Research, Development and Demonstration of Bio-Mass Boiler for Food Industry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fisher, Steve; Knapp, David

2012-07-01

Frito-Lay is working to reduce carbon emissions from their manufacturing plants. As part of this effort, they invested in a biomass-fired boiler at the Topeka, Kansas, plant. Frito-Lay partnered with Burns & McDonnell Engineering, Inc. and CPL Systems, Inc., to design and construct a steam producing boiler using carbon neutral fuels such as wood wastes (e.g. tree bark), shipping pallets, and used rubber vehicle tires. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) joined with Frito-Lay, Burns & McDonnell, and CPL to analyze the reductions in carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions that result from use of biomass-fired boilers in the food manufacturingmore » environment. DOE support provided for the data collection and analysis, and reporting necessary to evaluate boiler efficiencies and reductions in CO 2 emissions. The Frito-Lay biomass-fired boiler has resulted in significant reductions in CO 2 emissions from the Topeka production facility. The use of natural gas has been reduced by 400 to 420 million standard cubic feet per year with corresponding reductions of 24,000 to 25,000 tons of CO 2. The boiler does require auxiliary functions, however, that are unnecessary for a gas-fired boiler. These include heavy motors and fans for moving fuel and firing the boiler, trucks and equipment for delivering the fuel and moving at the boiler plant, and chippers for preparing the fuel prior to delivery. Each of these operations requires the combustion of fossil fuels or electricity and has associated CO 2 emissions. Even after accounting for each of these auxiliary processes, however, the biomass-fired boiler results in net emission reductions of 22,500 to 23,500 tons of CO 2 per year.« less

Curbing Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Industrial Boilers in China

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Price, Lynn K; Lu, Hongyou

China’s industrial boiler systems consume 700 million tons of coal annually, accounting for 18% of the nation’s total coal consumption. Together these boiler systems are one of the major sources of China’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, producing approximately 1.3 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO 2) annually. These boiler systems are also responsible for 33% and 27% of total soot and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in China, respectively, making a substantial contribution to China’s local environmental degradation. The Chinese government - at both the national and local level - is taking actions to mitigate the significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsmore » and air pollution related to the country’s extensive use of coal-fired industrial boilers. The United States and China are pursuing a collaborative effort under the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group to conduct a comprehensive assessment of China’s coal-fired industrial boilers and to develop an implementation roadmap that will improve industrial boiler efficiency and maximize fuel-switching opportunities. Two Chinese cities – Ningbo and Xi’an – have been selected for the assessment. These cities represent coastal areas with access to liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports and inland regions with access to interprovincial natural gas pipelines, respectively.« less

Comparative analysis of heat pump and biomass boiler for small detached house heating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olkowski, Tomasz; Lipiński, Seweryn; Olędzka, Aneta

2017-10-01

The purpose of the work is to answer the question - which of the two selected heat sources is more economically beneficial for small detached house: heat pump or biomass boiler fuelled with wood-pellets? The comparative analysis of these sources was carried out to discuss the issue. First, cost of both, equipment and operation of selected heat systems were analysed. Additionally, CO2 emission levels associated with these heat systems were determined. The comparative analysis of the costs of both considered heat systems showed that equipment cost of heat pump system is considerably bigger than the cost of biomass boiler system. The comparison of annual operation costs showed that heat pump operation cost is slightly lower than operation cost of biomass boiler. The analysis of above results shows that lower operation cost of heat pump in comparison with biomass boiler cost lets qualify heat pump as more economically justified only after 38 years of work. For both analysed devices, CO2 emission levels were determined. The considerations take into account the fact that heat pump consumes electricity. It is mostly generated through combustion of coal in Poland. The results show that in Poland biomass boiler can be described as not only more economically justified system but also as considerably more ecological.

Technical and environmental performance of 10 kW understocker boiler during combustion of biomass and conventional fuels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Junga, Robert; Wzorek, Małgorzata; Kaszubska, Mirosława

2017-10-01

This paper treats about the impact fuels from biomass wastes and coal combustion on a small boiler operation and the emission of pollutants in this process. Tests were performed in laboratory conditions on a water boiler with retort furnace and the capacity of 10 kW. Fuels from sewage sludge and agriculture wastes (PBZ fuel) and a blend of coal with laying hens mature (CLHM) were taken into account. The results in emission changes of NOx, CO2, CO and SO2 and operating parameters of the tested boiler during combustion were investigated. The obtained results were compared with corresponding results of flame coal (GFC). Combustion of the PBZ fuel turned out to be a stable process in the tested boiler but the thermal output has decreased in about 30% compared to coal combustion, while CO and NOx emission has increased. Similar effect was observed when 15% of the poultry litter was added to the coal. In this case thermal output has also decreased (in about 20%) and increase of CO and NOx emission was observed. As a conclusion, it can be stated that more effective control system with an adaptive air regulation and a modified heat exchanger could be useful in order to achieve the nominal power of the tested boiler.

Experience gained from shifting a PK-19 boiler to operate with increased superheating and with a load higher than its rated value

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kholshchev, V. V.

2011-08-01

Failures of steam superheater tubes occurred after the boiler was shifted to operate with a steam temperature of 540°C. The operation of the steam superheater became more reliable after it had been subjected to retrofitting. The modernization scheme is described. An estimate is given to the temperature operating conditions of tubes taking into account the thermal-hydraulic nonuniformity of their heating.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Bo; Lu, Hongyou; Price, Lynn K.

In the U.S., energy consumption by steam and process heat combined accounts for over 50% of the total energy use from industrial systems (see Figure 1). The use of boilers, process heaters, and furnaces for generating steam and heat in industrial facilities, commercial settings, and institutions consumes significant amounts of energy and is one of major sources of hazardous air pollutants, which contribute significantly to local pollution and global climate change. To address the energy and environmental challenges caused by boiler systems in the U.S., the country has taken a series of actions to reduce emissions from industrial, commercial andmore » institutional boilers, improve the efficiency of steam systems, replace coal with cleaner energy resources, and promote the wider use of combined heat and power (CHP).« less

Combustion of Schlamm in ACFB boilers -- The Charbonnages de France Group's experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schroeder, M.; Rollin, J.P.

Within the context of the rehabilitation of Emile Huchet Power Plant Unit 4 owned by the ``SNET'', a company of the CHARBONNAGES DE FRANCE Group, a new CFB boiler with an electrical capacity of 125 MW has been commissioned in 1990 in replacement for an existing pulverized-coal boiler. This boiler constituted at the time an experimental unit on two accounts. It was an innovation through its size but also its specific design which allows to burn schlamm--a coal washing residue--in the form of pulp. The boiler design answered the CHARBONNAGES DE FRANCE Group's need to eliminate old settling ponds containingmore » schlamm which, from the technical and economic point of view, could not be burnt using conventional combustion techniques owing to its specific characteristics (fine, high-ash product with a very high moisture and clay content). This original method of injection as well as the pulp preparation process suited to this type of injection have been designed and developed by CdF INGENIERIE and the CERCHAR (CdF Group) after many investigations and tests. The experience gained at Emile Huchet Power Plant for more than 7 years confirms that the CFB boiler is a clean combustion technique which is perfectly suited to the combustion of schlamm injected in the form of pulp. The CFB unit burns exclusively schlamm conditioned in the form of pulp with 33% of moisture, and this with a high degree of efficiency, low emission values and a very good availability. This talk include a description of the CFB boiler and the pulp preparation plant as well as a presentation of the boiler performances and of the experience gained by the CHARBONANGES DE FRANCE Group since the new CFB unit has been commissioned.« less

Postcombustion and its influences in 135 MWe CFB boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaohua Li; Hairui Yang; Hai Zhang

2009-09-15

In the cyclone of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, a noticeable increment of flue gas temperature, caused by combustion of combustible gas and unburnt carbon content, is often found. Such phenomenon is defined as post combustion, and it could introduce overheating of reheated and superheated steam and extra heat loss of exhaust flue gas. In this paper, mathematical modeling and field measurements on post combustion in 135MWe commercial CFB boilers were conducted. A novel one-dimensional combustion model taking post combustion into account was developed. With this model, the overall combustion performance, including size distribution of various ashes, temperature profile,more » and carbon content profiles along the furnace height, heat release fraction in the cyclone and furnace were predicted. Field measurements were conducted by sampling gas and solid at different positions in the boiler under different loads. The measured data and corresponding model-calculated results were compared. Both prediction and field measurements showed post combustion introduced a temperature increment of flue gas in the cyclone of the 135MWe CFB boiler in the range of 20-50{sup o}C when a low-volatile bituminous coal was fired. Although it had little influence on ash size distribution, post combustion had a remarkable influence on the carbon content profile and temperature profile in the furnace. Moreover, it introduced about 4-7% heat release in the cyclone over the total heat release in the boiler. This fraction slightly increased with total air flow rate and boiler load. Model calculations were also conducted on other two 135MWe CFB boilers burning lignite and anthracite coal, respectively. The results confirmed that post combustion was sensitive to coal type and became more severe as the volatile content of the coal decreased. 15 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Six decades of industrial water treatment (1915-1975)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maguire, J.J.

1976-01-01

An extensive account of water treatment beginning with the internal treatment of boiler water used for steam generation in the teens to the later treatment of cooling water and industrial process water. In the teens external softening of boiler makeup water was recommended by various processes. In the twenties water problems intensified and research on boiler water scaling began and continued through the thirties. The mechanism of scale formation was studied, and a new Navy boiler compound was adopted. Langelier's Saturation Index work in 1936 served as a basis for early control of scaling by cooling water. In the fortiesmore » other controls and removers were recommended, and antifoam patents issued. In 1950 Berk proved nitrate an effective inhibitor, and in 1951 influence of boiler design and operation on steam contamination was presented. Internal chemical treatment programs continued to be refined in the sixties with synthetic dispersing agents, and Chelant treatments continued to dominate the seventies, with inspection times extended 2-3 years by their use. Besides treatment of industrial waters, evaluation of results also demanded attention and water quality standards were of concern. Research continues to develop more effective synthetic and naturally-occurring organic agents.« less

Direct costs of asthma in Brazil: a comparison between controlled and uncontrolled asthmatic patients.

PubMed

Santos, L A; Oliveira, M A; Faresin, S M; Santoro, I L; Fernandes, A L G

2007-07-01

Asthma is a common chronic illness that imposes a heavy burden on all aspects of the patient's life, including personal and health care cost expenditures. To analyze the direct cost associated to uncontrolled asthma patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine costs related to patients with uncontrolled and controlled asthma. Uncontrolled patient was defined by daytime symptoms more than twice a week or nocturnal symptoms during two consecutive nights or any limitations of activities, or need for relief rescue medication more than twice a week, and an ACQ score less than 2 points. A questionnaire about direct cost stratification in health services, including emergency room visits, hospitalization, ambulatory visits, and asthma medications prescribed, was applied. Ninety asthma patients were enrolled (45 uncontrolled/45 controlled). Uncontrolled asthmatics accounted for higher health care expenditures than controlled patients, US$125.45 and US$15.58, respectively [emergency room visits (US$39.15 vs US$2.70) and hospitalization (US$86.30 vs US$12.88)], per patient over 6 months. The costs with medications in the last month for patients with mild, moderate and severe asthma were US$1.60, 9.60, and 25.00 in the uncontrolled patients, respectively, and US$6.50, 19.00 and 49.00 in the controlled patients. In view of the small proportion of uncontrolled subjects receiving regular maintenance medication (22.2%) and their lack of resources, providing free medication for uncontrolled patients might be a cost-effective strategy for the public health system.

The comparative analysis of heat transfer efficiency in the conditions of formation of ash deposits in the boiler furnaces, with taking into account the crystallization of slag during combustion of coal and water-coal fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salomatov, V. V.; Kuznetsov, G. V.; Syrodoy, S. V.

2017-11-01

The results of the numerical simulation of heat transfer from the combustion products of coal and coal-water fuels (CWF) to the internal environment. The mathematical simulation has been carried out on the sample of the pipe surfaces of the combustion chamber of the boiler unit. The change in the characteristics of heat transfer (change of thermochemical characteristics) in the conditions of formation of the ash deposits have been taken into account. According to the results of the numerical simulation, the comparative analysis of the efficiency of heat transfer has been carried out from the furnace environment to the inside pipe coolant (water, air, or water vapor) from the combustion of coal and coal-water fuels. It has been established that, in the initial period of the boiler unit operation during coal fuel combustion the efficiency of heat transfer from the combustion products of the internal environment is higher than when using CWF. The efficiency of heat transfer in CWF combustion conditions is more at large times (τ≥1.5 hours) of the boiler unit. A significant decrease in heat flux from the combustion products to the inside pipe coolant in the case of coal combustion compared to CWF has been found. It has been proved that this is due primarily to the fact that massive and strong ash deposits are formed during coal combustion.

Determining heat loss into the environment based on comprehensive investigation of boiler performance characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyubov, V. K.; Malygin, P. V.; Popov, A. N.; Popova, E. I.

2015-08-01

A refined procedure for determining heat loss into the environment from heat-generating installations is presented that takes into account the state of their lining and heat insulation quality. The fraction of radiative component in the total amount of heat loss through the outer surfaces is determined. The results from experimental investigations of the thermal engineering and environmental performance characteristics of a foreign hot-water boiler in firing wood pellets are presented. A conclusion is drawn about the possibility of using such hot-water boilers for supplying heat to low-rise buildings, especially for the conditions of the North-Arctic region. The results from a thermal engineering investigation of wood pellets and furnace residue carried out on installations of a thermal analysis laboratory are presented together with the grain-size composition of fuel and indicators characterizing the mechanical strength of wood pellets. The velocity fields, flue gas flow rates, and soot particle concentrations are determined using the external filtration methods, and the composition of combustion products is investigated using a gas analyzer. The graphs of variation with time of boiler external surface temperature from the moment of achieving the nominal mode of operation and heat loss into the environment for stationary boilers are presented.

Method and algorithm of ranking boiler plants at block electric power stations by the criterion of operation reliability and profitability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farhadzadeh, E. M.; Muradaliyev, A. Z.; Farzaliyev, Y. Z.

2015-10-01

A method and an algorithm of ranking of boiler installations based on their technical and economic indicators are proposed. One of the basic conditions for ranking is the independence of technical and economic indicators. The assessment of their interrelation was carried out with respect to the correlation rate. The analysis of calculation data has shown that the interrelation stability with respect to the value and sign persists only for those indicators that have an evident relationship between each other. One of the calculation steps is the normalization of quantitative estimates of technical and economic indicators, which makes it possible to eliminate differences in dimensions and indicator units. The analysis of the known methods of normalization has allowed one to recommend the relative deviation from the average value as a normalized value and to use the arithmetic mean of the normalized values of independent indicators of each boiler installation as an integrated index of performance reliability and profitability. The fundamental differences from the existing approach to assess the "weak components" of a boiler installation and the quality of monitoring of its operating regimes are that the given approach takes into account the reliability and profitability of the operation of all other analogous boiler installations of an electric power station; it also implements competing elements with respect to the quality of control among the operating personnel of separate boiler installations and is aimed at encouraging an increased quality of maintenance and repairs.

Healthcare utilization and costs in adults with stable and uncontrolled epilepsy.

PubMed

Cramer, Joyce A; Wang, Zhixiao J; Chang, Eunice; Powers, Annette; Copher, Ronda; Cherepanov, Dasha; Broder, Michael S

2014-02-01

Despite the availability of numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), some epilepsies remain resistant to treatment. We compared utilization and costs in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy to those with stable epilepsy. Claims data (2007-2009) were used to identify adults with epilepsy requiring additional AED therapy (having uncontrolled epilepsy) and those not requiring additional AED therapy (having stable epilepsy). The date in 2008 on which an additional AED was started was the index date for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy, and a randomly selected date was used for patients with stable epilepsy, whose AED use was unchanged in the preceding year. In the postindex year, all pharmacy and medical claims were used to estimate overall utilization and costs; claims with epilepsy in any diagnosis field were used to estimate epilepsy-related outcomes. Outcomes were adjusted using multivariate analyses. We identified 1536 patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and 8571 patients with stable epilepsy (mean age: 42.8years; female: 48%). Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy had higher comorbidity rates (p<.02). A greater proportion of patients with uncontrolled epilepsy had ≥1 hospitalization or emergency department visit (p<.001). Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy had a greater mean length of hospital stay and more physician office visits (p<.034). After adjustment, the odds of hospitalization (OR: 1.8, any diagnosis; 2.2, epilepsy-related) and emergency department visit (OR: 1.6, any diagnosis; 1.9, epilepsy-related) were greater for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. Annual overall ($23,238 vs. $13,839) and epilepsy-related ($12,399 vs. $5511) costs were higher in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and remained higher after adjustment (p<.001). Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy use more services and incur higher costs compared with those with stable epilepsy. Epilepsy-related costs accounted for <50% of the total costs, suggesting that comorbid conditions and/or underidentification of utilization may substantially contribute to costs. © 2013.

DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF NOVEL LOW-NOx BURNERS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cygan, David

Gas Technology Institute (GTI), together with Hamworthy Peabody Combustion Incorporated (formerly Peabody Engineering Corporation), the University of Utah, and Far West Electrochemical have developed and demonstrated an innovative combustion system suitable for natural gas and coke-oven gas firing within the steel industry. The combustion system is a simple, low-cost, energy-efficient burner that can reduce NOx by more than 75%. The U.S. steel industry needs to address NOx control at its steelmaking facilities. A significant part of NOx emissions comes from gas-fired boilers. In steel plants, byproduct gases – blast furnace gas (BFG) and coke-oven gas (COG) – are widely usedmore » together with natural gas to fire furnaces and boilers. In steel plants, natural gas can be fired together with BFG and COG, but, typically, the addition of natural gas raises NOx emissions, which can already be high because of residual fuel-bound nitrogen in COG. The Project Team has applied its expertise in low-NOx burners to lower NOx levels for these applications by combining advanced burner geometry and combustion staging with control strategies tailored to mixtures of natural gas and byproduct fuel gases. These methods reduce all varieties of NOx – thermal NOx produced by high flame temperatures, prompt NOx produced by complex chain reactions involving radical hydrocarbon species and NOx from fuel-bound nitrogen compounds such as ammonia found in COG. The Project Team has expanded GTI’s highly successful low-NOx forced internal recirculation (FIR) burner, previously developed for natural gas-fired boilers, into facilities that utilize BFG and COG. For natural gas firing, these burners have been shown to reduce NOx emissions from typical uncontrolled levels of 80-100 vppm to single-digit levels (9 vppm). This is done without the energy efficiency penalties incurred by alternative NOx control methods, such as external flue gas recirculation (FGR), water injection, and selective non-catalytic reduction. The FIR burner was previously demonstrated on firetube and watertube boilers, and these units are still operating at several industrial and commercial boiler sites in sizes ranging from 2.5 to 60 million Btu/h. This report covers the development of an innovative combustion system suitable for natural gas or coke-oven gas firing within the steel industry. The prototype FIR burner was evaluated on a 20 million Btu/h watertube boiler. Acceptable burner performance was obtained when firing natural gas and simulated coke-oven gas doped with ammonia. The laboratory data reveals a direct relationship between NOx formation and the ammonia concentration in the fuel. In addition, NOx formation increases as the primary stoichiometric ratio (PSR) increases. Representative ammonia concentrations, as documented in the steel industry, ranged from 200 to 500 vppm. When the laboratory burner/boiler was operated with 500 vppm ammonia in the fuel, NOx emissions ranged from 50 to 75 vppm. This, conservatively, is 75% less than state-of-the-art burner performance. When the burner is operated with 200 vppm ammonia in the fuel, the corresponding NOx emissions would range from 30 to 45 vppm, 84% less than present burner technology. During field evaluation on a 174 million Btu/h industrial prototype burner both natural gas and actual COG from on-site generation were tested. Despite the elevated hydrogen cyanide and ammonia content in the COG throughout the test program, the FIR burner showed an improvement over baseline emissions. At full load; 167 million Btu/h, NOx emissions were relatively low at 169 vppm. This represents a 30% reduction compared to baseline emissions not accounting for the higher hydrogen cyanide content in the COG. CO emissions remained below 20 vppm and were stable across the firing range. This represents a 68% reduction compared to baseline CO emissions. When firing natural gas, emissions were stable as firing rate increased over the range. At low fire; 45 million Btu/h, NOx emissions where 33 vppm and increased at full load; 144 million Btu/h, to 49 vppm. CO emissions fluctuated with the oxygen content and remained below 135 vppm during all tests. The boiler’s maximum output was not achieved due to a limitation dictated by the host site natural gas supply. The FIR burner benefits the public by simultaneously addressing the problems of air pollution and energy conservation through a low-NOx combustion technology that does not increase energy consumption. Continuing activities include the negotiation of a license with Hamworthy Peabody Combustion, Incorporated (Hamworthy Peabody) to commercialize the FIR burner for steel industry applications. Hamworthy Peabody is one of the largest U.S. manufacturers of combustion equipment for boilers in the Steel Industry, and has stated their intention to commercialize the FIR burner.« less

Utilization of ventilation air methane as a supplementary fuel at a circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler.

PubMed

You, Changfu; Xu, Xuchang

2008-04-01

Ventilation air methane (VAM) accounts for 60-80% of the total emissions from coal mining activities in China, which is of serious greenhouse gas concerns as well as a waste of valuable fuel sources. This contribution evaluates the use of the VAM utilization methods as a supplementary fuel at a circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler. The paper describes the system design and discusses some potential technical challenges such as methane oxidation rate, corrosion, and efficiency. Laboratory experimentation has shown that the VAM can be burnt completely in circulated fluidized bed furnaces, and the VAM oxidation does not obviously affect the boiler operation when the methane concentration is less than 0.6%. The VAM decreased the incomplete combustion loss for the circulating fluidized bed combustion furnace. The economic benefit from the coal saving insures that the proposed system is more economically feasible.

Controlling formaldehyde emissions with boiler ash.

PubMed

Cowan, Jennifer; Abu-Daabes, Malyuba; Banerjee, Sujit

2005-07-01

Fluidized wood ash reduces formaldehyde in air from about 20 to <1 ppmv. Methanol is removed to a much lower extent. The efficiency of formaldehyde reduction increases with increasing moisture content of the ash. Sorption of formaldehyde to ash can be substantially accounted for by partitioning to the water contained in the ash followed by rate-controlling binding to the ash solids. Adsorption occurs at temperatures of up to 165 degrees C; oxidation predominates thereafter. It is proposed that formaldehyde could be stripped from an air stream in a fluidized bed containing ash, which could then be returned to a boiler to incinerate the formaldehyde.

Technical and economic feasibility of alternative fuel use in process heaters and small boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1980-02-01

The technical and economic feasibility of using alternate fuels - fuels other than oil and natural gas - in combustors not regulated by the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (FUA) was evaluated. FUA requires coal or alternate fuel use in most large new boilers and in some existing boilers. Section 747 of FUA authorizes a study of the potential for reduced oil and gas use in combustors not subject to the act: small industrial boilers with capacities less than 100 MMBtu/hr, and process heat applications. Alternative fuel use in combustors not regulated by FUA was examined andmore » the impact of several measures to encourage the substitution of alternative fuels in these combustors was analyzed. The primary processes in which significant fuel savings can be achieved are identified. Since feedstock uses of oil and natural gas are considered raw materials, not fuels, feedstock applications are not examined in this analysis. The combustors evaluated in this study comprise approximately 45% of the fuel demand projected in 1990. These uses would account for more than 3.5 million barrels per day equivalent fuel demand in 1990.« less

The enrichment behavior of natural radionuclides in pulverized oil shale-fired power plants.

