than 50 μg/L. The prevalence of total goiter rate (TGR) among the sample of schoolchildren in Jazan was 11%, with significant variations between rural and urban populations and by gender. Conclusions The present study demonstrates a remarkable achievement in Universal Salt Iodization (USI) and IDD elimination goals in the Jazan area. However, UIC levels reflect excessive iodine intake and may put the population at risk of adverse health consequences like iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID:23167286

  19. Thyroglobulin as a Biomarker of Iodine Deficiency: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Zheng Feei

    2014-01-01

    Background: Thyroglobulin, produced exclusively by the thyroid gland, has been proposed to be a more sensitive biomarker of iodine status than thyrotropin or the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. However, evidence on the usefulness of thyroglobulin (Tg) to assess iodine status has not been extensively reviewed, particularly in pregnant women and adults. Summary: An electronic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline to locate relevant studies on Tg as a biomarker of iodine status. Since urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the recommended method to assess iodine status in populations, only studies that clearly reported both Tg and UIC were included. For the purpose of this review, a median Tg <13 μg/L and a median UIC ≥100 μg/L (UIC ≥150 μg/L for pregnant women) were used to indicate adequate iodine status. We excluded studies conducted in subjects with either known thyroid disease or those with thyroglobulin antibodies. The search strategy and selection criteria yielded 34 articles of which nine were intervention studies. The majority of studies (six of eight) reported that iodine-deficient pregnant women had a median Tg ≥13 μg/L. However, large observational studies of pregnant women, including women with adequate and inadequate iodine status, as well as well-designed intervention trials that include both Tg and UIC, are needed. In adults, the results were equivocal because iodine-deficient adults were reported to have median Tg values of either <13 or ≥13 μg/L. Only studies in school-aged children showed that iodine-sufficient children typically had a median Tg <13 μg/L. Some of the inconsistent results may be partially explained by the use of different methodological assays and failure to assess assay accuracy using a certified reference material. Conclusions: These data suggest that Tg does hold promise as a biomarker of iodine deficiency. However, it is associated with limitations. A median Tg cutoff of 13 μg/L warrants further investigation, particularly in adults or pregnant women, as there is a lack of both observational and intervention studies in these groups. PMID:24762031

  20. Fortification of bread with iodized salt corrected iodine deficiency in school-aged children, but not in their mothers: a national cross-sectional survey in Belgium.

    PubMed

    Vandevijvere, Stefanie; Mourri, Ahmed Bensouda; Amsalkhir, Sihame; Avni, Freddy; Van Oyen, Herman; Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo

    2012-10-01

    In the years 1985-1998, it was noted that mild iodine deficiency (MID) was a public health problem in Belgium. Therefore, an agreement was signed in 2009 between the bakery sector and the Ministry of Health, to fortify bread with iodized salt. We tested the hypothesis that the iodine status of Belgian children improved after the introduction of bread fortified with iodized salt. Since the dietary habits of children and adults may differ, we also investigated whether the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among the children in this study reflected the iodine status of their mothers. The study was cross-sectional. In a van, equipped with an ultrasound device, the thyroid volumes (Tvol) of children were measured and household salt samples and urine samples were collected from the children and their mothers. From across Belgium, 60 schools were selected and 1541 children participated in the study. The median UIC in children was 113.1 and 84.4 μg/L among their mothers. The median UIC among children was substantially greater compared to more than 10 years ago (80 μg/L; p<0.001). The median UIC in school-aged children was lower in Wallonia than in Flanders (p<0.001) and was higher in boys than in girls (p<0.001). The percentage of children with goiter was 7.2%. Of the 904 salt samples received, 63.2% did not contain iodine. Fortification of bread with iodized salt corrected iodine deficiency in Belgian children, but not in their mothers. To provide these women with an adequate iodine intake, the use of both iodized salt in bread and iodized instead of noniodized household salt needs to increase. Our findings suggest that the median UIC in children may not be an adequate surrogate of adults' iodine status. Therefore, monitoring iodine status should not be limited to children, but should be extended to women of child-bearing age.

  1. Food Group Intakes as Determinants of Iodine Status among US Adult Population.

    PubMed

    Lee, Kyung Won; Shin, Dayeon; Cho, Mi Sook; Song, Won O

    2016-05-26

    Adequate intake of iodine is essential for proper thyroid function. Although dietary reference intakes for iodine have been established, iodine intake cannot be estimated due to the lack of data on iodine contents in foods. We aimed to determine if food group intakes can predict iodine status assessed by urinary iodine concentration (UIC) from spot urine samples of 5967 US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. From an in-person 24-h dietary recall, all foods consumed were aggregated into 12 main food groups using the individual food code of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA); dairy products, meat/poultry, fish/seaweed, eggs, legumes/nuts/seeds, breads, other grain products, fruits, vegetables, fats/oils, sugars/sweets, and beverages. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predictability of food group intakes in iodine status assessed by UIC. From the multiple linear regressions, the consumption of dairy products, eggs, and breads, and iodine-containing supplement use were positively associated with UIC, whereas beverage consumption was negatively associated with UIC. Among various food group intakes, dairy product intake was the most important determinant of iodine status in both US men and women. Subpopulation groups with a high risk of iodine deficiency may need nutritional education regarding the consumption of dairy products, eggs, and breads to maintain an adequate iodine status. Efforts toward a better understanding of iodine content in each food and a continued monitoring of iodine status within US adults are both warranted.

  2. 49 CFR Appendix C to Part 238 - Suspension System Safety Performance Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suspension System Safety Performance Standards C... industry standard acceptable to FRA is developed and approved under the procedures provided in § 238.21. (a... as follows: ER12MY99.005 where: δ=flange angle (deg). μ=coefficient of friction of 0.5. (2) The net...

  3. 49 CFR Appendix C to Part 238 - Suspension System Safety Performance Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suspension System Safety Performance Standards C... industry standard acceptable to FRA is developed and approved under the procedures provided in § 238.21. (a... as follows: ER12MY99.005 where: δ=flange angle (deg). μ=coefficient of friction of 0.5. (2) The net...

  4. 21 CFR 900.14 - Suspension or revocation of certificates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension or revocation of certificates. 900.14 Section 900.14 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MAMMOGRAPHY QUALITY STANDARDS ACT MAMMOGRAPHY Quality Standards and Certification § 900.14...

  5. 7 CFR 75.33 - Suspension or revocation of license of inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Suspension or revocation of license of inspector. 75.33 Section 75.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL...

  6. 7 CFR 75.33 - Suspension or revocation of license of inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Suspension or revocation of license of inspector. 75.33 Section 75.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL...

  7. 7 CFR 75.33 - Suspension or revocation of license of inspector.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Suspension or revocation of license of inspector. 75.33 Section 75.33 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL...

  8. 48 CFR 22.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 22.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of contract payments... contract with the same prime contractor that is subject to either Construction Wage Rate Requirements... contractor or subcontractor fails or refuses to comply with the labor standards clauses of the Construction...

  9. A novel technique for performing a tongue-lip adhesion-the tongue suspension technique.

    PubMed

    Mann, Robert J; Neaman, Keith C; Hill, Brian; Bajnrauh, Robert; Martin, Matthew D

    2012-01-01

    The tongue-lip adhesion has undergone several modifications in an attempt to reduce surgical complications and failure rates. Current techniques rely on the use of a button at the tongue base for suspension, which raises concerns about possible aspiration and interference with oral motor function and bottle-feeding. A new technique for tongue-lip adhesion is proposed that adds a tongue suspension to the standard surgical adhesion. A total of 22 patients with Pierre Robin sequence who received a tongue-lip adhesion via a tongue suspension technique were reviewed. The surgical technique differs from the standard surgical approach by the use of a suture weave across the base of the tongue instead of a standard button to suspend the tongue anteriorly. Average age at the time of tongue-lip adhesion was 13.9 days, with a mean operative time of 88.8 minutes. A marked improvement in postoperative oxygenation was seen in the majority of patients. One dehiscence occurred secondary to a traumatic postoperative extubation, eventually requiring a tracheostomy for subglottic stenosis. A technical innovation for performing a tongue-lip adhesion using a tongue suspension in conjunction with a standard transverse adhesion of the lip is described. The advantage of the tongue-lip adhesion with suspension includes immediate postoperative extubation, as well as removal of concerns regarding button aspiration and possible interference in early developmental oral motor function and bottle-feeding. This technique is reproducible, expanding the craniofacial surgeon's armamentarium for the management of difficult airways in Pierre Robin sequence.

  10. 48 CFR 1422.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... suspension of contract payments. 1422.406-9 Section 1422.406-9 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS APPLICATION OF LABOR LAWS TO GOVERNMENT ACQUISITIONS Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1422.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of contract...

  11. 48 CFR 622.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... suspension of contract payments. 622.406-9 Section 622.406-9 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS APPLICATION OF LABOR LAWS TO GOVERNMENT ACQUISITIONS Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 622.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of contract payments...

  12. Excessive iodine intake during pregnancy in Somali refugees.

    PubMed

    Kassim, Ismail A R; Ruth, Laird J; Creeke, Paul I; Gnat, Danielle; Abdalla, Fathia; Seal, Andrew J

    2012-01-01

    Iodine deficiency and excess are both associated with adverse health consequences, with fetuses, children and pregnant women being most vulnerable to the devastating effects of severe deficiency. It is often assumed that the iodine status of a population if displaced or in a remote or emergency situation is low. However, there is little evidence available to support this assumption, especially among long-term food-aid-dependent pregnant women. An effectiveness trial of a prenatal multiple-micronutrient supplement that contained 150 µg day(-1) iodine was conducted in two refugee camps in the North Eastern Province of Kenya in 2002. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in a subsample of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dagahaley (control camp) (n = 74) and Ifo (intervention camp) (n = 63). There was no significant difference in median UIC between the two camps (P = 0.118). The combined median UIC was 730 µg L(-1) (interquartile range, 780) (5.77 µmol L(-1)) and exceeded the upper safe limit of 500 µg L(-1) (3.95 µmol L(-1)) for pregnant women (P < 0.001), indicating excessive iodine intake. About 20% of the study subjects had 'more than adequate' urinary iodine, while over 71% had excessive UIC. Salt iodine content varied between 5.1 and 80.1 ppm in the five market salt samples analysed. In conclusion, excessive iodine intake was evident in the Dadaab refugee camps. Further research needs to be conducted to investigate the source of excess iodine, to determine the measures needed to address excessive iodine intake and to reconsider the World Health Organization/World Food Programme/United Nations Children's Fund guidance on supplementation of vulnerable groups in emergencies.

  13. Adequate Iodine Status in New Zealand School Children Post-Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

    PubMed Central

    Jones, Emma; McLean, Rachael; Davies, Briar; Hawkins, Rochelle; Meiklejohn, Eva; Ma, Zheng Feei; Skeaff, Sheila

    2016-01-01

    Iodine deficiency re-emerged in New Zealand in the 1990s, prompting the mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt from 2009. This study aimed to determine the iodine status of New Zealand children when the fortification of bread was well established. A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8–10 years was conducted in the cities of Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand, from March to May 2015. Children provided a spot urine sample for the determination of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), a fingerpick blood sample for Thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration, and completed a questionnaire ascertaining socio-demographic information that also included an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was used to estimate iodine intake from all main food sources including bread and iodised salt. The median UIC for all children (n = 415) was 116 μg/L (females 106 μg/L, males 131 μg/L) indicative of adequate iodine status according to the World Health Organisation (WHO, i.e., median UIC of 100–199 μg/L). The median Tg concentration was 8.7 μg/L, which was <10 μg/L confirming adequate iodine status. There was a significant difference in UIC by sex (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p = 0.006). The mean iodine intake from the food-only model was 65 μg/day. Bread contributed 51% of total iodine intake in the food-only model, providing a mean iodine intake of 35 μg/day. The mean iodine intake from the food-plus-iodised salt model was 101 μg/day. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm that the iodine status in New Zealand school children is now adequate. PMID:27196925

  14. Iodine deficiency a persisting problem: assessment of iodine nutrition and evaluation of thyroid nodular pathology in Portugal.

    PubMed

    Santos, J E C; Freitas, M; Fonseca, C P; Castilho, P; Carreira, I M; Rombeau, J L; Branco, M C

    2017-02-01

    The goal of eliminating iodine deficiency (ID) by the year 2000 has still not been achieved in several countries. More than 2 billion people worldwide (over 260 million school age children) remain ID. In Europe, there are still countries, such as Portugal, without national general population data on iodine nutrition (IN). This study aims at evaluating combined complementary data of the IN of the general population through urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the thyroid histology profile from the inland region of Beira Interior (BI), in Portugal. UIC from a population sample of 214 volunteers (131 females and 83 males), with ages ranging from 8 to 97 years (mean 51.5 years ± SD 20.74 years), from BI was determined; the thyroid histology pattern in BI (6-year period) was evaluated; and the iodine content of the largest surface water reservoir of BI, never previously reported, was measured. Median UIC of 62.6 μg/L was measured. Over 92 % of the population had UIC less than 100 μg/L. From 279 histology reports evaluated, the incidence of the different types of thyroid nodular pathology in BI was established. There were 60 histologic diagnoses of malignancy. The observed ratio of papillary to follicular carcinoma relatively close to 1 and the fairly high percentage of anaplastic carcinomas are characteristic of ID areas. The findings of this first general population study on IN from the inland region of BI, Portugal, document significant ID. This problem, with its serious public health implications, could be corrected by having affordable iodised salt widely and generally available and by promoting a proactive population attitude generated by ample public information and educational programs as to the negative consequences of ID.

  15. Assessment of iodine status and associated factors in vulnerable populations in Henan Province, China, in 2012.

    PubMed

    Yang, Jin; Zheng, Heming; Li, Xiaofeng; Zhu, Lin; Hao, Zongyu; Chen, Gan; Liu, Yang; Wang, Yanli

    2014-01-01

    Iodine content in table salt was adjusted from 30-50 mg/kg to 21-39 mg/kg from March of 2012 in Henan Province, China. The vulnerable population may be at risk of iodine deficiency. To determine whether the iodine intake was sufficient in vulnerable populations and to investigate what factors may be associated with iodine status in these vulnerable populations in Henan Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 cities in Henan Province, China, from April 2012 to December 2012 to assess the iodine status in vulnerable populations, including women of reproductive-age (n=2648), pregnant women (n=39684), lactating women (n=6859), infants <2 years of age (n=16481), and children aged 8-10 years (n=3198). Questionnaires (n=4865) related to demographic and dietary factors were collected from the investigated women to identify factors that were related to iodine intake and iodine status. The median urinary iodine concentrations (mUICs) were 205 μg/L, 198 μg/L, 167 μg/L, 205 μg/L and 200 μg/L, respectively, in reproductiveage, pregnant and lactating women, infants <2 years of age and children aged 8-10 years. Higher income, and consuming more poultry and fish in the diet had positive impact on UIC levels. Low salt intake, consuming more rice and vegetables in the diet were negative factors for UIC. Iodine status of the vulnerable populations was generally adequate in Henan Province, China, according to WHO criteria. But the mUICs were slightly above the adequate level in reproductive-age women and children aged 8-10 years. It's important to monitor the iodine status in vulnerable populations after the adjustment on iodine content in table salt.

  16. Can an Educational Intervention Improve Iodine Nutrition Status in Pregnant Women? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    PubMed

    Amiri, Parisa; Hamzavi Zarghani, Najmeh; Nazeri, Pantea; Ghofranipour, Fazlollah; Karimi, Mehrdad; Amouzegar, Atieh; Mirmiran, Parvin; Azizi, Fereidoun

    2017-03-01

    Because of their increased need for iodine, pregnant women are among the high-risk groups for iodine deficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women. In this randomized controlled trial, 100 pregnant women were randomly selected from five healthcare centers in the southern region of Tehran, the capital of Iran. In the intervention group, pregnant women received a four-month educational program, which included two face-to-face educational sessions, using a researcher-designed educational pamphlet in the second and third trimesters, and two follow-up telephone calls. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and salt iodine content were assessed at baseline and four months after the intervention. At baseline, there were significant associations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) between practice and UIC (r = 0.28, p = 0.01) and between UIC and iodine content of salt (r = 0.24, p = 0.009). Although a significant difference was found in mean KAP scores between the two groups after the educational intervention, scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in UIC and iodine content of salt between the two groups at follow-up. Despite educational intervention increasing KAP among women regarding the importance of iodine and iodized salt consumption during pregnancy, their iodine status did not improve. Considering the main socio-environmental determinants of iodine deficiency, in particular, the monitoring of salt fortification, prescribing iodine containing supplements as well as improving health literacy in pregnant women seem essential strategies.

