Sample records for ultra violet airglow

  1. Ultra violet disinfection: A 3-year history

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tubesing, R.R.; Lindeke, D.R.

    1998-07-01

    The Stillwater Wastewater Treatment Facility is one of nine wastewater treatment facilities operated by the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area. The facility services the cities of Stillwater, Oak Park Heights, and Bayport. In 1993, an ultra violet disinfection facility began operation to provide the disinfection for the Facility. This presentation discusses the reasons for using ultra violet disinfection in lieu of chlorination/dechlorination facilities, the operating performance, and operating cost factors.

  2. Design Considerations for a Water Treatment System Utilizing Ultra-Violet Light Emitting Diodes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-27

    DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM UTILIZING ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT EMITTING DIODES...the United States. ii AFIT-ENV-14-M-58 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM UTILIZING ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT EMITTING DIODES...DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. iii AFIT-ENV-14-M-58 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM UTILIZING ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT EMITTING

  3. Microgap ultra-violet detector

    DOEpatents

    Wuest, Craig R.; Bionta, Richard M.

    1994-01-01

    A microgap ultra-violet detector of photons with wavelengths less than 400 run (4000 Angstroms) which comprises an anode and a cathode separated by a gas-filled gap and having an electric field placed across the gap. Either the anode or the cathode is semi-transparent to UV light. Upon a UV photon striking the cathode an electron is expelled and accelerated across the gap by the electric field causing interactions with other electrons to create an electron avalanche which contacts the anode. The electron avalanche is detected and converted to an output pulse.

  4. Microgap ultra-violet detector

    DOEpatents

    Wuest, C.R.; Bionta, R.M.

    1994-09-20

    A microgap ultra-violet detector of photons with wavelengths less than 400 run (4,000 Angstroms) which comprises an anode and a cathode separated by a gas-filled gap and having an electric field placed across the gap is disclosed. Either the anode or the cathode is semi-transparent to UV light. Upon a UV photon striking the cathode an electron is expelled and accelerated across the gap by the electric field causing interactions with other electrons to create an electron avalanche which contacts the anode. The electron avalanche is detected and converted to an output pulse. 2 figs.

  5. STUDIES ON BIOLUMINESCENCE : XVII. FLUORESCENCE AND INHIBITION OF LUMINESCENCE IN CTENOPHORES BY ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT.

    PubMed

    Harvey, E N

    1925-01-20

    1. Small dumps of the luminous cells of Mnemiopsis cannot readily be stimulated mechanically but will luminesce on treatment with saponin solution. Larger groups of luminous cells (such as are connected with two paddle plates) luminesce on mechanical stimulation. This suggests that mechanical stimulation to luminesce occurs chiefly through a nerve mechanism which has been broken up in the small dumps of luminous tissue. 2. The smallest bits of luminous tissue, even cells freed from the animal by agitation, that will pass through filter paper, lose their power to luminesce in daylight and regain it (at least partially) in the dark. 3. Luminescence of the whole animal and of individual cells is suppressed by near ultra-violet light (without visible light). 4. Inhibition in ultra-violet light is not due to stimulation (by the ultra-violet light) of the animal to luminesce, thereby using up the store of photogenic material. 5. Animals stimulated mechanically several times and placed in ultra-violet light show a luminescence along the meridians in the same positions as the luminescence that appears on stimulation. This luminescence in the ultra-violet or "tonic luminescence," is not obtained with light adapted ctenophores and is interpreted to be a fluorescence of the product of oxidation of the photogenic material. 6. Marked fluorescence of the luminous organ of the glowworm (Photuris) and of the luminous slime of Chatopterus may be observed in ultra-violet but no marked fluorescence of the luminous substances of Cypridina is apparent. 7. Evidence is accumulating to show a close relation between fluorescent and chemiluminescent substances in animals, similar to that described for unsaturated silicon compounds and the Grignard reagents.

  6. Monitoring Saturn's Upper Atmosphere Density Variations Using Helium 584 Airglow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parkinson, Chris

    2017-10-01

    The study of He 584 Å brightnesses is interesting as the EUV (Extreme UltraViolet) planetary airglow have the potential to yield useful information about mixing and other important parameters in its thermosphere. Resonance scattering of sunlight by He atoms is the principal source of the planetary emission of He 585 Å. The principal parameter involved in determining the He 584 Å albedo are the He volume mixing ratio, f_He, well below the homopause. Our main science objective is to estimate the helium mixing ratio in the lower atmosphere. Specifically, He emissions come from above the homopause where optical depth trau=1 in H2 and therefore the interpretation depends mainly on two parameters: He mixing ratio of the lower atmosphere and K_z. The occultations of Koskinen et al (2015) give K_z with an accuracy that has never been possible before and the combination of occultations and airglow therefore provide estimates of the mixing ratio in the lower atmosphere. We make these estimates at several locations that can be reasonably studied with both occultations and airglow and then average the results. Our results lead to a greatly improved estimate of the mixing ratio of He in the upper atmosphere and below. The second objective is to constrain the dynamics in the atmosphere by using the estimate of the He mixing ratio from the main objective. Once we have an estimate of the He mixing ratio in the lower atmosphere that agrees with both occultations and airglow, helium becomes an effective tracer species as any variations in the Cassini UVIS helium data are direct indicator of changes in K_z i.e., dynamics. Our third objective is to connect this work to our Cassini UVIS data He 584 Å airglow analyses as they both cover the time span of the observations and allow us to monitor changes in the airglow observations that may correlate with changes in the state of the atmosphere as revealed by the occultations Saturn's upper thermosphere. This work helps to determine the

  7. Ultra-fast switching of light by absorption saturation in vacuum ultra-violet region.

    PubMed

    Yoneda, Hitoki; Inubushi, Yuichi; Tanaka, Toshihiro; Yamaguchi, Yuta; Sato, Fumiya; Morimoto, Shunsuke; Kumagai, Taisuke; Nagasono, Mitsuru; Higashiya, Atsushi; Yabashi, Makina; Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Ohashi, Haruhiko; Kimura, Hiroaki; Kitamura, Hikaru; Kodama, Ryosuke

    2009-12-21

    Advances in free electron lasers producing high energy photons [Nat. Photonics 2(9), 555-559 (2008)] are expected to open up a new science of nonlinear optics of high energy photons. Specifically, lasers of photon energy higher than the plasma frequency of a metal can show new interaction features because they can penetrate deeply into metals without strong reflection. Here we show the observation of ultra-fast switching of vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) light caused by saturable absorption of a solid metal target. A strong gating is observed at energy fluences above 6J/cm2 at wavelength of 51 nm with tin metal thin layers. The ratio of the transmission at high intensity to low intensity is typically greater than 100:1. This means we can design new nonlinear photonic devices such as auto-correlator and pulse slicer for the VUV region.

  8. Extreme ultra-violet movie camera for imaging microsecond time scale magnetic reconnection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chai, Kil-Byoung; Bellan, Paul M.

    2013-12-15

    An ultra-fast extreme ultra-violet (EUV) movie camera has been developed for imaging magnetic reconnection in the Caltech spheromak/astrophysical jet experiment. The camera consists of a broadband Mo:Si multilayer mirror, a fast decaying YAG:Ce scintillator, a visible light block, and a high-speed visible light CCD camera. The camera can capture EUV images as fast as 3.3 × 10{sup 6} frames per second with 0.5 cm spatial resolution. The spectral range is from 20 eV to 60 eV. EUV images reveal strong, transient, highly localized bursts of EUV radiation when magnetic reconnection occurs.

  9. Ultra-violet radiation is responsible for the differences in global epidemiology of chickenpox and the evolution of varicella-zoster virus as man migrated out of Africa.

    PubMed

    Rice, Philip S

    2011-04-23

    Of the eight human herpes viruses, varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and zoster, has a unique epidemiology. Primary infection is much less common in children in the tropics compared with temperate areas. This results in increased adult susceptibility causing outbreaks, for example in health-care workers migrating from tropical to temperate countries. The recent demonstration that there are different genotypes of varicella-zoster virus and their geographic segregation into tropical and temperate areas suggests a distinct, yet previously unconsidered climatic factor may be responsible for both the clinical and molecular epidemiological features of this virus infection. Unlike other human herpes viruses, varicella-zoster virus does not require intimate contact for infection to occur indicating that transmission may be interrupted by a geographically restricted climatic factor. The factor with the largest difference between tropical and temperate zones is ultra-violet radiation. This could reduce the infectiousness of chickenpox cases by inactivating virus in vesicles, before or after rupture. This would explain decreased transmissibility in the tropics and why the peak chickenpox incidence in temperate zones occurs during winter and spring, when ultra-violet radiation is at its lowest. The evolution of geographically restricted genotypes is also explained by ultra-violet radiation driving natural selection of different virus genotypes with varying degrees of resistance to inactivation, tropical genotypes being the most resistant. Consequently, temperate viruses should be more sensitive to its effects. This is supported by the observation that temperate genotypes are found in the tropics only in specific circumstances, namely where ultra-violet radiation has either been excluded or significantly reduced in intensity. The hypothesis is testable by exposing different virus genotypes to ultra-violet radiation and quantifying virus survival by plaque forming

  10. Ultra-violet radiation is responsible for the differences in global epidemiology of chickenpox and the evolution of varicella-zoster virus as man migrated out of Africa

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Of the eight human herpes viruses, varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and zoster, has a unique epidemiology. Primary infection is much less common in children in the tropics compared with temperate areas. This results in increased adult susceptibility causing outbreaks, for example in health-care workers migrating from tropical to temperate countries. The recent demonstration that there are different genotypes of varicella-zoster virus and their geographic segregation into tropical and temperate areas suggests a distinct, yet previously unconsidered climatic factor may be responsible for both the clinical and molecular epidemiological features of this virus infection. Presentation of the hypothesis Unlike other human herpes viruses, varicella-zoster virus does not require intimate contact for infection to occur indicating that transmission may be interrupted by a geographically restricted climatic factor. The factor with the largest difference between tropical and temperate zones is ultra-violet radiation. This could reduce the infectiousness of chickenpox cases by inactivating virus in vesicles, before or after rupture. This would explain decreased transmissibility in the tropics and why the peak chickenpox incidence in temperate zones occurs during winter and spring, when ultra-violet radiation is at its lowest. The evolution of geographically restricted genotypes is also explained by ultra-violet radiation driving natural selection of different virus genotypes with varying degrees of resistance to inactivation, tropical genotypes being the most resistant. Consequently, temperate viruses should be more sensitive to its effects. This is supported by the observation that temperate genotypes are found in the tropics only in specific circumstances, namely where ultra-violet radiation has either been excluded or significantly reduced in intensity. Testing the Hypothesis The hypothesis is testable by exposing different virus genotypes to ultra-violet

  11. The creation of radiation dominated plasmas using laboratory extreme ultra-violet lasers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tallents, G. J.; Wilson, S.; West, A.; Aslanyan, V.; Lolley, J.; Rossall, A. K.

    2017-06-01

    Ionization in experiments where solid targets are irradiated by high irradiance extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lasers is examined. Free electron degeneracy effects on ionization in the presence of a high EUV flux of radiation is shown to be important. Overlap of the physics of such plasmas with plasma material under compression in indirect inertial fusion is explored. The design of the focusing optics needed to achieve high irradiance (up to 1014 Wcm-2) using an EUV capillary laser is presented.

  12. The Far Ultra-Violet Imager on the Icon Mission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mende, S. B.; Frey, H. U.; Rider, K.; Chou, C.; Harris, S. E.; Siegmund, O. H. W.; England, S. L.; Wilkins, C.; Craig, W.; Immel, T. J.; Turin, P.; Darling, N.; Loicq, J.; Blain, P.; Syrstad, E.; Thompson, B.; Burt, R.; Champagne, J.; Sevilla, P.; Ellis, S.

    2017-10-01

    ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager contributes to the ICON science objectives by providing remote sensing measurements of the daytime and nighttime atmosphere/ionosphere. During sunlit atmospheric conditions, ICON FUV images the limb altitude profile in the shortwave (SW) band at 135.6 nm and the longwave (LW) band at 157 nm perpendicular to the satellite motion to retrieve the atmospheric O/N2 ratio. In conditions of atmospheric darkness, ICON FUV measures the 135.6 nm recombination emission of O+ ions used to compute the nighttime ionospheric altitude distribution. ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager is a Czerny-Turner design Spectrographic Imager with two exit slits and corresponding back imager cameras that produce two independent images in separate wavelength bands on two detectors. All observations will be processed as limb altitude profiles. In addition, the ionospheric 135.6 nm data will be processed as longitude and latitude spatial maps to obtain images of ion distributions around regions of equatorial spread F. The ICON FUV optic axis is pointed 20 degrees below local horizontal and has a steering mirror that allows the field of view to be steered up to 30 degrees forward and aft, to keep the local magnetic meridian in the field of view. The detectors are micro channel plate (MCP) intensified FUV tubes with the phosphor fiber-optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs). The dual stack MCP-s amplify the photoelectron signals to overcome the CCD noise and the rapidly scanned frames are co-added to digitally create 12-second integrated images. Digital on-board signal processing is used to compensate for geometric distortion and satellite motion and to achieve data compression. The instrument was originally aligned in visible light by using a special grating and visible cameras. Final alignment, functional and environmental testing and calibration were performed in a large vacuum chamber with a UV source. The test and calibration program showed that ICON

  13. Bias Selectable Dual Band AlGaN Ultra-violet Detectors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yan, Feng; Miko, Laddawan; Franz, David; Guan, Bing; Stahle, Carl M.

    2007-01-01

    Bias selectable dual band AlGaN ultra-violet (UV) detectors, which can separate UV-A and UV-B using one detector in the same pixel by bias switching, have been designed, fabricated and characterized. A two-terminal n-p-n photo-transistor-like structure was used. When a forward bias is applied between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, the detectors can successfully detect W-A and reject UV-B. Under reverse bias, they can detect UV-B and reject UV-A. The proof of concept design shows that it is feasible to fabricate high performance dual-band UV detectors based on the current AlGaN material growth and fabrication technologies.

  14. Oxidation preventative capping layer for deep-ultra-violet and soft x-ray multilayers

    DOEpatents

    Prisbrey, Shon T.

    2004-07-06

    The invention uses iridium and iridium compounds as a protective capping layer on multilayers having reflectivity in the deep ultra-violet to soft x-ray regime. The iridium compounds can be formed in one of two ways: by direct deposition of the iridium compound from a prepared target or by depositing a thin layer (e.g., 5-50 angstroms) of iridium directly onto an element. The deposition energy of the incoming iridium is sufficient to activate the formation of the desired iridium compound. The compounds of most interest are iridium silicide (IrSi.sub.x) and iridium molybdenide (IrMo.sub.x).

  15. Cavity-enhanced frequency doubling from 795nm to 397.5nm ultra-violet coherent radiation with PPKTP crystals in the low pump power regime.

    PubMed

    Wen, Xin; Han, Yashuai; Bai, Jiandong; He, Jun; Wang, Yanhua; Yang, Baodong; Wang, Junmin

    2014-12-29

    We demonstrate a simple, compact and cost-efficient diode laser pumped frequency doubling system at 795 nm in the low power regime. In two configurations, a bow-tie four-mirror ring enhancement cavity with a PPKTP crystal inside and a semi-monolithic PPKTP enhancement cavity, we obtain 397.5nm ultra-violet coherent radiation of 35mW and 47mW respectively with a mode-matched fundamental power of about 110mW, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 32% and 41%. The low loss semi-monolithic cavity leads to the better results. The constructed ultra-violet coherent radiation has good power stability and beam quality, and the system has huge potential in quantum optics and cold atom physics.

  16. Enhanced airglow at Titan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Royer, Emilie; Esposito, Larry; Wahlund, Jan-Erik

    2016-06-01

    The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) instrument made thousand of observations of Titan since its arrival in the Saturnian system in 2004, but only few of them have been analyzed yet. Using the imaging capability of UVIS combined to a big data analytics approach, we have been able to uncover an unexpected pattern in this observations: on several occasions the Titan airglow exhibits an enhanced brightness by approximately a factor of 2, generally combined with a lower altitude of the airglow emission peak. These events typically last from 10 to 30 minutes and are followed and preceded by an airglow of regular and expected level of brightness and altitude. Observations made by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instrument onboard Cassini allowed us to correlate the enhanced airglow observed on T-32 with an electron burst. The timing of the burst and the level of energetic electrons (1 keV) observed by CAPS correspond to a brighter and lower than typical airglow displayed on the UVIS data. Furthermore, during T-32 Titan was inside the Saturn's magnetosheath and thus more subject to bombardment by energetic particles. However, our analysis demonstrates that the presence of Titan inside the magnetosheath is not a necessary condition for the production of an enhanced airglow, as we detected other similar events while Titan was within Saturn's magnetosphere. The study presented here aims to a better understanding of the interactions of Titan's upper atmosphere with its direct environment.

  17. The effect of ultra-violet light curing on the molecular structure and fracture properties of an ultra low-k material

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smith, Ryan Scott

    As the gate density increases in microelectronic devices, the interconnect delay or RC response also increases and has become the limiting delay to faster devices. In order to decrease the RC time delay, a new metallization scheme has been chosen by the semiconductor industry. Copper has replaced aluminum as the metal lines and new low-k dielectric materials are being developed to replace silicon dioxide. A promising low-k material is porous organosilicate glass or p-OSG. The p-OSG film is a hybrid material where the silicon dioxide backbone is terminated with methyl or hydrogen, reducing the dielectric constant and creating mechanically weak films that are prone to fracture. A few methods of improving the mechanical properties of p-OSG films have been attempted-- exposing the film to hydrogen plasma, electron beam curing, and ultra-violet light curing. Hydrogen plasma and electron-beam curing suffer from a lack of specificity and can cause charging damage to the gates. Therefore, ultra-violet light curing (UV curing) is preferable. The effect of UV curing on an ultra-low-k, k~2.5, p-OSG film is studied in this dissertation. Changes in the molecular structure were measured with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The evolution of the molecular structure with UV curing was correlated with material and fracture properties. The material properties were film shrinkage, densification, and an increase in dielectric constant. From the changes in molecular structure and material properties, a set of condensation reactions with UV light are predicted. The connectivity of the film increases with the condensation reactions and, therefore, the fracture toughness should also increase. The effect of UV curing on the critical and sub-critical fracture toughness was also studied. The critical fracture toughness was measured at four different mode-mixes-- zero, 15°, 32°, and 42°. It was found that the critical fracture toughness

  18. Detection of biological warfare agents using ultra violet-laser induced fluorescence LIDAR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Joshi, Deepti; Kumar, Deepak; Maini, Anil K.; Sharma, Ramesh C.

    This review has been written to highlight the threat of biological warfare agents, their types and detection. Bacterial biological agent Bacillus anthracis (bacteria causing the disease anthrax) which is most likely to be employed in biological warfare is being discussed in detail. Standoff detection of biological warfare agents in aerosol form using Ultra violet-Laser Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectroscopy method has been studied. Range-resolved detection and identification of biological aerosols by both nano-second and non-linear femto-second LIDAR is also discussed. Calculated received fluorescence signal for a cloud of typical biological agent Bacillus globigii (Simulants of B. anthracis) at a location of ˜5.0 km at different concentrations in presence of solar background radiation has been described. Overview of current research efforts in internationally available working UV-LIF LIDAR systems are also mentioned briefly.

  19. Detection of biological warfare agents using ultra violet-laser induced fluorescence LIDAR.

    PubMed

    Joshi, Deepti; Kumar, Deepak; Maini, Anil K; Sharma, Ramesh C

    2013-08-01

    This review has been written to highlight the threat of biological warfare agents, their types and detection. Bacterial biological agent Bacillus anthracis (bacteria causing the disease anthrax) which is most likely to be employed in biological warfare is being discussed in detail. Standoff detection of biological warfare agents in aerosol form using Ultra violet-Laser Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectroscopy method has been studied. Range-resolved detection and identification of biological aerosols by both nano-second and non-linear femto-second LIDAR is also discussed. Calculated received fluorescence signal for a cloud of typical biological agent Bacillus globigii (Simulants of B. anthracis) at a location of ~5.0 km at different concentrations in presence of solar background radiation has been described. Overview of current research efforts in internationally available working UV-LIF LIDAR systems are also mentioned briefly. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. A rocket-borne airglow photometer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paarmann, L. D.; Smith, L. G.

    1977-01-01

    The design of a rocket-borne photometer to measure the airglow emission of ionized molecular nitrogen in the 391.4 nm band is presented. This airglow is a well known and often observed phenomenon of auroras, where the principal source of ionization is energetic electrons. It is believed that at some midlatitude locations energetic electrons are also a source of nighttime ionization in the E region of the ionosphere. If this is so, then significant levels of 391.4 nm airglow should be present. The intensity of this airglow will be measured in a rocket payload which also contains instrumentation to measured in a rocket payload which also contains instrumentation to measure energetic electron differential flux and the ambient electron density. An intercomparison of the 3 experiments in a nightime launch will allow a test of the importance of energetic electrons as a nighttime source of ionization in the upper E region.

  1. Heater-induced ionization inferred from spectrometric airglow measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hysell, D. L.; Miceli, R. J.; Varney, R. H.; Schlatter, N.; Huba, J. D.

    2013-12-01

    Spectrographic airglow measurements were made during an ionospheric modification experiment at HAARP on March 12, 2013. Artificial airglow enhancements at 427.8, 557.7, 630.0, 777.4, and 844.6 nm were observed. On the basis of these emissions and using a methodology based on the method of Backus and Gilbert [1968, 1970], we estimate the suprathermal electron population and the subsequent equilibrium electron density profile, including contributions from electron impact ionization. We find that the airglow is consistent with significant induced ionization in view of the spatial intermittency of the airglow.

  2. The advances in airglow study and observation by the ground-based airglow observation network over China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Jiyao; Li, Qinzeng; Yuan, Wei; Liu, Xiao; Liu, Weijun; Sun, Longchang

    2017-04-01

    Ground-based airglow observation networks over China used to study airglow have been established, which contains 15 stations. Some new results were obtained using the networks. For OH airglow observations, firstly, an unusual outbreak of Concentric Gravity Wave (CGW) events were observed by the first no-gap network nearly every night during the first half of August 2013. Combination of the ground imager network with satellites provides multilevel observations of the CGWs from the troposphere to the mesopause region. Secondly, three-year OH airglow images (2012-2014) from Qujing (25.6°N, 103.7°E) were used to study how orographic features of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) affect the geographical distributions of gravity wave (GW) sources. We find the orographic forcings have a significant impact on the gravity wave propagation features. Thirdly, ground-based observations of the OH (9-4, 8-3, 6-2, 5-1, 3-0) band airglow over Xinglong (40°2N, 117°4E) in northern China from 2012 to 2014 are used to calculate rotational temperatures. By comparing the ground-based OH rotational temperature with SABER's observations, five Einstein coefficient datasets are evaluated. We find rotational temperatures determined using any of the available Einstein coefficient datasets have systematic errors. We have obtained a set of optimal Einstein coefficients ratios for rotational temperature derivation using three years data from ground-based OH spectra and SABER temperatures. For the OI 630.0 nm airglow observations, we used three-year (2011-2013) observations of thermospheric winds (at 250 km) by Fabry-Perot interferometers at Xinglong to study the climatology of atmospheric planetary wave-type oscillations (PWTOs) with periods of 4-19 days. We found these PWTOs occur more frequently in the months from May to October. They are consistent with the summertime preference of middle-latitude ionospheric electron density oscillations noted in other studies. By using an all-sky airglow imager

  3. Heater-induced ionization inferred from spectrometric airglow measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hysell, D. L.; Miceli, R. J.; Kendall, E. A.; Schlatter, N. M.; Varney, R. H.; Watkins, B. J.; Pedersen, T. R.; Bernhardt, P. A.; Huba, J. D.

    2014-03-01

    Spectrographic airglow measurements were made during an ionospheric modification experiment at High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program on 12 March 2013. Artificial airglow enhancements at 427.8, 557.7, 630.0, 777.4, and 844.6 nm were observed. On the basis of these emissions and using a methodology based on the method of Backus and Gilbert (1968, 1970), we estimate the suprathermal electron population and the subsequent equilibrium electron density profile, including contributions from electron impact ionization. We find that the airglow is consistent with heater-induced ionization in view of the spatial intermittency of the airglow.

  4. Mask fabrication and its applications to extreme ultra-violet diffractive optics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheng, Yang-Chun

    Short-wavelength radiation around 13nm of wavelength (Extreme Ultra-Violet, EUV) is being considered for patterning microcircuits, and other electronic chips with dimensions in the nanometer range. Interferometric Lithography (IL) uses two beams of radiation to form high-resolution interference fringes, as small as half the wavelength of the radiation used. As a preliminary step toward manufacturing technology, IL can be used to study the imaging properties of materials in a wide spectral range and at nanoscale dimensions. A simple implementation of IL uses two transmission diffraction gratings to form the interference pattern. More complex interference patterns can be created by using different types of transmission gratings. In this thesis, I describe the development of a EUV lithography system that uses diffractive optical elements (DOEs), from simple gratings to holographic structures. The exposure system is setup on a EUV undulator beamline at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, in the Center for NanoTechnology clean room. The setup of the EUV exposure system is relatively simple, while the design and fabrication of the DOE "mask" is complex, and relies on advanced nanofabrication techniques. The EUV interferometric lithography provides reliable EUV exposures of line/space patterns and is ideal for the development of EUV resist technology. In this thesis I explore the fabrication of these DOE for the EUV range, and discuss the processes I have developed for the fabrication of ultra-thin membranes. In addition, I discuss EUV holographic lithography and generalized Talbot imaging techniques to extend the capability of our EUV-IL system to pattern arbitrary shapes, using more coherent sources than the undulator. In a series of experiments, we have demonstrated the use of a soft X-ray (EUV) laser as effective source for EUV lithography. EUV-IL, as implemented at CNTech, is being used by several companies and research organizations to characterize photoresist

  5. Telescopic Imaging of Heater-Induced Airglow at HAARP

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    03-01-2007 Final1 10-09-2003 - 10-09-2006 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Ba. CONTRACT NUMBER Telescopic Imaging of Heater-Induced Airglow at HAARP N00014-03-1... HAARP to optically measure fine structure in the ionosphere and to study airglow sources. In the presence of aurora and a strong blanketing E layer... HAARP was modulated at intervals of several seconds. For several cycles, small bright airglow spots were observed whenever HAARP was on. These spots

  6. Gravity Wave Detection through All-sky Imaging of Airglow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nguyen, T. V.; Martinez, A.; Porat, I.; Hampton, D. L.; Bering, E., III; Wood, L.

    2017-12-01

    Airglow, the faint glow of the atmosphere, is caused by the interaction of air molecules with radiation from the sun. Similarly, the aurora is created by interactions of air molecules with the solar wind. It has been shown that airglow emissions are altered by gravity waves passing through airglow source region (100-110km), making it possible to study gravity waves and their sources through airglow imaging. University of Houston's USIP - Airglow team designed a compact, inexpensive all-sky imager capable of detecting airglow and auroral emissions using a fisheye lens, a simple optical train, a filter wheel with 4 specific filters, and a CMOS camera. This instrument has been used in USIP's scientific campaign in Alaska throughout March 2017. During this period, the imager captured auroral activity in the Fairbanks region. Due to lunar conditions and auroral activity images from the campaign did not yield visible signs of airglow. Currently, the team is trying to detect gravity wave patterns present in the images through numerical analysis. Detected gravity wave patterns will be compared to local weather data, and may be used to make correlations between gravity waves and weather events. Such correlations could provide more data on the relationship between the mesosphere and lower layers of the atmosphere. Practical applications of this research include weather prediction and detection of air turbulence.

  7. Mesopause region wind, temperature and airglow irradiance above Eureka, Nunavut

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kristoffersen, Samuel; Ward, William E.; Vail, Christopher; Shepherd, Marianna

    2016-07-01

    The PEARL All Sky Imager (PASI, airglow images), the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI, airglow irradiance and temperature) and the E-Region Wind Interferometer II (ERWIN2, wind, airglow irradiance and temperature) are co-located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL)in Eureka, Nunavut (80 N, 86 W). These instruments view the wind, temperature and airglow irradiance of hydroxyl (all three) O2 (ERWIN2 and SATI), sodium (PASI), and oxygen green line (PASI and ERWIN2). The viewing locations and specific emissions of the various instruments differ. Nevertheless, the co-location of these instruments provides an excellent opportunity for case studies of specific events and for intercomparison between the different techniques. In this paper we discuss the approach we are using to combine observations from the different instruments. Case studies show that at times the various instruments are in good agreement but at other times they differ. Of particular interest are situations where gravity wave signatures are evident for an extended period of time and one such situation is presented. The discussion includes consideration of the filtering effect of viewing through airglow layers and the extent to which wind, airglow and temperature variations can be associated with the same gravity wave.

  8. Berkeley extreme-ultraviolet airglow rocket spectrometer - BEARS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cotton, D. M.; Chakrabarti, S.

    1992-01-01

    The Berkeley EUV airglow rocket spectrometer (BEARS) instrument is described. The instrument was designed in particular to measure the dominant lines of atomic oxygen in the FUV and EUV dayglow at 1356, 1304, 1027, and 989 A, which is the ultimate source of airglow emissions. The optical and mechanical design of the instrument, the detector, electronics, calibration, flight operations, and results are examined.

  9. Thermospheric Airglow Perturbations in the Upper Atmosphere Caused by Hurricane Harvey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhatt, A.; Kendall, E. A.

    2017-12-01

    The Midlatitude Allsky imaging Network for Geophysical Observations (MANGO) consists of seven allsky imagers distributed across the United States recording observations of large-scale airglow perturbations. The imagers are filtered at 630 nm, a forbidden oxygen line, in order to record the predominant source of airglow at 250 km altitude. While the ubiquitous airglow layer is challenging to observe when under uniform conditions, waves in the upper atmosphere cause ripples in the airglow layer which can easily be imaged by appropriate instrumentation. MANGO is the first network to record perturbations in the airglow layer on a continent-size scale. Large and Mid-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs and MSTIDs) are recorded that are caused by auroral forcing, mountain turbulence, and tidal variations. On August 25, airglow perturbations centered on the Hurricane Harvey path were observed by MANGO. These images and connections to other complimentary data sets such as GPS will be presented.

  10. Planetary nebulae with UVIT: Far ultra-violet halo around the Bow Tie nebula (NGC 40)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kameswara Rao, N.; Sutaria, F.; Murthy, J.; Krishna, S.; Mohan, R.; Ray, A.

    2018-01-01

    Context. NGC 40 is a planetary nebula with diffuse X-ray emission, suggesting an interaction of the high-speed wind from WC8 central star (CS) with the nebula. It shows strong C IV 1550 Å emission that cannot be explained by thermal processes alone. We present here the first map of this nebula in C IV emission using broad band filters on the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT). Aim. We aim to map the hot C IV-emitting gas and its correspondence with soft X-ray (0.3-8 keV) emitting regions in order to study the shock interaction between the nebula and the ISM. We also aim to illustrate the potential of UVIT for nebular studies. Methods: We carry out a morphological study of images of the nebula obtained at an angular resolution of about 1.3″ in four UVIT filter bands that include C IV 1550 Å and [C II] 2326 Å lines as well as UV continuum. We also make comparisons with X-ray, optical, and IR images from the literature. Results: The [C II] 2326 Å images show the core of the nebula with two lobes on either side of CS similar to [N II]. The C IV emission in the core shows similar morphology and extent to that of diffuse X-ray emission concentrated in nebular condensations. A surprising UVIT discovery is the presence of a large faint far UV (FUV) halo in an FUV filter with λeff of 1608 Å. The UV halo is not present in any other UV filter. The FUV halo is most likely due to UV fluorescence emission from the Lyman bands of H2 molecules. Unlike the optical and IR halo, the FUV halo trails predominantly towards the south-east side of the nebular core, opposite to the CS's proper motion direction. Conclusions: Morphological similarity of C IV 1550 Å and X-ray emission in the core suggests that it results mostly from the interaction of strong CS wind with the nebula. The FUV halo in NGC 40 highlights the extensive existence of H2 molecules in the regions even beyond the optical and IR halos. Thus UV studies are important to estimate the amount of H2, which is

  11. Plans of lightning and airglow measurements with LAC/Akatsuki

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takahashi, Yukihiro; Hoshino, Naoya; Sato, Mitsuteru; Yair, Yoav; Galand, Marina; Fukuhara, Tetsuya

    Though there are extensive researches on the existence of lightning discharge in Venus over few decades, this issue is still under controversial. Recently it is reported that the magnetometer on board Venus Express detected whistler mode waves whose source could be lightning discharge occurring well below the spacecraft. However, it is too early to determine the origin of these waves. On the other hand, night airglow is expected to provide essential information on the atmospheric circulation in the upper atmosphere of Venus. But the number of consecutive images of airglow obtained by spacecraft is limited and even the variations of most enhanced location is still unknown. In order to identify the discharge phenomena in the atmosphere of Venus separating from noises and to know the daily variation of airglow distribution in night-side disk, we plan to observe the lightning and airglow optical emissions with high-speed and high-sensitivity optical detector with narrow-band filters on board Akatsuki. We are ready to launch the flight model of lightning and airglow detector, LAC (Lightning and Airglow Camera). Main difference from other previous equipments which have provided evidences of lightning existence in Venus is the high-speed sampling rate at 32 us interval for each pixel, enabling us to distinguish the optical lightning flash from other pulsing noises. In this presentation the observation strategies, including ground-based support with optical telescopes, are shown and discussed.

  12. Equatorial Enhancement of the Nighttime OH Mesospheric Infrared Airglow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, D. J.; Mlynczak, M. G.; Russell, J. M.

    2007-01-01

    Global measurements of the hydroxyl mesospheric airglow over an extended period of time have been made possible by the NASA SABER infrared sensor aboard the TIMED satellite which has been functioning since December of 2001. The orbital mission has continued over a significant portion of a solar cycle. Experimental data from SABER for several years have exhibited equatorial enhancements of the nighttime mesospheric OH (delta v = 2) airglow layer consistent with the high average diurnal solar flux. The brightening of the OH airglow typically means more H + O3 is being reacted. At both the spring and autumn seasonal equinoxes when the equatorial solar UV irradiance mean is greatest, the peak volume emission rate (VER) of the nighttime Meinel infrared airglow typically appears to be both significantly brighter plus lower in altitude by several kilometres at low latitudes compared with midlatitude findings.

  13. The equatorial airglow and the ionospheric geomagnetic anomaly

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chandra, S.; Reed, E. I.; Troy, B. E., Jr.; Blamont, J. E.

    1972-01-01

    OGO D observations of OI (6300A) emissions reveal a global pattern in the equatorial airglow undetected from the ground-based observations. The post sunset emission rate of OI is generally asymmetrical with respect to the geomagnetic equator and shows no apparent correlation with the ultraviolet airglow (OI 1304 and 1356A) and F region electron density measured simultaneously from the same spacecraft. Both the ultraviolet airglow and the ion density measured in the altitude region of 450 km follow similar latitudinal variations and exhibit properties of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly. The asymmetry in OI emission can be attributed to the asymmetry in the height of the F 2 maximum inferred from the height of the maximum emission. From correlative studies of the airglow and the ionospheric measurements, the mechanisms for the ultraviolet and the 6300A emission are discussed in terms of the processes involving radiative and dissociative recombinations. A relationship between molecular oxygen density and the integrated OI emission rate is derived and the feasibility of using this relationship for estimating O2 density is discussed.

  14. The Visible Airglow Experiment - A review

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hays, Paul B.; Abreu, Vincent J.; Solomon, Stanley C.; Yee, Jeng-Hwa

    1988-01-01

    Contributions of the Visible Airglow Experiment (VAE) to the understanding of various airglow and auroral processes are reviewed. The impact of instrumental design and operation on the observations is discussed, and emphasis is placed on the relationship between observations and inversion for optical measurements of light emissions from a diffuse medium. VAE data are used to explain the physical mechanisms responsible for the production and destruction of excited species including O(+)(1P), O(1D), O(1S), N(2D), and Mg(+)2P1/2.

  15. NIRAC: Near Infrared Airglow Camera for the International Space Station

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gelinas, L. J.; Rudy, R. J.; Hecht, J. H.

    2017-12-01

    NIRAC is a space based infrared airglow imager that will be deployed to the International Space Station in late 2018, under the auspices of the Space Test Program. NIRAC will survey OH airglow emissions in the 1.6 micron wavelength regime, exploring the spatial and temporal variability of emission intensities at latitudes from 51° south to 51° north. Atmospheric perturbations in the 80-100 km altitude range, including those produced by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), are observable in the OH airglow. The objective of the NIRAC experiment is to make near global measurement of the OH airglow and airglow perturbations. These emissions also provide a bright source of illumination at night, allowing for nighttime detection of clouds and surface characteristics. The instrument, developed by the Aerospace Space Science Applications Laboratory, employs a space-compatible FPGA for camera control and data collection and a novel, custom optical system to eliminate image smear due to orbital motion. NIRAC utilizes a high-performance, large format infrared focal plane array, transitioning technology used in the existing Aerospace Corporation ground-based airglow imager to a space based platform. The high-sensitivity, four megapixel imager has a native spatial resolution of 100 meters at ISS altitudes. The 23° x 23° FOV sweeps out a 150 km swath of the OH airglow layer as viewed from the ISS, and is sensitive to OH intensity perturbations down to 0.1%. The detector has a 1.7 micron cutoff that precludes the need for cold optics and reduces cooling requirements (to 180 K). Detector cooling is provided by a compact, lightweight cryocooler capable of reaching 120K, providing a great deal of margin.

  16. Characterization and error analysis of an operational retrieval algorithm for estimating column ozone and aerosol properties from ground-based ultra-violet irradiance measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Taylor, Thomas E.; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Slusser, James; Stephens, Graeme; Krotkov, Nick; Davis, John; Goering, Christian

    2005-08-01

    Extensive sensitivity and error characteristics of a recently developed optimal estimation retrieval algorithm which simultaneously determines aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol single scatter albedo (SSA) and total ozone column (TOC) from ultra-violet irradiances are described. The algorithm inverts measured diffuse and direct irradiances at 7 channels in the UV spectral range obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) UV-B Monitoring and Research Program's (UVMRP) network of 33 ground-based UV-MFRSR instruments to produce aerosol optical properties and TOC at all seven wavelengths. Sensitivity studies of the Tropospheric Ultra-violet/Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model performed for various operating modes (Delta-Eddington versus n-stream Discrete Ordinate) over domains of AOD, SSA, TOC, asymmetry parameter and surface albedo show that the solutions are well constrained. Realistic input error budgets and diagnostic and error outputs from the retrieval are analyzed to demonstrate the atmospheric conditions under which the retrieval provides useful and significant results. After optimizing the algorithm for the USDA site in Panther Junction, Texas the retrieval algorithm was run on a cloud screened set of irradiance measurements for the month of May 2003. Comparisons to independently derived AOD's are favorable with root mean square (RMS) differences of about 3% to 7% at 300nm and less than 1% at 368nm, on May 12 and 22, 2003. This retrieval method will be used to build an aerosol climatology and provide ground-truthing of satellite measurements by running it operationally on the USDA UV network database.

  17. Ultra-violet and visible absorption characterization of explosives by differential reflectometry.

    PubMed

    Dubroca, Thierry; Moyant, Kyle; Hummel, Rolf E

    2013-03-15

    This study presents some optical properties of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX, HMX and tetryl, specifically their absorption spectra as a function of concentration in various solvents in the ultraviolet and visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. We utilize a standoff explosives detection method, called differential reflectometry (DR). TNT was diluted in six different solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, and toluene), which allowed for a direct comparison of absorption features over a wide range of concentrations. A line-shape analysis was adopted with great accuracy (R(2)>0.99) to model the absorption features of TNT in differential reflectivity spectra. We observed a blue shift in the pertinent absorption band with decreasing TNT concentration for all solvents. Moreover, using this technique, it was found that for all utilized solvents the concentration of TNT as well as of RDX, HMX, and tetryl, measured as a function of the transition wavelength of the ultra-violet absorption edge in differential reflectivity spectra shows three distinct regions. A model is presented to explain this behavior which is based on intermolecular hydrogen bonding of explosives molecules with themselves (or lack thereof) at different concentrations. Other intermolecular forces such as dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces and π-stacking contribute to slight variations in the resulting spectra, which were determined to be rather insignificant in comparison to hydrogen bonding. The results are aimed towards a better understanding of the DR spectra of explosives energetic materials. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Naringenin in the Fruit Bodies of Inonotus vaninii by Two-phase Acid Hydrolysis Followed by Reversed Phase-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-ultra Violet.

    PubMed

    Guohua, Xia; Pan, Ruirong; Bao, Rui; Ge, Yanru; Zhou, Cunshan; Shen, Yuping

    2017-01-01

    Sanghuang is one of mystical traditional Chinese medicines recorded earliest 2000 years ago, that included various fungi of Inonotus genus and was well-known for antitumor effect in modern medicine. Inonotus vaninii is grown in natural forest of Northeastern China merely and used as Sanghuang commercially, but it has no quality control specification until now. This study was to establish a rapid method of two-phase acid hydrolysis followed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (RP-HPLC-UV) to quantify naringenin in the fruit body of I. vaninii . Sample solution was prepared by pretreatment of raw material in two-phase acid hydrolysis and the hydrolysis technology was optimized. After reconstitution, analysis was performed using RP-HPLC-UV. The method validation was investigated and the naringenin content of sample and comparison were determined. The naringenin was obtained by two-phase acid hydrolysis method, namely, 10.0 g of raw material was hydrolyzed in 200 mL of 1% sulfuric acid aqueous solution (v/v) and 400 mL of chloroform in oil bath at 110°C for 2 h. Good linearity ( r = 0.9992) was achieved between concentration of analyte and peak area. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of precision was 2.47% and the RSD of naringenin contents for repeatability was 3.13%. The accuracy was supported with recoveries at 96.37%, 97.30%, and 99.31%. The sample solution prepared using the proposed method contained higher content of naringenin than conventional method and was stable for 8 h. Due to the high efficiency of sample preparation and high reliability of the HPLC method, it is feasible to use this method for routine analysis of naringenin in the fungus. A convenient two-phase acid hydrolysis was employed to produce naringenin from raw material, and then an efficient and reliable reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet method was established to monitor naringenin in the fruit bodies of Inonotus vaninii

  19. Earth limb views with greenish bands of airglow during STS-99

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-04-06

    STS099-356-026 (11-22 February 2000) ---Because of its time exposure, this STS-99 35mm frame provides a view of several stars. The thin greenish band above the horizon is airglow; radiation emitted by the atmosphere from a layer about 30 kilometers thick and about 100 kilometers altitude. The predominant emission in airglow is the green 5577-Angstrom wavelength emission from atomic oxygen atoms. Airglow is always and everywhere present in the atmosphere; it results from the recombination of molecules that have been broken apart by solar radiation during the day. But airglow is so faint that it can only be seen at night by looking "edge on" at the emission layer, such as the view astronauts have in orbit.

  20. Satellite-based observations of tsunami-induced mesosphere airglow perturbations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Yu-Ming; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Mlynczak, Martin G.; Mannucci, Anthony J.; Meng, Xing; Langley, Richard B.; Hunt, Linda A.

    2017-01-01

    Tsunami-induced airglow emission perturbations were retrieved by using space-based measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broad-band Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics spacecraft. At and after the time of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake on 11 March 2011, and the Chile earthquake on 16 September 2015, the spacecraft was performing scans over the Pacific Ocean. Significant ( 10% relative to the ambient emission profiles) and coherent nighttime airglow perturbations were observed in the mesosphere following Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broad-band Emission Radiometry limb scans intercepting tsunami-induced atmospheric gravity waves. Simulations of emission variations are consistent with the physical characteristics of the disturbances at the locations of the corresponding SABER scans. Airglow observations and model simulations suggest that atmospheric neutral density and temperature perturbations can lead to the observed amplitude variations and multipeak structures in the emission profiles. This is the first time that airglow emission rate perturbations associated with tsunamis have been detected with space-based measurements.

  1. Night airglow in RGB mode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mikhalev, Aleksandr; Podlesny, Stepan; Stoeva, Penka

    2016-09-01

    To study dynamics of the upper atmosphere, we consider results of the night sky photometry, using a color CCD camera and taking into account the night airglow and features of its spectral composition. We use night airglow observations for 2010-2015, which have been obtained at the ISTP SB RAS Geophysical Observatory (52° N, 103° E) by the camera with KODAK KAI-11002 CCD sensor. We estimate the average brightness of the night sky in R, G, B channels of the color camera for eastern Siberia with typical values ranging from ~0.008 to 0.01 erg*cm-2*s-1. Besides, we determine seasonal variations in the night sky luminosities in R, G, B channels of the color camera. In these channels, luminosities decrease in spring, increase in autumn, and have a pronounced summer maximum, which can be explained by scattered light and is associated with the location of the Geophysical Observatory. We consider geophysical phenomena with their optical effects in R, G, B channels of the color camera. For some geophysical phenomena (geomagnetic storms, sudden stratospheric warmings), we demonstrate the possibility of the quantitative relationship between enhanced signals in R and G channels and increases in intensities of discrete 557.7 and 630 nm emissions, which are predominant in the airglow spectrum.

  2. WINDII atmospheric wave airglow imaging

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Armstrong, W. T.; Hoppe, U.-P.; Solheim, B. H.; Shepherd, G. G.

    1996-01-01

    Preliminary WINDII nighttime airglow wave-imaging data in the UARS rolldown attitude has been analyzed with the goal to survey gravity waves near the upper boundary of the middle atmosphere. Wave analysis is performed on O[sub 2](0,0) emissions from a selected 1[sup 0] x 1[sup 0] oblique view of the airglow layer at approximately 95 km altitude, which has no direct earth background and only an atmospheric background which is optically thick for the 0[sub 2](0,0) emission. From a small data set, orbital imaging of atmospheric wave structures is demonstrated, with indication of large variations in wave activity across land and sea. Comparison ground-based imagery is discussed with respect to similarity of wave variations across land/sea boundaries and future orbital mosaic image construction.

  3. The effects of welding parameters on ultra-violet light emissions, ozone and CrVI formation in MIG welding.

    PubMed

    Dennis, J H; Mortazavi, S B; French, M J; Hewitt, P J; Redding, C R

    1997-01-01

    This paper describes the relationships between ultra-violet emission, ozone generation and CrVI production in MIG welding which were measured as a function of shield gas flow rate, welding voltage, electrode stick-out and shield gas composition using an automatic welding rig that permitted MIG welding under reproducible conditions. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the physico-chemical processes occurring in the micro- and macro-environments of the arc as part of research into process modification to reduce occupational exposure to ozone and CrVI production rates in MIG welding. We believe the techniques described here, and in particular the use of what we have termed u.v.-ozone measurements, will prove useful in further study of ozone generation and CrVI formation and may be applied in the investigation of engineering control of occupational exposure in MIG and other welding process such as Manual Metal Arc (MMA) and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG).

  4. Measuring SO2 ship emissions with an ultra-violet imaging camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prata, A. J.

    2013-11-01

    Over the last few years fast-sampling ultra-violet (UV) imaging cameras have been developed for use in measuring SO2 emissions from industrial sources (e.g. power plants; typical fluxes ~1-10 kg s-1) and natural sources (e.g. volcanoes; typical fluxes ~10-100 kg s-1). Generally, measurements have been made from sources rich in SO2 with high concentrations and fluxes. In this work, for the first time, a UV camera has been used to measure the much lower concentrations and fluxes of SO2 (typical fluxes ~0.01-0.1 kg s-1) in the plumes from moving and stationary ships. Some innovations and trade-offs have been made so that estimates of the fluxes and path concentrations can be retrieved in real-time. Field experiments were conducted at Kongsfjord in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, where emissions from cruise ships were made, and at the port of Rotterdam, Netherlands, measuring emissions from more than 10 different container and cargo ships. In all cases SO2 path concentrations could be estimated and fluxes determined by measuring ship plume speeds simultaneously using the camera, or by using surface wind speed data from an independent source. Accuracies were compromised in some cases because of the presence of particulates in some ship emissions and the restriction of single-filter UV imagery, a requirement for fast-sampling (>10 Hz) from a single camera. Typical accuracies ranged from 10-30% in path concentration and 10-40% in flux estimation. Despite the ease of use and ability to determine SO2 fluxes from the UV camera system, the limitation in accuracy and precision suggest that the system may only be used under rather ideal circumstances and that currently the technology needs further development to serve as a method to monitor ship emissions for regulatory purposes.

  5. Ultra-violet avalanche photodiode based on AlN/GaN periodically-stacked-structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Xingzhao; Zheng, Jiyuan; Wang, Lai; Brault, Julien; Matta, Samuel; Hao, Zhibiao; Sun, Changzheng; Xiong, Bing; Luo, Yi; Han, Yianjun; Wang, Jian; Li, Hongtao; Khalfioui, Mohamed A.; Li, Mo; Kang, Jianbin; Li, Qian

    2018-02-01

    The high-gain photomultiplier tube (PMT) is the most popular method to detect weak ultra-violet signals which attenuate quickly in atmosphere, although the vacuum tube makes it fragile and difficult to integrate. To overcome the disadvantage of PMT, an AlN/GaN periodically-stacked-structure (PSS) avalanche photodiode (APD) has been proposed, finally achieving good quality of high gain and low excessive noise. As there is a deep g valley only in the conduction band of both GaN and AlN, the electron transfers suffering less scattering and thus becomes easier to obtain the threshold of ionization impact. Because of unipolar ionization in the PSS APD, it works in linear mode. Four prototype devices of 5-period, 10-period, 15-period, and 20-period were fabricated to verify that the gain of APD increases exponentially with period number. And in 20-period device, a recorded high and stable gain of 104 was achieved under constant bias. In addition, it is proved both experimentally and theoretically, that temperature stability on gain is significantly improved in PSS APD. And it is found that the resonant enhancement in interfacial ionization may bring significant enhancement of electron ionization performance. To make further progress in PSS APD, the device structure is investigated by simulation. Both the gain and temperature stability are optimized alternatively by a proper design of periodical thickness and AlN layer occupancy.

  6. Vacuum ultra-violet damage and damage mitigation for plasma processing of highly porous organosilicate glass dielectrics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Marneffe, J.-F. de, E-mail: marneffe@imec.be; Lukaszewicz, M.; Porter, S. B.

    2015-10-07

    Porous organosilicate glass thin films, with k-value 2.0, were exposed to 147 nm vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) photons emitted in a Xenon capacitive coupled plasma discharge. Strong methyl bond depletion was observed, concomitant with a significant increase of the bulk dielectric constant. This indicates that, besides reactive radical diffusion, photons emitted during plasma processing do impede dielectric properties and therefore need to be tackled appropriately during patterning and integration. The detrimental effect of VUV irradiation can be partly suppressed by stuffing the low-k porous matrix with proper sacrificial polymers showing high VUV absorption together with good thermal and VUV stability. In addition,more » the choice of an appropriate hard-mask, showing high VUV absorption, can minimize VUV damage. Particular processing conditions allow to minimize the fluence of photons to the substrate and lead to negligible VUV damage. For patterned structures, in order to reduce VUV damage in the bulk and on feature sidewalls, the combination of both pore stuffing/material densification and absorbing hard-mask is recommended, and/or the use of low VUV-emitting plasma discharge.« less

  7. Aurora Australis, Spiked and Sinuous Red and Green Airglow

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1991-05-06

    STS039-342-026 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- This view of the Aurora Australis, or Southern Lights, shows a band of airglow above the limb of Earth. Photo experts at NASA studying the mission photography identify the airglow as being in the 80-120 kilometer altitude region and attribute its existence to atomic oxygen (wavelength of 5,577 Angstroms), although other atoms can also contribute. The atomic oxygen airglow is usually most intense at altitudes around 65 degrees north and south latitude, and is most intense in the spring and fall of the year. The aurora phenomena is due to atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen being excited by the particles from the Van Allen Radiation belts which extend between the two geomagnetic poles. The red and green rays appear to extend upward to 200-300 kilometers, much higher than the usual upper limits of about 110 kilometers.

  8. Nitrogen airglow sources - Comparison of Triton, Titan, and earth

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Strobel, Darrell F.; Meier, R. R.; Summers, Michael E.; Strickland, Douglas J.

    1991-01-01

    The individual contributions of direct solar excitation, photoelectron excitation, and magnetospheric electron excitation of Triton and Titan airglow observed by the Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) are quantified. The principal spectral features of Triton's airglow are shown to be consistent with precipitation of magnetospheric electrons with power dissipation about 500 million W. Solar excitation rates of the dominant N2 and N(+) emission features are factors of 2-7 weaker than magnetospheric electron excitation. On Titan, the calculated disk center and bright limb N(+) 1085 A intensities due to solar excitation agree with observed values, while the 970 A feature is mostly N21 c5 band emission. The calculated LBH intensity by photoelectrons suggests that magnetospheric electrons play a minor role in Titan's UV airglow. On earth, solar/photoelectron excitation explains the observed N(+) 1085 A and LBH intensites and accounts for only 40 percent of the N(+) 916 A intensity.

  9. Development of an Ultra-Violet Digital Camera for Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide Imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bluth, G. J.; Shannon, J. M.; Watson, I. M.; Prata, F. J.; Realmuto, V. J.

    2006-12-01

    In an effort to improve monitoring of passive volcano degassing, we have constructed and tested a digital camera for quantifying the sulfur dioxide (SO2) content of volcanic plumes. The camera utilizes a bandpass filter to collect photons in the ultra-violet (UV) region where SO2 selectively absorbs UV light. SO2 is quantified by imaging calibration cells of known SO2 concentrations. Images of volcanic SO2 plumes were collected at four active volcanoes with persistent passive degassing: Villarrica, located in Chile, and Santiaguito, Fuego, and Pacaya, located in Guatemala. Images were collected from distances ranging between 4 and 28 km away, with crisp detection up to approximately 16 km. Camera set-up time in the field ranges from 5-10 minutes and images can be recorded in as rapidly as 10-second intervals. Variable in-plume concentrations can be observed and accurate plume speeds (or rise rates) can readily be determined by tracing individual portions of the plume within sequential images. Initial fluxes computed from camera images require a correction for the effects of environmental light scattered into the field of view. At Fuego volcano, simultaneous measurements of corrected SO2 fluxes with the camera and a Correlation Spectrometer (COSPEC) agreed within 25 percent. Experiments at the other sites were equally encouraging, and demonstrated the camera's ability to detect SO2 under demanding meteorological conditions. This early work has shown great success in imaging SO2 plumes and offers promise for volcano monitoring due to its rapid deployment and data processing capabilities, relatively low cost, and improved interpretation afforded by synoptic plume coverage from a range of distances.

  10. Near-infrared oxygen airglow from the Venus nightside

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crisp, D.; Meadows, V. S.; Allen, D. A.; Bezard, B.; Debergh, C.; Maillard, J.-P.

    1992-01-01

    Groundbased imaging and spectroscopic observations of Venus reveal intense near-infrared oxygen airglow emission from the upper atmosphere and provide new constraints on the oxygen photochemistry and dynamics near the mesopause (approximately 100 km). Atomic oxygen is produced by the Photolysis of CO2 on the dayside of Venus. These atoms are transported by the general circulation, and eventually recombine to form molecular oxygen. Because this recombination reaction is exothermic, many of these molecules are created in an excited state known as O2(delta-1). The airglow is produced as these molecules emit a photon and return to their ground state. New imaging and spectroscopic observations acquired during the summer and fall of 1991 show unexpected spatial and temporal variations in the O2(delta-1) airglow. The implications of these observations for the composition and general circulation of the upper venusian atmosphere are not yet understood but they provide important new constraints on comprehensive dynamical and chemical models of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere of Venus.

  11. Ultra-violet absorption induced modifications in bulk and nanoscale electrical transport properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kumar, Mohit; Basu, Tanmoy; Som, Tapobrata, E-mail: tsom@iopb.res.in

    Using conductive atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we study local electrical transport properties in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al or AZO) thin films. Current mapping shows a spatial variation in conductivity which corroborates well with the local mapping of donor concentration (∼10{sup 20 }cm{sup −3}). In addition, a strong enhancement in the local current at grains is observed after exposing the film to ultra-violet (UV) light which is attributed to persistent photocurrent. Further, it is shown that UV absorption gives a smooth conduction in AZO film which in turn gives rise to an improvement in the bulk photoresponsivity ofmore » an n-AZO/p-Si heterojunction diode. This finding is in contrast to the belief that UV absorption in an AZO layer leads to an optical loss for the underneath absorbing layer of a heterojunction solar cell.« less

  12. Influences of CO2 increase, solar cycle variation, and geomagnetic activity on airglow from 1960 to 2015

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Tai-Yin

    2018-06-01

    Variations of airglow intensity, Volume Emission Rate (VER), and VER peak height induced by the CO2 increase, and by the F10.7 solar cycle variation and geomagnetic activity were investigated to quantitatively assess their influences on airglow. This study is an extension of a previous study by Huang (2016) covering a time period of 55 years from 1960 to 2015 and includes geomagnetic variability. Two airglow models, OHCD-90 and MACD-90, are used to simulate the induced variations of O(1S) greenline, O2(0,1) atmospheric band, and OH(8,3) airglow for this study. Overall, our results demonstrate that airglow intensity and the peak VER variations of the three airglow emissions are strongly correlated, and in phase, with the F10.7 solar cycle variation. In addition, there is a linear trend, be it increasing or decreasing, existing in the airglow intensities and VERs due to the CO2 increase. On other hand, airglow VER peak heights are strongly correlated, and out of phase, with the Ap index variation of geomagnetic activity. The CO2 increase acts to lower the VER peak heights of OH(8,3) airglow and O(1S) greenline by 0.2 km in 55 years and it has no effect on the VER peak height of O2(0,1) atmospheric band.

  13. Effect of severe geomagnetic disturbances on the atomic oxygen airglow emissions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sunil Krishna, M.; Bag, T.

    2013-12-01

    The atomic oxygen greenline (557.7nm) and redline emission (630.0 nm) are the most readily observed and prominent lines in the nightglow. These emissions can be used as precursors for a variety of physical and chemical processes that occur in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. There are a multitude of effects of space weather on the Earth's atmosphere. The decay of ring current is a very important parameter which can induce variation in the densities of few important species in the atmosphere which are of airglow interest. The connection of variation of airglow emissions with the extreme space weather conditions is not very well established. In the present study, severe geomagnetic storms and their effect on the airglow emissions such as 557.7 nm and 630.0 nm emissions is studied. This study is primarily based on photochemical models with the necessary input obtained from a combination of experimental observations and empirical models. We have tried to understand the effect of severe space weather conditions on few very important airglow emissions in terms of volume emission rates, change in the peak emission height. Based on the variation an attempt has been made to understand the cause of the variation and further to link the variations in the ring current to the airglow chemistry. The study presents the results of calculations performed for the most severe geomagnetic storms occurred over the recent past because of variety of causes on Sun.

  14. A wearable pressure sensor based on ultra-violet/ozone microstructured carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane arrays for electronic skins.

    PubMed

    Yu, Guohui; Hu, Jingdong; Tan, Jianping; Gao, Yang; Lu, Yongfeng; Xuan, Fuzhen

    2018-03-16

    Pressure sensors with high performance (e.g., a broad pressure sensing range, high sensitivities, rapid response/relaxation speeds, temperature-stable sensing), as well as a cost-effective and highly efficient fabrication method are highly desired for electronic skins. In this research, a high-performance pressure sensor based on microstructured carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane arrays was fabricated using an ultra-violet/ozone (UV/O 3 ) microengineering technique. The UV/O 3 microengineering technique is controllable, cost-effective, and highly efficient since it is conducted at room temperature in an ambient environment. The pressure sensor offers a broad pressure sensing range (7 Pa-50 kPa), a sensitivity of ∼ -0.101 ± 0.005 kPa -1 (<1 kPa), a fast response/relaxation speed of ∼10 ms, a small dependence on temperature variation, and a good cycling stability (>5000 cycles), which is attributed to the UV/O 3 engineered microstructures that amplify and transfer external applied forces and rapidly store/release the energy during the PDMS deformation. The sensors developed show the capability to detect external forces and monitor human health conditions, promising for the potential applications in electronic skin.

  15. Reaction of photochemical resists used in screen printing under the influence of digitally modulated ultra violet light

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gmuender, T.

    2017-02-01

    Different chemical photo-reactive emulsions are used in screen printing for stencil production. Depending on the bandwidth, optical power and depth of field from the optical system, the reaction / exposure speed has a diverse value. In this paper, the emulsions get categorized and validated in a first step. After that a mathematical model gets developed and adapted due to heuristic experience to estimate the exposure speed under the influence of digitally modulated ultra violet (UV) light. The main intention is to use the technical specifications (intended wavelength, exposure time, distance to the stencil, electrical power, stencil configuration) in the emulsion data sheet primary written down with an uncertainty factor for the end user operating with large projector arc lamps and photo films. These five parameters are the inputs for a mathematical formula which gives as an output the exposure speed for the Computer to Screen (CTS) machine calculated for each emulsion / stencil setup. The importance of this work relies in the possibility to rate with just a few boundaries the performance and capacity of an exposure system used in screen printing instead of processing a long test series for each emulsion / stencil configuration.

  16. A wearable pressure sensor based on ultra-violet/ozone microstructured carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane arrays for electronic skins

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yu, Guohui; Hu, Jingdong; Tan, Jianping; Gao, Yang; Lu, Yongfeng; Xuan, Fuzhen

    2018-03-01

    Pressure sensors with high performance (e.g., a broad pressure sensing range, high sensitivities, rapid response/relaxation speeds, temperature-stable sensing), as well as a cost-effective and highly efficient fabrication method are highly desired for electronic skins. In this research, a high-performance pressure sensor based on microstructured carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane arrays was fabricated using an ultra-violet/ozone (UV/O3) microengineering technique. The UV/O3 microengineering technique is controllable, cost-effective, and highly efficient since it is conducted at room temperature in an ambient environment. The pressure sensor offers a broad pressure sensing range (7 Pa-50 kPa), a sensitivity of ˜ -0.101 ± 0.005 kPa-1 (<1 kPa), a fast response/relaxation speed of ˜10 ms, a small dependence on temperature variation, and a good cycling stability (>5000 cycles), which is attributed to the UV/O3 engineered microstructures that amplify and transfer external applied forces and rapidly store/release the energy during the PDMS deformation. The sensors developed show the capability to detect external forces and monitor human health conditions, promising for the potential applications in electronic skin.