PubMed

Vaasma, Taavi; Kiisk, Madis; Meriste, Tõnis; Tkaczyk, Alan Henry

2014-12-01

The oil shale industry is the largest producer of NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) waste in Estonia. Approximately 11-12 million tons of oil shale containing various amounts of natural radionuclides is burned annually in the Narva oil shale-fired power plants, which accounts for approximately 90% of Estonian electricity production. The radionuclide behavior characteristics change during the fuel combustion process, which redistributes the radionuclides between different ash fractions. Out of 24 operational boilers in the power plants, four use circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology and twenty use pulverized fuel (PF) technology. Over the past decade, the PF boilers have been renovated, with the main objective to increase the efficiency of the filter systems. Between 2009 and 2012, electrostatic precipitators (ESP) in four PF energy blocks were replaced with novel integrated desulphurization technology (NID) for the efficient removal of fly ash and SO2 from flue gases. Using gamma spectrometry, activity concentrations and enrichment factors for the (238)U ((238)U, (226)Ra, (210)Pb) and (232)Th ((232)Th, (228)Ra) family radionuclides as well as (40)K were measured and analyzed in different PF boiler ash fractions. The radionuclide activity concentrations in the ash samples increased from the furnace toward the back end of the flue gas duct. The highest values in different PF boiler ash fractions were in the last field of the ESP and in the NID ash, where radionuclide enrichment factors were up to 4.2 and 3.3, respectively. The acquired and analyzed data on radionuclide activity concentrations in different PF boiler ashes (operating with an ESP and a NID system) compared to CFB boiler ashes provides an indication that changes in the fuel (oil shale) composition and boiler working parameters, as well as technological enhancements in Estonian oil shale fired power plants, have had a combined effect on the distribution patterns of natural radionuclides in the oil shale combustion products. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of the possibility of thermal utilization of contaminated water in low-power boilers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roslyakov, P. V.; Proskurin, Y. V.; Zaichenko, M. N.

2017-09-01

The utilization of water contaminated with oil products is a topical problem for thermal power plants and boiler houses. It is reasonable to use special water treatment equipment only for large power engineering and industry facilities. Thermal utilization of contaminated water in boiler furnaces is proposed as an alternative version of its utilization. Since there are hot-water fire-tube boilers at many enterprises, it is necessary to study the possibility of thermal utilization of water contaminated with oil products in their furnaces. The object of this study is a KV-GM-2.0 boiler with a heating power of 2 MW. The pressurized burner developed at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, National Research University, was used as a burner device for supplying liquid fuel. The computational investigations were performed on the basis of the computer simulation of processes of liquid fuel atomization, mixing, ignition, and burnout; in addition, the formation of nitrogen oxides was simulated on the basis of ANSYS Fluent computational dynamics software packages, taking into account radiative and convective heat transfer. Analysis of the results of numerical experiments on the combined supply of crude oil and water contaminated with oil products has shown that the thermal utilization of contaminated water in fire-tube boilers cannot be recommended. The main causes here are the impingement of oil droplets on the walls of the flame tube, as well as the delay in combustion and increased emissions of nitrogen oxides. The thermal utilization of contaminated water combined with diesel fuel can be arranged provided that the water consumption is not more than 3%; however, this increases the emission of nitrogen oxides. The further increase in contaminated water consumption will lead to the reduction of the reliability of the combustion process.

Study on test of coal co-firing for 600MW ultra supercritical boiler with four walls tangential burning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ying, Wu; Yong-lu, Zhong; Guo-mingi, Yin

2018-06-01

On account of nine commonly used coals in a Jiangxi Power Plant,two kinds of coal were selected to be applied in coal co-firing test through industrial analysis,elementary analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of coal.During the coal co-firing test,two load points were selected,three coal mixtures were prepared.Moreover,under each coal blending scheme, the optimal oxygen content was obtained by oxygen varying test. At last,by measuring the boiler efficiency and coal consumption of power supply in different coal co-firing schemes, the recommended coal co-firing scheme was obtained.

Prospects for development of heat supply systems in high-rise districts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhila, Viktor; Solovyeva, Elena

2018-03-01

The article analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized heat supply systems in high-rise districts. The main schemes of centralized heat supply systems are considered. They include centralized heat supply from boiler houses, centralized heat supply from autonomous heat sources, heat supply from roof boiler houses and door-to-door heating supply. For each of these variant, the gas distribution systems are considered and analyzed. These systems vary depending on the heat source location. For each of these systems, technical and economic indicators are taken into account, the analysis of which allows choosing the best option for districts where high-rise buildings predominate.

Passionate women and passionate men: sex differences in accounting for angry and weeping episodes.

PubMed

Egerton, M

1988-03-01

This experiment tests a rule-role model of accounting for angry aggression. The hypothesis, derived from Averill's (1984) rule model of anger, is that people with stronger norms against aggression will account for their own angry aggression by interpreting it as passion, that is as externally caused and uncontrollable, more than people with weaker norms against aggression. It was also hypothesized that sex role would affect interpretations. Women are believed to have stronger norms against aggression. Would they therefore account for angry aggression by presenting it as externally caused and uncontrollable more than men. Subjects (n = 45, 23F and 22M), were asked to evaluate an angry incident as if they had taken part in it themselves. Women judged more normative conflict about the episode than men, but had low consensus in using passion schemas (identified by multiple regression). Men had high consensus in using passion schemas. A control condition in which the protagonist wept was carried out (n = 43, 21F and 22M). In this condition there was some consensus among women in using a passion scheme but none among men. It must be concluded that sex role constrains the appropriateness of the accounting strategy used.

Environmental assessment of NH/sub 3/ injection for an industrial package boiler. Volume 1. Technical results. Final report, January 1983-January 1984

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Castaldini, C.; DeRosier, R.; Waterland, L.R.

1986-02-01

The report discusses emission results from comprehensive flue gas sampling of a gas- and oil-fired industrial boiler equipped with Exxon's Thermal DeNO/sub x/ Ammonia Injection Process for NO/sub x/ reduction. Comprehensive emission measurements included continuous monitoring of flue gas emissions; source assessment sampling system (SASS) tests; EPA Method 5/17 for solid and condensible particulate emissions and ammonia emissions; controlled condensation system for SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 3/; and N/sub 2/O emission sampling. Ammonia injection at a NH/sub 3//NO molar ratio of 2.52 gave a NO/sub x/ reduction of 41% from an uncontrolled level of 234 ppm to a controlled levelmore » of 137 ppm. NH/sub 3/ emissions increased from 11 ppm for the baseline to an average of 430 ppm for ammonia injection. Nitrous oxide, N/sub 2/O was reduced 68% from a 50 ppm baseline level to a 17 ppm controlled level. Total particulate emissions increased by an order of magnitude from a baseline of 17.7 ng/J to a controlled level of 182 ng/J. The increase is in part attributed to formation of ammonia sulfate and bisulfate from residual ammonia and SO/sub x/. Total organic emissions were at a moderate level and showed a relative concentration in the nonvolatile category. Organic emissions of CO and trace inorganic elements were not significantly affected by ammonia injection.« less

Second law analysis of a conventional steam power plant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Geng; Turner, Robert H.; Cengel, Yunus A.

1993-01-01

A numerical investigation of exergy destroyed by operation of a conventional steam power plant is computed via an exergy cascade. An order of magnitude analysis shows that exergy destruction is dominated by combustion and heat transfer across temperature differences inside the boiler, and conversion of energy entering the turbine/generator sets from thermal to electrical. Combustion and heat transfer inside the boiler accounts for 53.83 percent of the total exergy destruction. Converting thermal energy into electrical energy is responsible for 41.34 percent of the total exergy destruction. Heat transfer across the condenser accounts for 2.89 percent of the total exergy destruction. Fluid flow with friction is responsible for 0.50 percent of the total exergy destruction. The boiler feed pump turbine accounts for 0.25 percent of the total exergy destruction. Fluid flow mixing is responsible for 0.23 percent of the total exergy destruction. Other equipment including gland steam condenser, drain cooler, deaerator and heat exchangers are, in the aggregate, responsible for less than one percent of the total exergy destruction. An energy analysis is also given for comparison of exergy cascade to energy cascade. Efficiencies based on both the first law and second law of thermodynamics are calculated for a number of components and for the plant. The results show that high first law efficiency does not mean high second law efficiency. Therefore, the second law analysis has been proven to be a more powerful tool in pinpointing real losses. The procedure used to determine total exergy destruction and second law efficiency can be used in a conceptual design and parametric study to evaluate the performance of other steam power plants and other thermal systems.

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and frictional characteristics of vertical upward rifled tube in supercritical CFB boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Dong; Pan, Jie; Zhu, Xiaojing

2011-02-15

Water wall design is a key issue for supercritical Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler. On account of the good heat transfer performance, rifled tube is applied in the water wall design of a 600 MW supercritical CFB boiler in China. In order to investigate the heat transfer and frictional characteristics of the rifled tube with vertical upward flow, an in-depth experiment was conducted in the range of pressure from 12 to 30 MPa, mass flux from 230 to 1200 kg/(m{sup 2} s), and inner wall heat flux from 130 to 720 kW/m{sup 2}. The wall temperature distribution and pressure dropmore » in the rifled tube were obtained in the experiment. The normal, enhanced and deteriorated heat transfer characteristics were also captured. In this paper, the effects of pressure, inner wall heat flux and mass flux on heat transfer characteristics are analyzed, the heat transfer mechanism and the frictional resistance performance are discussed, and the corresponding empirical correlations are presented. The experimental results show that the rifled tube can effectively prevent the occurrence of departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) and keep the tube wall temperature in a permissible range under the operating condition of supercritical CFB boiler. (author)« less

40 CFR 61.356 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... test protocol and the means by which sampling variability and analytical variability were accounted for... also establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion... the design minimum and average temperatures across the catalyst bed inlet and outlet. (C) For a boiler...

Efficiency of using direct-flow burners and nozzles in implementation of dry-bottom ash removal at the TPP-210A boiler furnace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arkhipov, A. M.; Kanunnikov, A. A.; Kirichkov, V. S.; Prokhorov, V. B.; Fomenko, M. V.; Chernov, S. L.

2017-02-01

In reconstruction of operating pulverized coal-fired boilers, one of the main factors is the choice of a method for slag removal: dry bottom ash removal (DBAR) or slag-tap removal (STR). In this case, ecological and economic aspects should be taken into account, and also the early ignition of pulverized coal fuel, the reliability of operation of the furnace walls in the mode without slagging, and the stability of slag removal should be provided. In this work, issues of changeover of the pulverized coal-fired boilers of the TPP-210A type from the STR mode to the DBAR mode are considered. As of today, the main problems during the operation of these boilers are the high emissions of nitrogen oxides together with flue gases into the atmosphere and the appropriated payoffs, a small range of loads available, the necessity of stabilization of the pulverizedcoal flame sustainability by using the highly reactive fuel, large mechanical fuel underburning, etc. Results of studying aerodynamics of a furnace with DBAR obtained in the process of physical simulation are given; technical solutions and preliminary design (configuration of burners and nozzles in the boiler furnace, conceptual design of the pulverized coal burner, configuration of TPP-210A boiler with the low heat liberation of furnace cross-section and volumetric heat release) are set forth, which are associated with the optimization of aerodynamics of furnace volume, when the direct-flow burners and nozzles are used, and with organization of the efficient staged combustion of solid fuel. Two versions of possible modernization of a boiler unit are considered. Under conditions of the planned increase in the steam production capacity, the most promising measures are as follows: the DBAR implementation with reducing heat releases of the cross-section and volume of the furnace approximately by half, the installation of the direct-flow burners and nozzles with injection of recirculation gases into the active combustion zone by bleeding them from the turning chamber.

In vitro toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems based on old and new technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jalava, Pasi I.; Happo, Mikko S.; Kelz, Joachim; Brunner, Thomas; Hakulinen, Pasi; Mäki-Paakkanen, Jorma; Hukkanen, Annika; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Obernberger, Ingwald; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta

2012-04-01

Residential wood combustion causes major effects on the air quality on a global scale. The ambient particulate levels are known to be responsible for severe adverse health effects that include e.g. cardio-respiratory illnesses and cancer related effects, even mortality. It is known that biomass combustion derived emissions are affected by combustion technology, fuel being used and user-related practices. There are also indications that the health related toxicological effects are influenced by these parameters. This study we evaluated toxicological effects of particulate emissions (PM1) from seven different residential wood combusting furnaces. Two appliances i.e. log wood boiler and stove represented old batch combustion technology, whereas stove and tiled stove were designated as new batch combustion as three modern automated boilers were a log wood boiler, a woodchip boiler and a pellet boiler. The PM1 samples from the furnaces were collected in an experimental setup with a Dekati® gravimetric impactor on PTFE filters with the samples being weighed and extracted from the substrates and prior to toxicological analyses. The toxicological analyses were conducted after a 24-hour exposure of the mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to four doses of emission particle samples and analysis of levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα, chemokine MIP-2, cytotoxicity with three different methods (MTT, PI, cell cycle analysis) and genotoxicity with the comet assay. In the correlation analysis all the toxicological results were compared with the chemical composition of the samples. All the samples induced dose-dependent increases in the studied parameters. Combustion technology greatly affected the emissions and the concomitant toxicological responses. The modern automated boilers were usually the least potent inducers of most of the parameters while emissions from the old technology log wood boiler were the most potent. In correlation analysis, the PAH and other organic composition and inorganic ash composition affected the toxicological responses differently. In conclusion, combustion technology largely affects the particulate emissions and their toxic potential this being reflected in substantially larger responses in devices with incomplete combustion. These differences become emphasized when the large emission factors from old technology appliances are taken into account.

Development of Computational Capabilities to Predict the Corrosion Wastage of Boiler Tubes in Advanced Combustion Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kung, Steven; Rapp, Robert

A comprehensive corrosion research project consisting of pilot-scale combustion testing and long-term laboratory corrosion study has been successfully performed. A pilot-scale combustion facility available at Brigham Young University was selected and modified to enable burning of pulverized coals under the operating conditions typical for advanced coal-fired utility boilers. Eight United States (U.S.) coals were selected for this investigation, with the test conditions for all coals set to have the same heat input to the combustor. In addition, the air/fuel stoichiometric ratio was controlled so that staged combustion was established, with the stoichiometric ratio maintained at 0.85 in the burner zonemore » and 1.15 in the burnout zone. The burner zone represented the lower furnace of utility boilers, while the burnout zone mimicked the upper furnace areas adjacent to the superheaters and reheaters. From this staged combustion, approximately 3% excess oxygen was attained in the combustion gas at the furnace outlet. During each of the pilot-scale combustion tests, extensive online measurements of the flue gas compositions were performed. In addition, deposit samples were collected at the same location for chemical analyses. Such extensive gas and deposit analyses enabled detailed characterization of the actual combustion environments existing at the lower furnace walls under reducing conditions and those adjacent to the superheaters and reheaters under oxidizing conditions in advanced U.S. coal-fired utility boilers. The gas and deposit compositions were then carefully simulated in a series of 1000-hour laboratory corrosion tests, in which the corrosion performances of different commercial candidate alloys and weld overlays were evaluated at various temperatures for advanced boiler systems. Results of this laboratory study led to significant improvement in understanding of the corrosion mechanisms operating on the furnace walls as well as superheaters and reheaters in coal-fired boilers resulting from the coexistence of sulfur and chlorine in the fuel. A new corrosion mechanism, i.e., “Active Sulfidation Corrosion Mechanism,” has been proposed to account for the accelerated corrosion wastage observed on the furnace walls of utility boilers burning coals containing sulfur and chlorine. In addition, a second corrosion mechanism, i.e., “Active Sulfide-to-Oxide Corrosion Mechanism,” has been identified to account for the rapid corrosion attack on superheaters and reheaters. Both of the newly discovered corrosion mechanisms involve the formation of iron chloride (FeCl2) vapor from iron sulfide (FeS) and HCl, followed by the decomposition of FeCl2 via self-sustaining cycling reactions. For higher alloys containing sufficient chromium, the attack on superheaters and reheaters is dominated by Hot Corrosion in the presence of a fused salt. Furthermore, two stages of the hot corrosion mechanism have been identified and characterized in detail. The initiation of hot corrosion attack induced by molten sulfate leads to Stage 1 “acidic” fluxing and re-precipitation of the protective scale formed initially on the deposit-covered alloy surfaces. Once the protective scale is penetrated, Stage 2 Hot Corrosion is initiated, which is dominated by “basic” fluxing and re-precipitation of the scale in the fused salt. Based on the extensive corrosion information generated from this project, corrosion modeling was performed using non-linear regression analysis. As a result of the modeling efforts, two predictive equations have been formulated, one for furnace walls and the other for superheaters and reheaters. These first-of-the-kind equations can be used to estimate the corrosion rates of boiler tubes based on coal chemistry, alloy compositions, and boiler operating conditions for advanced boiler systems.« less

Assessment of asthma control: the SERENA study.

PubMed

Corrado, Antonio; Renda, Teresa; Polese, Guido; Rossi, Andrea

2013-11-01

Several studies suggest that many asthmatic subjects have uncontrolled asthma. The control of asthma is now considered the major goal of therapy. to ascertain the level of asthma control, by Asthma Control Test (ACT), in "real-life" clinical practice and the potential risk factors for uncontrolled disease in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists (LABA). SERENA is a multi-centre, cross-sectional, 6-month observational, non-interventional study carried out in 16 Pulmonary Units in Italy. Asthmatic outpatients aged over 18, undergoing treatment with ICS at medium-high daily doses associated with LABA, were enrolled. The patients were divided in 3 subgroups according to the level of asthma control by ACT score (25:controlled; 20-24:partly controlled; <20: uncontrolled). Out of a total of 548 patients, 396 met the inclusion criteria. Only 9.1% of patients had asthma controlled, while partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma accounted for 39.6% and 51.3% respectively. The mean age was 54.5 ± 15.8 and the mean duration of asthma was 16.1 ± 14.1 years. There were more females than males (63% vs 37%) and females had highest prevalence of uncontrolled asthma (63.1%). The mean values of FEV1% predicted were lower in the uncontrolled group (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with at least 1 exacerbation, unscheduled visit and/or admissions was lower in controlled (22.2%, 8.3%, 8.3%) than in partly controlled (50%, 38.6%, 9.2%) and uncontrolled (83.2%, 66.2%, 27.8%) groups (p < 0.0001). The multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis identified female sex, FEV1 and exacerbations as the strongest independent factors associated with the uncontrolled disease. This study highlights the importance in clinical practice of a periodic assessment by a validated asthma control instrument and exacerbations/health care contacts during previous year. Clinicians should be aware that a significant proportion of patients can have uncontrolled asthma, despite regular pharmacological treatment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Risk Assessment During the Final Phase of an Uncontrolled Re-Entry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaudel, A.; Hourtolle, C.; Goester, J. F.; Fuentes, N.

2013-09-01

As French National Space Agency, CNES is empowered to monitor compliance with technical regulations of the French Space Operation Act, FSOA, and to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety of people, property, public health and environment for all space operations involving French responsibility at international level.Therefore, CNES developed ELECTRA that calculates the risk for ground population involved in three types of events: rocket launching, controlled re-entry and uncontrolled re-entry. For the first two cases, ELECTRA takes into account degraded cases due to a premature stop of propulsion.Major evolutions were implemented recently on ELECTRA to meet new users' requirements, like the risk assessment during the final phase of uncontrolled re-entry, that can be combined with the computed risk for each country involved by impacts.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the ELECTRA method and main functionalities, and then to highlight these recent improvements.

Characteristics of inhalable particulate matter concentration and size distribution from power plants in China.

PubMed

Yi, Honghong; Hao, Jiming; Duan, Lei; Li, Xinghua; Guo, Xingming

2006-09-01

In this investigation, the collection efficiency of particulate emission control devices (PECDs), particulate matter (PM) emissions, and PM size distribution were determined experimentally at the inlet and outlet of PECDs at five coal-fired power plants. Different boilers, coals, and PECDs are used in these power plants. Measurement in situ was performed by an electrical low-pressure impactor with a sampling system, which consisted of an isokinetic sampler probe, precut cyclone, and two-stage dilution system with a sample line to the instruments. The size distribution was measured over a range from 0.03 to 10 microm. Before and after all of the PECDs, the particle number size distributions display a bimodal distribution. The PM2.5 fraction emitted to atmosphere includes a significant amount of the mass from the coarse particle mode. The controlled and uncontrolled emission factors of total PM, inhalable PM (PM10), and fine PM P(M2.5) were obtained. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and baghouse total collection efficiencies are 96.38-99.89% and 99.94%, respectively. The minimum collection efficiency of the ESP and the baghouse both appear in the particle size range of 0.1-1 microm. In this size range, ESP and baghouse collection efficiencies are 85.79-98.6% and 99.54%. Real-time measurement shows that the mass and number concentration of PM10 will be greatly affected by the operating conditions of the PECDs. The number of emitted particles increases with increasing boiler load level because of higher combustion temperature. During test run periods, the data reproducibility is satisfactory.

Long-term effect of pH on short-chain fatty acids accumulation and microbial community in sludge fermentation systems.

PubMed

Yuan, Yue; Wang, Shuying; Liu, Ye; Li, Baikun; Wang, Bo; Peng, Yongzhen

2015-12-01

Long-term effect of pH (4, 10, and uncontrolled) on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) accumulation, microbial community and sludge reduction were investigated in waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentors for over 90days. The average SCFAs accumulation was 1721.4 (at pH 10), 114.2 (at pH 4), and 58.1 (at uncontrolled pH) mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L. About 31.65mgCOD/L was produced at pH 10, accounting for 20% of the influent COD. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that Alcaligenes (hydrolic bacteria) and Erysipelothrix (acidogenic bacteria) were enriched at pH 10, while less acidogenic bacteria existed at pH 4 than pH 10, and no acidogenic bacteria were detected at the uncontrolled pH. The ratios of archaea to bacteria were 1:41, 1:16, and 1:9 at the pH of 10, 4, and uncontrolled. This study elucidated the effects of pH on WAS fermentation, and established the correlation of microbial structure with SCFAs accumulations and sludge reduction. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Load shift potential of electric vehicles in Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Babrowski, Sonja; Heinrichs, Heidi; Jochem, Patrick; Fichtner, Wolf

2014-06-01

Many governments highly encourage electric mobility today, aiming at a high market penetration. This development would bring forth an impact on the energy system, which strongly depends on the driving and charging behavior of the users. While an uncontrolled immediate charging might strain the local grid and/or higher peak loads, there are benefits to be gained by a controlled charging. We examine six European mobility studies in order to display the effects of controlled and uncontrolled unidirectional charging. Taking into account country-specific driving patterns, we generate for each country a charging load curve corresponding to uncontrolled charging and consider the corresponding parking time at charging facilities in order to identify load shift potentials. The main results are that besides the charging power of the vehicles, the possibility to charge at the work place has a significant influence on the uncontrolled charging curve. Neither national nor regional differences are as significant. When charging is only possible at home, the vehicle availability at charging facilities during the day for all countries is at least 24%. With the additional possibility to charge at work, at least 45% are constantly available. Accordingly, we identified a big potential for load shifting through controlled charging.

Characteristics Of Cenospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clayton, Richard M.; Back, Lloyd H.

1989-01-01

Studies conducted to determine structure and composition of cenospheres. Burn more slowly than original fuel, contribute to deposits, high-temperature corrosion, emissions of particles, and reduced efficiency of combustion in oil-fired furnaces and boilers, accounting 3 percent of original fuel in droplets. Contributes to efforts to burn fuel oil more completely to avoid deleterious effects of incomplete combustion.

78 FR 41265 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... 750 employees. DOE surveyed the AHRI certification directories for furnaces and boilers, as well as... calculation computer program to account for the new equations. 78 FR 7681, 7690 (Feb. 4, 2013). In the NOPR... quotes obtained from computer programmers familiar with the AFUE calculation program that is currently...

Successful approaches to recycling urban wood waste

Treesearch

Solid Waste Association of North America

2002-01-01

This report presents eight case studies of successful urban wood waste recycling projects and businesses. These studies document the success of recovered products such as lumber and lumber products, mulch, boiler fuel, and alternative cover for landfills. Overall, wood waste accounts for about 17% of the total waste received at municipal solid waste landfills in the...

A cost-benefit analysis of a pellet boiler with electrostatic precipitator versus conventional biomass technology: A case study of an institutional boiler in Syracuse, New York.