  17. Urinary and Milk Iodine Status in Neonates and Their Mothers during Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening Program in Eastern Azerbaijan: A Pilot Study

    PubMed Central

    MOBASSERI, Majid; ROSHANRAVAN, Neda; MESRI ALAMDARI, Naimeh; OSTADRAHIMI, Alireza; ASGHARI JAFARABADI, Mohammad; ANARI, Farideh; HEDAYATI, Mehdi

    2014-01-01

    Abstract Background Iodine is essential element in thyroid hormones synthesis and normal growth and development of the brain. Milk and iodine concentrations can be appropriate indicator of body iodine status; in this study, we evaluated the concentrations of urine and milk iodine in newborns and their mothers. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013, urine and milk iodine in 106 neonates and their mothers referred to healthcare center in Shabestar, Eastern Azerbaijan for congenital hypothyroidism screening program were determined. Median urinary iodine < 100 µg/L and milk iodine < 50 µg/L was considered as iodine deficiency. Results The median urine iodine concentrations (UIC) in mothers and infants were 142.31 µg/L (.0 - 1260) and 306.76 µg/L (23.56-1020) respectively. Urine iodine concentrations were < 100 µg/L in 33.9% of mothers and 14.2% of neonates. The median milk iodine concentration (MIC) was 58.23 µg/L (20.31- 425) and in 41.9% of mothers was <50 µg/L. A positive significant correlation was found between milk iodine and maternal urinary iodine concentration (r=0.533, P= 0.000). There was significant correlation between neonatal UIC and maternal UIC (r=0.462, P= 0.000), neonatal UIC and MIC (r=0.414, P= 0.000). Conclusions Urinary and milk iodine concentrations in mothers and infants were within acceptable range, which indicates adequate iodine intake. However, there were moderate and marginal iodine deficiencies in about half percentage of participants. Insufficient amount of milk iodine in about half of the mothers can result in iodine deficiency in breast-fed infants. PMID:26060700

  18. Inhaled corticosteroid metered-dose inhalers: how do variations in technique for solutions versus suspensions affect drug distribution?

    PubMed

    Robinson, Christie A; Tsourounis, Candy

    2013-03-01

    To assess the literature that evaluates how variations in metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique affect lung distribution for inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) formulated as MDI suspensions and solutions. PubMed (up to November 2012) and Cochrane Library (up to November 2012) were searched using the terms metered-dose inhalers, HFA 134a, Asthma/*drug therapy, and inhaled corticosteroids. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. All articles in English from the data sources that assessed MDI technique comparing total lung distribution (TLD) of MDI solutions or suspensions formulated with ICSs were included in the review. Five relevant studies were identified. Five controlled studies compared how variations in MDI technique affect TLD for ICS MDI solutions with suspensions. MDI solutions resulted in greater TLD compared with larger particle MDI suspensions. Delayed or early inspiration upon device actuation of MDI solutions resulted in less TLD than coordinated actuation, but with a 3- to 4-times greater TLD than MDI suspensions inhaled using a standard technique. A sixth study evaluated inspiratory flow rates (IFR) for small, medium, and large particles. Rapid and slow IFRs resulted in similar TLD for small particles, while far fewer particles reached the airways with medium and large particles at rapid, rather than slow, IFRs. Based on the literature evaluated, standard MDI technique should be used for ICS suspensions. ICS MDI solutions can provide a higher average TLD than larger-particle ICS suspensions using standard technique, discoordinated inspiration and medication actuation timing, or rapid and slow IFRs. ICS MDI solutions allow for a more forgiving technique, which makes them uniquely suitable options for patients with asthma who have difficultly with MDI technique.

  19. Effect of buffer and antioxidant on stability of a mercaptopurine suspension.

    PubMed

    Aliabadi, Hamidreza Montazeri; Romanick, Marcel; Desai, Sunil; Lavasanifar, Afsaneh

    2008-03-01

    The stability of standard and modified mercaptopurine suspensions when stored at room temperature and under refrigerated conditions to test the feasibility of increasing shelf life was studied. A 50-mg/mL mercaptopurine suspension was compounded by adding simple syrup, cherry syrup, and sterile water for irrigation to triturated mercaptopurine tablets for the initial reference formulation. Three additional formulations were prepared by adding an antioxidant (ascorbic acid 10 mg), a buffer (sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate 500 mg), and a combination of antioxidant and buffer to the reference formulation. Each compounded batch was divided into two parts and stored in amber bottles at room temperature (19-23 degrees C) or under refrigerated conditions (4-8 degrees C). Analysis through high-performance liquid chromatography determined mercaptopurine levels after three and seven days and weekly thereafter for at least two weeks after shelf life was reached under specified storage conditions. Solutions with at least 93% of the original mercaptopurine concentration and with no observable sign of aggregation or cake formation were considered stable. The reference suspension of mercaptopurine showed an acceptable physical and chemical stability of up to 5 weeks when stored at room temperature. The addition of ascorbic acid extended the shelf life of the compounded suspension to 11 weeks. However, the addition of sodium phosphate monobasic did not improve the stability of mercaptopurine in the suspension. The results showed a higher stability for all formulations after storage at room temperature compared with those stored in a refrigerator. A standard oral suspension of mercaptopurine contained an acceptable drug concentration for up to 5 weeks when stored at room temperature. The addition of ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.1% w/v to the standard formulation increased the suspension's shelf life at room temperature to 11 weeks.

  20. Iodine Nutritional Status of School Children in Nauru 2015

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Chun-Jui; Tseng, Chi-Lung; Chen, Harn-Shen; Garabwan, Chanda; Korovo, Samuela; Tang, Kam-Tsun; Won, Justin Ging-Shing; Hsieh, Chang-Hsun; Wang, Fan-Fen

    2016-01-01

    Little is known about iodine nutritional status in island countries in the Pacific Ocean. The primary objective of this study was to report for the first time the iodine nutritional status of people in Nauru. In addition, sources of iodine nutrition (i.e., water and salt) were investigated. A school-based cross-sectional survey of children aged 6–12 years was conducted in three primary schools of Nauru. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined by spot urine samples. Available water and salt samples in Nauru were collected for the measurement of iodine content. A food frequency questionnaire was conducted. The median UIC was 142 μg/L, and 25.2% and 7.4% of the population had median UIC below 100 μg/L and 50 μg/L, respectively. Natural iodine-containing foods such as seaweeds and agar were rare. Iodine was undetectable in Nauruan tank water, filtered tap water, and raindrops. Of the analyzed salt products, five kinds were non-iodized, and three were iodized (iodine content: 15 ppm, 65 ppm, and 68 ppm, respectively). The results indicate that the iodine status in Nauruan school children is adequate. Iodized salt may serve as an important source of iodine nutrition in Nauru. PMID:27563920

  1. Low Urinary Iodine Concentration among Mothers and Children in Cambodia

    PubMed Central

    Laillou, Arnaud; Sophonneary, Prak; Kuong, Khov; Hong, Rathavuth; Un, Samoeurn; Chamnan, Chhoun; Poirot, Etienne; Berger, Jacques; Wieringa, Frank

    2016-01-01

    A 2014 national assessment of salt iodization coverage in Cambodia found that 62% of samples were non-iodized, suggesting a significant decline in daily iodine intakes. The Cambodian Micronutrient Survey conducted in 2014 (CMNS-2014) permitted obtaining national data on urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) to assess iodine status and whether iodized salt use had an impact. Urine samples were collected from mothers (n = 736) and children (n = 950). The median UIC was 63 µg/L and 72 µg/L in mothers and children respectively. More than 60% of mothers and their children had a UIC < 100 µg/L, thereby indicating a serious public health problem. Iodine status was significantly lower among mothers and children living in rural areas, belonging to the poorest socioeconomic category, or living in a household not using iodized salt. The limited enforcement of the legislation for iodized salt has resulted in a major decrease in the prevalence of iodized salt, which in turn has compromised iodine status in Cambodia. It is essential for the government to enhance enforcement of the iodized salt legislation, and implement short term strategies, such as iodine supplementation, to prevent an increase of severe complications due to iodine deficiency in the Cambodian population. PMID:27058551

  2. Urinary Iodine Concentrations and Mortality Among U.S. Adults.

    PubMed

    Inoue, Kosuke; Leung, Angela M; Sugiyama, Takehiro; Tsujimoto, Tetsuro; Makita, Noriko; Nangaku, Masaomi; Ritz, Beate R

    2018-06-08

    Iodine deficiency has long been recognized as an important public health problem. Global approaches such as salt iodization that aim to overcome iodine deficiency have been successful. Meanwhile, they have led to excessive iodine consumption in some populations, thereby increasing the risks of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction, as well as the comorbidities and mortality associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. We aimed to elucidate whether iodine intake is associated with mortality among U.S. adults. This is an observational study to estimate mortality risks according to urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) utilizing a nationally representative sample of 12,264 adults ages 20 to 80 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Crude and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to investigate the association between UIC (<50, 50-99, 100-299, 300-399, and >400 μg/L) and mortalities (all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer). In sensitivity analyses, we adjusted for total sodium intake and fat/calorie ratio in addition to other potential confounders. We also conducted stratum-specific analyses to estimate the effects of UIC on mortality according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and eGFR category. Over a median follow-up of 19.2 years, there were 3,159 deaths from all causes. Participants with excess iodine exposure (UIC >400 μg/L) were at higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to those with adequate iodine nutrition (HR, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.37). We also found elevated HRs of cardiovascular and cancer mortality, but the 95% CI of our effect estimates included the null value for both outcomes. Low UIC was not associated with increased mortality. Restricted cubic spline models showed similar results for all outcomes. The results did not change substantially after adjusting for total sodium intake and fat/calorie ratio. None of the potential interactions were statistically significant on a multiplicative scale. Higher all-cause mortality among those with excess iodine intake, compared with individuals with adequate iodine intake, highlights the importance of monitoring population iodine status. Further studies with longitudinal measures of iodine status are needed to validate our results and assess the potential risks excess iodine intake may have on long-term health outcomes.

  3. Bidisperse and polydisperse suspension rheology at large solid fraction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pednekar, Sidhant; Chun, Jaehun; Morris, Jeffrey F.

    At the same solid volume fraction, bidisperse and polydisperse suspensions display lower viscosities, and weaker normal stress response, compared to monodisperse suspensions. The reduction of viscosity associated with size distribution can be explained by an increase of the maximum flowable, or jamming, solid fraction. In this work, concentrated or "dense" suspensions are simulated under strong shearing, where thermal motion and repulsive forces are negligible, but we allow for particle contact with a mild frictional interaction with interparticle friction coefficient of 0.2. Aspects of bidisperse suspension rheology are first revisited to establish that the approach reproduces established trends; the study ofmore » bidisperse suspensions at size ratios of large to small particle radii (2 to 4) shows that a minimum in the viscosity occurs for zeta slightly above 0.5, where zeta=phi_{large}/phi is the fraction of the total solid volume occupied by the large particles. The simple shear flows of polydisperse suspensions with truncated normal and log normal size distributions, and bidisperse suspensions which are statistically equivalent with these polydisperse cases up to third moment of the size distribution, are simulated and the rheologies are extracted. Prior work shows that such distributions with equivalent low-order moments have similar phi_{m}, and the rheological behaviors of normal, log normal and bidisperse cases are shown to be in close agreement for a wide range of standard deviation in particle size, with standard correlations which are functionally dependent on phi/phi_{m} providing excellent agreement with the rheology found in simulation. The close agreement of both viscosity and normal stress response between bi- and polydisperse suspensions demonstrates the controlling in influence of the maximum packing fraction in noncolloidal suspensions. Microstructural investigations and the stress distribution according to particle size are also presented.« less

  4. Underground Injection Control (UIC)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Provide information on: individual injection well classes; regulations specific to each well class; technical guidance; compliance assistance; federal, state, and tribal/territory roles and responsibilities.

  5. Research highlights from the UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research for Women’s Health: Black cohosh from the field to the clinic

    PubMed Central

    Farnsworth, Norman R; Mahady, Gail B.

    2009-01-01

    In 1999, the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy at the College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois (UIC) at Chicago was funded to establish a Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The emphasis of the UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research (CBDSR) is botanical dietary supplements (BDS) for women's health. Center’s research has focused on BDS that may improve women's health and quality of life, specifically in the areas of menopause, premenstrual syndrome, and persistent urinary tract infections. Center investigators have overcome many challenges associated with botanical dietary supplements research, including acquiring and identifying plant species for investigation, isolating and identifying active constituents, elucidating the mechanisms of action of these botanicals, and conducting phase I and phase II clinical studies. Black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L. (Ranunculaceae)] has been used as a model to illustrate the steps involved in taking a botanical dietary supplement from the field, all the way to clinical trials. Bioassays are described that were necessary to elucidate the pertinent biological studies of plant extracts and their mechanisms of action. The Center has used an innovative multidisciplinary approach to this type of research, and thus has been very successful in fulfilling its specific aims. PMID:20161501

  6. Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration Study

    PubMed Central

    Costa Leite, João; Keating, Elisa; Pestana, Diogo; Cruz Fernandes, Virgínia; Maia, Maria Luz; Norberto, Sónia; Pinto, Edgar; Moreira-Rosário, André; Sintra, Diana; Moreira, Bárbara; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Costa, Vera; Martins, Inês; Castro Mendes, Francisca; Queirós, Pedro; Peixoto, Bruno; Carlos Caldas, José; Guerra, António; Fontoura, Manuel; Leal, Sandra; Moreira, Roxana; Palmares Carvalho, Irene; Matias Lima, Rui; Martins, Catia; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Almeida, Agostinho; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, Conceição

    2017-01-01

    The World Health Organization promotes salt iodisation to control iodine deficiency. In Portugal, the use of iodised salt in school canteens has been mandatory since 2013. The present study aimed to evaluate iodine status in school-aged children (6–12 years) and to monitor the use of iodised salt in school canteens. A total of 2018 participants were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional survey in northern Portugal. Children’s urine and salt samples from households and school canteens were collected. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed by parents to assess children’s eating frequency of iodine food sources. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median UIC was 129 µg/L which indicates the adequacy of iodine status and 32% of the children had UIC < 100 µg/L. No school canteen implemented the iodised salt policy and only 2% of the households were using iodised salt. Lower consumption of milk, but not fish, was associated with a higher risk of iodine deficiency. Estimation of sodium intake from spot urine samples could be an opportunity for adequate monitoring of population means. Implementation of iodine deficiency control policies should include a monitoring program aligned with the commitment of reducing the population salt intake. PMID:28475154

  7. Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration Study.

    PubMed

    Costa Leite, João; Keating, Elisa; Pestana, Diogo; Cruz Fernandes, Virgínia; Maia, Maria Luz; Norberto, Sónia; Pinto, Edgar; Moreira-Rosário, André; Sintra, Diana; Moreira, Bárbara; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Costa, Vera; Martins, Inês; Castro Mendes, Francisca; Queirós, Pedro; Peixoto, Bruno; Carlos Caldas, José; Guerra, António; Fontoura, Manuel; Leal, Sandra; Moreira, Roxana; Palmares Carvalho, Irene; Matias Lima, Rui; Martins, Catia; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Almeida, Agostinho; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, Conceição

    2017-05-05

    The World Health Organization promotes salt iodisation to control iodine deficiency. In Portugal, the use of iodised salt in school canteens has been mandatory since 2013. The present study aimed to evaluate iodine status in school-aged children (6-12 years) and to monitor the use of iodised salt in school canteens. A total of 2018 participants were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional survey in northern Portugal. Children's urine and salt samples from households and school canteens were collected. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed by parents to assess children's eating frequency of iodine food sources. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median UIC was 129 µg/L which indicates the adequacy of iodine status and 32% of the children had UIC < 100 µg/L. No school canteen implemented the iodised salt policy and only 2% of the households were using iodised salt. Lower consumption of milk, but not fish, was associated with a higher risk of iodine deficiency. Estimation of sodium intake from spot urine samples could be an opportunity for adequate monitoring of population means. Implementation of iodine deficiency control policies should include a monitoring program aligned with the commitment of reducing the population salt intake.

  8. Thyroid Function among Breastfed Children with Chronically Excessive Iodine Intakes

    PubMed Central

    Aakre, Inger; Strand, Tor A.; Bjøro, Trine; Norheim, Ingrid; Barikmo, Ingrid; Ares, Susana; Alcorta, Marta Duque; Henjum, Sigrun

    2016-01-01

    Iodine excess may impair thyroid function and trigger adverse health consequences for children. This study aims to describe iodine status among breastfed infants with high iodine exposure in the Saharawi refugee camps Algeria, and further assess thyroid function and iodine status among the children three years later. In 2010, a cross-sectional study among 111 breastfed children aged 0–6 months was performed (baseline study). In 2013, a second cross-sectional study (follow-up study) was conducted among 289 children; 213 newly selected and 76 children retrieved from baseline. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) were measured at baseline. UIC, thyroid hormones and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured at follow-up. At baseline and follow-up, 88% and 72% had excessive iodine intakes (UIC ≥ 300 µg/L), respectively. At follow-up, 24% had a thyroid hormone disturbance and/or elevated serum Tg, including 9% with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), 4% with elevated fT3 and 14% with elevated Tg. Children with SCH had poorer linear growth and were more likely to be underweight than the children without SCH. Excessive iodine intakes and thyroid disturbances were common among children below four years of age in our study. Further, SCH seemed to be associated with poor growth and weight. PMID:27367720

  9. Iodine nutritional status of women in their first trimester of pregnancy in Catalonia.

    PubMed

    Torres, Maria Teresa; Francés, Lidia; Vila, Lluis; Manresa, Josep María; Falguera, Gemma; Prieto, Gemma; Casamitjana, Roser; Toran, Pere

    2017-07-26

    Sufficient iodine intake is needed during pregnancy to ensure proper fetal development. The iodine levels of women in their first trimester of pregnancy in Catalonia are currently unknown. This data would help to determine whether our public health services should establish recommendations or interventions in this line. The aim of this study was to investigate the iodine nutritional status, prevalence of urinary iodine <150 μg/L, and tobacco use in the first trimester of pregnancy in our setting. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected during 2008-2009 from women in their first trimester at the primary care centers of the province of Barcelona (Spain). Pregnant women included in the study completed a questionnaire on eating habits and underwent urinary iodine concentration (UIC) assessment. Nine hundred forty five women completed the dietary questionnaire and urinary iodine testing. Median UIC was 172 μg/L, with 407 participants (43.1%) showing levels <150 μg/L. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, intake of 1-2 glasses of milk per day, OR = 0.636 95% CI (0.45-0.90) or >2 glasses, OR = 0.593 95% CI (0.37-0.95); iodized salt consumption, OR = 0.678 95% CI (0.51-0. 90); and use of iodine supplementation, OR = 0.410 95% CI (0.31-0.54), protected against the risk of UIC <150 μg/L. Simultaneous consumption of iodized salt and milk (≥1 glass/day) showed a larger protective effect: OR = 0.427, 95% CI (0.31-0.54). The median UIC of the pregnant women surveyed indicated an acceptable iodine nutritional status according to the criteria established by the WHO and ICCIDD. The risk of urinary iodine <150 μg/L decreased with simultaneous consumption of milk and iodized salt, similar to the decrease seen with iodine supplementation.