  17. HF-enhanced 4278-Å airglow: evidence of accelerated ionosphere electrons?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fallen, C. T.; Watkins, B. J.

    2013-12-01

    We report calculations from a one-dimensional physics-based self-consistent ionosphere model (SCIM) demonstrating that HF-heating of F-region electrons can produce 4278-Å airglow enhancements comparable in magnitude to those reported during ionosphere HF modification experiments at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) observatory in Alaska. These artificial 'blue-line' emissions, also observed at the EISCAT ionosphere heating facility in Norway, have been attributed to arise solely from additional production of N2+ ions through impact ionization of N2 molecules by HF-accelerated electrons. Each N2+ ion produced by impact ionization or photoionization has a probability of being created in the N2+(1N) excited state, resulting in a blue-line emission from the allowed transition to its ground state. The ionization potential of N2 exceeds 18 eV, so enhanced impact ionization of N2 implies that significant electron acceleration processes occur in the HF-modified ionosphere. Further, because of the fast N2+ emission time, measurements of 4278-Å intensity during ionosphere HF modification experiments at HAARP have also been used to estimate artificial ionization rates. To the best of our knowledge, all observations of HF-enhanced blue-line emissions have been made during twilight conditions when resonant scattering of sunlight by N2+ ions is a significant source of 4278-Å airglow. Our model calculations show that F-region electron heating by powerful O-mode HF waves transmitted from HAARP is sufficient to increase N2+ ion densities above the shadow height through temperature-enhanced ambipolar diffusion and temperature-suppressed ion recombination. Resonant scattering from the modified sunlit region can cause a 10-20 R increase in 4278-Å airglow intensity, comparable in magnitude to artificial emissions measured during ionosphere HF-modification experiments. This thermally-induced artificial 4278-Å aurora occurs independently of any artificial

  18. Performance evaluation of low-cost airglow cameras for mesospheric gravity wave measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suzuki, S.; Shiokawa, K.

    2016-12-01

    Atmospheric gravity waves significantly contribute to the wind/thermal balances in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) through their vertical transport of horizontal momentum. It has been reported that the gravity wave momentum flux preferentially associated with the scale of the waves; the momentum fluxes of the waves with a horizontal scale of 10-100 km are particularly significant. Airglow imaging is a useful technique to observe two-dimensional structure of small-scale (<100 km) gravity waves in the MLT region and has been used to investigate global behaviour of the waves. Recent studies with simultaneous/multiple airglow cameras have derived spatial extent of the MLT waves. Such network imaging observations are advantageous to ever better understanding of coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere via gravity waves. In this study, we newly developed low-cost airglow cameras to enlarge the airglow imaging network. Each of the cameras has a fish-eye lens with a 185-deg field-of-view and equipped with a CCD video camera (WATEC WAT-910HX) ; the camera is small (W35.5 x H36.0 x D63.5 mm) and inexpensive, much more than the airglow camera used for the existing ground-based network (Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (OMTI) operated by Solar-Terrestrial Environmental Laboratory, Nagoya University), and has a CCD sensor with 768 x 494 pixels that is highly sensitive enough to detect the mesospheric OH airglow emission perturbations. In this presentation, we will report some results of performance evaluation of this camera made at Shigaraki (35-deg N, 136-deg E), Japan, where is one of the OMTI station. By summing 15-images (i.e., 1-min composition of the images) we recognised clear gravity wave patterns in the images with comparable quality to the OMTI's image. Outreach and educational activities based on this research will be also reported.

  19. Peak height of OH airglow derived from simultaneous observations a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a meteor radar

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yu, Tao; Zuo, Xiaomin; Xia, Chunliang; Li, Mingyuan; Huang, Cong; Mao, Tian; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Zhao, Biqiang; Liu, Libo

    2017-04-01

    A new method for estimating daily averaged peak height of the OH airglow layer from a ground-based meteor radar (MR) and a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is presented. The first results are derived from 4 year simultaneous measurements of winds by a MR and a FPI at two adjacent stations over center China and are compared with observations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument. The OH airglow peak heights, which are derived by using correlation analysis between winds of the FPI and MR, are found to generally peak at an altitude of 87 km and frequently varied between 80 km and 90 km day to day. In comparison with SABER OH 1.6 μm observations, reasonable similarity of airglow peak heights is found, and rapid day-to-day variations are also pronounced. Lomb-Scargle analysis is used to determine cycles of temporal variations of airglow peak heights, and there are obvious periodic variations both in our airglow peak heights and in the satellite observations. In addition to the annual, semiannual, monthly, and three monthly variations, the shorter time variations, e.g., day-to-day and several days' variations, are also conspicuous. The day-to-day variations of airglow height obviously could reduce observation accuracy and lead to some deviations in FPI measurements. These FPI wind deviations arising from airglow height variations are also estimated to be about 3-5 m/s from 2011 to 2015, with strong positive correlation with airglow peak height variation. More attention should be paid to the wind deviations associated with airglow height variation when using and interpreting winds measured by FPI.

  20. Activation of KGFR-Akt-mTOR-Nrf2 signaling protects human retinal pigment epithelium cells from Ultra-violet.

    PubMed

    Hu, Haitao; Hao, Lanxiang; Tang, Chunzhou; Zhu, Yunxi; Jiang, Qin; Yao, Jin

    2018-01-15

    Ultra-violet (UV) radiation causes oxidative injuries to human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. We tested the potential effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) against the process. KGF receptor (KGFR) is expressed in ARPE-19 cells and primary human RPE cells. Pre-treatment with KGF inhibited UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and RPE cell death. KGF activated nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in RPE cells, causing Nrf2 Ser-40 phosphorylation, stabilization and nuclear translocation as well as expression of Nrf2-dependent genes (HO1, NOQ1 and GCLC). Nrf2 knockdown (by targeted shRNAs) or S40T mutation almost reversed KGF-induced RPE cell protection against UV. Further studies demonstrated that KGF activated KGFR-Akt-mTORC1 signaling to mediate downstream Nrf2 activation. KGFR shRNA or Akt-mTORC1 inhibition not only blocked KGF-induced Nrf2 Ser-40 phosphorylation and activation, but also nullified KGF-mediated RPE cell protection against UV. We conclude that KGF-KGFR activates Akt-mTORC1 downstream Nrf2 signaling to protect RPE cells from UV radiation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. HF-induced airglow structure as a proxy for ionospheric irregularity detection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kendall, E. A.

    2013-12-01

    The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility allows scientists to test current theories of plasma physics to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms at work in the lower ionosphere. One powerful technique for diagnosing radio frequency interactions in the ionosphere is to use ground-based optical instrumentation. High-frequency (HF), heater-induced artificial airglow observations can be used to diagnose electron energies and distributions in the heated region, illuminate natural and/or artificially induced ionospheric irregularities, determine ExB plasma drifts, and measure quenching rates by neutral species. Artificial airglow is caused by HF-accelerated electrons colliding with various atmospheric constituents, which in turn emit a photon. The most common emissions are 630.0 nm O(1D), 557.7 nm O(1S), and 427.8 nm N2+(1NG). Because more photons will be emitted in regions of higher electron energization, it may be possible to use airglow imaging to map artificial field-aligned irregularities at a particular altitude range in the ionosphere. Since fairly wide field-of-view imagers are typically deployed in airglow campaigns, it is not well-known what meter-scale features exist in the artificial airglow emissions. Rocket data show that heater-induced electron density variations, or irregularities, consist of bundles of ~10-m-wide magnetic field-aligned filaments with a mean depletion depth of 6% [Kelley et al., 1995]. These bundles themselves constitute small-scale structures with widths of 1.5 to 6 km. Telescopic imaging provides high resolution spatial coverage of ionospheric irregularities and goes hand in hand with other observing techniques such as GPS scintillation, radar, and ionosonde. Since airglow observations can presumably image ionospheric irregularities (electron density variations), they can be used to determine the spatial scale variation, the fill factor, and the lifetime characteristics of

  2. Earth limb views with greenish bands of airglow during STS-99

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-04-06

    STS099-355-024 (11-22 February 2000) -- Two separate atmospheric optical phenomena appear in this 35mm photograph captured from the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The thin greenish band above the horizon is airglow; radiation emitted by the atmosphere from a layer about 30-kilometers thick and about 100-kilometers' altitude. The predominant emission in airglow is the green 5577-Angstrom wavelength emission from atomic oxygen atoms, which is also the predominant emission from the aurora. A yellow-orange color is also seen in airglow, which is the emission of the 5800-Angstrom wavelength from sodium atoms. Airglow is always present in the atmosphere; it results from the recombination of molecules that have been broken apart by solar radiation during the day. But airglow is so faint that it can only be seen at night by looking "edge on" at the emission layer, such as the view that astronauts have in Earth orbit. The other phenomenon in the photo appears to be a faint, diffuse red aurora. Red aurora occur from about 200 kilometers to as high as 500 kilometers altitude only in the auroral zones at polar latitudes. They are caused by the emission of 6300- Angstrom wavelength light from oxygen atoms that have been raised to a higher energy level (excited) by collisions with energetic electrons pouring down from the Earth's magnetosphere. The light is emitted when the atoms return to their original unexcited state. With the red light so faint in this picture, scientists are led to believe that the flux density of incoming electrons was small. Also, since there is no green aurora below the red, that indicates that the energy of the incoming electrons was low - higher energy electrons would penetrate deeper into the atmosphere where the green aurora is energized.

  3. On the importance of an atmospheric reference model: A case study on gravity wave-airglow interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amaro-Rivera, Yolián; Huang, Tai-Yin; Urbina, Julio

    2018-06-01

    The atmospheric reference model utilized in an airglow numerical study is important since airglow emissions depend on the number density of the light-emitting species. In this study, we employ 2-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent numerical models, Multiple Airglow Chemistry Dynamics (MACD) and OH Chemistry Dynamics (OHCD), that use the MSISE-90, NRLMSISE-00, and Garcia and Solomon (GS) model data as atmospheric reference models, to investigate gravity wave-induced airglow variations for the OH(8,3) airglow, O2(0,1) atmospheric band, and O(1S) greenline emissions in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region. Our results show that the OHCD-00 produces the largest wave-induced OH(8,3) airglow intensity variation (∼34%), followed by the OHCD-90 (∼30%), then by the OHCD (∼22%). For O(1S) greenline, the MACD produces the largest wave-induced variation (∼33%), followed by the MACD-90 (∼28%), then by MACD-00 (∼26%). As for O2(0,1) atmospheric band, the MACD produces the largest wave-induced variation (∼31%), followed by the MACD-90 and MACD-00 (∼29%). Our study illustrates the importance and the need for a good atmospheric reference model that can accurately represent the atmosphere.

  4. 16 years of airglow measurement with astronomical facilities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kausch, Wolfgang; Noll, Stefan; Kimeswenger, Stefan; Unterguggenberger, Stefanie; Jones, Amy; Proxauf, Bastian

    2017-04-01

    Observations taken with ground-based astronomical telescopes are affected by various airglow emission processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. This chemiluminescent emission can be used to investigate the physical state of the meso- and the thermosphere. By applying a modified approach of techniques originally developed to characterise and remove these features from the astronomical spectra, which are not primarily taken for airglow studies, these spectra are suitable for airglow research. For our studies, we currently use data from two observing sites on both hemispheres for our studies: The European Southern Observatory operates four 8m telescopes at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the Chilean Atacama desert (24.6°S, 70.4°W). The 2.5m Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope (SDSS) located in New Mexico/USA (32.8°N, 105.8°W) provides observations from the northern hemisphere. Each of these telescopes is equipped with several astronomical instruments. Among them are several spectrographs operating in the optical and near-IR regime with medium to high spectral resolution. Currently, we work on data from the following three spectrographs (1) UVES@VLT (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph): This instrument provides spectra in the wavelength regime from 0.3 to 1.1μm in small spectral ranges. Its high resolving power (up to R˜110 000) allows a detailed study of oxygen (OI@557nm, OI@630nm), sodium (NaD@589nm), nitrogen (NI@520nm), and many OH bands. UVES has been in operation since 1999 providing the longest time series. (2) X-Shooter@VLT: This spectrograph is unique as it provides the whole wavelength range from 0.3 to 2.5μm at once with medium resolving power (R˜3 300 to 18 000, depending on the setup). This enables us to study the dependency of optical and near-IR airglow processes simultaneously, e.g. the OH bands. In addition, weak airglow continuum emission, e.g. arising from FeO and NiO can be studied. In operation since 2009, the data cover half a

  5. Midnight latitude-altitude distribution of 630 nm airglow in the Asian sector measured with FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adachi, Toru; Yamaoka, Masashi; Yamamoto, Mamoru; Otsuka, Yuichi; Liu, Huixin; Hsiao, Chun-Chieh; Chen, Alfred B.; Hsu, Rue-Ron

    2010-09-01

    The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) payload on board the FORMOSAT-2 satellite carried out the first limb imaging observation of 630 nm airglow for the purpose of studying physical processes in the F region ionosphere. For a total of 14 nights in 2006-2008, ISUAL scanned the midnight latitude-altitude distribution of 630 nm airglow in the Asian sector. On two nights of relatively active conditions (ΣKp = 26, 30+) we found several bright airglow regions, which were highly variable each night in terms of luminosity and location. In relatively quiet conditions (ΣKp = 4-20) near May/June we found two bright regions which were stably located in the midlatitude region of 40°S-10°S (50°S-20°S magnetic latitude (MLAT)) and in the equatorial region of 0°-10°N (10°S-0° MLAT). On one of the quiet nights, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and CHAMP simultaneously measured the plasma density in the same region where ISUAL observed airglow. The plasma density data generally show good agreement, suggesting that plasma enhancements were the primary source of these two bright airglow regions. From detailed comparison with past studies we explain that the airglow in the equatorial region was due to the midnight brightness wave produced in association with the midnight temperature maximum, while that in the midlatitude region was due to the typical plasma distribution usually formed in the midnight sector. The fact that the equatorial airglow was much brighter than the midlatitude airglow and was observed on most nights during the campaign period strongly suggests the importance of further studies on the MTM/MBW phenomenology, which is not well reproduced in the current general circulation model.

  6. Night Airglow Observations from Orbiting Spacecraft Compared with Measurements from Rockets.

    PubMed

    Koomen, M J; Gulledge, I S; Packer, D M; Tousey, R

    1963-06-07

    A luminous band around the night-time horizon, observed from orbiting capsules by J. H. Glenn and M. S. Carpenter, and identified as the horizon enhancement of the night airglow, is detected regularly in rocket-borne studies of night airglow. Values of luminance and dip angle of this band derived from Carpenter's observations agree remarkably well with values obtained from rocket data. The rocket results, however, do not support Carpenter's observation that the emission which he saw was largely the atomic oxygen line at 5577 A, but assign the principal luminosity to the green continuum.

  7. Simultaneous quantification of voriconazole and posaconazole in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection.

    PubMed

    Chhun, Stéphanie; Rey, Elisabeth; Tran, Agnes; Lortholary, Olivier; Pons, Gérard; Jullien, Vincent

    2007-06-01

    A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultra-violet detection has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of posaconazole and voriconazole, two systemic anti-fungal agents. An internal standard diazepam was added to 100 microL of human plasma followed by 3 mL of hexane-methylene chloride (70:30, v/v). The organic layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue was reconstituted with 100 microL of mobile phase before being injected in the chromatographic system. The compounds were separated on a C8 column using sodium potassium phosphate buffer (0.04 M, pH 6.0): acetonitrile:ultrapure water (45:52.5:2.5, v/v/v) as mobile phase. All compounds were detected at a wavelength of 255 nm. The assay was linear and validated over the range 0.2-10.0 mg/L for voriconazole and 0.05-10.0 mg/L for posaconazole. The biases were comprised between -3 and 5% for voriconazole and -2 and 8% for posaconazole. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were lower than 8% for the routine quality control (QC). The mean recovery was 98% for voriconazole and 108% for posaconazole. This method provides a useful tool for therapeutic drug monitoring.

  8. Results from the IMP-J violet solar cell experiment and violet cell balloon flights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gaddy, E. M.

    1976-01-01

    The IMP-J violet solar cell experiment was flown in an orbit with mild thermal cycling and low hard particle radiation. The results of the experiment show that violet cells degrade at about the same rate as conventional cells in such an orbit. Balloon flight measurements show that violet solar cells produce approximately 20% more power than conventional cells.

  9. Visible Airglow Experiment data analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Abreu, Vincent J.

    1990-01-01

    The Visible Airglow Experiment (VAE) was designed to provide detailed profiles of the distribution of excited states of atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere. The studies supported during the funding period (1983 - 1989) have made significant contributions in the area of thermospheric aeronomy, and the progress during the first four years of this period has been reviewed by Hays et al. (1988). The investigations carried out have resulted in more than 20 publications, and these are summarized.

  10. WINDII airglow observations of wave superposition and the possible association with historical "bright nights"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shepherd, G. G.; Cho, Y.-M.