PubMed

Levy, Jonathan I; Biton, Leiran; Hopke, Philip K; Zhang, K Max; Rector, Lisa

2017-07-01

Biomass facilities have received increasing attention as a strategy to increase the use of renewable fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions from the electric generation and heating sectors, but these facilities can potentially increase local air pollution and associated health effects. Comparing the economic costs and public health benefits of alternative biomass fuel, heating technology, and pollution control technology options provides decision-makers with the necessary information to make optimal choices in a given location. For a case study of a combined heat and power biomass facility in Syracuse, New York, we used stack testing to estimate emissions of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) for both the deployed technology (staged combustion pellet boiler with an electrostatic precipitator) and a conventional alternative (wood chip stoker boiler with a multicyclone). We used the atmospheric dispersion model AERMOD to calculate the contribution of either fuel-technology configuration to ambient primary PM 2.5 in a 10km×10km region surrounding the facility, and we quantified the incremental contribution to population mortality and morbidity. We assigned economic values to health outcomes and compared the health benefits of the lower-emitting technology with the incremental costs. In total, the incremental annualized cost of the lower-emitting pellet boiler was $190,000 greater, driven by a greater cost of the pellet fuel and pollution control technology, offset in part by reduced fuel storage costs. PM 2.5 emissions were a factor of 23 lower with the pellet boiler with electrostatic precipitator, with corresponding differences in contributions to ambient primary PM 2.5 concentrations. The monetary value of the public health benefits of selecting the pellet-fired boiler technology with electrostatic precipitator was $1.7 million annually, greatly exceeding the differential costs even when accounting for uncertainties. Our analyses also showed complex spatial patterns of health benefits given non-uniform age distributions and air pollution levels. The incremental investment in a lower-emitting staged combustion pellet boiler with an electrostatic precipitator was well justified by the population health improvements over the conventional wood chip technology with a multicyclone, even given the focus on only primary PM 2.5 within a small spatial domain. Our analytical framework could be generalized to other settings to inform optimal strategies for proposed new facilities or populations. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The Ecological and Economic Assessment of Efficiency of Environmental Technologies for CHPP (Combined Heat And Power Plant)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rostuntsova, I. A.; Novichkov, S. V.; Zakharov, O. V.; Kochetkov, A. V.

2017-11-01

The analysis of the trial-industrial research of the effectiveness of burning water fuel mixtures in steam boilers of medium and high pressure at the combustion of natural gas and fuel oil is carried out. As a result of a research decrease in nitrogen oxide concentration is depending on the amount of moisture pumped to the boilers and type of the incinerated fuel. The theoretical model of the formation of nitrogen oxides in the furnace of the boiler in order to optimize the combustion process with the introduction of moisture, whereby to determine the concentrations of nitrogen oxides formed in the combustion process of the method of expansion of the exponential is received. The dependences of the maximal temperature of a torch, reaction rate of formation of nitrogen oxides, the conditional time of reaction, theoretical concentration of nitrogen oxides taking into account input of moisture in a fire chamber of a copper and coefficient of an exit of nitrogen oxides are defined at combustion of fuel taking into account moisture input. The divergence between the experimental and the theoretical value of the NOx concentration does not exceed 3.8%. The methodical provisions of the economic assessment of concentrations of pollutants reduction when entering the water are drafted. The rate the net present value (NPV) is applied. The optimal water-fuel ratio is selected based on the maximum value of the net present value (NPV). The evaluation of the application of environmental protection measures carried out taking into account the fact that by reducing the emission values in the implementation of this activity will decrease the amount of payment for emissions of polluting substances, which are collected from the profits of the enterprise. The cost estimate for the implementation of environmental activities carried out on the basis of lump-sum costs and current costs in environmental technology (increased fuel and water consumption).

Demonstration of natural gas reburn for NO{sub x} emissions reduction at Ohio Edison Company`s cyclone-fired Niles Plant Unit Number 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borio, R.W.; Lewis, R.D.; Koucky, R.W.

1996-04-01

Electric utility power plants account for about one-third of the NO{sub x} and two-thirds of the SO{sub 2} emissions in the US cyclone-fired boilers, while representing about 9% of the US coal-fired generating capacity, emit about 14% of the NO{sub x} produced by coal-fired utility boilers. Given this background, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Gas Research Institute, the Electric Power Research Institute, the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center, and the Ohio Coal Development Office sponsored a program led by ABB Combustion Engineering, Inc. (ABB-CE) to demonstrate reburning on a cyclone-fired boiler. Ohio Edison provided Unit No. 1 at their Niles Stationmore » for the reburn demonstration along with financial assistance. The Niles Unit No. 1 reburn system was started up in September 1990. This reburn program was the first full-scale reburn system demonstration in the US. This report describes work performed during the program. The work included a review of reburn technology, aerodynamic flow model testing of reburn system design concepts, design and construction of the reburn system, parametric performance testing, long-term load dispatch testing, and boiler tube wall thickness monitoring. The report also contains a description of the Niles No. 1 host unit, a discussion of conclusions and recommendations derived from the program, tabulation of data from parametric and long-term tests, and appendices which contain additional tabulated test results.« less

The medical antigravity suit for management of surgically uncontrollable bleeding associated with abdominal pregnancy.

PubMed

Sandberg, E C; Pelligra, R

1983-07-01

Three patients with abdominal pregnancy have been treated at Stanford University Hospital in recent years. Common to each was surgically uncontrolled hemorrhage for which circumferential pneumatic compression (supplied by a medical antigravity suit) was used to stop the bleeding. In each patient, the hemostatic effect of treatment was dramatic. In published accounts of the use of the garment in other severely hemorrhaging patients, the effects have been similarly dramatic and equally successful. These observations lead to a compelling consideration in regard to optimum management of patients with abdominal pregnancy. If our experience is confirmed by others, optimum management in abdominal pregnancy hereafter should regularly and routinely include removal of the placenta at the primary operation. This approach would anticipate use of the medical antigravity suit to provide hemostasis if surgically uncontrollable bleeding is encountered. Theoretically, the complications and long-term morbidity associated with retention of the placenta would be eliminated by this means while the previous disadvantage of placental removal, the potential for exsanguinating hemorrhage, would be circumvented.

CELCAP: A Computer Model for Cogeneration System Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

A description of the CELCAP cogeneration analysis program is presented. A detailed description of the methodology used by the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory in developing the CELCAP code and the procedures for analyzing cogeneration systems for a given user are given. The four engines modeled in CELCAP are: gas turbine with exhaust heat boiler, diesel engine with waste heat boiler, single automatic-extraction steam turbine, and back-pressure steam turbine. Both the design point and part-load performances are taken into account in the engine models. The load model describes how the hourly electric and steam demand of the user is represented by 24 hourly profiles. The economic model describes how the annual and life-cycle operating costs that include the costs of fuel, purchased electricity, and operation and maintenance of engines and boilers are calculated. The CELCAP code structure and principal functions of the code are described to how the various components of the code are related to each other. Three examples of the application of the CELCAP code are given to illustrate the versatility of the code. The examples shown represent cases of system selection, system modification, and system optimization.

Increase of efficiency and reliability of liquid fuel combustion in small-sized boilers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roslyakov, P. V.; Proskurin, Yu V.; Ionkin, I. L.

2017-11-01

One of the ways to increase the efficiency of using fuels is to create highly efficient domestic energy equipment, in particular small-sized hot-water boilers in autonomous heating systems. Increasing the efficiency of the boiler requires a reduction in the temperature of the flue gases leaving, which, in turn, can be achieved by installing additional heating surfaces. The purpose of this work was to determine the principal design solutions and to develop a draft design for a high-efficiency 3-MW hot-water boiler using crude oil as its main fuel. Ensuring a high efficiency of the boiler is realized through the use of an external remote economizer, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the boiler, facilitate the layout of equipment in a limited size block-modular boiler house and virtually eliminate low-temperature corrosion of boiler heat exchange surfaces. In the article the variants of execution of the water boiler and remote economizer are considered and the preliminary design calculations of the remote economizer for various schemes of the boiler layout in the Boiler Designer software package are made. Based on the results of the studies, a scheme was chosen with a three-way boiler and a two-way remote economizer. The design of a three-way fire tube hot water boiler and an external economizer with an internal arrangement of the collectors, providing for its location above the boiler in a block-modular boiler house and providing access for servicing both a remote economizer and a hot water boiler, is proposed. Its mass-dimensional and design parameters are determined. In the software package Boiler Designer thermal, hydraulic and aerodynamic calculations of the developed fire tube boiler have been performed. Optimization of the boiler design was performed, providing the required 94% efficiency value for crude oil combustion. The description of the developed flue and fire-tube hot water boiler and the value of the main design and technical and economic parameters are given.

Analysis of the lettuce data from the variable pressure growth chamber at NASA Johnson Space Center: A three-stage nested design model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Tze-San

1992-01-01

A model of three-stage nested experimental design was applied to analyze the lettuce data obtained from the variable pressure growth chamber test bed at NASA-Johnson Space Center. From the results of an application of the analysis of variance and covariance on the data set, it was noted that all of the (uncontrollable) factors, Side, Zone, Height and (controllable) PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), had nonhomogeneous effects on the dry weight of the edible biomass of lettuce per pot. Incidentally, the variations accountable to the (uncontrollable) factorial heterogeneities are merely 9 percent and 17 percent of the total variation for both the first and second crop test, respectively. After adjusting for the PAR as a covariate in the no-intercept model, the accountable variations to all the four factors are 94 percent and 92 percent for the first and the second crop test, respectively. With the use of a no-intercept simple linear regression model, the accountable variations to the factor PAR are 92 percent and 90 percent for the first and the second crop test, respectively. Evidently, the (controllable) factor PAR is the dominating one.

Learned helplessness: effects of response requirement and interval between treatment and testing.

PubMed

Hunziker, M H L; Dos Santos, C V

2007-11-01

Three experiments investigated learned helplessness in rats manipulating response requirements, shock duration, and intervals between treatment and testing. In Experiment 1, rats previously exposed to uncontrollable or no shocks were tested under one of four different contingencies of negative reinforcement: FR 1 or FR 2 escape contingency for running, and FR1 escape contingency for jumping (differing for the maximum shock duration of 10s or 30s). The results showed that the uncontrollable shocks produced a clear operant learning deficit (learned helplessness effect) only when the animals were tested under the jumping FR 1 escape contingency with 10-s max shock duration. Experiment 2 isolated of the effects of uncontrollability from shock exposure per se and showed that the escape deficit observed using the FR 1 escape jumping response (10-s shock duration) was produced by the uncontrollability of shock. Experiment 3 showed that using the FR 1 jumping escape contingency in the test, the learned helplessness effect was observed one, 14 or 28 days after treatment. These results suggest that running may not be an appropriate test for learned helplessness, and that many diverging results found in the literature might be accounted for by the confounding effects of respondent and operant contingencies present when running is required of rats.

46 CFR 52.25-20 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Exhaust gas boilers. 52.25-20 Section 52.25-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-20 Exhaust gas boilers. Exhaust gas boilers with a maximum allowable working pressure...

46 CFR 52.25-20 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exhaust gas boilers. 52.25-20 Section 52.25-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-20 Exhaust gas boilers. Exhaust gas boilers with a maximum allowable working pressure...

46 CFR 52.25-20 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exhaust gas boilers. 52.25-20 Section 52.25-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-20 Exhaust gas boilers. Exhaust gas boilers with a maximum allowable working pressure...

46 CFR 52.25-20 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Exhaust gas boilers. 52.25-20 Section 52.25-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-20 Exhaust gas boilers. Exhaust gas boilers with a maximum allowable working pressure...

46 CFR 52.25-20 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exhaust gas boilers. 52.25-20 Section 52.25-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-20 Exhaust gas boilers. Exhaust gas boilers with a maximum allowable working pressure...

Apparatus and method of controlling the thermal performance of an oxygen-fired boiler

DOEpatents

Levasseur, Armand A.; Kang, Shin G.; Kenney, James R.; Edberg, Carl D.

2017-09-05

Disclosed herein is a method of controlling the operation of an oxy-fired boiler; the method comprising combusting a fuel in a boiler; producing a heat absorption pattern in the boiler; discharging flue gases from the boiler; recycling a portion of the flue gases to the boiler; combining a first oxidant stream with the recycled flue gases to form a combined stream; splitting the combined stream into several fractions; and introducing each fraction of the combined stream to the boiler at different points of entry to the boiler.

Research and Development of Large Capacity CFB Boilers in TPRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xianbin, Sun; Minhua, Jiang

This paper presents an overview of advancements of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology in Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI),including technologies and configuration and progress of scaling up. For devoloping large CFB boiler, the CFB combustion test facilities have been established, the key technologies of large capacity CFB boiler have been research systematically, the 100MW ˜330MW CFB boiler have been developed and manufactured. The first domestically designed 100MW and 210MW CFB boiler have been put into commericial operation and have good operating performance. Domestic 330MW CFB boiler demonstration project also has been put into commericial operation,which is H type CFB boiler with Compact heat exchanger. This boiler is China's largest CFB boiler. The technical plan of domestic 600MW supercritical CFB boiler are also briefly introduced.

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 12.1-12.9. Boilers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This learning module, one in a series of 20 related training modules for apprentice stationary engineers, deals with boilers. Addressed in the individual instructional packages included in the module are the following topics: firetube and watertube boilers; boiler construction; procedures for operating and cleaning boilers; and boiler fittings,…

46 CFR 63.25-1 - Small automatic auxiliary boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Small automatic auxiliary boilers. 63.25-1 Section 63.25... AUXILIARY BOILERS Requirements for Specific Types of Automatic Auxiliary Boilers § 63.25-1 Small automatic auxiliary boilers. Small automatic auxiliary boilers defined as having heat-input ratings of 400,000 Btu/hr...

77 FR 3966 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; Regional Haze

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-26

... Midwest Generating--Baldwin Boilers 1, 2, and 3. Dominion Kincaid Generation--Boilers 1 and 2. Ameren.... Ameren Energy Generating--Duck Creek Boiler 1. Midwest Generation--Powerton Boilers 51, 52, 61, and 62. Midwest Generation--Joliet Boilers 71, 72, 81, and 82. Midwest Generation--Will County Boiler 4. City...

Evaluation of internal boiler components and gases using a high-temperature infrared (IR) lens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammaker, Robert G.; Colsher, Richard J.; Miles, Jonathan J.; Madding, Robert P.

1996-03-01

Fuel accounts for an average of seventy percent of the yearly operational and maintenance costs of all the fossil stations in the United States. This amounts to 30 billion dollars spent for fuel each year. In addition, federal and state environmental codes have been enforcing stricter regulations that demand cleaner environments, such as the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are a by-product of the fossil fuel flame. If the burn of the flame inside a boiler could be optimized, the usage of fuel and the amounts of pollution produced would be significantly reduced, and many of the common boiler tube failures can be avoided. This would result in a major dollar savings to the utility industry, and would provide a cleaner environment. Accomplishing these goals will require a major effort from the designers and operators that manufacture, operate, and maintain the fossil stations. Over the past few years re-designed burners have been installed in many boilers to help control the temperatures and shape of the flame for better performance and NOx reduction. However, the measurement of the processes and components inside the furnace, that could assist in determining the desired conditions, can at times be very difficult due to the hostile hot environment. In an attempt to resolve these problems, the EPRI M&D Center and a core group of EPRI member utilities have undertaken a two-year project with various optical manufacturers, IR manufacturers, and IR specialists, to fully develop an optical lens that will withstand the high furnace temperatures. The purpose of the lens is to explore the possibilities of making accurate high temperature measurements of the furnace processes and components in an ever-changing harsh environment. This paper provides an introduction to EPRI's internal boiler investigation using an IR high temperature lens (HTL). The paper describes the objectives, approach, benefits, and project progress.

Heating boilers in Krakow, Poland: Options for improving efficiency and reducing emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cyklis, P.; Kowalski, J.; Kroll, J.

1995-08-01

In Krakow, Poland, coal-fired boilers are used to heat single apartment buildings and local heating districts. The population includes 2,930 small, hand-fired boilers and 227 larger traveling grate stoker-fired boilers. These boilers are important contributors to air quality problems in Krakow, and an assessment of their efficiency and emissions characteristics was recently undertaken. For the larger, stoker-fired boilers, efficiency was measured using a stack-loss method. In addition to the normal baseline fuel, the effects of coal cleaning and grading were evaluated. Testing was done at two selected sites. Boiler efficiencies were found to be low--50% to 67%. These boilers operatemore » without combustion controls or instrumentation for flue gas analysis. As a result, excess air levels are very high--up to 400%--leading to poor performance. Emissions were found to be typical for boilers of this type. Using the improved fuels yields reductions in emissions and improvement in efficiency when combined with proper adjustments. In the case of the hand-fired boilers, one set of cast-iron boilers and one set of steel boilers were tested. Efficiency in this case was measured using an input-output method for sets of three boilers taken together as a system. Emissions from these boilers are lowest when low volatile fuels, such as coke or smokeless briquettes, are used.« less

51. BOILER ROOM. SMALL BOILER ON LEFT OF UNKNOWN MANUFACTURE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. BOILER ROOM. SMALL BOILER ON LEFT OF UNKNOWN MANUFACTURE, WITH INDUCTION MOTORS. HARTLEY BOILER, MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, ON RIGHT. - Prattville Manufacturing Company, Number One, 242 South Court Street, Prattville, Autauga County, AL

Improving on Army Field Gauze for Lethal Vascular Injuries: Challenges in Dressing Development

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Accounting for half of all deaths, uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death on the battlefield. Gaining hemostatic control of lethal vascular injuries sustained in combat using topical agents remains a challenge. Recent animal testing using a lethal arterial injury model compared a...

46 CFR 52.25-7 - Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-7 Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). Electric boilers required to comply with this part must meet the applicable provisions in this part and the... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). 52.25...

46 CFR 52.25-7 - Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-7 Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). Electric boilers required to comply with this part must meet the applicable provisions in this part and the... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). 52.25...

46 CFR 52.25-7 - Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-7 Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). Electric boilers required to comply with this part must meet the applicable provisions in this part and the... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). 52.25...

46 CFR 52.25-7 - Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-7 Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). Electric boilers required to comply with this part must meet the applicable provisions in this part and the... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). 52.25...

46 CFR 52.25-7 - Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-7 Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). Electric boilers required to comply with this part must meet the applicable provisions in this part and the... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electric boilers (modifies PEB-1 through PEB-19). 52.25...

46 CFR 52.25-5 - Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). 52.25-5 Section 52.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-5 Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). Miniature boilers must meet the applicable...

46 CFR 52.25-5 - Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). 52.25-5 Section 52.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-5 Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). Miniature boilers must meet the applicable...

46 CFR 52.25-5 - Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). 52.25-5 Section 52.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-5 Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). Miniature boilers must meet the applicable...

46 CFR 52.25-5 - Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). 52.25-5 Section 52.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-5 Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). Miniature boilers must meet the applicable...

46 CFR 52.25-5 - Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). 52.25-5 Section 52.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-5 Miniature boilers (modifies PMB-1 through PMB-21). Miniature boilers must meet the applicable...

Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide during combustion of carbon containing fuel

DOEpatents

Axelbaum, Richard L.; Kumfer, Benjamin M.; Xia, Fei; Gopan, Akshay; Dhungel, Bhupesh

2018-04-10

A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

Retrofitted coal-fired firetube boiler and method employed therewith

DOEpatents

Wagoner, Charles L.; Foote, John P.

1995-01-01

A coal-fired firetube boiler and a method for converting a gas-fired firetube boiler to a coal-fired firetube boiler, the converted boiler including a plurality of combustion zones within the firetube and controlled stoichiometry within the combustion zones.

Retrofitted coal-fired firetube boiler and method employed therewith

DOEpatents

Wagoner, C.L.; Foote, J.P.

1995-07-04

A coal-fired firetube boiler and a method for converting a gas-fired firetube boiler to a coal-fired firetube boiler are disclosed. The converted boiler includes a plurality of combustion zones within the firetube and controlled stoichiometry within the combustion zones. 19 figs.

Characteristics of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from industrial grade biomass boilers.

PubMed

Yang, Xiaoyang; Geng, Chunmei; Sun, Xuesong; Yang, Wen; Wang, Xinhua; Chen, Jianhua

2016-02-01

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristics of particulate-bound PAHs: one biomass boiler retro-fitted from an oil boiler (BB1) and one specially designed (BB2) biomass boiler. One coal-fired boiler was also selected for comparison. By using a dilution tunnel system, particulate samples from boilers were collected and 10 PAH species were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total emission factors (EFs) of PAHs ranged from 0.0064 to 0.0380 mg/kg, with an average of 0.0225 mg/kg, for the biomass boiler emission samples. The total PAH EFs for the tested coal-fired boiler were 1.8 times lower than the average value of the biomass boilers. The PAH diagnostic ratios for wood pellets and straw pellets were similar. The ratio of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene/[indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene+benzo(g,h,i)perylene] for the two biomass boilers was lower than those of the reference data for other burning devices, which can probably be used as an indicator to distinguish the emission of biomass boilers from that of industrial coal-fired boilers and residential stoves. The toxic potential of the emission from wood pellet burning was higher than that from straw pellet burning, however both of them were much lower than residential stove exhausts. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

SPALLMAP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sabau, Adrian; Wright, Ian

Boiler tubes in steam power plants experience exfoliation of oxide grown on the inner side of the tubes. In extreme cases, the exfoliation cause significant tube blockages that lead to forced power plant outages. It is thus desired to predict through modeling the propensity of exfoliation events in order to inform power plant operators of possible tube blockages. SpallMap solves for the stress-strain equations in an axisymmetric geometry, tracking the stress/strain evolution during boiler operation including outages at one-location along a boiler tube and compares it with scale damage criteria represented by Armitt diagram. The SPALLMAP code contains modules developedmore » for oxide growth, stress analysis, and classical fracture mechanics correlations by taking into account the following phenomena and features, (a) Non-uniform thermal expansion coefficient of oxides and metal substrates, (b) Plant operation schedule with periodic alternate full-load and partial-load regimes, (c) axisymmetric formulation for cylindrical tubes, (d) Multiple oxide layers, (e) oxide-growth induced stresses, and (f) damage criteria from classical fracture mechanics. The computer program is written in FORTRAN90. Its modular structure was sought for allowing the best flexibility in updating the program by implementing new constitutive equations due to availability of new material property data and/or new physical phenomena.« less

SIMULTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION COMPUTER

DOEpatents

Collier, D.M.; Meeks, L.A.; Palmer, J.P.

1960-05-10

A description is given for an electronic simulator for a system of simultaneous differential equations, including nonlinear equations. As a specific example, a homogeneous nuclear reactor system including a reactor fluid, heat exchanger, and a steam boiler may be simulated, with the nonlinearity resulting from a consideration of temperature effects taken into account. The simulator includes three operational amplifiers, a multiplier, appropriate potential sources, and interconnecting R-C networks.

30 CFR 77.413 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Boilers. 77.413 Section 77.413 Mineral... Mechanical Equipment § 77.413 Boilers. (a) Boilers shall be equipped with guarded, well-maintained water... the gages shall be kept clean and free of scale and rust. (b) Boilers shall be equipped with automatic...

49 CFR 230.30 - Lap-joint seam boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lap-joint seam boilers. 230.30 Section 230.30..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STEAM LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS Boilers and Appurtenances Inspection and Repair § 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. Every boiler having lap-joint longitudinal seams...

33. VIEW OF BASEMENT UNDER EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING TOWARD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. VIEW OF BASEMENT UNDER EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING TOWARD WEST BOILER ROOM BASEMENT THROUGH THE ASH TRANSFER TUNNEL. ASH HOPPER FOR BOILER 900 IS ON THE RIGHT. NOTE THE TRACKS ALONG THE FLOOR OF THE TUNNEL. A SMALL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE HAULED CARS FOR TRANSFERRING ASH FROM BOILERS TO DISPOSAL SITES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING. THIS SYSTEM BECAME OBSOLETE IN 1938 WHEN BOILERS IN THE WEST BOILER ROOM WERE REMOVED AND PULVERIZED COAL WAS ADOPTED AS THE FUEL. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

Method and system for SCR optimization

DOEpatents

Lefebvre, Wesley Curt [Boston, MA; Kohn, Daniel W [Cambridge, MA

2009-03-10

Methods and systems are provided for controlling SCR performance in a boiler. The boiler includes one or more generally cross sectional areas. Each cross sectional area can be characterized by one or more profiles of one or more conditions affecting SCR performance and be associated with one or more adjustable desired profiles of the one or more conditions during the operation of the boiler. The performance of the boiler can be characterized by boiler performance parameters. A system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention can include a controller input for receiving a performance goal for the boiler corresponding to at least one of the boiler performance parameters and for receiving data values corresponding to boiler control variables and to the boiler performance parameters. The boiler control variables include one or more current profiles of the one or more conditions. The system also includes a system model that relates one or more profiles of the one or more conditions in the boiler to the boiler performance parameters. The system also includes an indirect controller that determines one or more desired profiles of the one or more conditions to satisfy the performance goal for the boiler. The indirect controller uses the system model, the received data values and the received performance goal to determine the one or more desired profiles of the one or more conditions. The system model also includes a controller output that outputs the one or more desired profiles of the one or more conditions.

Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-fired Power Production

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spath, P. L.; Mann, M. K.; Kerr, D. R.