  10. 7 CFR 868.84 - Suspension or revocation of license.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Regulations Licensed Inspectors, Technicians, and Samplers § 868.84 Suspension or revocation of license. (a) General. (1) An inspector's, technician... health, interest, or safety require, the Administrator may summarily suspend an inspector's, technician's...

  11. Environmental Info for South Dakota

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page contains information about air and water in South Dakota, including state implementation programs (SIPs), air permitting, underground injection control (UIC) and National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).

  12. Iodine nutrition status and knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Tehranian women following 2 decades without public education.

    PubMed

    Mirmiran, Parvin; Nazeri, Pantea; Amiri, Parisa; Mehran, Ladan; Shakeri, Nezhat; Azizi, Fereidoun

    2013-01-01

    To evaluate the association of iodine nutrition status and knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Tehranian women after 2 decades without updating public education. Cross-sectional study. Eight health care centers from 4 district areas of Tehran. A total of 383 women aged ≥ 19 years, randomly selected. Iodine concentration of 24-hour urine samples, iodine content of household salts, and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding iodine nutrition and iodized salt. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the association of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) < 100 μg/L. The percentages of Tehranian women with high knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 26%, 26%, and 14%, respectively. Practice score was significantly different between females with UIC < 100 and > 100 μg/L (P = .001). Risk of UIC < 100 μg/L in women of childbearing age (19-45 years) after adjustment of education level, region of residence, and iodine content of salt was significantly associated with intermediate practice score (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-13.2). Marginally suboptimal iodine status in women of childbearing age can be attributed to inappropriate practices, but not to knowledge and attitude. Copyright © 2013 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Iodine Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Sierra Leone and Its Association with Household Coverage with Adequately Iodized Salt

    PubMed Central

    Rohner, Fabian; Wirth, James P.; Woodruff, Bradley A.; Chiwile, Faraja; Yankson, Hannah; Sesay, Fatmata; Koroma, Aminata S.; Petry, Nicolai; Pyne-Bailey, Solade; Dominguez, Elisa; Kupka, Roland; Hodges, Mary H.; de Onis, Mercedes

    2016-01-01

    Salt iodization programs are a public health success in tackling iodine deficiency. Yet, a large proportion of the world’s population remains at risk for iodine deficiency. In a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Sierra Leone, household salt samples and women’s urine samples were quantitatively analyzed for iodine content. Salt was collected from 1123 households, and urine samples from 817 non-pregnant and 154 pregnant women. Household coverage with adequately iodized salt (≥15 mg/kg iodine) was 80.7%. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of pregnant women was 175.8 µg/L and of non-pregnant women 190.8 µg/L. Women living in households with adequately iodized salt had higher median UIC (for pregnant women: 180.6 µg/L vs. 100.8 µg/L, respectively, p < 0.05; and for non-pregnant women: 211.3 µg/L vs. 97.8 µg/L, p < 0.001). Differences in UIC by residence, region, household wealth, and women’s education were much smaller in women living in households with adequately iodized salt than in households without. Despite the high household coverage of iodized salt in Sierra Leone, it is important to reach the 20% of households not consuming adequately iodized salt. Salt iodization has the potential for increasing equity in iodine status even with the persistence of other risk factors for deficiency. PMID:26848685

  14. 40 CFR 147.2921 - Schedule of compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Osage Mineral Reserve... of compliance leading to compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Osage UIC regulations...

  15. Development of a wear model for the wheel profile optimisation on railway vehicles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ignesti, M.; Innocenti, A.; Marini, L.; Meli, E.; Rindi, A.

    2013-09-01

    The modelling and the reduction of wear due to wheel-rail interaction is a fundamental aspect in the railway field, mainly correlated to safety, maintenance interventions and costs. In this work, the authors present two innovative wheel profiles, specifically designed with the aim of improving the wear and stability behaviour of the standard ORE S1002 wheel profile matched with the UIC60 rail profile canted at 1/20 rad, which represents the wheel-rail combination adopted in the Italian railway line. The two wheel profiles, conventionally named CD1 and DR2, have been developed by the authors in collaboration with Trenitalia S.p.A. The CD1 profile has been designed with the purpose of spreading the contact points in the flange zone on a larger area in order to reduce wear phenomena and having a constant equivalent conicity for small lateral displacements of the wheelset with respect to the centred position in the track. The DR2 wheel profile is instead designed to guarantee the same kinematic characteristics of the matching formed by ORE S1002 wheel profile and UIC60 rail profile with laying angle α p equal to 1/40 rad, widely common in European railways and characterised by good performances in both wear and kinematic behaviour. The evolution of wheel profiles due to wear has been evaluated through a wear model developed and validated by the authors in previous works. The wear model comprises two mutually interactive units: a vehicle model for the dynamic simulations and a model for the wear assessment. The whole model is based on a discrete process: each discrete step consists in one dynamic simulation and one profile update by means of the wear model while, within the discrete step, the profiles are supposed to be constant. The choice of an appropriate step is crucial in terms of precision and computational effort: the particular strategy adopted in the current work has been chosen for its capacity in representing the nonlinear wear evolution and for the low computational time required. In the present research, the investigated trainset is the passenger vehicle ALSTOM ALn 501 'Minuetto', which is usually equipped with the standard ORE S1002 wheel profile in Italian railways. The entire model has been simulated on a virtual track specifically developed to represent a statistical description of the whole Italian line. The data necessary to build the virtual track and the vehicle model were provided by Trenitalia S.p.A. and Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. The CD1 and DR2 wheel profiles, matched to the UIC60 rail with cant 1/20 rad, have shown a good behaviour in terms of wear resistance if compared with the old ORE S1002 wheel profile, consequently assuring a more uniform distribution of the removed material and a prolongation of the mean time between two subsequent re-profiling interventions.

  16. Assessment of the subsurface hydrology of the UIC-NARL main camp, near Barrow, Alaska, 1993-94

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    McCarthy, K.A.; Solin, G.L.

    1995-01-01

    Imikpuk Lake serves as the drinking-water source for the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation-National Arctic Research Laboratory (UIC-NARL, formerly known as the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory) near Barrow, Alaska. Previously acceptable hazardous-waste disposal practices and accidental releases of various fuels and solvents during the past several decades have resulted in contamination of soil and ground water in the vicinity of the lake. As part of an assessment of the risk that subsurface contamination poses to the quality of water in the lake, the subsurface hydrology of the UIC-NARL main camp was examined. The study area is located approximately 530 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle, on the northern coast of Alaska, and the short annual thaw season and the presence of shallow, areally continuous permafrost restrict hydrologic processes. A transient ground-water system is present within the active layer-the shallow subsurface layer that thaws each summer and refreezes each winter. Water-level and thaw-depth data collected during the summers of 1993 and 1994 show that the configurations of both the water table and the subsurface frost govern the ground- water flow system in the UIC-NARL main camp and indicate that recharge to and discharge from the system are small. Spatial irregularities in the vertical extent of the active layer result from variations in land-surface elevation, variations in soil type, and the presence of buildings and other structures that either act as a heat source or block heat transfer to and from the subsurface. Distinct features in the active-layer hydrologic system in the UIC-NARL main camp include a permafrost ridge, which generally acts as a flow-system divide between the Arctic Ocean and inland water bodies; a mound in the water table, which indicates increased impedance to ground- water flow toward Imikpuk Lake and acts as a flow-system divide between the lake and Middle Salt Lagoon; and a depression in the water table, which suggests a local breach in the permafrost ridge that allows some ground water to flow directly from the main camp to the Arctic Ocean. Similar thaw depths and water-table elevations were measured during the summers of 1993 and 1994, and little change occurred in the thickness of the ground-water zone between mid- and late-thaw- season measurements. These data suggest that the system is in a state of quasi-equilibrium and that ground-water discharge is small. The observed drop in the water table as the active layer develops over the summer is probably largely the result of evapotranspiration losses rather than system outflow.

  17. 40 CFR 144.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... facility” Improved sinkhole means a naturally occurring karst depression or other natural crevice found in... the Administrator under the “appropriate Act and regulations.” Major facility means any UIC “facility...

  18. homepage of A Ismail

    Science.gov Websites

    @anl.gov Ahmed Ismail Research Associate at the ANL High Energy Physics Theory Group and UIC ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS THEORY High Energy Phenomenology Updated October 2013 aismail@anl.gov

  19. Effect of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy and automated insulin suspension vs standard insulin pump therapy on hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

    PubMed

    Ly, Trang T; Nicholas, Jennifer A; Retterath, Adam; Lim, Ee Mun; Davis, Elizabeth A; Jones, Timothy W

    2013-09-25

    Hypoglycemia is a critical obstacle to the care of patients with type 1 diabetes. Sensor-augmented insulin pump with automated low-glucose insulin suspension has the potential to reduce the incidence of major hypoglycemic events. To determine the incidence of severe and moderate hypoglycemia with sensor-augmented pump with low-glucose suspension compared with standard insulin pump therapy. A randomized clinical trial involving 95 patients with type 1 diabetes, recruited from December 2009 to January 2012 in Australia. Patients were randomized to insulin pump only or automated insulin suspension for 6 months. The primary outcome was the combined incidence of severe (hypoglycemic seizure or coma) and moderate hypoglycemia (an event requiring assistance for treatment). In a subgroup, counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia were assessed using the hypoglycemic clamp technique. Of the 95 patients randomized, 49 were assigned to the standard-pump (pump-only) therapy and 46 to the low-glucose suspension group. The mean (SD) age was 18.6 (11.8) years; duration of diabetes, 11.0 (8.9) years; and duration of pump therapy, 4.1 (3.4) years. The baseline rate of severe and moderate hypoglycemic events in the pump-only group was 20.7 vs 129.6 events per 100 patient months in the low-glucose suspension group. After 6 months of treatment, the event rates decreased from 28 to 16 in the pump-only group vs 175 to 35 in the low-glucose suspension group. The adjusted incidence rate per 100 patient-months was 34.2 (95% CI, 22.0-53.3) for the pump-only group vs 9.5 (95% CI, 5.2-17.4) for the low-glucose suspension group. The incidence rate ratio was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.7-7.5; P <.001). There was no change in glycated hemoglobin in either group: mean, 7.4 (95% CI, 7.2-7.6) to 7.4 (95% CI, 7.2-7.7) in the pump-only group vs mean, 7.6 (95%, CI, 7.4-7.9) to 7.5 (95% CI, 7.3-7.7) in the low-glucose suspension group. Counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia were not changed. There were no episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia with ketosis. Sensor-augmented pump therapy with automated insulin suspension reduced the combined rate of severe and moderate hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000024044.

  20. 48 CFR 1222.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1222.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of... 4220.7, Employee Claim for Wage Restitution, is obtained from each employee claiming restitution under the contract. The Comptroller General (Claims Division) must receive this form with a completed...

  1. 48 CFR 1222.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1222.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of... 4220.7, Employee Claim for Wage Restitution, is obtained from each employee claiming restitution under the contract. The Comptroller General (Claims Division) must receive this form with a completed...

  2. 48 CFR 1222.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1222.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of... 4220.7, Employee Claim for Wage Restitution, is obtained from each employee claiming restitution under the contract. The Comptroller General (Claims Division) must receive this form with a completed...

  3. 48 CFR 1222.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1222.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of... 4220.7, Employee Claim for Wage Restitution, is obtained from each employee claiming restitution under the contract. The Comptroller General (Claims Division) must receive this form with a completed...

  4. 48 CFR 1222.406-9 - Withholding from or suspension of contract payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Labor Standards for Contracts Involving Construction 1222.406-9 Withholding from or suspension of... 4220.7, Employee Claim for Wage Restitution, is obtained from each employee claiming restitution under the contract. The Comptroller General (Claims Division) must receive this form with a completed...

  5. Transtibial prosthesis suspension failure during skydiving freefall: a case report.

    PubMed

    Gordon, Assaf T; Land, Rebekah M

    2009-01-01

    This report describes the unusual case of an everyday-use prosthesis suspension system failure during the freefall phase of a skydiving jump. The case individual was a 53-year-old male with a left transtibial amputation secondary to trauma. He used his everyday prosthesis, a transtibial endoskeleton with push-button, plunger-releasing, pin-locking silicon liner suction suspension and a neoprene knee suspension sleeve, for a standard recreational tandem skydive. Within seconds of exiting the plane, the suspension systems failed, resulting in the complete prosthesis floating away. Several factors may have led to suspension system failure, including an inadequate seal and material design of the knee suspension sleeve and liner, lack of auxiliary suspension mechanisms, and lack of a safety cover overlying the push-button release mechanism. This is the first report, to our knowledge, to discuss prosthetic issues specifically related to skydiving. While amputees are to be encouraged to participate in this extreme sport, special modifications to everyday components may be necessary to reduce the possibility of prosthesis failure during freefall, parachute deployment, and landing.

  6. Tanzania national survey on iodine deficiency: impact after twelve years of salt iodation.

    PubMed

    Assey, Vincent D; Peterson, Stefan; Kimboka, Sabas; Ngemera, Daniel; Mgoba, Celestin; Ruhiye, Deusdedit M; Ndossi, Godwin D; Greiner, Ted; Tylleskär, Thorkild

    2009-09-03

    In many low-income countries, children are at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders, including brain damage. In the early 1990s, Tanzania, a country that previously suffered from moderate to severe iodine deficiency, adopted universal salt iodation (USI) as an intervention strategy, but its impact remained unknown. We report on the first national survey in mainland Tanzania, conducted in 2004 to assess the extent to which iodated salt was used and its apparent impact on the total goitre prevalence (TGP) and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) among the schoolchildren after USI was initiated. In 2004, a cross-sectional goitre survey was conducted; covering 140,758 schoolchildren aged 6 - 18 years were graded for goitre according to new WHO goitre classification system. Comparisons were made with district surveys conducted throughout most of the country during the 1980s and 90s. 131,941 salt samples from households were tested for iodine using rapid field test kits. UIC was determined spectrophotometrically using the ammonium persulfate digestion method in 4523 sub-sampled children. 83.6% (95% CI: 83.4 - 83.8) of salt samples tested positive for iodine. Whereas the TGP was about 25% on average in the earlier surveys, it was 6.9% (95%CI: 6.8-7.0) in 2004. The TGP for the younger children, 6-9 years old, was 4.2% (95%CI: 4.0-4.4), n = 41,965. In the 27 goitre-endemic districts, TGP decreased from 61% (1980s) to 12.3% (2004). The median UIC was 204 (95% CF: 192-215) microg/L. Only 25% of children had UIC <100 microg/L and 35% were > or = 300 microg/L, indicating low and excess iodine intake, respectively. Our study demonstrates a marked improvement in iodine nutrition in Tanzania, twelve years after the initiation of salt iodation programme. The challenge in sustaining IDD elimination in Tanzania is now two-fold: to better reach the areas with low coverage of iodated salt, and to reduce iodine intake in areas where it is excessive. Particular attention is needed in improving quality control at production level and perhaps the national salt iodation regulations may need to be reviewed.

  7. Associations of maternal iodine status and thyroid function with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Henan Province of China.

    PubMed

    Yang, Jin; Liu, Yang; Liu, Hongjie; Zheng, Heming; Li, Xiaofeng; Zhu, Lin; Wang, Zhe

    2018-05-01

    The study aimed to explore the effects of maternal iodine status and thyroid diseases on adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective study was conducted on 2347 pregnant women, who provided 2347 urinary samples tested for iodine, 1082 serum samples tested for thyroid function, and 2347 questionnaires about demographic information. Their pregnancy outcomes were recorded and compared between different urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid function groups. Pregnant women with UIC between 150 and 249 μg/L had lower incidences of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01-0.87), placenta previa (adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.69) and fetal distress (adjusted OR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.64) than the reference group (UIC < 50 μg/L). Women with UIC between 100 and 149 μg/L had lower risks of abnormal amniotic fluid (adjusted OR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.87) and fetal distress (adjusted OR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.82). Women with UIC above 249 μg/L had a significant higher rate of abnormal amniotic fluid (adjusted OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.89). Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy increased the risk of preterm delivery by 4.4 times (P = 0.009) and 3.0 times (P =  0.014), respectively. Isolated hypothyroxinemia had increased odds of having macrosomia (adjusted OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.13-4.85). Clinical hyperthyroidism was significantly associated with miscarriage (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.92-96.67) and fetal distress (adjusted OR 9.53, 95% CI: 1.05--81.81). Subclinical hyperthyroidism had a significant association with umbilical cord entanglement (adjusted OR 3.82, 95% CI: 1.38-10.58). Isolated hyperthyroxinemia was associated with preterm delivery (adjusted OR 4.73, 95% CI: 1.49-15.05). Maternal iodine status and thyroid diseases during pregnancy were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  8. Public University Responses to Academic Dishonesty: Disciplinary or Academic.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roberts, Robert N.