    2017-07-01

    Longitudinal variations of airglow emission rate are prominent in all midlatitude nighttime O(1S) lower thermospheric data obtained with the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The pattern generally appears as a combination of zonal waves 1, 2, 3, and 4 whose phases propagate at different rates. Sudden localized enhancements of 2 to 4 days duration are sometimes evident, reaching vertically integrated emission rates of 400 R, a factor of 10 higher than minimum values for the same day. These are found to occur when the four wave components come into the same phase at one longitude. It is shown that these highly localized longitudinal maxima are consistent with the historical phenomena known as "bright nights" in which the surroundings of human dark night observers were seen to be illuminated by this enhanced airglow.Plain Language SummaryFor centuries, going back to the Roman era, people have recorded experiences of brightened skies during the night, called "bright nights." Currently, scientists study <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, an emission of light from the high atmosphere, 100 km above us. Satellite observations of a green <span class="hlt">airglow</span> have shown that it consists of waves 1, 2, 3, and 4 around the earth. It happens that when the peaks of the different waves coincide there is an <span class="hlt">airglow</span> brightening, and this article demonstrates that this event produces a bright night. The modern data are shown to be entirely consistent with the historical observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770008548','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770008548"><span>Results from the IMP-J <span class="hlt">violet</span> solar cell experiment and <span class="hlt">violet</span> cell balloon flights</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gaddy, E. M.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-J <span class="hlt">violet</span> solar cell experiment was flown in an orbit with mild thermal cycling and low hard-particle radiation. The results of the experiment show that <span class="hlt">violet</span> cells degrade at about the same rate as conventional cells in such an orbit. Balloon flight measurements show that <span class="hlt">violet</span> solar cells produce approximately 20% more power than conventional cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940022877','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940022877"><span>Solar and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements aboard the two suborbital flights NASA 36.098 and 36.107</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Woods, Thomas N.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>This suborbital program, involving the University of Colorado (CU), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), University of California at Berkeley (UCB), and Boston University (BU), has resulted in two rocket flights from the White Sands Missile Range, one in 1992 and one in 1993 as NASA 36.098 and 36.107 respectively. The rocket payload includes five solar instruments and one <span class="hlt">airglow</span> instrument from CU/NCAR and one solar instrument and two <span class="hlt">airglow</span> instruments from UCB/BU. This report discusses results on solar radiation measurements and the study of thermospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, namely the photoelectron excited emissions from N2 and O, for the CU/NCAR program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3162543','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3162543"><span>Is <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> radiation the main force shaping molecular evolution of varicella-zoster virus?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Varicella (chickenpox) exhibits a characteristic epidemiological pattern which is associated with climate. In general, primary infections in tropical regions are comparatively less frequent among children than in temperate regions. This peculiarity regarding varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection among certain age groups in tropical regions results in increased susceptibility during adulthood in these regions. Moreover, this disease shows a cyclic behavior in which the number of cases increases significantly during winter and spring. This observation further supports the participation of environmental factors in global epidemiology of chickenpox. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this distinctive disease behavior are not understood completely. In a recent publication, Philip S. Rice has put forward an interesting hypothesis suggesting that <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (UV) radiation is the major environmental factor driving the molecular evolution of VZV. Discussion While we welcomed the attempt to explain the mechanisms controlling VZV transmission and distribution, we argue that Rice's hypothesis takes lightly the circulation of the so called "temperate VZV genotypes" in tropical regions and, to certain degree, overlooks the predominance of such lineages in certain non-temperate areas. Here, we further discuss and present new information about the overwhelming dominance of temperate VZV genotypes in Mexico regardless of geographical location and climate. Summary UV radiation does not satisfactorily explain the distribution of VZV genotypes in different tropical and temperate regions of Mexico. Additionally, the cyclic behavior of varicella does not shown significant differences between regions with different climates in the country. More studies should be conducted to identify the factors directly involved in viral spreading. A better understanding of the modes of transmissions exploited by VZV and their effect on viral fitness is likely to facilitate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JASTP..78...62T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JASTP..78...62T"><span>Simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements of middle atmospheric waves over low latitudes in India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taori, A.; Kamalakar, V.; Raghunath, K.; Rao, S. V. B.; Russell, J. M.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>We utilize simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and mesospheric OH and O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements to identify the dominant and propagating waves within 40-95 km altitude regions over a low latitude station Gadanki (13.8° N, 79.2 °E). It is found that waves with 0.4-0.6 h periodicity are common throughout the altitude range of 40-95 km with significant amplitudes. The ground based temperature measurements with lidar and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> monitoring are found to compare well with SABER data. With simultaneous Rayleigh lidar (temperature) and mesospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> (emission intensity and temperature) measurements, we estimate the amplitude growth and Krassovsky parameters to characterize the propagation and dissipation of these upward propagating waves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9910E..1BR','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9910E..1BR"><span>Measurements of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> on Maunakea at Gemini Observatory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roth, Katherine C.; Smith, Adam; Stephens, Andrew; Smirnova, Olesja</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Gemini Observatory on Maunakea has been collecting optical and infrared science data for almost 15 years. We have begun a program to analyze imaging data from two of the original facility instruments, GMOS and NIRI, in order to measure sky brightness levels in multiple infrared and optical broad-band filters. The present work includes data from mid-2016 back through late-2008. We present measured background levels as a function of several operational quantities (e.g. moon phase, hours from twilight, season). We find that <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is a significant contributor to background levels in several filters. Gemini is primarily a queue scheduled telescope, with observations being optimally executed in order to provide the most efficient use of telescope time. We find that while most parameters are well-understood, the atmospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> remains challenging to predict. This makes it difficult to schedule observations which require dark skies in these filters, and we suggest improvements to ensure data quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850029402&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850029402&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>Rocket observations of the ultraviolet <span class="hlt">airglow</span> during morning twilight</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cebula, R. P.; Feldman, P. D.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Rocket-borne (Astrobee) UV measurements were made of the terrestrial <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at morning twilight from 82 and 90 deg zenith angles at altitudes of 90 and 246 km in September 1979. Data were acquired on the NO gamma and delta bands, the 2470 A O II, 1356 A and the 1304 A O I lines, the Lyman-Berge-Hopfield N2 and the Herzberg 02 lines. The zodiacal contribution was substracted to obtain pure <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data. Spectral analyses supported a larger nighttime decrease of N(4S) than for NO, the latter being in diffusive equilibrium above 190 km altitude. The NO gamma band was directly related to the thermospheric N(4S) contribution, the latter having a density of 2-8 million/cu cm at 200 km. Finally, self-consistent photoionization and photoelectron impact ionization models were derived for the atomic and ionic oxygen emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003090&hterms=plasma&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dplasma','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003090&hterms=plasma&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dplasma"><span>Hemispheric Asymmetry in Transition from Equatorial Plasma Bubble to Blob as Deduced from 630.0 nm <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observations at Low Latitudes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Park, Jaeheung; Martinis, Carlos R.; Luehr, Hermann; Pfaff, Robert F.; Kwak, Young-Sil</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Transitions from depletions to enhancements of 630.0 nm nighttime <span class="hlt">airglow</span> have been observed at Arecibo. Numerical simulations by Krall et al. (2009) predicted that they should occur only in one hemisphere, which has not yet been confirmed observationally. In this study we investigate the hemispheric conjugacy of the depletion-to-enhancement transition using multiple instruments. We focus on one event observed in the American longitude sector on 22 December 2014: 630.0 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> depletions evolved into enhancements in the Northern Hemisphere while the evolution did not occur in the conjugate location in the Southern Hemisphere. Concurrent plasma density measured by low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and 777.4 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images support that the depletions and enhancements of 630.0 nm night time <span class="hlt">airglow</span> reflect plasma density decreases and increases (blobs), respectively. Characteristics of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> depletions, in the context of the LEO satellite data, further suggest that the plasma density depletion deduced from the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data represents equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) rather than medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances from midlatitudes. Hence, the event in this study can be interpreted as EPB-to-blob transition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRA..123.2168L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRA..123.2168L"><span>First OH <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observation of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Over European Russia Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Qinzeng; Yusupov, Kamil; Akchurin, Adel; Yuan, Wei; Liu, Xiao; Xu, Jiyao</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>For the first time, we perform a study of mesospheric gravity waves (GWs) for four different seasons of 1 year in the latitudinal band from 45°N to 75°N using an OH all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager over Kazan (55.8°N, 49.2°E), Russia, during the period of August 2015 to July 2016. Our observational study fills a huge <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging observation gap in Europe and Russia region. In total, 125 GW events and 28 ripple events were determined by OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images in 98 clear nights. The observed GWs showed a strong preference of propagation toward northeast in all seasons, which was significantly different from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager observations at other latitudes that the propagation directions were seasonal dependent. The middle atmosphere wind field is used to explain the lack of low phase speed GWs since these GWs were falling into the blocking region due to the filtering effects. Deep tropospheric convections derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data are determined near Caucasus Mountains region, which suggests that the convections are the dominant source of the GWs in spring, summer, and autumn seasons. This finding extends our knowledge that convection might also be an important source of GWs in the higher latitudes. In winter the generation mechanism of the GWs are considered to be jet stream systems. In addition, the occurrence frequency of ripple is much lower than other stations. This study provides some constraints on the range of GW parameters in GW parameterization in general circulation models in Europe and Russia region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039827','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039827"><span>Specific <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> absorbance as an indicator measurement of merucry sources in an Adirondack River basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Burns, Douglas A.; Aiken, George R.; Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.; Schelker, Jakob</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The Adirondack region of New York has been identified as a hot spot where high methylmercury concentrations are found in surface waters and biota, yet mercury (Hg) concentrations vary widely in this region. We collected stream and groundwater samples for Hg and organic carbon analyses across the upper Hudson River, a 493 km2 basin in the central Adirondacks to evaluate and model the sources of variation in filtered total Hg (FTHg) concentrations. Variability in FTHg concentrations during the growing seasons (May-Oct) of 2007-2009 in Fishing Brook, a 66-km2 sub-basin, was better explained by specific <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), a measure of organic carbon aromaticity, than by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, a commonly used Hg indicator. SUVA254 was a stronger predictor of FTHg concentrations during the growing season than during the dormant season. Multiple linear regression models that included SUVA254 values and DOC concentrations could explain 75 % of the variation in FTHg concentrations on an annual basis and 84 % during the growing season. A multiple linear regression landscape modeling approach applied to 27 synoptic sites across the upper Hudson basin found that higher SUVA254 values are associated with gentler slopes, and greater riparian area, and lower SUVA254 values are associated with an increasing influence of open water. We hypothesize that the strong Hg?SUVA254 relation in this basin reflects distinct patterns of FTHg and SUVA254 that are characteristic of source areas that control the mobilization of Hg to surface waters, and that the seasonal influence of these source areas varies in this heterogeneous basin landscape.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810043952&hterms=Abreu&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DAbreu%252C%2Bc.','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810043952&hterms=Abreu&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DAbreu%252C%2Bc."><span>The O II /7320-7330 A/ <span class="hlt">airglow</span> - A morphological study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yee, J. H.; Abreu, V. J.; Hays, P. B.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>A statistical study of the 7320-30 A <span class="hlt">airglow</span> arising from the metastable transition between aP and aD states of atomic oxygen ions was conducted by analyzing the data taken from the visible <span class="hlt">airglow</span> experiment on the Atmosphere Explorer satellites C and E during the time periods between 1974 and 1979. Averaged column emission rate profiles as a function of solar zenith angle and solar activity variation are presented. The galactic background has been carefully subtracted. The result shows that the rate of decreasing emission as a function of solar zenith angle agrees with the theoretical calculation based upon a neutral atmosphere model and the solar spectrum as measured by the EUV spectrometer on the Atmosphere Explorer satellite. Furthermore, an expected increase with solar activity also appeared in a plot of emission brightness versus solar 10.7-cm flux.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850067068&hterms=ionospheric+modification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dionospheric%2Bmodification','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850067068&hterms=ionospheric+modification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dionospheric%2Bmodification"><span>Simulations and observations of plasma depletion, ion composition, and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions in two auroral ionospheric depletion experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yau, A. W.; Whalen, B. A.; Harris, F. R.; Gattinger, R. L.; Pongratz, M. B.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>Observations of plasma depletion, ion composition modification, and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions in the Waterhole experiments are presented. The detailed ion chemistry and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission processes related to the ionospheric hole formation in the experiment are examined, and observations are compared with computer simulation results. The latter indicate that the overall depletion rates in different parts of the depletion region are governed by different parameters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2775 - Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span> is a <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment obtained by reacting phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and manganese dioxide at temperatures above 450 °F. The pigment is a manganese ammonium...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13380K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA....13380K"><span>OH line selection for nadir <span class="hlt">airglow</span> gravity wave imaging in the auroral zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumer, J. B.; Hecht, J.; Geballe, T. R.; Mergenthaler, J. L.; Rinaldi, M.; Claflin, E. S.; Swenson, G. R.</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p>For satellite borne nadir OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> wave imaging in the auroral zone the observed lines must be strong enough to give good signal to noise, coincident with strong atmospheric absorption lines to suppress structure in the image due to reflection of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and moonlight from tops of clouds and from high altitude terrain, and in a spectral region coincident with relatively weak aurora that its contribution to the observed structure can be corrected by data obtained in a guard band containing relatively strong auroral emission, and relatively weak, or no <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> spectra observed from high altitude, in our case Mauna Kea by the UKIRT CGS4 grating instrument, (see website http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/JACpublic/UKIRT/instruments/cgs4/maunakea/ohlines.html) provide an opportunity to identify lines that ARE NOT observed at that high altitude. These are most absorbed in the earths atmosphere. These occur in the regions near 1400 and 1900 nm of strong water vapor absorption. Our preliminary determination is that the 7-5 p1(2) line at 1899.01 nm and the p1(3) at 1911.41 nm are the best candidates. These are missing in the observed spectra, and this is confirmed by running FASCODE transmission calculations from top of Mauna Kea to space at .01 cm-1 resolution. Similar calculations for conditions at which the high resolution Kitt peak atlas data were taken confirmed the calculations. OH line positions and relative strengths within the band were derived from the HITRAN data base, and transmitted lines in the 7-5 band were used to determine the strength of these lines. Each are the order 10 kR, and are about four to six times brighter than atmospheric absorbed candidate lines in the 1400 nm region. Also, the aurora in the 1900nm region is considerably weaker than in the 1400nm region. In fact the region 1351 to 1358 contains relatively strong aurora, and practically no <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, and is candidate for an instrumental auroral guard band. The nadir imaging instrument which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.7670H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.7670H"><span>Global distribution of the He+ column density observed by Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Imager on the International Space Station</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hozumi, Yuta; Saito, Akinori; Yoshikawa, Ichiro; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Murakami, Go; Yoshioka, Kazuo; Chen, Chia-Hung</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The global distribution of He+ in the topside ionosphere was investigated using data of the He+ resonant scattering emission at 30.4 nm obtained by the Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Imager (EUVI) onboard the International Space Station. The optical observation by EUVI from the low-Earth orbit provides He+ column density data above the altitude of 400 km, presenting a unique opportunity to study the He+ distribution with a different perspective from that of past studies using data from in situ measurements. We analyzed data taken in 2013 and elucidated, for the first time, the seasonal, longitudinal, and latitudinal variations of the He+ column density in the dusk sector. It was found that the He+ column density in the winter hemisphere was about twice that in the summer hemisphere. In the December solstice season, the magnitude of this hemispheric asymmetry was large (small) in the longitudinal sector where the geomagnetic declination is eastward (westward). In the June solstice season, this relationship between the He+ distribution and the geomagnetic declination is reversed. In the equinox seasons, the He+ column densities in the two hemispheres are comparable at most longitudes. The seasonal and longitudinal dependence of the hemispheric asymmetry of the He+ distribution was attributed to the geomagnetic meridional neutral wind in the F region ionosphere. The neutral wind effect on the He+ distribution was examined with an empirical neutral wind model, and it was confirmed that the transport of ions in the topside ionosphere is predominantly affected by the F region neutral wind and the geomagnetic configuration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990069911&hterms=quantitative+data+analysis&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dquantitative%2Bdata%2Banalysis','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990069911&hterms=quantitative+data+analysis&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dquantitative%2Bdata%2Banalysis"><span>Issues in Quantitative Analysis of Ultraviolet Imager (UV) Data: <span class="hlt">Airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Germany, G. A.; Richards, P. G.; Spann, J. F.; Brittnacher, M. J.; Parks, G. K.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The GGS Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) has proven to be especially valuable in correlative substorm, auroral morphology, and extended statistical studies of the auroral regions. Such studies are based on knowledge of the location, spatial, and temporal behavior of auroral emissions. More quantitative studies, based on absolute radiometric intensities from UVI images, require a more intimate knowledge of the instrument behavior and data processing requirements and are inherently more difficult than studies based on relative knowledge of the oval location. In this study, UVI <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations are analyzed and compared with model predictions to illustrate issues that arise in quantitative analysis of UVI images. These issues include instrument calibration, long term changes in sensitivity, and imager flat field response as well as proper background correction. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> emissions are chosen for this study because of their relatively straightforward modeling requirements and because of their implications for thermospheric compositional studies. The analysis issues discussed here, however, are identical to those faced in quantitative auroral studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740051042&hterms=1079&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231079','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740051042&hterms=1079&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231079"><span>Correlation of 1.65 and 2.15 micron <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kieffaber, L. M.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The intense infrared <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is due primarily to vibration-rotation bands of the OH molecule. This <span class="hlt">airglow</span> has been observed with a 24-in. scanning photometer at two wavelengths. Narrow-band interference filters are used to limit observations to the (9,7) band at 2.15 microns and the (4,2) and (5,3) bands at 1.65 microns. If OH emission results from creation of the excited OH molecule in the v = 9 vibrational state and subsequent cascading through lower vibrational levels, the 1.65 and 2.15 micron radiation will be well correlated in space and time. However, if several mechanisms are involved in producing OH in a variety of initial excitation levels, there is no reason to expect good correlation. Sky maps obtained simultaneously at 1.65 and 2.15 microns show strongly correlated intensity fluctuations. Quantitative analysis of these maps and other investigations of smaller areas of the sky yield correlation coefficients typically in excess of 0.8.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AMT....10.3093F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AMT....10.3093F"><span>Optimizing hydroxyl <span class="hlt">airglow</span> retrievals from long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Franzen, Christoph; Hibbins, Robert Edward; Espy, Patrick Joseph; Djupvik, Anlaug Amanda</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Astronomical spectroscopic observations from ground-based telescopes contain background emission lines from the terrestrial atmosphere's <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. In the near infrared, this background is composed mainly of emission from Meinel bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is produced in highly excited vibrational states by reduction of ozone near 90 km. This emission contains a wealth of information on the chemical and dynamical state of the Earth's atmosphere. However, observation strategies and data reduction processes are usually optimized to minimize the influence of these features on the astronomical spectrum. Here we discuss a measurement technique to optimize the extraction of the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> signal itself from routine J-, H-, and K-band long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations. As an example, we use data recorded from a point-source observation by the Nordic Optical Telescope's intermediate-resolution spectrograph, which has a spatial resolution of approximately 100 m at the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer. Emission spectra from the OH vibrational manifold from v' = 9 down to v' = 3, with signal-to-noise ratios up to 280, have been extracted from 10.8 s integrations. Rotational temperatures representative of the background atmospheric temperature near 90 km, the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region, can be fitted to the OH rotational lines with an accuracy of around 0.7 K. Using this measurement and analysis technique, we derive a rotational temperature distribution with v' that agrees with atmospheric model conditions and the preponderance of previous work. We discuss the derived rotational temperatures from the different vibrational bands and highlight the potential for both the archived and future observations, which are at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions, to contribute toward the resolution of long-standing problems in atmospheric physics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApNan.tmp..142Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApNan.tmp..142Z"><span>Enhanced photocatalytic performance of CeO2-TiO2 nanocomposite for degradation of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye and industrial waste effluent</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zahoor, Mehvish; Arshad, Amara; Khan, Yaqoob; Iqbal, Mazhar; Bajwa, Sadia Zafar; Soomro, Razium Ali; Ahmad, Ishaq; Butt, Faheem K.; Iqbal, M. Zubair; Wu, Aiguo; Khan, Waheed S.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study presents the synthesis of CeO2-TiO2 nanocomposite and its potential application for the visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of model crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye as well as real industrial waste water. The ceria-titania (CeO2-TiO2) nanocomposite material was synthesised using facile hydrothermal route without the assistance of any template molecule. As-prepared composite was characterised by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS for surface features, morphological and crystalline characters. The formed nanostructures were determined to possess crystal-like geometrical shape and average size less than 100 nm. The as-synthesised nanocomposite was further investigated for their heterogeneous photocatalytic potential against the oxidative degradation of CV dye taken as model pollutant. The photo-catalytic performance of the as-synthesised material was evaluated both under <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> as well as visible light. Best photocatalytic performance was achieved under visible light with complete degradation (100%) exhibited within 60 min of irradiation time. The kinetics of the photocatalytic process were also considered and the reaction rate constant for CeO2-TiO2 nanocomposite was determined to be 0.0125 and 0.0662 min-1 for <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> and visible region, respectively. In addition, the as-synthesised nanocomposite demonstrated promising results when considered for the photo-catalytic degradation of coloured industrial waste water collected from local textile industry situated in Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Enhanced photo-catalytic performance of CeO2-TiO2 nanocomposite was proposed owing to heterostructure formation leading to reduced electron-hole recombination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9880E..1EB','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9880E..1EB"><span>Enhanced 630nm equatorial <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission observed by Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager (LiVHySI) onboard YOUTHSAT-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bisht, R. S.; Thapa, N.; Babu, P. N.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The Earth's <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer, when observed in the limb view mode, appears to be a double layer. LiVHySI onboard YOUTHSAT (inclination 98.730, apogee 817 km, launched by Indian Space Research Organization in April, 2011) is an Earth's limb viewing camera measuring <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions in the spectral window of 550-900 nm. Total altitude coverage is about 500 km with command selectable lowest altitude. During few of the orbits we have observed the double layer structure and obtained absolute spectral intensity and altitude profile for 630 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission. Our night time observations of upper atmosphere above dip equator carried out on 3rd May, 2011 show a prominent 630 nm double layer structure. The upper <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer consists of the 630 nm atomic oxygen O(1D) emission line and lower layer consists of OH(9-3) meinel band emission at 630 nm. The volume emission rate as a function of altitude is simulated for our observational epoch and the modeled limb intensity distribution is compared with the observations. The observations are in good agreement with the simulated intensity distribution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8423K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8423K"><span>Investigating the Concept of Using <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Measurements to Detect Seismicity on Venus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kenda, Balthasar; Lognonné, Philippe; Komjathy, Attila; Banerdt, Bruce; Cutts, Jim; Soret, Lauriane; Jackson, Jennifer</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The internal structure and dynamics of Venus are poorly constrained by observations. Seismology is among the best candidates for probing the interior of the planet, and it would also provide indispensable information about the present-day tectonic activity of Venus. However, due to the extreme surface temperatures, a long-duration seismic station seems to be beyond the technical capabilities achievable today. Nonetheless, the thick and dense atmosphere, which strongly couples with the ground, gives rise to the attractive option of detecting seismic waves from quakes within the atmosphere itself (Garcia et al., 2005, Lognonné and Johnson, 2007, 2015) using in-situ or remote-sensing measurements (Cutts et al., 2015). Here, we consider the bright <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission of O2 at 1.27 μm on the nightside of Venus and we model the intensity fluctuations induced by Venus quakes. Synthetic seismograms in the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer, at 90-120 km altitude, are computed using normal-mode summation for a fully coupled solid planet-atmosphere system, including the effects of molecular relaxation of CO2 and a radiative boundary condition at the top of the atmosphere (Lognonné et al., 2016). The corresponding variations in the volumetric emission rate, calculated for realistic background intensities of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> (Soret et al., 2012), are then vertically integrated to reproduce the signals that would be seen from orbit. The noise level of existing <span class="hlt">airglow</span> cameras suggests that the Rayleigh waves generated by quakes of magnitude 5 and above occurring on the nightside of the planet may be detectable up to about 60° in epicentral distance. A significant advantage of this technique is that a single orbiting camera may be sufficient to serve the role of a seismic network. By identifying and tracking the waves it is indeed possible to locate the source, estimate the magnitude and measure the horizontal surface-wave propagation velocities on Venus. In particular, it is expected that this would</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JASTP.171..269L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JASTP.171..269L"><span>Detection of large-scale concentric gravity waves from a Chinese <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lai, Chang; Yue, Jia; Xu, Jiyao; Yuan, Wei; Li, Qinzeng; Liu, Xiao</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Concentric gravity waves (CGWs) contain a broad spectrum of horizontal wavelengths and periods due to their instantaneous localized sources (e.g., deep convection, volcanic eruptions, or earthquake, etc.). However, it is difficult to observe large-scale gravity waves of >100 km wavelength from the ground for the limited field of view of a single camera and local bad weather. Previously, complete large-scale CGW imagery could only be captured by satellite observations. In the present study, we developed a novel method that uses assembling separate images and applying low-pass filtering to obtain temporal and spatial information about complete large-scale CGWs from a network of all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imagers. Coordinated observations from five all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imagers in Northern China were assembled and processed to study large-scale CGWs over a wide area (1800 km × 1 400 km), focusing on the same two CGW events as Xu et al. (2015). Our algorithms yielded images of large-scale CGWs by filtering out the small-scale CGWs. The wavelengths, wave speeds, and periods of CGWs were measured from a sequence of consecutive assembled images. Overall, the assembling and low-pass filtering algorithms can expand the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager network to its full capacity regarding the detection of large-scale gravity waves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.P54A..09S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.P54A..09S"><span>Pluto's Far Ultraviolet Spectrum and <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steffl, A.; Schindhelm, E.; Kammer, J.; Gladstone, R.; Greathouse, T. K.; Parker, J. W.; Strobel, D. F.; Summers, M. E.; Versteeg, M. H.; Ennico Smith, K.; Hinson, D. P.; Linscott, I.; Olkin, C.; Parker, A. H.; Retherford, K. D.; Singer, K. N.; Tsang, C.; Tyler, G. L.; Weaver, H. A., Jr.; Woods, W. W.; Young, L. A.; Stern, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Alice far ultraviolet spectrograph on the New Horizons spacecraft is the second in a family of six instruments in flight on, or under development for, NASA and ESA missions. Here, we present initial results from the Alice observations of Pluto during the historic flyby. Pluto's far ultraviolet spectrum is dominated by sunlight reflected from the surface with absorption by atmospehric constituents. We tentatively identify C2H2 and C2H4 in Pluto's atmosphere. We also present evidence for weak <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNH21C1828O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNH21C1828O"><span>Internal Gravity Wave Induced by the Queen Charlotte Event (27 October 2012, Mw 7.8): <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observation and Modeling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Occhipinti, G.; Bablet, A.; Makela, J. J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The detection of the tsunami related internal gravity waves (IGWtsuna) by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> camera has been recently validated by observation (Makela et al., 2011) and modeling (Occhipinti et al., 2011) in the case of the Tohoku event (11 March 2011, Mw 9.0). The <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is measuring the photon emission at 630 nm, indirectly linked to the plasma density of O2+ (Link & Cogger, 1988) and it is commonly used to detect transient event in the ionosphere (Kelley et al., 2002, Makela et al., 2009, Miller et al., 2009). The modeling of the IGWtsuna clearly reproduced the pattern of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurement observed over Hawaii and the comparison between the observation and the modeling allows to recognize the wave form and allow to explain the IGWtsuna arriving before the tsunami wavefront at the sea level (Occhipinti et al., 2011). Approaching the Hawaiian archipelagos the tsunami propagation is slowed down (reduction of the sea depth), instead, the IGWtsuna, propagating in the atmosphere/ionosphere, conserves its speed. In this work, we present the modeling of the new <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observation following the Queen Charlotte event (27 October 2012, Mw 7.8) that has been recently detected, proving that the technique can be generalized for smaller events. Additionally, the effect of the wind on the IGWtsuna, already evocated in the past, is included in the modeling to better reproduce the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations. All ref. here @ www.ipgp.fr/~ninto</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.7834S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.7834S"><span>Global modeling of thermospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> in the far ultraviolet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Solomon, Stanley C.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The Global <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> (GLOW) model has been updated and extended to calculate thermospheric emissions in the far ultraviolet, including sources from daytime photoelectron-driven processes, nighttime recombination radiation, and auroral excitation. It can be run using inputs from empirical models of the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere or from numerical general circulation models of the coupled ionosphere-thermosphere system. It uses a solar flux module, photoelectron generation routine, and the Nagy-Banks two-stream electron transport algorithm to simultaneously handle energetic electron distributions from photon and auroral electron sources. It contains an ion-neutral chemistry module that calculates excited and ionized species densities and the resulting <span class="hlt">airglow</span> volume emission rates. This paper describes the inputs, algorithms, and code structure of the model and demonstrates example outputs for daytime and auroral cases. Simulations of far ultraviolet emissions by the atomic oxygen doublet at 135.6 nm and the molecular nitrogen Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands, as viewed from geostationary orbit, are shown, and model calculations are compared to limb-scan observations by the Global Ultraviolet Imager on the TIMED satellite. The GLOW model code is provided to the community through an open-source academic research license.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22572132-warm-dark-matter-via-ultra-violet-freeze-reheating-temperature-non-thermal-distribution-fermionic-higgs-portal-dark-matter','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22572132-warm-dark-matter-via-ultra-violet-freeze-reheating-temperature-non-thermal-distribution-fermionic-higgs-portal-dark-matter"><span>Warm dark matter via <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> freeze-in: reheating temperature and non-thermal distribution for fermionic Higgs portal dark matter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McDonald, John</p> <p>2016-08-17</p> <p>Warm dark matter (WDM) of order keV mass may be able to resolve the disagreement between structure formation in cold dark matter simulations and observations. The detailed properties of WDM will depend upon its energy distribution, in particular how it deviates from the thermal distribution usually assumed in WDM simulations. Here we focus on WDM production via the <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (UV) freeze-in mechanism, for the case of fermionic Higgs portal dark matter ψ produced via the portal interaction ψ-barψH{sup †}H/Λ. We introduce a new method to simplify the computation of the non-thermal energy distribution of dark matter from freeze-in. We showmore » that the non-thermal energy distribution from UV freeze-in is hotter than the corresponding thermal distribution and has the form of a Bose-Einstein distribution with a non-thermal normalization. The resulting range of dark matter fermion mass consistent with observations is 5–7 keV. The reheating temperature must satisfy T{sub R}≳120 GeV in order to account for the observed dark matter density when m{sub ψ}≈5 keV, where the lower bound on T{sub R} corresponds to the limit where the fermion mass is entirely due to electroweak symmetry breaking via the portal interaction. The corresponding bound on the interaction scale is Λ≳6.0×10{sup 9} GeV.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5018273','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5018273"><span>Simultaneous Determination of Six Benzodiazepines in Spiked Soft Drinks by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Detection (HPLC-UV)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Soltaninejad, Kambiz; Karimi, Mohammad; Nateghi, Alireza; Daraei, Bahram</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A high performance liquid chromatographic method with <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> detection for simultaneous analysis of six benzodiazepines (BZDs) (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam, midazolam , flurazpam, and lorazepam) has been developed for forensic screening of adulterated non-alcoholic drinks. Samples were analyzed after a simple procedure for preparation using pH adjustment and filtering. Isocratic elution on a C18 column (250mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm) in the temperature 45ºC with a mobile phase consisting of 15mM phosphate buffer: methanol (50:50 v/v) at a flow rate 1.4 mL/min has been done. The column eluent was monitored with a UV detector at 245 nm. This allowed a rapid detection and identification as well as quantization of the eluting peaks. Calibration curves for all drugs in the range of 0.5- 10 µg/ mL that all the linear regression and has more than 0.996. Recovery rates for the BZDs were in the range 93.7- 108.7%. The limits of detection were calculated between 0.01- 0.02 µg/ mL. Also, the limits of quantification were 0.03- 0.05 µg/mL. Within-day and between -day coefficient of variation for all BZDs at all concentrations in the range of 0.45 - 7.69 % was calculated. The procedure can provide a simple, sensitive and fast method for the screening of six BZDs in adulterated soft drinks in forensic analysis. PMID:27642316</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2575F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2575F"><span>Small-Scale Dynamical Structures Using OH <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> From Astronomical Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Franzen, C.; Espy, P. J.; Hibbins, R. E.; Djupvik, A. A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Remote sensing of perturbations in the hydroxyl (OH) Meinel <span class="hlt">airglow</span> has often been used to observe gravity, tidal and planetary waves travelling through the 80-90 km region. While large scale (>1 km) gravity waves and the winds caused by their breaking are widely documented, information on the highest frequency waves and instabilities occurring during the breaking process is often limited by the temporal and spatial resolution of the available observations. In an effort to better quantify the full range of wave scales present near the mesopause, we present a series of observations of the OH Meinel (9,7) transition that were executed with the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma (18°W, 29°N). These measurements have a 24 s repetition rate and horizontal spatial resolutions at 87 km as small as 10 cm, allowing us to quantify the transition in the mesospheric wave domains as the gravity waves break. Temporal scales from hours to minutes, as well as sub-100 m coherent structures in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> have been observed and will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2775 - Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2775 Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive... less than 93 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions. Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span> is safe for use in coloring cosmetics generally, including cosmetics applied to the area of the eye, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2775 - Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2775 Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive... less than 93 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions. Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span> is safe for use in coloring cosmetics generally, including cosmetics applied to the area of the eye, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2775 - Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2775 Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive... less than 93 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions. Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span> is safe for use in coloring cosmetics generally, including cosmetics applied to the area of the eye, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940010211','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940010211"><span>Vacuum ultraviolet instrumentation for solar irradiance and thermospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Woods, Thomas N.; Rottman, Gary J.; Bailey, Scott M.; Solomon, Stanley C.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A NASA sounding rocket experiment was developed to study the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral irradiance and its effect on the upper atmosphere. Both the solar flux and the terrestrial molecular nitrogen via the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands in the far ultraviolet (FUV) were measured remotely from a sounding rocket on October 27, 1992. The rocket experiment also includes EUV instruments from Boston University (Supriya Chakrabarti), but only the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/University of Colorado (CU) four solar instruments and one <span class="hlt">airglow</span> instrument are discussed here. The primary solar EUV instrument is a 1/4 meter Rowland circle EUV spectrograph which has flown on three rockets since 1988 measuring the solar spectral irradiance from 30 to 110 nm with 0.2 nm resolution. Another solar irradiance instrument is an array of six silicon XUV photodiodes, each having different metallic filters coated directly on the photodiodes. This photodiode system provides a spectral coverage from 0.1 to 80 nm with about 15 nm resolution. The other solar irradiance instrument is a silicon avalanche photodiode coupled with pulse height analyzer electronics. This avalanche photodiode package measures the XUV photon energy providing a solar spectrum from 50 to 12,400 eV (25 to 0.1 nm) with an energy resolution of about 50 eV. The fourth solar instrument is an XUV imager that images the sun at 17.5 nm with a spatial resolution of 20 arc-seconds. The <span class="hlt">airglow</span> spectrograph measures the terrestrial FUV <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions along the horizon from 125 to 160 nm with 0.2 nm spectral resolution. The photon-counting CODACON detectors are used for three of these instruments and consist of coded arrays of anodes behind microchannel plates. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional CODACON detectors were developed at CU by Dr. George Lawrence. The pre-flight and post-flight photometric calibrations were performed at our calibration laboratory and at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910058277&hterms=optics+interference&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Doptics%2Binterference','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910058277&hterms=optics+interference&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Doptics%2Binterference"><span>Thin film interference optics for imaging the O II 834-A <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Seely, John F.; Hunter, William R.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Normal incidence thin film interference mirrors and filters have been designed to image the O II 834-A <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. It is shown that MgF2 is a useful spacer material for this wavelength region. The mirrors consist of thin layers of MgF2 in combination with other materials that are chosen to reflect efficiently in a narrow band centered at 834 A. Peak reflectance of 60 percent can be obtained with a passband 200 A wide. Al/MgF2/Si and Al/MgF2/SiC interference coatings have been designed to reflect 834 A and to absorb the intense H I 1216 A <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. An In/MgF2/In interference filter is designed to transmit 834 A and attenuate 1216 A radiation. Interference photocathode coatings for rejecting 1216 A radiation are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.968G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.968G"><span>Mars dayside temperature from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> limb profiles : comparison with in situ measurements and models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gérard, Jean-Claude; Bougher, Stephen; Montmessin, Franck; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Stiepen, A.</p> <p></p> <p>The thermal structure of the Mars upper atmosphere is the result of the thermal balance between heating by EUV solar radiation, infrared heating and cooling, conduction and dynamic influences such as gravity waves, planetary waves, and tides. It has been derived from observations performed from different spacecraft. These include in situ measurements of orbital drag whose strength depends on the local gas density. Atmospheric temperatures were determined from the altitude variation of the density measured in situ by the Viking landers and orbital drag measurements. Another method is based on remote sensing measurements of ultraviolet <span class="hlt">airglow</span> limb profiles obtained over 40 years ago with spectrometers during the Mariner 6 and 7 flybys and from the Mariner 9 orbiter. Comparisons with model calculations indicate that they both reflect the CO_2 scale height from which atmospheric temperatures have been deduced. Upper atmospheric temperatures varying over the wide range 270-445 K, with a mean value of 325 K were deduced from the topside scale height of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> vertical profile. We present an analysis of limb profiles of the CO Cameron (a(3) Pi-X(1) Sigma(+) ) and CO_2(+) doublet (B(2) Sigma_u(+) - X(2) PiΠ_g) <span class="hlt">airglows</span> observed with the SPICAM instrument on board Mars Express. We show that the temperature in the Mars thermosphere is very variable with a mean value of 270 K, but values ranging between 150 and 400 K have been observed. These values are compared to earlier determinations and model predictions. No clear dependence on solar zenith angle, latitude or season is apparent. Similarly, exospheric variations with F10.7 in the SPICAM <span class="hlt">airglow</span> dataset are small over the solar minimum to moderate conditions sampled by Mars Express since 2005. We conclude that an unidentified process is the cause of the large observed temperature variability, which dominates the other sources of temperature variations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-2775.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.2775 - Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.2775 Section 73.2775 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 73.2775 Manganese <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color additive...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.3107 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.3107 Section 73.3107 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3107 Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.3107 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.3107 Section 73.3107 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3107 Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.3107 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.3107 Section 73.3107 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3107 Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.3107 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.3107 Section 73.3107 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3107 Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec73-3107.pdf"><span>21 CFR 73.3107 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 73.3107 Section 73.3107 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3107 Carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span>. (a) Identity. The color...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol6-sec589-1000.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol6-sec589-1000.pdf"><span>21 CFR 589.1000 - Gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 589.1000 Section 589.1000 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS... Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed § 589.1000 Gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>. The Food and Drug...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20165509','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20165509"><span>Silicon photodiode as a detector in the rocket-borne photometry of the near infrared <span class="hlt">airglow</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schaeffer, R C</p> <p>1976-11-01</p> <p>The application of a silicon P-I-N photodiode to the dc measurement of low levels of near ir radiation is described. It is shown that the threshold of signal detection is set by the current amplifier voltage noise, the effect of which at the output is determined by the value of source resistance of the photodiode. The photodiode was used as the detector in a compact interference filter photometer designed for rocket-borne studies of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. Flight results have proved the instrument's capability to provide measurements sufficiently precise to yield an accurate height profile of the (0-0) atmospheric band of O(2) night <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at lambda762 nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010DPS....42.3625S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010DPS....42.3625S"><span>The Production of Titan's Ultraviolet Nitrogen <span class="hlt">Airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stevens, Michael H.; Gustin, J.; Ajello, J. M.; Evans, J. S.; Meier, R. R.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Esposito, L. W.; McClintock, W. E.; Stephan, A. W.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed Titan's dayside limb on 22 June, 2009, obtaining high quality extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) spectra from a distance of only 60,000 km (23 Titan radii). The observations reveal the same EUV and FUV emissions arising from photoelectron excitation and photofragmentation of molecular nitrogen (N2) on Earth but with the altitude of peak emission much higher on Titan near 1000 km altitude. In the EUV, emission bands from the photoelectron excited N2 Carroll-Yoshino c4'-X system and N I and N II multiplets arising from photofragmentation of N2 dominate, with no detectable c4'(0,0) emission near 958 Å, contrary to many interpretations of the lower resolution Voyager 1 Ultraviolet Spectrometer data. The FUV is dominated by emission bands from the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield a-X system and additional N I multiplets. We also identify several N2 Vegard-Kaplan A-X bands between 1500-1900 Å, two of which are located near 1561 and 1657 Å where C I multiplets were previously identified from a separate UVIS disk observation. We compare these limb emissions to predictions from a terrestrial <span class="hlt">airglow</span> model adapted to Titan that uses a solar spectrum appropriate for these June, 2009 observations. Volume production rates and limb radiances are calculated, including extinction by methane and allowance for multiple scattering within the readily excited c4'(0,v') system, and compared to UVIS observations. We find that for these <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data only emissions arising from processes involving N2 are present.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2035M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2035M"><span>Statistical analysis of gravity waves characteristics observed by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging at Syowa Station (69S, 39E), Antarctica</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matsuda, Takashi S.; Nakamura, Takuji; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Suzuki, Hidehiko; Ejiri, Mitsumu K.; Taguchi, Makoto</p> <p></p> <p>Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy and momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and cause the mean wind accelerations in the mesosphere. This momentum deposit drives the general circulation and affects the temperature structure. Among many parameters to characterize AGWs, horizontal phase velocity is very important to discuss the vertical propagation. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> imaging is a useful technique for investigating the horizontal structures of AGWs at around 90 km altitude. Recently, there are many reports about statistical characteristics of AGWs observed by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging. However, comparison of these results obtained at various locations is difficult because each research group uses its own method for extracting and analyzing AGW events. We have developed a new statistical analysis method for obtaining the power spectrum in the horizontal phase velocity domain from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> image data, so as to deal with huge amounts of imaging data obtained on different years and at various observation sites, without bias caused by different event extraction criteria for the observer. This method was applied to the data obtained at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2011 and compared with a conventional event analysis in which the phase fronts were traced manually in order to estimate horizontal characteristics. This comparison shows that our new method is adequate to deriving the horizontal phase velocity characteristics of AGWs observed by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging technique. We plan to apply this method to <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging data observed at Syowa Station in 2002 and between 2008 and 2013, and also to the data observed at other stations in Antarctica (e.g. Rothera Station (67S, 68W) and Halley Station (75S, 26W)), in order to investigate the behavior of AGWs propagation direction and source distribution in the MLT region over Antarctica. In this presentation, we will report interim analysis result of the data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMSA31B4097M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMSA31B4097M"><span>Comparison with the horizontal phase velocity distribution of gravity waves observed <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging data of different sampling periods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matsuda, T. S.; Nakamura, T.; Ejiri, M. K.; Tsutsumi, M.; Shiokawa, K.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy and momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Among many parameters to characterize AGWs, horizontal phase velocity is very important to discuss the vertical propagation. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> imaging is a useful technique for investigating the horizontal structures of AGWs around mesopause. There are many <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imagers operated all over the world, and a large amount of data which could improve our understanding of AGWs propagation direction and source distribution in the MLT region. We have developed a new statistical analysis method for obtaining the power spectrum in the horizontal phase velocity domain (phase velocity spectrum), from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> image data, so as to deal with huge amounts of imaging data obtained on different years and at various observation sites, without bias caused by different event extraction criteria for the observer. From a series of images projected onto the geographic coordinates, 3-D Fourier transform is applied and 3-D power spectrum in horizontal wavenumber and frequency domain is obtained. Then, it is converted into phase velocity and frequency domain. Finally, the spectrum is integrated along the frequency for the range of interest and 2-D spectrum in horizontal phase velocity is calculated. This method was applied to the data obtained at Syowa Station (69ºS, 40ºE), Antarctica, in 2011 and compared with a conventional event analysis in which the phase fronts were traced manually in order to estimate horizontal propagation characteristics. This comparison shows that our new method is adequate to deriving the horizontal phase velocity characteristics of AGWs observed by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging technique. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> imaging observation has been operated with various sampling intervals. We also presents how the images with different sample interval should be treated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA13B..03S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA13B..03S"><span>Optical Imaging Observation of the Geospace from the International Space Station by ISS-IMAP</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saito, A.; Sakanoi, T.; Yoshikawa, I.; Yamazaki, A.; Hozumi, Y.; Perwitasari, S.; Otsuka, Y.; Yamamoto, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Optical imaging observation of the mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and plasmasphere was carried out from the International Space Station (ISS) with ISS-IMAP (Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere, and Plasmasphere mapping) mission instruments. ISS-IMAP instruments was installed on the Exposed Facility of Japanese Experiment Module of the ISS in August, 2012, and removed in August, 2015. They are two imagers, Visible-light and Infrared Spectrum Imager (VISI) and Extreme <span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> Imager (EUVI). VISI made imaging observations of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and aurora in the nadir direction. It had two slits perpendicular to the trajectory of ISS, and the movement of ISS made the two-dimensional observation whose field-of-view width is 600km at 100km altitude. It covered the wave length range from 500nm to 900nm. The <span class="hlt">airglow</span> of 730nm (OH, Alt. 85km), 762nm (O2, Alt. 95km), and 630nm (O, Alt. 250km) were mainly observed besides the other <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, such as 589nm (Na) and 557 (O). EUVI made imaging observation of the resonant scattering from ions. It had two telescopes, and observed the resonant scattering of He+ in 30.4nm, and O+ in 83.4nm in the limb direction. VISI captured the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structures whose wavelength from 80km to 500km. The concentric wave structures were frequently observed in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. They are strong evidence of the vertical coupling between the lower atmosphere and the upper atmosphere by vertical propagation of the atmospheric gravity waves. The other <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structures, such as mesospheric bores, were also detected by ISS-IMAP/VISI. The meso-scale structures in the ionosphere, such as plasma bubbles, and traveling ionospheric disturbances were also observed. EUVI revealed the longitudinal structures of He+ in the top side of the ionosphere. It was attributed to the neutral wind in the thermosphere. In the presentation, the outline and results of the ISS-IMAP's VISI and EUVI observations will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805066','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805066"><span>Evolutionary replacement of UV vision by <span class="hlt">violet</span> vision in fish.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tada, Takashi; Altun, Ahmet; Yokoyama, Shozo</p> <p>2009-10-13</p> <p>The vertebrate ancestor possessed ultraviolet (UV) vision and many species have retained it during evolution. Many other species switched to <span class="hlt">violet</span> vision and, then again, some avian species switched back to UV vision. These UV and <span class="hlt">violet</span> vision are mediated by short wavelength-sensitive (SWS1) pigments that absorb light maximally (lambda(max)) at approximately 360 and 390-440 nm, respectively. It is not well understood why and how these functional changes have occurred. Here, we cloned the pigment of scabbardfish (Lepidopus fitchi) with a lambda(max) of 423 nm, an example of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-sensitive SWS1 pigment in fish. Mutagenesis experiments and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) computations show that the <span class="hlt">violet</span>-sensitivity was achieved by the deletion of Phe-86 that converted the unprotonated Schiff base-linked 11-cis-retinal to a protonated form. The finding of a <span class="hlt">violet</span>-sensitive SWS1 pigment in scabbardfish suggests that many other fish also have orthologous <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigments. The isolation and comparison of such <span class="hlt">violet</span> and UV pigments in fish living in different ecological habitats will open an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate not only the molecular basis of phenotypic adaptations, but also the genetics of UV and <span class="hlt">violet</span> vision.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NIMPA.659..258Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NIMPA.659..258Y"><span>Scintillation properties of Nd 3+, Tm 3+, and Er 3+ doped LuF 3 scintillators in the vacuum <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yanagida, Takayuki; Kawaguchi, Noriaki; Fukuda, Kentaro; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Futami, Yoshisuke; Yokota, Yuui; Taniue, Kojiro; Sekiya, Hiroyuki; Kubo, Hidetoshi; Yoshikawa, Akira; Tanimori, Toru</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In order to develop novel vacuum <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> (VUV) emitting scintillators, we grew Nd 0.5%, Tm 0.5%, and Er 0.5% doped LuF3 scintillators by the μ-pulling down method, because LuF3 has a very wide band gap and Nd3+, Tm3+, and Er3+ luminescence centers show fast and intense 5d-4f emission in VUV region. Transmittance and X-ray induced radioluminescence were studied in these three samples using our original spectrometer made by Bunkou-Keiki company. In the VUV region, transmittance of 20-60% was achieved for all the samples. The emission peaks appeared at approximately 180, 165, and 164 nm for Nd3+, Tm3+, and Er3+ doped LuF3, respectively. Using PMT R8778 (Hamamatsu), we measured their light yields under 241Am α-ray excitation. Compared with Nd:LaF3 scintillator, which has 33 photoelectrons/5.5 MeV α, Nd:LuF3 and Tm:LuF3 showed 900±90 and 170±20 ph/5.5 MeV-α, respectively. Only for the Nd doped one, we can detect 137Cs 662 keV γ-ray photoabsorption peak and the light yield of 1200±120 ph/MeV was measured. We also investigated their decay time profiles by picosecond pulse X-ray equipped streak camera, and the main decay component of Nd:LuF3 turned out to be 7.63 ns.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSMSA53A..01B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSMSA53A..01B"><span>Important Considerations When Using Hydroxyl <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Measurements to Determine Climate Trends of the Mesopause Region.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burns, G.; French, J.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>Spectral calibrations, <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and possibly auroral contaminations, solar and telluric absorption features and the selection of transition probabilities can all influence rotational temperatures derived from measurements of hydroxyl <span class="hlt">airglow</span> intensities. Consideration and examples are given of these influences. Measurements and analyses are outlined for data checking that should be undertaken if a hydroxyl <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data set is to be used to determine climate trends. Multiple spectral calibrations should be conducted throughout the observing period, with regular inter- comparisons to other calibration sources also required. Uncertainties in spectral calibrations should be expressed as a temperature equivalent. Sufficient spectral scans at maximum resolution should be obtained under all extreme observing conditions (at the lowest solar depression angle operated both morning and night, moon and cloud both separately and combined, aurora and under conditions of enhanced atomic oxygen <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, and under clear sky conditions but with high atmospheric water vapour content) so that an uncertainty for the derived rotational temperatures can be determined for the established data selection criteria. Once the varying emission and absorption features for the hydroxyl region of interest at your site are understood for the observing site, then the spectral resolution of the observing instrument can be reduced to increase temporal resolution with reasonable confidence. This confidence should be tested by investigating the average rotational temperatures derived from all possible line intensity ratios under the extreme observing conditions noted. If a spectral-fitting rotational temperature determination is used, the residuals from the fit should be summed and similarly examined. Hydroxyl measurements provide a cost effective means of monitoring the temperature of the climate-sensitive mesopause region on an almost nightly basis. If care is taken, they provide a valuable data set</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA53A2431H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA53A2431H"><span>Seasonal and spatial variation of topside He+ column density obtained from Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Imager onboard the International Space Station</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hozumi, Y.; Saito, A.; Murakami, G.; Yamazaki, A.; Yoshikawa, I.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The seasonal, longitudinal and latitudinal variations of He+ distribution in the topside ionosphere in 2013 are elucidated with data of He+ resonant scattering obtained by Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Imager (EUVI) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). EUVI provides a data set of the column density of He+ above the ISS orbit altitude. The data set provides a unique opportunity to study He+ distribution in the topside ionosphere from a different perspective of past studies using in-situ measurement data. During the solstice seasons, an enhancement of He+ column density in the winter hemisphere is observed. The magnitude of this hemispheric asymmetry shows a longitudinal variability. Around the June solstice, the hemispheric asymmetry was greater in the longitude sector where the geomagnetic declination angle is negative and smaller in the longitude sector where the geomagnetic declination angle is positive. Around the December solstice, on the other hand, this longitudinal variation of the asymmetry magnitude had opposite tendency. The hemispheric asymmetry of the effective neutral wind well explains this behavior of He+. The field-aligned component of neutral wind in the F-region is varied in longitude under the presence of finite geomagnetic declination angle and large zonal wind. In the equinox seasons, two longitudinal maxima were observed at around 140ºE and 30ºE. The longitudinal variation of the effective neutral wind is a candidate of these two maxima of He+ concentration. These results suggest that the transport of ions in the topside ionosphere is strongly affected by the F-region neutral wind.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994AdSpR..14..177K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994AdSpR..14..177K"><span>Moon based global field <span class="hlt">airglow</span>: For Artemis or any common Lunar Lander</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kozlowski, R. W. H.; Sprague, A. L.; Sandel, B. R.; Hunten, D. M.; Broadfoot, A. L.</p> <p>1994-06-01</p> <p>An inexpensive, small mass, <span class="hlt">airglow</span> experiment consisting of a suite of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> detectors is planned for one or more lunar landers. Solid state detectors measuring light through narrow band filters or concave gratings can integrate emissions from lunar atmospheric constituents and store the information for relay to earth when convenient. The proposed instrument is a simplified version of the Shuttle-borne Arizona Imager-Spectrograph. These zenith and near horizon viewing detectors may allow us to monitor fluctuations in atomic species of oxygen, calcium, sodium, potassium, argon, and neon and OH, if present. This choice of observations would monitor outgassing from the interior (Ar), meteoritic dust flux (Na, K) solar wind sputtering (O, Ca), and outgassing from the surface (implanted Ne, Na, K). A global network could be inexpensively deployed aboard landers carrying a variety of other selenographic instrumentation. Powered by solar cells such a field network will return data applicable to a wide variety of interplanetary medium and solar-lunar interaction problems.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..300..386M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..300..386M"><span>Temperature estimation from hydroxyl <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission in the Venus night side mesosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Migliorini, A.; Snels, M.; Gérard, J.-C.; Soret, L.; Piccioni, G.; Drossart, P.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The temperature of the night side of Venus at about 95 km has been determined by using spectral features of the hydroxyl <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission around 3 μm, recorded from July 2006 to July 2008 by VIRTIS onboard Venus Express. The retrieved temperatures vary from 145.5 to about 198.1 K with an average value of 176.3 ± 14.3 K and are in good agreement with previous ground-based and space observations. The variability with respect to latitude and local time has been studied, showing a minimum of temperature at equatorial latitudes, while temperature values increase toward mid latitudes with a local maximum at about 35°N. The present work provides an independent contribution to the temperature estimation in the transition region between the Venus upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere, by using the OH emission as a thermometer, following the technique previously applied to the high-resolution O2(a1Δg) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions observed from ground.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1602(a)(1) and (b). (b) Uses and restrictions. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 may be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1602(a)(1) and (b). (b) Uses and restrictions. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 may be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1602(a)(1) and (b). (b) Uses and restrictions. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 may be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1602(a)(1) and (b). (b) Uses and restrictions. The color additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 may be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007455.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007455.html"><span>"Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>, Terminator view taken by the Expedition 29 crew"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-18</p> <p>ISS029-E-007455 (18 Sept. 2011) --- This is one of a series of night time images photographed by one of the Expedition 29 crew members from the International Space Station. It features Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, Earth?s Terminator and the southeastern Indian Ocean. Nadir coordinates are 51.78 degrees south latitude and 124.41 degrees east longitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007500.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007500.html"><span>"Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>, Terminator view taken by the Expedition 29 crew"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-18</p> <p>ISS029-E-007500 (18 Sept. 2011) --- This is one of a series of night time images photographed by one of the Expedition 29 crew members from the International Space Station. It features the Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and parts of the southeastern Indian Ocean. Nadir coordinates are 50.66 degrees south latitude and 137.70 degrees east longitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007502.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007502.html"><span>"Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>, Terminator view taken by the Expedition 29 crew"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-18</p> <p>ISS029-E-007502 (18 Sept. 2011) --- This is one of a series of night time images photographed by one of the Expedition 29 crew members from the International Space Station. It features Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, and parts of the southeast Indian Ocean. Nadir coordinates are 50.58 degrees south latitude and 138.28 degrees east longitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820120"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-excited fluorochromes by flow cytometry using a <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser diode.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Telford, William G; Hawley, Teresa S; Hawley, Robert G</p> <p>2003-07-01</p> <p>Low power <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser diodes (VLDs) have been evaluated as potential replacements for water-cooled argon-ion and krypton-ion ultraviolet and <span class="hlt">violet</span> lasers for DNA content analysis using the Hoechst dyes and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Shapiro HMN, Perlmutter NG: Cytometry 44:133-136, 2001). In this study, we used a VLD to excite a variety of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-excited fluorescent molecules important in biomedical analysis, including the fluorochromes Cascade Blue and Pacific Blue, the expressible fluorescent protein cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), and the fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase (AP) substrate 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazoline (ELF-97; for endogenous AP detection and cell surface labeling with AP-conjugated antibodies). Comparisons were made between VLD excitation and a krypton-ion laser emitting at 407 nm (both at higher power levels and with the beam attenuated at levels approximating the VLD) on the same FACSVantage SE stream-in-air flow cytometer. We evaluated a Power Technology 408-nm VLD (30 mW) equipped with circularization optics (18 mW maximum output, set to 15 mW) and a Coherent I-302C krypton-ion laser emitting at power levels ranging from 15 to 75 mW. Cascade Blue, Pacific Blue, and CFP showed comparable signal-to-noise ratios and levels of sensitivity with VLD excitation versus the krypton-ion laser at high and VLD-matched power outputs. Multicolor fluorescent protein analysis with 488-nm excitation of green fluorescent protein and DsRed and VLD excitation of CFP was therefore feasible and was demonstrated. Similar levels of excitation efficiency between krypton-ion and VLD sources also were observed for ELF-97 detection. These evaluations confirmed that VLDs may be cost- and maintenance-effective replacements for water-cooled gas lasers for applications requiring <span class="hlt">violet</span> excitation in addition to DNA binding dyes. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EP%26S...68..155H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EP%26S...68..155H"><span>Calibration of imaging parameters for space-borne <span class="hlt">airglow</span> photography using city light positions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hozumi, Yuta; Saito, Akinori; Ejiri, Mitsumu K.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>A new method for calibrating imaging parameters of photographs taken from the International Space Station (ISS) is presented in this report. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> in the mesosphere and the F-region ionosphere was captured on the limb of the Earth with a digital single-lens reflex camera from the ISS by astronauts. To utilize the photographs as scientific data, imaging parameters, such as the angle of view, exact position, and orientation of the camera, should be determined because they are not measured at the time of imaging. A new calibration method using city light positions shown in the photographs was developed to determine these imaging parameters with high accuracy suitable for <span class="hlt">airglow</span> study. Applying the pinhole camera model, the apparent city light positions on the photograph are matched with the actual city light locations on Earth, which are derived from the global nighttime stable light map data obtained by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite. The correct imaging parameters are determined in an iterative process by matching the apparent positions on the image with the actual city light locations. We applied this calibration method to photographs taken on August 26, 2014, and confirmed that the result is correct. The precision of the calibration was evaluated by comparing the results from six different photographs with the same imaging parameters. The precisions in determining the camera position and orientation are estimated to be ±2.2 km and ±0.08°, respectively. The 0.08° difference in the orientation yields a 2.9-km difference at a tangential point of 90 km in altitude. The <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structures in the photographs were mapped to geographical points using the calibrated imaging parameters and compared with a simultaneous observation by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager of the Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Upper Atmosphere, and Plasmasphere mapping mission installed on the ISS. The comparison shows good agreements and supports the validity</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P53B2186H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.P53B2186H"><span>What generates Callisto's atmosphere? - Indications from calculations of ionospheric electron densities and <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hartkorn, O. A.; Saur, J.; Strobel, D. F.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Callisto's atmosphere has been probed by the Galileo spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and is expected to be composed of O2 and minor components CO2 and H2O. We use an ionosphere model coupled with a parametrized atmosphere model to calculate ionospheric electron densities and <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. By varying a prescribed neutral atmosphere and comparing the model results to Galileo radio occultation and HST-Cosmic Origin Spectrograph observations we find that Callisto's atmosphere likely possesses a day/night asymmetry driven by solar illumination. We see two possible explanation for this asymmetry: 1) If sublimation dominates the atmosphere formation, a day/night asymmetry will be generated since the sublimation production rate is naturally much stronger at the day side than at the night side. 2) If surface sputtering dominates the atmosphere formation, a day/night asymmetry is likely generated as well since the sputtering yield increases with increasing surface temperature and, therefore, with decreasing solar zenith angle. The main difference between both processes is given by the fact that surface sputtering, in contrast to sublimation, is also a function of Callisto's orbital position since sputtering projectiles predominately co-rotate with the Jovian magnetosphere. On this basis, we develop a method that can discriminate between both explanations by comparing <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations at different orbital positions with <span class="hlt">airglow</span> predictions. Our predictions are based on our ionosphere model and an orbital position dependent atmosphere model originally developed for the O2 atmosphere of Europa by Plainaki et al. (2013).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007473.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e007473.html"><span>"Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>, Terminator view taken by the Expedition 29 crew"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-18</p> <p>ISS029-E-007473 (18 Sept. 2011) --- This is one of a series of night time images photographed by one of the Expedition 29 crew members from the International Space Station. It features Aurora Australis, <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, Earth?s Terminator and parts of the southeast Indian Ocean. Nadir coordinates are 51.53 degrees south latitude and 129.80 degrees east longitude.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38.1411S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38.1411S"><span>The Martian <span class="hlt">airglow</span>: observations by Mars Express and kinetic modelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Simon, Cyril; Leblanc, François; Gronoff, Guillaume; Witasse, Olivier; Lilensten, Jean; Barthelemy, Mathieu; Bertaux, Jean-Loup</p> <p></p> <p>The photoemissions on Mars are the result of physical chemistry reactions in the upper atmo-sphere that depend on the planet's plasma environment. They arise on the dayside from UV photo-excitation (Barth et al., 1971) and on the nightside from chemical reactions and electron precipitation above regions of strong crustal magnetism (Bertaux et al., 2005). The physics of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> generation at Mars is discussed both in terms of observations (satellites) and models (especially transport codes). A review of observations made by SPICAM, the UV spectrometer onboard Mars Express, is first presented. The Cameron bands of CO(a - X), the CO+ (A - X) 2 doublet at 289.0 nm and the trans-auroral line of OI (297.2 nm) are mainly seen on the dayside. On the nightside both Cameron emissions and NO(C - X and A - X) emissions are present. In a second step, an updated <span class="hlt">airglow</span> model has been developed and compared to the latest SPICAM data. Several interesting implications are highlighted regarding neutral atmosphere variations for the dayglow (Simon et al., 2009) and electron precipitation mechanisms at the origin of the auroral intensities measured by SPICAM in conjunction with the particle detector ASPERA and the radar MARSIS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870038348&hterms=Abreu&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DAbreu%252C%2Bc.','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870038348&hterms=Abreu&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DAbreu%252C%2Bc."><span>The quenching rate of O(1D) by O(3P). [with data from Visible <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> experiment on AE satellites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Abreu, V. J.; Yee, J. H.; Solomon, S. C.; Dalgarno, A.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The rate coefficient for the quenching of O(1D) by O(3P) has recently been calculated by Yee et al. (1985). Their results indicate that quenching by atomic oxygen should not be ignored in the analysis of the 6300 A emission <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. Data obtained by the Visible <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Experiment on board the AE satellites have been reanalyzed to determine the quenching rate of O(1D) by atomic oxygen. The results of this analysis are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeoRL..41.6943A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GeoRL..41.6943A"><span>First spaceborne observation of the entire concentric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structure caused by tropospheric disturbance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Akiya, Y.; Saito, A.; Sakanoi, T.; Hozumi, Y.; Yamazaki, A.; Otsuka, Y.; Nishioka, M.; Tsugawa, T.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Spaceborne imagers are able to observe the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structures with wide field of views regardless of the tropospheric condition that limits the observational time of the ground-based imagers. Concentric wave structures of the O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> in 762 nm wavelength were observed over North America on 1 June 2013 from the International Space Station. This was the first observation in which the entire image of the structure was captured from space, and its spatial scale size was determined to be 1200 km radius without assumptions. The apparent horizontal wavelength was 80 km, and the amplitude in the intensity was approximately 20% of the background intensity. The propagation velocity of the structure was derived as 125 ± 62 m/s and atmospheric gravity waves were estimated to be generated for 3.5 ± 1.7 h. Concentric structures observed in this event were interpreted to be generated by super cells that caused a tornado in its early phase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRA..11510326H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRA..11510326H"><span>Further investigations of lightning-induced transient emissions in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Tai-Yin; Kuo, C. L.; Chiang, C. Y.; Chen, A. B.; Su, H. T.; Hsu, R. R.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>A previous study of lightning-induced transient emissions in and below the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer using observations by the Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) CCD camera onboard the FORMOSAT-II satellite showed that intensity enhancements occurred more frequently in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer. Here we show the results of new observations made in December 2009 and January 2010 using a narrowband 630 nm filter and spectrophotometer and present further analysis. We estimated the N21P intensity enhancements to be ˜65% and 53% of the total intensity enhancements for the two events we analyzed using ISUAL and the spectrophotometer data in conjunction with a model for emissions of light and VLF perturbations from electromagnetic pulse sources (elves). Our analysis indicates that there is still somewhat considerable intensity enhancement (˜1.25 kR) unaccounted for after the N21P contribution has been removed. Our study suggests that there might be OH emissions in elves and that OH species might also be involved in the lightning-induced process and contribute to the intensity enhancements that we observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRA..117.2317H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JGRA..117.2317H"><span>Estimating the electron energy distribution during ionospheric modification from spectrographic <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hysell, D. L.; Varney, R. H.; Vlasov, M. N.; Nossa, E.; Watkins, B.; Pedersen, T.; Huba, J. D.</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>The electron energy distribution during an F region ionospheric modification experiment at the HAARP facility near Gakona, Alaska, is inferred from spectrographic <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission data. Emission lines at 630.0, 557.7, and 844.6 nm are considered along with the absence of detectable emissions at 427.8 nm. Estimating the electron energy distribution function from the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data is a problem in classical linear inverse theory. We describe an augmented version of the method of Backus and Gilbert which we use to invert the data. The method optimizes the model resolution, the precision of the mapping between the actual electron energy distribution and its estimate. Here, the method has also been augmented so as to limit the model prediction error. Model estimates of the suprathermal electron energy distribution versus energy and altitude are incorporated in the inverse problem formulation as representer functions. Our methodology indicates a heater-induced electron energy distribution with a broad peak near 5 eV that decreases approximately exponentially by 30 dB between 5-50 eV.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730052459&hterms=patty&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dpatty','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730052459&hterms=patty&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dpatty"><span>Photometer for detection of sodium day <span class="hlt">airglow</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mcmahon, D. J.; Manring, E. R.; Patty, R. R.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Description of a photometer for daytime ground-based measurements of sodium <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission. The photometer described can be characterized by the following principal features: (1) a narrow (4.5-A) interference filter for initial discrimination; (2) cooled photomultiplier detector to reduce noise from dark current fluctuations and chopping to eliminate the average dark current; (3) a sodium vapor resonance cell to provide an effective bandpass comparable to the Doppler line width; (4) separate detection of all light transmitted by the interference filter to evaluate the Rayleigh and Mie components within the Doppler width of the resonance cell; and (5) temperature quenching of the resonance cell to evaluate and account for instrumental imperfections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740044960&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740044960&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>Twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. II - N2/+/ emission at 3914 A</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sharp, W. E.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>One of the experiments aboard a rocket flight carrying instruments to measure the dawn <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, the ion and electron densities, and the photoelectron spectrum is reported. For a solar zenith angle of 90 deg the emission at 3914 A from N2(+) peaks at about 260 km. The integrated intensity from model calculations suggests that resonance scattering of 3914-A solar photons off N2(+) produces 90% of the emission, whereas simultaneous photoionization excitation of N2(+) produces less than 10% of the emission. Photoelectron impact excitation is found to contribute about 1%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-25/pdf/2010-6618.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-25/pdf/2010-6618.pdf"><span>75 FR 14468 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From China and India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-25</p> <p>...)] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From China and India AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission... <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from India and the antidumping duty orders on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from China and India. SUMMARY: The Commission hereby gives notice of the scheduling of expedited reviews pursuant...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720029859&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720029859&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>Vacuum ultraviolet spectra of the late twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Buckley, J. L.; Moos, H. W.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>Evaluation of sounding rocket spectra of the late twilight (solar-zenith angle of 120 deg) ultraviolet <span class="hlt">airglow</span> between 1260 and 1900 A. The only observed features are O I 1304 and 1356. When the instrument looked at an elevation of 17 deg above the western horizon, the brightnesses were 70 and 33 rayleighs, respectively. The upper limits on the total intensity of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield and Vegard-Kaplan systems of N2 were 26 plus or minus 26 and 55 plus or minus 55 rayleighs, respectively. An estimate shows that a large part of the O I emissions may be due to excitation by conjugate-point electrons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45...31H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45...31H"><span>Nighttime Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Imager and Global Navigation Satellite Systems Observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Fuqing; Lei, Jiuhou; Dou, Xiankang; Luan, Xiaoli; Zhong, Jiahao</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this study, coordinated <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager, GPS total electron content (TEC), and Beidou geostationary orbit (GEO) TEC observations for the first time are used to investigate the characteristics of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over central China. The results indicated that the features of nighttime MSTIDs from three types of observations are generally consistent, whereas the nighttime MSTID features from the Beidou GEO TEC are in better agreement with those from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images as compared with the GPS TEC, given that the nighttime MSTID characteristics from GPS TEC are significantly affected by Doppler effect due to satellite movement. It is also found that there are three peaks in the seasonal variations of the occurrence rate of nighttime MSTIDs in 2016. Our study revealed that the Beidou GEO satellites provided fidelity TEC observations to study the ionospheric variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6137...81H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6137...81H"><span>Ablation of dentin by irradiation of <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hatayama, H.; Kato, J.; Akashi, G.; Hirai, Y.; Inoue, A.