1999-09-01

Coal has the largest share of utility power generation in the US, accounting for approximately 56% of all utility-produced electricity (US DOE, 1998). Therefore, understanding the environmental implications of producing electricity from coal is an important component of any plan to reduce total emissions and resource consumption. A life cycle assessment (LCA) on the production of electricity from coal was performed in order to examine the environmental aspects of current and future pulverized coal boiler systems. Three systems were examined: (1) a plant that represents the average emissions and efficiency of currently operating coal-fired power plants in the US (thismore » tells us about the status quo), (2) a new coal-fired power plant that meets the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), and (3) a highly advanced coal-fired power plant utilizing a low emission boiler system (LEBS).« less

Investigations of the Failure in Boilers Economizer Tubes Used in Power Plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moakhar, Roozbeh Siavash; Mehdipour, Mehrad; Ghorbani, Mohammad; Mohebali, Milad; Koohbor, Behrad

2013-09-01

In this study, failure of a high pressure economizer tube of a boiler used in gas-Mazut combined cycle power plants was studied. Failure analysis of the tube was accomplished by taking into account visual inspection, thickness measurement, and hardness testing as well as microstructural observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical microscopy images indicate that there is no phase transformation during service, and ferrite-pearlite remained. The results of XRD also revealed Iron sulfate (FeSO4) and Iron hydroxide sulfate (FeOH(SO4)) phases formed on the steel surface. A considerable amount of Sulfur was also detected on the outer surface of the tube by EDS analysis. Dew-point corrosion was found to be the principal reason for the failure of the examined tube while it has been left out-of-service.

46 CFR 189.15-1 - Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery... inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery. In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels... chapter, respecting material and construction of hulls, boilers, and machinery, and certificate of...

46 CFR 91.15-1 - Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery... hulls, boilers, and machinery. In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels, the..., respecting material and inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery, and the certificate of classification...

30 CFR 56.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Boilers. 56.13030 Section 56.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels (boiler...

30 CFR 56.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Boilers. 56.13030 Section 56.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels (boiler...

30 CFR 56.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Boilers. 56.13030 Section 56.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 56.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels (boiler...

40 CFR 63.7499 - What are the subcategories of boilers and process heaters?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the subcategories of boilers..., and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards § 63.7499 What are the subcategories of boilers and process heaters? The subcategories of boilers and process...

Efficiency assessment of bi-radiated screens and improved convective set of tubes during the modernization of PTVM-100 tower hot-water boiler based on controlled all-mode mathematic models of boilers on Boiler Designer software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orumbayev, R. K.; Kibarin, A. A.; Khodanova, T. V.; Korobkov, M. S.

2018-03-01

This work contains analysis of technical values of tower hot-water boiler PTVM-100 when operating on gas and oil residual. After the test it became clear that due to the construction deficiency during the combustion of oil residual, it is not possible to provide long-term production of heat. There is also given a short review on modernization of PTVM-100 hot-water boilers. With the help of calculations based on controlled all-mode mathematic modules of hot-water boilers in BOILER DESIGNER software, it was shown that boiler modernization by use of bi-radiated screens and new convective set of tubes allows decreasing sufficiently the temperature of combustor output gases and increase reliability of boiler operation. Constructive changes of boiler unit suggested by authors of this work, along with increase of boiler’s operation reliability also allow to improve it’s heat production rates and efficiency rate up to 90,5% when operating on fuel oil and outdoor installation option.

Control Techtronics International

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

West, J.

1995-12-31

Polish graded coal can be burned in existing stoker boilers and meet the 1998 Air Quality standard. This is accomplished with the Control Techtronics microprocessor-based combustion controller accurately and repeatedly: (a) matching the combustion air to the coal firing rate, with continuous stack sensor feedback; (b) continuously varying the boiler`s firing rate based on output water temperature or steam pressure; (c) continuously varying the exhaust fan`s speed to maintain minimum negative pressure in the boiler`s combustion chamber; and recirculating a portion of the flue gas, at varying amounts throughout the boiler`s firing rate. Systems for five boilers have been installedmore » and are operating on MPEC`s Balicka plant in Krakow. Control Techtronics International has $10 million of U.S. Export-Import Bank funds available for similar projects throughout Poland.« less

Model-free adaptive control of supercritical circulating fluidized-bed boilers

DOEpatents

Cheng, George Shu-Xing; Mulkey, Steven L

2014-12-16

A novel 3-Input-3-Output (3.times.3) Fuel-Air Ratio Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controller is introduced, which can effectively control key process variables including Bed Temperature, Excess O2, and Furnace Negative Pressure of combustion processes of advanced boilers. A novel 7-input-7-output (7.times.7) MFA control system is also described for controlling a combined 3-Input-3-Output (3.times.3) process of Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) units and a 5.times.5 CFB combustion process of advanced boilers. Those boilers include Circulating Fluidized-Bed (CFB) Boilers and Once-Through Supercritical Circulating Fluidized-Bed (OTSC CFB) Boilers.

Atmospheric emission of mercury due to combustion of steam coal and domestic coal in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shaobin; Luo, Kunli

2017-08-01

To study the mercury emission due to the combustion of steam coal and domestic coal in China, we analyzed the mercury contents of coal, fly ash, bottom ash and sluicing water in thermal power plants, steam boilers as well as domestic coal-stoves, in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong and Yunnan Provinces. This study conduct an estimate of the Hg emission rates from steam coal and domestic coal combustion based on the method of mass distribution ratio of fly ash and bottom ash. The results show that the Hg emission rate of coal combustion in thermal power plants is about 50.21% (electrostatic precipitators + wet flue gas desulfurization), and that in heating boilers is about 67.23%, and 92.28% in industrial boilers without flue gas desulphurisation equipment. Furthermore, Hg emission rate is 83.61% due to domestic coal combustion in coal-stoves. The Hg emission amount into the atmosphere from power and heat generation, industrial boilers, domestic coal-stoves and spontaneous combustion of coal gangue is roughly estimated to be 133 ± 4, 100 ± 17, 11 ± 0.1 and 47 ± 26 tons in China in 2014, respectively, and the total Hg emission amount from this paper is estimated at 292 tons. The trends of Hg emission in China from 1991 to 2014 show an accelerating growth after 2002. The proportion of mercury emission due to thermal power, heating generation and industrial energy utilization continuously increased. The atmospheric emission of mercury due to combustion of steam coal, domestic coal and coal gangue accounts nearly 50% in total anthropogenic Hg emissions in China, indicating one of the largest sources of Hg emission in China which should draw more public and scientific attention in the future.

Startup, Commissioning and Operation of Fenyi 100MW CFB Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhiwei; Yu, Wugao; Bo, Shi

The first 100MW CFB boiler, designed by the Thermal Power Research Institute and manufactured by Harbin Boiler Company Limited, has been successfully running in Jiangxi Fenyi Power Plant since 2003. Local high ash content anthracite and lean coal that are very difficult to burn out are used in the 100 MW CFB boiler. The results of the 100MW CFB boiler shows that the CFB boiler can run in 30% MCR and startup with two under bed burners, and the boiler efficiency higher than 88% can be got after the combustion modification test. The CFB boiler can be operated with full load and reaches design parameters. The emissions of NO, N2O and CO are less than 7Omg/m3, 30mg/m3, and 125mg/m3, respectively, and SO2 less than 400mg/m3 after limestone injection. The bottom ash temperature from bed ash coolers is less than 120°C after its modification. Coal blockage at the coal storage silo is the main problem influencing the CFB boiler continuous operation. The running experiences for 5 years proved that the CFB boiler performance is successful, and the results were applied in 210 MW and 330 MW CFB Boiler design of Fenyi Power Plant.

46 CFR 52.20-17 - Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44). 52.20-17 Section 52.20-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-17 Opening between boiler and safety valve...

46 CFR 52.20-17 - Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44). 52.20-17 Section 52.20-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-17 Opening between boiler and safety valve...

46 CFR 52.20-17 - Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44). 52.20-17 Section 52.20-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-17 Opening between boiler and safety valve...

46 CFR 52.20-17 - Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44). 52.20-17 Section 52.20-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-17 Opening between boiler and safety valve...

Drying Milk With Boiler Exhaust

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broussard, M. R.

1984-01-01

Considerable energy saved in powdered-milk industry. Only special requirement boiler fired with natural gas or other clean fuel. Boiler flue gas fed to spray drier where it directly contacts product to be dried. Additional heat supplied by auxillary combustor when boiler output is low. Approach adaptable to existing plants with minimal investment because most already equipped with natural-gas-fired boilers.

46 CFR 52.20-17 - Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opening between boiler and safety valve (modifies PFT-44). 52.20-17 Section 52.20-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-17 Opening between boiler and safety valve...

21 CFR 173.310 - Boiler water additives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Boiler water additives. 173.310 Section 173.310... Boiler water additives. Boiler water additives may be safely used in the preparation of steam that will... Total not to exceed 1.5 parts per million in boiler feed water. Copolymer contains not more than 0.5...

Prevalence of true therapeutic inertia in blood pressure control in an academic chronic kidney disease clinic.

PubMed

Desai, Nayan; Madhavankutty Saraswathy, Vishnupriya; Hunter, Krystal; McFadden, Christopher

2013-06-01

Therapeutic inertia (TI) in blood pressure (BP) control has been traditionally defined as failure to initiate or intensify therapy when treatment goals are not met. The fallacy with this definition is that TI may be overestimated because it includes hypertensive patients deliberately uncontrolled. This is a retrospective chart review study that evaluated physicians' response to an uncontrolled clinic BP reading in a population of patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Of 429 patients screened, 166 had controlled BP and 263 did not. Of these 263 patients, 115 patients had no clear reason documented for the absence of changes in medication regimen. This population was defined as cases with true TI. In the remaining 148 patients, the medication regimen was changed in 81 patients. In the rest of the patients, there was a reason documented for not changing the medication regimen. The prevalence of true TI rate (defined as percentage of uncontrolled hypertension as a result of physician inaccountability) in our study was 44% as compared with 69% if the traditional TI definition is applied. Thus, we conclude that the prevalence of TI in the literature overestimates the rate of true TI as it does not account for physician decision making. The current definition of TI in BP control needs to be revised, as it underestimates a provider's care to improve BP control and is misleading. The TI definition should include some mechanism to account for interventions beyond medication titration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

40 CFR 76.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... combustion of fossil fuel in a utility boiler. Group 1 boiler means a tangentially fired boiler or a dry... (boiler information) of the Department of Energy's Form EIA-767 for 1995. Non-plug-in combustion controls...

40 CFR 76.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... combustion of fossil fuel in a utility boiler. Group 1 boiler means a tangentially fired boiler or a dry... (boiler information) of the Department of Energy's Form EIA-767 for 1995. Non-plug-in combustion controls...

40 CFR 76.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... combustion of fossil fuel in a utility boiler. Group 1 boiler means a tangentially fired boiler or a dry... (boiler information) of the Department of Energy's Form EIA-767 for 1995. Non-plug-in combustion controls...

40 CFR 76.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... combustion of fossil fuel in a utility boiler. Group 1 boiler means a tangentially fired boiler or a dry... (boiler information) of the Department of Energy's Form EIA-767 for 1995. Non-plug-in combustion controls...

40 CFR 76.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... combustion of fossil fuel in a utility boiler. Group 1 boiler means a tangentially fired boiler or a dry... (boiler information) of the Department of Energy's Form EIA-767 for 1995. Non-plug-in combustion controls...

Novel CFB Boiler Technology with Reconstruction of its Fluidization State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, H. R.; Zhang, H.; Lu, J. F.; Lfu, Q.; Wu, Y. X.; Yuet, G. X.; Su, J.; Fu, Z. P.

Compared with a conventional pulverized coal fired boiler, the combustion efficiency of a CFB boiler is lower while the self-consumed service power is 1-2% higher. The solution of these problems is the key research topic for researchers and manufacturers of CFB boilers. Based on the State Specification Design Theory of CFB boilers, Tsinghua University proposed a novel CFB technology by reconstruction of the fluidization state in the furnace by adjusting the bed inventory and bed quality. Theoretical analyses show that there is an optimal bed pressure drop, around which the boiler operation can achieve the maximal combustion efficiency and with significant reduction of the wear of the heating surface and fan power consumption. The proposed novel process was implemented in a 75t/h CFB boiler. The results of field tests on this boiler validated the theoretical analyses.

Small boiler uses waste coal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Virr, M.J.

Burning coal waste in small boilers at low emissions poses considerable problem. While larger boiler suppliers have successfully installed designs in the 40 to 80 MW range for some years, the author has been developing small automated fluid bed boiler plants for 25 years that can be applied in the range of 10,000 to 140,000 lbs/hr of steam. Development has centered on the use of an internally circulating fluid bed (CFB) boiler, which will burn waste fuels of most types. The boiler is based on the traditional D-shaped watertable boiler, with a new type of combustion chamber that enables amore » three-to-one turndown to be achieved. The boilers have all the advantages of low emissions of the large fluid boilers while offering a much lower height incorporated into the package boiler concept. Recent tests with a waste coal that had a high nitrogen content of 1.45% demonstrated a NOx emission below the federal limit of 0.6 lbs/mm Btu. Thus a NOx reduction on the order of 85% can be demonstrate by combustion modification alone. Further reductions can be made by using a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system and sulfur absorption of up to 90% retention is possible. The article describes the operation of a 30,000 lbs/hr boiler at the Fayette Thermal LLC plant. Spinheat has installed three ICFB boilers at a nursing home and a prison, which has been tested on poor-grade anthracite and bituminous coal. 2 figs.« less

Characterization of sprays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chigier, N.; Mao, C.-P.

1984-01-01

It is pointed out that most practical power generation and propulsion systems involve the burning of different types of fuel sprays, taking into account aircraft propulsion, industrial furnaces, boilers, gas turbines, and diesel engines. There has been a lack of data which can serve as a basis for spray model development and validation. A major aim of the present investigation is to fill this gap. Experimental apparatus and techniques for studying the characteristics of fuel sprays are discussed, taking into account two-dimensional still photography, cinematography, holography, a laser diffraction particle sizer, and a laser anemometer. The considered instruments were used in a number of experiments, taking into account three different types of fuel spray. Attention is given to liquid fuel sprays, high pressure pulsed diesel sprays, and coal-water slurry sprays.

40 CFR 63.7491 - Are any boilers or process heaters not subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Are any boilers or process heaters not..., and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters What This Subpart Covers § 63.7491 Are any boilers or process heaters not subject to this subpart? The types of boilers and process heaters listed in paragraphs...

46 CFR 61.05-5 - Preparation of boilers for inspection and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Preparation of boilers for inspection and test. 61.05-5... PERIODIC TESTS AND INSPECTIONS Tests and Inspections of Boilers § 61.05-5 Preparation of boilers for... preparing the boilers for the hydrostatic test, they shall be filled with water at not less than 70 °F. and...

Analysis on effects of energy efficiency regulations & standards for industrial boilers in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ren; Chen, Lili; Zhao, Yuejin; Liu, Meng

2017-11-01

The industrial boilers in China are featured by large quantity, wide distribution, high energy consumption and heavy environmental pollution, which are key problems faced by energy conservation and environmental protection in China. Meanwhile, industrial boilers are important equipment for national economy and people’s daily life, and energy conservation gets through all segments from type selection, purchase, installation and acceptance to fuel management, operation, maintenance and service. China began to implement such national mandatory standards and regulations for industrial boiler as GB24500-2009 The Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades of Industrial Boilers and TSG G002-2010 Supervision Regulation on Energy-Saving Technology for Boilers since 2009, which obviously promote the development of energy conservation of industrial boilers, but there are also some problems with the rapid development of technologies for energy conservation of industrial boilers. In this paper, the implementation of energy efficiency standards for industrial boilers in China and the significance are analyzed based on survey data, and some suggestions are proposed for the energy efficiency standards for industrial boilers. Support by Project 2015424050 of Special Fund for quality control Research in the Public Interest

Status and Analysis on Effects of Energy Efficiency Standards for Industrial Boilers in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ren; Chen, Lili; Liu, Meng; Ding, Qing; Zhao, Yuejin

2017-11-01

Energy conservation and environmental protection is the basic policy of China, and is an important part of ecological civilization construction. The industrial boilers in China are featured by large quantity, wide distribution, high energy consumption and heavy environmental pollution, which are key problems faced by energy conservation and environmental protection in China. Meanwhile, industrial boilers are important equipment for national economy and people’s daily life, and energy conservation gets through all segments from type selection, purchase, installation and acceptance to fuel management, operation, maintenance and service. China began to implement such national mandatory standards and regulations for industrial boiler as GB24500-2009 The Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades of Industrial Boilers and TSG G002-2010 Supervision Regulation on Energy-Saving Technology for Boilers since 2009, which obviously promote the development of energy conservation of industrial boilers, but there are also some problems with the rapid development of technologies for energy conservation of industrial boilers. In this paper, the implementation of energy efficiency standards for industrial boilers in China and the significance are analyzed based on survey data, and some suggestions are proposed for the energy efficiency standards for industrial boilers.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology. China: Energy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-24

desulfurization tech- nology at the present time. The wet method technology accounts for 86 percent of all of the world’s flue gas desulfurization facilities...Limestone-gypsum wet method desulfurization tech- nology Huaneng’s Luohuang Power Plant has already imported two sets of 360MW generator boiler flue gas ...Circulating Fluidized-Bed Technology Development [LinZhaokui, Wang Dun’en, et al; DONGLIGONGCHENG, 15 Oct 92] 27 Selection of Flue

42. BOILER HOUSE FOURTH FLOOR, FORCED DRAFT FANS ABOVE BOILERS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

42. BOILER HOUSE FOURTH FLOOR, FORCED DRAFT FANS ABOVE BOILERS (SEE DRAWING Nos. 10 & 11 OF 13) - Delaware County Electric Company, Chester Station, Delaware River at South end of Ward Street, Chester, Delaware County, PA

The Technology Introduction of Chain Boiler Energy Conservation Transformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Henan; Liu, Xiwen; Yuan, Hong; Lin, Jiadai; Zhang, Yu

2017-12-01

Introduced the present status of chain boiler efficiency is low, the system analysis of the chain boiler optimization and upgrading of technology, for the whole progress of chain boiler to provide some ideas and reference.

2. VIEW SOUTHWESTNORTH ELEVATION OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. VIEW SOUTHWEST-NORTH ELEVATION OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY SHIPYARD BLACKSMITH SHOP/BOILER SHOP. - Bethlehem Steel Company Shipyard, Blacksmith Shop-Boiler Shop, 1201-1321 Hudson Street, Hoboken, Hudson County, NJ

6. VIEW WESTINTERIOR OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE BETHLEHEM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW WEST-INTERIOR OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY SHIPYARD BLACKSMITH SHOP/BOILER SHOP. - Bethlehem Steel Company Shipyard, Blacksmith Shop-Boiler Shop, 1201-1321 Hudson Street, Hoboken, Hudson County, NJ

7. VIEW EASTINTERIOR OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE BETHLEHEM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW EAST-INTERIOR OF BOILER SHOP SECTION OF THE BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY SHIPYARD BLACKSMITH SHOP/BOILER SHOP. - Bethlehem Steel Company Shipyard, Blacksmith Shop-Boiler Shop, 1201-1321 Hudson Street, Hoboken, Hudson County, NJ

Operator's Manual, Boiler Room Operations and Maintenance. Supplement A, Air Pollution Training Institute Self-Instructional Course SI-466.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air Pollution Training Inst.

This Operator's Manual is a supplement to a self-instructional course prepared for the United States Environmental Protection Agency. This publication is the Boiler Room Handbook for operating and maintaining the boiler and the boiler room. As the student completes this handbook, he is putting together a manual for running his own boiler. The…

High Efficiency - Reduced Emissions Boiler Systems for Steam, Heat, and Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

enable energy saving necessary for obtaining Energy Star certification for the whole boiler system. Widespread boiler control updates could be possible...adaptability to different boiler and oil/gas burner configurations, and extensibility to operation with nonconventional fuels (e.g., biogas and syngas...typically operating below or slightly above 80%. Higher efficiency improvements can certainly be obtained via boiler replacement and adoption of

26 CFR 1.482-4 - Methods to determine taxable income in connection with a transfer of intangible property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... illustrate the principles of this paragraph (c). Example 1. (i) USpharm, a U.S. pharmaceutical company... prices in both countries. In addition, costs of producing and marketing drug Z in each country are... methods, an unspecified method should take into account the general principle that uncontrolled taxpayers...

Boiler: lossy compression of RNA-seq alignments using coverage vectors

PubMed Central

Pritt, Jacob; Langmead, Ben

2016-01-01

We describe Boiler, a new software tool for compressing and querying large collections of RNA-seq alignments. Boiler discards most per-read data, keeping only a genomic coverage vector plus a few empirical distributions summarizing the alignments. Since most per-read data is discarded, storage footprint is often much smaller than that achieved by other compression tools. Despite this, the most relevant per-read data can be recovered; we show that Boiler compression has only a slight negative impact on results given by downstream tools for isoform assembly and quantification. Boiler also allows the user to pose fast and useful queries without decompressing the entire file. Boiler is free open source software available from github.com/jpritt/boiler. PMID:27298258

Field Test of Boiler Primary Loop Temperature Controller

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glanville, P.; Rowley, P.; Schroeder, D.

Beyond these initial system efficiency upgrades are an emerging class of Advanced Load Monitoring (ALM) aftermarket controllers that dynamically respond to the boiler load, with claims of 10% to 30% of fuel savings over a heating season. For hydronic boilers specifically, these devices perform load monitoring, with continuous measurement of supply and, in some cases, return water temperatures. Energy savings from these ALM controllers are derived from dynamic management of the boiler differential, where a microprocessor with memory of past boiler cycles prevents the boiler from firing for a period of time, to limit cycling losses and inefficient operation duringmore » perceived low load conditions. These differ from OTR controllers, which vary boiler setpoint temperatures with ambient conditions while maintaining a fixed differential.« less

46 CFR 63.01-3 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY... automatic auxiliary boilers, automatic heating boilers, automatic waste heat boilers, donkey boilers... control systems) used for the generation of steam and/or oxidation of ordinary waste materials and garbage...

46 CFR 63.01-3 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY... automatic auxiliary boilers, automatic heating boilers, automatic waste heat boilers, donkey boilers... control systems) used for the generation of steam and/or oxidation of ordinary waste materials and garbage...

Study on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of industrial boilers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xiaoyang; Huang, Song; Zhang, Wenpin; Feng, Qiang; Huang, Yong

2018-06-01

In this paper, industrial boilers are used as the research object, and Boilerentiodynamic polarization analysis of boiler steel is used to study the electrochemical corrosion behavior in the boiler water. The electrochemical corrosion nature and morphology of the samples were tested through experiments. The study shows: the corrosion resistance of the samples will decrease significantly with the increase of the operating time of boilers. Dissolved solids and Cl- in the boiler water will destroy the original protective film, of which the increase of its content is the main reason for the deterioration of the material properties.

SNAP-8 refractory boiler development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fuller, R. A.

1974-01-01

Performance and endurance tests of the SNAP-8, SN-1 refractory metal boiler are described. The tests were successful and indicated that the boiler heat transfer area could be reduced significantly primarily because of the wetting characteristics of mercury on tantalum in a contaminant-free environment. A continuous endurance test of more than 10,000 hours was conducted without noticeable change in the thermal performance of the boiler. A conclusion of the metallographic examination of the boiler following the endurance test was that expected boiler life would be of the order of 40,000 hours at observed corrosion rates.

Electrostatic precipitator performance and trace element emissions from two Kraft recovery boilers.

PubMed

Lind, Terttaliisa; Hokkinen, Jouni; Jokiniemi, Jorma K; Hillamo, Risto; Makkonen, Ulla; Raukola, Antti; Rintanen, Jaakko; Saviharju, Kari

2006-01-15

Fine particle emissions from combustion sources have gained attention recently due to their adverse effects on human health. The emission depends on the combustion process, fuel, and particulate removal technology. Particle concentrations at Kraft recovery boiler exits are very high, and the boilers are typically equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESP). However, little data are available on the ESP performance in recovery boilers. Particle concentrations and size distributions were determined at two modern, operating recovery boilers. In addition, we determined the fractional collection efficiency of the ESPs by simultaneous measurements at the ESP inlet and outlet and the particulate emissions of trace metals. The particle mass concentration atthe ESP inlet was 11-24 g/Nm3 at the two boilers. Particle emissions were 30-40 mg/ Nm3 at boiler A and 12-15 mg/Nm3 at boiler B. The particle size distributions had a major particle mode at around 1 microm. These fume particles contained most of the particle mass. The main components in the particles were sodium and sulfate with minor amounts of chloride, potassium, and presumably some carbonate. The ESP collection efficiency was 99.6-99.8% at boiler A and 99.9% at boiler B. The particle penetration through the ESP was below 0.6% in the entire fume particle size range of 0.3-3 microm. Trace element emissions from both boilers were well below the limit values set by EU directive for waste incineration.

POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR PACKAGE BOILERS: HARDWARE MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATE FUELS

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of investigations of four ways to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from package boilers (both field operating boilers and boiler simulators): (1) variations in combustor operating procedure; (2) combustion modification (flue gas recirculation and st...

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) Utilization in a Navy Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

the energy production in any coal-fired boiler conversion consideration. The selection of the actual RDF to be used in a converted boiler should be... industrial boilers by gathering information from the Navy Energy and Environmental Support Activity, engineering field divi- sions, and field...activities. Currently the Navy has 27 industrial size boilers firing coal as a primary fuel and 10 firing coal as a secondary fuel. The four principal factors

12. Forward end of Boiler Room showing open firing doors ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Forward end of Boiler Room showing open firing doors for boilers. Note ladderway retracted overhead by which firemen entered and left Boiler Room. Coal ejectors shown at extreme left of view. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

49 CFR 230.47 - Boiler number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STEAM LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS Boilers and Appurtenances Steam Gauges § 230.47 Boiler number. (a) Generally. The builder's number of the boiler, if known, shall be stamped on the steam dome or manhole flange. If the builder's number cannot be obtained, an...

46 CFR 52.01-130 - Installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Installation. 52.01-130 Section 52.01-130 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements... the gas passages from the operating boilers. (2) Each main power boiler and auxiliary boiler shall be...

46 CFR 52.01-130 - Installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Installation. 52.01-130 Section 52.01-130 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements... the gas passages from the operating boilers. (2) Each main power boiler and auxiliary boiler shall be...

46 CFR 52.01-130 - Installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Installation. 52.01-130 Section 52.01-130 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements... the gas passages from the operating boilers. (2) Each main power boiler and auxiliary boiler shall be...

46 CFR 52.01-130 - Installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Installation. 52.01-130 Section 52.01-130 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements... the gas passages from the operating boilers. (2) Each main power boiler and auxiliary boiler shall be...

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Area Source Boilers Tune-up Guides

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains two tune-up guides for area source boilers for industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters. The first guide is for owners and operators, and the second is for technicians for the area source boilers.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oland, CB

Boiler owners and operators who need additional generating capacity face a number of legal, political, environmental, economic, and technical challenges. Their key to success requires selection of an adequately sized low-emission boiler and combustion equipment that can be operated in compliance with emission standards established by state and federal regulatory agencies. Recognizing that many issues are involved in making informed selection decisions, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) sponsored efforts at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to develop a guide for use in choosing low-emission boilers and combustion equipment. To ensure that the guidemore » covers a broad range of technical and regulatory issues of particular interest to the commercial boiler industry, the guide was developed in cooperation with the American Boiler Manufacturers Association (ABMA), the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners (CIBO), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The guide presents topics pertaining to industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) boilers. Background information about various types of commercially available boilers is provided along with discussions about the fuels that they burn and the emissions that they produce. Also included are discussions about emissions standards and compliance issues, technical details related to emissions control techniques, and other important selection considerations. Although information in the guide is primarily applicable to new ICI boilers, it may also apply to existing boiler installations.« less

Factors affecting stress assisted corrosion cracking of carbon steel under industrial boiler conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Dong

Failure of carbon steel boiler tubes from waterside has been reported in the utility boilers and industrial boilers for a long time. In industrial boilers, most waterside tube cracks are found near heavy attachment welds on the outer surface and are typically blunt, with multiple bulbous features indicating a discontinuous growth. These types of tube failures are typically referred to as stress assisted corrosion (SAC). For recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry, these failures are particularly important as any water leak inside the furnace can potentially lead to smelt-water explosion. Metal properties, environmental variables, and stress conditions are the major factors influencing SAC crack initation and propagation in carbon steel boiler tubes. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were conducted under boiler water conditions to study the effect of temperature, oxygen level, and stress conditions on crack initation and propagation on SA-210 carbon steel samples machined out of boiler tubes. Heat treatments were also performed to develop various grain size and carbon content on carbon steel samples, and SSRTs were conducted on these samples to examine the effect of microstructure features on SAC cracking. Mechanisms of SAC crack initation and propagation were proposed and validated based on interrupted slow strain tests (ISSRT). Water chemistry guidelines are provided to prevent SAC and fracture mechanics model is developed to predict SAC failure on industrial boiler tubes.

Field Test of Boiler Primary Loop Temperature Controller

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glanville, P.; Rowley, P.; Schroeder, D.

Beyond these initial system efficiency upgrades are an emerging class of Advanced Load Monitoring (ALM) aftermarket controllers that dynamically respond to the boiler load, with claims of 10% to 30% of fuel savings over a heating season. For hydronic boilers specifically, these devices perform load monitoring, with continuous measurement of supply and in some cases return water temperatures. Energy savings from these ALM controllers are derived from dynamic management of the boiler differential, where a microprocessor with memory of past boiler cycles prevents the boiler from firing for a period of time, to limit cycling losses and inefficient operation duringmore » perceived low load conditions. These differ from OTR controllers, which vary boiler setpoint temperatures with ambient conditions while maintaining a fixed differential. PARR installed and monitored the performance of one type of ALM controller, the M2G from Greffen Systems, at multifamily sites in the city of Chicago and its suburb Cary, IL, both with existing OTR control. Results show that energy savings depend on the degree to which boilers are over-sized for their load, represented by cycling rates. Also savings vary over the heating season with cycling rates, with greater savings observed in shoulder months. Over the monitoring period, over-sized boilers at one site showed reductions in cycling and energy consumption in line with prior laboratory studies, while less over-sized boilers at another site showed muted savings.« less

Demonstration of coal reburning for cyclone boiler NO{sub x} control. Appendix, Book 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Based on the industry need for a pilot-scale cyclone boiler simulator, Babcock Wilcox (B&W) designed, fabricated, and installed such a facility at its Alliance Research Center (ARC) in 1985. The project involved conversion of an existing pulverized coal-fired facility to be cyclone-firing capable. Additionally, convective section tube banks were installed in the upper furnace in order to simulate a typical boiler convection pass. The small boiler simulator (SBS) is designed to simulate most fireside aspects of full-size utility boilers such as combustion and flue gas emissions characteristics, fireside deposition, etc. Prior to the design of the pilot-scale cyclone boiler simulator,more » the various cyclone boiler types were reviewed in order to identify the inherent cyclone boiler design characteristics which are applicable to the majority of these boilers. The cyclone boiler characteristics that were reviewed include NO{sub x} emissions, furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT) carbon loss, and total furnace residence time. Previous pilot-scale cyclone-fired furnace experience identified the following concerns: (1) Operability of a small cyclone furnace (e.g., continuous slag tapping capability). (2) The optimum cyclone(s) configuration for the pilot-scale unit. (3) Compatibility of NO{sub x} levels, carbon burnout, cyclone ash carryover to the convection pass, cyclone temperature, furnace residence time, and FEGT.« less

Boiler: lossy compression of RNA-seq alignments using coverage vectors.

PubMed

Pritt, Jacob; Langmead, Ben

2016-09-19

We describe Boiler, a new software tool for compressing and querying large collections of RNA-seq alignments. Boiler discards most per-read data, keeping only a genomic coverage vector plus a few empirical distributions summarizing the alignments. Since most per-read data is discarded, storage footprint is often much smaller than that achieved by other compression tools. Despite this, the most relevant per-read data can be recovered; we show that Boiler compression has only a slight negative impact on results given by downstream tools for isoform assembly and quantification. Boiler also allows the user to pose fast and useful queries without decompressing the entire file. Boiler is free open source software available from github.com/jpritt/boiler. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Concept of Heat Recovery from Exhaust Gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bukowska, Maria; Nowak, Krzysztof; Proszak-Miąsik, Danuta; Rabczak, Sławomir

2017-10-01

The theme of the article is to determine the possibility of waste heat recovery and use it to prepare hot water. The scope includes a description of the existing sample of coal-fired boiler plant, the analysis of working condition and heat recovery proposals. For this purpose, a series of calculations necessary to identify the energy effect of exhaust temperature decreasing and transferring recovery heat to hot water processing. Heat recover solutions from the exhaust gases channel between boiler and chimney section were proposed. Estimation for the cost-effectiveness of such a solution was made. All calculations and analysis were performed for typical Polish conditions, for coal-fired boiler plant. Typicality of this solution is manifested by the volatility of the load during the year, due to distribution of heat for heating and hot water, determining the load variation during the day. Analysed system of three boilers in case of load variation allows to operational flexibility and adaptation of the boilers load to the current heat demand. This adaptation requires changes in the operating conditions of boilers and in particular assurance of properly conditions for the combustion of fuel. These conditions have an impact on the existing thermal loss and the overall efficiency of the boiler plant. On the boiler plant efficiency affects particularly exhaust gas temperature and the excess air factor. Increasing the efficiency of boilers plant is possible to reach by following actions: limiting the excess air factor in coal combustion process in boilers and using an additional heat exchanger in the exhaust gas channel outside of boilers (economizer) intended to preheat the hot water.

46 CFR 176.812 - Pressure vessels and boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pressure vessels and boilers. 176.812 Section 176.812... TONS) INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Material Inspections § 176.812 Pressure vessels and boilers. (a.... (b) Periodic inspection and testing requirements for boilers are contained in § 61.05 in subchapter F...

49 CFR 230.47 - Boiler number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Boiler number. 230.47 Section 230.47... Steam Gauges § 230.47 Boiler number. (a) Generally. The builder's number of the boiler, if known, shall be stamped on the steam dome or manhole flange. If the builder's number cannot be obtained, an...

49 CFR 230.47 - Boiler number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Boiler number. 230.47 Section 230.47... Steam Gauges § 230.47 Boiler number. (a) Generally. The builder's number of the boiler, if known, shall be stamped on the steam dome or manhole flange. If the builder's number cannot be obtained, an...

49 CFR 230.47 - Boiler number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Boiler number. 230.47 Section 230.47... Steam Gauges § 230.47 Boiler number. (a) Generally. The builder's number of the boiler, if known, shall be stamped on the steam dome or manhole flange. If the builder's number cannot be obtained, an...

49 CFR 230.47 - Boiler number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Boiler number. 230.47 Section 230.47... Steam Gauges § 230.47 Boiler number. (a) Generally. The builder's number of the boiler, if known, shall be stamped on the steam dome or manhole flange. If the builder's number cannot be obtained, an...

Providing Boiler Inspections at US Army Installations: How to Perform Internal/Operational, Efficiency, and Emissions Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

corrosion can be found on tubes , tubesheets, and in steam- drums, most often near the waterline in steam boilers . Oxygen pitting can also occur anywhere...components present in the feedwater onto wetted boiler surfaces including fire- tubes and water- tubes . Since scale is a good insulator, the thicker...steel surfaces of a steam boiler . However, heavier scale accumulates on the lower steel surfaces of the tubes , mud-drum, and boiler shell. SLUDGE

A Study of Waste-Heat-Boiler Size and Performance of a Conceptual Marine COGAS System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

The addition of a waste-heat boiler which extracts heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas to operate a bottoming Rankine cycle is one way to improve the...do not change significantly. Higher saturation pressure actually results in a somewhat lower boiler heat transfer, but the Rankine - cycle performance...of heat transferred in the waste-heat boiler and (2) the conversion efficiency of the Rankine cycle . In sizing the waste-heat boiler, attention was

Performances of condensation boilers of the dry type observed in the laboratory and in operation (in French)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pelloux-Prayer, D.; Rottenberg, J.; Ours, A.

1982-01-01

Studies have shown that the dry type of condensation boiler offers substantial energy savings in residential space heating. For collective heating, laboratory efficiencies of 85-95% were confirmed in the field by a condensation boiler operating in a 75-unit apartment house. Compared with conventional boilers, the condensation type uses 15-21% less energy. Retrofitting existing boilers involves routing the flue gas through a heat exchanger placed in the return-water system and providing drainage for the condensates.

Boiling process modelling peculiarities analysis of the vacuum boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slobodina, E. N.; Mikhailov, A. G.

2017-06-01

The analysis of the low and medium powered boiler equipment development was carried out, boiler units possible development directions with the purpose of energy efficiency improvement were identified. Engineering studies for the vacuum boilers applying are represented. Vacuum boiler heat-exchange processes where boiling water is the working body are considered. Heat-exchange intensification method under boiling at the maximum heat- transfer coefficient is examined. As a result of the conducted calculation studies, heat-transfer coefficients variation curves depending on the pressure, calculated through the analytical and numerical methodologies were obtained. The conclusion about the possibility of numerical computing method application through RPI ANSYS CFX for the boiling process description in boiler vacuum volume was given.

Optimization and thermoeconomics research of a large reclaimed water source heat pump system.

PubMed

Zhang, Zi-ping; Du, Fang-hui

2013-01-01

This work describes a large reclaimed water source heat pump system (RWSHPS) and elaborates on the composition of the system and its design principles. According to the characteristics of the reclaimed water and taking into account the initial investment, the project is divided into two stages: the first stage adopts distributed heat pump heating system and the second adopts the combination of centralized and decentralized systems. We analyze the heating capacity of the RWSHPS, when the phase II project is completed, the system can provide hydronic heating water with the supply and return water temperature of 55°C/15°C and meet the hydronic heating demand of 8 million square meters of residential buildings. We make a thermal economics analysis by using Thermal Economics theory on RWSHPS and gas boiler system, it is known that the RWSHPS has more advantages, compared with the gas boiler heating system; both its thermal efficiency and economic efficiency are relatively high. It provides a reference for future applications of the RWSHPS.

Overview of Boiler House and Sheet Metal and Electrical Shops ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Overview of Boiler House and Sheet Metal and Electrical Shops Building (center - with single large chimney), note the monitor on the original section of the Boiler House Building, view facing north - Kahului Cannery, Plant No. 28, Boiler House, Sheet Metal and Electrical Shops, 120 Kane Street, Kahului, Maui County, HI

BOILER DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DRY SORBENT SO2 CONTROL WITH LOW-NOX BURNERS: NEW UNIT APPLICATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes a study to define boiler modifications required to achieve 70% SO2 removal with sorbent injection on a large tangentially fired utility boiler without supplemental spray drying. The study is a follow on to a recently completed broader evaluation of boiler des...

16 CFR Appendix G8 to Part 305 - Boilers (Electric)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Boilers (Electric) G8 Appendix G8 to Part... LABELING RULEâ) Appendix G8 to Part 305—Boilers (Electric) Type Range of annual fuel utilization efficiencies (AFUEs) Low High Electric Boilers 100 100 [78 FR 8377, Feb. 6, 2013] ...

46 CFR 167.15-25 - Inspection standards for hulls, boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection standards for hulls, boilers and machinery... SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Inspections § 167.15-25 Inspection standards for hulls, boilers and... Classing Steel Vessels” regarding the construction of hulls, boilers and machinery in effect on the date of...

46 CFR 71.15-1 - Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery... VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspection of Vessels § 71.15-1 Standards in inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery. In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels, the standards...

30 CFR 57.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Boilers. 57.13030 Section 57.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels ...

30 CFR 57.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Boilers. 57.13030 Section 57.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels ...

30 CFR 57.13030 - Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Boilers. 57.13030 Section 57.13030 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers § 57.13030 Boilers. (a) Fired pressure vessels ...

46 CFR 109.421 - Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. 109... Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. Before making repairs, except normal repairs and maintenance such as replacement of valves or pressure seals, to boilers or unfired pressure vessels in...

46 CFR 196.30-1 - Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. 196.30-1... VESSELS OPERATIONS Reports of Accidents, Repairs, and Unsafe Equipment § 196.30-1 Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. (a) Before making any repairs to boilers or unfired pressure vessels, the Chief Engineer...

7 CFR 51.2833 - U.S. No. 1 Boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false U.S. No. 1 Boilers. 51.2833 Section 51.2833 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards...) Grades § 51.2833 U.S. No. 1 Boilers. U.S. No. 1 Boilers consists of onions which meet all the...

46 CFR 52.01-35 - Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... heating boilers. 52.01-35 Section 52.01-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-35 Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers. (a) To determine the appropriate part of the regulations where...

46 CFR 115.812 - Pressure vessels and boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pressure vessels and boilers. 115.812 Section 115.812... CERTIFICATION Material Inspections § 115.812 Pressure vessels and boilers. (a) Pressure vessels must be tested... testing requirements for boilers are contained in § 61.05 in subchapter F of this chapter. [CGD 85-080, 61...

40 CFR 270.66 - Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... blended, and blending ratios. (3) A detailed engineering description of the boiler or industrial furnace... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Permits for boilers and industrial... PROGRAM Special Forms of Permits § 270.66 Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous...

40 CFR 270.66 - Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... blended, and blending ratios. (3) A detailed engineering description of the boiler or industrial furnace... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Permits for boilers and industrial... PROGRAM Special Forms of Permits § 270.66 Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous...

40 CFR 270.66 - Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... blended, and blending ratios. (3) A detailed engineering description of the boiler or industrial furnace... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Permits for boilers and industrial... PROGRAM Special Forms of Permits § 270.66 Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous...

40 CFR 270.66 - Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... blended, and blending ratios. (3) A detailed engineering description of the boiler or industrial furnace... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Permits for boilers and industrial... PROGRAM Special Forms of Permits § 270.66 Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous...

40 CFR 270.66 - Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... blended, and blending ratios. (3) A detailed engineering description of the boiler or industrial furnace... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permits for boilers and industrial... PROGRAM Special Forms of Permits § 270.66 Permits for boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous...

21 CFR 173.310 - Boiler water additives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Boiler water additives. 173.310 Section 173.310... CONSUMPTION Specific Usage Additives § 173.310 Boiler water additives. Boiler water additives may be safely... water. Copolymer contains not more than 0.5 percent by weight of acrylic acid monomer (dry weight basis...

21 CFR 173.310 - Boiler water additives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Boiler water additives. 173.310 Section 173.310... CONSUMPTION Specific Usage Additives § 173.310 Boiler water additives. Boiler water additives may be safely... water. Copolymer contains not more than 0.5 percent by weight of acrylic acid monomer (dry weight basis...

21 CFR 173.310 - Boiler water additives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Boiler water additives. 173.310 Section 173.310... CONSUMPTION Specific Usage Additives § 173.310 Boiler water additives. Boiler water additives may be safely... water. Copolymer contains not more than 0.5 percent by weight of acrylic acid monomer (dry weight basis...

40 CFR 65.149 - Boilers and process heaters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of 44 megawatts (150 million British... hazardous waste for which the owner or operator meets either of the following requirements: (A) The boiler...). If an owner or operator elects to use a boiler or process heater to replace an existing recovery...

40 CFR 65.149 - Boilers and process heaters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of 44 megawatts (150 million British... hazardous waste for which the owner or operator meets either of the following requirements: (A) The boiler...). If an owner or operator elects to use a boiler or process heater to replace an existing recovery...

Application of Boiler Op for combustion optimization at PEPCO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maines, P.; Williams, S.; Levy, E.

1997-09-01

Title IV requires the reduction of NOx at all stations within the PEPCO system. To assist PEPCO plant personnel in achieving low heat rates while meeting NOx targets, Lehigh University`s Energy Research Center and PEPCO developed a new combustion optimization software package called Boiler Op. The Boiler Op code contains an expert system, neural networks and an optimization algorithm. The expert system guides the plant engineer through a series of parametric boiler tests, required for the development of a comprehensive boiler database. The data are then analyzed by the neural networks and optimization algorithm to provide results on the boilermore » control settings which result in the best possible heat rate at a target NOx level or produce minimum NOx. Boiler Op has been used at both Potomac River and Morgantown Stations to help PEPCO engineers optimize combustion. With the use of Boiler Op, Morgantown Station operates under low NOx restrictions and continues to achieve record heat rate values, similar to pre-retrofit conditions. Potomac River Station achieves the regulatory NOx limit through the use of Boiler Op recommended control settings and without NOx burners. Importantly, any software like Boiler Op cannot be used alone. Its application must be in concert with human intelligence to ensure unit safety, reliability and accurate data collection.« less

Building America Case Study: Advanced Boiler Load Monitoring Controllers, Chicago, Illinois (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

PARR

Beyond these initial system efficiency upgrades are an emerging class of Advanced Load Monitoring (ALM) aftermarket controllers that dynamically respond to the boiler load, with claims of 10% to 30% of fuel savings over a heating season. For hydronic boilers specifically, these devices perform load monitoring, with continuous measurement of supply and in some cases return water temperatures. Energy savings from these ALM controllers are derived from dynamic management of the boiler differential, where a microprocessor with memory of past boiler cycles prevents the boiler from firing for a period of time, to limit cycling losses and inefficient operation duringmore » perceived low load conditions. These differ from OTR controllers, which vary boiler setpoint temperatures with ambient conditions while maintaining a fixed differential. PARR installed and monitored the performance of one type of ALM controller, the M2G from Greffen Systems, at multifamily sites in the city of Chicago and its suburb Cary, IL, both with existing OTR control. Results show that energy savings depend on the degree to which boilers are over-sized for their load, represented by cycling rates. Also savings vary over the heating season with cycling rates, with greater savings observed in shoulder months. Over the monitoring period, over-sized boilers at one site showed reductions in cycling and energy consumption in line with prior laboratory studies, while less over-sized boilers at another site showed muted savings.« less

PAH emissions from old and new types of domestic hot water boilers.

PubMed

Horak, Jiri; Kubonova, Lenka; Krpec, Kamil; Hopan, Frantisek; Kubesa, Petr; Motyka, Oldrich; Laciok, Vendula; Dej, Milan; Ochodek, Tadeas; Placha, Daniela

2017-06-01

Five different domestic heating boilers (automatic, over-fire, with down-draft combustion and gasification) and three types of fuel (lignite, wood and mixed fuel) were examined in 25 combustion tests and correlated with the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), total organic carbon (TOC) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs with MW = 178-278 g/mol) focusing on particle phase. However, the distribution of 12 PAHs in gas phase was considered as well due to the presence mainly of lighter PAHs in gas phase. The PAHs, as well as the CO and TOC, are the indicators of incomplete combustion, and in this study PAH emission increased significantly with increasing emissions of CO and TOC. The PAHs were mainly detected on PM 2.5 , their contents were increasing linearly with increasing PM 2.5 emissions. The highest emission factors of PAHs were measured for boilers of old construction, such as over-fire boiler (5.8-929 mg/kg) and boiler with down-draft combustion (3.1-54.1 mg/kg). Modern types of boilers produced much lower emissions of PAHs, in particular, automatic boiler (0.3-3.3 mg/kg) and gasification boilers (0.2-6.7 mg/kg). In general, the inefficient combustion at reduced output of boilers generated 1.4-17.7 times more emissions of PAHs than the combustion at nominal output of boilers. It is recommended to operate boilers at nominal output with sufficient air supply and to use the proper fuel to minimise PAHs emissions from domestic heating appliances. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Emission characteristics of NOx, CO, NH3 and VOCs from gas-fired industrial boilers based on field measurements in Beijing city, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yue, Tao; Gao, Xiang; Gao, Jiajia; Tong, Yali; Wang, Kun; Zuo, Penglai; Zhang, Xiaoxi; Tong, Li; Wang, Chenlong; Xue, Yifeng

2018-07-01

In the past decade, due to the management policies and coal combustion controls in Beijing, the consumption of natural gas has increased gradually. Nevertheless, the research on the emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants emitted from gas-fired industrial boilers, especially considering the influence of low nitrogen (low-NOx) retrofit policy of gas boilers, is scarcely. In this study, based on literature and field investigations, onsite measurements of NOx, CO, NH3 and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions from gas-fired industrial boilers as well as the key factors that affected the emission of gaseous pollutants were discussed. Category-specific emission factors (EFs) of NOx, CO, NH3 and VOCs were obtained from the field measurements of 1107 "low-NOx" retrofitted and unabated gas-fired industrial boilers. Our results showed that operating load and control measures were the two key factors affecting the formation of gaseous pollutants. The EFs of NOx (EFNOx) and CO (EFCO) of atmospheric combustion boilers (ACBs) were much higher than the EFs of chamber combustion boilers (CCBs). The total emissions of NOx, CO, NH3 and VOCs from gas-fired industrial boilers in Beijing in the year of 2015 were estimated at 10489.6 t, 3272.8 t, 196.4 t and 235.4 t, respectively. Alkanes, BTEX, oxygenated VOCs and non-reactive organic matter were the four main chemical components of VOCs. As for the spatial distributions, the emissions of NOx, CO, NH3 and VOCs from gas-fired industrial boilers in Beijing were predominantly concentrated in central six urban districts. In the future, more detailed investigation and field tests for all kinds of gas-fired industrial boilers are still greatly needed to achieve more reliable estimations of atmospheric pollutants from gas-fired industrial boilers.