    1986-01-01

    Reviews court decisions in cases involving suspension or dismissal of public university students for academic dishonesty. The courts have required universities defending such suits to meet the procedural and due process standards for nonacademic disciplinary proceedings. Discusses the constitutional due process problems raised by the suspension or…

  9. 36 CFR 28.21 - Suspension of condemnation authority in the communities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension of condemnation authority in the communities. 28.21 Section 28.21 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FIRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE: ZONING STANDARDS Federal Review and Condemnation...

  10. 7 CFR 58.124 - Denial or suspension of plant approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Denial or suspension of plant approval. 58.124 Section... (CONTINUED) GRADING AND INSPECTION, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR APPROVED PLANTS AND STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS 1 General Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA Inspection and Grading...

  11. 12 CFR 308.109 - Suspension and disbarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....109 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Rules of Practice Before the FDIC and Standards of Conduct § 308.109 Suspension and... privilege of any counsel to appear or practice before the FDIC if, after notice of and opportunity for...

  12. 36 CFR 28.21 - Suspension of condemnation authority in the communities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suspension of condemnation authority in the communities. 28.21 Section 28.21 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FIRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE: ZONING STANDARDS Federal Review and Condemnation...

  13. 40 CFR 124.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 271.2 (RCRA), the definitions below apply to this part, except for PSD permits which are governed by... Administrator delegates authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in RCRA, PSD, UIC...

  14. 40 CFR 124.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 271.2 (RCRA), the definitions below apply to this part, except for PSD permits which are governed by... Administrator delegates authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in RCRA, PSD, UIC...

  15. 40 CFR 124.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 271.2 (RCRA), the definitions below apply to this part, except for PSD permits which are governed by... Administrator delegates authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in RCRA, PSD, UIC...

  16. 40 CFR 124.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 271.2 (RCRA), the definitions below apply to this part, except for PSD permits which are governed by... Administrator delegates authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in RCRA, PSD, UIC...

  17. 40 CFR 124.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 271.2 (RCRA), the definitions below apply to this part, except for PSD permits which are governed by... Administrator delegates authority to the Environmental Appeals Board to issue final decisions in RCRA, PSD, UIC...

  18. Vaginal Vault Suspension at Hysterectomy for Prolapse – Myths and Facts, Anatomical Requirements, Fixation Techniques, Documentation and Cost Accounting

    PubMed Central

    Graefe, F.; Marschke, J.; Dimpfl, T.; Tunn, R.

    2012-01-01

    Vaginal vault suspension during hysterectomy for prolapse is both a therapy for apical insufficiency and helps prevent recurrence. Numerous techniques exist, with different anatomical results and differing complications. The description of the different approaches together with a description of the vaginal vault suspension technique used at the Department for Urogynaecology at St. Hedwig Hospital could serve as a basis for reassessment and for recommendations by scientific associations regarding general standards. PMID:25278621

  19. Public Notice: KYV0070

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 intends to issue one Class 5 UIC permit to the Warrior Coal, LLC. This permit would cover six (6) mine-backfill injection wells located in Hopkins County, Kentucky.

  20. Simon of Bolivar, Inc

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Simon of Bolivar, Inc. (“Simon”) has applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act for a major modification of its Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit.

  1. Evaluation of iodine nutritional status in Tehran, Iran: iodine deficiency within iodine sufficiency.

    PubMed

    Nazeri, Pantea; Mirmiran, Parvin; Mehrabi, Yadollah; Hedayati, Mehdi; Delshad, Hossein; Azizi, Fereidoun

    2010-12-01

    Production of iodized salt in Iran for household consumption began in 1990. Previous studies have reported sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the iodine nutritional status in Tehran in 2009. In this cross-sectional study, 383 Tehranian households were enrolled through randomized cluster sampling and a total of 639 adult subjects (242 men and 397 women), aged 19 and over, participated. A 24-hour urine sample was collected for measurement of urinary iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations using the digestion method, flame photometry, and autoanalyzer assay, respectively. Salt intake was estimated and iodine content of household salt was measured by titration. Median (interquartile range) iodine content of household salt and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in Tehran were 21.2 (3.2-31.7) parts per million and 70.0 (34.0-131.2) μg/L, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in 24-hour UICs between men and women. Median (interquartile range) daily salt intake was 7.6 (5.5-9.8) g, which was not different in the two genders. According to the WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF classification, 11.2%, 25.9%, 26.7%, 25.1%, 8.0%, and 3.2% of participants had UIC <20, 20-49, 50-99, 100-199, 200-299, and >300 μg/L, respectively. Mild iodine deficiency has recurred in Tehranians. The results emphasize the need for continuous monitoring in all regions, even in a country with iodine sufficiency.

  2. Haemoglobinuria is associated with chronic kidney disease and its progression in patients with sickle cell anaemia

    PubMed Central

    Saraf, Santosh L.; Zhang, Xu; Kanias, Tamir; Lash, James P.; Molokie, Robert E.; Oza, Bharvi; Lai, Catherine; Rowe, Julie H.; Gowhari, Michel; Hassan, Johara; DeSimone, Joseph; Machado, Roberto F.; Gladwin, Mark T.; Little, Jane A.; Gordeuk, Victor R.

    2014-01-01

    Summary To evaluate the association between haemoglobinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in sickle cell anaemia (SCA), we analysed 356 adult haemoglobin SS or Sβ° thalassaemia patients from the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and 439 from the multi-centre Walk-Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Sickle Cell Disease with Sildenafil Therapy (PHaSST) cohort. CKD was classified according to National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives guidelines. Haemoglobinuria, defined as positive haem on urine dipstick with absent red blood cells on microscopy, was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a subset of patients. The prevalence of CKD was 58% in the UIC cohort and 54% in the Walk-PHaSST cohort, and haemoglobinuria was observed in 36% and 20% of the patients, respectively. Pathway analysis in both cohorts indicated an independent association of lactate dehydrogenase with haemoglobinuria and, in turn, independent associations of haemoglobinuria and age with CKD (P<0.0001). After a median of 32 months of follow-up in the UIC cohort, haemoglobinuria was associated with progression of CKD (halving of estimated glomerular filtration rate or requirement for dialysis; Hazard ratio [HR] 13.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-113.2, P=0.0012) and increasing albuminuria (HR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3-7.7; logrank P=0.0035). In conclusion haemoglobinuria is common in SCA and is associated with CKD, consistent with a role for intravascular haemolysis in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction in SCA. PMID:24329963

  3. Status of Iodine Nutrition among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of a Secondary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study from Northern India.

    PubMed

    Kant, Shashi; Haldar, Partha; Lohiya, Ayush; Yadav, Kapil; Pandav, Chandrakant S

    2017-01-01

    Daily requirement of iodine increases during pregnancy making pregnant women a high-risk group for iodine deficiency disorders. The limited available literature shows that even in iodine sufficient population, pregnant women are iodine deficient. The objective of this study is to assess the current iodine nutrition status among pregnant women in Ballabgarh, district Faridabad, Haryana. Pregnant women were recruited from antenatal clinic (ANC) of subdistrict hospital (SDH), Ballabgarh, Haryana. Consecutive sampling strategy was followed to recruit pregnant women, and women of all trimesters were included in the study. Urinary iodine estimation was done using simple microplate method, and salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. The study was approved by Institute Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Out of the total 1031 pregnant women, 90.9% were using adequately iodized salt. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) salt consumption by the pregnant women was 8.3 (6.7, 11.1) g/day. Median (IQR) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for the pregnant women was 260 (199, 323) μg/L. Only 13.5% of pregnant women had insufficient iodine intake (UIC <150 μg/L). There was no significant difference in median UIC values by household salt iodine content and across three trimesters of pregnancy. Iodine nutrition status of the pregnant women attending ANC clinic of SDH Ballabgarh was adequate with attainment of universal salt iodization goal of >90% adequately iodized salt coverage in the study population.

  4. The Use and Interpretation of Sodium Concentrations in Casual (Spot) Urine Collections for Population Surveillance and Partitioning of Dietary Iodine Intake Sources

    PubMed Central

    Conkle, Joel; van der Haar, Frits

    2016-01-01

    In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for joint surveillance of population salt and iodine intakes using urinary analysis. 24-h urine collection is considered the gold standard for salt intake assessment, but there is an emerging consensus that casual urine sampling can provide comparable information for population-level surveillance. Our review covers the use of the urinary sodium concentration (UNaC) and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) from casual urine samples to estimate salt intakes and to partition the sources of iodine intakes. We reviewed literature on 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UNaE) and UNaC and documented the use of UNaC for national salt intake monitoring. We combined information from our review of urinary sodium with evidence on urinary iodine to assess the appropriateness of partitioning methods currently being adapted for cross-sectional survey analyses. At least nine countries are using casual urine collection for surveillance of population salt intakes; all these countries used single samples. Time trend analyses indicate that single UNaC can be used for monitoring changes in mean salt intakes. However; single UNaC suffers the same limitation as single UNaE; i.e., an estimate of the proportion excess salt intake can be biased due to high individual variability. There is evidence, albeit limited, that repeat UNaC sampling has good agreement at the population level with repeat UNaE collections; thus permitting an unbiased estimate of the proportion of excess salt intake. High variability of UIC and UNaC in single urine samples may also bias the estimates of dietary iodine intake sources. Our review concludes that repeated collection, in a sub-sample of individuals, of casual UNaC data would provide an immediate practical approach for routine monitoring of salt intake, because it overcomes the bias in estimates of excess salt intake. Thus we recommend more survey research to expand the evidence-base on predicted-UNaE from repeat casual UNaC sampling. We also conclude that the methodology for partitioning the sources of iodine intake based on the combination of UIC and UNaC measurements in casual urine samples can be improved by repeat collections of casual data; which helps to reduce regression dilution bias. We recommend more survey research to determine the effect of regression dilution bias and circadian rhythms on the partitioning of dietary iodine intake sources. PMID:28025546

  5. V-TECS Guide for Auto Mechanics: Suspension Systems, Brakes and Steering.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moore, Charles G.; And Others

    The materials in this document are an extension of a catalog of occupational duties, tasks, and performance objectives relevant to maintaining automotive suspension systems, brakes, and steering mechanisms. This document provides the following for each occupational task within each duty: (1) a standard of performance; (2) the conditions under…

  6. 36 CFR 28.23 - Certificates of suspension of authority for acquisition by condemnation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Certificates of suspension of authority for acquisition by condemnation. 28.23 Section 28.23 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FIRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE: ZONING STANDARDS Federal Review...

  7. Metra operations management development program : 2010 - 2015.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-11-04

    On behalf of the Urban Transportation Center, the University of Illinois (UIC) Great Cities Institute (GCI) provided curriculum development and training services to Metra for a workforce education program targeted to new and experienced managers. Met...

  8. 7 CFR 33.15 - Suspension of inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER... it is to remain in effect, and during this period no inspector employed or licensed by the Secretary...

  9. 7 CFR 35.16 - Suspension of inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER... been guilty. Such order will state the inclusive dates during which it is to remain in effect, and...

  10. Public Notice 2017-13: Simon of Bolivar

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Simon of Bolivar, Inc. (“Simon”) has applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act for a major modification of its Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit.

  11. County of Hawaii Department of Public Works: Consent Agreement and Final Order (2005)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Consent Agreement and Final Order for The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works, Hilo, Hawaii, including proposed order of compliance, closure of large capacity cesspools. Docket no. UIC-AO-2005-0013

  12. 75 FR 70918 - Meeting of the National Drinking Water Advisory Council-Notice of Public Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-19

    ... evaluating the report and determining what recommendations the Council will transmit to the Administrator..., the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, and revisions to the 1989 Total Coliform Rule (RTCR...

  13. d-Tagatose production by permeabilized and immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum using whey permeate.

    PubMed

    Jayamuthunagai, J; Srisowmeya, G; Chakravarthy, M; Gautam, P

    2017-07-01

    The aim of the work is to produce d-Tagatose by direct addition of alginate immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum cells to lactose hydrolysed whey permeate. The cells were untreated and immobilized (UIC), permeabilized and immobilized (PIC) and the relative activities were compared with purified l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) for d-galactose isomerization. Successive lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and d-galactose isomerization using l-AI from Lactobacillus plantarum was performed to investigate the in vivo production of d-tagatose in whey permeate. In whey permeate, maximum conversion of 38% and 33% (w/w) d-galactose isomerization by PIC and UIC has been obtained. 162mg/g and 141mg/g of d-tagatose production was recorded in a 48h reaction time at 50°C, pH 7.0 with 5mM Mn 2+ ion concentration in the initial substrate mixture. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Status of Iodine Nutrition among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of a Secondary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study from Northern India

    PubMed Central

    Kant, Shashi; Haldar, Partha; Lohiya, Ayush; Yadav, Kapil; Pandav, Chandrakant S.

    2017-01-01

    Background: Daily requirement of iodine increases during pregnancy making pregnant women a high-risk group for iodine deficiency disorders. The limited available literature shows that even in iodine sufficient population, pregnant women are iodine deficient. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the current iodine nutrition status among pregnant women in Ballabgarh, district Faridabad, Haryana. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were recruited from antenatal clinic (ANC) of subdistrict hospital (SDH), Ballabgarh, Haryana. Consecutive sampling strategy was followed to recruit pregnant women, and women of all trimesters were included in the study. Urinary iodine estimation was done using simple microplate method, and salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. The study was approved by Institute Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Results: Out of the total 1031 pregnant women, 90.9% were using adequately iodized salt. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) salt consumption by the pregnant women was 8.3 (6.7, 11.1) g/day. Median (IQR) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for the pregnant women was 260 (199, 323) μg/L. Only 13.5% of pregnant women had insufficient iodine intake (UIC <150 μg/L). There was no significant difference in median UIC values by household salt iodine content and across three trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion: Iodine nutrition status of the pregnant women attending ANC clinic of SDH Ballabgarh was adequate with attainment of universal salt iodization goal of >90% adequately iodized salt coverage in the study population. PMID:29184324

  15. Iodine nutrition status and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional study from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China.

    PubMed

    Guo, Y; Zynat, J; Xu, Z; Wang, X; Osiman, R; Zhao, H; Tuhuti, A; Abdunaimu, M; Wang, H; Jin, X; Xing, S

    2016-11-01

    Iodine nutritional status and its influence on thyroid function have been thoroughly investigated in many places in China, but little is known about Xinjiang province, where multiple minorities are living in a special geographical location and have different lifestyles compared with people from other parts of China. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine status and thyroid disorders in two major ethnic groups living in the Xinjiang region of China. A total of 2253 residents over the age of 18 years who had lived in Xinjiang for more than 3 years were enrolled. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroid hormone concentrations and thyroid autoantibodies were measured, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. The median UIC was 130.7 μg/l in adults. Among the subjects, those with deficient UIC levels were 34.4%. The prevalence of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism in the iodine-deficient group was higher than in the iodine-sufficient group (1.3% vs 0%, χ 2 =3.891, P=0.049; 4.8% vs 2.8%, χ 2 =8.715, P=0.003, respectively), and subclinical hypothyroidism was more frequent in the iodine-deficient group than in the iodine-excess group (19.6% vs 12.5%, χ 2 =4.529, P=0.033). One-third of the population is still iodine deficient in Xinjiang. Uyghur females are more susceptible to hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmune diseases. Thyroid disorders, especially hyper/hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, are more likely to be prevalent in an iodine-deficient population.

  16. Iodine intake in Somalia is excessive and associated with the source of household drinking water.

    PubMed

    Kassim, Ismail A R; Moloney, Grainne; Busili, Ahono; Nur, Abukar Yusuf; Paron, Paolo; Jooste, Pieter; Gadain, Hussein; Seal, Andrew J

    2014-03-01

    Few data on iodine status in Somalia are available, but it is assumed that deficiency is a public health problem due to the limited access to iodized salt. We aimed to describe the iodine status of the population of Somalia and to investigate possible determinants of iodine status. A national 2-stage, stratified household cluster survey was conducted in 2009 in the Northwest, Northeast, and South Central Zones of Somalia. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined in samples from women (aged 15-45 y) and children (aged 6-11 y), and examination for visible goiter was performed in the Northwest and South Central strata. A 24-h household food-frequency questionnaire was conducted, and salt samples were tested for iodization. The median UICs for nonpregnant women and children were 329 and 416 μg/L, respectively, indicating excessive iodine intake (>300 μg/L). The prevalence of visible goiter was <4%. The coverage of salt iodization was low, with a national average of 7.7% (95% CI: 3.2%, 17.4%). Spatial analysis revealed localized areas of relatively high and low iodine status. Variations could not be explained by food consumption or salt iodization but were associated with the main source of household drinking water, with consumers of borehole water having a higher UIC (569 vs. 385 μg/L; P < 0.001). Iodine intake in Somalia is among the highest in the world and excessive according to WHO criteria. Further work is required to investigate the geochemistry and safety of groundwater sources in Somalia and the impact on human nutrition and health.