</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>Several lasers have been used for clinical treatment in dentistry. Among them, diode lasers are attractive because of their compactness compared with other laser sources. Near-infrared diode lasers have been practically used for cutting soft tissues. Because they penetrate deep to soft tissues, they cause sufficiently thick coagulation layer. However, they aren't suitable for removal of carious dentin because absorption by components in dentin is low. Recently, a <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser with a wavelength of 405nm has been developed. It will be effective for cavity preparation because dentin contains about 20% of collagen whose absorption coefficient at a <span class="hlt">violet</span> wavelength is larger than that at a near-infrared wavelength. In this paper, we examined cutting performance of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser for dentin. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports on application of a <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser to dentin ablation. Bovine teeth were irradiated by continuous wave <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser with output powers in a range from 0.4W to 2.4W. The beam diameter on the sample was about 270μm and an irradiation time was one second. We obtained the crater ablated at more than an output power of 0.8W. The depth of crater ranged from 20μm at 0.8W to 90μm at 2.4W. Furthermore, the beam spot with an output power of 1.7W was scanned at a speed of 1mm/second corresponding to movement of a dentist's hand in clinical treatment. Grooves with the depth of more than 50μm were also obtained. From these findings, the <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser has good potential for cavity preparation. Therefore, the <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser may become an effective tool for cavity preparation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27278805','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27278805"><span>Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-Blue light.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gomez, Grace F; Huang, Ruijie; MacPherson, Meoghan; Ferreira Zandona, Andrea G; Gregory, Richard L</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Among various preventive approaches, non-invasive phototherapy/photodynamic therapy is one of the methods used to control oral biofilm. Studies indicate that light at specific wavelengths has a potent antibacterial effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light at 380-440 nm to inhibit biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans or kill S. mutans. S. mutans UA159 biofilm cells were grown for 12-16 h in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates using tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB with 1 % sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light for 5 min. After exposure, plates were re-incubated at 37 °C for either 2 or 6 h to allow the bacteria to recover. A crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> biofilm assay was used to determine relative densities of the biofilm cells grown in TSB, but not in TSBS, exposed to <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light. The results indicated a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease compared to the non-treated groups after the 2 or 6 h recovery period. Growth rates of planktonic and biofilm cells indicated a significant reduction in the growth rate of the <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light-treated groups grown in TSB and TSBS. Biofilm viability assays confirmed a statistically significant difference between <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light-treated and non-treated groups in TSB and TSBS. Visible <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to inhibit S. mutans growth and reduce the formation of S. mutans biofilm. This in vitro study demonstrated that <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue light has the capacity to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Potential clinical applications of light therapy in the future remain bright in preventing the development and progression of dental caries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1919F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1919F"><span>Very high resolution observations of waves in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at low latitudes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Franzen, Christoph; Espy, Patrick J.; Hibbins, Robert E.; Djupvik, Amanda A.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH) is produced in the mesosphere by the reaction of atomic hydrogen and ozone. This excited OH radiates a strong, near-infrared <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission in a thin ( 8 km thick) layer near 87 km. In the past, remote sensing of perturbations in the OH Meinel <span class="hlt">airglow</span> has often been used to observe gravity, tidal and planetary waves travelling through this region. However, information on the highest frequency gravity waves is often limited by the temporal and spatial resolution of the available observations. In an effort to expand the wave scales present near the mesopause, we present a series of observations of the OH Meinel (9,7) transition that were executed with the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma (18°W, 29°N). These measurements are taken with a 10 s integration time (24 s repetition rate), and the spatial resolution at 87 km is as small as 10 m, allowing us to quantify the transition between the gravity and acoustic wave domains in the mesosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825549','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825549"><span>Determination of Organic Impurities in Anthraquinone Color Additives D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 and D&C Green No. 6 by <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-High Performance Liquid Chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, H H Wendy</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>A new practical and time-saving <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method has been developed for determining the organic impurities in the anthraquinone color additives D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 and D&C Green No. 6. The impurities determined are p-toluidine, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and two subsidiary colors. The newly developed UHPLC method uses a 1.7-μ particle size C-18 column, 0.1 M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as eluents, and photodiode array detection. For the quantification of the impurities, six-point calibration curves were used with correlation coefficients that ranged from 0.9974 to 0.9998. Recoveries of impurities ranged from 99 to 104%. Relative standard deviations ranged from 0.81 to 4.29%. The limits of detection for the impurities ranged from 0.0067% to 0.216%. Samples from sixteen batches of each color additive were analyzed, and the results favorably compared with the results obtained by gravity-elution column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and isooctane extraction. Unlike with those other methods, use of the UHPLC method permits all of the impurities to be determined in a single analysis, while also reducing the amount of organic waste and saving time and labor. The method is expected to be implemented by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for analysis of color additive samples submitted for batch certification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004cosp...35..231A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004cosp...35..231A"><span>Zonal drift velocities of the ionospheric plasma bubbles over brazilian region using oi630nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> digital images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arruda, D. C. S.; Sobral, J. H. A.; Abdu, M. A.; Castilho, V. M.; Takahashi, H.</p> <p></p> <p>The zonal drift velocities of the ionospheric plasma bubbles over the Brazilian region are analyzed in this study that is based on OI630nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> digital images. These digital images were obtained by an all-sky imager system between October 1998 and August 2000, at Cachoeira Paulista (22.5°S, 45°W), a low latitude region. In this period, 138 nights of OI 630 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> experiments were carried out of which 30 nights detected the ionospheric plasma bubbles. These 30 nights correspond to magnetically quiet days (ΣK_P<24+) and were grouped according approximately to their season. KEY WORDS: Imager System, Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles, Zonal drift velocities, OI630nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P11C2518S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P11C2518S"><span>Pluto's Ultraviolet <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> and Detection of Ions in the Upper Atmosphere</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steffl, A.; Young, L. A.; Kammer, J.; Gladstone, R.; Hinson, D. P.; Summers, M. E.; Strobel, D. F.; Stern, S. A.; Weaver, H. A., Jr.; Olkin, C.; Ennico Smith, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In July 2015, the Alice ultraviolet spectrograph aboard the New Horizons spacecraft made numerous observations of Pluto and its atmosphere. We present here the far ultraviolet reflectance spectrum of Pluto and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions from its atmosphere. At wavelengths greater than 1400Å, Pluto's spectrum is dominated by sunlight reflected from the surface of the planet. Various hydrocarbon species such as C2H4 are detected in absorption of the solar continuum. Below 1400Å, Pluto's atmosphere is opaque and the surface cannot be detected. However, after carefully removing various sources of background light, we see extremely faint <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions (<0.05 Rayleighs/Ångstrom) from Pluto's atmosphere. All of the emissions are produced by nitrogen in various forms: molecular, atomic, and singly ionized. The detection of N+ at 1086Å is the first, and thus far only, direct detection of ions in Pluto's atmosphere. This N+ emission line is produced primarily by dissociative photoionization of molecular N2 by solar EUV photons (energy > 34.7 eV; wavelength < 360Å). Notably absent from Pluto's spectrum are emission lines from argon at 1048 and 1067Å. We place upper limits on the amount of argon in Pluto's atmosphere above the tau=1 level (observed to be at 750km tangent altitude) that are significantly lower than pre-encounter atmospheric models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001596.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001596.html"><span>Waves in <span class="hlt">Airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>In April 2012, waves in Earth’s “airglow” spread across the nighttime skies of northern Texas like ripples in a pond. In this case, the waves were provoked by a massive thunderstorm. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> is a layer of nighttime light emissions caused by chemical reactions high in Earth’s atmosphere. A variety of reactions involving oxygen, sodium, ozone and nitrogen result in the production of a very faint amount of light. In fact, it’s approximately one billion times fainter than sunlight (~10-11 to 10-9 W·cm-2· sr-1). This chemiluminescence is similar to the chemical reactions that light up a glow stick or glow-in-the-dark silly putty. The “day-night band,” of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite captured these glowing ripples in the night sky on April 15, 2012 (top image). The day-night band detects lights over a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses highly sensitive electronics to observe low light signals. (The absolute minimum signals detectable are at the levels of nightglow emission.) The lower image shows the thunderstorm as observed by a thermal infrared band on VIIRS. This thermal band, which is sensitive only to heat emissions (cold clouds appear white), is not sensitive to the subtle visible-light wave structures seen by the day-night band. Technically speaking, <span class="hlt">airglow</span> occurs at all times. During the day it is called “dayglow,” at twilight “twilightglow,” and at night “nightglow.” There are slightly different processes taking place in each case, but in the image above the source of light is nightglow. The strongest nightglow emissions are mostly constrained to a relatively thin layer of atmosphere between 85 and 95 kilometers (53 and 60 miles) above the Earth’s surface. Little emission occurs below this layer since there’s a higher concentration of molecules, allowing for dissipation of chemical energy via collisions rather than light production. Likewise, little</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApJ...833L..27S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApJ...833L..27S"><span>A Hot Companion to a Blue Straggler in NGC 188 as Revealed by the <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on ASTROSAT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Subramaniam, Annapurni; Sindhu, N.; Tandon, S. N.; Kameswara Rao, N.; Postma, J.; Côté, Patrick; Hutchings, J. B.; Ghosh, S. K.; George, K.; Girish, V.; Mohan, R.; Murthy, J.; Sankarasubramanian, K.; Stalin, C. S.; Sutaria, F.; Mondal, C.; Sahu, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We present early results from the <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board the ASTROSAT observatory. We report the discovery of a hot companion associated with one of the blue straggler stars (BSSs) in the old open cluster, NGC 188. Using fluxes measured in four filters in UVIT’s far-UV (FUV) channel, and two filters in the near-UV (NUV) channel, we have constructed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the star WOCS-5885, after combining with flux measurements from GALEX, Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, Ultraviolet Optical Telescope, SPITZER, WISE, and several ground-based facilities. The resulting SED spans a wavelength range of 0.15 μm to 7.8 μm. This object is found to be one of the brightest FUV sources in the cluster. An analysis of the SED reveals the presence of two components. The cooler component is found to have a temperature of 6000 ± 150 K, confirming that it is a BSS. Assuming it to be a main-sequence star, we estimate its mass to be ˜1.1-1.2 M ⊙. The hotter component, with an estimated temperature of 17,000 ± 500 K, has a radius of ˜ 0.6 R ⊙ and L ˜30 L ⊙. Bigger and more luminous than a white dwarf, yet cooler than a sub-dwarf, we speculate that it is a post-AGB/HB star that has recently transferred its mass to the BSS, which is known to be a rapid rotator. This binary system, which is the first BSS with a post-AGB/HB companion identified in an open cluster, is an ideal laboratory to study the process of BSS formation via mass transfer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-18/pdf/2010-11780.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-18/pdf/2010-11780.pdf"><span>75 FR 27815 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From China and India; Determinations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-18</p> <p>...) Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From China and India; Determinations On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in... countervailing duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from India would be likely to lead to continuation or... that revocation of the antidumping duty orders on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from China and India...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApPhL.105q2105O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApPhL.105q2105O"><span>Depth-resolved <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> spectroscopic photo current-voltage measurements for the analysis of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor epilayer deposited on Si</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ozden, Burcu; Yang, Chungman; Tong, Fei; Khanal, Min P.; Mirkhani, Vahid; Sk, Mobbassar Hassan; Ahyi, Ayayi Claude; Park, Minseo</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>We have demonstrated that the depth-dependent defect distribution of the deep level traps in the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) epi-structures can be analyzed by using the depth-resolved <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (UV) spectroscopic photo current-voltage (IV) (DR-UV-SPIV). It is of great importance to analyze deep level defects in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure, since it is recognized that deep level defects are the main source for causing current collapse phenomena leading to reduced device reliability. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT epi-layers were grown on a 6 in. Si wafer by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The DR-UV-SPIV measurement was performed using a monochromatized UV light illumination from a Xe lamp. The key strength of the DR-UV-SPIV is its ability to provide information on the depth-dependent electrically active defect distribution along the epi-layer growth direction. The DR-UV-SPIV data showed variations in the depth-dependent defect distribution across the wafer. As a result, rapid feedback on the depth-dependent electrical homogeneity of the electrically active defect distribution in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT epi-structure grown on a Si wafer with minimal sample preparation can be elucidated from the DR-UV-SPIV in combination with our previously demonstrated spectroscopic photo-IV measurement with the sub-bandgap excitation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA51C2409K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA51C2409K"><span>MANGO Imager Network Observations of Geomagnetic Storm Impact on Midlatitude 630 nm <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kendall, E. A.; Bhatt, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Midlatitude Allsky-imaging Network for GeoSpace Observations (MANGO) is a network of imagers filtered at 630 nm spread across the continental United States. MANGO is used to image large-scale <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and aurora features and observes the generation, propagation, and dissipation of medium and large-scale wave activity in the subauroral, mid and low-latitude thermosphere. This network consists of seven all-sky imagers providing continuous coverage over the United States and extending south into Mexico. This network sees high levels of medium and large scale wave activity due to both neutral and geomagnetic storm forcing. The geomagnetic storm observations largely fall into two categories: Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arcs and Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs). In addition, less-often observed effects include anomalous <span class="hlt">airglow</span> brightening, bright swirls, and frozen-in traveling structures. We will present an analysis of multiple events observed over four years of MANGO network operation. We will provide both statistics on the cumulative observations and a case study of the "Memorial Day Storm" on May 27, 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-1602.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-1602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.1602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.1602 Section 74.1602 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive D...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec82-1602.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec82-1602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 82.1602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 82.1602 Section 82.1602 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF CERTIFIED... additive D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1602(a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JGRD..119.9707M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JGRD..119.9707M"><span>New statistical analysis of the horizontal phase velocity distribution of gravity waves observed by <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Matsuda, Takashi S.; Nakamura, Takuji; Ejiri, Mitsumu K.; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Shiokawa, Kazuo</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>We have developed a new analysis method for obtaining the power spectrum in the horizontal phase velocity domain from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> intensity image data to study atmospheric gravity waves. This method can deal with extensive amounts of imaging data obtained on different years and at various observation sites without bias caused by different event extraction criteria for the person processing the data. The new method was applied to sodium <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data obtained in 2011 at Syowa Station (69°S, 40°E), Antarctica. The results were compared with those obtained from a conventional event analysis in which the phase fronts were traced manually in order to estimate horizontal characteristics, such as wavelengths, phase velocities, and wave periods. The horizontal phase velocity of each wave event in the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images corresponded closely to a peak in the spectrum. The statistical results of spectral analysis showed an eastward offset of the horizontal phase velocity distribution. This could be interpreted as the existence of wave sources around the stratospheric eastward jet. Similar zonal anisotropy was also seen in the horizontal phase velocity distribution of the gravity waves by the event analysis. Both methods produce similar statistical results about directionality of atmospheric gravity waves. Galactic contamination of the spectrum was examined by calculating the apparent velocity of the stars and found to be limited for phase speeds lower than 30 m/s. In conclusion, our new method is suitable for deriving the horizontal phase velocity characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves from an extensive amount of imaging data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23179707','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23179707"><span>Micropropagation of African <span class="hlt">violet</span> (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shukla, Mukund; Sullivan, J Alan; Jain, Shri Mohan; Murch, Susan J; Saxena, Praveen K</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Micropropagation is an important tool for rapid multiplication and the creation of genetic variability in African <span class="hlt">violets</span> (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.). Successful in vitro propagation depends on the specific requirements and precise manipulation of various factors such as the type of explants used, physiological state of the mother plant, plant growth regulators in the culture medium, and growth conditions. Development of cost-effective protocols with a high rate of multiplication is a crucial requirement for commercial application of micropropagation. The current chapter describes an optimized protocol for micropropagation of African <span class="hlt">violets</span> using leaf explants obtained from in vitro grown plants. In this process, plant regeneration occurs via both somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis simultaneously in the explants induced with the growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea). The protocol is simple, rapid, and efficient for large-scale propagation of African <span class="hlt">violet</span> and the dual routes of regeneration allow for multiple applications of the technology from simple clonal propagation to induction or selection of variants to the production of synthetic seeds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.3602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... coloring absorbable meniscal tacks made from poly (L-lactic acid) at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.3602 Section 74.3602 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 74.3602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.3602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... coloring absorbable meniscal tacks made from poly (L-lactic acid) at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.3602 Section 74.3602 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 74.3602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.3602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... coloring absorbable meniscal tacks made from poly (L-lactic acid) at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.3602 Section 74.3602 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 74.3602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.3602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... coloring absorbable meniscal tacks made from poly (L-lactic acid) at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.3602 Section 74.3602 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 74.3602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-3602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.3602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... coloring absorbable meniscal tacks made from poly (L-lactic acid) at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.3602 Section 74.3602 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 74.3602 D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. (a) Identity and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018R%26QE..tmp...26S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018R%26QE..tmp...26S"><span>Spatial Characteristics of the 630-nm Artificial Ionospheric <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Generation Region During the Sura Facility Pumping</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shindin, A. V.; Klimenko, V. V.; Kogogin, D. A.; Beletsky, A. B.; Grach, S. M.; Nasyrov, I. A.; Sergeev, E. N.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We describe the method and the results of modeling and retrieval of the spatial distribution of excited oxygen atoms in the HF-pumped ionospheric region based on two-station records of artificial <span class="hlt">airglow</span> in the red line (λ = 630 nm). The HF ionospheric pumping was provided by the Sura facility. The red-line records of the night-sky portraits were obtained at two reception points—directly at the heating facility and 170 km east of it. The results were compared with the vertical ionospheric sounding data. It was found that in the course of the experiments the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> region was about 250 km high and did not depend on the altitude of the pump-wave resonance. The characteristic size of the region was 35 km, and the shape of the distribution isosurfaces was well described by oblique spheroids or a drop-shaped form. The average value of the maximum concentration of excited atoms during the experiment was about 1000 cm-3.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=36184&Lab=ORD&keyword=malachite&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=36184&Lab=ORD&keyword=malachite&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>BIODEGRADATION OF CRYSTAL <span class="hlt">VIOLET</span> BY THE WHITE ROT FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOPORIUM</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Biodegradation of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexamethylpararosaniline) in ligninolytic (nitrogen-limited) cultures of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and by the identification of three metabolites (N,N,...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912782S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1912782S"><span>High resolution observations of small-scale gravity waves and turbulence features in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sedlak, René; Hannawald, Patrick; Schmidt, Carsten; Wüst, Sabine; Bittner, Michael</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A new version of the Fast <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Imager (FAIM) for the detection of atmospheric waves in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer has been set up at the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD) of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) at Oberpfaffenhofen (48.09 ° N, 11.28 ° E), Germany. The spatial resolution of the instrument is 17 m/pixel in zenith direction with a field of view (FOV) of 11.1 km x 9.0 km at the OH layer height of ca. 87 km. Since November 2015, the system has been in operation in two different setups (zenith angles 46 ° and 0 °) with a temporal resolution of 2.5 to 2.8 s. In a first case study we present observations of two small wave-like features that might be attributed to gravity wave instabilities. In order to spectrally analyse harmonic structures even on small spatial scales down to 550 m horizontal wavelength, we made use of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) since this method exhibits an excellent wavelength resolution. MEM further allows analysing relatively short data series, which considerably helps to reduce problems such as stationarity of the underlying data series from a statistical point of view. We present an observation of the subsequent decay of well-organized wave fronts into eddies, which we tentatively interpret in terms of an indication for the onset of turbulence. Another remarkable event which demonstrates the technical capabilities of the instrument was observed during the night of 4th to 5th April 2016. It reveals the disintegration of a rather homogenous brightness variation into several filaments moving in different directions and with different speeds. It resembles the formation of a vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation likely related to a vertical wind shear. This case shows a notable similarity to what is expected from theoretical modelling of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (KHIs). The comparatively high spatial resolution of the presented new version of the FAIM <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager provides new insights into the structure of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890041556&hterms=wasser&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dwasser','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890041556&hterms=wasser&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dwasser"><span>Imaging observations of lower thermospheric O(1S) and O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions from STS 9 - Implications of height variations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Swenson, G. R.; Mende, S. B.; Llewellyn, E. J.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>The lower thermospheric nightglow in the Southern Hemisphere was observed with the Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imager during the Spacelab 1 mission in December, 1983. Observations of emission from O(1S) at 2972 and 5577A, O2 at 7620 A, OH near 6300 A, and the combined emission from the three upper states of O2 which lead to the Herzberg I and II and Chamberlain band emissions in B and near UV are discussed. The altitudes of peak emission heights are determined, showing that the peak heights are not constant with latitude. It is found that <span class="hlt">airglow</span> heights varied with latitude by as much as 8 km. The observed <span class="hlt">airglow</span> height pattern near the equator is similar to that of Wasser and Donahue (1979).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.164..116L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.164..116L"><span>Semidiurnal tidal activity of the middle atmosphere at mid-latitudes derived from O2 atmospheric and OH(6-2) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> SATI observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>López-González, M. J.; Rodríguez, E.; García-Comas, M.; López-Puertas, M.; Olivares, I.; Ruiz-Bueno, J. A.; Shepherd, M. G.; Shepherd, G. G.; Sargoytchev, S.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the tidal activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region at 370N using OH Meinel and O2 atmospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations from 1998 to 2015. The observations were taken with a Spectral <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Temperature Imager (SATI) installed at Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) (37.060N, 3.380W) at 2900 m height. From these observations a seasonal dependence of the amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide is inferred. The maximum tidal amplitude occurs in winter and the minimum in summer. The vertically averaged rotational temperatures and vertically integrated volume emission rate (rotational temperatures and intensities here in after), from the O2 atmospheric band measurements and the rotational temperature derived from OH Meinel band measurements reach the maximum amplitude about 1-4 h after midnight during almost all the year except in August-September where the maximum is found 2-4 h earlier. The amplitude of the tide in the OH intensity reaches the minimum near midnight in midwinter, then it is progressively delayed until 4:00 LT in August-September, and from there on it moves again forward towards midnight. The mean Krassovsky numbers for OH and O2 emissions are 5.9 ±1.8 and 5.6 ±1.0, respectively, with negative Krassovsky phases for almost all the year, indicating an upward energy transport. The mean vertical wavelengths for the vertical tidal propagation derived from OH and O2 emissions are 35 ±20 km and 33 ±18 km, respectively. The vertical wavelengths together with the phase shift in the temperature derived from both <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions indicate that these <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission layers are separated by 7 ±3 km, on average.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26818416','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26818416"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> and blue light-induced green fluorescence emissions from dental caries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shakibaie, F; Walsh, L J</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The objective of this laboratory study was to compare <span class="hlt">violet</span> and visible blue LED light-elicited green fluorescence emissions from enamel and dentine in healthy or carious states. Microscopic digital photography was undertaken using <span class="hlt">violet</span> and blue LED illumination (405 nm and 455 nm wavelengths) of tooth surfaces, which were photographed through a custom-made stack of green compensating filters which removed the excitation light and allowed green fluorescence emissions to pass. Green channel pixel data were analysed. Dry sound enamel and sound root surfaces showed strong green fluorescence when excited by <span class="hlt">violet</span> or blue lights. Regions of cavitated dental caries gave lower green fluorescence, and this was similar whether the dentine in the lesions was the same colour as normal dentine or was darkly coloured. The presence of saliva on the surface did not significantly change the green fluorescence, while the presence of blood diluted in saliva depressed green fluorescence. Using <span class="hlt">violet</span> or blue illumination in combination with green compensating filters could potentially aid in the assessment of areas of mineral loss. © 2016 Australian Dental Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11378864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11378864"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> laser diodes as light sources for cytometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shapiro, H M; Perlmutter, N G</p> <p>2001-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Violet</span> laser diodes have recently become commercially available. These devices emit 5-25 mW in the range of 395-415 nm, and are available in systems that incorporate the diodes with collimating optics and regulated power supplies in housing incorporating thermoelectric coolers, which are necessary to maintain stable output. Such systems now cost several thousand dollars, but are expected to drop substantially in price. Materials and Methods A 4-mW, 397-nm <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode system was used in a laboratory-built flow cytometer to excite fluorescence of DAPI and Hoechst dyes in permeabilized and intact cells. Forward and orthogonal light scattering were also measured. DNA content histograms with good precision (G(0)/G(1) coefficient of variation 1.7%) were obtained with DAPI staining; precision was lower using Hoechst 33342. Hoechst 34580, with an excitation maximum nearer 400 nm, yielded the highest fluorescence intensity, but appeared to decompose after a short time in solution. Scatter signals exhibited relatively broad distributions. <span class="hlt">Violet</span> laser diodes are relatively inexpensive, compact, efficient, and quiet light sources for DNA fluorescence measurement using DAPI and Hoechst dyes; they can also excite several other fluorescent probes. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3297T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3297T"><span>Capability of simultaneous Rayleigh LiDAR and O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements in exploring the short period wave characteristics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taori, Alok; Raghunath, Karnam; Jayaraman, Achuthan</p> <p></p> <p>We use combination of simultaneous measurements made with Rayleigh lidar and O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> monitoring to improve lidar investigation capability to cover a higher altitude range. We feed instantaneous O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> temperatures instead the model values at the top altitude for subsequent integration method of temperature retrieval using Rayleigh lidar back scattered signals. Using this method, errors in the lidar temperature estimates converges at higher altitudes indicating better altitude coverage compared to regular methods where model temperatures are used instead of real-time measurements. This improvement enables the measurements of short period waves at upper mesospheric altitudes (~90 km). With two case studies, we show that above 60 km the few short period wave amplitude drastically increases while, some of the short period wave show either damping or saturation. We claim that by using such combined measurements, a significant and cost effective progress can be made in the understanding of short period wave processes which are important for the coupling across the different atmospheric regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9052E..2GT','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9052E..2GT"><span>Novel wafer stepper with <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED light source</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ting, Yung-Chiang; Shy, Shyi-Long</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Novel wafer stepper by using contact or proximity printing will be developed, using <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED light source to replace Hg Arc. lamp or laser. Mirror, filter and condenser lens for Hg Arc. Lamp or laser and reduction lens for projection printing can be discarded. Reliability and manufacturing cost of wafer stepper can be improved. Exposure result by using IP3600 resist and wafer stepper with <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED light source (wave-length 360nm to 410 nm) will be obtained. This novel wafer stepper can be used for 3DIC, MEMS and bio-chip lithography application by using thin and thick resist with sub-micron to 100 micron thickness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20733778','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20733778"><span>Berkeley extreme-ultraviolet <span class="hlt">airglow</span> rocket spectrometer: BEARS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cotton, D M; Chakrabarti, S</p> <p>1992-09-20</p> <p>We describe the Berkeley extreme-UV <span class="hlt">airglow</span> rocket spectrometer, which is a payload designed to test several thermospheric remote-sensing concepts by measuring the terrestrial O I far-UV and extreme-UV dayglow and the solar extreme-UV spectrum simultaneously. The instrument consisted of two near-normal Rowland mount spectrometers and a Lyman-alpha photometer. The dayglow spectrometer covered two spectral regions from 980 to 1040 A and from 1300 to 1360 A with 1.5-A resolution. The solar spectrometer had a bandpass of 250-1150 A with an ~ 10-A resolution. All three spectra were accumulated by using a icrochannel-plate-intensified, two-dimensional imaging detector with three separate wedge-and strip anode readouts. The hydrogen Lyman-alpha photometer was included to monitor the solar Lyman-alpha irradiance and geocoronal Lyman-alpha emissions. The instrument was designed, fabricated, and calibrated at the University of California, Berkeley and was successfully launched on 30 September 1988 aboard the first test flight of a four-stage sounding rocket, Black Brant XII.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSMSA43A..03W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSMSA43A..03W"><span>First Light from Triple-Etalon Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Atmospheric OI <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> (6300 A)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watchorn, S.; Noto, J.; Pedersen, T.; Betremieux, Y.; Migliozzi, M.; Kerr, R. B.</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>Scientific Solutions, Inc. (SSI) has developed a triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to observe neutral winds in the ionosphere by measuring neutral oxygen (O I) emission at 630.0 nm during the day. This instrument is to be deployed in the SSI <span class="hlt">airglow</span> building at the Cerro Tololo observatory (30.17S 70.81W) in Chile, in support of the Comm/Nav Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) project. Post-deployment observation will be made in conjunction with two other Clemson University Fabry-Perots in Peru, creating a longitudinal chain of interferometers for thermospheric observations. These instruments will make autonomous day and night observations of thermospheric dynamics. Instruments of this type can be constructed for a global chain of autonomous <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observatories. The FPI presented in this talk consists of three independently pressure-controlled etalons, fed collimated light by a front optical train headed by an all-sky lens with a 160-degree field of view. It can be controlled remotely via a web-based service which allows any internet-connected computer to mimic the control computer at the instrument site. In fall 2005, the SSI system was first assembled at the Millstone Hill Observatory in Westford, Massachusetts, and made day and evening observations. It was then moved to the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Project (HAARP) site in Gakona, Alaska, to participate in joint optical/ionospheric heating campaigns. Additionally, natural <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations were made, both locally and remotely via the internet from Massachusetts. The Millstone and HAARP observations with two etalons yielded strong 630-nm atmospheric Fraunhofer absorption lines, with some suggestion of the Ring effect. By modeling the atmospheric absorption line as the constant times the corresponding solar absorption -- itself modeled as a Gaussian plus a polynomial -- the absorption feature is subtracted, leaving only the emission feature. Software ring-summing tools developed at the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874336','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874336"><span>Method for fabricating an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low expansion mask blank having a crystalline silicon layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Cardinale, Gregory F.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>A method for fabricating masks for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) using <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Low Expansion (ULE) substrates and crystalline silicon. ULE substrates are required for the necessary thermal management in EUVL mask blanks, and defect detection and classification have been obtained using crystalline silicon substrate materials. Thus, this method provides the advantages for both the ULE substrate and the crystalline silicon in an Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (EUV) mask blank. The method is carried out by bonding a crystalline silicon wafer or member to a ULE wafer or substrate and thinning the silicon to produce a 5-10 .mu.m thick crystalline silicon layer on the surface of the ULE substrate. The thinning of the crystalline silicon may be carried out, for example, by chemical mechanical polishing and if necessary or desired, oxidizing the silicon followed by etching to the desired thickness of the silicon.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012R%26QE...55...33G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012R%26QE...55...33G"><span><span class="hlt">Airglow</span> during ionospheric modifications by the sura facility radiation. experimental results obtained in 2010</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grach, S. M.; Klimenko, V. V.; Shindin, A. V.; Nasyrov, I. A.; Sergeev, E. N.; A. Yashnov, V.; A. Pogorelko, N.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>We present the results of studying the structure and dynamics of the HF-heated volume above the Sura facility obtained in 2010 by measurements of ionospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> in the red (λ = 630 nm) and green (λ = 557.7 nm) lines of atomic oxygen. Vertical sounding of the ionosphere (followed by modeling of the pump-wave propagation) and measurements of stimulated electromagnetic emission were used for additional diagnostics of ionospheric parameters and the processes occurring in the heated volume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RJPCA..90..955K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RJPCA..90..955K"><span>Oxidation kinetics of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> by potassium permanganate in acidic medium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khan, Sameera Razi; Ashfaq, Maria; Mubashir; Masood, Summyia</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The oxidation kinetics of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (a triphenylmethane dye) by potassium permanganate was focused in an acidic medium by the spectrophotometric method at 584 nm. The oxidation reaction of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> by potassium permanganate is carried out in an acidic medium at different temperatures ranging within 298-318 K. The kinetic study was carried out to investigate the effect of the concentration, ionic strength and temperature. The reaction followed first order kinetics with respect to potassium permanganate and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and the overall rate of the reaction was found to be second order. Thermodynamic activation parameters like the activation energy ( E a), enthalpy change (Δ H*), free energy change (Δ G*), and entropy change (Δ S*) have also been evaluated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PASP..128i4504N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PASP..128i4504N"><span>Spatial and Temporal Stability of <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Measured in the Meinel Band Window at 1191.3 nm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Hien T.; Zemcov, Michael; Battle, John; Bock, James J.; Hristov, Viktor; Korngut, Phillip; Meek, Andrew</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>We report on the temporal and spatial fluctuations in the atmospheric brightness in the narrow band between Meinel emission lines at 1191.3 nm using a λ/Δλ = 320 near-infrared instrument. We present the instrument design and implementation, followed by a detailed analysis of data taken over the course of a night from Table Mountain Observatory. At low airmasses, the absolute sky brightness at this wavelength is found to be 5330 ± 30 nW m-2 sr-1, consistent with previous measurements of the inter-band <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at these wavelengths. This amplitude is larger than simple models of the continuum component of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission at these wavelengths, confirming that an extra emissive or scattering component is required to explain the observations. We perform a detailed investigation of the noise properties of the data and find no evidence for a noise component associated with temporal instability in the inter-line continuum. This result demonstrates that in several hours of ˜100 s integrations the noise performance of the instrument does not appear to significantly degrade from expectations, giving a proof of concept that near-infrared line intensity mapping may be feasible from ground-based sites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850012171','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850012171"><span>Twilight Intensity Variation of the Infrared Hydroxyl <span class="hlt">Airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lowe, R. P.; Gilbert, K. L.; Niciejewski, R. J.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The vibration rotation bands of the hydroxyl radical are the strongest features in the night <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and are exceeded in intensity in the dayglow only by the infrared atmospheric bands of oxygen. The variation of intensity during evening twilight is discussed. Using a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), hydroxyl intensity measurements as early as 3 deg solar depression were made. Models of the twilight behavior show that this should be sufficient to provide measurement of the main portion of the twilight intensity change. The instrument was equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled germanium detector whose high sensitivity combined with the efficiency of the FTS technique permits spectra of the region 1.1 to 1.6 microns at high signal-to-noise to be obtained in two minutes. The use of a polarizer at the entrance aperture of the instrument reduces the intensity of scattered sunlight by a factor of at least ten for zenith observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120413','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120413"><span>Magnetic solid-phase extraction for determination of the total malachite green, gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> and leucomalachite green, leucogentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> in aquaculture water by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jiao; Wei, Daqiao; Yang, Yaling</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>In this study, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the sums of malachite green, gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> and leucomalachite green, leucogentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> in aquaculture water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. This method was based on in situ reduction of chromic malachite green, gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> to colorless leucomalachite green, leucogentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> with potassium borohydride, respectively. The obtained adsorbent combines the advantages of carbon nanotubes and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles in one material for separation and preconcentration of the reductive dyes in aqueous media. The structure and properties of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The main parameters affecting the adsorption recoveries were investigated and optimized, including reducing agent concentration, type and amount of sorbent, sample pH, and eluting conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection in this method were 0.22 and 0.09 ng/mL for malachite green and gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>, respectively. Product recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 92.8% with relative standard deviations from 4.6 to 5.9%. The results indicate that the sorbent is a suitable material for the removal and concentration of triphenylmethane dyes from polluted environmental samples. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNH51A1922G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNH51A1922G"><span>Methods for analyzing optical observations of tsunami-induced signatures in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions from ground-based and space-based platforms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grawe, M.; Makela, J. J.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Airglow</span> imaging of the 630.0-nm redline emission has emerged as a useful tool for studying the properties of tsunami-ionospheric coupling in recent years, offering spatially continuous coverage of the sky with a single instrument. Past studies have shown that <span class="hlt">airglow</span> signatures induced by tsunamis are inherently anisotropic due to the observation geometry and effects from the geomagnetic field. Here, we present details behind the techniques used to determine the parameters of the signature (orientation, wavelength, etc) with potential extensions to real or quasi-real time and a tool for interpreting the location and strength of the signatures in the field of view. We demonstrate application of the techniques to ground-based optical measurements of several tsunami-induced signatures taking place over the past five years from an imaging system in Hawaii. Additionally, these methods are extended for use on space-based observation platforms, offering advantages over ground-based installations.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770003789','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770003789"><span>Post sunset behavior of the 6300 A atomic oxygen <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Smith, R. E.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>A theoretical model of the 6300 A OI <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission was developed based on the assumptions that both the charged and neutral portions of the Earth's upper atmosphere are in steady state conditions of diffusive equilibrium. Intensities of 6300 A OI emission line were calculated using electron density true height profiles from a standard C-4 ionosonde and exospheric temperatures derived from Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of the Doppler broadened 6300 A emission line shape as inputs to the model. Reaction rate coefficient values, production mechanism efficiencies, solar radiation fluxes, absorption cross sections, and models of the neutral atmosphere were varied parametrically to establish a set of acceptable inputs which will consistently predict 6300 A emission intensities that closely agree with intensities observed during the post-sunset twilight period by an <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observatory consisting of a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a turret photometer. Emission intensities that can only result from the dissociative recombination of molecular oxygen ions were observed during the latter portion of the observational period. Theoretical calculations indicate that contamination of the 6300 A OI emission should be on the order of or less than 3 percent; however, these results are very sensitive to the wavelengths of the individual lines and their intensities relative to the 6300 A OI intensity. This combination of a model atmosphere, production mechanism efficiencies, and quenching coefficient values was used when the dissociative photoexcitation and direct impact excitation processes were contributing to the intensity to establish best estimates of solar radiation fluxes in the Schumann--Runge continuum and associated absorption cross sections. Results show that the Jacchia 1971 model of the upper atmosphere combined with the Ackerman recommended solar radiation fluxes and associated absorption cross sections produces theoretically calculated intensities that more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-07/pdf/2010-10866.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-07/pdf/2010-10866.pdf"><span>75 FR 25209 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Rescission of Administrative Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-07</p> <p>... from India: Rescission of Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 (CVP 23) from India for the...-circumstances review. See Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Initiation of Antidumping Duty Changed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA42A..07R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA42A..07R"><span>Nighttime medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in southern hemisphere using FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL 630.0 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rajesh, P. K.; Lin, C. C. H.; Liu, T. J. Y.; Chen, A. B. C.; Hsu, R. R.; Chen, C. H.; Huba, J. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this work characteristics of nighttime medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID) are investigated using 630.0 nm limb images by Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings (ISUAL), onboard FORMOSAT-2 satellite. The limb integrated measurements, when projected to a horizontal plane, reveal bands of intensity perturbation with distinct southwest to northeast orientation in the southern hemisphere. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> simulations are carried out by artificially introducing MSTID fluctuations in model electron density to confirm if such azimuthally oriented features could be identified in the ISUAL viewing geometry. Further statistical analysis shows more MSTID occurrence in solstices with peak in June-July months. The wavelengths of the observed perturbations were in the range 150-300 km. The wave fronts were oriented about 30°-50° from the east-west plane, indicating that coupled Perkins and Es-layer instability might be important in the MSTID generation. The results demonstrate that space based <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging is an effective method for global investigation of MSTID events that are appropriately aligned with the viewing geometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/uvw.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/uvw.html"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Waterworks (UVW)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>cheaply disinfect water. It is a uniquely effective device that operates using the <em>equivalent</em> of a 60-Watt - Curriculum Vita Top Some links on this page may take you to <em>non</em>-federal websites. Their policies may differ</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e005853.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss029e005853.html"><span><span class="hlt">Airglow</span> on the horizon against the starry sky view taken by the Expedition 29 crew</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-17</p> <p>ISS029-E-005853 (17 Sept. 2011) --- This is one of a series of night time images photographed by one of the Expedition 29 crew members from the International Space Station. The image features <span class="hlt">airglow</span> on the horizon against a starry sky with Russian spacecraft Soyuz and Progress in the foreground. Nadir coordinates are 27.8 degrees south latitude and 137.6 west longitude. The photo was taken at 11:32:37 GMT, Sept. 17, 2011.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22239683-identification-methyl-violet-novel-blocker-focal-adhesion-kinase-signaling-pathway-cancer-cells','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22239683-identification-methyl-violet-novel-blocker-focal-adhesion-kinase-signaling-pathway-cancer-cells"><span>Identification of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B as a novel blocker of focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway in cancer cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kim, Hwan; Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Kim, Nam Doo</p> <p>2013-07-26</p> <p>Highlights: •FAK signaling cascade in cancer cells is profoundly inhibited by methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B. •Methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B identified by virtual screening is a novel allosteric FAK inhibitor. •Methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B possesses extremely high kinase selectivity. •Methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B suppresses strongly the proliferation of cancer cells. •Methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B inhibits focal adhesion, invasion and migration of cancer cells. -- Abstract: The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling cascade in cancer cells was profoundly inhibited by methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B identified with the structure-based virtual screening. Methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B was shown to be a non-competitive inhibitor of full-length FAK enzyme vs. ATP. It turnedmore » out that methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B possesses extremely high kinase selectivity in biochemical kinase profiling using a large panel of kinases. Anti-proliferative activity measurement against several different cancer cells and Western blot analysis showed that this substance is capable of suppressing significantly the proliferation of cancer cells and is able to strongly block FAK/AKT/MAPK signaling pathways in a dose dependent manner at low nanomolar concentration. Especially, phosphorylation of Tyr925-FAK that is required for full activation of FAK was nearly completely suppressed even with 1 nM of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B in A375P cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, it has never been reported that methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> possesses anti-cancer effects. Moreover, methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B significantly inhibited FER kinase phosphorylation that activates FAK in cell. In addition, methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B was found to induce cell apoptosis and to exhibit strong inhibitory effects on the focal adhesion, invasion, and migration of A375P cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Taken together, these results show that methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> 2B is a novel, potent and selective blocker of FAK signaling cascade, which displays strong anti-proliferative activities against a variety of human cancer cells and suppresses</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384600','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384600"><span>[Biosorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and malachite green by Rhodotorula graminis Y-5].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Rong; Huang, Jian-Bo; Yang, Zhou-Ping; Cheng, Zi-Zhang; Jing, De-Jun; Huang, Qian-Ming</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>With a shaker, this paper studied the characteristics of the biosorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and malachite green by Rhodotorula graminis Y-5 under different adsorption time, initial pH, and temperature, as well as the desorption and recycling use of the dyes. The biosorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and malachite green by R. graminis Y-5 had the peaks (93.8% and 87.7%, respectively) at pH 7.0, dye concentration 50 mg x L(-1), 150 r x min(-1), 30 degrees C, and lasting 10 hours. After desorption, the biosorption rate of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and malachite green by R. graminis was 85.5% and 78.5%, respectively, indicating that the biosorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and malachite green was reversible, and the recycling use of the dyes by R. graminis was quite good, i. e., the dyes were renewable and could be recycled. Biosorption could be the mechanism of the decolorization of the dyes. The dyes were mostly adsorbed on the R. graminis surface -OH. The adsorption process was fast, efficient, and reversible, suggesting that R. graminis had a high potential for waste water treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4227670','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4227670"><span>GASEOUS SCINTILLATION COUNTER</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Eggler, C.; Huddleston, C.M.</p> <p>1959-04-28</p> <p>A gaseous excitation counter for detecting the presence amd measuring the energy of subatomic particles and electromagnetic radiation is described. The counter includes a gas-tight chamber filled with an elemental gas capable of producing <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> excitation quanta when irradiated with subatomic particles and electromagnetic radiation. The gas has less than one in a thousand parts <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> absorbing contamination. When nuclear radiation ps present the <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light produced by the gas strikes a fluorescent material within the counter, responsive to produce visible excitation quanta, and photo-sensitive counting means detect the visible emission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930018294','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930018294"><span>An assessment of twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span> inversion procedures using atmosphere explorer observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mcdade, I. C.; Sharp, W. E.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this research project was to test and truth some recently developed methods for recovering thermospheric oxygen atom densities and thermospheric temperatures from ground-based observations of the 7320 A O(+)((sup 2)D - (sup 2)P) twilight air glow emission. The research plan was to use twilight observations made by the Visible <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Experiment (VAE) on the Atmosphere Explorer 'E' satellite as proxy ground based twilight observations. These observations were to be processed using the twilight inversion procedures, and the recovered oxygen atom densities and thermospheric temperatures were then to be examined to see how they compared with the densities and temperatures that were measured by the Open Source Mass Spectrometer and the Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment on the satellite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.8770T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.8770T"><span>Sixteen year variation of horizontal phase velocity and propagation direction of mesospheric and thermospheric waves in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images at Shigaraki, Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takeo, D.; Shiokawa, K.; Fujinami, H.; Otsuka, Y.; Matsuda, T. S.; Ejiri, M. K.; Nakamura, T.; Yamamoto, M.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>We analyzed the horizontal phase velocity of gravity waves and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) by using the three-dimensional fast Fourier transform method developed by Matsuda et al. (2014) for 557.7 nm (altitude: 90-100 km) and 630.0 nm (altitude: 200-300 km) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images obtained at Shigaraki MU Observatory (34.8°N, 136.1°E, dip angle: 49°) over ˜16 years from 16 March 1999 to 20 February 2015. The analysis of 557.7 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images shows clear seasonal variation of the propagation direction of gravity waves in the mesopause region. In spring, summer, fall, and winter, the peak directions are northeastward, northeastward, northwestward, and southwestward, respectively. The difference in east-west propagation direction between summer and winter is probably caused by the wind filtering effect due to the zonal mesospheric jet. Comparison with tropospheric reanalysis data shows that the difference in north-south propagation direction between summer and winter is caused by differences in the latitudinal location of wave sources due to convective activity in the troposphere relative to Shigaraki. The analysis of 630.0 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images shows that the propagation direction of MSTIDs is mainly southwestward with a minor northeastward component throughout the 16 years. A clear negative correlation is seen between the yearly power spectral density of MSTIDs and F10.7 solar flux. This negative correlation with solar activity may be explained by the linear growth rate of the Perkins instability and secondary wave generation of gravity waves in the thermosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740051854&hterms=Dissociative&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DDissociative','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740051854&hterms=Dissociative&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DDissociative"><span>The 6300 A O/1-D/ <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and dissociative recombination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wickwar, V. B.; Cogger, L. L.; Carlson, H. C.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>Measurements of night-time 6300 A <span class="hlt">airglow</span> intensities at the Arecibo Observatory have been compared with dissociative recombination calculations based on electron densities derived from simultaneous incoherent backscatter measurements. The agreement indicates that the nightglow can be fully accounted for by dissociative recombination. The comparisons are examined to determine the importance of quenching, heavy ions, ionization above the F-layer peak, and the temperature parameter of the model atmosphere. Comparable fits between the observed and calculated intensities are found for several available model atmospheres. The least-squares fitting process, used to make the comparisons, produces comparable fits over a wide range of combinations of neutral densities and of reaction constants. Yet, the fitting places constraints upon the possible combinations; these constraints indicate that the latest laboratory chemical constants and densities extrapolated to a base altitude are mutually consistent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AMT.....9.5955S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AMT.....9.5955S"><span>High-resolution observations of small-scale gravity waves and turbulence features in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sedlak, René; Hannawald, Patrick; Schmidt, Carsten; Wüst, Sabine; Bittner, Michael</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>A new version of the Fast <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Imager (FAIM) for the detection of atmospheric waves in the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer has been set up at the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at Oberpfaffenhofen (48.09° N, 11.28° E), Germany. The spatial resolution of the instrument is 17 m pixel-1 in zenith direction with a field of view (FOV) of 11.1 km × 9.0 km at the OH layer height of ca. 87 km. Since November 2015, the system has been in operation in two different setups (zenith angles 46 and 0°) with a temporal resolution of 2.5 to 2.8 s. In a first case study we present observations of two small wave-like features that might be attributed to gravity wave instabilities. In order to spectrally analyse harmonic structures even on small spatial scales down to 550 m horizontal wavelength, we made use of the maximum entropy method (MEM) since this method exhibits an excellent wavelength resolution. MEM further allows analysing relatively short data series, which considerably helps to reduce problems such as stationarity of the underlying data series from a statistical point of view. We present an observation of the subsequent decay of well-organized wave fronts into eddies, which we tentatively interpret in terms of an indication for the onset of turbulence. Another remarkable event which demonstrates the technical capabilities of the instrument was observed during the night of 4-5 April 2016. It reveals the disintegration of a rather homogenous brightness variation into several filaments moving in different directions and with different speeds. It resembles the formation of a vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation likely related to a vertical wind shear. This case shows a notable similarity to what is expected from theoretical modelling of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (KHIs). The comparatively high spatial resolution of the presented new version of the FAIM provides new insights into the structure of atmospheric wave instability and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMSA21B..07W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMSA21B..07W"><span>An Intense Traveling <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Front in the Upper Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere with Characteristic of a Turbulent Bore Observed over Alice Springs, Australia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walterscheid, R. L.; Hecht, J. H.; Hickey, M. P.; Gelinas, L. J.; Vincent, R. A.; Reid, I. M.; Woithe, J.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The Aerospace Corporation’s Nightglow Imager observed a large step-function change in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> in the form of a traveling front in the OH and O2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions over Alice Springs Australia on February 2, 2003. The front exhibited a stepwise increase of nearly a factor two in the OH brightness and a stepwise decrease in the O2 brightness. The change in brightness in each layer was associated with a strong leading disturbance followed by a train of weak barely visible waves. The OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> brightness behind the front was the brightness night for 02 at Alice Springs that we have measured in seven years of observations. The OH brightness was among the five brightest. The event was associated with a strong phase-locked two-day wave (TDW).We have analyzed the stability conditions for the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere and found that the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layers were found in a region of strong ducting. The thermal structure was obtained from combining data from the SABER instrument on the TIMED satellite and the NRLMSISE-00 model. The wind profile was obtained by combining the HWM07 model and MF radar winds from Buckland Park Australia. We found that the TDW-disturbed profile was significantly more effective in supporting a high degree of ducting than a profile based only on HWM07 winds. Dramatic wall events have been interpreted as manifestations of undular bores (e.g., Smith et al. [2003]). Undular bores are nonlinear high Froude number events that must generate an ever increasing train of waves to carry the excess energy away from the bore front. Only a very weak wave train behind the initial disturbance was seen for the Alice Springs event. The form of the amplitude ordering was not typical of a nonlinear wave train. Therefore a bore interpretation requires another means of energy dissipation, namely turbulent dissipation. We suggest that a reasonable interpretation of the observed event is a turbulent bore. We are unaware of any previous event having</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V23E0510S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V23E0510S"><span>Time Series of SO2 Flux from Popocatépetl Volcano by an <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Camera with a Set of Different Band-Pass Filters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schiavo, B.; Stremme, W.; Grutter, M.; Campion, R.; Rivera, C. I.; Inguaggiato, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The measurement of SO2flux from active volcanoes are of great importance, for monitoring and hazard of volcanic activity, environmental impact and flux emissions related to changes of magmatic activity. Sulfur dioxide total flux from Popocatépetl volcano was determinad using a <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> camera (or SO2 camera) with different band-pass filter. The flux is obteined from the product of the gas concentration over integrated the plume cross-section (slant column in molec/cm2 or ppm*m) and wind velocity data. Model of plume altitude and wind speed measurement are used to calculate a wind velocity, but a new method of sequential images is widely used in several years for this calculation. Volcanic plume measurements, for a total of about 60 days from from January to March 2017, were collected and utilized to generate the SO2 time series. The importance of monitoring and the time series of volcanic gas emissions is described and proven by many scientific studies. A time series of the Popocatépetl volcano will allow us to detect the volcanic gas as well as anomalies in volcanic processes and help to estimate the average SO2 flux of the volcano. We present a detailed description of the posterior correction of the dilution effect, which occurs due to a simplification of the radiative transfer equation. The correction scheme is especial applicable for long term monitoring from a permanent observation site. Images of volcanic SO2 plumes from the active Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico are presented, showing persistent passive degassing. The measurment are taken from the Altzomoni Atmospheric Observatory (19.12N, -98.65W, 3,985 m.a.s.l.), which forms part of the RUOA (www.ruoa.unam.mx) and NDACC (https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/irwg) networks. It is located north of the crater at 11 km distance. The data to calculate SO2 flux (t/d or kg/s) were recorded with the QSI UV camera and processed using Python scripts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA24A..07G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA24A..07G"><span>Statistical comparisons of gravity wave features derived from OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and SABER data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gelinas, L. J.; Hecht, J. H.; Walterscheid, R. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Aerospace Corporation's near-IR camera (ANI), deployed at Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO), Cerro Pachon Chile (30S,70W) since 2010, images the bright OH Meinel (4,2) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> band. The imager provides detailed observations of gravity waves and instability dynamics, as described by Hecht et al. (2014). The camera employs a wide-angle lens that views a 73 by 73 degree region of the sky, approximately 120 km x 120 km at 85 km altitude. Image cadence of 30s allows for detailed spectral analysis of the horizontal components of wave features, including the evolution and decay of instability features. The SABER instrument on NASA's TIMED spacecraft provides remote soundings of kinetic temperature profiles from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Horizontal and vertical filtering techniques allow SABER temperatures to be analyzed for gravity wave variances [Walterscheid and Christensen, 2016]. Here we compare the statistical characteristics of horizontal wave spectra, derived from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imagery, with vertical wave variances derived from SABER temperature profiles. The analysis is performed for a period of strong mountain wave activity over the Andes spanning the period between June and September 2012. Hecht, J. H., et al. (2014), The life cycle of instability features measured from the Andes Lidar Observatory over Cerro Pachon on March 24, 2012, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 8872-8898, doi:10.1002/2014JD021726. Walterscheid, R. L., and A. B. Christensen (2016), Low-latitude gravity wave variances in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER temperature observation and compared with model simulation of waves generated by deep tropical convection, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 11,900-11,912, doi:10.1002/2016JD024843.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8366E..05C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8366E..05C"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-thin layer chromatography and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on silver nanorod array substrates prepared by oblique angle deposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Jing; Abell, Justin; Huang, Yao-wen; Zhao, Yiping</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>We demonstrate the potential use of silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrates for on-chip separation and detection of chemical mixtures by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The capability of the AgNR substrates to separate different compounds in a mixture was explored using a mixture of the food colorant Brilliant Blue FCF and lactic acid, and the mixtures of Methylene <span class="hlt">Violet</span> and BSA at various concentrations. After the UTLC process, spatially-resolved SERS spectra were collected along the mobile phase development direction and the intensities of specific SERS peaks from each component were used to generate chromatograms. The AgNR substrates demonstrate the capability of separating Brilliant Blue from lactic acid, as well as revealing the SERS signal of Methylene <span class="hlt">Violet</span> from the massive BSA background after a simple UTLC step. This technique may have significant practical implications in actual detection of small molecules from complex food or clinical backgrounds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT.......206C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT.......206C"><span>Studies of the polar MLT region using SATI <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cho, Youngmin</p> <p></p> <p>To investigate atmospheric dynamics of the MLT (Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere) region, a ground-based instrument called SATI (Spectral <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Temperature Imager) was developed at York University. The rotational temperatures and emission rates of the OH (6-2) Meinel band and the O2 (0-1) Atmospheric band have been measured in the MLT region by the SATI instrument at Resolute Bay (74.68°N, 94.90°W) since November, 2001, and at the King Sejong station (62.22°S, 58.75°W) since February, 2002. The MLT measurements are examined for periodic oscillations in the ambient temperature and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission rate. A dominant and coherent 4-hr oscillation is seen in both the OH and O2 temperature and emission rate at Resolute Bay in November, 2001. Tidal variation with a 12 hour period is shown in hourly averaged temperatures of the season 2001--2002 and the season 2003--2004. In addition, planetary waves with periods of 3 and 4.5 days are also seen in a longer interval. The observations at high latitudes have revealed that temperatures and emission rates are higher around the winter solstice. MLT cooling events were found at Resolute Bay in December, 2001 and February, 2002. They are compared with the UKMO (UK Meteorological Office) stratospheric assimilated data, and the MLT coolings coincide in time with the stratospheric warmings. A consistent inverse relationship of the OH temperatures and temperatures at 0.316 hPa is presented in the comparison. In previous studies of wave perturbations, the background (mean) values were normally subtracted from the instantaneous signal, but in the present investigation this was not done, allowing the long-term relationship to be examined. A positive relationship of the temperature and emission rate is seen from the SATI measurements for both short and long-term variations, suggesting that similar dynamical processes are responsible for both. This relationship is supported by satellite data from the SABER (Sounding of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P31B2808B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P31B2808B"><span>Energy balance in Saturn's upper atmosphere: Joint Lyman-α <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations with HST and Cassini</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ben-Jaffel, L.; Baines, K. H.; Ballester, G.; Holberg, H. B.; Koskinen, T.; Moses, J. I.; West, R. A.; Yelle, R. V.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>We are conducting Hubble Space Telescope UV spectroscopy of Saturn's disk-reflected Lyman-α line (Ly-α) at the same time as Cassini <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements. Saturn's Ly-α emission is composed of solar and interplanetary (IPH) Ly-α photons scattered by its upper atmosphere. The H I Ly-a line probes different upper atmospheric layers down to the homopause, providing an independent way to investigate the H I abundance and energy balance. However, this is a degenerate, multi-parameter, radiative-transfer problem that depends on: H I column density, scattering process by thermal and superthermal hydrogen, time-variable solar and IPH sources, and instrument calibration. Our joint HST-Cassini campaign should break the degeneracy in the Saturn <span class="hlt">airglow</span> problem. First, line integrated fluxes simultaneously measured by HST/STIS (dayside) and Cassini/UVIS (nightside), avoiding solar variability, should resolve the solar and IPH sources. Second, high-resolution spectroscopy with STIS will reveal superthermal line broadening not accessible with a low-resolution spectrometer like UVIS. Third, a second visit observing the same limb of Saturn will cross-calibrate the instruments and, with the STIS linewidth information, will yield the H I abundance, a key photochemical parameter not measured by Cassini. Finally, the STIS latitudinal mapping of the Ly-α linewidth will be correlated with Cassini's latitudinal temperature profile of the thermosphere, to provide an independent constraint on the thermospheric energy budget, a fundamental outstanding problem for giant planets. Here, we report the first results from the HST-Cassini campaign.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5015028','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5015028"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> LED light enhances the recruitment of a thrip predator in open fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ogino, Takumi; Uehara, Takuya; Muraji, Masahiko; Yamaguchi, Terumi; Ichihashi, Takahisa; Suzuki, Takahiro; Kainoh, Yooichi; Shimoda, Masami</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The predatory bug Orius sauteri is an indigenous natural enemy of thrips and whiteflies in Asian countries. To put these bugs to practical use in pest management, methods to attract and retain the bugs in agricultural fields are needed. We previously showed that <span class="hlt">violet</span> light (405 nm) attracts O. sauteri selectively. Many thrips and whiteflies are attracted to UV or green light. In this study, we examined the effect of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-LED illumination on O. sauteri in pesticide-free eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation. In three cultivation trials, the density of O. sauteri on eggplant leaves was consistently higher in the illuminated plots; at least twice that of the non-illuminated plots. Simultaneously, the density of thrips declined markedly to less than half that of the non-illuminated plots. We identified three positive effects of <span class="hlt">violet</span> light including an “immediate-effect” on predator attraction, a “persistent-effect” on predator reproduction, and a “secondary-effect” on the food web structure. Our results showed that illumination with <span class="hlt">violet</span> light provides a powerful tool for integrated pest management. This is the first report on the use of illumination to manipulate the behavior of natural enemies. PMID:27604315</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604315','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604315"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> LED light enhances the recruitment of a thrip predator in open fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ogino, Takumi; Uehara, Takuya; Muraji, Masahiko; Yamaguchi, Terumi; Ichihashi, Takahisa; Suzuki, Takahiro; Kainoh, Yooichi; Shimoda, Masami</p> <p>2016-09-08</p> <p>The predatory bug Orius sauteri is an indigenous natural enemy of thrips and whiteflies in Asian countries. To put these bugs to practical use in pest management, methods to attract and retain the bugs in agricultural fields are needed. We previously showed that <span class="hlt">violet</span> light (405 nm) attracts O. sauteri selectively. Many thrips and whiteflies are attracted to UV or green light. In this study, we examined the effect of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-LED illumination on O. sauteri in pesticide-free eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation. In three cultivation trials, the density of O. sauteri on eggplant leaves was consistently higher in the illuminated plots; at least twice that of the non-illuminated plots. Simultaneously, the density of thrips declined markedly to less than half that of the non-illuminated plots. We identified three positive effects of <span class="hlt">violet</span> light including an "immediate-effect" on predator attraction, a "persistent-effect" on predator reproduction, and a "secondary-effect" on the food web structure. Our results showed that illumination with <span class="hlt">violet</span> light provides a powerful tool for integrated pest management. This is the first report on the use of illumination to manipulate the behavior of natural enemies.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122..846H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRD..122..846H"><span>Numerical modeling of a multiscale gravity wave event and its <span class="hlt">airglow</span> signatures over Mount Cook, New Zealand, during the DEEPWAVE campaign</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Heale, C. J.; Bossert, K.; Snively, J. B.; Fritts, D. C.; Pautet, P.-D.; Taylor, M. J.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>A 2-D nonlinear compressible model is used to simulate a large-amplitude, multiscale mountain wave event over Mount Cook, NZ, observed as part of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign and to investigate its observable signatures in the hydroxyl (OH) layer. The campaign observed the presence of a λx=200 km mountain wave as part of the 22nd research flight with amplitudes of >20 K in the upper stratosphere that decayed rapidly at <span class="hlt">airglow</span> heights. Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) showed the presence of small-scale (25-28 km) waves within the warm phase of the large mountain wave. The simulation results show rapid breaking above 70 km altitude, with the preferential formation of almost-stationary vortical instabilities within the warm phase front of the mountain wave. An OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> model is used to identify the presence of small-scale wave-like structures generated in situ by the breaking of the mountain wave that are consistent with those seen in the observations. While it is easy to interpret these feature as waves in OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data, a considerable fraction of the features are in fact instabilities and vortex structures. Simulations suggest that a combination of a large westward perturbation velocity and shear, in combination with strong perturbation temperature gradients, causes both dynamic and convective instability conditions to be met particularly where the wave wind is maximized and the temperature gradient is simultaneously minimized. This leads to the inevitable breaking and subsequent generation of smaller-scale waves and instabilities which appear most prominent within the warm phase front of the mountain wave.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-30/pdf/2010-21577.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-30/pdf/2010-21577.pdf"><span>75 FR 52930 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Changed...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-08-30</p> <p>... From India: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Changed-Circumstances Review AGENCY: Import... order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from India to determine whether Meghmani Pigments (Meghmani) is the... initiation of an antidumping duty changed- circumstances review. See Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24066559','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24066559"><span>[Active carbon from Thalia dealbata residues: its preparation and adsorption performance to crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chu, Shu-Yi; Yang, Min; Xiao, Ji-Bo; Zhang, Jun; Zhu, Yan-Ping; Yan, Xiang-Jun; Tian, Guang-Ming</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>By using phosphoric acid as activation agent, active carbon was prepared from Thalia dealbata residues. The BET specific surface area of the active carbon was 1174.13 m2 x g(-1), micropore area was 426.99 m2 x g(-1), and average pore diameter was 3.23 nm. An investigation was made on the adsorption performances of the active carbon for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> from aqueous solution under various conditions of pH, initial concentration of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, contact time, and contact temperature. It was shown that the adsorbed amount of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> was less affected by solution pH, and the adsorption process could be divided into two stages, i. e., fast adsorption and slow adsorption, which followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. At the temperature 293, 303, and 313 K, the adsorption process was more accordance with Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 409.83, 425.53, and 438.59 mg x g(-1), respectively. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, and the randomness of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> molecules increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.8129B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.8129B"><span>Network for the Detection of Mesopause Change (NDMC): What can we learn from <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements in terms of better understanding atmospheric dynamics?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bittner, Michael</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The international Network for the Detection of Mesopause Change (NDMC, http://wdc.dlr.de/ndmc) is a global program with the mission to promote international cooperation among research groups investigating the mesopause region (80-100 km) with the goal of early identification of changing climate signals. NDMC is contributing to the European Project "Atmospheric dynamics Research Infrastructure in Europe, ARISE". Measurements of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at the mesopause altitude region (80-100km) from most of the European NDMC stations including spectro-photometers and imagers allow monitoring atmospheric variability at time scales comprising long-term trends, annual and seasonal variability, planetary and gravity waves and infrasonic signals. The measurements also allow validating satellite-based measurements such as from the TIMED-SABER instrument. Examples will be presented for <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements and for related atmospheric dynamics analysis on the abovementioned spatio-temporal scales and comparisons with satellite-based instruments as well as with LIDAR soundings in order to demonstrate the contribution of NDMC to the ARISE project.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........82A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........82A"><span><span class="hlt">Airglow</span> studies using observations made with the GLO instrument on the Space Shuttle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alfaro Suzan, Ana Luisa</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Our understanding of Earth's upper atmosphere has advanced tremendously over the last few decades due to our enhanced capacity for making remote observations from space. Space based observations of Earth's daytime and nighttime <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions are very good examples of such enhancements to our knowledge. The terrestrial nighttime <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, or nightglow, is barely discernible to the naked eye as viewed from Earth's surface. However, it is clearly visible from space - as most astronauts have been amazed to report. The nightglow consists of emissions of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared radiation from electronically excited oxygen molecules and atoms and vibrationally excited OH molecules. It mostly emanates from a 10 km thick layer located about 100 km above Earth's surface. Various photochemical models have been proposed to explain the production of the emitting species. In this study some unique observations of Earth's nightglow made with the GLO instrument on NASA's Space Shuttle, are analyzed to assess the proposed excitation models. Previous analyses of these observations by Broadfoot and Gardner (2001), performed using a 1-D inversion technique, have indicated significant spatial structures and have raised serious questions about the proposed nightglow excitation models. However, the observation of such strong spatial structures calls into serious question the appropriateness of the adopted 1-D inversion technique and, therefore, the validity of the conclusions. In this study a more rigorous 2-D tomographic inversion technique is developed and applied to the available GLO data to determine if some of the apparent discrepancies can be explained by the limitations of the previously applied 1-D inversion approach. The results of this study still reveal some potentially serious inadequacies in the proposed photochemical models. However, alternative explanations for the discrepancies between the GLO observations and the model expectations are suggested. These</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1259570-color-pure-violet-light-emitting-diodes-based-layered-lead-halide-perovskite-nanoplates','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1259570-color-pure-violet-light-emitting-diodes-based-layered-lead-halide-perovskite-nanoplates"><span>Color-Pure <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Layered Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Liang, Dong; Peng, Yuelin; Fu, Yongping</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Violet</span> electroluminescence is rare in both inorganic and organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Low-cost and room- temperature solution-processed lead halide perovskites with high- efficiency and color-tunable photoluminescence are promising for LEDs. Here, we report room-temperature color-pure <span class="hlt">violet</span> LEDs based on a two-dimensional lead halide perovskite material, namely, 2-phenylethylammonium (C 6H 5CH 2CH 2NH 3 +, PEA) lead bromide [(PEA) 2PbBr 4]. The natural quantum confinement of two-dimen- sional layered perovskite (PEA) 2PbBr 4 allows for photoluminescence of shorter wavelength (410 nm) than its three-dimensional counterpart. By converting as-deposited polycrystalline thin films to micrometer-sized (PEA) 2PbBr 4 nanoplates using solvent vapor annealing,more » we successfully integrated this layered perovskite material into LEDs and achieved efficient room-temperature <span class="hlt">violet</span> electroluminescence at 410 nm with a narrow bandwidth. This conversion to nanoplates significantly enhanced the crystallinity and photophysical properties of the (PEA) 2PbBr 4 samples and the external quantum efficiency of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED. Finally, the solvent vapor annealing method reported herein can be generally applied to other perovskite materials to increase their grain size and, ultimately, improve the performance of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite materials.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1259570-color-pure-violet-light-emitting-diodes-based-layered-lead-halide-perovskite-nanoplates','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1259570-color-pure-violet-light-emitting-diodes-based-layered-lead-halide-perovskite-nanoplates"><span>Color-Pure <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Layered Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Liang, Dong; Peng, Yuelin; Fu, Yongping; ...</p> <p>2016-06-23</p> <p><span class="hlt">Violet</span> electroluminescence is rare in both inorganic and organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Low-cost and room- temperature solution-processed lead halide perovskites with high- efficiency and color-tunable photoluminescence are promising for LEDs. Here, we report room-temperature color-pure <span class="hlt">violet</span> LEDs based on a two-dimensional lead halide perovskite material, namely, 2-phenylethylammonium (C 6H 5CH 2CH 2NH 3 +, PEA) lead bromide [(PEA) 2PbBr 4]. The natural quantum confinement of two-dimen- sional layered perovskite (PEA) 2PbBr 4 allows for photoluminescence of shorter wavelength (410 nm) than its three-dimensional counterpart. By converting as-deposited polycrystalline thin films to micrometer-sized (PEA) 2PbBr 4 nanoplates using solvent vapor annealing,more » we successfully integrated this layered perovskite material into LEDs and achieved efficient room-temperature <span class="hlt">violet</span> electroluminescence at 410 nm with a narrow bandwidth. This conversion to nanoplates significantly enhanced the crystallinity and photophysical properties of the (PEA) 2PbBr 4 samples and the external quantum efficiency of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED. Finally, the solvent vapor annealing method reported herein can be generally applied to other perovskite materials to increase their grain size and, ultimately, improve the performance of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite materials.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462973','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462973"><span>Albanian <span class="hlt">violets</span> of the section Melanium, their morphological variability, genetic similarity and their adaptations to serpentine or chalk soils.