Materials for the pulp and paper industry. Section 1: Development of materials for black liquor recovery boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keiser, J.R.; Hubbard, C.R.; Payzant, E.A.

1997-04-01

Black liquor recovery boilers are essential components of kraft pulp and paper mills because they are a critical element of the system used to recover the pulping chemicals required in the kraft pulping process. In addition, the steam produced in these boilers is used to generate a significant portion of the electrical power used in the mill. Recovery boilers require the largest capital investment of any individual component of a paper mill, and these boilers are a major source of material problems in a mill. The walls and floors of these boilers are constructed of tube panels that circulate highmore » pressure water. Molten salts (smelt) accumulate on the floor of recovery boilers, and leakage of water into the boiler can result in a violent explosion when the leaked water instantly vaporizes upon contacting the molten smelt. Because corrosion of the conventionally-used carbon steel tubing was found to be excessive in the lower section of recovery boilers, use of stainless steel/carbon steel co-extruded tubing was adopted for boiler walls to lessen corrosion and reduce the likelihood of smelt/water explosions. Eventually, this co-extruded or composite (as it is known in the industry) tubing was selected for use as a portion or all of the floor of recovery boilers, particularly those operating at pressures > 6.2 MPa (900 psi), because of the corrosion problems encountered in carbon steel floor tubes. Since neither the cause of the cracking nor an effective solution has been identified, this program was established to develop a thorough understanding of the degradation that occurs in the composite tubing used for walls and floors. This is being accomplished through a program that includes collection and review of technical reports, examination of unexposed and cracked tubes from boiler floors, computer modeling to predict residual stresses under operating conditions, and operation of laboratory tests to study corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and thermal fatigue.« less

Super Boiler: Packed Media/Transport Membrane Boiler Development and Demonstration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liss, William E; Cygan, David F

2013-04-17

Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and Cleaver-Brooks developed a new gas-fired steam generation system the Super Boiler for increased energy efficiency, reduced equipment size, and reduced emissions. The system consists of a firetube boiler with a unique staged furnace design, a two-stage burner system with engineered internal recirculation and inter-stage cooling integral to the boiler, unique convective pass design with extended internal surfaces for enhanced heat transfer, and a novel integrated heat recovery system to extract maximum energy from the flue gas. With these combined innovations, the Super Boiler technical goals were set at 94% HHV fuel efficiency, operation on naturalmore » gas with <5 ppmv NOx (referenced to 3%O2), and 50% smaller than conventional boilers of similar steam output. To demonstrate these technical goals, the project culminated in the industrial demonstration of this new high-efficiency technology on a 300 HP boiler at Clement Pappas, a juice bottler located in Ontario, California. The Super Boiler combustion system is based on two stage combustion which combines air staging, internal flue gas recirculation, inter-stage cooling, and unique fuel-air mixing technology to achieve low emissions rather than external flue gas recirculation which is most commonly used today. The two-stage combustion provides lower emissions because of the integrated design of the boiler and combustion system which permit precise control of peak flame temperatures in both primary and secondary stages of combustion. To reduce equipment size, the Super Boiler's dual furnace design increases radiant heat transfer to the furnace walls, allowing shorter overall furnace length, and also employs convective tubes with extended surfaces that increase heat transfer by up to 18-fold compared to conventional bare tubes. In this way, a two-pass boiler can achieve the same efficiency as a traditional three or four-pass firetube boiler design. The Super Boiler is consequently up to 50% smaller in footprint, has a smaller diameter, and is up to 50% lower in weight, resulting in very compact design with reduced material cost and labor costs, while requiring less boiler room floor space. For enhanced energy efficiency, the heat recovery system uses a transport membrane condenser (TMC), a humidifying air heater (HAH), and a split-stage economizer to extract maximum energy from the flue gas. The TMC is a new innovation that pulls a major portion of water vapor produced by the combustion process from the flue gases along with its sensible and latent heat. This results in nearly 100% transfer of heat to the boiler feed water. The HAH improves the effectiveness of the TMC, particularly in steam systems that do not have a large amount of cold makeup water. In addition, the HAH humidifies the combustion air to reduce NOx formation. The split-stage economizer preheats boiler feed water in the same way as a conventional economizer, but extracts more heat by working in tandem with the TMC and HAH to reduce flue gas temperature. These components are designed to work synergistically to achieve energy efficiencies of 92-94% which is 10-15% higher than today's typical firetube boilers.« less

46 CFR 52.01-135 - Inspection and tests (modifies PG-90 through PG-100).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...). (a) Requirements. Inspection and test of boilers and boiler pressure parts shall be as indicated in PG-90 through PG-100 of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (incorporated by...-91 of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 52...

46 CFR 63.25-3 - Electric hot water supply boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electric hot water supply boilers. 63.25-3 Section 63.25... water supply boilers. (a) Electric hot water supply boilers that have a capacity not greater than 454... section except the periodic testing required by paragraph (j) of this section. Electric hot water supply...

40 CFR 76.5 - NOX emission limitations for Group 1 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... wall-fired boiler (other than units applying cell burner technology) shall not discharge, or allow to... input on an annual average basis for tangentially fired boilers. (2) 0.50 lb/mmBtu of heat input on an annual average basis for dry bottom wall-fired boilers (other than units applying cell burner technology...

46 CFR 196.15-15 - Examination of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery. 196.15-15 Section... VESSELS OPERATIONS Test, Drills, and Inspections § 196.15-15 Examination of boilers and machinery. (a) It shall be the duty of the chief engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and machinery of a vessel...

46 CFR 78.33-1 - Repairs of boiler and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Repairs of boiler and pressure vessels. 78.33-1 Section... OPERATIONS Reports of Accidents, Repairs, and Unsafe Equipment § 78.33-1 Repairs of boiler and pressure vessels. (a) Before making any repairs to boilers or unfired pressure vessels, the chief engineer shall...

46 CFR 97.15-15 - Examination of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery. 97.15-15 Section... VESSELS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 97.15-15 Examination of boilers and machinery. It shall be the duty of the chief engineer when assuming charge of the boilers and machinery of a vessel to...

46 CFR 78.17-30 - Examination of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery. 78.17-30 Section... OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 78.17-30 Examination of boilers and machinery. It shall be the duty of the chief engineer when assuming charge of the boilers and machinery of a vessel to examine...

46 CFR 32.35-1 - Boilers and machinery-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Boilers and machinery-TB/ALL. 32.35-1 Section 32.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Main and Auxiliary Machinery § 32.35-1 Boilers and machinery—TB/ALL. Boilers, main and auxiliary...

46 CFR 50.05-5 - Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems. 50... ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 50.05-5 Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems. (a) Whenever doubt exists as to the safety of an existing boiler, pressure vessel, or piping system, the marine...

46 CFR 97.30-1 - Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. 97.30-1 Section... VESSELS OPERATIONS Reports of Accidents, Repairs, and Unsafe Equipment § 97.30-1 Repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. (a) Before making any repairs to boilers or unfired pressure vessels, the chief engineer...

46 CFR 167.65-60 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. 167.65... SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Operating Requirements § 167.65-60 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and...

49 CFR Appendix D to Part 230 - Civil Penalty Schedule

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the boiler 1,000 2,000 230.36Hydrostatic testing of boilers: (a) Failure to perform hydrostatic test of boiler as required 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly perform hydrostatic test 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect boiler after conducting hydrostatic test above MAWP 1,500 3,000 230.37 Failure...

16 CFR Appendix G7 to Part 305 - Boilers (Oil)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Boilers (Oil) G7 Appendix G7 to Part 305... RULEâ) Appendix G7 to Part 305—Boilers (Oil) Type Range of annual fuel utilization efficiencies (AFUEs) Low High Oil Boilers Manufactured Before the Compliance Date of DOE Regional Standards for Non...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Process Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and Process Heaters That Choose To Comply With... Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and Process Heaters That Choose To Comply With the... operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable mercury and/or total selected metals...

33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

33 CFR 145.10 - Locations and number of fire extinguishers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vicinity of exits, either inside or outside of spaces. machinery spaces Gas-fired boilers B-II (CO2 or dry chemical) 2 required. Gas-fired boilers B-V 1 required. 1 Oil-fired boilers B-II 2 required. Oil-fired boilers B-V 2 required. 1 Internal combustion or gas turbine engines B-II 1 for each engine. 2 Electric...

Biomass boiler conversion potential in the eastern United States

Treesearch

Charles D. Ray; Li Ma; Thomas Wilson; Daniel Wilson; Lew McCreery; Janice K. Wiedenbeck

2013-01-01

The U.S. is the world's leading consumer of primary energy. A large fraction of this energy is used in boiler installations to generate steam and hot water for heating applications. It is estimated there are total 163,000 industrial and commercial boilers in use in the United States of all sizes. This paper characterizes the commercial and industrial boilers in...

46 CFR 61.05-5 - Preparation of boilers for inspection and test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Preparation of boilers for inspection and test. 61.05-5 Section 61.05-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND INSPECTIONS Tests and Inspections of Boilers § 61.05-5 Preparation of boilers for inspection and test. (a) For internal inspectio...

35. VIEW LOOKING EAST IN SOUTH END OF EAST BOILER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. VIEW LOOKING EAST IN SOUTH END OF EAST BOILER ROOM. CYLINDRICAL TANKS ARE WORTHINGTON DEAERATORS. THESE REMOVED AIR FROM BOILER FEED WATER TO MINIMIZE CORROSION AND PITTING OF THE BOILER TUBES. AIR REMOVAL ALSO HELPED AVOID THE FORMATION OF FOAM IN THE SYSTEM. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

A Guide for Recertification of Ground Based Pressure Vessels and Liquid Holding Tanks

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-15

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , Section...Requirements 202 Calculate Vessel MAWP Using ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VUI, Division 1. 203 Assess Vessel MAWP Using ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section...Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PV) Section VIll, Division 1, or other applicable standard. This activity involves the

Effective Use of Weld Metal Yield Strength for HY-Steels

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PV Code) is divided...As noted earlier, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code makes only one exception to its overall philosophy of matching weld-metal strength and...material where toughness is of primary importance. REFERENCES American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel

46 CFR 167.65-70 - Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machinery by engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and... of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machinery by engineers. (a) Before making repairs to a boiler of a nautical school ship the engineer in charge shall report, in writing, the nature of such...

46 CFR 35.25-5 - Repairs of boilers and unfired pressure vessels and reports of repairs or accidents by chief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Repairs of boilers and unfired pressure vessels and..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Engine Department § 35.25-5 Repairs of boilers and... any repairs to boilers or unfired pressure vessels, the chief engineer shall submit a report covering...

46 CFR 35.25-1 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL... Engine Department § 35.25-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer—T/ALL. It shall be the duty of an engineer when assuming charge of the boilers to examine the same forthwith and thoroughly. If...

46 CFR 35.25-1 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL... Engine Department § 35.25-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer—T/ALL. It shall be the duty of an engineer when assuming charge of the boilers to examine the same forthwith and thoroughly. If...

46 CFR 35.25-1 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL... Engine Department § 35.25-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer—T/ALL. It shall be the duty of an engineer when assuming charge of the boilers to examine the same forthwith and thoroughly. If...

46 CFR 35.25-1 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer-T/ALL... Engine Department § 35.25-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer—T/ALL. It shall be the duty of an engineer when assuming charge of the boilers to examine the same forthwith and thoroughly. If...

Sootblowing optimization for improved boiler performance

DOEpatents

James, John Robert; McDermott, John; Piche, Stephen; Pickard, Fred; Parikh, Neel J.

2012-12-25

A sootblowing control system that uses predictive models to bridge the gap between sootblower operation and boiler performance goals. The system uses predictive modeling and heuristics (rules) associated with different zones in a boiler to determine an optimal sequence of sootblower operations and achieve boiler performance targets. The system performs the sootblower optimization while observing any operational constraints placed on the sootblowers.

Sootblowing optimization for improved boiler performance

DOEpatents

James, John Robert; McDermott, John; Piche, Stephen; Pickard, Fred; Parikh, Neel J

2013-07-30

A sootblowing control system that uses predictive models to bridge the gap between sootblower operation and boiler performance goals. The system uses predictive modeling and heuristics (rules) associated with different zones in a boiler to determine an optimal sequence of sootblower operations and achieve boiler performance targets. The system performs the sootblower optimization while observing any operational constraints placed on the sootblowers.

A novel direct-fired porous-medium boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasartkaew, Boonrit

2018-01-01

Nowadays, power and heat generation systems pay an important role in all economic sectors. These systems are mainly based on combustion reaction and operated under the second law of thermodynamics. A conventional boilers, a main component of heat and power generators, have thermal efficiency in the range of 70 to 85%, mainly owing to they have flue gas heat loss. This paper proposes a novel type of boiler, called a Direct-fired Porous-medium Boiler (DPB). Due to being operated without flue gas heat loss, its thermal efficiency cloud be approximately close to 100%. The steam produced from the proposed boiler; however, is not pure water steam. It is the composite gases of steam and combustion-product-gases. This paper aims at presenting the working concept and reporting the experimental results on the performance of the proposed boiler. The experiments of various operating parameters were performed and collected data were used for the performance analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed boiler can be operated as well as the conceptual design and then it is promising. It can be possibly further developed to be a high efficiency boiler by means of reducing or suppressing the surface heat loss with better insulator and/or refractory lined.

First Experiences with the New Chalmers Gasifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thunman, H.; Seemann, M. C.

During summer 2007 a 2-6 MWth indirect gasification section was integrated into the loop of the existing 82➀2 MWth circulating fluidized bed boiler at Chalmers University. With help of a particle distributor the gasification unit is connected to the loop after the cyclone. Hot bed material entrained from the boiler is so transferred to the gasifier providing the heat for the production of a nearly nitrogen free product gas. Non-gasified char is returned together with the bed material into the boiler and converted. Biomass can be fed into both sections; the boiler and the gasifier. The gasification is separated from the boiler via two loop seals and a particle distributer, directing particles either back to the boiler or into the gasification section. For that reason the CFB boiler can be operated even after the retrofit independently, just like before, or in combined combustion/gasification mode. This possibility keeps the risk for a retrofit low. As, furthermore, the investment costs for the integration are considerably lower than standalone gasification units of that size, the retrofit is an easy way to extend the potential of a CFB Boiler towards bi- and tri-generation (heat, power, fuel) and enter new markets.

Design of Boiler Welding for Improvement of Lifetime and Cost Control.

PubMed

Thong-On, Atcharawadi; Boonruang, Chatdanai

2016-11-03

Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo a widely used material for headers and steam tubes of boilers. Welding of steam tube to header is required for production of boiler. Heat affected zone of the weld can have poor mechanical properties and poor corrosion behavior leading to weld failure. The cost of material used for steam tube and header of boiler should be controlled. This study propose a new materials design for boiler welding to improve the lifetime and cost control, using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo tube to carbon steel pipe with chromium-containing filler. The cost of production could be reduced by the use of low cost material such as carbon steel pipe for boiler header. The effect of chromium content on corrosion behavior of the weld was greater than that of the microstructure. The lifetime of the welded boiler can be increased by improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone.

Design of Boiler Welding for Improvement of Lifetime and Cost Control

PubMed Central

Thong-On, Atcharawadi; Boonruang, Chatdanai

2016-01-01

Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo a widely used material for headers and steam tubes of boilers. Welding of steam tube to header is required for production of boiler. Heat affected zone of the weld can have poor mechanical properties and poor corrosion behavior leading to weld failure. The cost of material used for steam tube and header of boiler should be controlled. This study propose a new materials design for boiler welding to improve the lifetime and cost control, using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo tube to carbon steel pipe with chromium-containing filler. The cost of production could be reduced by the use of low cost material such as carbon steel pipe for boiler header. The effect of chromium content on corrosion behavior of the weld was greater than that of the microstructure. The lifetime of the welded boiler can be increased by improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone. PMID:28774014

[Predicting low NOx combustion property of a coal-fired boiler].

PubMed

Zhou, Hao; Mao, Jianbo; Chi, Zuohe; Jiang, Xiao; Wang, Zhenhua; Cen, Kefa

2002-03-01

More attention was paid to the low NOx combustion property of the high capacity tangential firing boiler, but the NOx emission and unburned carbon content in fly ash of coal burned boiler were complicated, they were affected by many factors, such as coal character, boiler's load, air distribution, boiler style, burner style, furnace temperature, excess air ratio, pulverized coal fineness and the uniformity of the air and coal distribution, etc. In this paper, the NOx emission property and unburned carbon content in fly ash of a 600 MW utility tangentially firing coal burned boiler was experimentally investigated, and taking advantage of the nonlinear dynamics characteristics and self-learning characteristics of artificial neural network, an artificial neural network model on low NOx combustion property of the high capacity boiler was developed and verified. The results illustrated that such a model can predicate the NOx emission concentration and unburned carbon content under various operating conditions, if combined with the optimization algorithm, the operator can find the best operation condition of the low NOx combustion.

Assessment of physical workload in boiler operations.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Valéria Antônia Justino; Braga, Camila Soares; Campos, Julio César Costa; Souza, Amaury Paulo de; Minette, Luciano José; Sensato, Guilherme Luciano; Moraes, Angelo Casali de; Silva, Emília Pio da

2012-01-01

The use of boiler wood-fired is fairly common equipment utilized in steam generation for energy production in small industries. The boiler activities are considered dangerous and heavy, mainly due to risks of explosions and the lack of mechanization of the process. This study assessed the burden of physical labor that operators of boilers are subjected during the workday. Assessment of these conditions was carried out through quantitative and qualitative measurements. A heart rate monitor, a wet-bulb globe thermometer (WBGT), a tape-measure and a digital infrared camera were the instruments used to collect the quantitative data. The Nordic Questionnaire and the Painful Areas Diagram were used to relate the health problems of the boiler operator with activity. With study, was concluded that the boiler activity may cause pains in the body of intensity different, muscle fatigue and diseases due to excessive weight and the exposure to heat. The research contributed to improve the boiler operator's workplace and working conditions.

Comparison of emissions and toxicological properties of fine particles from wood and oil boilers in small (20-25 kW) and medium (5-10 MW) scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaivosoja, T.; Jalava, P. I.; Lamberg, H.; Virén, A.; Tapanainen, M.; Torvela, T.; Tapper, U.; Sippula, O.; Tissari, J.; Hillamo, R.; Hirvonen, M.-R.; Jokiniemi, J.

2013-10-01

The aim of this study was to compare four alternatives for providing decentralized energy production in small communities in terms of their flue gas emissions and toxicological properties of the emissions. In this study, two different size classes of boilers were examined and the use of fossil fuel oils was compared against wood fuels. The lowest PM1 emission, 0.1 mg MJ-1, was observed from small-scale light fuel oil combustion. In medium-scale wood combustion, PM1 emission values from a grate fired wood combustion boiler (10 MW) without particulate filtration were the highest (264 mg MJ-1) but were substantially reduced down to 0.6 mg MJ-1 due to the usage of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The wood combustion particles were mainly formed of potassium salts. In light fuel oil combustion, one of the main components in the particles was sulphate whereas in heavy fuel oil combustion also significant amounts of V and Ni were emitted. Pellet combustion produced the lowest PAH emissions. Overall, oil combustion produced higher amount of PAHs than wood combustion. This was indicated also as a higher cytotoxicity of the oil combustion samples when compared to those from wood combustion in the corresponding scale of boilers. However, when calculated on an equal mass basis, the particles collected after ESP were even more cytotoxic which can be explained by the altered chemical characteristics of the emissions in the ESP. Due to the variation in the emissions and in the toxicity of the emissions, we propose that in the long term, not only the emission levels but also the toxicity of the emissions should be taken into account in the regulations of the emission limits of the combustion plants.

Prospects for using peat and products of its processing in municipal power engineering in rural and remote areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medvedeva, E. A.; Zhenikhov, Yu. N.; Urvantsev, I. V.; Tsyba, V. E.

2017-06-01

This article presents a detailed analysis of the economic efficiency of peat utilization for generating electricity and heat in Russian rural areas and decentralized power consumption areas on the basis of the comparison of power tariffs (prices) and full costs of peat-based electricity and heat production. The research was performed using the model-information complex detailed with respect to municipal areas and major peat deposits that was developed at the Energy Institute, National Research University Higher School of Economics. It is shown that the firing of lignin helium fuel (LHF) granules that are made from peat extracted by the excavating method according to the new, patented technology is considered most efficient. In nongasified areas, the total cost of heat power that is generated in new boiler houses on the basis of LHF granules is often lower than the total heat cost for the gasification of the area and construction of gas boiler houses. In some cases, the heat cost in gasified areas is lower when using a boiler house based on LHF granules than that provided by the conversion of a boiler house to gas fuel. It is also shown that the construction of peat-based heat sources with the overall power of up to 27600 GJ/h that generate a heat power of up to 167.5 million GJ/year will be economically efficient in the coming years, provided that the tariffs for energy sources remain the same. Taking into account the supportive measures that were accepted on a legislative basis in July 2016, sources with the total power of up to 70 GW may be effective for peat-based plants with combined heat-andpower generation. To stimulate the utilization of peat in decentralized power consumption areas and rural areas located in the vicinity of deposits of this fuel type, it is also suggested to make amendments in the normative legal base.

Demonstration of Mer-Cure Technology for Enhanced Mercury Control

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

John Marion; Dave O'Neill; Kevin Taugher

2008-06-01

Alstom Power Inc. has completed a DOE/NETL-sponsored program (under DOE Cooperative Agreement No. De-FC26-07NT42776) to demonstrate Mer-Cure{trademark}, one of Alstom's mercury control technologies for coal-fired boilers. The Mer-Cure{trademark}system utilizes a small amount of Mer-Clean{trademark} sorbent that is injected into the flue gas stream for oxidation and adsorption of gaseous mercury. Mer-Clean{trademark} sorbents are carbon-based and prepared with chemical additives that promote oxidation and capture of mercury. The Mer-Cure{trademark} system is unique in that the sorbent is injected into an environment where the mercury capture kinetics is accelerated. The full-scale demonstration program originally included test campaigns at two host sites: LCRA's 480-MW{sub e} Fayette Unit No.3 and Reliant Energy's 190-MW{sub e} Shawville Unit No.3. The only demonstration tests actually done were the short-term tests at LCRA due to budget constraints. This report gives a summary of the demonstration testing at Fayette Unit No.3. The goals for this Mercury Round 3 program, established by DOE/NETL under the original solicitation, were to reduce the uncontrolled mercury emissions by 90% at a cost significantly less than 50% of the previous target ofmore » $$60,000/lb mercury removed. The results indicated that Mer-Cure{trademark} technology could achieve mercury removal of 90% based on uncontrolled stack emissions. The estimated costs for 90% mercury control, at a sorbent cost of $$0.75 to $2.00/lb respectively, were $13,400 to $18,700/lb Hg removed. In summary, the results from demonstration testing show that the goals established by DOE/NETL were met during this test program. The goal of 90% mercury reduction was achieved. Estimated mercury removal costs were 69-78% lower than the benchmark of $60,000/lb mercury removed, significantly less than 50% of the baseline removal cost.« less

Identifying/Quantifying Environmental Trade-offs Inherent in GHG Reduction Strategies for Coal-Fired Power.

PubMed

Schivley, Greg; Ingwersen, Wesley W; Marriott, Joe; Hawkins, Troy R; Skone, Timothy J

2015-07-07

Improvements to coal power plant technology and the cofired combustion of biomass promise direct greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for existing coal-fired power plants. Questions remain as to what the reduction potentials are from a life cycle perspective and if it will result in unintended increases in impacts to air and water quality and human health. This study provides a unique analysis of the potential environmental impact reductions from upgrading existing subcritical pulverized coal power plants to increase their efficiency, improving environmental controls, cofiring biomass, and exporting steam for industrial use. The climate impacts are examined in both a traditional-100 year GWP-method and a time series analysis that accounts for emission and uptake timing over the life of the power plant. Compared to fleet average pulverized bed boilers (33% efficiency), we find that circulating fluidized bed boilers (39% efficiency) may provide GHG reductions of about 13% when using 100% coal and reductions of about 20-37% when cofiring with 30% biomass. Additional greenhouse gas reductions from combined heat and power are minimal if the steam coproduct displaces steam from an efficient natural gas boiler. These upgrades and cofiring biomass can also reduce other life cycle impacts, although there may be increased impacts to water quality (eutrophication) when using biomass from an intensely cultivated source. Climate change impacts are sensitive to the timing of emissions and carbon sequestration as well as the time horizon over which impacts are considered, particularly for long growth woody biomass.