  17. Organic Carbon as Inhibitor to SVOC and Metal Migration

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorizes the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to protect underground drinking water (USDW) sources from contamination caused by underground injection wells, including regulation of stormwater drainage drywells for parking lot and ro...

  18. Tanzania national survey on iodine deficiency: impact after twelve years of salt iodation

    PubMed Central

    Assey, Vincent D; Peterson, Stefan; Kimboka, Sabas; Ngemera, Daniel; Mgoba, Celestin; Ruhiye, Deusdedit M; Ndossi, Godwin D; Greiner, Ted; Tylleskär, Thorkild

    2009-01-01

    Background In many low-income countries, children are at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders, including brain damage. In the early 1990s, Tanzania, a country that previously suffered from moderate to severe iodine deficiency, adopted universal salt iodation (USI) as an intervention strategy, but its impact remained unknown. Methods We report on the first national survey in mainland Tanzania, conducted in 2004 to assess the extent to which iodated salt was used and its apparent impact on the total goitre prevalence (TGP) and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) among the schoolchildren after USI was initiated. In 2004, a cross-sectional goitre survey was conducted; covering 140,758 schoolchildren aged 6 - 18 years were graded for goitre according to new WHO goitre classification system. Comparisons were made with district surveys conducted throughout most of the country during the 1980s and 90s. 131,941 salt samples from households were tested for iodine using rapid field test kits. UIC was determined spectrophotometrically using the ammonium persulfate digestion method in 4523 sub-sampled children. Results 83.6% (95% CI: 83.4 - 83.8) of salt samples tested positive for iodine. Whereas the TGP was about 25% on average in the earlier surveys, it was 6.9% (95%CI: 6.8-7.0) in 2004. The TGP for the younger children, 6-9 years old, was 4.2% (95%CI: 4.0-4.4), n = 41,965. In the 27 goitre-endemic districts, TGP decreased from 61% (1980s) to 12.3% (2004). The median UIC was 204 (95% CF: 192-215) μg/L. Only 25% of children had UIC <100 μg/L and 35% were ≥ 300 μg/L, indicating low and excess iodine intake, respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a marked improvement in iodine nutrition in Tanzania, twelve years after the initiation of salt iodation programme. The challenge in sustaining IDD elimination in Tanzania is now two-fold: to better reach the areas with low coverage of iodated salt, and to reduce iodine intake in areas where it is excessive. Particular attention is needed in improving quality control at production level and perhaps the national salt iodation regulations may need to be reviewed. PMID:19728863

  19. Simultaneous Concentration and Velocity Maps in Particle Suspensions under Shear from Rheo-Ultrasonic Imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saint-Michel, Brice; Bodiguel, Hugues; Meeker, Steven; Manneville, Sébastien

    2017-07-01

    We extend a previously developed ultrafast ultrasonic technique [T. Gallot et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 045107 (2013), 10.1063/1.4801462] to concentration-field measurements in non-Brownian particle suspensions under shear. The technique provides access to time-resolved concentration maps within the gap of a Taylor-Couette cell simultaneously to local velocity measurements and standard rheological characterization. Benchmark experiments in homogeneous particle suspensions are used to calibrate the system. We then image heterogeneous concentration fields that result from centrifugation effects, from the classical Taylor-Couette instability, and from sedimentation or shear-induced resuspension.

  20. Consent Agreement and Final Order: U.S. Army, Hawaii, Kilauea Military Camp and Pohakuloa Training Area

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Consent Agreement and (Proposed) Final Order containing Stipulations and Findings, and Settlement Terms relating to U.S. Army, Hawaii, Kilauea Military Camp and Pohakuloa Training Area Docket No. UIC-09-2016-0001.

  1. 40 CFR 144.79 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... subpart and elsewhere in this part are to protect underground sources of drinking water and are part of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program established under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND...

  2. 40 CFR 144.79 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... subpart and elsewhere in this part are to protect underground sources of drinking water and are part of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program established under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) UNDERGROUND...

  3. 40 CFR 124.10 - Public notice of permit actions and public comment period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... issued or is required to issue a RCRA, UIC, PSD (or other permit under the Clean Air Act), NPDES, 404... which may affect aircraft operations or for purposes associated with seaplane operations; (vii) For PSD...

  4. 40 CFR 124.10 - Public notice of permit actions and public comment period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... other agency which the Director knows has issued or is required to issue a RCRA, UIC, PSD (or other... operations; (vii) For PSD permits only, affected State and local air pollution control agencies, the chief...

  5. 40 CFR 124.10 - Public notice of permit actions and public comment period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... other agency which the Director knows has issued or is required to issue a RCRA, UIC, PSD (or other... operations; (vii) For PSD permits only, affected State and local air pollution control agencies, the chief...

  6. 40 CFR 124.10 - Public notice of permit actions and public comment period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... other agency which the Director knows has issued or is required to issue a RCRA, UIC, PSD (or other... operations; (vii) For PSD permits only, affected State and local air pollution control agencies, the chief...

  7. Analytical modelling of rail defects and its applications to rail defect management

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-01-01

    This report is the third in a three-part series describing the technical contributions of the Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to the UIC/WEC (International Union of Railways/World Executive Council...

  8. Minimally invasive brow suspension for facial paralysis.

    PubMed

    Costantino, Peter D; Hiltzik, David H; Moche, Jason; Preminger, Aviva

    2003-01-01

    To report a new technique for unilateral brow suspension for facial paralysis that is minimally invasive, limits supraciliary scar formation, does not require specialized endoscopic equipment or expertise, and has proved to be equal to direct brow suspension in durability and symmetry. Retrospective survey of a case series of 23 patients between January 1997 and December 2000. Metropolitan tertiary care center. Patients with head and neck tumors and brow ptosis caused by facial nerve paralysis. The results of the procedure were determined using the following 3-tier rating system: outstanding (excellent elevation and symmetry); acceptable (good elevation and fair symmetry); and unacceptable (loss of elevation). The results were considered outstanding in 12 patients, acceptable in 9 patients, and unacceptable in only 1 patient. One patient developed a hematoma, and 1 patient required a secondary adjustment. The technique has proved to be superior to standard brow suspension procedures with regard to scar formation and equal with respect to facial symmetry and suspension. These results have caused us to abandon direct brow suspension and to use this minimally invasive method in all cases of brow ptosis due to facial paralysis.

  9. 9 CFR 500.4 - Withholding action or suspension with prior notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures have not been properly implemented or maintained as specified in... performance standard requirements prescribed in § 310.25(b) or § 381.94(b) of this chapter. ...

  10. 9 CFR 500.4 - Withholding action or suspension with prior notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures have not been properly implemented or maintained as specified in... performance standard requirements prescribed in § 310.25(b) or § 381.94(b) of this chapter. ...

  11. 9 CFR 500.4 - Withholding action or suspension with prior notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures have not been properly implemented or maintained as specified in... performance standard requirements prescribed in § 310.25(b) or § 381.94(b) of this chapter. ...

  12. In Vitro Evaluation of Eslicarbazepine Delivery via Enteral Feeding Tubes.

    PubMed

    Reindel, Kristin; Zhao, Fang; Hughes, Susan; Dave, Vivek S

    2017-12-01

    Purpose: The feasibility of preparing an eslicarbazepine acetate suspension using Aptiom tablets for administration via enteral feeding tubes was evaluated. Methods: Eslicarbazepine acetate suspension (40 mg/mL) was prepared using Aptiom tablets after optimizing the tablet crushing methods and the vehicle composition. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to monitor the eslicarbazepine stability in the prepared suspension. Three enteric feeding tubes of various composition and dimensions were evaluated for the delivery of the suspensions. The suspension was evaluated for the physical and chemical stability for 48 hours. Results: The reproducibility and consistency of particle size reduction was found to be best with standard mortar/pestle. The viscosity analysis and physical stability studies showed that ORA-Plus:water (50:50 v/v) was optimal for suspending ability and flowability of suspension through the tubes. The developed HPLC method was found to be stability indicating and suitable for the assay of eslicarbazepine acetate in the prepared suspension. The eslicarbazepine concentrations in separately prepared suspensions were within acceptable range (±3%), indicating accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure. The eslicarbazepine concentrations in suspensions before and after delivery through the enteric feeding tubes were within acceptable range (±4%), indicating absence of any physical/chemical interactions of eslicarbazepine with the tubes and a successful delivery of eslicarbazepine dosage via enteric feeding tubes. The stability study results showed that eslicarbazepine concentration in the suspension remained unchanged when stored at room temperature for 48 hours. Conclusion: The study presents a convenient procedure for the preparation of a stable suspension of eslicarbazepine acetate (40 mg/mL) using Aptiom tablets, for administration via enteral feeding tubes.

  13. DC electrophoresis and viscosity of realistic salt-free concentrated suspensions: non-equilibrium dissociation-association processes.

    PubMed

    Ruiz-Reina, Emilio; Carrique, Félix; Lechuga, Luis

    2014-03-01

    Most of the suspensions usually found in industrial applications are concentrated, aqueous and in contact with the atmospheric CO2. The case of suspensions with a high concentration of added salt is relatively well understood and has been considered in many studies. In this work we are concerned with the case of concentrated suspensions that have no ions different than: (1) those stemming from the charged colloidal particles (the added counterions, that counterbalance their surface charge); (2) the H(+) and OH(-) ions from water dissociation, and (3) the ions generated by the atmospheric CO2 contamination. We call this kind of systems "realistic salt-free suspensions". We show some theoretical results about the electrophoretic mobility of a colloidal particle and the electroviscous effect of realistic salt-free concentrated suspensions. The theoretical framework is based on a cell model that accounts for particle-particle interactions in concentrated suspensions, which has been successfully applied to many different phenomena in concentrated suspensions. On the other hand, the water dissociation and CO2 contamination can be described following two different levels of approximation: (a) by local equilibrium mass-action equations, because it is supposed that the reactions are so fast that chemical equilibrium is attained everywhere in the suspension, or (b) by non-equilibrium dissociation-association kinetic equations, because it is considered that some reactions are not rapid enough to ensure local chemical equilibrium. Both approaches give rise to different results in the range from dilute to semidilute suspensions, causing possible discrepancies when comparing standard theories and experiments concerning transport properties of realistic salt-free suspensions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Report on the international conference : environmentally sustainable transport : is rail on track?

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-10-22

    This conference "Is Rail on Track?" was organised by the OECD Environment Directorate and the International Union of Railways (UIC) and hosted by the Swedish National Railway Administration, Banverket (BV). It sought to address barriers to the implem...

  15. Correlations between rail defect growth data and engineering analyses, part 1 : laboratory tests

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-05-01

    This report is the first in a three-part series describing the technical contributions of the Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to the UIC/WEC (International Union of Railways/World Executive Council...

  16. Correlations between rail defect growth data and engineering analyses, Part I : laboratory tests

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-05-31

    This report is the first in a three-part series describing the technical contributions of the : Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe National Transportation Systems : Center (Volpe Center) to the UIC/WEC (International Union of Railway...

  17. 77 FR 38608 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-28

    ..., professional qualifications and skills, training courses completed, certifications received, level of education... Activity Unit Identification Code (UIC).'' Safeguards: Delete entry and replace with ``The NTMPS servers.... All data transferred is encrypted. The interface server is protected from attempts to penetrate the...

  18. 40 CFR 124.5 - Modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... §§ 123.25 (NPDES), 145.11 (UIC), 233.26 (404), and 271.14 (RCRA).) Permits (other than PSD permits) may... requirements of § 124.3. (g)(1) (Reserved for PSD Modification Provisions). (2) PSD permits may be terminated...

  19. 40 CFR 124.5 - Modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... §§ 123.25 (NPDES), 145.11 (UIC), 233.26 (404), and 271.14 (RCRA).) Permits (other than PSD permits) may... requirements of § 124.3. (g)(1) (Reserved for PSD Modification Provisions). (2) PSD permits may be terminated...

  20. 40 CFR 124.5 - Modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... §§ 123.25 (NPDES), 145.11 (UIC), 233.26 (404), and 271.14 (RCRA).) Permits (other than PSD permits) may... requirements of § 124.3. (g)(1) (Reserved for PSD Modification Provisions). (2) PSD permits may be terminated...

  1. 40 CFR 124.5 - Modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... §§ 123.25 (NPDES), 145.11 (UIC), 233.26 (404), and 271.14 (RCRA).) Permits (other than PSD permits) may... requirements of § 124.3. (g)(1) (Reserved for PSD Modification Provisions). (2) PSD permits may be terminated...

  2. 40 CFR 124.5 - Modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination of permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... §§ 123.25 (NPDES), 145.11 (UIC), 233.26 (404), and 271.14 (RCRA).) Permits (other than PSD permits) may... requirements of § 124.3. (g)(1) (Reserved for PSD Modification Provisions). (2) PSD permits may be terminated...

  3. Correlations between rail defect growth data and engineering analyses, part 2 : field tests

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-01-01

    This report is the second in a three-part series describing the technical contributions of the Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to the UIC/WEC (International Union of Railways/World Executive Counci...

  4. 40 CFR 145.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 145.2 Section 145.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General Program Requirements § 145.2 Definitions. The definitions of part 144 apply...

  5. 40 CFR 145.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 145.2 Section 145.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General Program Requirements § 145.2 Definitions. The definitions of part 144 apply...

  6. Active control of an innovative seat suspension system with acceleration measurement based friction estimation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ning, Donghong; Sun, Shuaishuai; Li, Hongyi; Du, Haiping; Li, Weihua

    2016-12-01

    In this paper, an innovative active seat suspension system for vehicles is presented. This seat suspension prototype is built with two low cost actuators each of which has one rotary motor and one gear reducer. A H∞ controller with friction compensation is designed for the seat suspension control system where the friction is estimated and compensated based on the measurement of seat acceleration. This principal aim of this research was to control the low frequency vibration transferred or amplified by the vehicle (chassis) suspension, and to maintain the passivity of the seat suspension at high frequency (isolation vibration) while taking into consideration the trade-off between the active seat suspension cost and its high frequency performance. Sinusoidal excitations of 1-4.5 Hz were applied to test the active seat suspension both when controlled and when uncontrolled and this is compared with a well-tuned passive heavy duty vehicle seat suspension. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm within the tested frequencies. Further tests were conducted using the excitations generated from a quarter-car model under bump and random road profiles. The bump road tests indicate the controlled active seat suspension has good transient response performance. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) method and ISO 2631-1 standards were applied to analyse the seat suspension's acceleration under random road conditions. Although some low magnitude and high frequency noise will inevitably be introduced by the active system, the weighted-frequency Root Mean Square (RMS) acceleration shows that this may not have a large effect on ride comfort. In fact, the ride comfort is improved from being an 'a little uncomfortable' to a 'not uncomfortable' level when compared with the well-tuned passive seat suspension. This low cost active seat suspension design and the proposed controller with the easily measured feedback signals are very practical for real applications.

  7. Iodine Status in Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers, and Newborns in an Area with More Than Two Decades of Successful Iodine Nutrition.

    PubMed

    Nazeri, Pantea; Zarghani, Najmeh Hamzavi; Mirmiran, Parvin; Hedayati, Mehdi; Mehrabi, Yadollah; Azizi, Fereidoun

    2016-07-01

    Pregnant women, lactating mothers, and their newborns constitute the target population for prevention and control of iodine deficiency. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the iodine nutrition status among these vulnerable groups in an area with more than two decades of successful elimination of iodine deficiency. In this cross-sectional study conducted in health care centers of Tehran, 100 pregnant women and 84 lactating mothers and their newborn were randomly selected. Urinary iodine concentration and iodine content of salts were measured using the Sandell-Kolthoff and titration methods, respectively. Urinary iodine concentration <150 μg/L for pregnant women and <100 μg/L for lactating mothers and newborns was considered as iodine nutrition inadequacy, respectively. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 103 (59-155) μg/L in pregnant women, 77 (42-194) μg/L in lactating mothers, and 198 (84-260) μg/L in newborns. Median (IQR) iodine content of salt was 26 (21-30) ppm and 25 (18-28) ppm in pregnant women and lactating mothers, respectively (P = 0.462). Iodine content of salt was significantly correlated with UIC of pregnant women (r = 0.24, P = 0.019), but no correlation was found among lactating mothers (r = 0.12, P = 0.316). Neonatal UIC was significantly correlated with iodine content of salt consumed by their mothers (r = 0.49, P = 0.001). Despite suboptimal iodine status among subgroups of Tehranian pregnant and lactating women, iodine nutrition status of newborns was within optimal levels, which may be explained by a compensatory mechanism in the mammary glands.