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Słomka, Aneta; Godzik, Barbara; Szarek-Łukaszewska, Grażyna; Shuka, Lulëzim; Hoef-Emden, Kerstin; Bothe, Hermann</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Violets</span> of the section Melanium from Albanian serpentine and chalk soils were examined for their taxonomic affiliations, their ability to accumulate heavy metals and their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region showed that all the sampled six Albanian <span class="hlt">violets</span> grouped between Viola lutea and Viola arvensis, but not with Viola tricolor. The fine resolution of the ITS sequences was not sufficient for a further delimitation of the Albanian <span class="hlt">violets</span> within the V. lutea-V. arvensis clade. Therefore, the Albanian <span class="hlt">violets</span> were classified by a set of morphological characters. Viola albanica, Viola dukadjinica and Viola raunsiensis from serpentine soils as well as Viola aetolica from a chalk meadow were unambiguously identified, whereas the samples of Viola macedonica showed high morphological variability. All the <span class="hlt">violets</span>, in both roots and shoots contained less than or similar levels of heavy metals as their harboring soils, indicating that they were heavy metal excluders. All the <span class="hlt">violets</span> were strongly colonized by AMF with the remarkable exception of V. albanica. This <span class="hlt">violet</span> lived as a scree creeper in shallow serpentine soil where the concentration of heavy metals was high but those of P, K and N were scarce. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..12212430O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..12212430O"><span>First Study on the Occurrence Frequency of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over West Africa Using an All-Sky <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Imager and GNSS Receivers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Okoh, Daniel; Rabiu, Babatunde; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Otsuka, Yuichi; Segun, Bolaji; Falayi, Elijah; Onwuneme, Sylvester; Kaka, Rafiat</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This is the first paper that reports the occurrence frequency of equatorial plasma bubbles and their dependences of local time, season, and geomagnetic activity based on <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging observations at West Africa. The all-sky imager, situated in Abuja (Geographic: 8.99°N, 7.38°E; Geomagnetic: 1.60°S), has a 180° fisheye view covering almost the entire airspace of Nigeria. Plasma bubbles are observed for 70 nights of the 147 clear-sky nights from 9 June 2015 to 31 January 2017. Differences between nighttime and daytime ROTIs were also computed as a proxy of plasma bubbles using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers within the coverage of the all-sky imager. Most plasma bubble occurrences are found during equinoxes and least occurrences during solstices. The occurrence rate of plasma bubbles was highest around local midnight and lower for hours farther away. Most of the postmidnight plasma bubbles were observed around the months of December to March, a period that coincides with the harmattan period in Nigeria. The on/off status of plasma bubble in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and GNSS observations were in agreement for 67.2% of the total 768 h, while we suggest several reasons responsible for the remaining 32.8% when the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and GNSS bubble status are inconsistent. A majority of the plasma bubbles were observed under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions (Dst ≥ -40 and Kp ≤ 3), but there was no significant pattern observed in the occurrence rate of plasma bubbles as a function of geomagnetic activity. We suggest that geomagnetic activities could have either suppressed or promoted the occurrence of plasma bubbles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/22925','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/22925"><span>Publications - GMC 386 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>from the FEX Limited Partnership Aklaq #<em>6</em> well and white light and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> photography of the FEX Limited Partnership Aklaq #2, Aklaq #<em>6</em>, and Aklaqyaak #1 wells Authors: Talisman Energy Inc. Publication results from the FEX Limited Partnership Aklaq #<em>6</em> well and white light and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> photography of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..121..650C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..121..650C"><span>Intermittency of gravity wave momentum flux in the mesopause region observed with an all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cao, Bing; Liu, Alan Z.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The intermittency of gravity wave momentum flux (MF) near the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer (˜87 km) in the mesopause region is investigated for the first time using observation of all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager over Maui, Hawaii (20.7°N, 156.3°W), and Cerro Pachón, Chile (30.3°S, 70.7°W). At both sites, the probability density function (pdf) of gravity wave MF shows two distinct distributions depending on the magnitude of the MF. For MF smaller (larger) than ˜16 m2 s-2 (0.091 mPa), the pdf follows a lognormal (power law) distribution. The intermittency represented by the Bernoulli proxy and the percentile ratio shows that gravity waves have higher intermittency at Maui than at Cerro Pachón, suggesting more intermittent background variation above Maui. It is found that most of the MF is contributed by waves that occur very infrequently. But waves that individually contribute little MF are also important because of their higher occurrence frequencies. The peak contribution is from waves with MF around ˜2.2 m2 s-2 at Cerro Pachón and ˜5.5 m2 s-2 at Maui. Seasonal variations of the pdf and intermittency imply that the background atmosphere has larger influence on the observed intermittency in the mesopause region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720018659','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720018659"><span>An atlas of low latitude 6300A (01) night <span class="hlt">airglow</span> from OGO-4 observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Reed, E. I.; Fowler, W. B.; Blamont, J. E.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>The atomic oxygen emission line at 6300 A, measured in the nadir direction by a photometer on the polar orbiting satellite OGO-4, was plotted between 40 deg N and 40 deg S latitude on a series of maps for the moon-free periods between 30 August 1967 and 10 January 1968 The longitudinal and local time variations which occur during the northern fall-winter season are indicated. The northern tropical arc is more widespread while the southern arc is not present at all longitudes. The conditions under which the observations were made are described, and four <span class="hlt">airglow</span> maps were selected to show the local time variations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730021619','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730021619"><span>Measurements of the Michigan <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observatory from 1971 to 1973 at Ester Dome Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mcwatters, K. D.; Meriwether, J. W.; Hays, P. B.; Nagy, A. F.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>The Michigan <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observatory (MAO) was located at Ester Dome Observatory, College, Alaska (latitude: 64 deg 53'N, longitude: 148 deg 03'W) since October, 1971. The MAO houses a 6-inch Fabry-Perot interferometer, a 2-channel monitoring photometer and a 4-channel tilting filter photometer. The Fabry-Perot interferometer was used extensively during the winter observing seasons of 1971-72 and 1972-73 to measure temperature and mass motions of the neutral atmosphere above approximately 90 kilometers altitude. Neutral wind data from the 1971-72 observing season as measured by observing the Doppler shift of the gamma 6300 A atomic oxygen emission line are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-10-13/pdf/2010-25777.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-10-13/pdf/2010-25777.pdf"><span>75 FR 62765 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed-Circumstances...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-13</p> <p>... From India: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed-Circumstances Review AGENCY: Import...-in-interest to Alpanil Industries. See Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Preliminary Results of... Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 75 FR 38076...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980007988','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980007988"><span>Consistency Between SC#21REF Solar XUV Energy Input and the 1973 Pioneer 10 Observations of the Jovian Photoelectron Excited H2 <span class="hlt">Airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gangopadhyay, P.; Ogawa, H. S.; Judge, D. L.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>It has been suggested in the literature that the F74113 solar spectrum for the solar minimum condition needs to be modified to explain the production of photoelectrons in the Earth's atmosphere. We have studied here the effect of another solar minimum spectrum, SC#21REF, on the Jovian upper atmosphere emissions and we have compared the predicted photoelectron excited H2 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> with the 1973 Pioneer 10 observations, analyzed according to the methodology of Shemansky and Judge (1988). In this model calculation we find that in 1973, the Jovian H2 band emissions can be accounted for almost entirely by photoelectron excitation, if the preflight calibration of the Pioneer 10 ultraviolet photometer is adopted. If the SC#21REF flux shortward of 250 A is multiplied by 2 as proposed by Richards and Torr (1988) then the Pioneer 10 calibration and/or the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> model used must be modified in order to have a self consistent set of observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-09/pdf/2010-5017.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-09/pdf/2010-5017.pdf"><span>75 FR 10759 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Initiation of Antidumping Duty Changed-Circumstances Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-09</p> <p>... dispersions in any form (e.g., pigment dispersed in oleoresins, flammable solvents, water) are not included... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-838] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23... changed-circumstances review of the antidumping duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 from India with...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..172a2028J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..172a2028J"><span>Adsorption of Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Dye Using Zeolite A Synthesized From Coal Fly Ash</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jumaeri; Kusumastuti, E.; Santosa, S. J.; Sutarno</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Adsorption of Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (CV) dye using zeolite A synthesized from coal fly ash (ZA) has been done. Effect of pH, contact time, and the initial concentration of dye adsorption was studied in this adsorption. Model experimental of adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were also studied. The adsorption is done in a batch reactor at room temperature. A total of 0.01 g of zeolite A was added to the Erlenmeyer flask 50 mL containing 20 mL of the dye solution of Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> in a variety of conditions of pH, contact time and initial concentration. Furthermore, Erlenmeyer flask and its contents were shaken using an orbital shaker at a speed of 200 rpm. After a specified period of adsorption, the solution was centrifuged for 2 minutes so that the solids separated from the solution. The concentration of the dye after adsorption determined using Genesis-20 Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the Zeolite A synthesized from coal fly ash could be used as an effective adsorbent for Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> dye. The optimum adsorption occurs at pH 6, and contact time 45 minutes. At the initial concentration of 2 to 6 mg/L, adsorption is reduced from 79 to 62.8%. Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> dye adsorption in zeolite A fulfilled kinetic model of pseudo-order 2 and model of Freundlich adsorption isotherm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333538','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333538"><span>Design and demonstration of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide bandgap AlGaN tunnel junctions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yuewei; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Akyol, Fatih</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) face critical limitations in both the injection efficiency and the light extraction efficiency due to the resistive and absorbing p-type contact layers. In this work, we investigate the design and application of polarization engineered tunnel junctions for <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide bandgap AlGaN (Al mole fraction >50%) materials towards highly efficient UV LEDs. We demonstrate that polarization-induced three dimensional charge is beneficial in reducing tunneling barriers especially for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. In addition, the design of graded tunnel junction structures could lead to low tunneling resistance below 10 –3 Ω cm 2 and lowmore » voltage consumption below 1 V (at 1 kA/cm 2) for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. Experimental demonstration of 292 nm emission was achieved through non-equilibrium hole injection into wide bandgap materials with bandgap energy larger than 4.7 eV, and detailed modeling of tunnel junctions shows that they can be engineered to have low resistance and can enable efficient emitters in the UV-C wavelength range.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1333538-design-demonstration-ultra-wide-bandgap-algan-tunnel-junctions','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1333538-design-demonstration-ultra-wide-bandgap-algan-tunnel-junctions"><span>Design and demonstration of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide bandgap AlGaN tunnel junctions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yuewei; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Akyol, Fatih; ...</p> <p>2016-09-19</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) face critical limitations in both the injection efficiency and the light extraction efficiency due to the resistive and absorbing p-type contact layers. In this work, we investigate the design and application of polarization engineered tunnel junctions for <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide bandgap AlGaN (Al mole fraction >50%) materials towards highly efficient UV LEDs. We demonstrate that polarization-induced three dimensional charge is beneficial in reducing tunneling barriers especially for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. In addition, the design of graded tunnel junction structures could lead to low tunneling resistance below 10 –3 Ω cm 2 and lowmore » voltage consumption below 1 V (at 1 kA/cm 2) for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. Experimental demonstration of 292 nm emission was achieved through non-equilibrium hole injection into wide bandgap materials with bandgap energy larger than 4.7 eV, and detailed modeling of tunnel junctions shows that they can be engineered to have low resistance and can enable efficient emitters in the UV-C wavelength range.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ihy..workE.135S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ihy..workE.135S"><span>OI 630.0 nm Night <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Observations during the Geomagnetic Storm on November 20, 2003 at Kolhapur (P43)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sharma, A. K.; et al.</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>sharma_ashokkumar@yahoo.com The ground based photometric observations of OI 630 nm emission line have been carried out from Kolhapur station (Geog. Lat.16.8˚N, Geo. Long 74.2˚E), India during the period of the largest geomagnetic storm of the solar cycle 23 which occurred on 20 November 2003, with minimum Dst index 472 nT occurring around mid-night hours. We observed that on 19 November 2003 which was geomagnetically quiet day, the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> activity of OI 630 nm emission was subdued and it was decreasing monotonically. However, on the night of November 20, 2003 the enhancement is observed during geomagnetic storm due to the increased electron density at the altitude of the F region which is related to the downward transport of electron from the plasmasphere to the F-region. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> intensity at OI 630.0 nm showed increase around midnight on November 21, 2003 but comparatively on a smaller scale. On this night the DST index was about 100 nT. This implies that the effect of the geomagnetic storm persisted on that night also. These observations have been explained by the penetration magnetospheric electric field to the low latitude region and the subsequent modulation of meridional wind during the magnetic disturbance at night.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AdSpR..54..554B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AdSpR..54..554B"><span>Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager (LiVHySI) for <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements onboard YOUTHSAT-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bisht, R. S.; Hait, A. K.; Babu, P. N.; Sarkar, S. S.; Benerji, A.; Biswas, A.; Saji, A. K.; Samudraiah, D. R. M.; Kirankumar, A. S.; Pant, T. K.; Parimalarangan, T.</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>The Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager (LiVHySI) is one of the Indian payloads onboard YOUTHSAT (inclination 98.73°, apogee 817 km) launched in April, 2011. The Hyper-spectral imager has been operated in Earth’s limb viewing mode to measure <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions in the spectral range 550-900 nm, from terrestrial upper atmosphere (i.e. 80 km altitude and above) with a line-of-sight range of about 3200 km. The altitude coverage is about 500 km with command selectable lowest altitude. This imaging spectrometer employs a Linearly Variable Filter (LVF) to generate the spectrum and an Active Pixel Sensor (APS) area array of 256 × 512 pixels, placed in close proximity of the LVF as detector. The spectral sampling is done at 1.06 nm interval. The optics used is an eight element f/2 telecentric lens system with 80 mm effective focal length. The detector is aligned with respect to the LVF such that its 512 pixel dimension covers the spectral range. The radiometric sensitivity of the imager is about 20 Rayleigh at noise floor through the signal integration for 10 s at wavelength 630 nm. The imager is being operated during the eclipsed portion of satellite orbits. The integration in the time/spatial domain could be chosen depending upon the season, solar and geomagnetic activity and/or specific target area. This paper primarily aims at describing LiVHySI, its in-orbit operations, quality, potential of the data and its first observations. The images reveal the thermospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at 630 nm to be the most prominent. These first LiVHySI observations carried out on the night of 21st April, 2011 are presented here, while the variability exhibited by the thermospheric nightglow at O(1D) 630 nm has been described in detail.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.6691D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.6691D"><span>The <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer emission altitude cannot be determined unambiguously from temperature comparison with lidars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunker, Tim</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>I investigate the nightly mean emission height and width of the OH* (3-1) layer by comparing nightly mean temperatures measured by the ground-based spectrometer GRIPS 9 and the Na lidar at ALOMAR. The data set contains 42 coincident measurements taken between November 2010 and February 2014, when GRIPS 9 was in operation at the ALOMAR observatory (69.3° N, 16.0° E) in northern Norway. To closely resemble the mean temperature measured by GRIPS 9, I weight each nightly mean temperature profile measured by the lidar using Gaussian distributions with 40 different centre altitudes and 40 different full widths at half maximum. In principle, one can thus determine the altitude and width of an <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer by finding the minimum temperature difference between the two instruments. On most nights, several combinations of centre altitude and width yield a temperature difference of ±2 K. The generally assumed altitude of 87 km and width of 8 km is never an unambiguous, good solution for any of the measurements. Even for a fixed width of ˜ 8.4 km, one can sometimes find several centre altitudes that yield equally good temperature agreement. Weighted temperatures measured by lidar are not suitable to unambiguously determine the emission height and width of an <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer. However, when actual altitude and width data are lacking, a comparison with lidars can provide an estimate of how representative a measured rotational temperature is of an assumed altitude and width. I found the rotational temperature to represent the temperature at the commonly assumed altitude of 87.4 km and width of 8.4 km to within ±16 K, on average. This is not a measurement uncertainty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/860388','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/860388"><span>Parametric Evaluation of an Innovative <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> PhotocatalyticOxidation (UVPCO) Air Cleaning Technology for Indoor Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hodgson, Alfred T.; Sullivan, Douglas P.; Fisk, William J.</p> <p>2005-10-31</p> <p>An innovative <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Photocatalytic Oxidation (UVPCO) air cleaning technology employing a semitransparent catalyst coated on a semitransparent polymer substrate was evaluated to determine its effectiveness for treating mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) representative of indoor environments at low, indoor-relevant concentration levels. The experimental UVPCO contained four 30 by 30-cm honeycomb monoliths irradiated with nine UVA lamps arranged in three banks. A parametric evaluation of the effects of monolith thickness, air flow rate through the device, UV power, and reactant concentrations in inlet air was conducted for the purpose of suggesting design improvements. The UVPCO was challenged with three mixturesmore » of VOCs. A synthetic office mixture contained 27 VOCs commonly measured in office buildings. A building product mixture was created by combining sources including painted wallboard, composite wood products, carpet systems, and vinyl flooring. The third mixture contained formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Steady state concentrations were produced in a classroom laboratory or a 20-m{sup 3} chamber. Air was drawn through the UVPCO, and single-pass conversion efficiencies were measured from replicate samples collected upstream and downstream of the reactor. Thirteen experiments were conducted in total. In this UVPCO employing a semitransparent monolith design, an increase in monolith thickness is expected to result in general increases in both reaction efficiencies and absolute reaction rates for VOCs oxidized by photocatalysis. The thickness of individual monolith panels was varied between 1.2 and 5 cm (5 to 20 cm total thickness) in experiments with the office mixture. VOC reaction efficiencies and rates increased with monolith thickness. However, the analysis of the relationship was confounded by high reaction efficiencies in all configurations for a number of compounds. These reaction efficiencies approached or exceeded 90% for alcohols</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431521','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431521"><span>Demonstration of lipofuscin and Nissl bodies in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stained sections using a fluorescence technique or pyronin Y stain.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Terr, L I</p> <p>1986-09-01</p> <p>This paper presents two simple, reliable methods for identification of lipofuscin and Nissl bodies in the same section. One method shows that lipofuscin stained with crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> retains its ability to fluoresce and can be observed under the fluorescence microscope after the stain has faded. Fading is accompanied by a gradual increase in the intensity of the fluorescence and is complete in about 5 min. Exciting illumination from this part of the spectrum also substantially fades staining of other autofluorescing tissue elements, such as lipids. Nonfluorescing structures, such as Nissl bodies, remain stained. By changing from transillumination with tungsten light to epifluorescent illumination and vice versa, both types of structures--Nissl bodies and lipofuscin--can be identified in the same section. The second technique uses pyronin Y for staining Nissl bodies in preparations previously stained with crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>. Nissl bodies are stained pink but lipofuscin remains <span class="hlt">violet</span>. Lipofuscin in these sections also remains autofluorescent after the crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain has faded under <span class="hlt">violet</span> or near-UV light.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28522161','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28522161"><span>Effect of blue and <span class="hlt">violet</span> light on polymerization shrinkage vectors of a CQ/TPO-containing composite.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sampaio, Camila S; Atria, Pablo J; Rueggeberg, Frederick A; Yamaguchi, Satoshi; Giannini, Marcelo; Coelho, Paulo G; Hirata, Ronaldo; Puppin-Rontani, Regina M</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>To evaluate the effect of light-curing wavelengths on composite filler particle displacement, and thus to visualize localized polymerization shrinkage in a resin-based composite (RBC) containing camphorquinone (CQ) and Lucirin TPO (TPO). Three light-curing units (LCUs) were used to light-cure a RBC containing CQ and TPO: a <span class="hlt">violet</span>-only, a blue-only, and a dual-wavelength, conventional (Polywave ® , emitting <span class="hlt">violet</span> and blue wavelengths simultaneously). Zirconia fillers were added to the RBC to act as filler particle displacement tracers. LCUs were characterized for total emitted power (mW) and spectral irradiant output (mW/cm 2 /nm). 2-mm high, 7-mm diameter silanized glass cylindrical specimens were filled in a single increment with the RBC, and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scans were obtained before and after light-curing, according to each LCU (n=6). Filler particle movement identified polymerization shrinkage vectors, traced using software, at five depths (from 0 up to 2mm): top, top-middle, middle, middle-bottom and bottom. Considering different RBC depths within the same LCU, use of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-only and conventional LCUs showed filler particle movement decreased with increased depth. Blue-only LCU showed homogeneous filler particle movement along the depths. Considering the effect of different LCUs within the same depth, filler particle movement within LCUs was not statistically different until the middle of the samples (P>.05). However, at the middle-bottom and bottom depths (1.5 and 2mm, respectively), blue-only LCU compared to <span class="hlt">violet</span>-only LCU showed higher magnitude of displacement vector values (P<.05). Use of the conventional LCU showed filler displacement magnitudes that were not significantly different than blue-only and <span class="hlt">violet</span>-only LCUs at any depth (P>.05). With respect to the direction of particle movement vectors, use of <span class="hlt">violet</span>-only LCU showed a greater displacement when close to the incident <span class="hlt">violet</span> LED; blue-only LCU showed equally distributed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMSA42A..04H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMSA42A..04H"><span>Optical imaging of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> structure in equatorial plasma bubbles at radio scintillation scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Holmes, J. M.; Pedersen, T.; Parris, R. T.; Stephens, B.; Caton, R. G.; Dao, E. V.; Kratochvil, S.; Morton, Y.; Xu, D.; Jiao, Y.; Taylor, S.; Carrano, C. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Imagery of optical emissions from F-region plasma is one of the few means available todetermine plasma density structure in two dimensions. However, the smallest spatial scalesobservable with this technique are typically limited not by magnification of the lens or resolutionof the detector but rather by the optical throughput of the system, which drives the integrationtime, which in turn causes smearing of the features that are typically moving at speeds of 100m/s or more. In this paper we present high spatio-temporal imagery of equatorial plasma bubbles(EPBs) from an imaging system called the Large Aperture Ionospheric Structure Imager(LAISI), which was specifically designed to capture short-integration, high-resolution images ofF-region recombination <span class="hlt">airglow</span> at λ557.7 nm. The imager features 8-inch diameter entranceoptics comprised of a unique F/0.87 lens, combined with a monolithic 8-inch diameterinterference filter and a 2x2-inch CCD detector. The LAISI field of view is approximately 30degrees. Filtered all-sky images at common <span class="hlt">airglow</span> wavelengths are combined with magneticfield-aligned LAISI images, GNSS scintillation, and VHF scintillation data obtained atAscension Island (7.98S, 14.41W geographic). A custom-built, multi-constellation GNSS datacollection system was employed that sampled GPS L1, L2C, L5, GLONASS L1 and L2, BeidouB1, and Galileo E1 and E5a signals. Sophisticated processing software was able to maintainlock of all signals during strong scintillation, providing unprecedented spatial observability ofL band scintillation. The smallest-resolvable scale sizes above the noise floor in the EPBs, as viewed byLAISI, are illustrated for integration times of 1, 5 and 10 seconds, with concurrentzonal irregularity drift speeds from both spaced-receiver VHF measurements and single-stationGNSS measurements of S4 and σφ. These observable optical scale sizes are placed in thecontext of those that give rise to radio scintillation in VHF and L band signals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2102923','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2102923"><span>Light Therapy in Mental Hospitals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cormac, H. Dove</p> <p>1929-01-01</p> <p>The position of actinotherapy in Mental Hospitals in this country is reviewed. An investigation of the results of <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> irradiation in mental disorders at Parkside Mental Hospital is described and it is shown that certain types of the psychoses appear to benefit. The physiological action of actinic rays in relation to mental disorders is discussed and their mode of action on the nervous system suggested. Reference is made to substances which sensitize the body tissues to sunlight and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> radiation. An allusion is made to glass, penetrable by a portion of the actinic rays, and its uses. The need for <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> ray apparatus in every mental hospital is urged both for treatment of mental and physical conditions and for the study of its action. PMID:19986837</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3625C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3625C"><span>New Mobile Lidar Systems Aboard <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Light Aircrafts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chazette, Patrick; Shang, Xiaoxia; Totems, Julien; Marnas, Fabien; Sanak, Joseph</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Two lidar systems embedded on <span class="hlt">ultra</span> light aircraft (ULA) flew over the Rhone valley, south-east of France, to characterize the vertical extend of pollution aerosols in this area influenced by large industrial sites. The main industrial source is the Etang de Berre (43°28' N, 5°01' E), close to Marseille city. The emissions are mainly due to metallurgy and petrochemical factories. Traffic related to Marseille's area contribute to pollution with its ~1500000 inhabitants. Note that the maritime traffic close to Marseille may play an important role due to its position as the leading French harbor . For the previous scientific purpose and for the first time on ULA, we flew a mini-N2 Raman lidar system to help the assessment of the aerosol optical properties. Another <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Rayleigh-Mie lidar has been integrated aboard a second ULA. The lidars are compact and eye safe instruments. They operate at the wavelength of 355 nm with a sampling along the line-of-sight of 0.75 m. Different flights plans were tested to use the two lidars in synergy. We will present the different approaches and discuss both their advantages and limitations. Acknowledgements: the lidar systems have been developed by CEA. They have been deployed with the support of FERRING France. We acknowledge the ULA pilots Franck Toussaint, François Bernard and José Coutet, and the Air Creation ULA Company for logistical help during the ULA campaign.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-10/pdf/2012-248.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-10/pdf/2012-248.pdf"><span>77 FR 1463 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From the People's Republic of China: Final Rescission of Antidumping...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-10</p> <p>... finished pigment in the form of presscake and dry color. Pigment dispersions in any form (e.g., pigments... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-892] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 (CVP-23) from the People's...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-06/pdf/2011-22744.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-06/pdf/2011-22744.pdf"><span>76 FR 55003 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Intent To Rescind...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-09-06</p> <p>... finished pigment in the form of presscake and dry color. Pigment dispersions in any form (e.g., pigments... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-892] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23... antidumping duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 (CVP 23) from the People's Republic of China (PRC). This...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28715781','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28715781"><span>Effects of blue or <span class="hlt">violet</span> light on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by riboflavin-5'-phosphate photolysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wong, Tak-Wah; Cheng, Chien-Wei; Hsieh, Zong-Jhe; Liang, Ji-Yuan</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The light sensitive compound riboflavin-5'-phosphate (or flavin mononucleotide, FMN) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photo-irradiation. FMN is required by all flavoproteins because it is a cofactor of biological blue-light receptors. The photochemical effects of FMN after irradiation by blue or <span class="hlt">violet</span> light on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus strains, including a methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA), were investigated in this study. Upon blue- or <span class="hlt">violet</span>-light photo-treatment, FMN was shown to inactivate S. aureus due to the generated ROS. Effective bacterial inactivation can be achieved by FMN photolysis without an exogenous electron provider. Inactivation rates of 94.9 and 95.2% in S. aureus and MRSA, respectively, can be reached by blue light irradiation (2.0mW/cm 2 ) with 120μM FMN for 120min. A lower FMN concentration and a shorter time are required to reach similar effects by <span class="hlt">violet</span> light irradiation. Inactivation rates of 96.3 and 97.0% in S. aureus and MRSA, respectively, can be reached by <span class="hlt">violet</span> light irradiation (1.0mW/cm 2 ) with 30μM FMN for 30min. The sensitivity of the inherent photosensitizers is lower under blue-light irradiation. A long exposure photolytic treatment of FMN by blue light is required to inactivate S. aureus. <span class="hlt">Violet</span> light was found to be more efficient in S. aureus inactivation at the same radiant intensity. FMN photolysis with blue or <span class="hlt">violet</span> light irradiation enhanced the inactivation rates of S. aureus and MRSA. FMN photochemical treatment could be a supplemental technique in hygienic decontamination processes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542886','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542886"><span>Evaluation of modified crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> chromoendoscopy procedure using new mucosal pit pattern classification for detection of Barrett's dysplastic lesions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yuki, T; Amano, Y; Kushiyama, Y; Takahashi, Y; Ose, T; Moriyama, I; Fukuhara, H; Ishimura, N; Koshino, K; Furuta, K; Ishihara, S; Adachi, K; Kinoshita, Y</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>Pit pattern diagnosis is important for endoscopic detection of dysplastic Barrett's lesions, though using magnification endoscopy can be difficult and laborious. We investigated the usefulness of a modified crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> chromoendoscopy procedure and utilised a new pit pattern classification for diagnosis of dysplastic Barrett's lesions. A total of 1,030 patients suspected of having a columnar lined oesophagus were examined, of whom 816 demonstrated a crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>-stained columnar lined oesophagus. The early group of patients underwent 0.05% crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> chromoendoscopy, while the later group was examined using 0.03% crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> with 3.0% acetate. A targeted biopsy of the columnar lined oesophagus was performed using crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> staining after making a diagnosis of closed or open type pit pattern with a newly proposed system of classification. The relationship between type of pit pattern and histologically identified dysplastic Barrett's lesions was evaluated. Dysplastic Barrett's lesions were identified in biopsy samples with an open type pit pattern with a sensitivity of 96.0%. Further, Barrett's mucosa with the intestinal predominant mucin phenotype was closely associated with the open type pit pattern (sensitivity 81.9%, specificity 95.6%). The new pit pattern classification for diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa was found to be useful for identification of cases with dysplastic lesions and possible malignant potential using a crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> chromoendoscopic procedure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711191"><span>Spectral enhancement of leucocrystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> treated footwear impression evidence in blood.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spence, Lindsay; Asmussen, Gary</p> <p>2003-03-27</p> <p>The results presented demonstrate the capacity for spectral enhancement to substantially improve the forensic examination of footwear impressions in blood treated with leucocrystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (LCV). The UV-Vis absorption spectra were generated of (i) an aqueous solution of leucocrystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, (ii) leucocrystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> in 3% H(2)O(2), (iii) LCV working solution and (iv) whole blood added to LCV working solution. The resultant fluorescence emission spectra were subsequently generated (lambda(ex)=630nm, lambda(em)=661-900nm). The results indicate that the UV-Vis absorption spectra of an unbuffered solution of whole blood with LCV working solution produces a strong absorbance curve with a maxima at 630nm. Subsequent excitation at this wavelength and generation of the emission spectrum in the fluorescence mode indicates that a solution of whole blood added to LCV working solution is an extremely weak fluorophore. Therefore, to enable an adequate and timely enhancement of blood impression evidence treated with LCV utilising either visible fluorescence or infrared luminescence requires (i) selection of the most appropriate excitation wavelength (lambda(ex)) and emission wavelength (lambda(em)) with extremely narrow band pass filters, which in the absence of substrate matrix interference is excitation at 630nm producing the emission maxima at 665nm and (ii) a visual enhancement system such as a CCD colour IR video camera with image integration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150008012&hterms=mercury&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dmercury','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150008012&hterms=mercury&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dmercury"><span>Sub-mm Scale Fiber Guided Deep/Vacuum <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Optical Source for Trapped Mercury Ion Clocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Yi, Lin; Burt, Eric A.; Huang, Shouhua; Tjoelker, Robert L.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>We demonstrate the functionality of a mercury capillary lamp with a diameter in the sub-mm range and deep ultraviolet (DUV)/ vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation delivery via an optical fiber integrated with the capillary. DUV spectrum control is observed by varying the fabrication parameters such as buffer gas type and pressure, capillary diameter, electrical resonator design, and temperature. We also show spectroscopic data of the 199Hg+ hyper-fine transition at 40.5GHz when applying the above fiber optical design. We present efforts toward micro-plasma generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with related optical design and theoretical estimations. This new approach towards a more practical DUV optical interface could benefit trapped ion clock developments for future <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stable frequency reference and time-keeping applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-2602.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602 - D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2. 74.2602 Section 74.2602 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR... safely used for coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458206','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458206"><span>Nature and origin of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> stains on the walls of a Roman tomb.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dominguez-Moñino, Irene; Diaz-Herraiz, Marta; Jurado, Valme; Laiz, Leonila; Miller, Ana Z; Santos, Juan Luis; Alonso, Esteban; Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>The Circular Mausoleum tomb (Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain) dates back from the first century AD and is characterized by a dense microbial (phototrophic) colonization on the walls and ceiling. However, some walls exhibited an important number of <span class="hlt">violet</span> stains of unknown origin. The microbial communities of these <span class="hlt">violet</span> stains are mainly composed of cyanobacteria, streptomycetes and fungi. A strain of Streptomyces parvus, isolated from the walls, produces a <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment in culture media. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the culture extracts obtained from this Streptomyces revealed the presence of a few granaticins, pigments with a benzoisochromanequinone structure. When metabolically active in the tomb, S. parvus synthesizes the pigments that diffuse into the mortar. During rain and/or wetting periods, the pigments are solubilized by alkaline waters and elute from the starting position to the surrounding mortar, enlarging the pigmented area and thus contributing to this exceptional biodeterioration phenomenon. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28505307','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28505307"><span>Sexual Dimorphism and Retinal Mosaic Diversification following the Evolution of a <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Receptor in Butterflies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCulloch, Kyle J; Yuan, Furong; Zhen, Ying; Aardema, Matthew L; Smith, Gilbert; Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge; Andolfatto, Peter; Briscoe, Adriana D</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Numerous animal lineages have expanded and diversified the opsin-based photoreceptors in their eyes underlying color vision behavior. However, the selective pressures giving rise to new photoreceptors and their spectral tuning remain mostly obscure. Previously, we identified a <span class="hlt">violet</span> receptor (UV2) that is the result of a UV opsin gene duplication specific to Heliconius butterflies. At the same time the <span class="hlt">violet</span> receptor evolved, Heliconius evolved UV-yellow coloration on their wings, due to the pigment 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OHK) and the nanostructure architecture of the scale cells. In order to better understand the selective pressures giving rise to the <span class="hlt">violet</span> receptor, we characterized opsin expression patterns using immunostaining (14 species) and RNA-Seq (18 species), and reconstructed evolutionary histories of visual traits in five major lineages within Heliconius and one species from the genus Eueides. Opsin expression patterns are hyperdiverse within Heliconius. We identified six unique retinal mosaics and three distinct forms of sexual dimorphism based on ommatidial types within the genus Heliconius. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis revealed independent losses of opsin expression, pseudogenization events, and relaxation of selection on UVRh2 in one lineage. Despite this diversity, the newly evolved <span class="hlt">violet</span> receptor is retained across most species and sexes surveyed. Discriminability modeling of behaviorally preferred 3-OHK yellow wing coloration suggests that the <span class="hlt">violet</span> receptor may facilitate Heliconius color vision in the context of conspecific recognition. Our observations give insights into the selective pressures underlying the origins of new visual receptors. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-19/pdf/2010-6090.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-19/pdf/2010-6090.pdf"><span>75 FR 13257 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Final Results of the Expedited Five-year (Sunset) Review...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-03-19</p> <p>...) and finished pigment in the form of presscake and dry color. Pigment dispersions in any form (e.g... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-533-839] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23... countervailing duty (CVD) order on Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 (CVP-23) [[Page 13258</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA33A2423T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA33A2423T"><span>Long-term variation of horizontal phase velocity and propagation direction of mesospheric and thermospheric gravity waves by using <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images obtained at Shigarkai, Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takeo, D.; Kazuo, S.; Hujinami, H.; Otsuka, Y.; Matsuda, T. S.; Ejiri, M. K.; Yamamoto, M.; Nakamura, T.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Atmospheric gravity waves generated in the lower atmosphere transport momentum into the upper atmosphere and release it when they break. The released momentum drives the global-scale pole-to-pole circulation and causes global mass transport. Vertical propagation of the gravity waves and transportation of momentum depend on horizontal phase velocity of gravity waves according to equation about dispersion relation of waves. Horizontal structure of gravity waves including horizontal phase velocity can be seen in the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images, and there have been many studies about gravity waves by using <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images. However, long-term variation of horizontal phase velocity spectrum of gravity waves have not been studied yet. In this study, we used 3-D FFT method developed by Matsuda et al., (2014) to analyze the horizontal phase velocity spectrum of gravity waves by using 557.7-nm (altitude of 90-100 km) and 630.0-nm (altitude of 200-300 km) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images obtained at Shigaraki MU Observatory (34.8 deg N, 136.1 deg E) over 16 years from October 1, 1998 to July 26, 2015. Results about 557.7-nm shows clear seasonal variation of propagation direction of gravity waves in the mesopause region. Between summer and winter, there are propagation direction anisotropies which probably caused by filtering due to zonal mesospheric jet and by difference of latitudinal location of wave sources relative to Shigaraki. Results about 630.0-nm shows clear negative correlation between the yearly power spectrum density of horizontal phase velocity and sunspot number. This negative correlation with solar activity is consistent with growth rate of the Perkins instability, which may play an important role in generating the nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances at middle latitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27677161','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27677161"><span>Topical gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> compared with nystatin oral suspension for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-1-infected participants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mukherjee, Pranab K; Chen, Huichao; Patton, Lauren L; Evans, Scott; Lee, Anthony; Kumwenda, Johnstone; Hakim, James; Masheto, Gaerolwe; Sawe, Frederick; Pho, Mai T; Freedberg, Kenneth A; Shiboski, Caroline H; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A; Salata, Robert A</p> <p>2017-01-02</p> <p>Compare the safety and efficacy of topical gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> with that of nystatin oral suspension (NYS) for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-1-infected adults in resource-limited settings. Multicenter, open-label, evaluator-blinded, randomized clinical trial at eight international sites, within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Adult HIV-infected participants with oropharyngeal candidiasis, stratified by CD4 cell counts and antiretroviral therapy status at study entry, were randomized to receive either gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> (0.00165%, BID) or NYS (500 000 units, QID) for 14 days. Cure or improvement after 14 days of treatment. Signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were evaluated in an evaluator-blinded manner. The study was closed early per Data Safety Monitoring Board after enrolling 221 participants (target = 494). Among the 182 participants eligible for efficacy analysis, 63 (68.5%) in the gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> arm had cure or improvement of oropharyngeal candidiasis versus 61 (67.8%) in the NYS arm, resulting in a nonsizable difference of 0.007 (95% confidence interval: -0.129, 0.143). There was no sizable difference in cure rates between the two arms (-0.0007; 95% confidence interval: -0.146, 0.131). No gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>-related adverse events were noted. No sizable differences were identified in tolerance, adherence, quality of life, or acceptability of study drugs. In gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> arm, 61 and 39% of participants reported 'no' and 'mild-to-moderate' staining, respectively. Cost for medication procurement was significantly lower for gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> versus NYS (median $2.51 and 19.42, respectively, P = 0.01). Efficacy of gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> was not statistically different than NYS, was well tolerated, and its procurement cost was substantially less than NYS.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=results&pg=2&id=EJ1126251','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=results&pg=2&id=EJ1126251"><span>Improving Student Results in the Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Chemical Kinetics Experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kazmierczak, Nathanael; Vander Griend, Douglas A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Despite widespread use in general chemistry laboratories, the crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> chemical kinetics experiment frequently suffers from erroneous student results. Student calculations for the reaction order in hydroxide often contain large asymmetric errors, pointing to the presence of systematic error. Through a combination of "in silico"…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800026554&hterms=day+night&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dday%2Bnight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800026554&hterms=day+night&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dday%2Bnight"><span>O2/1 Delta/ emission in the day and night <span class="hlt">airglow</span> of Venus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Connes, P.; Noxon, J. F.; Traub, W. A.; Carleton, N. P.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>An intense <span class="hlt">airglow</span> from O2(1 Delta) at 1.27 microns on both the light and the dark sides of Venus has been detected by using a ground-based high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer. Both dayglow and nightglow are roughly 1,000 times brighter than the visible O2 nightglow found by Veneras 9 and 10 in 1975. The column emission rate of O2(1 Delta) from Venus is close to the rate at which fresh O atoms are produced from photolysis of CO2 on the day side. Formation of O2(1 Delta) is thus a major step in the removal of O atoms from the atmosphere, and dynamical processes must carry these atoms to the night side fast enough to yield a maximum density near 90 km, which is almost constant over the planet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASTP..93...70P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASTP..93...70P"><span>Statistical analysis of infrasound signatures in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations: Indications for acoustic resonance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pilger, Christoph; Schmidt, Carsten; Bittner, Michael</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>The detection of infrasonic signals in temperature time series of the mesopause altitude region (at about 80-100 km) is performed at the German Remote Sensing Data Center of the German Aerospace Center (DLR-DFD) using GRIPS instrumentation (GRound-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometers). Mesopause temperature values with a temporal resolution of up to 10 s are derived from the observation of nocturnal <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions and permit the identification of signals within the long-period infrasound range.Spectral intensities of wave signatures with periods between 2.5 and 10 min are estimated applying the wavelet analysis technique to one minute mean temperature values. Selected events as well as the statistical distribution of 40 months of observation are presented and discussed with respect to resonant modes of the atmosphere. The mechanism of acoustic resonance generated by strong infrasonic sources is a potential explanation of distinct features with periods between 3 and 5 min observed in the dataset.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578109','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578109"><span>Detection of intracellular glutathione using ThiolTracker <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain and fluorescence microscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mandavilli, Bhaskar S; Janes, Michael S</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>Glutathione plays an important role in protecting mammalian cells from oxidative stress and cell death. Because reduced glutathione (GSH) represents the large majority of intracellular free thiols, cell-permeant, thiol-reactive fluorescent probes represent potentially useful indicators of intracellular GSH. The ThiolTracker <span class="hlt">Violet</span> stain (a registered trademark of Invitrogen) is a bright fluorescent probe that is highly reactive to thiols and can be used as a convenient and effective indicator of intracellular GSH and general redox status by a variety of detection modalities. While this probe has been validated in flow cytometry and microplate fluorimetry assays, the following method will describe details on the use of the ThiolTracker <span class="hlt">Violet</span> dye in traditional fluorescence microscopy, as well as high-content imaging and analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26394684','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26394684"><span>Adsorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> onto functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Equilibrium and kinetic studies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sabna, V; Thampi, Santosh G; Chandrakaran, S</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Synthetic dyes present in effluent from textile, paper and paint industries contain crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV), a known carcinogenic agent. This study investigates the modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by acid reflux method and equilibrium and kinetic behaviour of adsorption of CV onto functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWNTs) in batch system. High stability of the fMWNTs suspension in water indicates the hydrophilicity of fMWNTs induced due to the formation of functional groups that make hydrogen bonds with water molecules. fMWNTs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and the functional groups present on the fMWNTs were confirmed. Characteristic variation was observed in the FTIR spectra of fMWNTs after adsorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> onto it. Adsorption characteristics were evaluated as a function of system variables such as contact time, dosage of fMWNTs and initial concentration and pH of the crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> solution. Adsorption capacity of fMWNTs and percentage removal of the dye increased with increase in contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH but declined with increase in initial concentration of the dye. fMWNTs showed higher adsorption capacity compared to that of pristine MWNTs. Data showed good fit with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the pseudo-second order kinetic model; the maximum adsorption capacity was 90.52mg/g. Kinetic parameters such as rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities and regression coefficients were estimated. Results indicate that fMWNTs are an effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/227151-analysis-lyman-alpha-he-angstrom-airglow-measurements-using-spherical-radiative-transfer-model','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/227151-analysis-lyman-alpha-he-angstrom-airglow-measurements-using-spherical-radiative-transfer-model"><span>Analysis of Lyman {alpha} and He I 584-{Angstrom} <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements using a spherical radiative transfer model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bush, B.C.; Chakrabarti, S.</p> <p>1995-10-01</p> <p>The authors report on the scattering and excitation mechanisms of the terrestrial exospheric H I 1216-{Angstrom} <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions by comparing simulations from a radiative transfer model with spectroscopic measurements from an Earth-orbiting satellite. The purpose of these comparisons are twofold: to assess the sensitivity of the input parameters to the model results and to test the applicability of the model to <span class="hlt">airglow</span> analysis. The model incorporates a spherically oriented atmosphere to account for the extended scale heights of the exospheric scatterers as well as to properly mimic scattering across the terminator region from the dayside to the nightside hemispheres. Spectroscopicmore » Lyman {alpha} and He I 584 {Angstrom} data were obtained by the STP78-1 satellite that circumnavigated the Earth in a noon/midnight orbit at an altitude of 600 km. The {open_quotes}best fit{close_quotes} analysis of the Lyman {alpha} data acquired on March 25, 1979, requires scaling the hydrogen density distribution obtained from the MSIS-90 (Hedin) atmospheric model by 45-50%, the exospheric temperature by 90-100%, and the Lyman {alpha} solar flux predicted by EUV91 model (Tobiska) by 1.9-2.0. Similar analysis of the He I 584 {Angstrom} data acquired on March 5, 1979, requires scaling the helium density distribution obtained from the MSIS-90 (Hedin) atmospheric model by 60-80% and the exospheric temperature by 105-115% while using a line center 584-{Angstrom} solar flux of 1.44x10{sup 10} photons cm{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1} {Angstrom}{sup {minus}1}. 46 refs., 22 figs., 5 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=social+AND+interaction&pg=3&id=EJ1174550','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=social+AND+interaction&pg=3&id=EJ1174550"><span>The <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Experience: Social Interaction through Eclectic Music Learning Practices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Dakon, Jacob M.; Cloete, Elene</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this qualitative case study, we used participant observation and interviews to examine <span class="hlt">Violet</span>, a Flemish string youth orchestra. In doing so, we identify the qualities that constitute an 'eclectic' ensemble space, herein defined as a musical environment that uses a blend of informal and formal learning practices. Moreover, we emphasize how…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=243603','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=243603"><span>Fluorescence screening of leucomalachite green and leucogentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> residues in catfish</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The tripheylmethane dyes malachite green (MG) and gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> (GV) are effective fungicides, ectoparasiticides and disinfectants in aquaculture. This practice may leave toxic residues in seafood which is not allowed by FDA and many regulatory agencies worldwide. In this work, residues of their me...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA31A2387B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA31A2387B"><span>Mid-latitude response to geomagnetic storms observed in 630nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> over continental United States</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bhatt, A.; Kendall, E. A.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We present analysis of mid-latitude response observed to geomagnetic storms using the MANGO network consisting of all-sky cameras imaging 630nm emission over the continental United States. The response largely falls in two categories: Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc and Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs). However, outside of these phenomena, less often observed response include anomalous <span class="hlt">airglow</span> brightening, bright swirls, and frozen in traveling structures. We will present an analysis of various events observed over 3 years of MANGO network operation, which started with two imagers in the western US with addition of new imagers in the last year. We will also present unusual north and northeastward propagating waves often observed in conjunction with diffuse aurora. Wherever possible, we will compare with observations from Boston University imagers located in Massachusetts and Texas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2573T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2573T"><span>Statistical analysis of 16-year phase velocity distribution of mesospheric and ionospheric waves in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images: Comparison between Rikubetsu and Shigaraki, Japan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tsuchiya, S.; Shiokawa, K.; Fujinami, H.; Otsuka, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Yamamoto, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A new spectral analysis technique has been developed to obtain power spectra in the horizontal phase velocity by using the 3-D Fast Fourier Transform [Matsuda et al., JGR, 2014]. Takeo et al. (JGR, 2017) studied spectral parameters of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the mesopause region and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in the thermosphere over 16 years by using <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images at wavelengths of 557.7 nm (emission altitudes: 90-100 km) and 630.0 nm (200-300 km) obtained at Shigaraki (34.8N, 136.1E), Japan. In this study, we have applied the same spectral analysis technique to the 557.7 nm and 630.0-nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images obtained at Rikubetsu (43.5N, 143.8E), Japan, for 16 years from 1999 to 2014. We compared spectral features of AGWs and MSTIDs over 16 years observed at Shigaraki and Rikubetsu, which are separated by 1,174 km. The propagation direction of mesospheric AGWs seen in 557.7-nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images is northeastward in summer and southwestward in winter at both Shigaraki and Rikubetsu, probably due to wind filtering of these waves by the mesospheric jet. In winter, the propagation direction of AGWs gradually shifted from southwestward to northwestward as time progresses from evening to morning at both stations. We suggest that this local-time shift of propagation direction can also be explained by the wind filtering effect. The propagation direction of AGWs changed from southwestward to northeastward at Rikubetsu on the day of the reversal of eastward zonal wind at 60N and 10 hPa (about 35 km in altitude) by the stratospheric sudden warming (SSW), while such a SSW-associated change was not identified at Shigaraki, indicating that the effect of SSW wind reversal reached only to the Rikubetsu latitudes. For MSTIDs, there is a negative correlation between yearly variation of powers spectral density and F10.7 flux and propagation direction is southwestward in all season at both Shigaraki and Rikubetsu. This negative correlation can be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-2602a.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol1-sec74-2602a.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602a - Ext. D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>...,10-dioxo-1-anthracenyl) amino]-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid. (b) Specifications. Ext. D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF... than 0.1 percent. p- Toluidine sulfonic acids, sodium salts, not more than 0.2 percent. Subsidiary...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-2602a.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol1-sec74-2602a.pdf"><span>21 CFR 74.2602a - Ext. D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No. 2.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>...,10-dioxo-1-anthracenyl) amino]-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid. (b) Specifications. Ext. D&C <span class="hlt">Violet</span> No... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF... than 0.1 percent. p- Toluidine sulfonic acids, sodium salts, not more than 0.2 percent. Subsidiary...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=10476&hterms=EIT&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DEIT','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=10476&hterms=EIT&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DEIT"><span>STEREO's Extreme <span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> Imager (EUVI)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>At a pixel resolution of 2048x2048, the STEREO EUVI instrument provides views of the Sun in ultraviolet light that rivals the full-disk views of SOHO/EIT. This image is through the 171 Angstrom (ultraviolet) filter which is characteristic of iron ions (missing eight and nine electrons) at 1 million degrees. There is a short data gap in the latter half of the movie that creates a freeze and then jump in the data view. This is a movie of the Sun in 171 Angstrom ultraviolet light. The time frame is late January, 2007</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493330','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493330"><span>Improved panels for clinical immune phenotyping: Utilization of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ryherd, Mark; Plassmeyer, Matthew; Alexander, Connor; Eugenio, Ines; Kleschenko, Yuliya; Badger, Ariel; Gupta, Raavi; Alpan, Oral; Sønder, Søren Ulrik</p> <p>2017-05-10</p> <p>Clinical diagnostic laboratories are subject to numerous regulations imposed by government agencies. Laboratory developed tests for flow cytometry panels are essentially restricted to the use of analyte-specific reagents (ASR) antibodies. With the advances in clinical flow cytometry systems, there is a trend toward the utilization of blue/red/<span class="hlt">violet</span> laser flow systems and 8 to 10-color panels. Currently, the selection of commercially available ASR antibodies for the <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser is very limited. The market is dominated by Brilliant <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 421 (BV421) manufactured by BD Biosciences and Pacific Blue (PB) manufactured by Beckman Coulter. In this study, we compare BV421 and PB conjugated ASR antibodies. Whole blood was stained and acquired on a Gallios flow cytometer system. For single color staining, the stain index (SI) was calculated. For the two panels, the compensation matrix was calculated and the performance of the antibody cocktails analyzed in FCS Express. The results show that five out of six tested BV421 conjugated antibodies have significantly higher SI than their PB counterparts. Furthermore, BV421 antibodies require less compensation for spillover than PB. Finally, BV421 conjugated antibodies give better separation between negative and positive populations in the context of an 8 and 10 color panel without affecting the intensity of the other dyes. Overall, using BV421 conjugated antibodies results in better separation between populations compared to PB conjugated antibodies without negatively affecting other fluorochromes in our panels. We conclude that the BV421 conjugated ASR antibodies are currently the better available option for clinical flow panels. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17687171','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17687171"><span>Comparison of staining of mitotic figures by haematoxylin and eosin-and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stains, in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ankle, Madhuri R; Kale, Alka D; Charantimath, Seema</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Mitosis of cells gives rise to tissue integrity. Defects during mitosis bring about abnormalities. Excessive proliferation of cells due to increased mitosis is one such outcome, which is the hallmark in precancer and cancer. The localization of proliferating cells or their precursors may not be obvious and easy. Establishing an easy way to distinguish these mitotic cells will help in grading and understanding their biological potential. Although immunohistochemistry is an advanced method in use, the cost and time factor makes it less feasible for many laboratories. Selective histochemical stains like toluidine blue, giemsa and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> have been used in tissues including the developing brain, neural tissue and skin. 1) To compare the staining of mitotic cells in haematoxylin and eosin with that in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>. 2) To compare the number of mitotic figures present in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>-stained sections with that in H and E-stained sections. Ten tissues of normal oral mucosa and 15 tissues each of oral epithelial dysplasia seen in tobacco-associated leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma were studied to evaluate the selectivity of 1% crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> for mitotic figures. The staining was compared with standard H and E staining. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test. A statistically significant increase in the mean mitotic count was observed in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>-stained sections of epithelial dysplasia as compared to the H and E-stained sections (p=0.0327). A similar increase in the mitotic counts was noted in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>-stained sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma as compared to the H and E-stained sections.(p=0.0443). No significant difference was found in the mitotic counts determined in dysplasia or carcinoma by either the crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (p=0.4429) or the H and E-staining techniques (p=0.2717). One per cent crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> provides a definite advantage over the H</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21992973','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21992973"><span>Comparison of methylene blue/gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain to Gram's stain for the rapid diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taylor, Stephanie N; DiCarlo, Richard P; Martin, David H</p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>We compared a simple, one-step staining procedure using a mixture of methylene blue and gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> to Gram stain for the detection of gonococcal urethritis. The sensitivity and specificity of both Gram stain and methylene blue/gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain were 97.3% and 99.6%, respectively. There was a 100% correlation between the 2 methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18360466','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18360466"><span>Three-channel imaging fabry-perot interferometer for measurement of mid-latitude <span class="hlt">airglow</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shiokawa, K; Kadota, T; Ejiri, M K; Otsuka, Y; Katoh, Y; Satoh, M; Ogawa, T</p> <p>2001-08-20</p> <p>We have developed a three-channel imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer with which to measure atmospheric wind and temperature in the mesosphere and thermosphere through nocturnal <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions. The interferometer measures two-dimensional wind and temperature for wavelengths of 630.0 nm (OI, altitude, 200-300 km), 557.7 nm (OI, 96 km), and 839.9 nm (OH, 86 km) simultaneously with a time resolution of 20 min, using three cooled CCD detectors with liquid-N(2) Dewars. Because we found that the CCD sensor moves as a result of changes in the level of liquid N(2) in the Dewars, the cooling system has been replaced by thermoelectric coolers. The fringe drift that is due to changes in temperature of the etalon is monitored with a frequency-stabilized He-Ne laser. We also describe a data-reduction scheme for calculating wind and temperature from the observed fringes. The system is fully automated and has been in operation since June 1999 at the Shigaraki Observatory (34.8N, 136.1E), Shiga, Japan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29731942','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29731942"><span>Haemostasis in Oral Surgery with Blue-<span class="hlt">Violet</span> Light.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Veleska-Stevkoska, Daniela; Koneski, Filip</p> <p>2018-04-15</p> <p>The invasive dental procedures usually result in wounds accompanied by physiological bleeding. Even though the bleeding is easily manageable, it is still one of the major concerns of the patients and a reason for their subjective discomfort. Recently, a novel approach with light-emitting diode (LED) was introduced to control the bleeding. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the irradiation with blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> light LEDs on the haemostasis. The study included 40 patients with an indication for tooth extraction, divided into two groups: examination group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 10). The site of the extraction socket in the examination group was irradiated with LED (410 nm) until the bleeding stopped. The patients from the control group were treated by conventional gauze pressure to stop the bleeding (control group). The duration of irradiation and gauze pressure was measured and compared. The statistical analysis was performed with Student T-test. The examination group showed the shorter duration of bleeding compared to the control group for 13.67 seconds and 156 seconds, respectively. The most of the cases in the examination group were irradiated in 10 seconds (70%), followed by irradiation of 20 seconds (23.3%) and 30 seconds (6.6%). In the control group, the average time to stop the bleeding by the conventional method was 156 second. The blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> LED light shortens the bleeding time from the extraction socket after tooth extraction and may be a promising method for achieving haemostasis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28778007','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28778007"><span>Application of saponin biosurfactant and its recovery in the MEUF process for removal of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> from wastewater.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Samal, Kulbhushan; Das, Chandan; Mohanty, Kaustubha</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The potential of saponin, a biosurfactant, in the micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process was tested systematically for removal of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> from wastewater. For this, the aqueous extract of reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) pericarp which contains saponin was used as the biosurfactant. First, the micellar solubilization of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> in saponin micelles was investigated in terms of molar solubilization power (SP) of saponin. It was observed that the adsorption of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> on the agglomerates of saponin micelles was mainly responsible for the enhanced solubilization. The Gibbs free energy of solubilization (calculated as -29.63 kJ mol -1 ) suggested that process was feasible and spontaneous. The MEUF experiments were performed in batch as well as continuous mode using saponin biosurfactant, and the effect of operating parameters on permeate flux and solute retention were evaluated. The removal of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> in MEUF process was >99% achieved with 10 kDa polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for feed dye concentration of 250 mg L -1 at studied conditions. Finally, the saponin in permeate was recovered using n-heptane and n-butanol by solvent extraction process. The solvent n-butanol showed better extraction efficiency as compared to n-heptane for saponin extraction. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..307..207N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..307..207N"><span>Extreme ultraviolet spectra of Venusian <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observed by EXCEED</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nara, Yusuke; Yoshikawa, Ichiro; Yoshioka, Kazuo; Murakami, Go; Kimura, Tomoki; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Tsuchiya, Fuminori; Kuwabara, Masaki; Iwagami, Naomoto</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of Venus in the wavelength range 520 - 1480 Å with 3 - 4 Å resolutions were obtained in March 2014 by an EUV imaging spectrometer EXCEED (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics) on the HISAKI spacecraft. Due to its high sensitivity and long exposure time, many new emission lines and bands were identified. Already known emissions such as the O II 834 Å, O I 989 Å, H ILy - β 1026 Å, and the C I 1277 Å lines (Broadfoot et al., 1974; Bertaux et al., 1980; Feldman et al., 2000) are also detected in the EXCEED spectrum. In addition, N2 band systems such as the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (a 1Πg - X 1Σg+) (2, 0), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2) and (5, 3) bands, the Birge-Hopfield (b1Πu - X 1 Σg+) (1, 3) band, and the Carroll-Yoshino (c 4‧ 1 Σu+ - X 1Σg+) (0, 0) and (0, 1) bands together are identified for the first time in the Venusian <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. We also identified the CO Hopfield-Birge (B 1Σ+ - X 1Σ+) (1, 0) band in addition to the already known (0, 0) band, and the CO Hopfield-Birge (C 1Σ+ - X 1Σ+) (0, 1), (0, 2) bands in addition to the already known (0, 0) band (Feldman et al., 2000; Gérard et al., 2011).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000082009&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000082009&hterms=solar+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dsolar%2Benergy"><span>Solar Energy Deposition Rates in the Mesosphere Derived from <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Measurements: Implications for the Ozone Model Deficit Problem</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mlynczak, Martin G.; Garcia, Rolando R.; Roble, Raymond G.; Hagan, Maura</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>We derive rates of energy deposition in the mesosphere due to the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by ozone. The rates are derived directly from measurements of the 1.27-microns oxygen dayglow emission, independent of knowledge of the ozone abundance, the ozone absorption cross sections, and the ultraviolet solar irradiance in the ozone Hartley band. Fifty-six months of <span class="hlt">airglow</span> data taken between 1982 and 1986 by the near-infrared spectrometer on the Solar-Mesosphere Explorer satellite are analyzed. The energy deposition rates exhibit altitude-dependent annual and semi-annual variations. We also find a positive correlation between temperatures and energy deposition rates near 90 km at low latitudes. This correlation is largely due to the semiannual oscillation in temperature and ozone and is consistent with model calculations. There is also a suggestion of possible tidal enhancement of this correlation based on recent theoretical and observational analyses. The <span class="hlt">airglow</span>-derived rates of energy deposition are then compared with those computed by multidimensional numerical models. The observed and modeled deposition rates typically agree to within 20%. This agreement in energy deposition rates implies the same agreement exists between measured and modeled ozone volume mixing ratios in the mesosphere. Only in the upper mesosphere at midlatitudes during winter do we derive energy deposition rates (and hence ozone mixing ratios) consistently and significantly larger than the model calculations. This result is contrary to previous studies that have shown a large model deficit in the ozone abundance throughout the mesosphere. The climatology of solar energy deposition and heating presented in this paper is available to the community at the Middle Atmosphere Energy Budget Project web site at http://heat-budget.gats-inc.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032818','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032818"><span>Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain as a selective stain for the assessment of mitotic figures in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jadhav, Kiran B; Ahmed Mujib, B R; Gupta, Nidhi</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Assessment of mitotic figures (MFs) is routinely practiced as prognostic indicator in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but identification of MFs poses a problem in terms of staining characteristics. To evaluate effectiveness of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain for staining of MFs and its comparison with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain. Study sample includes archival tissues embedded in paraffin blocks diagnosed as OED (n = 30) and OSCC (n = 30). The control group comprised of tissue specimen from oral mucosa of healthy volunteers (n = 30). Two serial sections of each tissue specimen were stained separately with H and E stain and 1% crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain. The stained sections were observed under microscope for identification and counting of MFs. Data obtained was statistically analyzed by using the Man-Whitney U test. A significant increase in number of MFs was observed in OED and OSCC in comparison with normal oral mucosa. There was a highly significant increase in number of MFs in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stained tissue sections when compared with H and E stain. Metaphase is the most commonly observed phase of mitosis in crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain when compared with H and E stain for all three groups. Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stain can be considered as selective stain for mitotic figures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29442987','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29442987"><span>Cresyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Adsorption on Sonicated Graphite Oxide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coello-Fiallos, D; Cazzanelli, E; Tavolaro, A; Tavolaro, P; Arias, M; Caputi, L S</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We present a study of adsorption of Cresyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (CV) in aqueous solution on sonicated Graphite Oxide (sGO). For comparison, we also show adsorption results of Methylene Blue (MB) and Acridine Orange (AO) performed in the same conditions. The adsorbent was synthesized by the Tour's method followed by washing in water and ethanol and sonication, without any reduction, and studied by Raman, IR, UV-Vis, SEM and TEM techniques. Our results show that adsorption fits the pseudosecond order model for the three dyes, and that the adsorption quantity for CV is 125.0 mg g-1, while for MB and AO is 123.3 and 94.6 mg g-1 respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-S72-40820.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-S72-40820.html"><span>EXPERIMENT - APOLLO 16 (UV)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1972-06-06</p> <p>S72-40820 (21 April 1972) --- A color enhancement of a photograph taken on <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light showing the spectrum of the upper atmosphere of Earth and geocorona. The bright horizontal line is far <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> emission (1216 angstrom) of hydrogen extending 10 degrees (40,000 miles) either side of Earth. The knobby vertical line shows several <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> emissions from Earth's sunlit atmosphere, each "lump" being produced by one type gas (oxygen, nitrogen, helium, etc.). The spectral dispersion is about 10 angstrom per millimeter on this enlargement. The UV camera/spectrograph was operated on the lunar surface by astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission. It was designed and built at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. While astronauts Young and Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Orion" to explore the Descartes highlands region of the moon, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) "Casper" in lunar orbit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=376876','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=376876"><span>Vibrios from Fish Pen Slime Which Mimic Escherichia coli on <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Red Bile Agar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rosen, A.; Levin, R. E.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>Organisms from fish pen slime which mimicked coliforms and Escherichia coli on <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Red Bile Agar were identified as members of the genus Vibrio on the basis of metabolic and morphological characteristics. Images PMID:4195607</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.3748L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.3748L"><span>Characteristics of ripple structures revealed in OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Jing; Li, Tao; Dou, Xiankang; Fang, Xin; Cao, Bing; She, Chiao-Yao; Nakamura, Takuji; Manson, Alan; Meek, Chris; Thorsen, Denise</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Small-scale ripple structures observed in OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images are most likely induced by either dynamic instability due to large wind shear or convective instability due to superadiabatic lapse rate. Using the data set taken in the mesopause region with an OH all-sky imager at Yucca Ridge Field Station, Colorado (40.7°N, 104.9°W), from September 2003 to December 2005, we study the characteristics and seasonal variations of ripple structures. By analyzing the simultaneous background wind and temperature observed by the nearby sodium temperature/wind lidar at Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105°W), and a nearby medium-frequency radar at Platteville, Colorado (40.2°N, 105.8°W), we are able to statistically study the possible relation between ripples and the background atmosphere conditions. Characteristics and seasonal variations of ripples are presented in detail in this study. The occurrence frequency of ripples exhibits clear seasonal variability, with peak in autumn. The occurrence of ripples shows a local time dependence, which is most likely associated with the solar tides. The lifetime and spatial scale of these ripples are typically 5-20 min and 5-10 km, respectively, and most of the ripples move preferentially either southward or northward. However, more than half of the observed ripples do not advect with background flow; they have higher Richardson numbers than those ripples that advect with background flow. It is possible that they are not instability features but wave structures that are hard to be distinguished from the real instability features.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-03/pdf/2011-10761.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-03/pdf/2011-10761.pdf"><span>76 FR 24855 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Rescission of Administrative Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-05-03</p> <p>... From India: Rescission of Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on carbazole <span class="hlt">violet</span> pigment 23 (CVP 23) from India for the... Federal Register the antidumping duty order on CVP 23 from India. See Notice of Amended Final...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=161881','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=161881"><span>Decolorization of Malachite Green and Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> by Waterborne Pathogenic Mycobacteria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jones, Jefferson J.; Falkinham III, Joseph O.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium chelonae tolerate high concentrations of the dyes malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>. Cells of strains of those species decolorized (reduced) both malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>. Because decolorized malachite green lacked antimicrobial activity, the resistance of these mycobacteria could be due, in part, to their ability to decolorize the dyes. Small amounts of malachite green and its reduced, decolorized product were detected in the lipid fraction of M. avium strain A5 cells grown in the presence of malachite green, suggesting that a minor component of resistance could be due to sequestering the dyes in the extensive mycobacterial cell surface lipid. The membrane fraction of M. avium strain A5 had at least a fivefold-higher specific decolorization rate than did the crude extract, suggesting that the decolorization activity is membrane associated. The malachite green-decolorizing activity of the membrane fraction of M. avium strain A5 was abolished by either boiling or proteinase exposure, suggesting that the decolorizing activity was due to a protein. Decolorization activity of membrane fractions was stimulated by ferrous ion and inhibited by dinitrophenol and metyrapone. PMID:12821489</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EP%26S...70...88T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EP%26S...70...88T"><span>Initiation of a lightning search using the lightning and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> camera onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takahashi, Yukihiro; Sato, Mitsuteru; Imai, Masataka; Lorenz, Ralph; Yair, Yoav; Aplin, Karen; Fischer, Georg; Nakamura, Masato; Ishii, Nobuaki; Abe, Takumi; Satoh, Takehiko; Imamura, Takeshi; Hirose, Chikako; Suzuki, Makoto; Hashimoto, George L.; Hirata, Naru; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Sato, Takao M.; Yamada, Manabu; Murakami, Shin-ya; Yamamoto, Yukio; Fukuhara, Tetsuya; Ogohara, Kazunori; Ando, Hiroki; Sugiyama, Ko-ichiro; Kashimura, Hiroki; Ohtsuki, Shoko</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The existence of lightning discharges in the Venus atmosphere has been controversial for more than 30 years, with many positive and negative reports published. The lightning and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> camera (LAC) onboard the Venus orbiter, Akatsuki, was designed to observe the light curve of possible flashes at a sufficiently high sampling rate to discriminate lightning from other sources and can thereby perform a more definitive search for optical emissions. Akatsuki arrived at Venus during December 2016, 5 years following its launch. The initial operations of LAC through November 2016 have included a progressive increase in the high voltage applied to the avalanche photodiode detector. LAC began lightning survey observations in December 2016. It was confirmed that the operational high voltage was achieved and that the triggering system functions correctly. LAC lightning search observations are planned to continue for several years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113805','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113805"><span>Rhabdomyolysis and exercise-associated hyponatremia in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-bikers and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-runners.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chlíbková, Daniela; Knechtle, Beat; Rosemann, Thomas; Tomášková, Ivana; Novotný, Jan; Žákovská, Alena; Uher, Tomáš</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), rhabdomyolysis and renal failure appear to be a unique problem in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance racers. We investigated the combined occurrence of EAH and rhabdomyolysis in seven different <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance races and disciplines (i.e. multi-stage mountain biking, 24-h mountain biking, 24-h <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-running and 100-km <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-running). Two (15.4%) <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-runners (man and woman) from hyponatremic <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-athletes (n = 13) and four (4%) <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-runners (four men) from the normonatremic group (n = 100) showed rhabdomyolysis following elevated blood creatine kinase (CK) levels > 10,000 U/L without the development of renal failure and the necessity of a medical treatment. Post-race creatine kinase, plasma and urine creatinine significantly increased, while plasma [Na(+)] and creatine clearance decreased in hyponatremic and normonatremic athletes, respectively. The percentage increase of CK was higher in the hyponatremic compared to the normonatremic group (P < 0.05). Post-race CK levels were higher in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-runners compared to mountain bikers (P < 0.01), in faster normonatremic (P < 0.05) and older and more experienced hyponatremic <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-athletes (P < 0.05). In all finishers, pre-race plasma [K(+)] was related to post-race CK (P < 0.05). Hyponatremic <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-athletes tended to develop exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis more frequently than normonatremic <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-athletes. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-runners tended to develop rhabdomyolysis more frequently than mountain bikers. We found no association between post-race plasma [Na(+)] and CK concentration in both hypo- and normonatremic <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-athletes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA33A2424C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMSA33A2424C"><span>Relationship between Ripples and Gravity Waves Observed in OH <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> over the Andes Lidar Observatory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cao, B.; Gelinas, L. J.; Liu, A. Z.; Hecht, J. H.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Instabilities generated by large amplitude gravity waves are ubiquitous in the mesopause region, and contribute to the strong forcing on the background atmosphere. Gravity waves and ripples generated by instability are commonly detected by high resolution <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imagers that measure the hydroxyl emissions near the mesopause ( 87 km). Recently, a method based on 2D wavelet is developed by Gelinas et al. to characterize the statistics of ripple parameters from the Aerospace Infrared Camera at Andes Lidar Observatory located at Cerro Pachón, Chile (70.74°W, 30.25°S). In the meantime, data from a collocated all-sky imager is used to derive gravity wave parameters and their statistics. In this study, the relationship between the ripples and gravity waves that appeared at the same time and location are investigated in terms of their orientations, magnitudes and scales, to examine the statistical properties of the gravity wave induced instabilities and the ripples they generate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26998858','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26998858"><span>Sensitive detection of malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> by nonlinear laser wave mixing and capillary electrophoresis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maxwell, Eric J; Tong, William G</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>An ultrasensitive label-free antibody-free detection method for malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> is presented using nonlinear laser wave-mixing spectroscopy and capillary zone electrophoresis. Wave-mixing spectroscopy provides a sensitive absorption-based detection method for trace analytes. This is accomplished by forming dynamic gratings within a sample cell, which diffracts light to create a coherent laser-like signal beam with high optical efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio. A cubic dependence on laser power and square dependence on analyte concentration make wave mixing sensitive enough to detect molecules in their native form without the use of fluorescent labels for signal enhancement. A 532 nm laser and a 635 nm laser were used for malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> sample excitation. The use of two lasers of different wavelengths allows the method to simultaneously detect both analytes. Selectivity is obtained through the capillary zone electrophoresis separation, which results in characteristic migration times. Measurement in capillary zone electrophoresis resulted in a limit of detection of 6.9 × 10(-10)M (2.5 × 10(-19) mol) for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and 8.3 × 10(-11)M (3.0 × 10(-20) mol) for malachite green at S/N of 2. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847594','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847594"><span>Investigation of new dyes for chromovitrectomy: preclinical biocompatibility of trisodium, orangell and methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Badaro, Emmerson; Souza-Lima, Rodrigo A; Novais, Eduardo A; Maia, Mauricio; Hirai, Flávio; Meyer, Carsten H; Farah, Michel Eid; Rodrigues, Eduardo B</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>To investigate the retinal toxicity by electroretinography (ERG), clinical examination and histology after intravitreal injection of biological stains in two concentrations: Trisodium (0.50 g/L and 1.00 g/L), Orangell (0.25 g/L and 1.00 g/L) and Methyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (0.50 g/L and 1.00 g/L). Eighteen New-Zealand albinos rabbits were assigned in six groups (n = 3 in each group). The animals in group 1 received Trisodium in the dose of 0.50 g/L and group 2 received 1.00 g/L; Group 3 received Orangell in the dose of 0.25 g/L and group 4 received 1.00 g/L; Group 5 received Methyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> in the dose of 1.00 g/L and group 6 received 0.50 g/L. A volume of 0.05 mL of dye was injected in the right eyes, whereas the left eyes received the same volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) as control. ERG recordings and clinical examination were performed at baseline and seven days after intravitreal injection. The ERG responses at one week after injection were compared with baseline levels. A decrease in the post-injection amplitude of more than 50% was considered remarkable. After the 7-day follow-up, rabbits were euthanized and eye enucleated for light microscopy (LM) histological evaluation. At clinical examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy seven days after dye injection, all eyes were negative for cataract, hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and intraocular opacities. Amplitude analysis of maximum scotopic b-wave showed no significant reduction in either dye injected or control eyes. Neither dye nor BSS caused significant retinal alteration on LM at doses tested. Trisodium, Orangell and Methyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> can be applied in future studies in order to prove the capacity to stain preretinal tissues and vitreous without toxicity. The three dyes did not induce significant ERG amplitude reduction or LM alterations in this preliminary experimental research. Trisodium, Orangell and Methyl <span class="hlt">Violet</span> may be potentially useful vital dyes for ocular surgery, and deserve further</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917516','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917516"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked bacon by a combination of SPE and DLLME.