Simulation study on the maximum continuous working condition of a power plant boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ning; Han, Jiting; Sun, Haitian; Cheng, Jiwei; Jing, Ying'ai; Li, Wenbo

2018-05-01

First of all, the boiler is briefly introduced to determine the mathematical model and the boundary conditions, then the boiler under the BMCR condition numerical simulation study, and then the BMCR operating temperature field analysis. According to the boiler actual test results and the hot BMCR condition boiler output test results, the simulation results are verified. The main conclusions are as follows: the position and size of the inscribed circle in the furnace and the furnace temperature distribution and test results under different elevation are compared and verified; Accuracy of numerical simulation results.

13. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Engine and boiler house, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Engine and boiler house, ca. 1881. Locomotive-type, fire-tube, portable boiler, no. I model. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. 120 lbs./sq. in. working pressure, 66 sq. ft. heating surface in tubes. View: Historical view, 1934, from T.T. Waterman Collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. View shows engine and boiler house structure intact. The water and pressure gauge to the right of the boiler are in more complete condition than in 1978 views. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Recovery Act: Oxy-Combustion Techology Development for Industrial-Scale Boiler Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levasseur, Armand

2014-04-30

Alstom Power Inc. (Alstom), under U.S. DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NT0005290, is conducting a development program to generate detailed technical information needed for application of oxy-combustion technology. The program is designed to provide the necessary information and understanding for the next step of large-scale commercial demonstration of oxy combustion in tangentially fired boilers and to accelerate the commercialization of this technology. The main project objectives include: • Design and develop an innovative oxyfuel system for existing tangentially-fired boiler units that minimizes overall capital investment and operating costs. • Evaluate performance of oxyfuel tangentially fired boiler systems in pilot scale testsmore » at Alstom’s 15 MWth tangentially fired Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF). • Address technical gaps for the design of oxyfuel commercial utility boilers by focused testing and improvement of engineering and simulation tools. • Develop the design, performance and costs for a demonstration scale oxyfuel boiler and auxiliary systems. • Develop the design and costs for both industrial and utility commercial scale reference oxyfuel boilers and auxiliary systems that are optimized for overall plant performance and cost. • Define key design considerations and develop general guidelines for application of results to utility and different industrial applications. The project was initiated in October 2008 and the scope extended in 2010 under an ARRA award. The project completion date was April 30, 2014. Central to the project is 15 MWth testing in the BSF, which provided in-depth understanding of oxy-combustion under boiler conditions, detailed data for improvement of design tools, and key information for application to commercial scale oxy-fired boiler design. Eight comprehensive 15 MWth oxy-fired test campaigns were performed with different coals, providing detailed data on combustion, emissions, and thermal behavior over a matrix of fuels, oxyprocess variables and boiler design parameters. Significant improvement of CFD modeling tools and validation against 15 MWth experimental data has been completed. Oxy-boiler demonstration and large reference designs have been developed, supported with the information and knowledge gained from the 15 MWth testing. The results from the 15 MWth testing in the BSF and complimentary bench-scale testing are addressed in this volume (Volume II) of the final report. The results of the modeling efforts (Volume III) and the oxy boiler design efforts (Volume IV) are reported in separate volumes.« less

Looking northeast across transfer table pit at Boiler Shop (Bldg. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking northeast across transfer table pit at Boiler Shop (Bldg. 152) - Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad, Albuquerque Shops, Boiler Shop, 908 Second Street, Southwest, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM

10 CFR 431.86 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial packaged boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Boiler That is Capable of Supplying Either Steam or Hot Water—(A) Testing. For purposes of EPCA, before... supplying either steam or hot water either by testing the boiler in the steam mode or by testing it in both... supplying either steam or hot water either by testing the boiler for both efficiencies in steam mode, or by...

Preparing Technical Requirements for Third Party Contracting of Army Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec 9 Welding and Brazing Qualifications B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged...Control Terminology for Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code B40.1...American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME) 125 Boilers and Pressure Vessels Code (ASTM) B31 Power

46 CFR 53.05-1 - Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401). 53.05-1 Section 53.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-1 Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-2 - Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2). 53.05-2 Section 53.05-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-2 Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-2 - Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2). 53.05-2 Section 53.05-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-2 Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-2 - Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2). 53.05-2 Section 53.05-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-2 Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-1 - Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401). 53.05-1 Section 53.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-1 Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-1 - Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401). 53.05-1 Section 53.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-1 Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-1 - Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401). 53.05-1 Section 53.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-1 Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-2 - Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2). 53.05-2 Section 53.05-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-2 Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG...

High Efficiency - Reduced Emissions Boiler Systems for Steam, Heat, and Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

obtaining Energy Star certification for the whole boiler system. Widespread boiler control updates could be possible by mandating their adoption and...Measurements of O2 and NOx are obtained by means of automotive grade yttria-stabilized zirconia sensors. This solution combines good sensitivity at...boiler and oil/gas burner configurations, extensibility to operation with nonconventional fuels (e.g. biogas and syngas). Applicability of the

26. VIEW OF SOUTHERN PORTION OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. VIEW OF SOUTHERN PORTION OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING EAST AT BOILER 904. BOILER 904 WAS MANUFACTURED BY RILEY STOKER AND INSTALLED IN 1944. ORIGINALLY FUELED BY PULVERIZED COAL, IT WAS CONVERTED TO GAS/OIL OPERATION IN 1978 AND OPERATED UNTIL THE PLANT CLOSED. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

27. VIEW OF SOUTHERN PORTION OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. VIEW OF SOUTHERN PORTION OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING EAST AT UPPER PORTION BOILER 904. BOILER 904 WAS MANUFACTURED BY RILEY STOKER AND INSTALLED IN 1944. ORIGINALLY FUELED BY PULVERIZED COAL, IT WAS CONVERTED TO GAS/OIL OPERATION IN 1978 AND OPERATED UNTIL THE PLANT CLOSED. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

46 CFR 53.05-2 - Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG-400.2). 53.05-2 Section 53.05-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Pressure Relieving Devices (Article 4) § 53.05-2 Relief valve requirements for hot water boilers (modifies HG...

46 CFR 53.05-1 - Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Safety valve requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG... requirements for steam boilers (modifies HG-400 and HG-401). (a) The pressure relief valve requirements and the safety valve requirements for steam boilers must be as indicated in HG-400 and HG-401 of section IV of...

[Effect of heat transfer in the packages on the stability of thiamine nitrate under uncontrolled temperature conditions].

PubMed

Nakamura, Toru; Yamaji, Takayuki; Takayama, Kozo

2013-01-01

To accurately predict the stability of thiamine nitrate as a model drug in pharmaceutical products under uncontrolled temperature conditions, the average reaction rate constant was determined, taking into account the heat transfer from the atmosphere to the product. The stability tests of thiamine nitrate in the three packages with different heat transfers were performed under non-isothermal conditions. The stability data observed were compared with the predictions based on a newly developed method, showing that the stability was well predicted by the method involving the heat transfer. By contrast, there were some deviations observed from the predicted data, without considering heat transfer in the packages with low heat transfer. The above-mentioned result clearly shows that heat transfer should be considered to ensure accurate prediction of the stability of commercial pharmaceutical products under non-isothermal atmospheres.

Study of connected system of automatic control of load and operation efficiency of a steam boiler with extremal controller on a simulation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabanin, V. R.; Starostin, A. A.; Repin, A. I.; Popov, A. I.

2017-02-01

The problems of operation effectiveness increase of steam boilers are considered. To maintain the optimum fuel combustion modes, it is proposed to use an extremal controller (EC) determining the value of airflow rate, at which the boiler generating the desired amount of heat will consume a minimum amount of fuel. EC sets the determined value of airflow rate to airflow rate controller (ARC). The test results of numerical simulation dynamic nonlinear model of steam boiler with the connected system of automatic control of load and combustion efficiency using EC are presented. The model is created in the Simulink modeling package of MATLAB software and can be used to optimize the combustion modes. Based on the modeling results, the conclusion was drawn about the possibility in principle of simultaneously boiler load control and optimizing by EC the combustion modes when changing the fuel combustion heat and the boiler characteristics and its operating mode. It is shown that it is possible to automatically control the operation efficiency of steam boilers when using EC without applying the standard flue gas analyzers. The article considers the numerical simulation dynamic model of steam boiler with the schemes of control of fuel consumption and airflow rate, the steam pressure and EC; the purpose of using EC in the scheme with linear controllers and the requirements to the quality of its operation; the results of operation of boiler control schemes without EC with estimation of influence of roughness of thermal mode maps on the nature of static and dynamic connection of the control units of fuel consumption and airflow rate; the phase trajectories and the diagrams of transient processes occurring in the control scheme with EC with stepped changing the fuel quality and boiler characteristics; analysis of modeling results and prospects for using EC in the control schemes of boilers.

Combustion of bark and wood waste in the fluidized bed boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pleshanov, K. A.; Ionkin, I. L.; Roslyakov, P. V.; Maslov, R. S.; Ragutkin, A. V.; Kondrat'eva, O. E.

2016-11-01

In the Energy Development Strategy of Russia for the Period until 2035, special attention is paid to increased use of local fuel kinds—one of which is biofuel, in particular, bark and wood waste (BWW)— whose application at thermal power plants in Russia has been not developed due to the lack of appropriate technologies mastered by domestic energy mechanical engineering. The article describes the experience of BWW combustion in fluidized bed boilers installed on the energy objects of northern European countries. Based on this, reference points were defined (it is the section of boiler air-gas path where initially the approximate temperatures are set), making it possible to carry out a thermal design of a boiler and ensure its operation reliability. Permissible gas temperature at the furnace outlet at BWW combustion amounted to 950-1000°C. Exit gas temperature, depending on the implementation of special measures on protection of air heater from corrosion, amounted to 140-190°C. Recommended hot air temperature is within the range of 200-250°C. Recommendations for determining the boiler furnace dimensions are presented. Based on the presented reference temperatures in the main reference points, the thermal design of hot water boiler of KV-F-116-150 type with 116 MW capacity was carried out. The analysis of the results and comparison of designed boiler characteristics with operating energy boilers, in which a fuel is burned in a fluidized bed, were carried out. It is shown that, with increasing the boiler capacity, the ratio of its heating power Q to the crosssectional area of furnace chamber F rises. For power-generating boiler of thermal capacity of 100 MW, the ratio is within 1.8-2.2MW/m2. The boiler efficiency exceeds 90% in the range of changes of exit gas temperature typical for such equipment.

View of the rear of the electrical department & boiler ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of the rear of the electrical department & boiler house, behind the upper shops - Johnson Steel Street Rail Company, Electrical Department & Boiler House, 525 Central Avenue, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Boiler Shop (Bldg. 152) 150ton Morgan bridge crane, looking west ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Boiler Shop (Bldg. 152) 150-ton Morgan bridge crane, looking west - Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad, Albuquerque Shops, Boiler Shop, 908 Second Street, Southwest, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM

Boiler Shop (Bldg. 152) 150ton Morgan bridge crane, looking east ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Boiler Shop (Bldg. 152) 150-ton Morgan bridge crane, looking east - Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad, Albuquerque Shops, Boiler Shop, 908 Second Street, Southwest, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM

Looking south at a chemical mixing tank for boiler feedwater. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking south at a chemical mixing tank for boiler feedwater. - Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation, Allenport Works, Boiler House, Route 88 on West bank of Monongahela River, Allenport, Washington County, PA

Program to Train Boiler Operators Developed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chemical and Engineering News, 1978

1978-01-01

This program initiated by Nalco Chemical, a major supplier of chemicals for boiler feedwater treatment, uses texts, audiovisual aids, and hands-on experience and is designed to boost the efficiency of boiler operators. (BB)

Looking north at the stokers for boilers numbers 1 through ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking north at the stokers for boilers numbers 1 through 4. - Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation, Allenport Works, Boiler House, Route 88 on West bank of Monongahela River, Allenport, Washington County, PA

9. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Locomotivetype, firetube, portable boiler, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Locomotive-type, fire-tube, portable boiler, No. 1 model. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. 120 lbs/sq. inch working pressure, 66 sq. ft. heating surface in tubes. View: from side. The boiler provided steam for steam engine which in turn powered the mill's centrifugals. The section on the left side included the firebox with its surrounding water-legs. The fluted chimney-type structure is the steam port, safety valve, and whistle. Column projecting from side was part of steam pressure and water gauge. Pipe running above boiler carried steam to the engine. Pipe running below boiler provided the boiler feed-water. Cylindrical section included 22 fire-tube surrounded by water. The far right ... - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

46 CFR 53.01-3 - Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 53.01-3 Section 53.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-3 Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Heating...

46 CFR 53.01-3 - Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 53.01-3 Section 53.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-3 Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Heating...

46 CFR 52.01-2 - Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 52.01-2 Section 52.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-2 Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Main power...

46 CFR 52.01-2 - Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 52.01-2 Section 52.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-2 Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Main power...

46 CFR 53.01-3 - Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 53.01-3 Section 53.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-3 Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Heating...

46 CFR 52.01-2 - Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 52.01-2 Section 52.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-2 Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Main power...

46 CFR 53.01-3 - Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 53.01-3 Section 53.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-3 Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Heating...

46 CFR 52.01-2 - Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 52.01-2 Section 52.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-2 Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Main power...

46 CFR 52.01-2 - Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 52.01-2 Section 52.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-2 Adoption of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Main power...

46 CFR 53.01-3 - Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 53.01-3 Section 53.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-3 Adoption of section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (a) Heating...

Experimental Investigations of the Energy and Environmental Indices of Operation of a Low-Capacity Combined Gas Producer and Hot-Water Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bodnar, L. A.; Stepanov, D. V.; Dovgal‧, A. N.

2015-07-01

It has been shown that the introduction of combined gas producers and boilers on renewable energy sources is a pressing issue. A structural diagram of a low-capacity combined gas producer and boiler on renewable energy sources has been given; a bench and procedures for investigation and processing of results have been developed. Experimental investigations of the energy and environmental indices of a 40-kW combined gas producer and hotwater boiler burning wood have been carried out. Results of the experimental investigations have been analyzed. Distinctive features have been established and a procedure of thermal calculation of the double furnace of a lowcapacity combined gas producer and boiler burning solid fuel has been proposed. The calculated coefficients of heat transfer from the gases in the convection bank have been compared with the obtained experimental results. A calculation dependence for the heat transfer from the gases in convection banks of low-capacity hot-water boilers has been proposed. The quantities of harmful emissions from the combined gas producer and boiler on renewable energy sources have been compared with the existing Ukrainian and foreign standards. It has been established that the environmental efficiency of the boiler under study complies with most of the standard requirements of European countries.

[Emission characteristics of PM10 from coal-fired industrial boiler].

PubMed

Li, Chao; Li, Xing-Hua; Duan, Lei; Zhao, Meng; Duan, Jing-Chun; Hao, Ji-Ming

2009-03-15

Through ELPI (electrical low-pressure impactor) based dilution sampling system, the emission characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 was studied experimentally at the inlet and outlet of dust catchers at eight different coal-fired industrial boilers. Results showed that a peak existed at around 0.12-0.20 microm of particle size for both number size distribution and mass size distribution of PM10 emitted from most of the boilers. Chemical composition analysis indicated that PM2.5 was largely composed of organic carbon, elementary carbon, and sulfate, with mass fraction of 3.7%-21.4%, 4.2%-24.6%, and 1.5%-55.2% respectively. Emission factors of PM10 and PM2.5 measured were 0.13-0.65 kg x t(-1) and 0.08-0.49 kg x t(-1) respectively for grate boiler using raw coal, and 0.24 kg x t(-1) and 0.22 kg x t(-1) for chain-grate boiler using briquette. In comparison, the PM2.5 emission factor of fluidized bed boiler is 1.14 kg x t(-1), much her than that of grate boiler. Due to high coal consumption and low efficiency of dust separator, coal-fired industrial boiler may become the most important source of PM10, and should be preferentially controlled in China.

Final technical report. In-situ FT-IR monitoring of a black liquor recovery boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James Markham; Joseph Cosgrove; David Marran

1999-05-31

This project developed and tested advanced Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instruments for process monitoring of black liquor recovery boilers. The state-of-the-art FT-IR instruments successfully operated in the harsh environment of a black liquor recovery boiler and provided a wealth of real-time process information. Concentrations of multiple gas species were simultaneously monitored in-situ across the combustion flow of the boiler and extractively at the stack. Sensitivity to changes of particulate fume and carryover levels in the process flow were also demonstrated. Boiler set-up and operation is a complex balance of conditions that influence the chemical and physical processes in the combustionmore » flow. Operating parameters include black liquor flow rate, liquor temperature, nozzle pressure, primary air, secondary air, tertiary air, boiler excess oxygen and others. The in-process information provided by the FT-IR monitors can be used as a boiler control tool since species indicative of combustion efficiency (carbon monoxide, methane) and pollutant emissions (sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid and fume) were monitored in real-time and observed to fluctuate as operating conditions were varied. A high priority need of the U.S. industrial boiler market is improved measurement and control technology. The sensor technology demonstrated in this project is applicable to the need of industry.« less

Techno-economic analysis of wood biomass boilers for the greenhouse industry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chau, J.; Sowlati, T.; Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine

2009-01-01

The objective of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis on a typical wood pellet and wood residue boiler for generation of heat to an average-sized greenhouse in British Columbia. The variables analyzed included greenhouse size and structure, boiler efficiency, fuel types, and source of carbon dioxide (CO2) for crop fertilization. The net present value (NPV) show that installing a wood pellet or a wood residue boiler to provide 40% of the annual heat demand is more economical than using a natural gas boiler to provide all the heat at a discount rate of 10%. For an assumed lifespanmore » of 25 years, a wood pellet boiler system could generate NPV of C$259,311 without electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and C$74,695 with ESP, respectively. While, installing a wood residue boiler with or without an ESP could provide NPV of C$919,922 or C$1,104,538, respectively. Using a wood biomass boiler could also eliminate over 3000 tonne CO2 equivalents of greenhouse gases annually. Wood biomass combustion generates more particulate matters than natural gas combustion. However, an advanced emission control system could significantly reduce particulate matters emission from wood biomass combustion which would bring the particulate emission to a relatively similar level as for natural gas.« less

Study of flue-gas temperature difference in supercritical once-through boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Yanchang; Li, Bing; Song, Ang

2018-02-01

The 600 MW coal-fired once-through Boilers with opposed firing at a power plant are found to experience marked temperature variation and even overtemperature on the wall of the heating surface as a result of flue-gas temperature (FGT) variation in the boiler. In this study, operational adjustments were made to the pulverizing, combustion, and secondary air box systems in these boilers, in order to solve problems in internal combustion. The adjustments were found to reduce FGT difference and optimize the boiler’ combustion conditions. The results of this study can provide a reference for optimization of coal-fired boiler of the same type in similar conditions.

13. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 55' looking west at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 55' looking west at retired 300 lb. boilers #11, 10, and 9. - Manchester Street Generating Station, Manchester Street Station, 460 Eddy Street, Providence, Providence County, RI

46 CFR 52.01-130 - Installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... that for a cylindrical part of a boiler or a knuckle in the casing of a water-tube boiler, these... as necessary to prevent oil draining into the bilges. (c) Boiler uptakes. (1) Where dampers are...

Looking south at the ash disposal hoppers for boilers numbers ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking south at the ash disposal hoppers for boilers numbers 1 through 6. - Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation, Allenport Works, Boiler House, Route 88 on West bank of Monongahela River, Allenport, Washington County, PA

Evaluation of iron aluminide weld overlays for erosion - corrosion resistant boiler tube coatings in low NO{sub x} boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DuPont, J.N.; Banovic, S.W.; Marder, A.R.

1996-08-01

Low NOx burners are being installed in many fossil fired power plants in order to comply with new Clean Air Regulations. Due to the operating characteristics of these burners, boiler tube sulfidation corrosion is often enhanced and premature tube failures can occur. Failures due to oxidation and solid particle erosion are also a concern. A program was initiated in early 1996 to evaluate the use of iron aluminide weld overlays for erosion/corrosion protection of boiler tubes in Low NOx boilers. Composite iron/aluminum wires will be used with the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process to prepare overlays on boiler tubesmore » steels with aluminum contents from 8 to 16wt%. The weldability of the composite wires will be evaluated as a function of chemical composition and welding parameters. The effect of overlay composition on corrosion (oxidation and sulfidation) and solid particle erosion will also be evaluated. The laboratory studies will be complemented by field exposures of both iron aluminide weld overlays and co-extruded tubing under actual boiler conditions.« less

32. VIEW OF BASEMENT BELOW BOILER 904 LOOKING SOUTHEAST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. VIEW OF BASEMENT BELOW BOILER 904 LOOKING SOUTHEAST AT TURBINE DRIVEN FORCED DRAFT FAN FOR BOILER 904. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

Boiler water regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khavanov, Pavel; Chulenyov, Anatoly

2017-10-01

Active development of autonomous heating the past 25 years has led to the widespread use of hot-water boilers of small capacity up to 2.5 MW. Rational use of the design of autonomous sources of heating boilers design features significantly improve their technical, economic and operational performance. This publication reviewed and analyzed a number of features of the design, operation and exploitation of boilers of small capacity, significantly affecting the efficiency and reliability of their application.

Forced-flow once-through boilers. [structural design criteria/aerospace environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, J. R.; Gray, V. H.; Gutierrez, O. A.

1975-01-01

A compilation and review of NASA-sponsored research on boilers for use in spacecraft electrical power generation systems is presented. Emphasis is on the heat-transfer and fluid-flow problems. In addition to space applications, much of the boiler technology is applicable to terrestrial and marine uses such as vehicular power, electrical power generation, vapor generation, and heating and cooling. Related research areas are discussed such as condensation, cavitation, line and boiler dynamics, the SNAP-8 project (Mercury-Rankine cycle), and conventional terrestrial boilers (either supercritical or gravity-assisted liquid-vapor separation types). The research effort was directed at developing the technology for once-through compact boilers with high heat fluxes to generate dry vapor stably, without utilizing gravity for phase separations. A background section that discusses, tutorially, the complex aspects of the boiling process is presented. Discussions of tests on alkali metals are interspersed with those on water and other fluids on a phenomenological basis.

Lack of control of hypertension in primary cardiovascular disease prevention in Europe: Results from the EURIKA study.

PubMed

Borghi, Claudio; Tubach, Florence; De Backer, Guy; Dallongeville, Jean; Guallar, Eliseo; Medina, Jesús; Perk, Joep; Roy, Carine; Banegas, José R; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Halcox, Julian P

2016-09-01

The prevalence of and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension and apparent resistant hypertension were assessed in the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA; NCT00882336). EURIKA was a cross-sectional observational study including patients being treated for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 12 European countries. Patients were assessed if they were being treated for hypertension (N=5220). Blood pressure control was defined according to European guidelines, with sensitivity analysis taking account of patients' age and diabetes status. Associated factors were assessed using multivariate analysis. In the primary analysis, a total of 2691 patients (51.6%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of having uncontrolled hypertension included female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93-2.73), body mass index (BMI; OR per kg/m(2): 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and geographic location. A total of 749 patients (14.3%) had apparent resistant hypertension. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of having apparent resistant hypertension included BMI (OR per kg/m(2): 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04-1.08), diabetes (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.53), use of statins (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.15-1.62), serum uric acid levels (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.09-1.23), and geographic location. Similar results were seen in sensitivity analyses. Over 50% of patients treated for hypertension continued to have uncontrolled blood pressure and 14.3% had apparent resistant hypertension. Positive associations were seen with other cardiovascular risk factors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Consequences of uncontrolled cooling during sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm cryopreservation on post-thaw motility and fertilizing ability.