  8. Shape preferred orientation of iron grains compatible with Earth's uppermost inner core hemisphericity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Calvet, Marie; Margerin, Ludovic

    2018-01-01

    Constraining the possible patterns of iron fabrics in the Earth's Uppermost Inner Core (UIC) is key to unravel the mechanisms controlling its growth and dynamics. In the framework of crystalline micro-structures composed of ellipsoidal, aligned grains, we discuss possible textural models of UIC compatible with observations of P-wave attenuation and velocity dispersion. Using recent results from multiple scattering theory in textured heterogeneous materials, we compute the P-wave phase velocity and scattering attenuation as a function of grain volume, shape, and orientation wrt to the propagation direction of seismic P-waves. Assuming no variations of the grain volume between the Eastern and Western hemisphere, we show that two families of texture are compatible with the degree-one structure of the inner core as revealed by the positive correlation between seismic velocity and attenuation. (1) Strong flattening of grains parallel to the Inner Core Boundary in the Western hemisphere and weak anisometry in the Eastern hemisphere. (2) Strong radial elongation of grains in the Western hemisphere and again weak anisometry in the Eastern hemisphere. Both textures can quantitatively explain the seismic data in a limited range of grain volumes. Furthermore, the velocity and attenuation anisotropy locally observed under Africa demands that the grains be locally elongated in the direction of Earth's meridians. Our study demonstrates that the hemispherical seismic structure of UIC can be entirely explained by changes in the shape and orientation of grains, thereby offering an alternative to changes in grain volumes. In the future, our theoretical toolbox could be used to systematically test the compatibility of textures predicted by geodynamical models with seismic observations.

  9. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy: Still a health issue for the women of Cassino city, Italy.

    PubMed

    Tuccilli, Chiara; Baldini, Enke; Truppa, Elia; D'Auria, Bruno; De Quattro, Domenico; Cacciola, Giovanni; Aceti, Tommaso; Cirillo, Giovanni; Faiola, Antonio; Indigeno, Patrizia; D'Aliesio, Lorella; Gazzellone, Fiorella; Bononi, Marco; D'Armiento, Eleonora; Carbotta, Giovanni; Pironi, Daniele; Catania, Antonio; Sorrenti, Salvatore; Ulisse, Salvatore

    2018-06-01

    The World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders recommend a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women between 150 µg/L and 249 µg/L. In the present study, we evaluated whether in the urban area of Cassino (central Italy), after a national salt iodination program (30 mg/kg) was introduced in 2005, the increased demand of iodine during pregnancy was satisfied. Between January 2016 and April 2017, 99 pregnant women were enrolled to evaluate UIC in spot urine samples, serum level of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, antithyroglobulin and antithyroperoxidase autoantibodies, and thyroid volume by ultrasonography. Eighty clinically healthy non-pregnant women were evaluated as controls. The median UIC was of 97.7 µg/L and 110.3 µg/L, respectively, in control and pregnant women. A significant increase (P < 0.001) of median thyroid volume was found in pregnant women, relative to control women, being, respectively, 10.4 mL (range 3.68-19.49 mL) and 7.16 mL (range 2.57-14.00 mL). A positive correlation was found between thyroid volume and anthropometric parameters, and an inverse correlation was identified between free thyroxine serum levels and anthropometric parameters. This observational study found that the majority of pregnant women and their fetuses appear not to be protected from the detrimental consequences of iodine deficiency. Therefore, the identification of new strategies to increase the knowledge and awareness of the general population regarding the beneficial effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy is highly required. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Iodine nutrition status and prevalence of abnormal TSH levels in schoolchildren aged 6-7 years in the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

    PubMed

    Arrizabalaga, Juan José; Jalón, Mercedes; Espada, Mercedes; Cañas, Mercedes; Arena, José María; Vila, Lluís

    2018-05-01

    An epidemiological study conducted between 1988 and 1992 showed iodine deficiency and endemic goiter in the schoolchildren of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. 1) To ascertain the iodine nutrition status of schoolchildren aged 6-7 years, and 2) to estimate the prevalence of abnormal TSH levels in capillary blood. The study was conducted on 497 schoolchildren selected by random sampling. Median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) was used to assess iodine nutritional status, and the reference interval derived from the study population was used to estimate the prevalence of abnormal TSH levels. The mUIC (P 25 -P 75 ) was 140 (82-217) μg/L. A higher value was found in those who used iodized salt at home than in those who did not (146 [85-222] versus 126 μg/L [73-198], P<0.05). It was also higher in those who consumed 2 or more daily servings of milk and yogurt than in those taking less than 2 servings (146 [87-225] versus 110 μg/L [66-160], P<0.0001). Abnormal TSH levels were found in 2% of children. There was no correlation between TSH levels in capillary blood and urinary iodine concentrations (R=0.082; P=0.076). Schoolchildren aged 6-7 years of the autonomous community of the Basque Country have an adequate iodine nutrition status. Use of iodized salt at home and daily consumption of milk and yogurt were associated to the highest UICs. Copyright © 2018 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  11. Iodine status in late pregnancy and psychosocial determinants of iodized salt use in rural northern Viet Nam

    PubMed Central

    Tran, Thach; Biggs, Beverley; Tran, Tuan; Dwyer, Terry; Casey, Gerard; Tho, Dang Hai; Hetzel, Basil

    2011-01-01

    Abstract Objective To establish iodine status among pregnant women in rural northern Viet Nam and explore psychosocial predictors of the use of iodized salt in their households. Methods This prospective study included pregnant women registered in health stations in randomly-selected communes in Ha Nam province. At recruitment (< 20 weeks of gestation), sociodemographic factors, reproductive health, intimate partner relationship, family violence, symptoms of common mental disorders and use of micronutrient supplements were assessed. During a second assessment (> 28 weeks of gestation) a urine specimen was collected to measure urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and iodized salt use was assessed. Predictors were explored through univariable analyses and multivariable linear and logistic regression. Findings The 413 pregnant women who provided data for this study had a median UIC of 70 µg/l; nearly 83% had a UIC lower than the 150 µg/l recommended by the World Health Organization; only 73.6% reported using iodized salt in any form in their households. Iodized salt use was lower among nulliparous women (odds ratio, OR: 0.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.32–0.96); less educated women (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16–0.71); factory workers or small-scale traders (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31–0.86), government workers (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13–0.89) and women with common mental disorders at recruitment (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.98). Conclusion The decline in the use of iodized salt in Viet Nam since the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme was suspended in 2005 has placed pregnant women and their infants in rural areas at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. PMID:22084527

  12. Iodine Intake in Somalia Is Excessive and Associated with the Source of Household Drinking Water123

    PubMed Central

    Kassim, Ismail A. R.; Moloney, Grainne; Busili, Ahono; Nur, Abukar Yusuf; Paron, Paolo; Jooste, Pieter; Gadain, Hussein; Seal, Andrew J.

    2014-01-01

    Few data on iodine status in Somalia are available, but it is assumed that deficiency is a public health problem due to the limited access to iodized salt. We aimed to describe the iodine status of the population of Somalia and to investigate possible determinants of iodine status. A national 2-stage, stratified household cluster survey was conducted in 2009 in the Northwest, Northeast, and South Central Zones of Somalia. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined in samples from women (aged 15–45 y) and children (aged 6–11 y), and examination for visible goiter was performed in the Northwest and South Central strata. A 24-h household food-frequency questionnaire was conducted, and salt samples were tested for iodization. The median UICs for nonpregnant women and children were 329 and 416 μg/L, respectively, indicating excessive iodine intake (>300 μg/L). The prevalence of visible goiter was <4%. The coverage of salt iodization was low, with a national average of 7.7% (95% CI: 3.2%, 17.4%). Spatial analysis revealed localized areas of relatively high and low iodine status. Variations could not be explained by food consumption or salt iodization but were associated with the main source of household drinking water, with consumers of borehole water having a higher UIC (569 vs. 385 μg/L; P < 0.001). Iodine intake in Somalia is among the highest in the world and excessive according to WHO criteria. Further work is required to investigate the geochemistry and safety of groundwater sources in Somalia and the impact on human nutrition and health. PMID:24500936

  13. Antibacterial activity of gold nanorods against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes: misinterpretations and artifacts.

    PubMed

    Mahmoud, Nouf N; Alkilany, Alaaldin M; Khalil, Enam A; Al-Bakri, Amal G

    2017-01-01

    The antibacterial activity of gold nanorod (GNR) suspensions of different surface functionalities was investigated against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes , taking into consideration two commonly "overlooked" factors: the colloidal stability of GNR suspensions upon mixing with bacterial growth media and the possible contribution of "impurities/molecules" in GNR suspensions to the observed antibacterial activity. The results demonstrated that cationic polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH)-GNR were severely aggregated when exposed to bacterial growth media compared to other GNR suspensions. In addition, the free cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) present in GNR suspensions is most likely the origin of the observed antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial activity of GNR themselves could not be excluded. Probing these two critical control studies prevents misinterpretations and artifacts of the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles. Unfortunately, these practices are usually ignored in the published studies and may explain the significant conflicting results. In addition, this study indicates that GNR could be a promising candidate for the treatment of skin follicular diseases such as acne vulgaris.

  14. Comparison between different sets of suspension parameters and introduction of new modified skyhook control strategy incorporating varying road condition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abul Kashem, Saad Bin; Ektesabi, Mehran; Nagarajah, Romesh

    2012-07-01

    This study examines the uncertainties in modelling a quarter car suspension system caused by the effect of different sets of suspension parameters of a corresponding mathematical model. To overcome this problem, 11 sets of identified parameters of a suspension system have been compared, taken from the most recent published work. From this investigation, a set of parameters were chosen which showed a better performance than others in respect of peak amplitude and settling time. These chosen parameters were then used to investigate the performance of a new modified continuous skyhook control strategy with adaptive gain that dictates the vehicle's semi-active suspension system. The proposed system first captures the road profile input over a certain period. Then it calculates the best possible value of the skyhook gain (SG) for the subsequent process. Meanwhile the system is controlled according to the new modified skyhook control law using an initial or previous value of the SG. In this study, the proposed suspension system is compared with passive and other recently reported skyhook controlled semi-active suspension systems. Its performances have been evaluated in terms of ride comfort and road handling performance. The model has been validated in accordance with the international standards of admissible acceleration levels ISO2631 and human vibration perception.

  15. The effect of a multi-axis suspension on whole body vibration exposures and physical stress in the neck and low back in agricultural tractor applications.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jeong Ho; Dennerlein, Jack T; Johnson, Peter W

    2018-04-01

    Whole body vibration (WBV) exposures are often predominant in the fore-aft (x) or lateral (y) axis among off-road agricultural vehicles. However, as the current industry standard seats are designed to reduce mainly vertical (z) axis WBV exposures, they may be less effective in reducing drivers' exposure to multi-axial WBV. Therefore, this laboratory-based study aimed to determine the differences between a single-axial (vertical) and multi-axial (vertical + lateral) suspension seat in reducing WBV exposures, head acceleration, self-reported discomfort, and muscle activity (electromyography) of the major muscle of the low back, neck and shoulders. The results showed that the multi-axial suspension seat had significantly lower WBV exposures compared to the single-axial suspension seats (p' < 0.04). Similarly, the multi-axial suspension seat had lower head acceleration and muscle activity of the neck, shoulder, and low back compared to the single-axial suspension seat; some but not all of the differences were statistically significant. These results indicate that the multi-axial suspension seat may reduce the lateral WBV exposures and associated muscular loading in the neck and low back in agricultural vehicle operators. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. 40 CFR 147.1900 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Oregon § 147.1900 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of Oregon, except those on Indian lands, is administered by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, approved by...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1900 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Oregon § 147.1900 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of Oregon, except those on Indian lands, is administered by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, approved by...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1900 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Oregon § 147.1900 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of Oregon, except those on Indian lands, is administered by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, approved by...

  19. 40 CFR 147.1900 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Oregon § 147.1900 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of Oregon, except those on Indian lands, is administered by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, approved by...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  1. 40 CFR 147.2151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Tennessee § 147.2151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Tennessee, including all...

  2. 40 CFR 147.1151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Michigan, including all...

  3. 40 CFR 147.1151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Michigan, including all...

  4. 40 CFR 147.2801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands § 147.2801 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian...

  5. 40 CFR 147.1151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Michigan, including all...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1951 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1951... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Pennsylvania § 147.1951 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Pennsylvania, including...

  7. 40 CFR 147.2351 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2351... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virginia § 147.2351 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Virginia, including all...

  8. 40 CFR 147.2801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands § 147.2801 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian...

  9. 40 CFR 147.1151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Michigan, including all...

  10. 40 CFR 147.2351 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2351... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virginia § 147.2351 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Virginia, including all...

  11. 40 CFR 147.2701 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2701... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virgin Islands § 147.2701 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Virgin Islands, including all...

  12. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  13. 40 CFR 147.2351 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2351... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virginia § 147.2351 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Virginia, including all...

  14. 40 CFR 147.2701 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2701... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virgin Islands § 147.2701 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Virgin Islands, including all...

  15. 40 CFR 147.1951 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1951... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Pennsylvania § 147.1951 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Pennsylvania, including...

  16. 40 CFR 147.2404 - EPA-administered program-Colville Reservation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Colville...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Washington § 147.2404 EPA-administered program—Colville Reservation. (a) The UIC program for the Colville...

  17. 40 CFR 147.451 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.451... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS District of Columbia § 147.451 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the District of Columbia...

  18. 40 CFR 147.451 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.451... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS District of Columbia § 147.451 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the District of Columbia...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands § 147.2801 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian...

  1. 40 CFR 147.451 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.451... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS District of Columbia § 147.451 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the District of Columbia...

  2. 40 CFR 147.2351 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2351... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virginia § 147.2351 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Virginia, including all...

  3. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  4. 40 CFR 147.2404 - EPA-administered program-Colville Reservation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program-Colville...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Washington § 147.2404 EPA-administered program—Colville Reservation. (a) The UIC program for the Colville...

  5. 40 CFR 147.2701 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2701... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virgin Islands § 147.2701 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Virgin Islands, including all...

  6. 40 CFR 147.2701 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2701... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virgin Islands § 147.2701 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Virgin Islands, including all...

  7. 40 CFR 147.1951 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1951... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Pennsylvania § 147.1951 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Pennsylvania, including...

  8. 40 CFR 147.2151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Tennessee § 147.2151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Tennessee, including all...

  9. 40 CFR 147.2351 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2351... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virginia § 147.2351 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Virginia, including all...

  10. 40 CFR 147.451 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.451... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS District of Columbia § 147.451 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the District of Columbia...

  11. 40 CFR 147.1951 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1951... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Pennsylvania § 147.1951 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Pennsylvania, including...

  12. 40 CFR 147.2151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Tennessee § 147.2151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Tennessee, including all...

  13. 40 CFR 147.2801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands § 147.2801 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian...

  14. 40 CFR 147.1951 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1951... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Pennsylvania § 147.1951 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Pennsylvania, including...

  15. 40 CFR 147.451 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.451... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS District of Columbia § 147.451 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the District of Columbia...

  16. 40 CFR 147.2151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Tennessee § 147.2151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Tennessee, including all...

  17. 40 CFR 147.2701 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2701... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Virgin Islands § 147.2701 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Virgin Islands, including all...

  18. 40 CFR 147.1151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Michigan § 147.1151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Michigan, including all...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands § 147.2801 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Indian...

  1. 40 CFR 147.2151 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2151... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Tennessee § 147.2151 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Tennessee, including all...

  2. The UIC Therapeutic Partnership Project. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawlor, Mary C.; Cada, Elizabeth A.

    This interdisciplinary inservice training project at the University of Illinois at Chicago was designed to improve early childhood occupational and physical therapy services by developing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating a comprehensive training model. The competency-based program was designed to address the developmental needs of…

  3. Consent Agreement and [Proposed] Final Order: N.F. Kawakami Store Ltd.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Consent Agreement and [Proposed] Final Order between the EPA Region 9, and N.F. Kawakami Store Ltd. to resolve a civil administrative proceeding under Sections 1423(c)(3)(B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Docket No. UIC-09-2018-0003.

  4. Proposed Class II Permit MI-035-2R-0034: Fact Sheet and Draft Permit

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA plans to issue a Class II permit for Muskegon Development Company’s Holcomb 1-22 well in Clare County, Mich. Document page contains factsheet about proposed UIC permit for Holcomb 1-22 well to Muskegon Development Company.

  5. 40 CFR 145.24 - Attorney General's statement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Attorney General's statement. 145.24... (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.24 Attorney General's statement... State Attorney General (or the attorney for those State or interstate agencies which have independent...

  6. 77 FR 26231 - State of Tennessee; Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program Primacy

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-03

    ... public docket, visit the EPA Docket Center homepage at http://www.epa.gov/epahome/dockets.htm of the.... Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Library, 9th Floor, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 30303. The Library is open from [[Page 26232

  7. Enhancing Coordination and Communication with States on Review and Approval of Aquifer Exemption Requests

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The memorandum in the link provided is for Underground Injection Control (UIC) program managers and is intended to promote a consistent and predictable process for the review of aquifer exemption requests under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

  8. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chamberlain, S.Z.