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Xiaofang; Zhou, Shu; Zhu, Quanfei; Ye, Yong; Chen, Huaixia</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>A sample pretreatment method, solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SPE-DLLME), was established for the sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked bacon samples. In the SPE-DLLME process, three PAHs including naphthalene (Naph), phenanthrene (Phen) and pyrene (Pyr) were extracted from samples and transferred into C18 SPE cartridge. The target analytes were subsequently eluted with 1.2 ml of acetonitrile-dichloromethane (5:1, v/v) mixture solution. The eluent was injected directly into the 5.0 ml ultrapure water in the subsequent DLLME procedure. The sedimented phase was concentrated under a gentle nitrogen flow to 120.0 µl. Finally, the analytes in the extraction solvent were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> detector. Some important extraction parameters affecting the performance, such as the sample solution flow rate, breakthrough volume, salt addition as well as the type and volume of the elution solvent were optimized. The developed method provided an <span class="hlt">ultra</span> enrichment factors for PAHs ranged from 3478 to 3824. The method was applied for the selective extraction and sensitive determination of PAHs in smoked bacon samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.05, 0.01, 0.02 μg kg(-1) for Naph, Phen, Pyr, respectively. © The Author [2013]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22594383-ray-diffraction-gratings-precise-control-ultra-low-blaze-angle-via-anisotropic-wet-etching','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22594383-ray-diffraction-gratings-precise-control-ultra-low-blaze-angle-via-anisotropic-wet-etching"><span>X-ray diffraction gratings: Precise control of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low blaze angle via anisotropic wet etching</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Naulleau, Patrick; Gullikson, Eric M.</p> <p>2016-07-25</p> <p>Diffraction gratings are used from micron to nanometer wavelengths as dispersing elements in optical instruments. At shorter wavelengths, crystals can be used as diffracting elements, but due to the 3D nature of the interaction with light are wavelength selective rather than wavelength dispersing. There is an urgent need to extend grating technology into the x-ray domain of wavelengths from 1 to 0.1 nm, but this requires the use of gratings that have a faceted surface in which the facet angles are very small, typically less than 1°. Small facet angles are also required in the extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> and soft x-ray energymore » ranges in free electron laser applications, in order to reduce power density below a critical damage threshold. In this work, we demonstrate a technique based on anisotropic etching of silicon designed to produce very small angle facets with a high degree of perfection.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/861030','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/861030"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Photocatalytic Oxidation (UVPCO) forIndoor Air Applications: Conversion of Volatile Organic Compounds at LowPart-per-Billion Concentrations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hodgson, Alfred T.; Sullivan, Douglas P.; Fisk, William J.</p> <p>2005-09-30</p> <p>Efficient removal of indoor generated airborne particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in office buildings and other large buildings may allow for a reduction in outdoor air supply rates with concomitant energy savings while still maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in these buildings. <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Photocatalytic Oxidation (UVPCO) air cleaners have the potential to achieve the necessary reductions in indoor VOC concentrations at relatively low cost. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted with a scaled, prototype UVPCO device designed for use in a duct system. The experimental UVPCO contained two 30 by 30-cm honeycomb monoliths coated with titanium dioxide andmore » 3% by weight tungsten oxide. The monoliths were irradiated with 12 UVC lamps arranged in four banks. The UVPCO was challenged with four mixtures of VOCs typical of mixtures encountered in indoor air. A synthetic office mixture contained 27 VOCs commonly measured in office buildings. A cleaning product mixture contained three cleaning products with high market shares. A building product mixture was created by combining sources including painted wallboard, composite wood products, carpet systems, and vinyl flooring. A fourth mixture contained formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Steady-state concentrations were produced in a classroom laboratory or a 20-m{sup 3} environmental chamber. Air was drawn through the UVPCO, and single pass conversion efficiencies were measured from replicate air samples collected upstream and downstream of the reactor section. Concentrations of the mixtures were manipulated, with concentrations of individual VOCs mostly maintained below 10 ppb. Device flow rates were varied between 165 and 580 m{sup 3}/h. Production of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, formic acid, and acetic acid as reaction products was investigated. Conversion efficiency data were generated for 48 individual VOCs or groups of closely related compounds. Alcohols and glycol ethers were</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598697','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598697"><span>Quirks of dye nomenclature. 8. Methylene blue, azure and <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cooksey, C J</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Methylene blue was synthesized in 1877 and soon found application in medicine, staining for microscopy and as an industrial dye and pigment. An enormous literature has accumulated since its introduction. Early on, it was known that methylene blue could be degraded easily by demethylation; consequently, the purity of commercial samples often was low. Therefore, demethylation products, such as azures and methylene <span class="hlt">violet</span>, also are considered here. The names and identity of the components, their varying modes of manufacture, analytical methods and their contribution to biological staining are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=297835','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=297835"><span>Differential inheritance of pepper (capsicum annum) fruit pigments results in black to <span class="hlt">violet</span> fruit color</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Color and appearance of fruits and vegetables are critical determinants of product quality and may afford high-value market opportunities. Exploiting the rich genetic diversity in Capsicum, we characterized the inheritance of black and <span class="hlt">violet</span> immature fruit color and chlorophyll, carotenoid and ant...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..253G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..253G"><span>Mesospheric front observations by the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager carried out at Ferraz Station on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, in 2011</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giongo, Gabriel Augusto; Valentin Bageston, José; Prado Batista, Paulo; Wrasse, Cristiano Max; Dornelles Bittencourt, Gabriela; Paulino, Igo; Paes Leme, Neusa Maria; Fritts, David C.; Janches, Diego; Hocking, Wayne; Schuch, Nelson Jorge</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The main goals of this work are to characterize and investigate the potential wave sources of four mesospheric fronts identified in the hydroxyl near-infrared (OH-NIR) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images, obtained with an all-sky <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager installed at Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (EACF, as per its Portuguese acronym) located on King George Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. We identified and analyzed four mesospheric fronts in 2011 over King George Island. In addition, we investigate the atmospheric background environment between 80 and 100 km altitude and discuss the ducts and propagation conditions for these waves. For that, we used wind data obtained from a meteor radar operated at EACF and temperature data obtained from the TIMED/SABER satellite. The vertical wavenumber squared, m2, was calculated for each of the four waves. Even though no clearly defined duct (indicated by positive values of m2 sandwiched between layers above and below with m2 < 0) was found in any of the events, favorable propagation conditions for horizontal propagation of the fronts were found in three cases. In the fourth case, the wave front did not find any duct support and it appeared to dissipate near the zenith, transferring energy and momentum to the medium and, consequently, accelerating the wind in the wave propagation direction (near to south) above the OH peak (88-92 km). The likely wave sources for these four cases were investigated by using meteorological satellite images and in two cases we could find that strong instabilities were potential sources, i.e., a cyclonic activity and a large convective cloud cell. In the other two cases it was not possible to associate troposphere sources as potential candidates for the generation of such wave fronts observed in the mesosphere and secondary wave sources were attributed to these cases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMSA11A..05A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMSA11A..05A"><span>Cassini UVIS Observations of Titan Ultraviolet <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Spectra with Laboratory Modeling from Electron- and Proton-Excited N2 Emission Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ajello, J. M.; West, R. A.; Malone, C. P.; Gustin, J.; Esposito, L. W.; McClintock, W. E.; Holsclaw, G. M.; Stevens, M. H.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Joseph M. Ajello, Robert A. West, Rao S. Mangina Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 Charles P. Malone Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 & Department of Physics, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834 Michael H. Stevens Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 Jacques Gustin Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium A. Ian F. Stewart, Larry W. Esposito, William E. McClintock, Gregory M. Holsclaw Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 E. Todd Bradley Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed photon emissions of Titan's day and night limb-<span class="hlt">airglow</span> and disk-<span class="hlt">airglow</span> on multiple occasions, including three eclipse observations from 2009 through 2010. The 77 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations analyzed in this paper show EUV (600-1150 Å) and FUV (1150-1900 Å) atomic multiplet lines and band emissions (lifetimes less than ~100 μs), including the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band system, arising from photoelectron induced fluorescence and solar photo-fragmentation of molecular nitrogen (N2). The altitude of peak UV emission on the limb of Titan during daylight occurred inside the thermosphere/ionosphere (near 1000 km altitude). However, at night on the limb, the same emission features, but much weaker in intensity, arise in the lower atmosphere below 1000 km (lower thermosphere, mesosphere, haze layer) extending downwards to near the surface at ~300 km, possibly resulting from proton- and/or heavier ion-induced emissions as well as secondary-electron-induced emissions. The eclipse observations are unique. UV emissions were observed during only one of the three eclipse events, and no Vegard-Kaplan (VK) or LBH emissions were seen. Through regression analysis using</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-18/pdf/2010-14797.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-18/pdf/2010-14797.pdf"><span>75 FR 34699 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-18</p> <p>... from India: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration... review of the countervailing duty order on Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23(CVP-23) from India. See... Pigments requesting an administrative review of the countervailing duty order on CVP-23 from India for the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109001','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109001"><span>Treatment of oral thrush in HIV/AIDS patients with lemon juice and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wright, S C; Maree, J E; Sibanyoni, M</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>The purpose of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of lemon juice and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) in the treatment of oral thrush in HIV/AIDS patients when compared with the control group using gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> aqueous solution 0.5%. Oral thrush is a frequent complication of HIV infection. In the Moretele Hospice, due to financial constraints, the treatment routinely given to patients with oral thrush is either lemon juice directly into the mouth or a lemon grass infusion made from lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) grown and dried at the hospice. These two remedies have been found to be very efficacious therefore are used extensively. Gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>, the first line medication for oral thrush in South Africa, is not preferred by the primary health clinic patients due to the visible purple stain which leads them to being stigmatized as HIV-positive. Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus limon have known antifungal properties. The study design was a randomised controlled trial. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span>, lemon juice or lemon grass. Inclusion criteria included being HIV-positive with a diagnosis of oral thrush. The study period was 11 days and patients were followed up every second day. International ethical principles were adhered to during the study. Of the 90 patients, 83 completed the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, none of the p-values were significant therefore the null hypothesis could not be rejected. In the analysis of the participants who actually completed the trial, the lemon juice showed better results than the gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> aqueous solution 0.5% in the treatment of oral thrush in an HIV-positive population (p<0.02). The null hypothesis in terms of the lemon grass and gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> could also be rejected on the basis of the Chi-square test and the likelihood ratio test (p<0.05). Though the patient population was small, the use of lemon juice and lemon grass for the treatment of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4030516','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4030516"><span>Isolation and Characterization of Paracoccus sp. GSM2 Capable of Degrading Textile Azo Dye Reactive <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bheemaraddi, Mallikarjun C.; Shivannavar, Channappa T.; Gaddad, Subhashchandra M.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A potential bacterial strain GSM2, capable of degrading an azo dye Reactive <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5 as a sole source of carbon, was isolated from textile mill effluent from Solapur, India. The 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics indicated an isolated organism as Paracoccus sp. GSM2. This strain exhibited complete decolorization of Reactive <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5 (100 mg/L) within 16 h, while maximally it could decolorize 800 mg/L of dye within 38 h with 73% decolorization under static condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0–9.0 and 25–40°C, respectively. The isolate was able to decolorize more than 70% of five structurally different azo dyes within 38 h. The isolate is salt tolerant as it can bring out more than 90% decolorization up to a salt concentration of 2% (w/v). UV-Visible absorption spectra before and after decolorization suggested that decolorization was due to biodegradation and was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall results indicate the effectiveness of the strain GSM2 explored for the treatment of textile industry effluents containing various azo dyes. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on biodegradation of Reactive <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5 by Paracoccus sp. GSM2. PMID:24883397</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4211942-survival-red-blood-cells-blood-treated-gentian-violet-its-importance-prophylaxis-chagas-disease-transmitted-during-transfusion','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4211942-survival-red-blood-cells-blood-treated-gentian-violet-its-importance-prophylaxis-chagas-disease-transmitted-during-transfusion"><span>SURVIVAL OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS OF BLOOD TREATED WITH GENTIAN <span class="hlt">VIOLET</span>. ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE PROPHYLAXIS OF CHAGAS DISEASE TRANSMITTED DURING TRANSFUSION (in Spanish)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Maspes, V.; Pieroni, R.R.; Mellone, O.</p> <p>1959-01-01</p> <p>The utility of adding gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> to blood to be transfused for prophylaxis of Chanas disease is discussed. It is quite useful in regions where a high percentage of blood donore are infected, The survivial of the erythrocytes in blood treated with sufficient gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> to kill Trypanosoma Cruzi (1: 4,000) is studied. The study was made at 4 deg C with chromium as the labeling substance, Mean cell life values found varied from 66 to 91 days. It was concluded that other properties of erythrcytes are not significantly changed, Therefore, the wide use of gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> in the prophylaxismore » of Chagas disease is recommended. (auth)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014sptz.prop11016C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014sptz.prop11016C"><span>SMUVS: Spitzer Matching survey of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>VISTA <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep Stripes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Caputi, Karina; Ashby, Matthew; Fazio, Giovanni; Huang, Jiasheng; Dunlop, James; Franx, Marijn; Le Fevre, Olivier; Fynbo, Johan; McCracken, Henry; Milvang-Jensen, Bo; Muzzin, Adam; Ilbert, Olivier; Somerville, Rachel; Wechsler, Risa; Behroozi, Peter; Lu, Yu</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>We request 2026.5 hours to homogenize the matching <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep IRAC data of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>VISTA <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep stripes, producing a final area of ~0.6 square degrees with the deepest near- and mid-IR coverage existing in any such large area of the sky (H, Ks, [3.6], [4.5] ~ 25.3-26.1 AB mag; 5 sigma). The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>VISTA <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep stripes are contained within the larger COSMOS field, which has a rich collection of multi-wavelength, ancillary data, making it ideal to study different aspects of galaxy evolution with high statistical significance and excellent redshift accuracy. The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>VISTA <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep stripes are the region of the COSMOS field where these studies can be pushed to the highest redshifts, but securely identifying high-z galaxies, and determining their stellar masses, will only be possible if <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep mid-IR data are available. Our IRAC observations will allow us to: 1) extend the galaxy stellar mass function at redshifts z=3 to z=5 to the intermediate mass regime (M~5x10^9-10^10 Msun), which is critical to constrain galaxy formation models; 2) gain a factor of six in the area where it is possible to effectively search for z>=6 galaxies and study their properties; 3) measure, for the first time, the large-scale structure traced by an unbiased galaxy sample at z=5 to z=7, and make the link to their host dark matter haloes. This cannot be done in any other field of the sky, as the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>VISTA <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep stripes form a quasi-contiguous, regular-shape field, which has a unique combination of large area and photometric depth. 4) provide a unique resource for the selection of secure z>5 targets for JWST and ALMA follow up. Our observations will have an enormous legacy value which amply justifies this new observing-time investment in the COSMOS field. Spitzer cannot miss this unique opportunity to open up a large 0.6 square-degree window to the early Universe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591848','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591848"><span>Biochar pyrolyzed from MgAl-layered double hydroxides pre-coated ramie biomass (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.): Characterization and application for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> removal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tan, Xiao-Fei; Liu, Yun-Guo; Gu, Yan-Ling; Liu, Shao-Bo; Zeng, Guang-Ming; Cai, Xiaoxi; Hu, Xin-Jiang; Wang, Hui; Liu, Si-Mian; Jiang, Lu-Hua</p> <p>2016-12-15</p> <p>A novel biochar/MgAl-layered double hydroxides composite (CB-LDH) was prepared for the removal of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> from aqueous solution by pyrolyzing MgAl-LDH pre-coated ramie stem (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.). Pyrolysis played dual role for both converting biomass into biochar and calcining MgAl-LDH during the pyrolysis process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the CB-LDH. The results of characterization suggested that the calcined LDH was successfully synthesized and coated on biochar. The resulted CB-LDH had higher total pore volume and more functional groups than the pristine biochar. Adsorption experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The rate-controlled step was controlled by film-diffusion initially and then followed by intra-particle diffusion. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The higher pH and temperature of the solution enhanced the adsorption performance. CB-LDH could also have excellent ability for the removal of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> from the actual industrial wastewater and groundwater with high ionic strength. LDH adsorption, electrostatic attraction, pore-filling, π-π interaction and hydrogen bond might be the main mechanisms for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> adsorption on CB-LDH. The results of this study indicated that CB-LDH is a sustainable and green adsorbent with high performance for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> contaminated wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29210692','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29210692"><span>Preparation and catalytic performance of copper-containing magnetic catalysts for degradation of azo dye (direct <span class="hlt">violet</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Duan, Qiannan; Lee, Jianchao; Chen, Han; Zheng, Yunyun</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A novel magnetically separable magnetic activated carbon supporting-copper (MCAC) catalyst for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was prepared by chemical impregnation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The catalytic performance of the catalysts was evaluated by direct <span class="hlt">violet</span> (D-BL) degradation in CWPO experiments. The influence of preparative and operational parameters (dipping conditions, calcination temperature, catalyst loading H 2 O 2 dosage, pH, reaction temperature, additive salt ions and initial D-BL concentration) on degradation performance of CWPO process was investigated. The resulting MCAC catalyst showed higher reusability in direct <span class="hlt">violet</span> oxidation than the magnetic activated carbon (MAC). Besides, dynamic tests also showed the maximal degradation rate reached 90.16% and its general decoloring ability of MCAC was 34 mg g -1 for aqueous D-BL.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307805','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307805"><span>Comparison and evaluation of mitotic figures in oral epithelial dysplasia using crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and Feulgen stain.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rao, Roopa S; Patil, Shankargouda; Agarwal, Anveeta</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Routine staining procedures often pose a problem in differentiating a mitotic cell from an apoptotic cell, deteriorating the reliability of histology grading. Although various new methods have been recommended for identifying mitotic figures (MFs) in tissues, the time factor and cost makes them less feasible. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and Feulgen reaction in identifying MFs and also to see for any variation in the number of MFs in various grades of Epithelial dysplasia. 1. Using crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and Feulgen stain in the identification and counting of MFs on diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia and thereby to evaluate their efficacy. 2. To evaluate the variation in the number of MFs in various grades of epithelial dysplasia. The study sample includes retrieval of 30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections diagnosed for different grades of epithelial dysplasia (WHO grading system, 2005) from the archives, Department of Oral Pathology, MSRDC, Bengaluru. Ten tissue sections each of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia were stained with H&E, Feulgen and 1% crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> stains and the number of MFs were counted. Five cases of cervical carcinoma were taken as control. Stained sections were compared, and data obtained was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A significant increase in the number of MFs (p = 0.02) was observed in Feulgen stained sections as compared to H&E stain. Feulgen stain can be considered as a simple, reliable, cost-effective and reproducible method of staining MFs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27770922','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27770922"><span>PLGA nano/microparticles loaded with cresyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> as a tracer for drug delivery: Characterization and in-situ hyperspectral fluorescence and 2-photon localization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lunardi, Claure N; Gomes, Anderson J; Palepu, Sandeep; Galwaduge, P Thilanka; Hillman, Elizabeth M C</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Here we present the production, characterization and in-vivo assessment of cresyl <span class="hlt">violet</span>-loaded biodegradable PLGA nano/microparticles (CV-NP and CV-MP). We demonstrate that the beneficial spectral characteristics of cresyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> make it suitable as a tracer for particle-based drug delivery using both hyperspectral wide field and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Particles were prepared using a cosolvent method, after which the physicochemical properties such as morphology, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in vitro drug release behavior were measured in addition to spectroscopic properties, such as absorption, fluorescence and infrared spectra. The particles were then tested in an in vivo mouse model to assess their biodistribution characteristics. The location and integrity of particles after injection was determined using both hyperspectral fluorescence and two-photon microscopy within intact organs in situ. Our results show that cresyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> is efficiently entrapped into PLGA particles, and that the particles are spherical in shape, ranging from 300 to 5070nm in diameter. Particle biodistribution in the mouse was found to depend on particle size, as expected. Cresyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> is shown to be an ideal tracer to assess the properties PLGA particle-based drug delivery in combination with our novel multi-scale optical imaging techniques for in-situ particle localization. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950058911&hterms=twilight&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950058911&hterms=twilight&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>Sensitivity of the 6300 A twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span> to neutral composition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Melendez-Alvira, D. J.; Torr, D. G.; Richards, P. G.; Swift, W. R.; Torr, M. R.; Baldridge, T.; Rassoul, H.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The field line interhemispheric plasma (FLIP) model is used to study the 6300 A line intensity measured during three morning twilights from the McDonald Observatory in Texas. The Imaging Spectrometric Observatory (ISO) measured the 6300 A intensity during the winter of 1987 and the spring and summer of 1988. The FLIP model reproduces the measured intensity and its variation through the twilight well on each day using neutral densities from the MSIS-86 empirical model. This is in spite of the fact that different component sources dominate the integrated volume emission rate on each of the days analyzed. The sensitivity of the intensity to neutral composition is computed by varying the N2, O2, and O densities in the FLIP model and comparing to the intensity computed with the unmodified MSIS-86 densities. The ion densities change self-consistently. Thus the change in neutral composition also changes the electron density. The F2 peak height is unchanged in the model runs for a given day. The intensity changes near 100 deg SZA are comparable to within 10% when either (O2), (N2), or (O) is changed, regardless of which component source is dominant. There is strong sensitivity to changes in (N2) when dissociative recombination is dominant, virtually no change in the nighttime (SZA greater than or equal to 108 deg) intensity with (O2) doubled, and sensitivity of over 50% to doubling or halving (O) at night. When excitation by conjugate photoelectrons is the dominant nighttime component source, the relative intensity change with (O) doubled or halved is very small. This study shows the strong need for simultaneous measurements of electron density and of emissions proportional to photoelectron fluxes if the 6300 A twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is to be used to retrieve neutral densities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMAE31B3408W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMAE31B3408W"><span>The D-Region Ledge at Nighttime: Why are Elves Collocated with the OH Meinel Band <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Layer?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Y. J.; Williams, E. R.; Hsu, R. R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Imager of Sprite and Upper Atmosphere Lightning (ISUAL) onboard the Taiwanese satellite Formosat-2 has continuously observed transient luminous events (TLEs) within the +/-60 degree range of latitude for a decade since May 2004. The lightning electromagnetic pulse is responsible for Elves , the dominate TLE type which accounts for approximately 80% of the total TLE count according to the ISUAL global survey. By analyzing the limb-viewed images with a wavelength filter of 622.8-754nm, 72% of elves are found to be 'glued' to the OH Meinel band (~630nm) nightglow layer within its thickness of 8km, with the OH layer normally at an altitude of 87 km (Huang et al., 2010).This collocation of elves and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer is frequently dismissed as coincidence, since the physical mechanisms for the formation of the two optical phenomena are macroscopically quite different. However, a common ingredient in the atmospheric chemistry is monatomic oxygen. O is needed to make O3 and ultimately hydroxyl OH, the main radiative species of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer. O is also needed to form nitric oxide NO, the species with the lowest known ionization potential (9.26 eV) in the D-region. Thomas (1990) has documented steep increases in O concentration in the 83-85 km altitude range and Hale (1985) has found steep increases in electrical conductivity in the 84-85 km range, both with rocket measurements. A great simplification of the nighttime ionosphere is the presence of a single photon energy—10.2 eV—Lyman-α, originating in monatomic H in the Earth's geocorona. A simple Chapman layer calculation for the altitude of maximum photo-dissociation of O2, using the measured absorption cross-section of O2 at the Lyman-α energy, shows an altitude of maximum O production at 85 km. Elve emission in the nitrogen first positive band is enhanced by the presence of free electrons from ionized NO, but too large a conductivity will lead to the exclusion of the radiation field from the lightning return</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-12/pdf/2010-11320.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-12/pdf/2010-11320.pdf"><span>75 FR 26716 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-12</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-533-839] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from India: Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review... the preliminary results of the administrative review of the countervailing duty order on carbazole...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950029567&hterms=university+college&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Duniversity%2Bcollege','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950029567&hterms=university+college&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Duniversity%2Bcollege"><span>Interpretation of satellite <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations during the March 22, 1979, magnetic storm, using the coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model developed at University College, London</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Parish, H. F.; Gladstone, G. R.; Chakrabarti, S.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The University of California, Berkeley, extreme ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the U.S. Air Force STP 78-1 satellite measured emission features in the Earth's dayglow due to neutral and ionized species in the atmosphere, in the 35 to 140-nm range. The spectrometer was operating between March 1979 and March 1980, including the period of the magnetic storm on March 22, 1979. Some of these measurements are interpreted using the predictions of the three-dimensional time-dependent coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model developed at University College, London. The observations show a reduction in the atomic oxygen 130.4-nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission at high northern latitudes following the storm. Model simulations show that this reduction in 130.4-nm emission is associated with an increase in the O2/O ratio. Analysis of model results using electron transport and radiative transport codes show that the brightness of 130.4-nm emission at high latitudes due to resonantly scattered sunlight is approximately twice that due to photoelectron impact excitation. However, the observed decrease in the brightness at high northern latitudes is mainly due to a change in the photoelectron impact source, which contributes approximately 75% of the total, as well as its multiple scattering component; for the photoelectron impact source at 70 deg latitude and 200 km altitude, the reduction in multiple scattering is 1.5 times greater than the reduction in the initial excitation. The reduction in the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emission is visible only in the norther n hemisphere because the south pole was not sunlit over the storm period. The comparison of model results with observations suggests that 130.4-nm emission may be useful as a tracer for global changes in the concentration of atomic energy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929728','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929728"><span>Enhanced tetrazolium <span class="hlt">violet</span> reduction of Salmonella spp. by magnesium addition to the culture media.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Junillon, Thomas; Morand, Lucie; Flandrois, Jean Pierre</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Tetrazolium salts (TTZ), such as tetrazolium <span class="hlt">violet</span> (TV), have been widely used for microbiological studies. The formation of the colored formazan product due to bacterial reduction of the uncolored reagent is extensively exploited to stain cells or colonies in agar or on filters. But an important toxic effect of tetrazolium salts on bacteria exists that limits their use at high concentrations, impairing the efficient staining of the colonies. This is especially the case for Salmonella spp. where we observed, using a classic photometric approach and mathematical modeling of the growth, an important impact of tetrazolium <span class="hlt">violet</span> on the apparent growth rate below the inhibitory concentration. In this study, we demonstrate that adding magnesium to the medium in the presence of TV leads to a significant increase in the apparent growth rate. Moreover, when higher TV concentrations are used which lead to total inhibition of Salmonella strains, magnesium addition to the culture media allows growth and TV reduction. This effect of magnesium may allow the use of higher TTZ concentrations in liquid growth media and enhance bacteria detection capabilities. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740018790','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740018790"><span>Laboratory studies on the excitation and collisional deactivation of metastable atoms and molecules in the aurora and <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zipf, E. C.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The aeronomy group at the University of Pittsburgh is actively engaged in a series of coordinated satellite, sounding rocket, and laboratory studies designed to expand and clarify knowledge of the physics and chemistry of planetary atmospheres. Three major discoveries have been made that will lead ultimately to a complete and dramatic revision of our ideas on the ionospheres of Mars, Venus, and the Earth and on the origin of their vacuum ultraviolet <span class="hlt">airglows</span>. The results have already suggested a new generation of ionosphere studies which probably can be carried out best by laser heterodyning techniques. Laboratory studies have also identified, for the first time, the physical mechanism responsible for the remarkable nitric oxide buildup observed in some auroral arcs. This development is an important break-through in auroral physics, and has military ramifications of considerable interest to the Department of Defense. This work may also shed some light on related NO and atomic nitrogen problems in the mesosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..115...69Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..115...69Z"><span>Assembly of potassium niobate nanosheets/silver oxide composite films with good SERS performance towards crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Kun; Hong, Zhen; Kang, Shi-Zhao; Qin, Lixia; Li, Guodong; Li, Xiangqing</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The orderly potassium niobate nanosheets/silver oxide (Ag2O) composite films with uniform morphology were achieved by layer-by-layer self-assembly combined with ultraviolet light irradiation. The composition, structure and morphology of the potassium niobate nanosheets/Ag2O composite films were studied by XPS, XRD and SEM. Furthermore, the films were used as a SERS probe to detect crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> molecules. The results showed that the potassium niobate nanosheets/Ag2O composite films were an active substrate for fast and sensitive detection of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> with low concentration. The limit of detection by the films can reach 1 × 10-6 mol L-1. Both electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement contributed to the enhanced SERS in the (potassium niobate nanosheets/Ag2O)4 films. Moreover, it was found that the films were relatively stable under light irradiation or heat treatment in a certain range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23211911W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23211911W"><span>Improved Astronomical Instrumentation for the Far <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Witt, Emily M.; Fleming, Brian; Egan, Arika; Tyler, Rachel; Wiley, James</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Recent technological advances have opened up new instrument capabilities in the ultraviolet. Of particular interest are advanced deposition processes that have made lithium fluoride (LiF) based mirrors more accessible, achieving greater than 80% broadband reflectivity down into the Lyman UV (100 nm). Traditional MgF2 protected aluminum mirrors cut off at 115 nm, missing crucial tracers of warm gas and molecules. The hygroscopic sensitivity of LiF, which adds mission risk and cost, has also been mitigated with a thin capping layer of a more durable substance, making LiF mirrors accessible without onerous environmental procedures. These advances open up a new paradigm in UV astronomy by enabling multi-reflection systems in the Lyman UV. We present recent progress in the testing of eLiF-based optics, and then discuss the potential scientific avenues this opens up in UV astronomy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P23F..04I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P23F..04I"><span>Exploring Mercury's Surface in <span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> from Orbit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Izenberg, N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The MESSENGER Mission's Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS) component of its Mercury Atmosphere and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument obtained approximately 4600 point observations of Mercury's surface in middle ultraviolet (MUV; 210 nm - 300 nm) and far ultraviolet (FUV; 119.1 - 122.5 nm and 129.2 - 131.5 nm) wavelengths over the course of its orbital mission, mostly in Mercury's southern hemisphere. Given the very low (<1 to 2 wt %) average abundance of iron in the silicates of Mercury observed by multiple MESSENGER instruments, the near- to middle-ultraviolet wavelengths encompassing the oxygen metal charge transfer band (<400 nm), which is more sensitive to the presence of iron than the classic 1 micron absorption band, provides potentially useful additional compositional insight into the top layer of Mercury's regolith. The presence of nano- and microphase carbon also has potentially significant expression in the ultraviolet, and the interplay and variation between carbon and iron in mercury surface materials is an active area of investigation. Analysis of middle-UV surface reflectance and parameters appear to support the presence of varying amounts of carbon in different spectral or geologic units on Mercury. Far-UV reflectance data is currently under-utilized, but analysis of lunar surface by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) indicate that the data are sensitive to both composition and space weathering. The far-UV reflectance from MASCS may provide similar information for the Mercury surface, complementing results from longer wavelengths. MESSENGER data products for surface reflectance include middle-UV reflectance spectra, ultraviolet far-UV reflectance values, combined middle-UV through near-infrared spectra (210 nm - 1450 nm), a global `spectral cube' of near-UV to near-IR, and an upcoming UV spectral cube.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-28/pdf/2010-15638.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-28/pdf/2010-15638.pdf"><span>75 FR 36630 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-28</p> <p>... from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... the People's Republic of China (PRC). See Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From the People's Republic of... (December 29, 2009) (Preliminary Results). This administrative review covers one exporter of the subject...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632301','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632301"><span>Designable <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-smooth <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin solid-electrolyte interphases of three alkali metal anodes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gu, Yu; Wang, Wei-Wei; Li, Yi-Juan; Wu, Qi-Hui; Tang, Shuai; Yan, Jia-Wei; Zheng, Ming-Sen; Wu, De-Yin; Fan, Chun-Hai; Hu, Wei-Qiang; Chen, Zhao-Bin; Fang, Yuan; Zhang, Qing-Hong; Dong, Quan-Feng; Mao, Bing-Wei</p> <p>2018-04-09</p> <p>Dendrite growth of alkali metal anodes limited their lifetime for charge/discharge cycling. Here, we report near-perfect anodes of lithium, sodium, and potassium metals achieved by electrochemical polishing, which removes microscopic defects and creates <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-smooth <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin solid-electrolyte interphase layers at metal surfaces for providing a homogeneous environment. Precise characterizations by AFM force probing with corroborative in-depth XPS profile analysis reveal that the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-smooth <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin solid-electrolyte interphase can be designed to have alternating inorganic-rich and organic-rich/mixed multi-layered structure, which offers mechanical property of coupled rigidity and elasticity. The polished metal anodes exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability, specifically the lithium anodes can cycle for over 200 times at a real current density of 2 mA cm -2 with 100% depth of discharge. Our work illustrates that an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-smooth <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin solid-electrolyte interphase may be robust enough to suppress dendrite growth and thus serve as an initial layer for further improved protection of alkali metal anodes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=246969','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=246969"><span>HPLC Determination and MS Confirmation of Malachite Green, Gentian <span class="hlt">Violet</span>, and Their Leuco Metabolites in Catfish Muscle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Residues of malachite green (MG), gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> (GV), and their leuco metabolites in catfish muscle were individually determined by HPLC using visible and fluorescence detectors. This detection scheme obviated a PbO2 column that converts leuco forms to chromatic forms for visible detection, thus el...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Irradiation&pg=3&id=EJ185856','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Irradiation&pg=3&id=EJ185856"><span>Wastewater Disinfectants: Many Called--Few Chosen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Smith, James W.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>Gives a comparative study of disinfectants used to rid wastewater of pathogens. Concentrates on the effects of chlorine and ozone, with some mention of <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> irradiation, bromine chloride, and chlorine dioxide. (MA)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2576A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA33A2576A"><span>Model simulations of line-of-sight effects in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imaging of acoustic and fast gravity waves from ground and space</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aguilar Guerrero, J.; Snively, J. B.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Acoustic waves (AWs) have been predicted to be detectable by imaging systems for the OH <span class="hlt">airglow</span> layer [Snively, GRL, 40, 2013], and have been identified in spectrometer data [Pilger et al., JASP, 104, 2013]. AWs are weak in the mesopause region, but can attain large amplitudes in the F region [Garcia et al., GRL, 40, 2013] and have local impacts on the thermosphere and ionosphere. Similarly, fast GWs, with phase speeds over 100 m/s, may propagate to the thermosphere and impart significant local body forcing [Vadas and Fritts, JASTP, 66, 2004]. Both have been clearly identified in ionospheric total electron content (TEC), such as following the 2013 Moore, OK, EF5 tornado [Nishioka et al., GRL, 40, 2013] and following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunami [e.g., Galvan et al., RS, 47, 2012, and references therein], but AWs have yet to be unambiguously imaged in MLT data and fast GWs have low amplitudes near the threshold of detection; nevertheless, recent imaging systems have sufficient spatial and temporal resolution and sensitivity to detect both AWs and fast GWs with short periods [e.g., Pautet et al., AO, 53, 2014]. The associated detectability challenges are related to the transient nature of their signatures and to systematic challenges due to line-of-sight (LOS) effects such as enhancements and cancelations due to integration along aligned or oblique wavefronts and geometric intensity enhancements. We employ a simulated <span class="hlt">airglow</span> imager framework that incorporates 2D and 3D emission rate data and performs the necessary LOS integrations for synthetic imaging from ground- and space-based platforms to assess relative intensity and temperature perturbations. We simulate acoustic and fast gravity wave perturbations to the hydroxyl layer from a nonlinear, compressible model [e.g., Snively, 2013] for different idealized and realistic test cases. The results show clear signal enhancements when acoustic waves are imaged off-zenith or off-nadir and the temporal evolution of these</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10562E..0WL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10562E..0WL"><span>Atise: a miniature Fourier-transform spectro-imaging concept for surveying auroras and <span class="hlt">airglow</span> monitoring from a 6/12u cubesat</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Le Courer, E.; Barthelemy, M.; Vialatte, A.; Prugniaux, M.; Bourdarot, G.; Sequies, T.; Monsinjon, P.; Puget, R.; Guerineau, N.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The nanosatellite ATISE is a mission dedicated to the observation of the emission spectra of the upper atmosphere (i.e. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> and Auroras) mainly related to both the solar UV flux and the precipitation of suprathermal particles coming from the solar wind through the magnetosphere. ATISE will measure specifically the auroral emissions, and the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> (day- and night) in the spectral range between 380 and 900 nm at altitudes between 100 and 350 km. The exposure time will be 1 second in auroral region and 20 s at low latitude regions. The 5 year expected lifetime of this mission should cover almost a half of solar cycle (2 years nominal). This instrument concept is based on an innovative miniaturized Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) allowing simultaneous 1 Rayleigh sensitivity detection along six 1.5°x1° limb lines of sight. This 1-2kg payload instrument is hosted in a 12U cubeSat where 6U are allocated to the payload and 6U to the plateform subsystems. This represents a miniaturisation by a factor of 500 on weight and volume compared to previous Arizona-GLO instrument for equivalent performances in the visible. The instrument is based on microSPOC concept developed by ONERA and IPAG using one Fizeau interferometer per line of sight directly glued on top of the half of a very sensitive CMOS Pyxalis HDPYX detector. Three detectors are necessary with a total electrical consumption compatible with a 6U nanoSat. Each interferometer occupies a 1.4 M pixel part of detector, each is placed on an image of the entrance pupil corresponding to a unique direction of the six lines of sight, this in order to have a uniform illumination permitting good spectral Fourier reconstruction from fringes created between the Fizeau plate and the detector itself. Despite a limited 8x6 cm telescope, this configuration takes advantage of FTS multiplex effect and permits us to maximize the throughput and to integrate very faint emission lines over a wide field of view even if the 1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026443','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026443"><span>Solar measurements from the <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>-Solar Spectrometer Instrument (ASSI) on the San Marco 5 satellite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Woods, Thomas N.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The analysis of the solar spectral irradiance from the <span class="hlt">Airglow</span>-Solar Spectrometer Instrument (ASSI) on the San Marco 5 satellite is the focus for this research grant. A pre-print copy of the paper describing the calibrations of and results from the San Marco ASSI is attached to this report. The calibration of the ASSI included (1) transfer of photometric calibration from a rocket experiment and the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME), (2) use of the on-board radioactive calibration sources, (3) validation of the ASSI sensitivity over its field of view, and (4) determining the degradation of the spectrometers. We have determined that the absolute values for the solar irradiance needs adjustment in the current proxy models of the solar UV irradiance, and the amount of solar variability from the proxy models are in reasonable agreement with the ASSI measurements. This research grant also has supported the development of a new solar EUV irradiance proxy model. We expected that the magnetic flux is responsible for most of the heating, via Alfen waves, in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. From examining time series of solar irradiance data and magnetic fields at different levels, we did indeed find that the chromospheric emissions correlate best with the large magnetic field levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.154...33C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.154...33C"><span>Case study of convective instability observed in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images over the Northeast of Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carvalho, A. J. A.; Paulino, I.; Medeiros, A. F.; Lima, L. M.; Buriti, R. A.; Paulino, A. R.; Wrasse, C. M.; Takahashi, H.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>An intense activity of ripples during the nighttime was observed in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images over São João do Cariri (36.5° W, 7.4° S) on 10 October 2004 which lasted for two hours. Those ripples appeared simultaneously with the crossing of a mesospheric front and medium scale gravity waves. The ripples occurred ahead of the mesospheric front and their phase front were almost parallel to the phase of the mesospheric front and were almost perpendicular to the phase front of the gravity wave. Using wind measurements from a meteor radar located at São João do Cariri and simultaneous vertical temperature profiles from the TIMED/SABER satellite, on the night of the events and within the imager field of view, the atmospheric background environment in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) was investigated in order to understand the instability process that caused the appearance of the ripples. Dynamic and convective instabilities have been pointed out as responsible for creation of ripples in the MLT. The observed ripples were advected by the neutral wind, they occurred into a region with negative lapse rate of the potential temperature and the Richardson number was negative as well. According to these characteristics, the ripple structures could be generated in the MLT region due to the predominance of convective instability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMoSt1163..442M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMoSt1163..442M"><span>Optical and thermogravimetric analysis of Zn1-xCuxS/PVA nanocomposite films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mohamed, Mohamed Bakr; Heiba, Zein K.; Imam, N. G.</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Cu doped ZnS nanoparticles with cubic blend structure had been prepared successfully through thermolysis route and then composited with poly vinyl alcohol using casting method. Zn1-xCuxS/PVA nanocomposites were characterized using different characterization techniques. The quantum dot nature of the ZnS:Cu phase was confirmed by transmission electron microscope technique. Thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> measurements illustrated that addition of Zn1-xCuxS nanoparticles to PVA matrix increased the film absorbance. Furthermore, the energy gap and refractive index of the composites were obtained from <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> and photoluminescence spectrophotometers. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnS:Cu/PVA nanocomposite films demonstrated a quite broad emission peak at 435 nm with highest photoluminescence intensity in nanocomposite doped with 1% Cu.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/24017','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/24017"><span>Conservation assessment for great-spurred <span class="hlt">violet</span> in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>J. Hope Hornbeck; Carolyn Hull Sieg; Deanna J. Reyher</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Great-spurred <span class="hlt">violet</span> (Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie; Violaceae) is an early spring flowering herb that occurs in the boreal and Rocky Mountain regions of North America, and cool temperate regions of Eurasia, eastern China and Japan. In the Black Hills, the species is restricted to spruce-dominated forests in cold, shady ravines from 5,400 to 7,000...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19068295','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19068295"><span>Compliance of <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox and secular pedestrians with traffic lights in <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox and secular locations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rosenbloom, Tova; Shahar, Amit; Perlman, Amotz</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>Following a previous study that revealed the disobedience of <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox citizens, as compared to secular citizens, of traffic lights at crosswalks, the present study examined the road habits of 995 <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox and secular pedestrians in neighboring <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox and secular cities. Using an observation grid designed specially for this study, the pedestrians were observed at two crosswalks--one in an <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox city and one in a secular city--as far as similar traffic parameters, using a logistic regression. The tendency to cross on a red light was assessed as a function of estimated age, gender, religiosity, location (religious/secular), the duration of the red light, the number of vehicles crossing and the number of pedestrians waiting at the curb. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox pedestrians committed more violations than secular pedestrians did, and there were more road violations in the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox location than there were in the secular location. Fewer traffic violations were committed by "local" pedestrians (<span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox pedestrians in the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox location and secular pedestrians in the secular location) than by "foreigners" (<span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox pedestrians in the secular location and secular pedestrians in the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Orthodox location). The odds of crossing on a red light decreased as a function of both the number of people waiting at the curb and the number of vehicles. Consistent with previous research, males crossed on red much more than females did, regardless of religiosity and location. Our discussion focuses on theoretical and practical explanations of the findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-03/pdf/2010-10261.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-03/pdf/2010-10261.pdf"><span>75 FR 23239 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Antidumping...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-03</p> <p>... Register the preliminary results of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on CVP 23 from... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-838] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 From India: Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3707100','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3707100"><span>Age-related changes in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performances</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background The age-related decline in performance has been investigated in swimmers, runners and triathletes. No study has investigated the age-related performance decline in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the age-related declines in swimming, cycling, running and overall race time for both Triple Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon (11.4-km swimming, 540-km cycling and 126.6-km running) and Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon (38-km swimming, 1,800-km cycling and 420-km running). Methods The age and performances of 423 male Triple Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes and 119 male Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes were analysed from 1992 to 2010 using regression analyses and ANOVA. Results The mean age of the finishers was significantly higher for Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes (41.3 ± 3.1 years) compared to a Triple Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes (38.5 ± 3.3 years) (P < 0.05). For both <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-distances, the fastest overall race times were achieved between the ages of 25 and 44 years. Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes achieved the same level of performance in swimming and cycling between 25 and 54 years of age. Conclusions The magnitudes of age-related declines in performance in the three disciplines of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon differ slightly between Triple and Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon. Although the ages of Triple Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes were on average younger compared to Deca Iron <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes, the fastest race times were achieved between 25 and 44 years for both distances. Further studies should investigate the motivation and training of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes to gain better insights in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performance. PMID:23849327</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-10/pdf/2010-10993.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-10/pdf/2010-10993.pdf"><span>75 FR 25840 - Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23 from the People's Republic of China: Extension of Time Limit for the...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-05-10</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-892] Carbazole <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Pigment 23... Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce... Department) published the preliminary results of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6610E..0KP','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6610E..0KP"><span>Up-conversion media on basis single crystals BaY2F8 for UV and VUV solid state lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pushkar, A. A.; Ouvarova, T. V.; Molchanov, V. N.</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>Crystal BaY IIF 8 represents the big interest as the perspective active media for lasers <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (UV) and vacuumultra- <span class="hlt">violet</span> (VUV) regions. For the decision of problems with solarization this media and a choice of sources pump it is offered to use up-conversion mechanisms pump with activators from rare-earth elements (RE). We have developed technology of grown of oriented monocrystals BaY IIF 8, have defined influence of orientation on growth rate and quality ofthe received monocrystals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27606927','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27606927"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-portable, wireless smartphone spectrometer for rapid, non-destructive testing of fruit ripeness.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Das, Anshuman J; Wahi, Akshat; Kothari, Ishan; Raskar, Ramesh</p> <p>2016-09-08</p> <p>We demonstrate a smartphone based spectrometer design that is standalone and supported on a wireless platform. The device is inherently low-cost and the power consumption is minimal making it portable to carry out a range of studies in the field. All essential components of the device like the light source, spectrometer, filters, microcontroller and wireless circuits have been assembled in a housing of dimensions 88 mm × 37 mm × 22 mm and the entire device weighs 48 g. The resolution of the spectrometer is 15 nm, delivering accurate and repeatable measurements. The device has a dedicated app interface on the smartphone to communicate, receive, plot and analyze spectral data. The performance of the smartphone spectrometer is comparable to existing bench-top spectrometers in terms of stability and wavelength resolution. Validations of the device were carried out by demonstrating non-destructive ripeness testing in fruit samples. <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (UV) fluorescence from Chlorophyll present in the skin was measured across various apple varieties during the ripening process and correlated with destructive firmness tests. A satisfactory agreement was observed between ripeness and fluorescence signals. This demonstration is a step towards possible consumer, bio-sensing and diagnostic applications that can be carried out in a rapid manner.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...632504D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...632504D"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-portable, wireless smartphone spectrometer for rapid, non-destructive testing of fruit ripeness</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Das, Anshuman J.; Wahi, Akshat; Kothari, Ishan; Raskar, Ramesh</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>We demonstrate a smartphone based spectrometer design that is standalone and supported on a wireless platform. The device is inherently low-cost and the power consumption is minimal making it portable to carry out a range of studies in the field. All essential components of the device like the light source, spectrometer, filters, microcontroller and wireless circuits have been assembled in a housing of dimensions 88 mm × 37 mm × 22 mm and the entire device weighs 48 g. The resolution of the spectrometer is 15 nm, delivering accurate and repeatable measurements. The device has a dedicated app interface on the smartphone to communicate, receive, plot and analyze spectral data. The performance of the smartphone spectrometer is comparable to existing bench-top spectrometers in terms of stability and wavelength resolution. Validations of the device were carried out by demonstrating non-destructive ripeness testing in fruit samples. <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (UV) fluorescence from Chlorophyll present in the skin was measured across various apple varieties during the ripening process and correlated with destructive firmness tests. A satisfactory agreement was observed between ripeness and fluorescence signals. This demonstration is a step towards possible consumer, bio-sensing and diagnostic applications that can be carried out in a rapid manner.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4445872','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4445872"><span>What predicts performance in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon races? – a comparison between Ironman distance triathlon and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Knechtle, Beat; Zingg, Matthias Alexander; Rosemann, Thomas; Stiefel, Michael; Rüst, Christoph Alexander</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Objective This narrative review summarizes recent intentions to find potential predictor variables for <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon race performance (ie, triathlon races longer than the Ironman distance covering 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling, and 42.195 km running). Results from studies on <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes were compared to results on studies on Ironman triathletes. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed using the terms “ultra”, “triathlon”, and “performance” for the aspects of “<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon”, and “Ironman”, “triathlon”, and “performance” for the aspects of “Ironman triathlon”. All resulting papers were searched for related citations. Results for <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlons were compared to results for Ironman-distance triathlons to find potential differences. Results Athletes competing in Ironman and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon differed in anthropometric and training characteristics, where both Ironmen and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes profited from low body fat, but <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes relied more on training volume, whereas speed during training was related to Ironman race time. The most important predictive variables for a fast race time in an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon from Double Iron (ie, 7.6 km swimming, 360 km cycling, and 84.4 km running) and longer were male sex, low body fat, age of 35–40 years, extensive previous experience, a fast time in cycling and running but not in swimming, and origins in Central Europe. Conclusion Any athlete intending to compete in an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon should be aware that low body fat and high training volumes are highly predictive for overall race time. Little is known about the physiological characteristics of these athletes and about female <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes. Future studies need to investigate anthropometric and training characteristics of female <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathletes and what motivates women to compete in these races. Future studies need to correlate physiological characteristics such as maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) with <span class="hlt">ultra</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5992463','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5992463"><span>Physiology and Pathophysiology in <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Marathon Running</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Knechtle, Beat; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this overview, we summarize the findings of the literature with regards to physiology and pathophysiology of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon running. The number of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon races and the number of official finishers considerably increased in the last decades especially due to the increased number of female and age-group runners. A typical <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathoner is male, married, well-educated, and ~45 years old. Female <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathoners account for ~20% of the total number of finishers. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-marathoners are older and have a larger weekly training volume, but run more slowly during training compared to marathoners. Previous experience (e.g., number of finishes in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon races and personal best marathon time) is the most important predictor variable for a successful <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon performance followed by specific anthropometric (e.g., low body mass index, BMI, and low body fat) and training (e.g., high volume and running speed during training) characteristics. Women are slower than men, but the sex difference in performance decreased in recent years to ~10–20% depending upon the length of the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon. The fastest <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon race times are generally achieved at the age of 35–45 years or older for both women and men, and the age of peak performance increases with increasing race distance or duration. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon leads to an energy deficit resulting in a reduction of both body fat and skeletal muscle mass. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon in combination with other risk factors, such as extreme weather conditions (either heat or cold) or the country where the race is held, can lead to exercise-associated hyponatremia. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon can also lead to changes in biomarkers indicating a pathological process in specific organs or organ systems such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney, immune and endocrine system. These changes are usually temporary, depending on intensity and duration of the performance, and usually normalize after the race. In longer <span class="hlt">ultra</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910741','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29910741"><span>Physiology and Pathophysiology in <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Marathon Running.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knechtle, Beat; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this overview, we summarize the findings of the literature with regards to physiology and pathophysiology of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon running. The number of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon races and the number of official finishers considerably increased in the last decades especially due to the increased number of female and age-group runners. A typical <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathoner is male, married, well-educated, and ~45 years old. Female <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathoners account for ~20% of the total number of finishers. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-marathoners are older and have a larger weekly training volume, but run more slowly during training compared to marathoners. Previous experience (e.g., number of finishes in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon races and personal best marathon time) is the most important predictor variable for a successful <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon performance followed by specific anthropometric (e.g., low body mass index, BMI, and low body fat) and training (e.g., high volume and running speed during training) characteristics. Women are slower than men, but the sex difference in performance decreased in recent years to ~10-20% depending upon the length of the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon. The fastest <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon race times are generally achieved at the age of 35-45 years or older for both women and men, and the age of peak performance increases with increasing race distance or duration. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon leads to an energy deficit resulting in a reduction of both body fat and skeletal muscle mass. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon in combination with other risk factors, such as extreme weather conditions (either heat or cold) or the country where the race is held, can lead to exercise-associated hyponatremia. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-marathon can also lead to changes in biomarkers indicating a pathological process in specific organs or organ systems such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney, immune and endocrine system. These changes are usually temporary, depending on intensity and duration of the performance, and usually normalize after the race. In longer <span class="hlt">ultra</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007RaPC...76.1515E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007RaPC...76.1515E"><span>The response characteristics of tetrazolium <span class="hlt">violet</span> solutions to gamma irradiation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Emi-Reynolds, G.; Kovács, András; Fletcher, J. J.</p> <p>2007-08-01</p> <p>The dosimetry characteristics of various solutions of tetrazolium <span class="hlt">violet</span>, TV, (2,5-diphenyl-3-(1-naphthyl)-2H-tetrazolium chloride) to gamma irradiation are reported. The optical absorption spectra of these solutions show peaks between 400 and 600 nm with a shoulder at around 550 nm. The dose response of the optical absorbance values of aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions containing different concentrations of TV was measured in the 250 Gy up to 75 kGy dose range. The formation of formazan product was observed due to radiolytic reduction in both solutions. Its formation was found more pronounced in N 2-saturated as well as in alkaline solutions. The results indicate that the 1 mM TV solution can be used for food irradiation and medical sterilization dosimetry at gamma irradiation facilities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJMPB..2950081A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJMPB..2950081A"><span>Effect of QW thickness and numbers on performance characteristics of deep <span class="hlt">violet</span> InGaN MQW lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alahyarizadeh, Gh.; Amirhoseiny, M.; Hassan, Z.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>The performance characteristics of deep <span class="hlt">violet</span> indium gallium nitride (InGaN) multiquantum well (MQW) laser diodes (LDs) with an emission wavelength of around 390 nm have been investigated using the integrated system engineering technical computer aided design (ISE-TCAD) software. A comparative study on the effect of quantum well (QW) thickness and number on electrical and optical performance of deep <span class="hlt">violet</span> In0.082Ga0.918N/GaN MQW LDs have been carried out. The simulation results showed that the highest slope efficiency and external differential quantum efficiency (DQE), as well as the lowest threshold current are obtained when the number of wells is two. The different QW thickness values of 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3 and 3.2 nm were compared and the best results were achieved for 2.5 nm QW thickness. The radiative recombination rate decreases with increasing QW thickness because of decreasing electron and hole carrier densities in wells. By increasing QW thickness, output power decreases and threshold current increases.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3781891','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3781891"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performances</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lepers, Romuald; Knechtle, Beat; Knechtle, Patrizia; Rosemann, Thomas</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Despite increased interest in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance events, little research has examined <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performance. The aims of this study were: (i) to compare swimming, cycling, running, and overall performances in three <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-distance triathlons, double Ironman distance triathlon (2IMT) (7.6 km swimming, 360 km cycling, and 84.4 km running), triple Ironman distance triathlon (3IMT) (11.4 km, 540 km, and 126.6 km), and deca Ironman distance triathlon (10IMT) (38 km, 1800 km, and 420 km) and (ii) to examine the relationships between the 2IMT, 3IMT, and 10IMT performances to create predicted equations of the 10IMT performances. Race results from 1985 through 2009 were examined to identify triathletes who performed the three considered <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-distances. In total, 73 triathletes (68 men and 5 women) were identified. The contribution of swimming to overall <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performance was lower than for cycling and running. Running performance was more important to overall performance for 2IMT and 3IMT compared with 10IMT The 2IMT and 3IMT performances were significantly correlated with 10IMT performances for swimming and cycling, but not for running. 10IMT total time performance might be predicted by the following equation: 10IMT race time (minutes) = 5885 + 3.69 × 3IMT race time (minutes). This analysis of human performance during <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-distance triathlons represents a unique data set in the field of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance events. Additional studies are required to determine the physiological and psychological factors associated with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-triathlon performance. PMID:24198579</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910040919&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910040919&hterms=twilight&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>A method for the retrieval of atomic oxygen density and temperature profiles from ground-based measurements of the O(+)(2D-2P) 7320 A twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fennelly, J. A.; Torr, D. G.; Richards, P. G.; Torr, M. R.; Sharp, W. E.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes a technique for extracting thermospheric profiles of the atomic-oxygen density and temperature, using ground-based measurements of the O(+)(2D-2P) doublet at 7320 and 7330 A in the twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. In this method, a local photochemical model is used to calculate the 7320-A intensity; the method also utilizes an iterative inversion procedure based on the Levenberg-Marquardt method described by Press et al. (1986). The results demonstrate that, if the measurements are only limited by errors due to Poisson noise, the altitude profiles of neutral temperature and atomic oxygen concentration can be determined accurately using currently available spectrometers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JQSRT.149..303J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JQSRT.149..303J"><span>Modeling of nonequilibrium CO Fourth-Positive and CN <span class="hlt">Violet</span> emission in CO2-N2 gases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnston, C. O.; Brandis, A. M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>This work develops a chemical kinetic rate model for simulating nonequilibrium radiation from CO2-N2 gases, representative of Mars or Venus entry shock layers. Using recent EAST shock tube measurements of nonequilibrium CO 4th Positive and CN <span class="hlt">Violet</span> emission at pressures and velocities ranging from 0.10 to 1.0 Torr and 6 to 8 km/s, the rate model is developed through an optimization procedure that minimizes the disagreement between the measured and simulated nonequilibrium radiance profiles. Only the dissociation rates of CO2, CO, and NO, along with the CN + O and CO + N rates were treated as unknown in this optimization procedure, as the nonequilibrium radiance was found to be most sensitive to them. The other rates were set to recent values from the literature. Increases in over a factor of 5 in the CO dissociation rate relative to the previous widely used value were found to provide the best agreement with measurements, while the CO2 rate was not changed. The developed model is found to capture the measured nonequilibrium radiance of CO 4th Positive and CN <span class="hlt">Violet</span> within error bars of ±30%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930015291','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930015291"><span>Impact contribution of prebiotic reactants to Earth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Aggarwal, Hans R.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>A study was performed to explore the effectiveness of comets for chemical evolution. The concentration of amino acids in various terrestrial environments was mathematically explored as there is evidence that amino acids formed as a result of cometary impact. First, the initial concentration of amino acids in surface environment after cometary impact was estimated. The effect of hydrothermal vents, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> rays, and clays was taken into consideration. Next, the absorption of amino acids by clay particles before degradation by <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light was analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of clays, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span>, and hydrothermal vents as sinks for cometary amino acids was compared. A mathematical model was then developed for the production of impact deposits on Earth for the past 2 Ga, and the relative thickness distribution was computed for impact deposits produced in 2 Ga. The reported relative thickness distribution of tillites and diamicites of all ages agrees with the thickness calculated from this impact model. This suggests that many of the ancient tillites and diamicites could be of impact origin. The effectiveness of comets was explored on the chemical evolution of amino acids. The effect of sinks such as clays, submarine vents, and UV light on amino acid concentration was considered. Sites favorable to chemical evolution of amino acids were examined, and it was concluded that chemical evolution could have occurred at or above the surface even during periods of intense bombardment of the Earth more than 3.8 billion years ago.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993elco.rept.....A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993elco.rept.....A"><span>Impact contribution of prebiotic reactants to Earth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aggarwal, Hans R.</p> <p>1993-03-01</p> <p>A study was performed to explore the effectiveness of comets for chemical evolution. The concentration of amino acids in various terrestrial environments was mathematically explored as there is evidence that amino acids formed as a result of cometary impact. First, the initial concentration of amino acids in surface environment after cometary impact was estimated. The effect of hydrothermal vents, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> rays, and clays was taken into consideration. Next, the absorption of amino acids by clay particles before degradation by <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light was analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of clays, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span>, and hydrothermal vents as sinks for cometary amino acids was compared. A mathematical model was then developed for the production of impact deposits on Earth for the past 2 Ga, and the relative thickness distribution was computed for impact deposits produced in 2 Ga. The reported relative thickness distribution of tillites and diamicites of all ages agrees with the thickness calculated from this impact model. This suggests that many of the ancient tillites and diamicites could be of impact origin. The effectiveness of comets was explored on the chemical evolution of amino acids. The effect of sinks such as clays, submarine vents, and UV light on amino acid concentration was considered. Sites favorable to chemical evolution of amino acids were examined, and it was concluded that chemical evolution could have occurred at or above the surface even during periods of intense bombardment of the Earth more than 3.8 billion years ago.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29449081','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29449081"><span>Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> light filters and reproductive parameters in young men.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adoamnei, Evdochia; Mendiola, Jaime; Moñino-García, Miriam; Vela-Soria, Fernando; Iribarne-Durán, Luz M; Fernández, Mariana F; Olea, Nicolás; Jørgensen, Niels; Swan, Shanna H; Torres-Cantero, Alberto M</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) light filters are chemicals frequently added to personal care products, insect repellents, sunscreens, and beverage and food packaging to diminish the harmful effects of UV sunlight on human skin or foodstuffs. BP-type UV filters have shown negative effects on male reproduction function in in vitro and animal models, but human epidemiologic studies are limited. The goal of this study was to examine associations between urinary concentrations of BP-type UV filters and semen quality and reproductive hormone levels. This is a cross-sectional study with 215 young university students (18-23 years old) recruited between 2010 and 2011 in Southern Spain (Murcia Region). All men provided a urine, blood and semen sample on a single day. Urinary concentrations of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1); 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2); 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3); 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4OH-BP) were measured by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Semen quality was evaluated by measuring volume, sperm counts, motility and morphology. Serum samples were analyzed for reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), inhibin B and estradiol (E2). Associations between urinary concentrations of BP-type UV filters and semen quality parameters and reproductive hormone levels were examined using linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Ninety-seven percent of the men had detectable urinary concentrations of at least one of the five BP-type UV filters quantified. After adjustment for important covariates (body mass index, smoking status and time of blood sample collection), there was a significant positive association between urinary BP-1 and BP-3 concentrations and serum FSH levels (β = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.009; 0</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002TJPh...26..427K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002TJPh...26..427K"><span>New Metallicty Calibration for Dwarfs for the RGU-Photometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karaali, Salih; Bilir, Selçuk</p> <p>2002-10-01</p> <p>We adopted the procedure of Carney to obtain a metallicity calibration for dwarfs for the RGU photometry. For this purpose we selected 76 dwarfs of different metallicities from Carney, and Strobel et al., and evaluated their δ(U-G) <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> excess relative to Hyades by transforming their UBV magnitudes to RGU via metallicity dependent equations of Ak-Güngör. The δ0.6/ΔM normalized factors of Sandage transform Δ(U-G) excess at any G-R to δ=δ1.08, i.e.: the <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> excess at G-R = 1.08 mag, corresponding to B-V = 0.60 mag in the UBV-system. Finally, the (δ, [Fe/H]) couples were fitted by the equation [Fe/H] = 0.11-2.22δ-7.95δ2. This calibration covers the metallicity interval (-2.20, +0.20) dex.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720027233&hterms=May+13th+1969&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DMay%2B13th%2B1969','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720027233&hterms=May+13th+1969&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DMay%2B13th%2B1969"><span>Simultaneous measurements of the hydrogen <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions of Lyman alpha, Lyman beta, and Balmer alpha.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Weller, C. S.; Meier, R. R.; Tinsley, B. A.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>Comparison of Lyman-alpha, 740- to 1050-A, and Balmer-alpha <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements made at 134 deg solar-zenith angle on Oct. 13, 1969, with resonance-scattering models of solar radiation. Model comparison with Lyman-alpha data fixes the hydrogen column abundance over 215 km to 2 x 10 to the 13th per cu cm within a factor of 2. Differences between the Lyman-alpha model and data indicate a polar-equatorial departure from spherical symmetry in the hydrogen distribution. A Lyman-beta model based on the hydrogen distribution found to fit the Lyman-alpha data fits the spatial variation of the 740- to 1050-A data well from 100 to 130 km, but it does not fit the data well at higher altitudes; thus the presence of more rapidly absorbed shorter-wavelength radiation is indicated. This same resonance-scattering model yields Balmer-alpha intensities that result in good spatial agreement with the Balmer-alpha measurements, but a fivefold increase in the measured solar line center Lyman-beta flux is required (as required for the Lyman-beta measurement). The intensity ratio of Lyman-beta and Balmer-alpha at night is found to be a simple measure of the hydrogen optical depth if measurements with good accuracy can be made in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29759648','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29759648"><span>Synthesis of magnetic mesoporous metal-organic framework-5 for the effective enrichment of malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> in fish samples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Zhihui; Fu, Yanqing; Qin, Qian; Lu, Xin; Shi, Xianzhe; Zhao, Chunxia; Xu, Guowang</p> <p>2018-07-27</p> <p>A novel, magnetic and mesoporous Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was synthesized for the effective enrichment of malachite green (MG) and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV) in fish samples. The Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was prepared by a facile two-step solvothermal approach in which Fe 3 O 4 @PEI and MOF-5 were connected through chemical bonds. Characterization of the newly synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This new material was determined to have high magnetization and chemical stability, a large surface area and a distinctive morphology. An effective enrichment and detection method for MG and CV was subsequently developed by combining the Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity ranges of this approach for MG and CV were 1-500ng/mL and 0.25-500ng/mL, respectively, with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method for MG and CV were 0.30ng/mL and 0.08ng/mL, respectively, indicating that the Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 material had good adsorption properties for MG and CV. Fe 3 O 4 @PEI-MOF-5 can be expected to also provide efficient enrichment of MG and CV in other complex matrices. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27349706','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27349706"><span>Consumers' conceptualization of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ares, Gastón; Vidal, Leticia; Allegue, Gimena; Giménez, Ana; Bandeira, Elisa; Moratorio, Ximena; Molina, Verónika; Curutchet, María Rosa</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Consumption of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods has been associated with low diet quality, obesity and other non-communicable diseases. This situation makes it necessary to develop educational campaigns to discourage consumers from substituting meals based on unprocessed or minimally processed foods by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate how consumers conceptualize the term <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and to evaluate if the foods they perceive as <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed are in concordance with the products included in the NOVA classification system. An online study was carried out with 2381 participants. They were asked to explain what they understood by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and to list foods that can be considered <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed. Responses were analysed using inductive coding. The great majority of the participants was able to provide an explanation of what <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods are, which was similar to the definition described in the literature. Most of the participants described <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods as highly processed products that usually contain additives and other artificial ingredients, stressing that they have low nutritional quality and are unhealthful. The most relevant products for consumers' conceptualization of the term were in agreement with the NOVA classification system and included processed meats, soft drinks, snacks, burgers, powdered and packaged soups and noodles. However, some of the participants perceived processed foods, culinary ingredients and even some minimally processed foods as <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed. This suggests that in order to accurately convey their message, educational campaigns aimed at discouraging consumers from consuming <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods should include a clear definition of the term and describe some of their specific characteristics, such as the type of ingredients included in their formulation and their nutritional composition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MeScT..15.1255A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MeScT..15.1255A"><span>Using <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra for crop yield assessment of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) varieties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, Benjamin; Buah-Bassuah, Paul K.; Tetteh, Jonathan P.</p> <p>2004-07-01</p> <p>The use of <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) emission spectra to monitor the growth of five varieties of cowpea in the University of Cape Coast Botanical Garden is presented. Radiation from a continuous-wave <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser diode emitting at 396 nm through a fibre is closely incident on in vivo leaves of cowpea to excite chlorophyll fluorescence, which is detected by an integrated spectrometer with CCD readout. The chlorophyll fluorescence spectra with peaks at 683 and 731 nm were used for growth monitoring of the cowpea plants over three weeks and analysed using Gaussian spectral functions with curve fitted parameters to determine the peak positions, area under the spectral curve and the intensity ratio F683/F731. The variation in the intensity ratio of the chlorophyll bands showed sensitive changes indicating the photosynthetic activity of the cowpea varieties. A discussion of the fluorescence result as compared to conventional assessment is presented with regard to discrimination between the cowpea varieties in terms of crop yield performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=262709','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=262709"><span>Remote sensing of soil moisture using airborne hyperspectral data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Institute for Technology Development (ITD) has developed an airborne hyperspectral sensor system that collects electromagnetic reflectance data of the terrain. The system consists of sensors for three different sections of the electromagnetic spectrum; the <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (UV), Visible/Near Infrare...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11173','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/11173"><span>FogEye UV Sensor System Evaluation : Phase II Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>The primary objective of the FogEye Evaluation Program is to determine whether coupled <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> sources and detectors may provide enhancements to safety on the airport surface. The results of this effort will be used to complete the evaluation of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/10386','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/10386"><span>FogEye UV Sensor System Performance Characteristics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2004-03-01</p> <p>The primary objective of the FogEye Evaluation Program is to determine whether coupled <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> sources and detectors may provide enhancements to safety on the airport surface. The results of this effort will be used to complete the evaluation of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JBO....15d1506T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JBO....15d1506T"><span>Transient transfection of mammalian cells using a <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Torres-Mapa, Maria Leilani; Angus, Liselotte; Ploschner, Martin; Dholakia, Kishan; Gunn-Moore, Frank J.</p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>We demonstrate the first use of the <span class="hlt">violet</span> diode laser for transient mammalian cell transfection. In contrast to previous studies, which showed the generation of stable cell lines over a few weeks, we develop a methodology to transiently transfect cells with an efficiency of up to ~40%. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells are exposed to a tightly focused 405-nm laser in the presence of plasmid DNA encoding for a mitochondrial targeted red fluorescent protein. We report transfection efficiencies as a function of laser power and exposure time for our system. We also show, for the first time, that a continuous wave laser source can be successfully applied to selective gene silencing experiments using small interfering RNA. This work is a major step towards an inexpensive and portable phototransfection system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhLA..373.1697Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhLA..373.1697Z"><span>Tunable <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue emission from 3 C-SiC nanowires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, J.; Wu, H.; Chen, H. T.; Wu, X. L.; Xiong, X.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Bulk quantities of straight and curled cubic silicon carbide nanowires (3 C-SiC NWs) are synthesized from the mixture of ZnS, Si, and C powders. The 3 C-SiC NWs are wrapped by amorphous SiO 2 shells with very thin thicknesses of less than 2.0 nm. The deionized water suspension of the as-made NWs shows a photoluminescence (PL) band centered at 548 nm, and a tunable <span class="hlt">violet</span>-blue photoluminescence is observed as the excitation wavelength increases from 300 to 375 nm after the SiO 2 shell is removed. The PL band at 548 nm relates to the SiO 2 shell. Careful microstructural observation suggests that the tunable PL originates from the quantum confinement effect of 3 C-SiC nanocrystallites with sizes of several nm at the turning of the curled NWs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5b5018F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5b5018F"><span>Adsorption of gentian <span class="hlt">violet</span> dyes in aqueous solution on microporous AlPOs molecular sieves synthesized by ionothermal method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fortas, W.; Djelad, A.; Hasnaoui, M. A.; Sassi, M.; Bengueddach, A.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>In this work, AlPO-34, like-chabazite (CHA) zeolite, was ionothermally prepared using the ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [EMIMCl], as solvent. The solids obtained were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption at 77.3 K. The results show that the ionic liquid is occluded in the AlPO-34 framework and consequently it acts also as a structure-directing agent. The variation of chemical composition led to AlPO-34 materials with different crystal sizes and morphologies. The well crystallized AlPO-34 material was used as adsorbent for Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (CV) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of adsorption parameters such as pH and initial concentration were investigated. It was found that adsorption dyes is favorable at pH = 6. The adsorption isotherm data follow the Langmuir equation in which parameters are calculated. The selected AlPO-34 sample exhibited a high crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye removal of 46.08 mg g-1 at pH = 6.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090907','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090907"><span>Colorimetric Nucleic Acid Detection on Paper Microchip Using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Dye.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Roy, Sharmili; Mohd-Naim, Noor Faizah; Safavieh, Mohammadali; Ahmed, Minhaz Uddin</p> <p>2017-11-22</p> <p>Nucleic acid detection is of paramount importance in monitoring of microbial pathogens in food safety and infectious disease diagnostic applications. To address these challenges, a rapid, cost-effective label-free technique for nucleic acid detection with minimal instrumentations is highly desired. Here, we present paper microchip to detect and quantify nucleic acid using colorimetric sensing modality. The extracted DNA from food samples of meat as well as microbial pathogens was amplified utilizing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). LAMP amplicon was then detected and quantified on a paper microchip fabricated in a cellulose paper and a small wax chamber utilizing crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye. The affinity of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye toward dsDNA and positive signal were identified by changing the color from colorless to purple. Using this method, detection of Sus scrofa (porcine) and Bacillus subtilis (bacteria) DNA was possible at concentrations as low as 1 pg/μL (3.43 × 10 -1 copies/μL) and 10 pg/μL (2.2 × 10 3 copies/μL), respectively. This strategy can be adapted for detection of other DNA samples, with potential for development of a new breed of simple and inexpensive paper microchip at the point-of-need.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15478926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15478926"><span>The influence of <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> radiation on chicken hatching.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Veterány, Ladislav; Hluchý, Svätoslav; Veterányová, Anna</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The influence of UV-B radiation on embryonic development of chickens Hampshire breed was investigated. The set eggs with the average weight of 60.0 +/- 0.5 g were divided into six groups. The chickens in the control group C were hatched in the darkness. The chicken embryos in experimental groups were, during their incubation, influenced by UV light: in E1 (1 h a day), in E2 (2h a day), in E3 (3 h a day), in E4 (4 h a day), and in E5 (5 h a day). After the experiment, we can state that UV radiation appealing on chickens embryos of shorter time (1-2 h) was reflected in decreasing embryonic mortality in experimental group E1 (1.27 +/- 0.14%), the embryonic development was accelerated and the weight of hatched chickens was increased in group E2 (492.43 +/- 5.02 h and 47.83 +/- 2.62 g, respectively). The negative influence of UV radiation was reflected while it is longer appealing on chickens embryos (for 3-5 h), mainly by increased embryonic mortality in groups E3 (10.27 +/- 1.65%), E4 (58.09 +/- 3.12%), and E5 (100.00 +/- 0.00%). The results obtained are highly significant (p<0.001) in comparison with a control group C, as well as, with the experimental groups E1 and E2.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27080464','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27080464"><span>Sex Difference in Draft-Legal <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Distance Events - A Comparison between <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Swimming and <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Cycling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salihu, Lejla; Rüst, Christoph Alexander; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat</p> <p>2016-04-30</p> <p>Recent studies reported that the sex difference in performance in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance sports such as swimming and cycling changed over the years. However, the aspect of drafting in draft-legal <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance races has not yet been investigated. This study investigates the sex difference in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-swimming and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cycling draft-legal races where drafting - swimming or cycling behind other participants to save energy and have more power at the end of the race to overtake them, is allowed. The change in performance of the annual best and the annual three best in an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance swimming race (16-km 'Faros Swim Marathon') over 38 years and in a 24-h <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cycling race ('World Cycling Race') over 13 years were compared and analysed with respect to sex difference. Furthermore, performances of the fastest female and male finishers ever were compared. In the swimming event, the sex difference of the annual best male and female decreased non-significantly (P = 0.262) from 5.3% (1976) to 1.0% (2013). The sex gap of speed in the annual three fastest swimmers decreased significantly (P = 0.043) from 5.9 ± 1.6% (1979) to 4.7 ± 3.1% (2013). In the cycling event, the difference in cycling speed between the annual best male and female decreased significantly (P = 0.026) from 33.31% (1999) to 10.89% (2011). The sex gap of speed in the annual three fastest decreased significantly (P = 0.001) from 32.9 ± 0.6% (1999) to 16.4 ± 5.9% (2011). The fastest male swimmer ever (swimming speed 5.3 km/h, race time: 03:01:55 h:min:s) was 1.5% faster than the fastest female swimmer (swimming speed 5.2 km/h, race time: 03:04:09 h:min:s). The three fastest male swimmers ever (mean 5.27 ± 0.13 km/h) were 4.4% faster than the three fastest female swimmers (mean 5.05 ± 0.20 km/h) (P < 0.05). In the cycling event, the best male ever (cycling speed 45.8 km/h) was 26.4% faster than the best female (cycling speed 36.1 km/h). The three fastest male cyclists ever (45.9 km/h) (mean 45.85 ± 0.05 km</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..705N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..705N"><span>Determination of gravity wave parameters in the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> combining photometer and imager data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nyassor, Prosper K.; Arlen Buriti, Ricardo; Paulino, Igo; Medeiros, Amauri F.; Takahashi, Hisao; Wrasse, Cristiano M.; Gobbi, Delano</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Mesospheric <span class="hlt">airglow</span> measurements of two or three layers were used to characterize both vertical and horizontal parameters of gravity waves. The data set was acquired coincidentally from a multi-channel filter (Multi-3) photometer and an all-sky imager located at São João do Cariri (7.4° S, 36.5° W) in the equatorial region from 2001 to 2007. Using a least-square fitting and wavelet analysis technique, the phase and amplitude of each observed wave were determined, as well as the amplitude growth. Using the dispersion relation of gravity waves, the vertical and horizontal wavelengths were estimated and compared to the horizontal wavelength obtained from the keogram analysis of the images observed by an all-sky imager. The results show that both horizontal and vertical wavelengths, obtained from the dispersion relation and keogram analysis, agree very well for the waves observed on the nights of 14 October and 18 December 2006. The determined parameters showed that the observed wave on the night of 18 December 2006 had a period of ˜ 43.8 ± 2.19 min, with the horizontal wavelength of 235.66 ± 11.78 km having a downward phase propagation, whereas that of 14 October 2006 propagated with a period of ˜ 36.00 ± 1.80 min with a horizontal wavelength of ˜ 195 ± 9.80 km, and with an upward phase propagation. The observation of a wave taken by a photometer and an all-sky imager allowed us to conclude that the same wave could be observed by both instruments, permitting the investigation of the two-dimensional wave parameter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AnGeo..34..293P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AnGeo..34..293P"><span>Periodic waves in the lower thermosphere observed by OI630 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Paulino, I.; Medeiros, A. F.; Vadas, S. L.; Wrasse, C. M.; Takahashi, H.; Buriti, R. A.; Leite, D.; Filgueira, S.; Bageston, J. V.; Sobral, J. H. A.; Gobbi, D.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Periodic wave structures in the thermosphere have been observed at São João do Cariri (geographic coordinates: 36.5° W, 7.4° S; geomagnetic coordinates based on IGRF model to 2015: 35.8° E, 0.48° N) from September 2000 to November 2010 using OI630.0 nm <span class="hlt">airglow</span> images. During this period, which corresponds to almost one solar cycle, characteristics of 98 waves were studied. Similarities between the characteristics of these events and observations at other places around the world were noted, primarily the spectral parameters. The observed periods were mostly found between 10 and 35 min; horizontal wavelengths ranged from 100 to 200 km, and phase speed from 30 to 180 m s-1. These parameters indicated that some of the waves, presented here, are slightly faster than those observed previously at low and middle latitudes (Indonesia, Carib and Japan), indicating that the characteristics of these waves may change at different places. Most of observed waves have appeared during magnetically quiet nights, and the occurrence of those waves followed the solar activity. Another important characteristic is the quasi-monochromatic periodicity that distinguish them from the single-front medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that have been observed previously over the Brazilian region. Moreover, most of the observed waves did not present a phase front parallel to the northeast-southwest direction, which is predicted by the Perkins instability process. It strongly suggests that most of these waves must have had different generation mechanisms from the Perkins instability, which have been pointed out as being a very important mechanism for the generation of MSTIDs in the lower thermosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol1-sec50-20-6.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title30-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title30-vol1-sec50-20-6.pdf"><span>30 CFR 50.20-6 - Criteria-MSHA Form 7000-1, Section C.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... daughters, non-medical, non-therapeutic X-rays, radium); effects of nonionizing radiation (welding flash, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> rays, micro-waves, sunburn). (vi) Code 26—Disorders Associated with Repeated Trauma...). Examples: Poisoning by lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, or other metals, poisoning by carbon monoxide...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=301303','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=301303"><span>Characterization of the global structure of low methoxyl pectin in solution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Low methoxyl citrus pectin (LMP) and amidated low methoxyl pectin (LMAP) were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with online light scattering (LS), intrinsic viscosity ('w), differential refractive index (dRI) and <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> detection (UV), by amino acid anal...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1728b0250S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1728b0250S"><span>Near-infrared photoluminescence in La0.98AlO3: 0.02Ln3+(Ln = Nd/Yb) for sensitization of c-Si solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sawala, N. S.; Koparkar, K. A.; Bajaj, N. S.; Omanwar, S. K.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The host matrix LaAlO3 was synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method in which the Nd3+ ions and Yb3+ ions successfully doped at 2mol% concentrations. The phase purity was confirmed by X ray powder diffraction (XRD) method. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied by spectrophotometer in near infra red (NIR) and <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> visible (UV-VIS) region. The Nd3+ ion doped LaAlO3 converts a visible (VIS) green photon (587 nm) into near infrared (NIR) photon (1070 nm) while Yb3+ ion doped converts <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> (UV) photon (221 nm) into NIR photon (980 nm). The La0.98AlO3: 0.02Ln3+(Ln = Nd / Yb) can be potentiality used for betterment of photovoltaic (PV) technology. This result further indicates its potential application as a luminescence converter layer for enhancing solar cells performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hair&pg=3&id=EJ1016059','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hair&pg=3&id=EJ1016059"><span>Terrific Trichomes (and Other Specialised Cells) in African <span class="hlt">Violets</span>: How to Get a Lot from One Plant in the Classroom</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cottrell, Vicki M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>African <span class="hlt">violet</span> (genus "Saintpaulia") was identified as a particularly suitable genus for the study of specialised plant cells in the classroom using microscopes. The techniques described here involve simple preparation without staining. The cells and structures that can be investigated include: trichomes (hairs); stomata; guard cells and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcSpA.164...93G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AcSpA.164...93G"><span>Application of Micro-cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and Rhodamine B in aqueous samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghasemi, Elham; Kaykhaii, Massoud</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>A novel, green, simple and fast method was developed for spectrophotometric determination of Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and Rhodamine B in water samples based on Micro-cloud Point extraction (MCPE) at room temperature. This is the first report on the application of MCPE on dyes. In this method, to reach the cloud point at room temperature, the MCPE procedure was carried out in brine using Triton X-114 as a non-ionic surfactant. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized condition, calibration curves were found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.06-0.60 mg/L, 0.10-0.80 mg/L, and 0.03-0.30 mg/L with the enrichment factors of 29.26, 85.47 and 28.36, respectively for Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and Rhodamine B. Limit of detections were between 2.2 and 5.1 μg/L.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27085294','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27085294"><span>Application of Micro-cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> and Rhodamine B in aqueous samples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ghasemi, Elham; Kaykhaii, Massoud</p> <p>2016-07-05</p> <p>A novel, green, simple and fast method was developed for spectrophotometric determination of Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and Rhodamine B in water samples based on Micro-cloud Point extraction (MCPE) at room temperature. This is the first report on the application of MCPE on dyes. In this method, to reach the cloud point at room temperature, the MCPE procedure was carried out in brine using Triton X-114 as a non-ionic surfactant. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized condition, calibration curves were found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.06-0.60mg/L, 0.10-0.80mg/L, and 0.03-0.30mg/L with the enrichment factors of 29.26, 85.47 and 28.36, respectively for Malachite green, Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and Rhodamine B. Limit of detections were between 2.2 and 5.1μg/L. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787773','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787773"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span>-green excitation for NIR luminescence of Yb3+ ions in Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-Ga2O3 glasses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Weiwei; Cheng, Jimeng; Zhao, Guoying; Chen, Wei; Hu, Lili; Guzik, Malgorzata; Boulon, Georges</p> <p>2014-04-21</p> <p>60Bi(2)O(3)-20B(2)O(3)-10SiO(2)-10Ga(2)O(3) glasses doped with 1-9 mol% Yb(2)O(3) were prepared and investigated mainly on their <span class="hlt">violet</span>-green excitation for the typical NIR emission of Yb(3+), generally excited in the NIR. Two <span class="hlt">violet</span> excitation bands at 365 nm and 405 nm are related to Yb(2+) and Bi(3+). 465 nm excitation band and 480 nm absorption band in the blue-green are assigned to Bi(0) metal nanoparticles/grains. Yb-content-dependence of the excitation and absorption means that Bi(0) is the reduced product of Bi(3+), but greatly competed by the redox reaction of Yb(2+) ↔ Yb(3+). It is proved that the <span class="hlt">violet</span>-green excitations result in the NIR emission of Yb(3+). On the energy transfer, the virtual level of Yb(3+)-Yb(3+) as well as Bi(0) dimers probably plays an important role. An effective and controllable way is suggested to achieve nano-optical applications by Bi(0) metal nanoparticles/grains and Yb(3+).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874879','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874879"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> Laser Diode Enables Lighting Communication.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chi, Yu-Chieh; Huang, Yu-Fang; Wu, Tsai-Chen; Tsai, Cheng-Ting; Chen, Li-Yin; Kuo, Hao-Chung; Lin, Gong-Ru</p> <p>2017-09-05</p> <p><span class="hlt">Violet</span> laser diode (VLD) based white-light source with high color rendering index (CRI) for lighting communication is implemented by covering with Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ (YAG:Ce) or Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ /CaAlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ (LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu) phosphorous diffuser plates. After passing the beam of VLD biased at 70 mA (~2I th ) through the YAG:Ce phosphorous diffuser, a daylight with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5068 K and a CRI of 65 is acquired to provide a forward error correction (FEC) certified data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. By using the VLD biased at 122 mA (~3.5I th ) to excite the LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu phosphorous diffuser with 0.85-mm thickness, a warm white-light source with a CCT of 2700 K and a CRI of 87.9 is obtained at a cost of decreasing transmission capacity to 2.4 Gbit/s. Thinning the phosphor thickness to 0.75 mm effectively reduces the required bias current by 32 mA to achieve the same CCT for the delivered white light, which offers an enlarged CRI of 89.1 and an increased data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. Further enlarging the bias current to 105 mA remains the white-light transmission capacity at 4.4 Gbit/s but reveals an increased CCT of 3023 K and an upgraded CRI of 91.5.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3040S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3040S"><span><span class="hlt">Airglow</span> at 630 and 557.7 nm during HF pumping of the Ionosphere near the 4th Gyroharmonic at the ``Sura'' Facility in September 2012</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shindin, Alexey; Nasyrov, Igor; Grach, Savely; Sergeev, Evgeny; Klimenko, Vladimir; Beletsky, Alexandr</p> <p></p> <p>We present results of artificial optical emission observations in the red (630 nm) and green (557.7 nm) lines of the atomic oxygen during ionosphere HF pumping at the Sura facility (56.1°N, 46.1°E, magnetic field dip angle 71.5°) in Sep. 2012. Pump wave (PW) of O-polarization at frequencies f0 = 4.74 - 5.64 MHz was used in the experiment according to ionospheric conditions after sunset. Two CCD cameras (S1C/079-FP(FU) and KEO Sentinel with fields of view 20° and 145°, respectively, and 3 photometers were used for the emission registration. For estimation of a relation between the PW frequency f0 and 4th electron gyroharmonic 4fce Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) registration was applied (for details see [1]). On September 11 the pump beam was inclined by 12° to the South, the PW frequencies f0 = 5.40 and 5.42 MHz were slightly above 4fce. On September 13, for vertical pumping, f0 was 5.64 MHz (well above 4fce), 5.32 - 5.42 MHz (around 4fce) and 4.74 MHz (well below 4fce). On September 14 the vertical pumping at f0 = 5.30 - 5.36 MHz and 4.74 MHz was used. In the latter day due to natural motion of the ionosphere and concurrent SEE measurements we were able to obtain a fine dependence of the optical brightness on the proximity f0 and 4fce. For the red line no essential dependence, as well of the shape and position of the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> spot on the proximity was obtained with one exception: on Sep. 14 when, according to the SEE spectra, f0 was just below 4fce (by 15-20 kHz), the brightness essentially increased, by 1.25-1.5 times. For the green line, the brightest emission occurred when f0 was passing through 4fce (Sep. 14) and when f0 = 5.64 MHz (Sep. 13, well above 4fce). Also, on Sep. 14 the <span class="hlt">airglow</span> enhancement in the red line during the pumping was replaced by the suppression of the background emission when the ionosphere critical frequency approached to f0 by less than 500 kHz. Similar effect was obtained on Sep. 11 and in [2] for south-inclined pump beam</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.489 - Batch front-end process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... device (including, but not limited to, a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.987 - Flare requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting that at least one pilot... millimeters of mercury (30 inches of mercury), but the standard temperature for determining the volume... cubic meter) (megajoules per kilocalories), where the standard temperature for gram mole per standard...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.987 - Flare requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting that at least one pilot... millimeters of mercury (30 inches of mercury), but the standard temperature for determining the volume... cubic meter) (megajoules per kilocalories), where the standard temperature for gram mole per standard...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol11-sec63-987.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.987 - Flare requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting that at least one pilot... millimeters of mercury (30 inches of mercury), but the standard temperature for determining the volume... cubic meter) (megajoules per kilocalories), where the standard temperature for gram mole per standard...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1415 - Monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a... an absorber is used, a scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device and a specific gravity... condenser exit temperature (product side) monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.489 - Batch front-end process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... device (including, but not limited to, a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1324.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1324.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1324 - Batch process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1415 - Monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a... an absorber is used, a scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device and a specific gravity... condenser exit temperature (product side) monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol10-sec63-987.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol10-sec63-987.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.987 - Flare requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting that at least one pilot... millimeters of mercury (30 inches of mercury), but the standard temperature for determining the volume... cubic meter) (megajoules per kilocalories), where the standard temperature for gram mole per standard...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1415.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1415 - Monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a...) Where an absorber is used, a scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device and a specific gravity... condenser exit temperature (product side) monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-489.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.489 - Batch front-end process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... device (including, but not limited to, a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-09/pdf/2010-13627.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-06-09/pdf/2010-13627.pdf"><span>75 FR 32754 - Certain New Chemicals; Receipt and Status Information</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-06-09</p> <p>... are required to show photographic identification, pass through a metal detector, and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor bags are processed through an X-ray machine and subject to search. Visitors will...; <span class="hlt">ultra</span> hydroxyethyl ester, <span class="hlt">violet</span> curable metal reaction products coatings with dicyclopentadiene, 5...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=light+AND+rays&pg=7&id=EJ338122','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=light+AND+rays&pg=7&id=EJ338122"><span>From Radio to X-rays--Some 'Real' Electrical Applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Freeman, J. C.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Describes practical applications related to X-rays, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> radiation, light radiation, short-wave infra-red radiation, medium-wave infra-red radiation, long-wave infra-red radiation, microwave radiation, and radio frequency radiation. Suggests that these applications be used during instruction on electricity. (JN)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Hair+AND+chemicals&pg=2&id=EJ278541','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Hair+AND+chemicals&pg=2&id=EJ278541"><span>Polydiacetylenes: An Ideal Color System for Teaching Polymer Science.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Patel, Gordhan N.; Yang, Nan-Loh</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Describes 14 experiments that illustrate, via color changes, a broad scope of fundamental phenomena in polymer science. The experiments, suitable for high school through graduate level, require only test tubes, filter paper, heat source (hot plate or hair drier), and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light source. (JN)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090035884','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090035884"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Large Solar Sail</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Burton, Rodney; Coverstone, Victoria</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail is a next-generation <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-large (km2 class) sail system. Analysis of the launch, deployment, stabilization, and control of these sails shows that high-payload-mass fractions for interplanetary and deep-space missions are possible. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail combines propulsion and control systems developed for formation-flying microsatellites with a solar sail architecture to achieve controllable sail areas approaching 1 km2. Electrically conductive CP-1 polyimide film results in sail subsystem area densities as low as 5 g/m2. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail produces thrust levels many times those of ion thrusters used for comparable deep-space missions. The primary innovation involves the near-elimination of sail-supporting structures by attaching each blade tip to a formation- flying microsatellite, which deploys the sail and then articulates the sail to provide attitude control, including spin stabilization and precession of the spin axis. These microsatellite tips are controlled by microthrusters for sail-film deployment and mission operations. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail also avoids the problems inherent in folded sail film, namely stressing, yielding, or perforating, by storing the film in a roll for launch and deployment. A 5-km long by 2 micrometer thick film roll on a mandrel with a 1 m circumference (32 cm diameter) has a stored thickness of 5 cm. A 5 m-long mandrel can store a film area of 25,000 m2, and a four-blade system has an area of 0.1 sq km.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5363811','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5363811"><span>CSL encodes a leucine-rich-repeat protein implicated in red/<span class="hlt">violet</span> light signaling to the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kinoshita, Ayumi; Niwa, Yoshimi; Onai, Kiyoshi; Fukuzawa, Hideya; Ishiura, Masahiro</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii shows various light responses in behavior and physiology. One such photoresponse is the circadian clock, which can be reset by external light signals to entrain its oscillation to daily environmental cycles. In a previous report, we suggested that a light-induced degradation of the clock protein ROC15 is a trigger to reset the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. However, light signaling pathways of this process remained unclear. Here, we screened for mutants that show abnormal ROC15 diurnal rhythms, including the light-induced protein degradation at dawn, using a luciferase fusion reporter. In one mutant, ROC15 degradation and phase resetting of the circadian clock by light were impaired. Interestingly, the impairments were observed in response to red and <span class="hlt">violet</span> light, but not to blue light. We revealed that an uncharacterized gene encoding a protein similar to RAS-signaling-related leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins is responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Our results indicate that a previously uncharacterized red/<span class="hlt">violet</span> light signaling pathway is involved in the phase resetting of circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. PMID:28333924</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603759','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603759"><span>Rapid onsite detection of bacterial spores of biothreat importance by paper-based colorimetric method using erbium-pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> complex.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shivakiran, M S; Venkataramana, M; Lakshmana Rao, P V</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an important chemical marker for the detection of bacterial spores. In this study, complexes of lanthanide series elements such as erbium, europium, neodymium, and terbium were prepared with pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> and effectively immobilized the pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> (PV)-metal complex on a filter paper using polyvinyl alcohol. These filter paper strips were employed for the onsite detection of bacterial spores. The test filter papers were evaluated quantitatively with different concentrations of DPA and spores of various bacteria. Among the four lanthanide ions, erbium displayed better sensitivity than the other ions. The limit of detection of this test for DPA was 60 μM and 5 × 10(6) spores. The effect of other non-spore-forming bacteria and interfering chemicals on the test strips was also evaluated. The non-spore-forming bacteria did not have considerable effect on the test strip whereas chemicals such as EDTA had significant effects on the test results. The present test is rapid and robust, capable of providing timely results for better judgement to save resources on unnecessary decontamination procedures during false alarms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-26/pdf/2012-23701.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-26/pdf/2012-23701.pdf"><span>77 FR 59182 - <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-09-26</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee AGENCY: Office of Fossil Energy... of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee is to provide advice on development and implementation of programs related to <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deepwater architecture and technology to the Secretary of Energy and provide...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27244427','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27244427"><span>Spectrally-isolated <span class="hlt">violet</span> to blue wavelength generation by cascaded degenerate four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yuan, Jinhui; Kang, Zhe; Li, Feng; Zhang, Xianting; Zhou, Guiyao; Sang, Xinzhu; Wu, Qiang; Yan, Binbin; Zhou, Xian; Wang, Liang; Zhong, Kangping; Wang, Kuiru; Yu, Chongxiu; Tam, Hwa Yaw; Wai, P K A</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Generation of spectrally-isolated wavelengths in the <span class="hlt">violet</span> to blue region based on cascaded degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a tailor-made photonic crystal fiber, which has two adjacent zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) at 696 and 852 nm in the fundamental mode. The influences of the wavelength λ<sub>p</sub> and the input average power P<sub>av</sub> of the femtosecond pump pulses on the phase-matched frequency conversion process are studied. When femtosecond pump pulses at λ<sub>p</sub> of 880, 870, and 860 nm and P<sub>av</sub> of 500 mW are coupled into the normal dispersion region close to the second ZDW, the first anti-Stokes waves generated near the first ZDW act as a secondary pump for the next FWM process. The conversion efficiency η<sub>as2</sub> of the second anti-Stokes waves, which are generated at the <span class="hlt">violet</span> to blue wavelengths of 430, 456, and 472 nm, are 4.8, 6.48, and 9.66%, for λ<sub>p</sub> equalling 880, 870, and 860 nm, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-10/pdf/2010-19710.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-08-10/pdf/2010-19710.pdf"><span>75 FR 48319 - <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-08-10</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee AGENCY: Department of Energy, Office of...: Purpose of the Committee: The purpose of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee is to provide advice on development and implementation of programs related to <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deepwater architecture and technology to the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-12-15/pdf/2011-32160.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-12-15/pdf/2011-32160.pdf"><span>76 FR 77990 - <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-12-15</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee AGENCY: Office of Fossil Energy... Committee: The purpose of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee is to provide advice to the Secretary of Energy on development and implementation of programs related to <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deepwater natural gas and other...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-02-08/pdf/2011-2762.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-02-08/pdf/2011-2762.pdf"><span>76 FR 6775 - <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-02-08</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee AGENCY: Department of Energy, Office of... Committee: The purpose of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deepwater Advisory Committee is to provide advice on development and implementation of programs related to <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deepwater architecture and technology to the Secretary of Energy and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-09/pdf/2010-22540.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-09/pdf/2010-22540.pdf"><span>75 FR 54860 - <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> Deepwater Advisory Committee</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-09-09</p> <p>... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> Deepwater Advisory Committee AGENCY: Department of Energy, Office of... of an open meeting of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> Deepwater Advisory Committee. The Committee was organized pursuant to.../advisorycommittees/<span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Deepwater.html . Issued in Washington, DC, on September 3, 2010. Carol A. Matthews, Committee...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770378','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770378"><span>Selection and characterization of a DNA aptamer to crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Yang; Wang, Jine; Zhang, Yajie; Xu, Lijun; Gao, Tian; Wang, Bing; Pei, Renjun</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p>Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA, which can be selected in vitro by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). In order to develop novel light-up probes to substitute G-quadruplex (G4), we selected a DNA aptamer for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV), a triphenylmethane light-up dye, by a modified affinity chromatography-based SELEX. The ssDNA pool was first coupled on streptavidin-coated agarose beads through a biotin labeled complementary oligonucleotide, and then the aptamer sequences would be released from agarose beads by CV affinity. This method is simple, straightforward and effective. The aptamer sequence with a low micromolar dissociation constant (Kd) and good specificity was achieved after 11 rounds of selection. The light-up properties of the CV-aptamer were also investigated, and the CV showed dramatic fluorescence enhancement. The CV-aptamer pair could be further used as a novel light-up fluorescent probe to design biosensors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031105','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031105"><span>Reproductive biology of the <span class="hlt">violet</span>-chested hummingbird in Venezuela and comparisons with other tropical and temperate hummingbirds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Fierro-Calderon, Karolina; Martin, T.E.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>We provide details on the breeding biology of the <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-chested Hummingbird (Sternoclyta cyanopectus) based on 67 nests studied in Yacambu?? National Park, Venezuela, from 2002 through 2006. Clutch size was two white eggs, usually laid every other day. Fresh egg mass (0.95 ?? 0.14 g) was 15% of female mass. Incubation and nestling periods were 20.4 ?? 0.3 and 26.0 ?? 0.4 days, respectively. Nest attentiveness increased from 60% in early incubation to 68% in late incubation. The female spent 50% of her time brooding young nestlings, but ceased brooding by 13 days of age. Only the female fed the young, with a low rate of nest visitation (3.3 trips per hour) that did not increase with age of the young. Growth rate based on nestling mass (K = 0.28) was slow. Daily predation rates decreased across stages and were 0.064 ?? 0.044, 0.033 ?? 0.008, and 0.020 ?? 0.006 during the egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods, respectively. Most, but not all, life history traits of the <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-chested Hummingbird were similar to those reported for other tropical and temperate hummingbirds, providing further evidence that this family shows a relatively narrow range of life history variation. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2007.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010114147&hterms=personality&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpersonality','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010114147&hterms=personality&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dpersonality"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net Target Parameters. Chapter 1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kislitzin, Katherine T.; Blaylock, Bruce T. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net is a high speed network capable of rates up to one gigabit per second. It is a hub based network with four optical fiber links connecting each hub. Each link can carry up to 256 megabits of data, and the hub backplane is capable of one gigabit aggregate throughput. Host connections to the hub may be fiber, coax, or channel based. Bus based machines have adapter boards that connect to transceivers in the hub, while channel based machines use a personality module in the hub. One way that the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net achieves its high transfer rates is by off-loading the protocol processing from the hosts to special purpose protocol engines in the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net hubs. In addition, every hub has a PC connected to it by StarLAN for network management purposes. Although there is hub resident and PC resident <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net software, this document treats only the host resident <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Net software.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.127 - Transfer operations provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, infrared sensor, or an <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol11-sec63-1429.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol11-sec63-1429.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1429 - Process vent monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a... used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1429.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol12/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol12-sec63-1429.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1429 - Process vent monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a... used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.497 - Back-end process provisions-monitoring provisions for control and recovery devices used to comply...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a..., as appropriate. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a... temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.497 - Back-end process provisions-monitoring provisions for control and recovery devices used to comply...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a..., as appropriate. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a... temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.114 - Process vent provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of... accurately. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol11-sec63-1429.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol11-sec63-1429.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1429 - Process vent monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a... used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.127 - Transfer operations provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, infrared sensor, or an <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.114 - Process vent provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of... accurately. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.127 - Transfer operations provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, infrared sensor, or an <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor... temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol10-sec63-497.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.497 - Back-end process provisions-monitoring provisions for control and recovery devices used to comply...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting the presence of a..., as appropriate. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a... temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol10-sec63-114.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.114 - Process vent provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of... accurately. (1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required. (i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used, a temperature...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=268383','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=268383"><span>A flow-injection mass spectrometry fingerprinting method for authentication and quality assessment of Scutellaria lateriflora-based dietary supplements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Identification and differentiation of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin compounds in natural products can be very difficult by mass spectrometry. Using a <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span>/visible detector can be helpful, but not fool-proof, and it requires an additional detector. To solve the problem, a fast and reliab...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol32-sec1065-1010.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol32-sec1065-1010.pdf"><span>40 CFR 1065.1010 - Reference materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... § 1065.1010—Institute of Petroleum Materials Document No. and name Part 1065 reference IP-470... atomic absorption spectrometry 1065.705 IP-500, Determination of the phosphorus content of residual fuels by <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> spectrometry 1065.705 IP-501, Determination of aluminum, silicon, vanadium, nickel...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830379','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830379"><span>Visual function improvement using photocromic and selective blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> light filtering spectacle lenses in patients affected by retinal diseases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Colombo, L; Melardi, E; Ferri, P; Montesano, G; Samir Attaalla, S; Patelli, F; De Cillà, S; Savaresi, G; Rossetti, L</p> <p>2017-08-22</p> <p>To evaluate functional visual parameters using photocromic and selective blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> light filtering spectacle lenses in patients affected by central or peripheral scotoma due to retinal diseases. Sixty patients were enrolled in this study: 30 patients affected by central scotoma, group 1, and 30 affected by peripheral scotoma, group 2. Black on White Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BW-BCVA), White on Black Best Corrected Visual Acuity (WB-BCVA), Mars Contrast Sensitivity (CS) and a Glare Test (GT) were performed to all patients. Test results with blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> filter, a short-pass yellow filter and with no filters were compared. All scores from test results increased significantly with blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> filters for all patients. The mean BW-BCVA increased from 0.30 ± 0.20 to 0.36 ± 0.21 decimals in group 1 and from 0.44 ± 0.22 to 0.51 ± 0.23 decimals in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001 in both cases). The mean WB-BCVA increased from 0.31 ± 0.19 to 0.38 ± 0.23 decimals in group 1 and from 0.46 ± 0.20 to 0.56 ± 0.22 decimals in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001 in both cases). The letter count for the CS test increased from 26.7 ± 7.9 to 30.06 ± 7.8 in group 1 (Mean ± SD, p = 0.0005) and from 31.5 ± 7.6 to 33.72 ± 7.3 in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p = 0.031). GT was significantly reduced: the letter count increased from 20.93 ± 5.42 to 22.82 ± 4.93 in group 1 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001) and from 24.15 ± 5.5 to 25.97 ± 4.7 in group 2 (Mean ± SD, p < 0.0001). Higher scores were recorded with the Blue filter compared to Yellow filter in all tests (p < 0.05). No significant differences in any test results could be detected between the Yellow filter and the No filter condition. The use of a combination of photocromic lens with a selective blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> light filter showed functional benefit in all evaluated patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591378-near-infrared-photoluminescence-la-sub-alo-sub-sub-ln-sup-ln-nd-yb-sensitization-si-solar-cells','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591378-near-infrared-photoluminescence-la-sub-alo-sub-sub-ln-sup-ln-nd-yb-sensitization-si-solar-cells"><span>Near-infrared photoluminescence in La{sub 0.98}AlO{sub 3}: {sub 0.02}Ln{sup 3+}(Ln = Nd/Yb) for sensitization of c-Si solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sawala, N. S., E-mail: nssawala@gmail.com; Koparkar, K. A.; Omanwar, S. K.</p> <p>2016-05-06</p> <p>The host matrix LaAlO{sub 3} was synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method in which the Nd{sup 3+} ions and Yb{sup 3+} ions successfully doped at 2mol% concentrations. The phase purity was confirmed by X ray powder diffraction (XRD) method. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied by spectrophotometer in near infra red (NIR) and <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> visible (UV-VIS) region. The Nd{sup 3+} ion doped LaAlO{sub 3} converts a visible (VIS) green photon (587 nm) into near infrared (NIR) photon (1070 nm) while Yb{sup 3+} ion doped converts <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> (UV) photon (221 nm) into NIR photon (980 nm). The La{sub 0.98}AlO{sub 3}: {sub 0.02}Ln{supmore » 3+}(Ln = Nd / Yb) can be potentiality used for betterment of photovoltaic (PV) technology. This result further indicates its potential application as a luminescence converter layer for enhancing solar cells performance.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptMa..79..470T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptMa..79..470T"><span>NIR emitting K2SrCl4:Eu2+, Nd3+ phosphor as a spectral converter for CIGS solar cell</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tawalare, P. K.; Bhatkar, V. B.; Omanwar, S. K.; Moharil, S. V.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Intense near-infrared emitting phosphor K2SrCl4:Eu2+,Nd3+ with various concentrations of Nd3+ were synthesized. These are characterized with X-ray diffraction, reflectance, photoluminescence emission and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, PL lifetime measurements. The emission can be excited by a broad band in near <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> region as a consequence of Eu2+→Nd3+ energy transfer. The efficiency of Eu2+→Nd3+ energy transfer is as high as 95%. Fluorescence decay curves for Eu2+ doped samples are almost exponential and described by τ = 500 ns. Eu2+ lifetimes are shortened after Nd3+ doping. Near infrared Emission intensity is limited by Nd3+→Nd3+ energy transfer and the consequent concentration quenching. Nd3+ emission matches well with the spectral response of CIGS and CIS solar cells. Absorption of near <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> radiations followed by conversion to near infrared indicates the potential application in solar photovoltaics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389856','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389856"><span>Particle and chemical control using tunnel flow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chilese, Frank; Delgado, Gildardo R.; Wack, Daniel</p> <p></p> <p>An apparatus for contaminant control, having: a first optical assembly including: a first light homogenizer tunnel with: a first end connected to an extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light source, a second end in communication with a destination chamber, a first enclosed space, and, a first gas input arranged to introduce a first gas such that the first gas flows in a first direction toward the first end and in a second direction toward the second end. The apparatus alternately having: a second optical assembly including: a second light homogenizer tunnel with: a third end connected to an extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light source, amore » fourth end in communication with a destination chamber, a second enclosed space, a diffusion barrier tube including: a fifth end facing the fourth end and a sixth end in communication with a destination chamber, and a second gas input between the second light homogenizer tunnel and the diffusion tube.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282960','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282960"><span>Determination of residues of three triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites (malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, leuco crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and brilliant green) in aquaculture products by LC/MS/MS: first action 2012.25.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hurtaud-Pessel, Dominique; Couëdor, Pierrick; Verdon, Eric; Dowell, Dawn</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During the AOAC Annual Meeting held from September 30 to October 3, 2012 in Las Vegas, NV, the Expert Review Panel (ERP) on Veterinary Drug Residues reviewed data for the method for determination of residues of three triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites (malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, leuco crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>, and brilliant green) in aquaculture products by LC/MS/MS, previously published in the Journal of Chromatography A 1218, 1632-1645 (2006). The method data were reviewed and compared to the standard method performance requirements (SMPRs) found in SMPR 2009.001, published in AOAC's Official Methods of Analysis, 19th Ed. (2012). The ERP determined that the data were acceptable, and the method was approved AOAC Official First Action. The method uses acetonitrile to isolate the analyte from the matrix. Then determination is conducted by LCIMS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Accuracy ranged from 100.1 to 109.8% for samples fortified at levels of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 microg/kg. Precision ranged from 2.0 to 10.3% RSD for the intraday samples and 1.9 to 10.6% for the interday samples analyzed over 3 days. The described method is designed to accurately operate in the analytical range from 0.5 to 2 microg/kg, where the minimum required performance limit for laboratories has been fixed in the European Union at 2.0 microg/kg for these banned substances and their metabolites. Upper levels of concentrations (1-100 microg/kg) can be analyzed depending on the different optional calibrations used.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740024671','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740024671"><span>The global characteristics of atmosphere emissions in the lower thermosphere and their aeronomic implications. [OGO-4 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> photometric observations of oxygen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Reed, E. I.; Chandra, S.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The green line of atomic oxygen and the Herzberg bands of molecular oxygen as observed from the OGO-4 <span class="hlt">airglow</span> photometer are discussed in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions and their relation to the atomic oxygen content in the lower thermosphere. Daily maps of the distribution of emissions show considerable structure (cells, patches, and bands) with appreciable daily changes. When data are averaged over periods of several days in length, the resulting patterns have occasional tendencies to follow geomagnetic parallels. The Seasonal variations are characterized by maxima in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in October, with the Northern Hemisphere having substantially higher emission rates. Formulae are derived relating the vertical column emission rates of the green line and the Herzberg bands to the atomic oxygen peak density. Global averages for the time period for these data (August 1967 to January 1968), when converted to maximum atomic oxygen densities near 95 km, have a range of 2.0 x 10 to the 11th power/cu cm 2.7 x 10 to the 11th power/cu cm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AAS...205.4802T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AAS...205.4802T"><span>The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Lightweight Technology for Research in Astronomy (<span class="hlt">ULTRA</span>) Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Twarog, B. A.; Anthony-Twarog, B. J.; Shawl, S. J.; Hale, R.; Taghavi, R.; Fesen, R.; Etzel, P. B.; Martin, R.; Romeo, R.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>The collaborative focus of four academic departments (Univ. of Kansas Aerospace Engineering, Univ. of Kansas Physics & Astronomy, San Diego State University Astronomy and Dartmouth College Astronomy) and a private industry partner (Composite Mirror Applications, Inc.-CMA, Inc.) is a three-year plan to develop and test <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Lightweight Technology for Research in Astronomy (<span class="hlt">ULTRA</span>). The <span class="hlt">ULTRA</span> technology, using graphite fiber composites to fabricate mirrors and telescope structures, offers a versatile and cost-effective tool for optical astronomy, including the economical fabrication and operation of telescopes ranging from small (1m or smaller) aperture for education and research to extremely large (30m+) segmented telescopes (ELTs). The specific goal of this NSF-funded three-year Major Research Instrumentation project is to design, build, and test a 1m-class optical tube assembly (OTA) and mirrors constructed entirely from composites. In the first year of the project, the team has built and is field-testing two 0.4m prototypes to validate the optical surfaces and figures of the mirrors and to test and refine the structural dynamics of the OTA. Preparation for design and construction of the 1m telescope is underway. When completed in late 2005, the <span class="hlt">ULTRA</span> telescope will be operated remotely from Mt. Laguna Observatory east of San Diego, where it will undergo a period of intensive optical and imaging tests. A 0.4m prototype OTA with mirrors (12 kg total weight) will be on display at the meeting. Support of this work by NSF through grants AST-0320784 and AST-0321247, NASA grant NCC5-600, the University of Kansas, and San Diego State University is gratefully acknowledged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432273','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432273"><span>Surface microstructural features of scales in relation to toxic stress of Basic <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kaur, Kirandeep; Kaur, Ramandeep; Kaur, Arvinder</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The present work deals with scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the scales of Labeo rohita on exposure to lethal and sublethal doses of Basic <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-1 (an important textile and hair colorant). The dye induced loosening of the scales and caused breakage and disorganization of lepidonts. Erosion of lepidonts occurred mostly in the fish exposed to 0.20 and 0.40 mg/L dye, during acute exposure and to 0.0225 and 0.045 mg/L dye, during the subchronic exposure. However, lepidonts were sloughed off from their sockets in 0.60 and 0.80 mg/L dye during acute exposure and in 0.09 mg/L dye during the subchronic exposure. Circuli, the base that provides anchorage to the lepidonts, got damaged, and tubercles responsible for coloration of a fish became atrophied with an increase in the duration of exposure. The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that exposure to Basic <span class="hlt">Violet</span>-1 (BV-1) even at a concentration as low as 0.0225 mg was responsible for deleterious changes in the scale morphology of the test fish after 150 days of exposure. Similar changes were observed in the scales of the dead fish also. It can thus be suggested that this noninvasive technique is very helpful for evaluating the health status of an aquatic body. At the same time, the changes in ultramorphology of scales can act as an early indicator of the stress of very minute doses of dyes and even the scales of a dead fish can act as indicators of the untoward changes that would have occurred in the environment of the fish before death.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...44e2022A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...44e2022A"><span>Adsorption of Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> on Activated Carbon Prepared from Coal Flotation Concentrate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aydogmus, Ramazan; Depci, Tolga; Sarikaya, Musa; Riza Kul, Ali; Onal, Yunus</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The objective of this study is firstly to investigate the floatability properties of Zilan- Van coal after microwave irradiation and secondly to produce activated carbon from flotation concentrate in order to remove Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (CV) from waste water. The flotation experiments showed that microwave heating at 0.9 kW power level for 60 sec exposure time enhanced the hydrophobicity and increased the flotation yield. The activated carbon with remarkable surface area (696 m2/g) was produced from the flotation concentrate and used to adsorb CV from aqueous solution in a batch reactor at different temperature. The adsorption properties of CV onto the activated carbon are discussed in terms of the adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) and found that the experimental results best fitted by the Langmuir model.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-05-03/pdf/2013-10532.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-05-03/pdf/2013-10532.pdf"><span>78 FR 25946 - Hardwood and Decorative Plywood From the People's Republic of China: Antidumping Duty Investigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-05-03</p> <p>..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light cured polyurethanes, oil or oil-modified or water based polyurethanes, wax, epoxy... obscure the grain, texture or markings of wood include, but are not limited to, paper, aluminum, high... to the CBP. See Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, and Negative...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-114.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-114.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.114 - Process vent provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>..., temperature monitoring devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst... but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of... monitoring device in the firebox equipped with a continuous recorder. This requirement does not apply to gas...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-114.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-114.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.114 - Process vent provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>..., temperature monitoring devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst... but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of... monitoring device in the firebox equipped with a continuous recorder. This requirement does not apply to gas...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22crIII%22&id=EJ327255','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22crIII%22&id=EJ327255"><span>Hexaammine Complexes of Cr(III) and Co(III): A Spectral Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brown, D. R.; Pavlis, R. R.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>Procedures are provided for experiments containing complex ions with octahedral symmetry, hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride and hexaamminechromium(III) nitrate, so students can interpret fully the <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span>/visible spectra of the complex cations in terms of the ligand field parameters, 10 "Dq," the Racah interelectron repulsion parameters, "B,"…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863715','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863715"><span>Tunable, rare earth-doped solid state lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Emmett, John L.; Jacobs, Ralph R.; Krupke, William F.; Weber, Marvin J.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Laser apparatus comprising combinations of an excimer pump laser and a rare earth-doped solid matrix, utilizing the 5d-4f radiative transition in a rare earth ion to produce visible and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> laser radiation with high overall efficiency in selected cases and relatively long radiative lifetimes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3058348','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3058348"><span>Isolation and Applications of Prostate Side Population Cells Based on Dye Cycle <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Efflux</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gangavarapu, Kalyan J.; Huss, Wendy J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This unit describes methods for the digestion of human prostate clinical specimens, dye cycle <span class="hlt">violet</span> (DCV) staining procedure for the identification, isolation, and quantitation of radiolabeled dihydrotestosterone (DHT) retention of side population cells. The principle of the side population assay is based on differential efflux of DCV, a cell membrane permeable fluorescent dye, by cells with high ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity. Cells with high ABC transporter activity efflux DCV and fall in the lower left quadrant of a flow cytograph are designated as “side population” cells. This unit emphasizes tissue digestion, DCV staining, flow settings for sorting side population cells and quantitation of radiolabeled DHT retention. PMID:21400686</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5e6106D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5e6106D"><span>Size-dependent magnetic properties of cubic-phase MnSe nanospheres emitting blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> fluorescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Das, Kishan; AhmedMir, Irshad; Ranjan, Rahul; Bohidar, H. B.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We report a facile controlled synthesis of non-iron based cubic phase MnSe magnetic nanocrystals with well-defined spherical shape of different size (7–16 nm, TEM data) by hot injection method without need for special conditions. It was found that the size and its polydispersity could be easily controlled by controlling the reaction temperature. The highly crystalline (confirmed by XRD) synthesized nanoparticles showed blue-<span class="hlt">violet</span> fluorescence emission and were antiferromagnet in nature. The observed size dependent weak ferromagnetism, resulting hysteresis loop in antiferromagnet was attributed to the surface spins. Strengthening of antiferromagnetism with increasing size could be the reason for shifting of the freezing temperature towards higher side.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070011688&hterms=number+websites&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dnumber%2Bwebsites','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070011688&hterms=number+websites&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dnumber%2Bwebsites"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> Reliability Workshop Introduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shapiro, Andrew A.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This plan is the accumulation of substantial work by a large number of individuals. The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Reliability team consists of representatives from each center who have agreed to champion the program and be the focal point for their center. A number of individuals from NASA, government agencies (including the military), universities, industry and non-governmental organizations also contributed significantly to this effort. Most of their names may be found on the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Reliability PBMA website.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578274','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578274"><span>Improved contact lens disinfection by exposure to <span class="hlt">violet</span> radiation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hoenes, Katharina; Stangl, Felix; Gross, Andrej; Hessling, Martin</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Conventional procedures for contact lens disinfection, based on solutions with aggressive chemical ingredients, not only affect microorganisms but operate likewise damaging towards the epithelial eye surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of an alternative or complementary disinfection procedure for contact lenses based on irradiation within the visible wavelength range. Suspensions of S. auricularis, B. subtilis and E. coli were exposed to 405 nm irradiation, for determining the disinfection efficacy. Surviving rates were analyzed by membrane filtration as well as a semi-quantitative analysis using DipSlides. A significant antibacterial effect of the 405 nm irradiation is verifiable for all probed bacteria. Using S. auricularis, there has been no colony forming after an irradiation exposure of 2 hours. The hitherto existing results give reason for the assumption that <span class="hlt">violet</span> LEDs integrated in contact lens cases will provide a subsidiary disinfection activity and maybe even offer the reduction of chemical ingredients in lens cleaning solutions to become gentler to the eye. In addition the danger of a rerise of the germ concentration after the completion of the disinfection procedure will be reduced.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=A79-7023&hterms=photo+image&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dphoto%2Bimage','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=A79-7023&hterms=photo+image&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dphoto%2Bimage"><span>Photographer : JPL Range : 6.5 million kilometers (4 million miles) Six <span class="hlt">violet</span> images of Jupiter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Photographer : JPL Range : 6.5 million kilometers (4 million miles) Six <span class="hlt">violet</span> images of Jupiter makes the mosaic photo, showing the Great Red Spot as a swirling vortex type motion. This motion is also seen in several nearby white clouds. These bright white clouds and the Red Spot are rotating in a counter clockwise direction, except the peculiar filimentary cloud to the right of the Red Spot is going clockwise. The top of the picture shows the turbulence from the equatorial jet and more northerly atmospheric currents. The smallest clouds shown are only 70 miles (120 km) across.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877823','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877823"><span>Naked-eye determination of oxalate anion in aqueous solution with copper ion and pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Su, Jing; Sun, Yuan-Qiang; Huo, Fang-Jun; Yang, Yu-Tao; Yin, Cai-Xia</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>A novel strategy for the determination of oxalate anions was successfully established using a copper ion and pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> (PV) ensemble. The sensor ensemble can discriminate oxalate over other common anions including F(-), Cl(-), I(-), Br(-), HPO(4)(2-), PO(4)(3-), AcO(-), CO(3)(2-), SO(4)(2-), ClO(4)(-), P(2)O(7)(4-), S(2-) (deposited by Ag(+)), CN(-) (shielded by Fe(3+)) and can detect oxalate at low microgram levels in quasi-physiological aqueous solutions. The detection of the oxalate anion gives rise to a rapid observable visual color change from blue to yellow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5706255','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5706255"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Fast Microwave Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods on Cellulose Substrates for UV Sensor Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pimentel, Ana; Samouco, Ana; Araújo, Andreia; Martins, Rodrigo; Fortunato, Elvira</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In the present work, tracing and Whatman papers were used as substrates to grow zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. Cellulose-based substrates are cost-efficient, highly sensitive and environmentally friendly. ZnO nanostructures with hexagonal structure were synthesized by hydrothermal under microwave irradiation using an ultrafast approach, that is, a fixed synthesis time of 10 min. The effect of synthesis temperature on ZnO nanostructures was investigated from 70 to 130 °C. An <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (UV)/Ozone treatment directly to the ZnO seed layer prior to microwave assisted synthesis revealed expressive differences regarding formation of the ZnO nanostructures. Structural characterization of the microwave synthesized materials was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical characterization has also been performed. The time resolved photocurrent of the devices in response to the UV turn on/off was investigated and it has been observed that the ZnO nanorod arrays grown on Whatman paper substrate present a responsivity 3 times superior than the ones grown on tracing paper. By using ZnO nanorods, the surface area-to-volume ratio will increase and will improve the sensor sensibility, making these types of materials good candidates for low cost and disposable UV sensors. The sensors were exposed to bending tests, proving their high stability, flexibility and adaptability to different surfaces. PMID:29140304</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24601942','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24601942"><span>Characterisation of baroreflex sensitivity of recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Foulds, Heather J A; Cote, Anita T; Phillips, Aaron A; Charlesworth, Sarah A; Bredin, Shannon S D; Burr, Jamie F; Drury, Chipman Taylor; Ngai, Shirley; Fougere, Renee J; Ivey, Adam C; Warburton, Darren E R</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Altered autonomic function has been identified following <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance event participation among elite world-class athletes. Despite dramatic increases in recreational athlete participation in these <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance events, the physiological effects on these athletes are less known. This investigation sought to characterise changes in surrogate measures of autonomic function: heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) following <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance race participation. Further, we sought to compare baseline measures among <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls not participating in the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance race. Recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes (n = 25, 44.6 ± 8.2 years, 8 females) and recreationally active age, sex and body mass index matched controls (n = 25) were evaluated. Measurements of HRV, BPV and BRS were collected pre- and post-race for recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes and at baseline, for recreationally active controls. Post-race, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes demonstrated significantly greater sympathetic modulation [low frequency (LF) power HRV: 50.3 ± 21.6 normalised units (n.u.) to 65.9 ± 20.4 n.u., p = 0.01] and significantly lower parasympathetic modulation [high frequency (HF) power HRV: 45.0 ± 22.4 n.u. to 23.9 ± 13.1 n.u., p < 0.001] and BRS. Baseline measurements BRS (spectral: 13.96 ± 10.82 ms·mmHg(-1) vs. 11.39 ± 5.33 ms·mmHg(-1)) were similar among recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls, though recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes demonstrated greater parasympathetic modulation of some HRV and BPV measures. Recreational <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes experienced increased sympathetic tone and declines in BRS post-race, similar to previously reported elite world-class <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-endurance athletes, though still within normal population ranges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol10-sec63-987.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol10/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol10-sec63-987.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.987 - Flare requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... Emission Standards for Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, Recovery Devices and Routing to a Fuel Gas... the additional cycles. (ii) The net heating value of the gas being combusted in a flare shall be..., <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of continuously detecting that at least one pilot...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol11-sec63-1324.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol11-sec63-1324.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1324 - Batch process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the procedures...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-127.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.127 - Transfer operations provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, infrared sensor, or an <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor... scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the procedures...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol11-sec63-1324.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol11/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol11-sec63-1324.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.1324 - Batch process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the procedures...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-489.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-489.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.489 - Batch front-end process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including, but not limited to, a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... at the scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-127.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol9-sec63-127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.127 - Transfer operations provisions-monitoring requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including but not limited to a thermocouple, infrared sensor, or an <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor... scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the procedures...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-489.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol9/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol9-sec63-489.pdf"><span>40 CFR 63.489 - Batch front-end process vents-monitoring equipment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. (2) Where a flare is used, a device (including, but not limited to, a thermocouple, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> beam sensor, or infrared sensor... at the scrubber influent for liquid flow. Gas stream flow shall be determined using one of the...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013265','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160013265"><span>The LUVOIR Mission Concept: Update and Technology Overview</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bolcar, Matthew R.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We present an overview of the Large <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Optical Infrared (LUVOIR) decadal mission concept study. We provide updates from recent activities of the Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT) and the Technology Working Group (TWG). We review the technology prioritization and discuss specific technology needs to enable the LUVOIR mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED272312.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED272312.pdf"><span>Colour and Light Effects on Students' Achievement, Behavior and Physiology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wohlfarth, H.</p> <p></p> <p>A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was used to investigate the effects of full-spectrum light, prescribed color and light/color combinations, <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> light, and electromagnetic radiation in an elementary school environment. Four schools in the Wetaskiwin School District, Alberta, were involved in the study; three served…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3733961','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3733961"><span>Unexpected random urinary protein:creatinine ratio results–limitations of the pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span>-dye method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background For clinicians, it is important to rely on accurate laboratory results for patient care and optimal use of health care resources. We sought to explore our observations that urine protein:creatinine ratios (PrCr) ≥30 mg/mmol are seen not infrequently associated with normal pregnancy outcome. Methods Urine samples were collected prospectively from 160 pregnant women attending high-risk maternity clinics at a tertiary care facility. Urinary protein was measured using a pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> assay and urinary creatinine by an enzymatic method on Vitros analysers. Maternal/perinatal outcomes were abstracted from hospital records. Results 91/233 (39.1%) samples had a PrCr ≥30 mg/mmol, especially when urinary creatinine concentration was <3 mM (94.1%) vs. ≥3 mM (16.4%) (p < 0.001). When using the last sample before delivery, 47/160 (29.4%) had a PrCr ≥30 mg/mmol in diluted urine vs. only 17/160 (15.4%) in more concentrated urine (p < 0.001); PrCr positive results were also more frequent among the 32 (20.0%) women with known normal pregnancy outcome (90.9% vs. 0) (p < 0.001). Using the same analyser, 0.12 g/L urinary protein was ‘detected’ in deionised water. Re-analysis of data from two cohorts revealed substantially less inflation of PrCr in dilute urine using a pyrogallol red assay. Conclusions Random urinary PrCr was overestimated in dilute urine when tested using a common pyrocatechol <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye-based method. This effect was reduced in cohorts when pyrogallol red assays were used. False positive results can impact on diagnosis and patient care. This highlights the need for both clinical and laboratory quality improvement projects and standardization of laboratory protein measurement. PMID:23865673</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JASTP.135..192W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JASTP.135..192W"><span>Spatial gravity wave characteristics obtained from multiple OH(3-1) <span class="hlt">airglow</span> temperature time series</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wachter, Paul; Schmidt, Carsten; Wüst, Sabine; Bittner, Michael</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>We present a new approach for the detection of gravity waves in OH-<span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations at the measurement site Oberpfaffenhofen (11.27°E, 48.08°N), Germany. The measurements were performed at the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) during the period from February 4th, 2011 to July 6th, 2011. In this case study the observations were carried out by three identical Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometers (GRIPS). These instruments provide OH(3-1) rotational temperature time series, which enable spatio-temporal investigations of gravity wave characteristics in the mesopause region. The instruments were aligned in such a way that their fields of view (FOV) formed an equilateral triangle in the OH-emission layer at a height of 87 km. The Harmonic Analysis is applied in order to identify joint temperature oscillations in the three individual datasets. Dependent on the specific gravity wave activity in a single night, it is possible to detect up to four different wave patterns with this method. The values obtained for the waves' periods and phases are then used to derive further parameters, such as horizontal wavelength, phase velocity and the direction of propagation. We identify systematic relationships between periods and amplitudes as well as between periods and horizontal wavelengths. A predominant propagation direction towards the East and North-North-East characterizes the waves during the observation period. There are also indications of seasonal effects in the temporal development of the horizontal wavelength and the phase velocity. During late winter and early spring the derived horizontal wavelengths and the phase velocities are smaller than in the subsequent period from early April to July 2011.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title7-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title7-vol3-sec58-144.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title7-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title7-vol3-sec58-144.pdf"><span>7 CFR 58.144 - Pasteurization or <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-pasteurization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pasteurization or <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-pasteurization. 58.144 Section... Service 1 Operations and Operating Procedures § 58.144 Pasteurization or <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-pasteurization. When pasteurization or <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-pasteurization is intended or required, or when a product is designated “pasteurized” or...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010074012','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010074012"><span>Quantitative Detection of Combustion Species using <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Diode Lasers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pilgrim, J. S.; Peterson, K. A.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Southwest Sciences is developing a new microgravity combustion diagnostic based on UV diode lasers. The instrument will allow absolute concentration measurements of combustion species on a variety of microgravity combustion platforms including the Space Station. Our approach uses newly available room temperature UV diode lasers, thereby keeping the instrument compact, rugged and energy efficient. The feasibility of the technique was demonstrated by measurement of CH radicals in laboratory flames. Further progress in fabrication technology of UV diode lasers at shorter wavelengths and higher power will result in detection of transient species in the deeper UV. High sensitivity detection of combustion radicals is provided with wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61744&keyword=solar+AND+system&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=61744&keyword=solar+AND+system&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>CHARACTERIZATION OF RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AMPHIBIANS TO <span class="hlt">ULTRA</span> <span class="hlt">VIOLET</span> RADIATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Different studies have demonstrated that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can adversely affect survival and development of embryonic and larval amphibians. However, because of among-laboratory variations in exposure profiles (artificial vs. natural sunlight; natural sunlight at d...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989SPIE.1086..282D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989SPIE.1086..282D"><span>An Experimental Characterization System for Deep <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (UV) Photoresists</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Drako, Dean M.; Partlo, William N.; Oldham, William G.; Neureuther, Andrew R.</p> <p>1989-08-01</p> <p>A versatile system designed specifically for experimental automated photoresist characterization has been constructed utilizing an excimer laser source for exposure at 248nm. The system was assembled, as much as possible, from commercially available components in order to facilitate its replication. The software and hardware are completely documented in a University of California-Berkeley Engineering Research Lab Memo. An IBM PC-AT compatible computer controls an excimer laser, operates a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, measures and records the energy of each laser pulse (incident, reflected, and transmitted), opens and closes shutters, and operates two linear stages for sample movement. All operations (except FTIR data reduction) are managed by a control program written in the "C" language. The system is capable of measuring total exposure dose, performing bleaching measurements, creating and recording exposure pulse sequences, and generating exposure patterns suitable for multiple channel monitoring of the development. The total exposure energy, energy per pulse, and pulse rate are selectable over a wide range. The system contains an in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the photoresist baking and exposure processes (baking is not done in-situ). FIIR may be performed in transmission or reflection. The FTIR data will form the basis of comprehensive multi-state resist models. The system's versatility facilitates the development of new automated and repeatable experiments. Simple controlling software, utilizing the provided interface sub-routines, can be written to control new experiments and collect data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA050379','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA050379"><span>Absolute Two-Photon Absorption Coefficients in <span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> Window Materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1977-12-01</p> <p>fvtt* tld » II ntctHB,-y md Idtnlll’ by block number; The absolute two-photon absorption coefficiehts of u. v. transmitting materials have been...measured using well-calibrated single picosecond pulses, at the third and fourth harmonic of a mode locked Nd:YAG laser systems. Twc photon...30, 1977. Work in the area of laser induced breakdown and multiphoton absorption in ultraviolet and infrared laser window materials was carried</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=solar+AND+radiation&id=EJ1133289','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=solar+AND+radiation&id=EJ1133289"><span>Prevalence of Sun Protection at Outdoor Recreation and Leisure Venues at Resorts in North America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Walkosz, Barbara J.; Scott, Michael D.; Buller, David B.; Andersen, Peter A.; Beck, Larry; Cutter, Gary R.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background: Exposure to solar <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> radiation (UVR) is a primary risk factor for skin cancer. Vacationers often fail to protect themselves from harmful UVR. Purpose: The study assessed the sun protection practices of resort guests in various outdoor leisure and recreation venues during warm-weather seasons. Method: Forty-one North American…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA254002','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA254002"><span>Infiltration Kinetics and Interfacial Bond Strength of Metal Matrix Composites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1992-07-01</p> <p>and M. Kohyama [29] used X-ray and <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> photoelectron spectroscopy to monitor the in situ electronic structure changes of the alumina surface...in terms of Gibbs excess energy, G". Therefore, AGUa A- A GR Gx- (3) The procedure established to estimate GX" involves the use of the experimentally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/192433','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/192433"><span>Recovery of EUVL substrates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vernon, S.P.; Baker, S.L.</p> <p>1995-01-19</p> <p>Mo/Si multilayers, were removed from superpolished zerodur and fused silica substrates with a dry etching process that, under suitable processing conditions, produces negligible change in either the substrate surface figure or surface roughness. Full recovery of the initial normal incidence extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (EUV) reflectance response has been demonstrated on reprocessed substrates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=uv+AND+visible&pg=2&id=EJ338056','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=uv+AND+visible&pg=2&id=EJ338056"><span>A Low-Cost Liquid-Chromatography System Using a Spectronic 20-Based Detector.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Jezorek, John R.; And Others</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Describes the design and evaluation of a Spectronic 20-based detector as well as a simple system for postcolumn derivatization useful for metal-ion chromatographic detection. Both detection and derivatization can be performed in the <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (UV) mode using a low-cost UV-visible spectrophotometer and UV-region derivatization reagents. (JN)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27331147','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27331147"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-wide-field imaging in diabetic retinopathy; an overview.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil; Wang, Kang; Khadamy, Joobin; Sadda, Srinivas R</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>To present an overview on <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field imaging in diabetic retinopathy. A comprehensive search of the pubmed database was performed using the search terms of "<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field imaging", "<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field fluorescein angiography" and "diabetic retinopathy". The relevant original articles were reviewed. New advances in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field imaging allow for precise measurements of the peripheral retinal lesions. A consistent finding amongst these articles was that <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field imaging improved detection of peripheral lesion. There was discordance among the studies, however, on the correlation between peripheral diabetic lesions and diabetic macular edema. Visualization of the peripheral retina using <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-wide-field imaging improves diagnosis and classification of diabetic retinopathy. Additional studies are needed to better define the association of peripheral diabetic lesions with diabetic macular edema.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175620','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175620"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-short ion and neutron pulse production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Leung, Ka-Ngo; Barletta, William A.; Kwan, Joe W.</p> <p>2006-01-10</p> <p>An ion source has an extraction system configured to produce <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-short ion pulses, i.e. pulses with pulse width of about 1 .mu.s or less, and a neutron source based on the ion source produces correspondingly <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-short neutron pulses. To form a neutron source, a neutron generating target is positioned to receive an accelerated extracted ion beam from the ion source. To produce the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-short ion or neutron pulses, the apertures in the extraction system of the ion source are suitably sized to prevent ion leakage, the electrodes are suitably spaced, and the extraction voltage is controlled. The ion beam current leaving the source is regulated by applying <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-short voltage pulses of a suitable voltage on the extraction electrode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..473H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AnGeo..36..473H"><span>Simultaneous 6300 Å <span class="hlt">airglow</span> and radar observations of ionospheric irregularities and dynamics at the geomagnetic equator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hickey, Dustin A.; Martinis, Carlos R.; Mendillo, Michael; Baumgardner, Jeffrey; Wroten, Joei; Milla, Marco</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In March 2014 an all-sky imager (ASI) was installed at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95° S, 76.87° W; 0.3° S MLAT). We present results of equatorial spread F (ESF) characteristics observed at Jicamarca and at low latitudes. Optical 6300 and 7774 Å <span class="hlt">airglow</span> observations from the Jicamarca ASI are compared with other collocated instruments and with ASIs at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8° S, 69.3° W; 19.8° S MLAT), and Villa de Leyva, Colombia (5.6° N, 73.52° W; 16.4° N MLAT). We use Jicamarca radar data, in incoherent and coherent modes, to obtain plasma parameters and detect echoes from irregularities. We find that ESF depletions tend to appear in groups with a group-to-group separation around 400-500 km and within-group separation around 50-100 km. We combine data from the three ASIs to investigate the conditions at Jicamarca that could lead to the development of high-altitude, or topside, plumes. We compare zonal winds, obtained from a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, with plasma drifts inferred from the zonal motion of plasma depletions. In addition to the ESF studies we also investigate the midnight temperature maximum and its effects at higher latitudes, visible as a brightness wave at El Leoncito. The ASI at Jicamarca along with collocated and low-latitude instruments provide a clear two-dimensional view of spatial and temporal evolution of ionospheric phenomena at equatorial and low latitudes that helps to explain the dynamics and evolution of equatorial ionospheric/thermospheric processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745038"><span>Photoconversion changes bilin chromophore conjugation and protein secondary structure in the <span class="hlt">violet</span>/orange cyanobacteriochrome NpF2164g3' [corrected].