    Sterling Chemicals is a large chemical manufacturing company located in Texas City, Texas. Formerly a Monsanto plant, the facility was purchased in 1986 as a leveraged buy out by the Sterling Group of Houston, Texas. Total plant manufacturing area is 243 acres with 20 acres of greenbelt adjacent to the plant. The facility manufactures numerous intermediate chemical products: styrene, acrylonitrile, lactic acid, acetic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalate esters, tertiary burylamine, and in 1989 began manufacturing sodium cyanide. In the early 1980`s Sterling Chemicals, Inc., in concert with approximately twenty other corporations in America, formed a consortium to address the impendingmore » regulatory changes in the federal Underground Injection Control (UIC) program. Since that time, after numerous successful changes in the UIC regulatory program, the consortium, under the administrative support of the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), had embarked upon an effort to correct a wrong in the way Class I injection wells are reported on the Toxic Release Inventory forms in order to gain public confidence in the EPA and State Regulation of Deepwell Injection.« less

  9. Iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Toronto, Canada.

    PubMed

    Katz, Pamela M; Leung, Angela M; Braverman, Lewis E; Pearce, Elizabeth N; Tomlinson, George; He, Xuemei; Vertes, Jaclyn; Okun, Nan; Walfish, Paul G; Feig, Denice S

    2013-01-01

    To evaluate the status of iodine nutrition among pregnant women presenting for routine antenatal care in Toronto, Canada, as determined by the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of this population. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted involving 142 pregnant women recruited from four low-risk antenatal outpatient clinics in Toronto, Canada. Subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a spot urine sample for the measurement of iodine concentration. Mean maternal age was 33.8 ± 4.3 years. Mean gestational age was 29.3 ± 7.8 weeks. The median UIC was 221 μg/L (interquartile range, 142 to 397 μg/L). Six women (4.2%) had urine iodine levels <50 μg/L, and 36 women (25.4%) had levels between 50 and 150 μg/L. This cohort of primarily Caucasian, well-educated, and relatively affluent pregnant women in Toronto, Canada, are iodine sufficient, perhaps due to universal salt iodization and/or other dietary and lifestyle factors.

  10. Fusidic acid suspension twice daily: a new treatment schedule for skin and soft tissue infection in children, with improved tolerability.

    PubMed

    Török, Eva; Somogyi, Tihamér; Rutkai, Krisztina; Iglesias, Luis; Bielsa, Isabel

    2004-06-01

    This multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study aimed to compare a new regimen of fusidic acid suspension against a standard regimen in children with skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment groups were given either a new regimen of fusidic acid suspension (20 mg/kg divided b.i.d.) or a standard regimen (50 mg/kg divided t.i.d.), which were administered for 5 days in both groups and for a further 5 days if evidence of infection persisted. Assessment of those cured was carried out 14 days. Both regimens were effective. Cure was achieved in 194 (91.1%) of the 213 children given the new b.i.d. dosage and for 194 (89.4%) of the 217 children given the standard t.i.d. dosage (intention-to-treat population; p=0.72). Cure was maintained at the follow-up assessment for 94.8% (181 of 191) and 95.7% (180 of 188), respectively, of the children. Bacteriological cure of infections due to fusidic acid susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and/or group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, with elimination of pathogens, was achieved in all 121 (100%) children treated with the new b.i.d. regimen and in 123 (99.2%) of the 124 children treated with the standard TID regimen. The new twice-daily regimen had significantly better tolerance (p=0.025).

  11. Transtibial prosthesis suspension systems: systematic review of literature.

    PubMed

    Gholizadeh, H; Abu Osman, N A; Eshraghi, A; Ali, S; Razak, N A

    2014-01-01

    Today a number of prosthetic suspension systems are available for transtibial amputees. Consideration of an appropriate suspension system can ensure that amputee's functional needs are satisfied. The higher the insight to suspension systems, the easier would be the selection for prosthetists. This review attempted to find scientific evidence pertaining to various transtibial suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were explored to find related articles. Search terms were as follows: "Transtibial prosthesis (32), prosthetic suspension (48), lower limb prosthesis (54), below-knee prosthesis (58), prosthetic liner (20), transtibial (193), and prosthetic socket (111)". Two reviewers separately examined the papers. Study design (case series of five or more subjects, retrospective or prospective), research instrument, sampling method, outcome measures and protocols were reviewed. Based on the selection criteria, 22 articles (15 prospective studies, and 7 surveys) remained. Sweat control was found to be a major concern with the available suspension liners. Donning and doffing procedures for soft liners are also problematic for some users, particularly those with upper limb weakness. Moreover, the total surface bearing (TSB) socket with pin/lock system is favored by the majority of amputees. In summary, no clinical evidence is available to suggest what kind of suspension system could have an influential effect as a "standard" system for all transtibial amputees. However, among various suspension systems for transtibial amputees, the Iceross system was favored by the majority of users in terms of function and comfort. © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 75 FR 9163 - Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe From the People's...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-01

    ... Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary... the People's Republic of China. For information on the estimated subsidy rates, see the ``Suspension... Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe from the People's Republic of China: Initiation...

  13. Enhancing Coordination and Communication with States on Review and Approval of Aquifer Exemption Requests Under SDWA

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The memorandum in the link provided is for Underground Injection Control (UIC) program managers and is intended to promote a consistent and predictable process for the review of aquifer exemption requests under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

  14. 40 CFR 147.3100 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.3100... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of Certain Oklahoma Indian Tribes § 147.3100 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Indian...

  15. 40 CFR 147.3100 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.3100... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of Certain Oklahoma Indian Tribes § 147.3100 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Indian...

  16. 40 CFR 147.2851 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2851... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands § 147.2851 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Trust Territory of...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1651 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1651... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1651 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of New York, including all...

  18. 40 CFR 147.2851 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2851... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands § 147.2851 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Trust Territory of...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2851 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2851... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands § 147.2851 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Trust Territory of...

  20. 40 CFR 147.1651 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1651... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1651 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of New York, including all...

  1. 40 CFR 147.3100 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.3100... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of Certain Oklahoma Indian Tribes § 147.3100 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Indian...

  2. 40 CFR 147.1651 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1651... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1651 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of New York, including all...

  3. 40 CFR 147.2851 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2851... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands § 147.2851 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Trust Territory of...

  4. 40 CFR 147.2851 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2851... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands § 147.2851 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for Trust Territory of...

  5. 40 CFR 147.3100 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.3100... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of Certain Oklahoma Indian Tribes § 147.3100 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Indian...

  6. 40 CFR 147.3100 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.3100... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Lands of Certain Oklahoma Indian Tribes § 147.3100 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the Indian...

  7. 40 CFR 147.1651 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.1651... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New York § 147.1651 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of New York, including all...

  8. Organic Carbon as Inhibitor to SVOC and Metal Migration in Stormwater Drywells Discharging to the Subsurface-SLIDES

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorizes the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to protect underground drinking water (USDW) sources from contamination caused by underground injection wells, including regulation of stormwater drainage drywells for parking lot and ro...

  9. 40 CFR 145.58 - Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Tribe's application. 145.58 Section 145.58 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Indian Tribes § 145.58 Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application. (a) The Administrator shall process a completed application of an...

  10. 40 CFR 145.58 - Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Tribe's application. 145.58 Section 145.58 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Indian Tribes § 145.58 Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application. (a) The Administrator shall process a completed application of an...

  11. 40 CFR 145.58 - Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Tribe's application. 145.58 Section 145.58 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Indian Tribes § 145.58 Procedure for processing an Indian Tribe's application. (a) The Administrator shall process a completed application of an...

  12. 40 CFR 145.22 - Elements of a program submission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Elements of a program submission. 145.22 Section 145.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.22 Elements of a...

  13. 40 CFR 145.22 - Elements of a program submission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Elements of a program submission. 145.22 Section 145.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.22 Elements of a...

  14. 40 CFR 145.22 - Elements of a program submission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Elements of a program submission. 145.22 Section 145.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.22 Elements of a...

  15. 40 CFR 145.22 - Elements of a program submission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Elements of a program submission. 145.22 Section 145.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.22 Elements of a...

  16. 40 CFR 145.22 - Elements of a program submission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Elements of a program submission. 145.22 Section 145.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS State Program Submissions § 145.22 Elements of a...

  17. 40 CFR 124.8 - Fact sheet.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS PROCEDURES FOR... draft permit for a major HWM, UIC, 404, or NPDES facility or activity, for every Class I sludge... that includes a sewage sludge land application plan under 40 CFR 501.15(a)(2)(ix), and for every draft...

  18. 40 CFR 124.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating all RCRA, UIC, PSD and NPDES “permits... requirements for PSD permits. Subpart D contains specific procedural requirements for NPDES permits. Subpart G...)). Part 124 does not apply to PSD permits issued by an approved State. (f) To coordinate decisionmaking...

  19. 40 CFR 124.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating all RCRA, UIC, PSD and NPDES “permits... requirements for PSD permits. Subpart D contains specific procedural requirements for NPDES permits. Subpart G...)). Part 124 does not apply to PSD permits issued by an approved State. (f) To coordinate decisionmaking...

  20. 40 CFR 124.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating all RCRA, UIC, PSD and NPDES “permits... requirements for PSD permits. Subpart D contains specific procedural requirements for NPDES permits. Subpart G...)). Part 124 does not apply to PSD permits issued by an approved State. (f) To coordinate decisionmaking...

  1. 40 CFR 124.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating all RCRA, UIC, PSD and NPDES “permits... requirements for PSD permits. Subpart D contains specific procedural requirements for NPDES permits. Subpart G...)). Part 124 does not apply to PSD permits issued by an approved State. (f) To coordinate decisionmaking...

  2. 40 CFR 124.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating all RCRA, UIC, PSD and NPDES “permits... requirements for PSD permits. Subpart D contains specific procedural requirements for NPDES permits. Subpart G...)). Part 124 does not apply to PSD permits issued by an approved State. (f) To coordinate decisionmaking...

  3. Class I Underground Injection Control Program: Study of the Risks Associated with Class I Underground Injection Wells

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The document provides describes the current Class I UIC program, the history of Class I injection, and studies of human health risks associated with Class I injection wells, which were conducted for past regulatory efforts and policy documentation.

  4. 40 CFR 147.1500 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Hampshire § 147.1500 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of New Hampshire, except those wells on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New Hampshire Department of...

  5. 40 CFR 147.1500 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Hampshire § 147.1500 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of New Hampshire, except those wells on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New Hampshire Department of...

  6. 40 CFR 147.1500 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Hampshire § 147.1500 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of New Hampshire, except those wells on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New Hampshire Department of...

  7. 40 CFR 147.1500 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Hampshire § 147.1500 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of New Hampshire, except those wells on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New Hampshire Department of...

  8. 40 CFR 147.1500 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Hampshire § 147.1500 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of New Hampshire, except those wells on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New Hampshire Department of...

  9. Public Notice 2018-04. Morton Salt Inc.

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Morton Salt, Inc., 123 North Walker Dr., Chicago, IL 60606 has applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300f et. seq (the Act), for a new Underground Injection Control (UIC) pe

  10. 40 CFR 147.550 - State-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State-administered program. 147.550... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Georgia § 147.550 State-administered program. The UIC program for all classes of wells in the State of Georgia, except...

  11. Physical and microbiological stability of an extemporaneous tacrolimus suspension for paediatric use.

    PubMed

    Han, J; Beeton, A; Long, P F; Wong, I; Tuleu, C

    2006-04-01

    An extemporaneous suspension of tacrolimus for paediatric use has recently been developed but poor bioavailability and erratic plasma concentrations were observed during clinical use. It was not clear whether this was due to changes in the physical properties of the suspension during storage. The aim of this work was to investigate the physical and microbiological stability over the recommended 8-week shelf-life of this extemporaneous tacrolimus suspension. Suspensions (0.5 mg/mL) were custom made by a special manufacturer under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. The procedure involved mixing tacrolimus capsule contents into Ora Plus and Simple Syrup (1 : 1) using a mortar and pestle followed by an homogenization step. The particle sizes of the suspensions were measured using a MasterSizer. A light microscope equipped with polarizers was used to visualize any particle size changes or crystal growth. Viable bacterial and fungal contamination was assessed using standard colony count techniques on solid media. The suspensions were kept at 22-26 degrees C and evaluated weekly. The volume mean diameter d((4,3)) from laser diffraction did not change significantly. Light microscopy did not reveal any significant change in particle size or crystal growth. Contamination by viable and culturable micro-organisms could not be detected. The suspension was physically (particle size) and microbiologically stable during the 8-week study period suggesting other factors including poor dosing could be responsible for the pharmacokinetic variation observed during clinical use which warrants further investigation.

  12. Modernisation of a test rig for determination of vehicle shock absorber characteristics by considering vehicle suspension elements and unsprung masses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maniowski, M.; Para, S.; Knapczyk, M.

    2016-09-01

    This paper presents a modernization approach of a standard test bench for determination of damping characteristics of automotive shock absorbers. It is known that the real-life work conditions of wheel-suspension dampers are not easy to reproduce in laboratory conditions, for example considering a high frequency damper response or a noise emission. The proposed test bench consists of many elements from a real vehicle suspension. Namely, an original tyre-wheel with additional unsprung mass, a suspension spring, an elastic top mount, damper bushings and a simplified wheel guiding mechanism. Each component was tested separately in order to identify its mechanical characteristics. The measured data serve as input parameters for a numerical simulation of the test bench behaviour by using a vibratory model with 3 degrees of freedom. Study on the simulation results and the measurements are needed for further development of the proposed test bench.

  13. Decorrelation correction for nanoparticle tracking analysis of dilute polydisperse suspensions in bulk flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hartman, John; Kirby, Brian

    2017-03-01

    Nanoparticle tracking analysis, a multiprobe single particle tracking technique, is a widely used method to quickly determine the concentration and size distribution of colloidal particle suspensions. Many popular tools remove non-Brownian components of particle motion by subtracting the ensemble-average displacement at each time step, which is termed dedrifting. Though critical for accurate size measurements, dedrifting is shown here to introduce significant biasing error and can fundamentally limit the dynamic range of particle size that can be measured for dilute heterogeneous suspensions such as biological extracellular vesicles. We report a more accurate estimate of particle mean-square displacement, which we call decorrelation analysis, that accounts for correlations between individual and ensemble particle motion, which are spuriously introduced by dedrifting. Particle tracking simulation and experimental results show that this approach more accurately determines particle diameters for low-concentration polydisperse suspensions when compared with standard dedrifting techniques.

  14. New level of vehicle comfort and vehicle stability via utilisation of the suspensions anti-dive and anti-squat geometry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lindvai-Soos, Daniel; Horn, Martin

    2018-07-01

    In this article a novel vehicle dynamics control concept is designed for a vehicle equipped with wheel individual electric traction machines, electronically controlled brakes and semi-active suspensions. The suspension's cross-couplings between traction forces and vertical forces via anti-dive and anti-squat geometry is utilised in the control concept to improve driving comfort and driving stability. The control concept is divided into one main and two cascaded branches. The main controller consists of a multivariable vehicle dynamics controller and a control allocation scheme to improve the vehicle's driving comfort. The cascaded feedback loops maintain the vehicle's stability according to wheel slip and vehicle sideslip. The performance of the combined vehicle dynamics controller is compared to a standard approach in simulation. It can be stated that the controller piloting semi-active suspensions together with brake and traction devices enables a superior performance regarding comfort and stability.

  15. 12 CFR 263.402 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in... violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know...

  16. 12 CFR 19.243 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged... results in a violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows...

  17. 12 CFR 308.602 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including those... Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in negligent conduct... applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know, that...

  18. 12 CFR 263.402 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in... violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know...

  19. 12 CFR 308.602 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including those... Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in negligent conduct... applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know, that...

  20. 12 CFR 19.243 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged... results in a violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows...

  1. 12 CFR 308.602 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including those... Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in negligent conduct... applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know, that...

  2. 12 CFR 263.402 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in... violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know...

  3. 12 CFR 19.243 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged... results in a violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows...

  4. 12 CFR 19.243 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged... results in a violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows...

  5. 12 CFR 308.602 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including those... Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in negligent conduct... applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know, that...

  6. 12 CFR 263.402 - Removal, suspension, or debarment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... recklessly engaged in conduct that results in a violation of applicable professional standards, including... Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) Has engaged in... violation of applicable professional standards in circumstances in which an accountant knows, or should know...

  7. Human Factors Assessment of U.S. Marine Lightweight Helmet Suspension Systems: Standard A Pad System vs. a Proposed Suspension System B HeadGard

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    Side view of participant wearing the LWH with the mounted NVG. .............................9  Figure 9. Participant wearing the LWH, NVG, and M50 ...62  Figure H-27. Participants donning the M50 joint service general...opinions after selected shoulder-fired weapons are fired • Participant opinions after sand bags are filled • Compatibility with the M50 Joint Service

  8. Enhanced mixing and spatial instability in concentrated bacterial suspensions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sokolov, Andrey; Goldstein, Raymond E.; Feldchtein, Felix I.; Aranson, Igor S.

    2009-09-01

    High-resolution optical coherence tomography is used to study the onset of a large-scale convective motion in free-standing thin films of adjustable thickness containing suspensions of swimming aerobic bacteria. Clear evidence is found that beyond a threshold film thickness there exists a transition from quasi-two-dimensional collective swimming to three-dimensional turbulent behavior. The latter state, qualitatively different from bioconvection in dilute bacterial suspensions, is characterized by enhanced diffusivities of oxygen and bacteria. These results emphasize the impact of self-organized bacterial locomotion on the onset of three-dimensional dynamics, and suggest key ingredients necessary to extend standard models of bioconvection to incorporate effects of large-scale collective motion.

  9. 40 CFR 147.1201 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Minnesota § 147.1201 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Minnesota is administered by... for Minnesota is: June 11, 1984. [49 FR 20197, May 11, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 9416, Mar. 6, 1991] ...

  10. 40 CFR 147.1201 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Minnesota § 147.1201 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Minnesota is administered by... for Minnesota is: June 11, 1984. [49 FR 20197, May 11, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 9416, Mar. 6, 1991] ...

  11. 40 CFR 147.1201 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Minnesota § 147.1201 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Minnesota is administered by... for Minnesota is: June 11, 1984. [49 FR 20197, May 11, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 9416, Mar. 6, 1991] ...