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lim, Sunghyuk; Rockwell, Nathan C; Martin, Shelley S; Dallas, Jerry L; Lagarias, J Clark; Ames, James B</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are cyanobacterial photoreceptors distantly related to phytochromes. All CBCRs examined to date utilize a conserved Cys residue to form a covalent thioether linkage to the bilin chromophore. In the insert-Cys CBCR subfamily, a second conserved Cys can covalently link to the bilin C10 methine bridge, allowing detection of near-UV to blue light. The best understood insert-Cys CBCR is the <span class="hlt">violet</span>/orange CBCR NpF2164g3 from Nostoc punctiforme, which has a stable second linkage in the <span class="hlt">violet</span>-absorbing dark state. Photoconversion of NpF2164g3 leads to elimination of the second linkage and formation of an orange-absorbing photoproduct. We recently reported NMR chemical shift assignments for the orange-absorbing photoproduct state of NpF2164g3. We here present equivalent information for its <span class="hlt">violet</span>-absorbing dark state. In both photostates, NpF2164g3 is monomeric in solution and regions containing the two conserved Cys residues essential for photoconversion are structurally disordered. In contrast to blue light receptors such as phototropin, NpF2164g3 is less structurally ordered in the dark state than in the photoproduct. The insert-Cys insertion loop and C-terminal helix exhibit light-dependent structural changes. Moreover, a motif containing an Asp residue also found in other CBCRs and in phytochromes adopts a random-coil structure in the dark state but a stable α-helix structure in the photoproduct. NMR analysis of the chromophore is consistent with a less ordered dark state, with A-ring resonances only resolved in the photoproduct. The C10 atom of the bilin chromophore exhibits a drastic change in chemical shift upon photoconversion, changing from 34.5 ppm (methylene) in the dark state to 115 ppm (methine) in the light-activated state. Our results provide structural insight into the two-Cys photocycle of NpF2164g3 and the structurally diverse mechanisms used for light perception by the larger phytochrome superfamily.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859783','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859783"><span>Antibody labeling with Remazol Brilliant <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5R, a vinylsulphonic reactive dye.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ferrari, Alejandro; Friedrich, Adrián; Weill, Federico; Wolman, Federico; Leoni, Juliana</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Colloidal gold is the first choice for labeling antibodies to be used in Point Of Care Testing. However, there are some recent reports on a family of textile dyes-named "reactive dyes"-being suitable for protein labeling. In the present article, protein labeling conditions were optimized for Remazol Brilliant <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 5R, and the sensitivity of the labeled antibodies was assessed and compared with that of colloidal-gold labeled antibodies. Also, the accelerated stability was explored. Optimal conditions were pH 10.95, dye:Ab molar ratio of 264 and an incubation time of 132 min. Labeled antibodies were stable, and could be successfully used in a slot blot assay, detecting as low as 400 ng/mL. Therefore, the present work demonstrates that vinylsulphonic reactive dyes can be successfully used to label antibodies, and are excellent candidates for the construction of a new generation of Point of Care Testing kits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9802K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.9802K"><span>Geodynamic environments of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-slow spreading</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kokhan, Andrey; Dubinin, Evgeny</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-slow spreading is clearly distinguished as an outstanding type of crustal accretion by recent studies. Spreading ridges with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-slow velocities of extension are studied rather well. But <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-slow spreading is characteristic feature of not only spreading ridges, it can be observed also on convergent and transform plate boundaries. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-slow spreading is observed now or could have been observed in the past in the following geodynamic environments on divergent plate boundaries: 1. On spreading ridges with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-slow spreading, both modern (f.e. Gakkel, South-West Indian, Aden spreading center) and ceased (Labrador spreading center, Aegir ridge); 2. During transition from continental rifting to early stages of oceanic spreading (all spreading ridges during incipient stages of their formation); 3. During incipient stages of formation of spreading ridges on oceanic crust as a result of ridge jumps and reorganization of plate boundaries (f.e. Mathematicians rise and East Pacific rise); 4. During propagation of spreading ridge into the continental crust under influence of hotspot (Aden spreading center and Afar triple junction), under presence of strike-slip faults preceding propagation (possibly, rift zone of California Bay). <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-slow spreading is observed now or could have been observed in the past in the following geodynamic environments on transform plate boundaries: 1. In transit zones between two "typical" spreading ridges (f.e. Knipovich ridge); 2. In semi strike-slip/extension zones on the oceanic crust (f.e. American-Antarctic ridge); 3. In the zones of local extension in regional strike-slip areas in pull-apart basins along transform boundaries (Cayman trough, pull-apart basins of the southern border of Scotia plate). <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-slow spreading is observed now or could have been observed in the past in the following geodynamic environments on convergent plate boundaries: 1. During back-arc rifting on the stage of transition into back-arc spreading (central</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997NuPhS..53..324G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997NuPhS..53..324G"><span>A Preliminary Lattice Study of the Glue in the Nucleon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Göckeler, M.; Horsley, R.; Ilgenfritz, E.-M.; Oelrich, H.; Perlt, H.; Rakow, P. E. L.; Schierholz, G.; Schiller, A.; Stephenson, P.</p> <p>1997-02-01</p> <p>About half the mass of a hadron is given from gluonic contributions. In this talk we calculate the chromoelectric and chromo-magnetic components of the nucleon mass. These computations are numerically difficult due to gluon field <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> fluctuations. Nevertheless a high statistics feasibility run using quenched Wilson fermions seems to show reasonable signals.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bacteria+AND+experiments&pg=4&id=EJ939378','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=bacteria+AND+experiments&pg=4&id=EJ939378"><span>UV Radiation Damage and Bacterial DNA Repair Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Zion, Michal; Guy, Daniel; Yarom, Ruth; Slesak, Michaela</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This paper reports on a simple hands-on laboratory procedure for high school students in studying both radiation damage and DNA repair systems in bacteria. The sensitivity to <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> (UV) radiation of both "Escherichia coli" and "Serratia marcescens" is tested by radiating them for varying time periods. Two growth temperatures are used in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872327','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872327"><span>Method for high-precision multi-layered thin film deposition for deep and extreme ultraviolet mirrors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Ruffner, Judith Alison</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>A method for coating (flat or non-flat) optical substrates with high-reflectivity multi-layer coatings for use at Deep <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> ("DUV") and Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> ("EUV") wavelengths. The method results in a product with minimum feature sizes of less than 0.10-.mu.m for the shortest wavelength (13.4-nm). The present invention employs a computer-based modeling and deposition method to enable lateral and vertical thickness control by scanning the position of the substrate with respect to the sputter target during deposition. The thickness profile of the sputter targets is modeled before deposition and then an appropriate scanning algorithm is implemented to produce any desired, radially-symmetric thickness profile. The present invention offers the ability to predict and achieve a wide range of thickness profiles on flat or figured substrates, i.e., account for 1/R.sup.2 factor in a model, and the ability to predict and accommodate changes in deposition rate as a result of plasma geometry, i.e., over figured substrates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6367198','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6367198"><span>Method for high-precision multi-layered thin film deposition for deep and extreme ultraviolet mirrors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Ruffner, J.A.</p> <p>1999-06-15</p> <p>A method for coating (flat or non-flat) optical substrates with high-reflectivity multi-layer coatings for use at Deep <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (DUV) and Extreme <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> (EUV) wavelengths. The method results in a product with minimum feature sizes of less than 0.10 [micro]m for the shortest wavelength (13.4 nm). The present invention employs a computer-based modeling and deposition method to enable lateral and vertical thickness control by scanning the position of the substrate with respect to the sputter target during deposition. The thickness profile of the sputter targets is modeled before deposition and then an appropriate scanning algorithm is implemented to produce any desired, radially-symmetric thickness profile. The present invention offers the ability to predict and achieve a wide range of thickness profiles on flat or figured substrates, i.e., account for 1/R[sup 2] factor in a model, and the ability to predict and accommodate changes in deposition rate as a result of plasma geometry, i.e., over figured substrates. 15 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.144..249L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.144..249L"><span>Light absorption of organic aerosol from pyrolysis of corn stalk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Xinghua; Chen, Yanju; Bond, Tami C.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Organic aerosol (OA) can absorb solar radiation in the low-visible and <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> wavelengths thereby modifying radiative forcing. Agricultural waste burning emits a large quantity of organic carbon in many developing countries. In this work, we improved the extraction and analysis method developed by Chen and Bond, and extended the spectral range of OC absorption. We examined light absorbing properties of primary OA from pyrolysis of corn stalk, which is a major type of agricultural wastes. Light absorption of bulk liquid extracts of OA was measured using a UV-vis recording spectrophotometer. OA can be extracted by methanol at 95%, close to full extent, and shows polar character. Light absorption of organic aerosol has strong spectral dependence (Absorption Ångström exponent = 7.7) and is not negligible at <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> and low-visible regions. Higher pyrolysis temperature produced OA with higher absorption. Imaginary refractive index of organic aerosol (kOA) is 0.041 at 400 nm wavelength and 0.005 at 550 nm wavelength, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1131938','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1131938"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deep Drilling Cost Reduction; Design and Fabrication of an <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Deep Drilling Simulator (UDS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lindstrom, Jason</p> <p>2010-01-31</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-deep drilling, below about 20,000 ft (6,096 m), is extremely expensive and limits the recovery of hydrocarbons at these depths. Unfortunately, rock breakage and cuttings removal under these conditions is not understood. To better understand and thus reduce cost at these conditions an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep single cutter drilling simulator (UDS) capable of drill cutter and mud tests to sustained pressure and temperature of 30,000 psi (207 MPa) and 482 °F (250 °C), respectively, was designed and manufactured at TerraTek, a Schlumberger company, in cooperation with the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory. UDS testing under <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-deep drilling conditions offers anmore » economical alternative to high day rates and can prove or disprove the viability of a particular drilling technique or fluid to provide opportunity for future domestic energy needs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834497','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834497"><span>Development and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-structure of an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin silicone epidermis of bioengineered alternative tissue.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wessels, Quenton; Pretorius, Etheresia</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Burn wound care today has a primary objective of temporary or permanent wound closure. Commercially available engineered alternative tissues have become a valuable adjunct to the treatment of burn injuries. Their constituents can be biological, alloplastic or a combination of both. Here the authors describe the aspects of the development of a siloxane epidermis for a collagen-glycosaminoglycan and for nylon-based artificial skin replacement products. A method to fabricate an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin epidermal equivalent is described. Pores, to allow the escape of wound exudate, were punched and a tri-filament nylon mesh or collagen scaffold was imbedded and silicone polymerisation followed at 120°C for 5 minutes. The <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-structure of these bilaminates was assessed through scanning electron microscopy. An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin biomedical grade siloxane film was reliably created through precision coating on a pre-treated polyethylene terephthalate carrier. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29b5201G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MeScT..29b5201G"><span>A low-cost, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-fast and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low noise preamplifier for silicon avalanche photodiodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gasmi, Khaled</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-fast and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low noise preamplifier for amplifying the fast and weak electrical signals generated by silicon avalanche photodiodes has been designed and developed. It is characterized by its simplicity, compactness, reliability and low cost of construction. A very wide bandwidth of 300 MHz, a very good linearity from 1 kHz to 280 MHz, an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low noise level at the input of only 1.7 nV Hz-1/2 and a very good stability are its key features. The compact size (70 mm  ×  90 mm) and light weight (45 g), as well as its excellent characteristics, make this preamplifier very competitive compared to any commercial preamplifier. The preamplifier, which is a main part of the detection system of a homemade laser remote sensing system, has been successfully tested. In addition, it is versatile and can be used in any optical detection system requiring high speed and very low noise electronics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017FrME...12..158Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017FrME...12..158Y"><span>Review on the progress of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-precision machining technologies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yuan, Julong; Lyu, Binghai; Hang, Wei; Deng, Qianfa</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-precision machining technologies are the essential methods, to obtain the highest form accuracy and surface quality. As more research findings are published, such technologies now involve complicated systems engineering and been widely used in the production of components in various aerospace, national defense, optics, mechanics, electronics, and other high-tech applications. The conception, applications and history of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-precision machining are introduced in this article, and the developments of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-precision machining technologies, especially <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-precision grinding, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-precision cutting and polishing are also reviewed. The current state and problems of this field in China are analyzed. Finally, the development trends of this field and the coping strategies employed in China to keep up with the trends are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063778','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063778"><span><span class="hlt">Violet</span> Light Exposure Can Be a Preventive Strategy Against Myopia Progression.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Torii, Hidemasa; Kurihara, Toshihide; Seko, Yuko; Negishi, Kazuno; Ohnuma, Kazuhiko; Inaba, Takaaki; Kawashima, Motoko; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Kondo, Shinichiro; Miyauchi, Maki; Miwa, Yukihiro; Katada, Yusaku; Mori, Kiwako; Kato, Keiichi; Tsubota, Kinya; Goto, Hiroshi; Oda, Mayumi; Hatori, Megumi; Tsubota, Kazuo</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. Outdoor activity is one of the most important environmental factors for myopia control. Here we show that <span class="hlt">violet</span> light (VL, 360-400nm wavelength) suppresses myopia progression. First, we confirmed that VL suppressed the axial length (AL) elongation in the chick myopia model. Expression microarray analyses revealed that myopia suppressive gene EGR1 was upregulated by VL exposure. VL exposure induced significantly higher upregulation of EGR1 in chick chorioretinal tissues than blue light under the same conditions. Next, we conducted clinical research retrospectively to compare the AL elongation among myopic children who wore eyeglasses (VL blocked) and two types of contact lenses (partially VL blocked and VL transmitting). The data showed the VL transmitting contact lenses suppressed myopia progression most. These results suggest that VL is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control. Since VL is apt to be excluded from our modern society due to the excessive UV protection, VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000038366','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000038366"><span>Gravity Wave Energetics Determined From Coincident Space-Based and Ground-Based Observations of <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> Emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Significant progress was made toward the goals of this proposal in a number of areas during the covered period. Section 5.1 contains a copy of the originally proposed schedule. The tasks listed below have been accomplished: (1) Construction of space-based observing geometry gravity wave model. This model has been described in detail in the paper accompanying this report (Section 5.2). It can simulate the observing geometry of both ground-based, and orbital instruments allowing comparisons to be made between them. (2) Comparisons of relative emission intensity, temperatures, and Krassovsky's ratio for space- and ground-based observing geometries. These quantities are used in gravity wave literature to describe the effects of the waves on the <span class="hlt">airglow</span>. (3) Rejection of Bates [1992], and Copeland [1994] chemistries for gravity wave modeling purposes. Excessive 02(A(sup 13)(Delta)) production led to overproduction of O2(b(sup 1)(Sigma)), the state responsible for the emission of O2. Atmospheric band. Attempts were made to correct for this behavior, but could not adequately compensate for this. (4) Rejection of MSX dataset due to lack of coincident data, and resolution necessary to characterize the waves. A careful search to identify coincident data revealed only four instances, with only one of those providing usable data. Two high latitude overpasses and were contaminated by auroral emissions. Of the remaining two mid-latitude coincidences, one overflight was obscured by cloud, leaving only one ten minute segment of usable data. Aside from the statistical difficulties involved in comparing measurements taken in this short period, the instrument lacks the necessary resolution to determine the vertical wavelength of the gravity wave. This means that the wave cannot be uniquely characterized from space with this dataset. Since no observed wave can be uniquely identified, model comparisons are not possible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160014705','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160014705"><span>UV Coatings, Polarization, and Coronagraphy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bolcar, Matthew R.; Quijada, Manuel; West, Garrett; Balasubramanian, Bala; Krist, John; Martin, Stefan; Sabatke, Derek</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Presenation for the Large <span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> Optical Infrared (LUVOIR) and Habitable Exoplanet Imager (HabEx) Science and Technology Definition Teams (STDT) on technical considerations regarding ultraviolet coatings, polarization, and coronagraphy. The presentations review the state-of-the-art in ultraviolet coatings, how those coatings generate polarization aberrations, and recent study results from both the LUVOIR and HabEx teams.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825941','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825941"><span>Consumption of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods predicts diet quality in Canada.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Batal, M; Louzada, M L; Martinez Steele, E; Monteiro, C A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This study describes food consumption patterns in Canada according to the types of food processing using the Nova classification and investigates the association between consumption of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and the nutrient profile of the diet. Dietary intakes of 33,694 individuals from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey aged 2 years and above were analyzed. Food and drinks were classified using Nova into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. Average consumption (total daily energy intake) and relative consumption (% of total energy intake) provided by each of the food groups were calculated. Consumption of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods according to sex, age, education, residential location and relative family revenue was assessed. Mean nutrient content of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and non-<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods were compared, and the average nutrient content of the overall diet across quintiles of dietary share of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods was measured. In 2004, 48% of calories consumed by Canadians came from <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. Consumption of such foods was high amongst all socioeconomic groups, and particularly in children and adolescents. As a group, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods were grossly nutritionally inferior to non-<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. After adjusting for covariates, a significant and positive relationship was found between the dietary share of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and the content in carbohydrates, free sugars, total and saturated fats and energy density, while an inverse relationship was observed with the dietary content in protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, D, B6 and B12, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, as well as zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Lowering the dietary share of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods and raising consumption of hand-made meals from unprocessed or minimally processed foods would substantially improve the diet quality of Canadian. Copyright © 2016</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133099"><span>Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> under sunlight using chemically synthesized grafted sodium alginate/ZnO/graphene oxide composite.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohamed, S K; Hegazy, Sh H; Abdelwahab, N A; Ramadan, A M</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This research aimed to synthesize natural polymer nanocomposite and employ it for coupled adsorption- photocatalytic degradation of crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>. Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid) and its composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide sheets were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and DR/UV-vis spectroscopy. The adsorption efficiency of samples for crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> has been studied in the dark. The effect of different parameters as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized sample has been examined. Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of all samples was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium adsorption results fitted Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 5.0 was 13.85 mg g -1 . Thermodynamic studies exhibited that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic in nature and leads to higher entropy. Coupled adsorption-photocatalytic degradation studies under sunlight showed an enhancement in the removal efficiency by 10%. In the case of sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-cinnamic acid)/ZnO/graphene oxide composite, the removal efficiency after 5 h under sunlight was 94% versus 84% in the dark. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683184','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683184"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance supercritical fluid chromatography, <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography for the separation of synthetic cathinones.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carnes, Stephanie; O'Brien, Stacey; Szewczak, Angelica; Tremeau-Cayel, Lauriane; Rowe, Walter F; McCord, Bruce; Lurie, Ira S</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>A comparison of <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance supercritical fluid chromatography, <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography for the separation of synthetic cathinones has been conducted. Nine different mixtures of bath salts were analyzed in this study. The three different chromatographic techniques were examined using a general set of controlled synthetic cathinones as well as a variety of other synthetic cathinones that exist as positional isomers. Overall 35 different synthetic cathinones were analyzed. A variety of column types and chromatographic modes were examined for developing each separation. For the <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance supercritical fluid chromatography separations, analyses were performed using a series of Torus and Trefoil columns with either ammonium formate or ammonium hydroxide as additives, and methanol, ethanol or isopropanol organic solvents as modifiers. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> high performance liquid chromatographic separations were performed in both reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatographic modes using SPP C18 and SPP HILIC columns. Gas chromatography separations were performed using an Elite-5MS capillary column. The orthogonality of <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance supercritical fluid chromatography, <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography was examined using principal component analysis. For the best overall separation of synthetic cathinones, the use of <span class="hlt">ultra</span> high performance supercritical fluid chromatography in combination with gas chromatography is recommended. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JPS...195.1241F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JPS...195.1241F"><span>Further demonstration of the VRLA-type <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Battery under medium-HEV duty and development of the flooded-type <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Battery for micro-HEV applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Furukawa, J.; Takada, T.; Monma, D.; Lam, L. T.</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Battery has been invented by the CSIRO Energy Technology in Australia and has been developed and produced by the Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd., Japan. This battery is a hybrid energy storage device which combines a super capacitor and a lead-acid battery in single unit cells, taking the best from both technologies without the need of extra, expensive electronic controls. The capacitor enhances the power and lifespan of the lead-acid battery as it acts as a buffer during high-rate discharging and charging, thus enabling it to provide and absorb charge rapidly during vehicle acceleration and braking. The laboratory results of the prototype valve-regulated <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries show that the capacity, power, available energy, cold cranking and self-discharge of these batteries have met, or exceeded, all the respective performance targets set for both minimum and maximum power-assist HEVs. The cycling performance of the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries under micro-, mild- and full-HEV duties is at least four times longer than that of the state-of-the-art lead-acid batteries. Importantly, the cycling performance of <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries is proven to be comparable or even better than that of the Ni-MH cells. On the other hand, the field trial of <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries in the Honda Insight HEV shows that the vehicle has surpassed 170,000 km and the batteries are still in a healthy condition. Furthermore, the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries demonstrate very good acceptance of the charge from regenerative braking even at high state-of-charge, e.g., 70% during driving. Therefore, no equalization charge is required for the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries during field trial. The HEV powered by <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries gives slightly higher fuel consumption (cf., 4.16 with 4.05 L/100 km) and CO 2 emissions (cf., 98.8 with 96 g km -1) compared with that by Ni-MH cells. There are no differences in driving experience between the Honda Insight powered by <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Batteries and by Ni-MH cells. Given such comparable performance, the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Battery pack costs</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GRC-2015-C-04208.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GRC-2015-C-04208.html"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span> High Bypass Integrated System Test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-09-14</p> <p>NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project, in collaboration with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Pratt & Whitney, completed testing of an <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Model in the 9’ x 15’ Low Speed Wind Tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center. The fan model is representative of the next generation of efficient and quiet <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engine designs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AcSpA..75..437O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AcSpA..75..437O"><span>UV-vis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies and characterization of ionic-pair crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>-oxytetracycline</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Orellana, Sandra; Soto, César; Toral, M. Inés</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The present study shows the formation and characterization of the ionic-pair between the antibiotic oxytetracycline and the dye crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> in ammonia solution pH 9.0 ± 0.2 extracted into chloroform. The characterization was demonstrated using UV-vis spectrophotometry, 1H NMR, measurement of relaxation times T1 and IR spectroscopy, using a comparison between the signals of individual pure compounds with the signals with the mixture CV-OTC in different alkaline media. The formation of ionic-pair was also corroborated by new signals and chemical shifts. (2D) NMR spectroscopy experiments show that the interaction is electrostatic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JCrGr.478..212L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JCrGr.478..212L"><span>MOVPE growth of <span class="hlt">violet</span> GaN LEDs on β-Ga2O3 substrates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Ding; Hoffmann, Veit; Richter, Eberhard; Tessaro, Thomas; Galazka, Zbigniew; Weyers, Markus; Tränkle, Günther</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>We report that a H2-free atmosphere is essential for the initial stage of metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of GaN on β-Ga2O3 to prevent the surface from damage. A simple growth method is proposed that can easily transfer established GaN growth recipes from sapphire to β-Ga2O3 with both (-2 0 1) and (1 0 0) orientations. This method features a thin AlN nucleation layer grown below 900 °C in N2 atmosphere to protect the surface of β-Ga2O3 from deterioration during further growth under the H2 atmosphere. Based on this, we demonstrate working <span class="hlt">violet</span> vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs) on n-conductive β-Ga2O3 substrates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479680','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479680"><span>White Light-Activated Antimicrobial Paint using Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hwang, Gi Byoung; Allan, Elaine; Parkin, Ivan P</p> <p>2016-06-22</p> <p>Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV) was incorporated into acrylic latex to produce white-light-activated antimicrobial paint (WLAAP). Measurement of the water contact angle of the WLAAP showed that the water contact angle increased with increasing CV concentration. In a leaching test over 120 h, the amount of CV that leached from the WLAAPs was close to the detection limit (<0.03%). The WLAAPs were used to coat samples of polyurethane, and these showed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, which is a key causative agent of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). A reduction in the numbers of viable bacteria was observed on the painted coated polyurethane after 6 h in the dark, and the bactericidal activity increased with increasing CV concentration (P < 0.1). After 6 h of white light exposure, all of coated polyurethanes demonstrated a potent photobactericidal activity, and it was statistically confirmed that the WLAAP showed better activity in white light than in the dark (P < 0.05). At the highest CV concentration, the numbers of viable bacteria fell below the detection limit (<10(3) CFU/mL) after 6 h of white light exposure. The difference in antimicrobial activity between the materials in the light and dark was 0.48 log at CV 250 ppm, and it increased by 0.43 log at each increment of CV 250 ppm. The difference was the highest (>1.8 log) at the highest CV concentration (1000 ppm). These WLAAPs are promising candidates for use in healthcare facilities to reduce HAIs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70006671','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70006671"><span>Post-column reaction for simultaneous analysis of chromatic and leuco forms of malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> by high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Allen, J.L.; Meinertz, J.R.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The chromatic and leuco forms of malachite green and crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> were readily separated and detected by a sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The chromatic and leuco forms of the dyes were separated within 11 min on a C18 column with a mobile phase of 0.05 M sodium acetate and 0.05 M acetic acid in water (19%) and methanol (81%). A reaction chamber, containing 10% PbO2 in Celite 545, was placed between the column and the spectrophotometric detector to oxidize the leuco forms of the dyes to their chromatic forms. Chromatic and leuco malachite green were quantified by their absorbance at 618 nm; and chromatic and leuco Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> by their absorbance at 588 nm. Detection limits for chromatic and leuco forms of both dyes ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 ng. A linear range of 1 to 100 ng was established for both forms of the dyes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..441..744P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..441..744P"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-high sensitive substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering, made of 3 nm gold nanoparticles embedded on SiO2 nanospheres</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Phatangare, A. B.; Dhole, S. D.; Dahiwale, S. S.; Bhoraskar, V. N.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The surface properties of substrates made of 3 nm gold nanoparticles embedded on SiO2 nanospheres enabled fingerprint detection of thiabendazole (TBZ), crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV) and 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) at an ultralow concentration of ∼10-18 M by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Gold nanoparticles of an average size of ∼3 nm were synthesized and simultaneously embedded on SiO2 nanospheres by the electron irradiation method. The substrates made from the 3 nm gold nanoparticles embedded on SiO2 nanospheres were successfully used for recording fingerprint SERS spectra of TBZ, CV and 4-ATP over a wide range of concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-18 M using 785 nm laser. The unique features of these substrates are roughness near the surface due to the inherent structural defects of 3 nm gold nanoparticles, nanogaps of ≤ 1 nm between the embedded nanoparticles and their high number. These produced an abundance of nanocavities which act as active centers of hot-spots and provided a high electric field at the reporter molecules and thus an enhancement factor required to record the SERS spectra at <span class="hlt">ultra</span> low concentration of 10-18 M. The SERS spectra recorded by the substrates of 4 nm and 6 nm gold nanoparticles are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994mst..symp..669S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994mst..symp..669S"><span>Future <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-speed tube-flight</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Salter, Robert M.</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p>Future long-link, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-speed, surface transport systems will require electromagnetically (EM) driven and restrained vehicles operating under reduced-atmosphere in very straight tubes. Such tube-flight trains will be safe, energy conservative, pollution-free, and in a protected environment. Hypersonic (and even hyperballistic) speeds are theoretically achievable. Ultimate system choices will represent tradeoffs between amoritized capital costs (ACC) and operating costs. For example, long coasting links might employ aerodynamic lift coupled with EM restraint and drag make-up. Optimized, combined EM lift, and thrust vectors could reduce energy costs but at increased ACC. (Repulsive levitation can produce lift-over-drag l/d ratios a decade greater than aerodynamic), Alternatively, vehicle-emanated, induced-mirror fields in a conducting (aluminum sheet) road bed could reduce ACC but at substantial energy costs. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-speed tube flight will demand fast-acting, high-precision sensors and computerized magnetic shimming. This same control system can maintain a magnetic 'guide way' invariant in inertial space with inertial detectors imbedded in tube structures to sense and correct for earth tremors. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-speed tube flight can complete with aircraft for transit time and can provide even greater passenger convenience by single-model connections with local subways and feeder lines. Although cargo transport generally will not need to be performed at <span class="hlt">ultra</span> speeds, such speeds may well be desirable for high throughput to optimize channel costs. Thus, a large and expensive pipeline might be replaced with small EM-driven pallets at high speeds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940031411','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940031411"><span>Future <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-speed tube-flight</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Salter, Robert M.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Future long-link, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-speed, surface transport systems will require electromagnetically (EM) driven and restrained vehicles operating under reduced-atmosphere in very straight tubes. Such tube-flight trains will be safe, energy conservative, pollution-free, and in a protected environment. Hypersonic (and even hyperballistic) speeds are theoretically achievable. Ultimate system choices will represent tradeoffs between amoritized capital costs (ACC) and operating costs. For example, long coasting links might employ aerodynamic lift coupled with EM restraint and drag make-up. Optimized, combined EM lift, and thrust vectors could reduce energy costs but at increased ACC. (Repulsive levitation can produce lift-over-drag l/d ratios a decade greater than aerodynamic), Alternatively, vehicle-emanated, induced-mirror fields in a conducting (aluminum sheet) road bed could reduce ACC but at substantial energy costs. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-speed tube flight will demand fast-acting, high-precision sensors and computerized magnetic shimming. This same control system can maintain a magnetic 'guide way' invariant in inertial space with inertial detectors imbedded in tube structures to sense and correct for earth tremors. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-speed tube flight can complete with aircraft for transit time and can provide even greater passenger convenience by single-model connections with local subways and feeder lines. Although cargo transport generally will not need to be performed at <span class="hlt">ultra</span> speeds, such speeds may well be desirable for high throughput to optimize channel costs. Thus, a large and expensive pipeline might be replaced with small EM-driven pallets at high speeds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.5150Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.5150Y"><span>Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of Commercial <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Thin Copper Foils</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yen, Ming-Hsuan; Liu, Jen-Hsiang; Song, Jenn-Ming; Lin, Shih-Ching</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-thin electrodeposited Cu foils have been developed for substrate thinning for mobile devices. Considering the corrosion by residual etchants from the lithography process for high-density circuit wiring, this study investigates the microstructural features of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin electrodeposited Cu foils with a thickness of 3 μm and their electrochemical corrosion performance in CuCl2-based etching solution. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction analyses verify that <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin Cu foils exhibit a random texture and equi-axed grains. Polarization curves show that <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin foils exhibit a higher corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density compared with conventional (220)-oriented foils with fan-like distributed fine-elongated columnar grains. Chronoamperometric results also suggest that <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin foils possess superior corrosion resistance. The passive layer, mainly composed of CuCl and Cu2O, forms and dissolves in sequence during polarization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1151747-ultra-weak-sector-higgs-boson-mass-dilaton','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1151747-ultra-weak-sector-higgs-boson-mass-dilaton"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-weak sector, Higgs boson mass, and the dilaton</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Allison, Kyle; Hill, Christopher T.; Ross, Graham G.</p> <p>2014-09-26</p> <p>The Higgs boson mass may arise from a portal coupling to a singlet fieldmore » $$\\sigma$$ which has a very large VEV $$f \\gg m_\\text{Higgs}$$. This requires a sector of "<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-weak" couplings $$\\zeta_i$$, where $$\\zeta_i \\lesssim m_\\text{Higgs}^2 / f^2$$. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-weak couplings are technically naturally small due to a custodial shift symmetry of $$\\sigma$$ in the $$\\zeta_i \\rightarrow 0$$ limit. The singlet field $$\\sigma$$ has properties similar to a pseudo-dilaton. We engineer explicit breaking of scale invariance in the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-weak sector via a Coleman-Weinberg potential, which requires hierarchies amongst the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-weak couplings.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585988','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585988"><span>Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Lactone Salicylaldehyde Hydrazone Zn(II) Complex: a Reversible Photochromic Material both in Solution and in Solid Matrix</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Kai; Li, Yuanyuan; Tao, Jing; Liu, Lu; Wang, Lili; Hou, Hongwei; Tong, Aijun</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> lactone (CVL) is a classic halochromic dye which has been widely used as chromogenic reagent in thermochromic and piezochromic systems. In this work, a very first example of CVL-based reversible photochromic compound was developed, which showed distinct color change upon UV-visible light irradiation both in solution and in solid matrix. Moreover, metal complex of CVL salicylaldehyde hydrozone was facilely synthesized, exhibiting reversible photochromic properties with good fatigue resistance. It was served as promising solid material for photo-patterning. PMID:26412101</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493679','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493679"><span>Light-Induced Fluorescence Modulation of Quantum Dot-Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Conjugates: Stochastic Off-On-Off Cycles for Multicolor Patterning and Super-Resolution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jung, Sungwook; Park, Joonhyuck; Bang, Jiwon; Kim, Jae-Yeol; Kim, Cheolhee; Jeon, Yongmoon; Lee, Seung Hwan; Jin, Ho; Choi, Sukyung; Kim, Bomi; Lee, Woo Jin; Pack, Chan-Gi; Lee, Jong-Bong; Lee, Nam Ki; Kim, Sungjee</p> <p>2017-06-07</p> <p>Photoswitching or modulation of quantum dots (QDs) can be promising for many fields that include display, memory, and super-resolution imaging. However, such modulations have mostly relied on photomodulations of conjugated molecules in QD vicinity, which typically require high power of high energy photons at UV. We report a visible light-induced facile modulation route for QD-dye conjugates. QD crystal <span class="hlt">violets</span> conjugates (QD-CVs) were prepared and the crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> (CV) molecules on QD quenched the fluorescence efficiently. The fluorescence of QD-CVs showed a single cycle of emission burst as they go through three stages of (i) initially quenched "off" to (ii) photoactivated "on" as the result of chemical change of CVs induced by photoelectrons from QD and (iii) back to photodarkened "off" by radical-associated reactions. Multicolor on-demand photopatterning was demonstrated using QD-CV solid films. QD-CVs were introduced into cells, and excitation with visible light yielded photomodulation from "off" to "on" and "off" by nearly ten fold. Individual photoluminescence dynamics of QD-CVs was investigated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single QD emission analysis, which revealed temporally stochastic photoactivations and photodarkenings. Exploiting the stochastic fluorescence burst of QD-CVs, simultaneous multicolor super-resolution localizations were demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846892','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846892"><span>Wood (Bagassa guianensis Aubl) and green coconut mesocarp (cocos nucifera) residues as textile dye removers (Remazol Red and Remazol Brilliant <span class="hlt">Violet</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Monteiro, Mônica S; de Farias, Robson F; Chaves, José Alberto Pestana; Santana, Sirlane A; Silva, Hildo A S; Bezerra, Cícero W B</p> <p>2017-12-15</p> <p>In this work the efficiency of two lignocellulosic waste materials, wood residues and coconut mesocarp, were investigated as adsorbents towards two representative textile dyes (Remazol Red, RR and Remazol Brilliant <span class="hlt">Violet</span>, RBV). The moisture, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, ash and fiber contents of both natural matrices were characterized. The materials were also characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis and thermogravimetry. The adsorption of dyes was monitored by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was verified that both, coconut mesocarp (CM) and wood residues can act as effective adsorbents towards the investigated dyes. It is verified that the maximum adsorption capacity Γ M (mg g -1 ) for RBV and RR are 7.28 and 3.97 towards CM and 0.64 and 0.71 towrads SD. Furthermore, it was verified that the adsorption is strongly pH dependent and, as a general behavior, an increase in the pH value is associated with a decrease of the total amount of adsorbed dye. The adsorption of <span class="hlt">violet</span> dye onto coconut mesocarp is well described by the Langmuir model, while all the remazol red fitted better with the Freundlich equation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873972','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873972"><span>Diffractive element in extreme-UV lithography condenser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sweatt, William C.; Ray-Chaudhuri, Avijit</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Condensers having a mirror with a diffraction grating in projection lithography using extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> significantly enhances critical dimension control. The diffraction grating has the effect of smoothing the illumination at the camera's entrance pupil with minimum light loss. Modeling suggests that critical dimension control for 100 nm features can be improved from 3 nm to less than about 0.5 nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873243','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873243"><span>Diffractive element in extreme-UV lithography condenser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sweatt, William C.; Ray-Chaudhurl, Avijit K.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Condensers having a mirror with a diffraction grating in projection lithography using extreme <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> significantly enhances critical dimension control. The diffraction grating has the effect of smoothing the illumination at the camera's entrance pupil with minimum light loss. Modeling suggests that critical dimension control for 100 nm features can be improved from 3 nm to less than about 0.5 nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8718E..0BD','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8718E..0BD"><span>3D-printed, sugar cube-size microplasma on a hybrid chip used as a spectral lamp to characterize UV-Vis transmission characteristics of polycarbonate chips for microfluidic applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Devathasan, D.; Trebych, K.; Karanassios, Vassili</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>A 3d-printed, solar-powered, battery-operated, atmospheric-pressure, self-igniting microplasma the size of a sugar-cube has been used as light source to document the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (UV) and visible transmission characteristics of differentthickness polycarbonate chips that are often used for microfluidic applications. The hybrid microplasma chip was fitted with a quartz plate because quartz is transparent to UV.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950029592&hterms=twilight&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtwilight','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950029592&hterms=twilight&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dtwilight"><span>Simultaneous retrieval of the solar EUV flux and neutral thermospheric O, O2, N2, and temperature from twilight <span class="hlt">airglow</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fennelly, J. A.; Torr, D. G.; Richards, P. G.; Torr, M. R.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>We present a method to retrieve neutral thermospheric composition and the solar EUV flux from ground-based twilight optical measurements of the O(+) ((exp 2)P) 7320 A and O((exp 1)D) 6300 A <span class="hlt">airglow</span> emissions. The parameters retrieved are the neutral temperature, the O, O2, N2 density profiles, and a scaling factor for the solar EUV flux spectrum. The temperature, solar EUV flux scaling factor, and atomic oxygen density are first retrieved from the 7320-A emission, which are then used with the 6300-A emission to retrieve the O2 and N2 densities. The retrieval techniques have been verified by computer simulations. We have shown that the retrieval technique is able to statistically retrieve values, between 200 and 400 km, within an average error of 3.1 + or - 0.6% for thermospheric temperature, 3.3 + or - 2.0% for atomic oxygen, 2.3 + or - 1.3% for molecular oxygen, and 2.4 + or - 1.3% for molecular nitrogen. The solar EUV flux scaling factor was found to have a retrieval error of 5.1 + or - 2.3%. All the above errors have a confidence level of 95%. The purpose of this paper is to prove the viability and usefulness of the retrieval technique by demonstrating the ability to retrieve known quantities under a realistic simulation of the measurement process, excluding systematic effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613989','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613989"><span>Exposure to Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span>, Its Toxic, Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects on Environment and Its Degradation and Detoxification for Environmental Safety.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mani, Sujata; Bharagava, Ram Naresh</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> (CV), a triphenylmethane dye, has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine as a biological stain, as a textile dye in textile processing industries and also used to provide a deep <span class="hlt">violet</span> color to paints and printing ink. CV is also used as a mutagenic and bacteriostatic agent in medical solutions and antimicrobial agent to prevent the fungal growth in poultry feed. Inspite of its many uses, CV has been reported as a recalcitrant dye molecule that persists in environment for a long period and pose toxic effects in environment. It acts as a mitotic poison, potent carcinogen and a potent clastogene promoting tumor growth in some species of fish. Thus, CV is regarded as a biohazard substance. Although, there are several physico-chemical methods such as adsorption, coagulation and ion-pair extraction reported for the removal of CV, but these methods are insufficient for the complete removal of CV from industrial wastewaters and also produce large quantity of sludge containing secondary pollutants. However, biological methods are regarded as cost-effective and eco-friendly for the treatment of industrial wastewaters, but these methods also have certain limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop such eco-friendly and cost-effective biological treatment methods, which can effectively remove the dye from industrial wastewaters for the safety of environment, as well as human and animal health.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24607153','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24607153"><span>Enhanced adsorption of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> and congo red by using semi and full IPN of polymethacrylic acid and chitosan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maity, Jayabrata; Ray, Samit Kumar</p> <p>2014-04-15</p> <p>Semi and full interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) type hydrogels were prepared by free radical in situ polymerization of methacrylic acid in presence of chitosan using N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) and glutaraldehyde (for full IPN) as crosslinker. Several semi and full IPN type hydrogels were prepared by varying initiator and crosslinker concentration and also monomer to chitosan mass ratio. These hydrogels were characterized and used for removal of methyl <span class="hlt">violet</span> and congo red dye from water. Isotherms and kinetics of dye adsorption were also evaluated. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29426534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29426534"><span>Multiple-channel <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> absorbance detector for two-dimensional chromatographic separations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lynch, Kyle B; Yang, Yu; Ren, Jiangtao; Liu, Shaorong</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In recent years, much research has gone into developing online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic systems allowing for high peak capacities in comparable separation times to that of one-dimensional liquid chromatographic systems. However, the speed requirements in the second dimension (2nd-D) still remain one challenge for complex biological samples due to the current configuration of two column/two detector systems. Utilization of multiple 2nd-D columns can mitigate this challenge. To adapt this approach, we need a multiple channel detector. Here we develop a versatile multichannel ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance detector that is capable of simultaneously monitoring separations in 12 columns. The detector consists of a deuterium lighthouse, a flow cell assembly (a 13-channel flow cell fitted with a 13-photodiode-detection system), and a data acquisition and monitoring terminal. Through the use of a custom high optical quality furcated fiber to improve light transmission, precise machining of a flow cell to reduce background stray light through precision alignment, and sensitive electronic circuitry to reduce electronic noise through an active low pass filter, the background noise level is measured in the tens of µAU. We obtain a linear dynamic range of close to three orders of magnitude. Compared to a commercialized multichannel UV light absorbance detector like the Waters 2488 UV/Vis, our device provides an increase in channel detection while residing within the same noise region and linear range. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5227738','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5227738"><span>Coherent <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> to near-infrared generation in silica ridge waveguides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yoon Oh, Dong; Yang, Ki Youl; Fredrick, Connor; Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott A.; Vahala, Kerry J.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Short duration, intense pulses of light can experience dramatic spectral broadening when propagating through lengths of optical fibre. This continuum generation process is caused by a combination of nonlinear optical effects including the formation of dispersive waves. Optical analogues of Cherenkov radiation, these waves allow a pulse to radiate power into a distant spectral region. In this work, efficient and coherent dispersive wave generation of visible to ultraviolet light is demonstrated in silica waveguides on a silicon chip. Unlike fibre broadeners, the arrays provide a wide range of emission wavelength choices on a single, compact chip. This new capability is used to simplify offset frequency measurements of a mode-locked frequency comb. The arrays can also enable mode-locked lasers to attain unprecedented tunable spectral reach for spectroscopy, bioimaging, tomography and metrology. PMID:28067233</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662967','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662967"><span>Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 10 <span class="hlt">Ultra-Violet</span> Filters in Sunscreens.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wharton, Mary; Geary, Michael; O'Connor, Niamh; Curtin, Laura; Ketcher, Krystal</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>A rapid HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 10 UV filters found in sunscreen. The following UV filters were analyzed in this method; 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, benzophenone-3, isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, octocrylene, ethylhexyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl salicylate and homosalate. The method was developed on two columns; a Thermo Hypersil C18 BDS, 3 µm column (4.6 × 100 mm) and a Chromolith RP-18e Monolithic column (4.6 × 100 mm). The same mobile phase of ethanol and 1% acetic acid (70:30, v/v) was employed for both columns. The separation of the 10 UV filters was carried out successfully on both columns; the optimal resolution was obtained on the Thermo Scientific Hypersil column in a time frame of 7 min. An isocratic elution utilizing ethanol and acetic acid (70:30, v/v) at a temperature of 35°C was employed. The method was applied to a number of commercial samples of sunscreen and lotions and was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. A comparison of the performances of both columns was also carried out. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014761','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014761"><span>Durable silver mirror with <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> thru far infra-red reflection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Wolfe, Jesse D.</p> <p>2010-11-23</p> <p>A durable highly reflective silver mirror characterized by high reflectance in a broad spectral range of about 300 nm in the UV to the far infrared (.about.10000 nm), as well as exceptional environmental durability. A high absorptivity metal underlayer is used which prevents the formation of a galvanic cell with a silver layer while increasing the reflectance of the silver layer. Environmentally durable overcoat layers are provided to enhance mechanical and chemical durability and protect the silver layer from corrosion and tarnishing, for use in a wide variety of surroundings or climates, including harsh or extreme environments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdSpR..48.1490N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdSpR..48.1490N"><span>Determination of temperature maps of EUV coronal hole jets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nisticò, Giuseppe; Patsourakos, Spiros; Bothmer, Volker; Zimbardo, Gaetano</p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>Coronal hole jets are fast ejections of plasma occurring within coronal holes, observed at Extreme-<span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span> (EUV) and X-ray wavelengths. Recent observations of jets by the STEREO and Hinode missions show that they are transient phenomena which occur at much higher rates than large-scale impulsive phenomena like flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). In this paper we describe some typical characteristics of coronal jets observed by the SECCHI instruments of STEREO spacecraft. We show an example of 3D reconstruction of the helical structure for a south pole jet, and present how the angular distribution of the jet position angles changes from the Extreme-<span class="hlt">UltraViolet</span>-Imager (EUVI) field of view to the CORonagraph1 (COR1) (height ∼2.0 R⊙ heliocentric distance) field of view. Then we discuss a preliminary temperature determination for the jet plasma by using the filter ratio method at 171 and 195 Å and applying a technique for subtracting the EUV background radiation. The results show that jets are characterized by electron temperatures ranging between 0.8 and 1.3 MK. We present the thermal structure of the jet as temperature maps and we describe its thermal evolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031781&hterms=Miyake&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DMiyake','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031781&hterms=Miyake&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3DMiyake"><span>Preliminary Analysis of the 30-m <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Boom Flight Test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Agnes, Gregory S.; Abelson, Robert D.; Miyake, Robert; Lin, John K. H.; Welsh, Joe; Watson, Judith J.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Future NASA missions require long, <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight booms to enable solar sails, large sunshields, and other gossamer-type spacecraft structures. The space experiment discussed in this paper will flight validate the non-traditional <span class="hlt">ultra</span> lightweight rigidizable, inflatable, isogrid structure utilizing graphite shape memory polymer (GR/SMP) called <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Boom(TradeMark). The focus of this paper is the analysis of the 3-m ground test article. The primary objective of the mission is to show that a combination of ground testing and analysis can predict the on-orbit performance of an <span class="hlt">ultra</span> lightweight boom that is scalable, predictable, and thermomechanically stable.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IAUS..329..426M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IAUS..329..426M"><span>Light-curve and spectral properties of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped core-collapse supernovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moriya, Takashi J.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>We discuss light-curve and spectral properties of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped core-collapse supernovae. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-stripped supernovae are supernovae with ejecta masses of only ~0.1M ⊙ whose progenitors lose their envelopes due to binary interactions with their compact companion stars. We follow the evolution of an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped supernova progenitor until core collapse and perform explosive nucleosynthesis calculations. We then synthesize light curves and spectra of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped supernovae based on the nucleosynthesis results. We show that <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped supernovae synthesize ~0.01M ⊙ of the radioactive 56Ni, and their typical peak luminosity is around 1042 erg s-1 or -16 mag. Their typical rise time is 5 - 10 days. By comparing synthesized and observed spectra, we find that SN 2005ek and some of so-called calcium-rich gap transients like PTF10iuv may be related to <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-stripped supernovae.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-STS099-349-002.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-STS099-349-002.html"><span>Views of a sunrise and an aurora taken from OV-105 during STS-99</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2000-04-06</p> <p>STS099-349-002 (11-22 February 2000) ---The Space Shuttle Endeavour's vertical stabilizer is visible in the foreground of this 35mm frame featuring <span class="hlt">airglow</span>, the thin greenish band above the horizon. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> is radiation emitted by the atmosphere from a layer about 30 kilometers thick and about 100 kilometers altitude. The predominant emission in <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is the green 5577-Angstrom wavelength emission from atomic oxygen atoms. <span class="hlt">Airglow</span> is always and everywhere present in the atmosphere; it results from the recombination of molecules that have been broken apart by solar radiation during the day. But <span class="hlt">airglow</span> is so faint that it can only be seen at night by looking "edge on" at the emission layer, such as the view astronauts have in orbit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090024233&hterms=uv+led+lamp&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Duv%2Bled%2Blamp','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090024233&hterms=uv+led+lamp&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Duv%2Bled%2Blamp"><span>Measuring the Photocatalytic Breakdown of Crystal <span class="hlt">Violet</span> Dye using a Light Emitting Diode Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ryan, Robert E.; Underwood, Lauren W.; O'Neal, Duane; Pagnutti, Mary; Davis, Bruce A.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>A simple method to estimate the photocatalytic reactivity performance of spray-on titanium dioxide coatings for transmissive glass surfaces was developed. This novel technique provides a standardized method to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic material systems over a variety of illumination levels. To date, photocatalysis assessments have generally been conducted using mercury black light lamps. Illumination levels for these types of lamps are difficult to vary, consequently limiting their use for assessing material performance under a diverse range of simulated environmental conditions. This new technique uses an ultraviolet (UV) gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diode (LED) array instead of a traditional black light to initiate and sustain photocatalytic breakdown. This method was tested with a UV-resistant dye (crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span>) applied to a titanium dioxide coated glass slide. Experimental control is accomplished by applying crystal <span class="hlt">violet</span> to both titanium dioxide coated slides and uncoated control slides. A slide is illuminated by the UV LED array, at various light levels representative of outdoor and indoor conditions, from the dye side of the slide. To monitor degradation of the dye over time, a temperature-stabilized white light LED, whose emission spectrum overlaps with the dye absorption spectrum, is used to illuminate the opposite side of the slide. Using a spectrometer, the amount of light from the white light LED transmitted through the slide as the dye degrades is monitored as a function of wavelength and time and is subsequently analyzed. In this way, the rate of degradation for photocatalytically coated versus uncoated slide surfaces can be compared. Results demonstrate that the dye absorption decreased much more rapidly on the photocatalytically coated slides than on the control uncoated slides, and that dye degradation is dependent on illumination level. For photocatalytic activity assessment purposes, this experimental configuration and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603401','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603401"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-widefield retinal imaging through a black intraocular lens.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yusuf, Imran H; Fung, Timothy H M; Patel, Chetan K</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>To evaluate the feasibility of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-widefield retinal imaging in patients with near infrared (IR)-transmitting black intraocular lenses (IOLs). Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. Laboratory evaluation of a diagnostic technology with interventional case report. The field of retinal imaging through a Morcher poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) black IOL was determined in a purpose-built adult schematic model eye with the HRA2 Spectralis confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope using standard imaging, Staurenghi retina lens-assisted imaging, and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-widefield noncontact imaging. Retinal imaging using each modality was then performed on a patient implanted with another Morcher PMMA black IOL model. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-widefield noncontact imaging and lens-assisted imaging captured up to 150 degrees of field (versus 40 degrees with a standard confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope). <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-widefield retinal images were successfully acquired in a patient eye with a black IOL. This study has identified the first <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-widefield retinal imaging modalities for patients with near IR-transmitting black IOLs. Should larger studies confirm this finding, noncontact <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-widefield confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy might be considered the gold standard imaging technique for retinal surveillance in patients with near IR-transmitting black IOLs. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2015 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3471246','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3471246"><span>Quantile Regression for Analyzing Heterogeneity in <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-high Dimension</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Lan; Wu, Yichao</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-high dimensional data often display heterogeneity due to either heteroscedastic variance or other forms of non-location-scale covariate effects. To accommodate heterogeneity, we advocate a more general interpretation of sparsity which assumes that only a small number of covariates influence the conditional distribution of the response variable given all candidate covariates; however, the sets of relevant covariates may differ when we consider different segments of the conditional distribution. In this framework, we investigate the methodology and theory of nonconvex penalized quantile regression in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimension. The proposed approach has two distinctive features: (1) it enables us to explore the entire conditional distribution of the response variable given the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimensional covariates and provides a more realistic picture of the sparsity pattern; (2) it requires substantially weaker conditions compared with alternative methods in the literature; thus, it greatly alleviates the difficulty of model checking in the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimension. In theoretic development, it is challenging to deal with both the nonsmooth loss function and the nonconvex penalty function in <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimensional parameter space. We introduce a novel sufficient optimality condition which relies on a convex differencing representation of the penalized loss function and the subdifferential calculus. Exploring this optimality condition enables us to establish the oracle property for sparse quantile regression in the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimension under relaxed conditions. The proposed method greatly enhances existing tools for <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-high dimensional data analysis. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed procedure. The real data example we analyzed demonstrates that the new approach reveals substantially more information compared with alternative methods. PMID:23082036</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440528','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440528"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-thin plasma panel radiation detector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Friedman, Peter S.</p> <p></p> <p>An <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin radiation detector includes a radiation detector gas chamber having at least one <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin chamber window and an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-thin first substrate contained within the gas chamber. The detector further includes a second substrate generally parallel to and coupled to the first substrate and defining a gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate. The detector further includes a discharge gas between the substrates and contained within the gas chamber, where the discharge gas is free to circulate within the gas chamber and between the first and second substrates at a given gas pressure. The detector further includesmore » a first electrode coupled to one of the substrates and a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode. The detector further includes a first discharge event detector coupled to at least one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge counting event in the electrode.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23063859','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23063859"><span>Photodegradation of Acid <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 7 with AgBr-ZnO under highly alkaline conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krishnakumar, B; Swaminathan, M</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The photocatalytic activity of AgBr-ZnO was investigated for the degradation of Acid <span class="hlt">Violet</span> 7 (AV 7) in aqueous solution using UV-A light. AgBr-ZnO is found to be more efficient than commercial ZnO and prepared ZnO at pH 12 for the mineralization of AV 7. The effects of operational parameters such as the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, initial pH on photo mineralization have been analyzed. Expect oxone, other oxidants decrease the degradation efficiency. Addition of metal ions and anions decrease the degradation efficiency of AgBr-ZnO significantly. The mineralization of AV 7 has also been confirmed by COD measurements. The mechanism of degradation by AgBr-ZnO is proposed to explain its higher activity under UV light. The catalyst is found to be reusable. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850002374','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850002374"><span>PDSS/IMC CIS user's guide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The Spacelab Payload Development Support System PDSS Image Motion Compensator (IMC) computer interface simulation (CIS) user's manual is given. The software provides a real time interface simulation for the following IMC subsystems: the Dry Rotor Reference Unit, the Advanced Star/Target Reference Optical sensor, the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span> <span class="hlt">Violet</span> imaging telescope, the Wisconson Ultraviolet Photopolarimetry Experiment, the Cruciform Power distributor, and the Spacelab Experiment Computer Operating System.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SPIE.7358E..17G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SPIE.7358E..17G"><span>Phase recording for formation of holographic optical elements on silver-halide photographic emulsions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ganzherli, Nina M.; Gulyaev, Sergey N.; Maurer, Irina A.; Chernykh, Dmitrii F.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>Holographic fabrication methods of regular and nonregular relief-phase structures on silver-halide photographic emulsions are considered. Methods of gelatin photodestruction under short-wave <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> radiation and chemical hardening with the help of dichromated solutions were used as a technique for surface relief formation. The developed techniques permitted us to study specimens of holographic diffusers and microlens rasters with small absorption and high light efficiency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720027671&hterms=uv+visible&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Duv%2Bvisible','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720027671&hterms=uv+visible&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Duv%2Bvisible"><span>Uranium plasma emission coefficient in the visible and near UV.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Mack, J. M., Jr.; Usher, J. L.; Schneider, R. T.; Campbell, H. D.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p>Measurements of the specific emission coefficient in the near <span class="hlt">ultra-violet</span> and visible region of a uranium arc plasma are reported. Spatial unfolding of the intensity profile is used to determine the emission coefficient in the spectral range of 2000 A to 6000 A. The uranium partial pressure is estimated to range between .001 and .01 atmosphere, and the corresponding temperature range is 5000 - 10,000 K.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/894273','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/894273"><span>Durable Corrosion and Ultraviolet-Resistant Silver Mirror</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Jorgensen, G. J.; Gee, R.</p> <p>2006-01-24</p> <p>A corrosion and <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span>-resistant silver mirror for use in solar reflectors; the silver layer having a film-forming protective polymer bonded thereto, and a protective shield overlay comprising a transparent multipolymer film that incorporates a UV absorber. The corrosion and ultraviolet resistant silver mirror retains spectral hemispherical reflectance and high optical clarity throughout the UV and visible spectrum when used in solar reflectors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870694','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870694"><span>Cluster beam targets for laser plasma extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray sources</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Kublak, Glenn D.; Richardson, Martin C. (CREOL</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Method and apparatus for producing extreme <span class="hlt">ultra</span> <span class="hlt">violet</span> (EUV) and soft x-ray radiation from an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low debris plasma source are disclosed. Targets are produced by the free jet expansion of various gases through a temperature controlled nozzle to form molecular clusters. These target clusters are subsequently irradiated with commercially available lasers of moderate intensity (10.sup.11 -10.sup.12 watts/cm.sup.2) to produce a plasma radiating in the region of 0.5 to 100 nanometers. By appropriate adjustment of the experimental conditions the laser focus can be moved 10-30 mm from the nozzle thereby eliminating debris produced by plasma erosion of the nozzle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286810','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286810"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-low dose naltrexone enhances cannabinoid-induced antinociception.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Paquette, Jay; Olmstead, Mary C; Olmstead, Mary</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Both opioids and cannabinoids have inhibitory effects at micromolar doses, which are mediated by activated receptors coupling to Gi/o-proteins. Surprisingly, the analgesic effects of opioids are enhanced by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low doses (nanomolar to picomolar) of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone. As opioid and cannabinoid systems interact, this study investigated whether <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low dose naltrexone also influences cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Separate groups of Long-Evans rats were tested for antinociception following an injection of vehicle, a sub-maximal dose of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55 212-2, naltrexone (an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low or a high dose) or a combination of WIN 55 212-2 and naltrexone doses. Tail-flick latencies were recorded for 3 h, at 10-min intervals for the first hour, and at 15-min intervals thereafter. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-low dose naltrexone elevated WIN 55 212-2-induced tail flick thresholds without extending its duration of action. This enhancement was replicated in animals receiving intraperitoneal or intravenous injections. A high dose of naltrexone had no effect on WIN 55 212-2-induced tail flick latencies, but a high dose of the cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist SR 141716 blocked the elevated tail-flick thresholds produced by WIN 55 212-2+<span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low dose naltrexone. These data suggest a mechanism of cannabinoid-opioid interaction whereby activated opioid receptors that couple to Gs-proteins may attenuate cannabinoid-induced antinociception and/or motor functioning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030063104&hterms=interfacial+structures&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dinterfacial%2Bstructures','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030063104&hterms=interfacial+structures&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dinterfacial%2Bstructures"><span>Characterization of Polyimide Foams for <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Lightweight Space Structures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Meador, Michael (Technical Monitor); Hillman, Keithan; Veazie, David R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-lightweight materials have played a significant role in nearly every area of human activity ranging from magnetic tapes and artificial organs to atmospheric balloons and space inflatables. The application range of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight materials in past decades has expanded dramatically due to their unsurpassed efficiency in terms of low weight and high compliance properties. A new generation of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight materials involving advanced polymeric materials, such as TEEK (TM) polyimide foams, is beginning to emerge to produce novel performance from <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight systems for space applications. As a result, they require that special conditions be fulfilled to ensure adequate structural performance, shape retention, and thermal stability. It is therefore important and essential to develop methodologies for predicting the complex properties of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight foams. To support NASA programs such as the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), Clark Atlanta University, along with SORDAL, Inc., has initiated projects for commercial process development of polyimide foams for the proposed cryogenic tank integrated structure (see figure 1). Fabrication and characterization of high temperature, advanced aerospace-grade polyimide foams and filled foam sandwich composites for specified lifetimes in NASA space applications, as well as quantifying the lifetime of components, are immensely attractive goals. In order to improve the development, durability, safety, and life cycle performance of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight polymeric foams, test methods for the properties are constant concerns in terms of timeliness, reliability, and cost. A major challenge is to identify the mechanisms of failures (i.e., core failure, interfacial debonding, and crack development) that are reflected in the measured properties. The long-term goal of the this research is to develop the tools and capabilities necessary to successfully engineer <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-lightweight polymeric foams. The desire is to reduce density</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4544452','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4544452"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-processed foods and the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Louzada, Maria Laura da Costa; Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Canella, Daniela Silva; Baraldi, Larissa Galastri; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Cannon, Geoffrey; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of consuming <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods on the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the module on individual food consumption from the 2008-2009 Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF – Brazilian Family Budgets Survey). The sample, which represented the section of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or over, involved 32,898 individuals. Food consumption was evaluated by two 24-hour food records. The consumed food items were classified into three groups: natural or minimally processed, including culinary preparations with these foods used as a base; processed; and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed. RESULTS The average daily energy consumption per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% being provided by natural or minimally processed foods, 9.0% by processed foods and 21.5% by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed food. The nutritional profile of the fraction of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed food consumption showed higher energy density, higher overall fat content, higher saturated and trans fat, higher levels of free sugar and less fiber, protein, sodium and potassium, when compared to the fraction of consumption related to natural or minimally processed foods. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-processed foods presented generally unfavorable characteristics when compared to processed foods. Greater inclusion of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods in the diet resulted in a general deterioration in the dietary nutritional profile. The indicators of the nutritional dietary profile of Brazilians who consumed less <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods, with the exception of sodium, are the stratum of the population closer to international recommendations for a healthy diet. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study highlight the damage to health that is arising based on the observed trend in Brazil of replacing traditional meals, based on natural or minimally processed foods, with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. These results also support the recommendation of avoiding the consumption of these kinds of foods</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176747','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176747"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-processed foods and the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Costa Louzada, Maria Laura da; Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Canella, Daniela Silva; Baraldi, Larissa Galastri; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Cannon, Geoffrey; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of consuming <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods on the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the module on individual food consumption from the 2008-2009 Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Brazilian Family Budgets Survey). The sample, which represented the section of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or over, involved 32,898 individuals. Food consumption was evaluated by two 24-hour food records. The consumed food items were classified into three groups: natural or minimally processed, including culinary preparations with these foods used as a base; processed; and <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed. RESULTS The average daily energy consumption per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% being provided by natural or minimally processed foods, 9.0% by processed foods and 21.5% by <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed food. The nutritional profile of the fraction of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed food consumption showed higher energy density, higher overall fat content, higher saturated and trans fat, higher levels of free sugar and less fiber, protein, sodium and potassium, when compared to the fraction of consumption related to natural or minimally processed foods. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-processed foods presented generally unfavorable characteristics when compared to processed foods. Greater inclusion of <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods in the diet resulted in a general deterioration in the dietary nutritional profile. The indicators of the nutritional dietary profile of Brazilians who consumed less <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods, with the exception of sodium, are the stratum of the population closer to international recommendations for a healthy diet. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study highlight the damage to health that is arising based on the observed trend in Brazil of replacing traditional meals, based on natural or minimally processed foods, with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-processed foods. These results also support the recommendation of avoiding the consumption of these kinds of foods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17059523','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17059523"><span>Imaging of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and observations of GaN-based <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser diodes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shiojiri, M; Saijo, H</p> <p>2006-09-01</p> <p>The first part of this paper is devoted to physics, to explain high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) imaging and to interpret why HAADF-STEM imaging is incoherent, instructing a strict definition of interference and coherence of electron waves. Next, we present our recent investigations of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and AlGaN/GaN strained-layer superlattice claddings in GaN-based <span class="hlt">violet</span> laser diodes, which have been performed by HAADF-STEM and high-resolution field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004eso..pres...16.','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004eso..pres...16."><span>Weighing <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>-Cool Stars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p>Large Ground-Based Telescopes and Hubble Team-Up to Perform First Direct Brown Dwarf Mass Measurement [1] Summary Using ESO's Very Large Telescope at Paranal and a suite of ground- and space-based telescopes in a four-year long study, an international team of astronomers has measured for the first time the mass of an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cool star and its companion brown dwarf. The two stars form a binary system and orbit each other in about 10 years. The team obtained high-resolution near-infrared images; on the ground, they defeated the blurring effect of the terrestrial atmosphere by means of adaptive optics techniques. By precisely determining the orbit projected on the sky, the astronomers were able to measure the total mass of the stars. Additional data and comparison with stellar models then yield the mass of each of the components. The heavier of the two stars has a mass around 8.5% of the mass of the Sun and its brown dwarf companion is even lighter, only 6% of the solar mass. Both objects are relatively young with an age of about 500-1,000 million years. These observations represent a decisive step towards the still missing calibration of stellar evolution models for very-low mass stars. PR Photo 19a/04: Orbit of the <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cool stars in 2MASSW J0746425+2000321. PR Photo 19b/04: Animated Gif of the orbital motion. Telephone number star Even though astronomers have found several hundreds of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs, the fundamental properties of these extreme objects, such as masses and surface temperatures, are still not well known. Within the cosmic zoo, these <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cool stars represent a class of "intermediate" objects between giant planets - like Jupiter - and "normal" stars less massive than our Sun, and to understand them well is therefore crucial to the field of stellar astrophysics. The problem with these <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-cool stars is that contrary to normal stars that burn hydrogen in their central core, no unique relation exists between the luminosity of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001426','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001426"><span><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail CubeSat Solar Sail Flight Experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Carroll, David; Burton, Rodney; Coverstone, Victoria; Swenson, Gary</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail is a next-generation, highrisk, high-payoff sail system for the launch, deployment, stabilization, and control of very large (km2 class) solar sails enabling high payload mass fractions for interplanetary and deep space spacecraft. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail is a non-traditional approach to propulsion technology achieved by combining propulsion and control systems developed for formation- flying microsatellites with an innovative solar sail architecture to achieve controllable sail areas approaching 1 km2, sail subsystem area densities approaching 1 g/m2, and thrust levels many times those of ion thrusters used for comparable deep space missions. <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail can achieve outer planetary rendezvous, a deep-space capability now reserved for high-mass nuclear and chemical systems. There is a twofold rationale behind the <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail concept for advanced solar sail systems. The first is that sail-andboom systems are inherently size-limited. The boom mass must be kept small, and column buckling limits the boom length to a few hundred meters. By eliminating the boom, <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail not only offers larger sail area, but also lower areal density, allowing larger payloads and shorter mission transit times. The second rationale for <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail is that sail films present deployment handling difficulties as the film thickness approaches one micrometer. The square sail requires that the film be folded in two directions for launch, and similarly unfolded for deployment. The film is stressed at the intersection of two folds, and this stress varies inversely with the film thickness. This stress can cause the film to yield, forming a permanent crease, or worse, to perforate. By rolling the film as <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail does, creases are prevented. Because the film is so thin, the roll thickness is small. Dynamic structural analysis of <span class="hlt">Ultra</span>Sail coupled with dynamic control analysis shows that the system can be designed to eliminate longitudinal torsional waves created while controlling the pitch of the blades</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21357520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21357520"><span>Brain MR imaging at <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low radiofrequency power.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sarkar, Subhendra N; Alsop, David C; Madhuranthakam, Ananth J; Busse, Reed F; Robson, Philip M; Rofsky, Neil M; Hackney, David B</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>To explore the lower limits for radiofrequency (RF) power-induced specific absorption rate (SAR) achievable at 1.5 T for brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging without loss of tissue signal or contrast present in high-SAR clinical imaging in order to create a potentially viable MR method at <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low RF power to image tissues containing implanted devices. An institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant prospective MR study design was used, with written informed consent from all subjects prior to MR sessions. Seven healthy subjects were imaged prospectively at 1.5 T with <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low-SAR optimized three-dimensional (3D) fast spin-echo (FSE) and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) T2-weighted sequences and an <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low-SAR 3D spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state T1-weighted sequence. Corresponding high-SAR two-dimensional (2D) clinical sequences were also performed. In addition to qualitative comparisons, absolute signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) for multicoil, parallel imaging acquisitions were generated by using a Monte Carlo method for quantitative comparison between <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low-SAR and high-SAR results. There were minor to moderate differences in the absolute tissue SNR and CNR values and in qualitative appearance of brain images obtained by using <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low-SAR and high-SAR techniques. High-SAR 2D T2-weighted imaging produced slightly higher SNR, while <span class="hlt">ultra</span>-low-SAR 3D technique not only produced higher SNR for T1-weighted and FLAIR images but also higher CNRs for all three sequences for most of the brain tissues. The 3D techniques adopted here led to a decrease in the absorbed RF power by two orders of magnitude at 1.5 T, and still the image quality was preserved within clinically acceptable imaging times. RSNA, 2011</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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