  12. 40 CFR 147.1201 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Minnesota § 147.1201 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Minnesota is administered by... for Minnesota is: June 11, 1984. [49 FR 20197, May 11, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 9416, Mar. 6, 1991] ...

  13. 40 CFR 147.1201 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Minnesota § 147.1201 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for the State of Minnesota is administered by... for Minnesota is: June 11, 1984. [49 FR 20197, May 11, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 9416, Mar. 6, 1991] ...

  14. 40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.101... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA..., and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  15. 40 CFR 147.801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Iowa § 147.801 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  16. 40 CFR 147.601 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.601... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Hawaii § 147.601 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  17. 40 CFR 147.801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Iowa § 147.801 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  18. 40 CFR 147.901 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.901... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.901 EPA... lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124...

  19. 40 CFR 147.601 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.601... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Hawaii § 147.601 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  20. 40 CFR 147.901 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.901... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.901 EPA... lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124...

  1. 40 CFR 147.901 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.901... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.901 EPA... lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124...

  2. 40 CFR 147.801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Iowa § 147.801 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  3. 40 CFR 147.901 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.901... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.901 EPA... lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124...

  4. 40 CFR 147.801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Iowa § 147.801 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  5. 40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.101... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA..., and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  6. 40 CFR 147.601 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.601... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Hawaii § 147.601 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  7. 40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.101... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA..., and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  8. 40 CFR 147.601 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.601... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Hawaii § 147.601 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  9. 40 CFR 147.801 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.801... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Iowa § 147.801 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  10. 40 CFR 147.601 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.601... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Hawaii § 147.601 EPA... administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124, 144, 146, 148...

  11. 40 CFR 147.101 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.101... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Alaska § 147.101 EPA..., and for all classes of wells on Indian lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC...

  12. 40 CFR 147.901 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.901... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Kentucky § 147.901 EPA... lands, is administered by EPA. This program consists of the UIC program requirements of 40 CFR parts 124...

  13. Summary report on the attempted monitoring of Highway 20 stormwater MP 1.11-2.31.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-01-01

    As part of SPR-335 Water Quality Facility Investigation, an attempt was made to : exercise the UIC Stormwater Monitoring Plan developed for Highway 20 from MP 1.11 : to 2.31 in eastern Bend, Oregon. The intention was to use ODOT personnel : headquart...

  14. 40 CFR 145.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (underground injection control—UIC) of SDWA, and includes the elements which must be part of submissions to EPA... requirements of this part, the Safe Drinking Water Act and any comments received. (e) Upon approval of a State... the Administrator to delegate primary enforcement responsibility for the Underground Injection Control...

  15. 40 CFR 147.1600 - State-administered program-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS New Mexico § 147.1600 State-administered program—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II wells in the State of New Mexico, except for those on Indian lands, is the program administered by the New...

  16. 40 CFR 147.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose and scope. 147.1 Section 147.1..., TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS General Provisions § 147.1 Purpose and scope. (a) This part sets forth the applicable Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs for...

  17. 40 CFR 147.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Purpose and scope. 147.1 Section 147.1..., TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS General Provisions § 147.1 Purpose and scope. (a) This part sets forth the applicable Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs for...

  18. 78 FR 48639 - North Dakota Underground Injection Control Program Revision Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-09

    ... Dakota Industrial Commission, Oil and Gas Division 1016 East Calgary Avenue, Bismarck, North Dakota 58503... the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) to issue UIC permits for carbon geo-sequestration... protected through www.regulations.gov or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access...

  19. 76 FR 77225 - Agency Information Collection Activities OMB Responses

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-12

    ... Intake Structures; was approved on 11/04/2011; OMB Number 2040-0283; expires on 07/31/2013; Approved... Requirements under the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for Carbon Dioxide Geologic Sequestration... filed comment on 11/10/2011. EPA ICR Number 2060.05; Cooling Water Intake Structures Existing Facility...

  20. 40 CFR 121.28 - Termination of suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the operation or conduct thereof has been modified so as not to violate water quality standards. If the Regional Administrator determines that water quality standards will not be violated, he shall so... Section 121.28 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS STATE...

  1. 40 CFR 121.28 - Termination of suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the operation or conduct thereof has been modified so as not to violate water quality standards. If the Regional Administrator determines that water quality standards will not be violated, he shall so... Section 121.28 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS STATE...

  2. Preparation of peanut butter suspension for determination of peanuts using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits.

    PubMed

    Trucksess, Mary W; Brewer, Vickery A; Williams, Kristina M; Westphal, Carmen D; Heeres, James T

    2004-01-01

    Peanuts are one of the 8 most common allergenic foods and a large proportion of peanut-allergic individuals have severe reactions, some to minimal exposure. Specific protein constituents in the peanuts are the cause of the allergic reactions in sensitized individuals who ingest the peanuts. To avoid accidental ingestion of peanut-contaminated food, methods of analysis for the determination of the allergenic proteins in foods are important tools. Such methods could help identify foods inadvertently contaminated with peanuts, thereby reducing the incidence of allergic reactions to peanuts. Commercial immunoassay kits are available but need study for method performance, which requires reference materials for within- and between-laboratory validations. In this study, National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 2387 peanut butter was used. A polytron homogenizer was used to prepare a homogenous aqueous Peanut Butter suspension for the evaluation of method performance of some commercially available immunoassay kits such as Veratox for Peanut Allergen Test (Neogen Corp.), Ridascreen Peanut (R-Biopharm GmbH), and Bio-Kit Peanut Protein Assay Kit (Tepnel). Each gram of the aqueous peanut butter suspension contained 20 mg carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, 643 microg peanut, 0.5 mg thimerosal, and 2.5 mg bovine serum albumin. The suspension was homogenous, stable, reproducible, and applicable for adding to ice cream, cookies, breakfast cereals, and chocolate for recovery studies at spike levels ranging from 12 to 90 microg/g.

  3. The effect of particle size on the dehydration/rehydration behaviour of lactose.

    PubMed

    Crisp, J L; Dann, S E; Edgar, M; Blatchford, C G

    2010-05-31

    Ethanolic suspensions of spray dried and micronized alpha lactose monohydrate (L(alpha)xH(2)O) with average particle size between 3 and 200 microm, have been prepared and their dehydration behaviour was investigated by (13)C CP-MASNMR spectroscopy. Sub-micron lactose suspension prepared by a novel high pressure homogenisation method has been compared with the standard ethanolic suspensions of (L(alpha).H(2)O prepared by reflux or static room temperature methods. In all cases, suspensions were shown to contain the stable anhydrous form of lactose ((L(alpha)(S)). Several approaches were employed to remove ethanol from these suspensions and the resulting dry lactose powders were then analysed by FT-IR, PXRD and SEM to evaluate the effect of drying procedure on type and distribution of lactose polymorphs and particle size. For samples with mean particle size greater than 1 microm, the stable anhydrous polymorphic form of lactose was retained on removal of the ethanol, although differences in the morphology and particle size of the crystals were apparent depending on method of suspension formation. Sub-micron (L(alpha)(S), while stable in dry conditions, has been shown to be less stable to atmospheric water vapour than (L(alpha)(S) with particle size between 3 and 200 microm. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Factors Associated With the Use of Postoperative Analgesics in Patients Undergoing Direct Microlaryngoscopy.

    PubMed

    Taliercio, Salvatore; Sanders, Brian; Achlatis, Stratos; Fang, Yixin; Branski, Ryan; Amin, Milan

    2017-05-01

    Morbidity associated with suspension laryngoscopy has been well documented. However, standard of care with regard to postoperative analgesia has not been described, and anecdotal evidence suggests wide variability with regard to postoperative narcotic and non-narcotic recommendations. We sought to quantify the postoperative course following suspension microlaryngoscopy by relating patient-based and intraoperative measures with analgesic use. Body mass index (BMI), Friedman tongue position (FTP), and Mallampati scores as well as laryngoscope type, number of attempts required for optimal visualization, and suspension time were documented in 50 consecutive patients undergoing routine suspension microlaryngoscopy. Postoperative symptoms and analgesic use was queried on postoperative days 1, 3, and 10. In this cohort, 62.5% employed postoperative analgesia. However, only 20% required narcotics. No difference in suspension time was identified in those taking analgesics (33.0 vs 37.3 minutes, P = .44). In addition, no relationship between procedure type and the need for analgesia was noted. The majority of patients (76%) described sore throat persisting for 3 postoperative days; 36% reported sore throat persisting beyond postoperative day 3. The majority of patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy reported discomfort, but symptoms were largely ameliorated with over-the-counter analgesics. Routine prescription of narcotics following routine suspension laryngoscopy may be unnecessary.

  5. Assessment of spinal flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: suspension versus side-bending radiography.

    PubMed

    Lamarre, Marie-Eve; Parent, Stefan; Labelle, Hubert; Aubin, Carl-Eric; Joncas, Julie; Cabral, Anne; Petit, Yvan

    2009-03-15

    Prospective evaluation of a new suspension test to determine curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in comparison with erect side-bending. To verify whether the suspension is a better method than side-bending to estimate curve reducibility and to assess spine flexibility. Spinal flexibility is a decisive biomechanical parameter for the planning of AIS surgery. Side-bending is often referred as the gold standard, but it has a low reproducibility and there is no agreement amongst surgeons about the most advantageous method to use. Even more, every technique evaluates reducibility instead of flexibility since the forces involved in the change in shape of the spine are not considered. Eighteen patients scheduled for AIS surgery were studied. Preoperative radiological evaluation consisted of 4 radiographs: standing posteroanterior, left and right erect side-bending, and suspension. The side-bending and the suspension tests were compared on the basis of the apical vertebrae derotation and the scoliosis curve reduction. Frontal and axial flexibility indices, expressed as the ratio between the moment induced by the body weight and the reduction, were calculated from the suspension data. The average scoliosis curve reduction and apical vertebra derotation were 21 degrees (37%) and 3 degrees (12%), respectively for erect side-bending and 26 degrees (39%) and 7 degrees (28%), respectively for suspension. The erect side-bending test generated a larger curve reduction (P = 0.05) when considering the moderate curves only and the suspension test (P = 0.02) when considering the severe curves. The suspension test produced a larger axial derotation (P = 0.007) when considering all the curves. The average traction force during suspension was 306 N (187 N-377 N). The average estimation for the frontal flexibility index was 1.64 degrees/Nm (0.84-2.82) and 0.51 degrees/Nm (0.01-1.39) for the axial flexibility index. Results of this study demonstrate the feasibility to really evaluate the spine flexibility with the suspension test. The estimated flexibility values are realistic and similar to those reported in vitro. Suspension should be used in the future for spine flexibility assessment.

  6. Solid freeform fabrication of biomaterials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, Tien-Min Gabriel

    1999-12-01

    The biological performance of porous Hydroxyapatite (HA) is closely related to the pore architecture in the implants. The study on the effect of architecture to the biological performance of porous HA requires new manufacturing methods that can fabricate implants with controlled pores channels. In this thesis, four highly loaded HA and alumina suspensions were formulated and three different processes involving Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) were developed. An aqueous HA suspension in acrylamides was first formulated and the UV-curing properties were evaluated. With a medical grade HA powder, two non-aqueous HA suspensions were formulated: a 40 vol.% HA suspension in Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA) and a 40 vol.% HA suspension in 1:1 mix of Propoxylated Neopentyl Glycol Diacrylate (PNPGDA) and Isobomyl Acrylate (EBA). A 50 vol.% Alumina suspension in PNPGDA/IBA was also formulated. The effect of dispersant to the viscosity of the suspensions was characterized. In the Stereolithography (SL) method, the curing parameters of HA/HDDA and HA/PNPGDA/IBA were determined. Prototype HA implants with 1,700 mum internal channels were built directly on an SL Apparatus (SLA). The designed internal channel patterns were preserved after sintering. In the Ink-jet printing method, the high temperature flow behaviors of the suspensions were characterized. The effects of solids loading to the viscosity of the suspensions were modeled with Krieger-Dougherty equation. Leveling theory developed in paint industry was employed to analyze the self-leveling capability of the suspensions. In the indirect SL method, the thermal curing behavior of HA and alumina suspensions were characterized. The total cure time was measured and the curing kinetics was modeled. Negative molds for the implants were designed and built on SLA with epoxy resin. HA/PNPGDA/IBA was cast into the mold and cured in an oven. The binders and the epoxy mold were pyrolyzed and the green bodies sintered. Internal channels with sizes in the range of 420 to 968 gm with standard deviation less than 50 mum were successfully built. The formulation and characterization techniques developed in this thesis were useful for evaluating the suspensions for SFF process. The manufacturing process developed in this thesis have provided new methods for controlling the channel size in porous HA implants.

  7. Proper selection of 1 g controls in simulated microgravity research as illustrated with clinorotated plant cell suspension cultures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kamal, Khaled Y.; Hemmersbach, Ruth; Medina, F. Javier; Herranz, Raúl

    2015-04-01

    Understanding the physical and biological effects of the absence of gravity is necessary to conduct operations on space environments. It has been previously shown that the microgravity environment induces the dissociation of cell proliferation from cell growth in young seedling root meristems, but this source material is limited to few cells in each row of meristematic layers. Plant cell cultures, composed by a large and homogeneous population of proliferating cells, are an ideal model to study the effects of altered gravity on cellular mechanisms regulating cell proliferation and associated cell growth. Cell suspension cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana cell line (MM2d) were exposed to 2D-clinorotation in a pipette clinostat for 3.5 or 14 h, respectively, and were then processed either by quick freezing, to be used in flow cytometry, or by chemical fixation, for microscopy techniques. After long-term clinorotation, the proportion of cells in G1 phase was increased and the nucleolus area, as revealed by immunofluorescence staining with anti-nucleolin, was decreased. Despite the compatibility of these results with those obtained in real microgravity on seedling meristems, we provide a technical discussion in the context of clinorotation and proper 1 g controls with respect to suspension cultures. Standard 1 g procedure of sustaining the cell suspension is achieved by continuously shaking. Thus, we compare the mechanical forces acting on cells in clinorotated samples, in a control static sample and in the standard 1 g conditions of suspension cultures in order to define the conditions of a complete and reliable experiment in simulated microgravity with corresponding 1 g controls.

  8. 40 CFR 147.52 - State-administered program-Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Fracturing of Coal Beds. 147.52 Section 147.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Alabama § 147.52 State-administered program—Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds. The UIC program for hydraulic fracturing of coal beds in the State of Alabama, except those on Indian lands, is the program...

  9. 40 CFR 147.52 - State-administered program-Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Fracturing of Coal Beds. 147.52 Section 147.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Alabama § 147.52 State-administered program—Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds. The UIC program for hydraulic fracturing of coal beds in the State of Alabama, except those on Indian lands, is the program...

  10. 40 CFR 147.52 - State-administered program-Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Fracturing of Coal Beds. 147.52 Section 147.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Alabama § 147.52 State-administered program—Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds. The UIC program for hydraulic fracturing of coal beds in the State of Alabama, except those on Indian lands, is the program...

  11. 40 CFR 147.52 - State-administered program-Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Fracturing of Coal Beds. 147.52 Section 147.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Alabama § 147.52 State-administered program—Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Beds. The UIC program for hydraulic fracturing of coal beds in the State of Alabama, except those on Indian lands, is the program...

  12. 40 CFR 147.2201 - State-administered program-Class II wells

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Application to Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resource Operations, sections .051.02.02.000 to .051.02.02.080... wells 147.2201 Section 147.2201 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Texas § 147.2201 State-administered program—Class II wells The UIC program for Class II wells in the...

  13. 77 FR 11039 - Proposed Confidentiality Determinations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems Source Category...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-24

    ... CO 2 carbon dioxide CO 2 e carbon dioxide equivalent CBI confidential business information CFR Code... RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act T-D transmission--distribution UIC Underground Injection Control UMRA... to or greater than 25,000 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (mtCO 2 e). The proposed...

  14. Virtual Teaching Assistant: Understanding Internet Technologies and the Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reveron, Derek S.

    This paper reports the results of using the World Wide Web and a newsgroup for two undergraduate political science courses over an eight-month period. The paper describes an educator's personal experiences with technology as an instructor of political science at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). The paper examines two distinct…

  15. 40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

  16. 40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

  17. 40 CFR 147.3200 - Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes-Class II wells. 147.3200 Section 147.3200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes § 147.3200 Fort Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes—Class II wells. The UIC program for Class II injection wells on all lands within the...

  18. 40 CFR 147.3400 - Navajo Indian lands-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Plant and the Navajo Generating Station; and on Navajo Nation tribal trust lands and trust allotments... granted the Navajo Nation primacy for the SDWA Class II UIC program”), is the program administered by the Navajo Nation approved by EPA pursuant to section 1425 of the SDWA. Notice of this approval was published...

  19. 40 CFR 147.3400 - Navajo Indian lands-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Plant and the Navajo Generating Station; and on Navajo Nation tribal trust lands and trust allotments... granted the Navajo Nation primacy for the SDWA Class II UIC program”), is the program administered by the Navajo Nation approved by EPA pursuant to section 1425 of the SDWA. Notice of this approval was published...

  20. 40 CFR 147.3400 - Navajo Indian lands-Class II wells.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Plant and the Navajo Generating Station; and on Navajo Nation tribal trust lands and trust allotments... granted the Navajo Nation primacy for the SDWA Class II UIC program”), is the program administered by the Navajo Nation approved by EPA pursuant to section 1425 of the SDWA. Notice of this approval was published...

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