PubMed

Horokhovatskyi, Yevhen; Rodina, Marek; Asyabar, Hadiseh Dadras; Boryshpolets, Sergii; Dzyuba, Borys

2017-06-01

The significant influence of the number and position of fish sperm sample straws in uncontrolled cooling devices on post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, such as motility and fertilizing ability, is presented in this study. The two most popular uncontrolled cooling devices were used in this study: a Styrofoam box setup with a polystyrene floating raft on liquid nitrogen and the dry shipper setup with a straw holder. We tested the effect of different quantities of straws (6 or 60) placed on the polystyrene floating raft and the position of the straws in the holder (on the periphery or in the centre). Using these cooling methods, sperm of 10 male sterlets diluted with methanol containing cryoprotective medium was frozen. All temperature changes were recorded by a thermocouple inside the straw, and the thermogram intervals were analysed. Spermatozoa motility was evaluated by video microscopy with integrated computer-assisted sperm analysis software. Fertilization trials were conducted at a 10 5 spermatozoa/egg ratio. Post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, including the percent of motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity, velocity according to the smoothed path, linearity of track, beat-cross frequency and fertilization rate, were significantly decreased in the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to all of the other cooling methods. The freezing rate between -10 °C and -30 °C was significantly decreased by up to 18.6 ± 0.61 °C/min for the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to the other freezing conditions. Considering the above results, efforts to standardize cryopreservation protocols using uncontrolled cooling devices should take into account the amount of straws subjected to freezing. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Fracture analysis of tube boiler for physical explosion accident.

PubMed

Kim, Eui Soo

2017-09-01

Material and failure analysis techniques are key tools for determining causation in case of explosive and bursting accident result from material and process defect of product in the field of forensic science. The boiler rupture generated by defect of the welding division, corrosion, overheating and degradation of the material have devastating power. If weak division of boiler burner is fractured by internal pressure, saturated vapor and water is vaporized suddenly. At that time, volume of the saturated vapor and water increases up to thousands of volume. This failure of boiler burner can lead to a fatal disaster. In order to prevent an explosion and of the boiler, it is critical to introduce a systematic investigation and prevention measures in advance. In this research, the cause of boiler failure is investigated through forensic engineering method. Specifically, the failure mechanism will be identified by fractography using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and Optical Microscopes (OM) and mechanical characterizations. This paper presents a failure analysis of household welding joints for the water tank of a household boiler burner. Visual inspection was performed to find out the characteristics of the fracture of the as-received material. Also, the micro-structural changes such as grain growth and carbide coarsening were examined by optical microscope. Detailed studies of fracture surfaces were made to find out the crack propagation on the weld joint of a boiler burner. It was concluded that the rupture may be caused by overheating induced by insufficient water on the boiler, and it could be accelerated by the metal temperature increase. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Boiler for generating high quality vapor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gray, V. H.; Marto, P. J.; Joslyn, A. W.

1972-01-01

Boiler supplies vapor for use in turbines by imparting a high angular velocity to the liquid annulus in heated rotating drum. Drum boiler provides a sharp interface between boiling liquid and vapor, thereby, inhibiting the formation of unwanted liquid droplets.

4. STEAM PLANT MARINE BOILERS WEST OF STEAM PLANT AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. STEAM PLANT MARINE BOILERS WEST OF STEAM PLANT AND SOUTH OF ORIGINAL STEAM PLANT BOILERS, FROM SOUTH. November 13, 1990 - Crosscut Steam Plant, North side Salt River near Mill Avenue & Washington Street, Tempe, Maricopa County, AZ

38. Photocopy of photograph. STEEL PLANT, BOILERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. Photocopy of photograph. STEEL PLANT, BOILERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN BOILER PLANT LOCATED EAST OF MAIN STEEL PLANT, 1909. (From the Bethlehem Steel Corporation collection, Seattle, WA) - Irondale Iron & Steel Plant, Port Townsend, Jefferson County, WA

MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTION ASSESSMENT: FOSSIL FUEL CO-FIRING

EPA Science Inventory

The report identifies refuse derived fuel (RDF) processing operations and various RDF types; describes such fossil fuel co-firing techniques as coal fired spreader stokers, pulverized coal wall fired boilers, pulverized coal tangentially fired boilers, and cyclone fired boilers; ...

Experience of implementation of in-furnace methods of decreasing NO x in E-320-13.8-560GM boilers: Problems and ways for their solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tugov, A. N.; Supranov, V. M.; Izyumov, M. A.; Vereshchetin, V. A.; Usman, Yu. M.; Natal'in, A. S.

2017-12-01

During natural gas combustion, the content of nitrogen oxides in combustion products is approximately 450 mg/m3 in many E-320-13.8-560GM boilers in service, which is more than 3.5 times higher than the established maximum NO x concentrations in flue gases for such boilers. Estimates according to the existing techniques have shown that gas combustion on the basis of in-furnace techniques (the feeding of combustion products to burners together with air in the volume of 15% and two-stage combustion with 20% air feeding through the nozzles upstream of the burners) enables one to decrease NO x emissions to the level of concentrations of less than 100 mg/m3, which is lower than the maximum allowable values. However, the application of any of the proposed measures with respect to a boiler makes its operation under normal load significantly difficult, since the thermal capacity of the superheater is higher in both cases, which leads to an increase in the temperature of superheated steam above the maximum allowable temperature. On the basis of the developed adapted boiler model, which was created using the Boiler Designer software, we performed numerical studies to determine the required boiler reconstruction volume; the implementation of this reconstruction will provide reliable boiler operation at all working loads and ensure the normative values of NO x emissions. According to the results of thermal calculations, it was proposed to reduce the surface of the cold stage of the superheater circuit and increase the size of the economizer. It is noted that the implementation of environmental protection measures usually decreases the boiler efficiency. At the same time, it has been established that the technical and economic performance of the E-320-13.8-560GM boiler does not decrease owing to an increase in the economizer surface and a decrease in air inflows and overflows in regenerative air heaters and remains at the same level if the air inflow volume decreases from the available 30 to 20%. The fundamental solutions that were used for the E-320-13.8-560GM boiler to decrease NO x emissions can also be used for other BKZ gas-and-oil-fired boilers.

A Refrigerated Web Camera for Photogrammetric Video Measurement inside Biomass Boilers and Combustion Analysis

PubMed Central

Porteiro, Jacobo; Riveiro, Belén; Granada, Enrique; Armesto, Julia; Eguía, Pablo; Collazo, Joaquín

2011-01-01

This paper describes a prototype instrumentation system for photogrammetric measuring of bed and ash layers, as well as for flying particle detection and pursuit using a single device (CCD) web camera. The system was designed to obtain images of the combustion process in the interior of a domestic boiler. It includes a cooling system, needed because of the high temperatures in the combustion chamber of the boiler. The cooling system was designed using CFD simulations to ensure effectiveness. This method allows more complete and real-time monitoring of the combustion process taking place inside a boiler. The information gained from this system may facilitate the optimisation of boiler processes. PMID:22319349

Influence of burner form and pellet type on domestic pellet boiler performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rastvorov, D. V.; Osintsev, K. V.; Toropov, E. V.

2017-10-01

The study presents combustion and emission results obtained using two serial pellet boilers of the same heating capacity 40 kW. These boilers have been designed by producers for domestic conditions of exploitation. The principal difference between boilers was the type of the burner. The study concerns the efficiency and ecological performance difference between burners of circular and rectangular forms. The features of the combustion process in both types of burners were studied when boiler operated with different sorts of pellets. The results suggest that the burner of circular form excels the rectangular form burner. However, there is some difference of NOx emission between circular and rectangular burners.

A refrigerated web camera for photogrammetric video measurement inside biomass boilers and combustion analysis.

PubMed

Porteiro, Jacobo; Riveiro, Belén; Granada, Enrique; Armesto, Julia; Eguía, Pablo; Collazo, Joaquín

2011-01-01

This paper describes a prototype instrumentation system for photogrammetric measuring of bed and ash layers, as well as for flying particle detection and pursuit using a single device (CCD) web camera. The system was designed to obtain images of the combustion process in the interior of a domestic boiler. It includes a cooling system, needed because of the high temperatures in the combustion chamber of the boiler. The cooling system was designed using CFD simulations to ensure effectiveness. This method allows more complete and real-time monitoring of the combustion process taking place inside a boiler. The information gained from this system may facilitate the optimisation of boiler processes.

Modeling the burnout of solid polydisperse fuel under the conditions of external heat transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skorik, I. A.; Goldobin, Yu. M.; Tolmachev, E. M.; Gal'perin, L. G.

2013-11-01

A self-similar burnout mode of solid polydisperse fuel is considered taking into consideration heat transfer between fuel particles, gases, and combustion chamber walls. A polydisperse composition of fuel is taken into account by introducing particle distribution functions by radiuses obtained for the kinetic and diffusion combustion modes. Equations for calculating the temperatures of particles and gases are presented, which are written for particles average with respect to their distribution functions by radiuses taking into account the fuel burnout ratio. The proposed equations take into consideration the influence of fuel composition, air excess factor, and gas recirculation ratio. Calculated graphs depicting the variation of particle and gas temperatures, and the fuel burnout ratio are presented for an anthracite-fired boiler.

34. (Credit JTL) Front (north side) of three water tube ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. (Credit JTL) Front (north side) of three water tube boilers built by the Heine Safety Boiler Co. of St. Louis, Missouri in 1917; rebuilt in 1938. Front doors opened on center boiler to show water header and inspection plugs for water tubes. Smaller doors beneath open into firebox; boilers presently equipped for gas firing. Operating pressure approx. 150 psi (saturated steam). - McNeil Street Pumping Station, McNeil Street & Cross Bayou, Shreveport, Caddo Parish, LA

Joint Long-Range Energy Study for Greater Fairbanks Military Complex

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-01

be viewed as a two - stage processor of a fuel or feedstock. The feedstock is first gasified using high-temperature plasma heating sys- tems at...Coal-Fired Boilers with New Circulating Fluidized- Bed Boilers (CFBs). EAFB anticipates replacing two current boilers with two new boilers. This...definition to support DD Form 1391 budget level cost estimates for new coal-fired CHPPs at FWA and EAFB and for two new coal-fired CFBs at EAFB • update

Contributions to the use of macrosounds for boiler decrusting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradeteanu, C.

1974-01-01

The results of an investigation indicate the following: (1) The deposition of incrustations on the heating surfaces of steam boilers can be prevented by inserting between heating surface and water an insulating layer on which the boiler incrustation will be deposited. (2) The insulating layer reduces the coefficient of heat transmission by 2%. (3) The insulating layer can be removed by macrosounds with a frequency of about 20 kHz, after any interval of boiler operation.

DESIGN REPORT: LOW-NOX BURNERS FOR PACKAGE BOILERS

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes a low-NOx burner design, presented for residual-oil-fired industrial boilers and boilers cofiring conventional fuels and nitrated hazardous wastes. The burner offers lower NOx emission levels for these applications than conventional commercial burners. The bu...

49 CFR 230.36 - Hydrostatic testing of boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Appurtenances Pressure Testing of Boilers § 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. (a) Time of test. The... to any hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic testing required by these rules shall be conducted at 25... following any hydrostatic test where the pressure exceeds MAWP. ...

46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

Engineering and Design: Adsorption Design Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-03-01

tested, and marked (or stamped) in accordance with the standards of the applicable Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME, 1992), and must incorporate...Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee, Subcommittee on Pressure Vessels, 1992. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , Section VIII, Rules for

36. REDUCTION PLANT CLOSE VIEW OF FURNACE AND BOILER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. REDUCTION PLANT - CLOSE VIEW OF FURNACE AND BOILER Reduction Plant furnace and boiler used to provide heat for drying the fish and fish offal, in their conversion to meal. - Hovden Cannery, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, Monterey County, CA

46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

Optimization and Thermoeconomics Research of a Large Reclaimed Water Source Heat Pump System

PubMed Central

Zhang, Zi-ping; Du, Fang-hui

2013-01-01

This work describes a large reclaimed water source heat pump system (RWSHPS) and elaborates on the composition of the system and its design principles. According to the characteristics of the reclaimed water and taking into account the initial investment, the project is divided into two stages: the first stage adopts distributed heat pump heating system and the second adopts the combination of centralized and decentralized systems. We analyze the heating capacity of the RWSHPS, when the phase II project is completed, the system can provide hydronic heating water with the supply and return water temperature of 55°C/15°C and meet the hydronic heating demand of 8 million square meters of residential buildings. We make a thermal economics analysis by using Thermal Economics theory on RWSHPS and gas boiler system, it is known that the RWSHPS has more advantages, compared with the gas boiler heating system; both its thermal efficiency and economic efficiency are relatively high. It provides a reference for future applications of the RWSHPS. PMID:24089607

The efficiency of the heat pump water heater, during DHW tapping cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gużda, Arkadiusz; Szmolke, Norbert

2017-10-01

This paper discusses one of the most effective systems for domestic hot water (DHW) production based on air-source heat pump with an integrated tank. The operating principle of the heat pump is described in detail. Moreover, there is an account of experimental set-up and results of the measurements. In the experimental part, measurements were conducted with the aim of determining the energy parameters and measures of the economic efficiency related to the presented solution. The measurements that were conducted are based on the tapping cycle that is similar to the recommended one in EN-16147 standard. The efficiency of the air source heat pump during the duration of the experiment was 2.43. In the end of paper, authors conducted a simplified ecological analysis in order to determine the influence of operation of air-source heat pump with integrated tank on the environment. Moreover the compression with the different source of energy (gas boiler with closed combustion chamber and boiler fired by the coal) was conducted. The heat pump is the ecological friendly source of the energy.

Specimen Examinations for Merchant Marine Engineer Licenses (2nd and 3rd Assistant).

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

blue color with evidence of overheating have probably been operated with A. excessive speed. B. improper warm - up . C. extreme misalignment. D. inadequate...the boiler has been blown down or chemicals added. C. when the boiler has been refilled with make- up feed. D. from the highest point in the feed system...An important consideration in the prevention of carry-over in a marine boiler is to A. properly treat the boiler water with hydrazine, B. control the

Analysis of results obtained using the automatic chemical control of the quality of the water heat carrier in the drum boiler of the Ivanovo CHP-3 power plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larin, A. B.; Kolegov, A. V.

2012-10-01

Results of industrial tests of the new method used for the automatic chemical control of the quality of boiler water of the drum-type power boiler ( P d = 13.8 MPa) are described. The possibility of using an H-cationite column for measuring the electric conductivity of an H-cationized sample of boiler water over a long period of time is shown.

36. VIEW OF SOUTH END OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. VIEW OF SOUTH END OF EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING SOUTHWEST. THE CYLINDRICAL TANKS IN THE FOREGROUND CONTAIN AN ION-EXCHANGE RESIN FOR REMOVING CALCIUM FROM THE BOILER FEED TO REDUCE WATER "HARDNESS". THE SHALLOW TANK IN THE RIGHT BACKGROUND IS A DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTER TO REMOVE PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE BOILER FEED. THE ION-EXCHANGE WATER SOFTENING SYSTEM WAS INSTALLED IN 1977. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

16. View into interior steam spaces of boiler above fireboxes ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. View into interior steam spaces of boiler above fireboxes through manhole (see photo VT-14-16 for manhole location). Tops-or crown sheets--of fireboxes show below. Vertical and inclined bars are stays used to hold boiler together and reinforce flat plates under pressure. Note water level used in boilers indicated by scale encrustation on stays. (Threaded stud in extreme foreground belongs to manhole cover opened for purposed of photography.) - Ferry TICONDEROGA, Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

Economic Benefit of Coal Utilization/Conversion at Air Force Bases: Screening Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

fire-tLbe) boilers that are small enough to be shipped by rail. The field-erected units are larger, water- tube boilers. The pulverized coal-fired and...circulating FBC boilers considered are field-erected, water- tube boilers. Pollution control technology costs were considered to a limited extent. All...Coal/H 0 mix (S/MBtu) = 3.00 OPTIONS Cal/oil mix (S/MBtu) 3.50 Soot blower multiplier = 0.0 Tube bank mod multiplier = 1.0 Primary fuel is 1 Bottom ash

New configurations of a heat recovery absorption heat pump integrated with a natural gas boiler for boiler efficiency improvement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qu, Ming; Abdelaziz, Omar; Yin, Hongxi

2014-11-01

Conventional natural gas-fired boilers exhaust flue gas direct to the atmosphere at 150 200 C, which, at such temperatures, contains large amount of energy and results in relatively low thermal efficiency ranging from 70% to 80%. Although condensing boilers for recovering the heat in the flue gas have been developed over the past 40 years, their present market share is still less than 25%. The major reason for this relatively slow acceptance is the limited improvement in the thermal efficiency of condensing boilers. In the condensing boiler, the temperature of the hot water return at the range of 50 60more » C, which is used to cool the flue gas, is very close to the dew point of the water vapor in the flue gas. Therefore, the latent heat, the majority of the waste heat in the flue gas, which is contained in the water vapor, cannot be recovered. This paper presents a new approach to improve boiler thermal efficiency by integrating absorption heat pumps with natural gas boilers for waste heat recovery (HRAHP). Three configurations of HRAHPs are introduced and discussed. The three configurations are modeled in detail to illustrate the significant thermal efficiency improvement they attain. Further, for conceptual proof and validation, an existing hot water-driven absorption chiller is operated as a heat pump at operating conditions similar to one of the devised configurations. An overall system performance and economic analysis are provided for decision-making and as evidence of the potential benefits. These three configurations of HRAHP provide a pathway to achieving realistic high-efficiency natural gas boilers for applications with process fluid return temperatures higher than or close to the dew point of the water vapor in the flue gas.« less

a Study of Using Hydrogen Gas for Steam Boiler in CHOLOR- Alkali Manufacturing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peantong, Sasitorn; Tangjitsitcharoen, Somkiat

2017-06-01

Main products of manufacturing of Cholor - Alkali, which commonly known as industrial chemical, are chlorine gas (Cl2), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). Chorine gas and sodium hydroxide are two main products for commercial profit; where hydrogen gas is by product. Most industries release hydrogen gas to atmosphere as it is non-profitable and less commercial scale. This study aims to make the most use of hydrogen as a substitute energy of natural gas for steam boiler to save energy cost. The second target of this study is to reduce level of CO2 release to air as a consequence of boiler combustion. This study suggests to install boiler that bases on hydrogen as main power with a high turndown ratio of at least 1:6. However, this case study uses boiler with two mode such as natural gas (NG) mode and mixed mode as they need to be flexible for production. Never the less, the best boiler selection is to use single mode energy of hydrogen. The most concerned issue about hydrogen gas is explosion during combustion stage. Stabilization measures at emergency stop is introduced to control H2 pressure to protect the explosion. This study varies ratio of natural gas to hydrogen gas to find the optimal level of two energy sources for boiler and measure total consumption through costing model; where CO2 level is measured at the boiler stack. The result of this study shows that hydrogen gas can be a substitute energy with natural gas and can reduce cost. Natural gas cost saving is 248,846 baht per month and reduce level of NOx is 80 ppm 7% O2 and 2 % of CO2 release to air as a consequence of boiler combustion.

14. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 42'8' looking west at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 42'-8' looking west at distribution headers and coal and oil burners of retired 300 lb. boilers #11, 10, and 9. - Manchester Street Generating Station, Manchester Street Station, 460 Eddy Street, Providence, Providence County, RI

APPLICATION OF REBURNING TO COAL-FIRED INDUSTRIAL BOILERS IN TAIWAN

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives an overview of the characteristics of coal-fired industrial boilers in Taiwan and projections of the cost and performance data for retrofitting several boilers with reburning. The impacts of reburning fuel type on the reburning system design and cost effectivenes...

Comparion of Mercury Emissions Between Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler and Pulverized Coal Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Y. J.; Duan, Y. F.; Zhao, C. S.

Mercury emissions between a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) utility boiler and two pulverized coal (PC) boilers equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESP) were in situ measured and compared. The standard Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) was used to sample the flue gas before and after the ESP. Various mercury speciations such as Hg0, Hg2+ and Hgp in flue gas and total mercury in fly ashes were analyzed. The results showed that the mercury removal rate of the CFB boiler is nearly 100%; the mercury emission in stack is only 0.028 g/h. However, the mercury removal rates of the two PC boilers are 27.56% and 33.59% respectively, the mercury emissions in stack are 0.80 and 51.78 g/h respectively. It concluded that components of the ESP fly ashes especially their unburnt carbons have remarkable influence on mercury capture. Pore configurations of fine fly ash particles have non-ignored impacts on mercury emissions.

Explosion in boiler closes Arkansas utility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-08-23

A major boiler explosion Aug. 11 that seriously injured one worker at the Independence Unit 2 coal-fired powerplant in Newark, Ark., caused extensive damage that will keep the plant closed for several months. The plant is owned by Arkansas Power Light Co., Little Rock. Officials are still trying to determine cause and are assessing damage, though they expect the boiler can be repaired. Etienne Senac, plant manager, says the explosion [open quotes]puffed out[close quotes] but did not rupture the 271-ft-tall boiler and also buckled several buck stays, which hold the boiler to a steel superstructure. The accident took place atmore » 8:30 a.m. as the 842-Mw unit was operating close to full capacity. Senac says the concussion knocked down workers standing 50 ft from the boiler. The explosion pushed ash and molten material out of the bottom of the unit, causing a small fire. One contract worker was seriously burned and hospitalized. Four AP L workers received minor burns.« less

New controls spark boiler efficiency

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Engels, T.

1993-09-01

Monsanto's NutraSweet plant in University Park, IL, produces aspartame, the patented NutraSweet artificial sweetener product. Until recently, boiler control was managed by a '60s-era Fireye jackshaft system in which air and natural gas were mechanically linked with an offset to compensate for oxygen trim. The interlocking devices on the Fireye system were becoming obsolete, and the boiler needed a new front end retrofitted for low emissions. In order to improve boiler control efficiency, we decided to modernize and automate the entire boiler control system. We replaced the original jackshaft system, and installed a Gordon-Piet burner system, including gas valves, airmore » dampers, blowers, and burner. The upgrade challenges included developing a control strategy and selecting and implementing a process control system. Since our plant has standardized on the PROVOX process management information system from Fisher Controls (now Fisher-Rosemount Systems) to support most of our process, it was a natural and logical choice for boiler controls as well. 2 figs.« less

Investigations on the Behavior of HVOF and Cold Sprayed Ni-20Cr Coating on T22 Boiler Steel in Actual Boiler Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bala, Niraj; Singh, Harpreet; Prakash, Satya; Karthikeyan, J.

2012-01-01

High temperature corrosion accompanied by erosion is a severe problem, which may result in premature failure of the boiler tubes. One countermeasure to overcome this problem is the use of thermal spray protective coatings. In the current investigation high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and cold spray processes have been used to deposit commercial Ni-20Cr powder on T22 boiler steel. To evaluate the performance of the coatings in actual conditions the bare as well as the coated steels were subjected to cyclic exposures, in the superheater zone of a coal fired boiler for 15 cycles. The weight change and thickness loss data were used to establish kinetics of the erosion-corrosion. X-ray diffraction, surface and cross-sectional field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) and x-ray mapping techniques were used to analyse the as-sprayed and corroded specimens. The HVOF sprayed coating performed better than its cold sprayed counterpart in actual boiler environment.

Improved NOx emissions and combustion characteristics for a retrofitted down-fired 300-MWe utility boiler.

PubMed

Li, Zhengqi; Ren, Feng; Chen, Zhichao; Liu, Guangkui; Xu, Zhenxing

2010-05-15

A new technique combining high boiler efficiency and low-NO(x) emissions was employed in a 300MWe down-fired boiler as an economical means to reduce NO(x) emissions in down-fired boilers burning low-volatile coals. Experiments were conducted on this boiler after the retrofit with measurements taken of gas temperature distributions along the primary air and coal mixture flows and in the furnace, furnace temperatures along the main axis and gas concentrations such as O(2), CO and NO(x) in the near-wall region. Data were compared with those obtained before the retrofit and verified that by applying the combined technique, gas temperature distributions in the furnace become more reasonable. Peak temperatures were lowered from the upper furnace to the lower furnace and flame stability was improved. Despite burning low-volatile coals, NO(x) emissions can be lowered by as much as 50% without increasing the levels of unburnt carbon in fly ash and reducing boiler thermal efficiency.

Boiler MACT Technical Assistance (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2012-03-01

Fact sheet describing the changes to Environmental Protection Act process standards. The DOE will offer technical assistance to ensure that major sources burning coal and oil have information on cost-effective, clean energy strategies for compliance, and to promote cleaner, more efficient boiler burning to cut harmful pollution and reduce operational costs. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is expected to finalize the reconsideration process for its Clean Air Act pollution standards National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters (known as Boiler Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)), in Spring 2012.more » This rule applies to large and small boilers in a wide range of industrial facilities and institutions. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will offer technical assistance to ensure that major sources burning coal or oil have information on cost-effective clean energy strategies for compliance, including combined heat and power, and to promote cleaner, more efficient boilers to cut harmful pollution and reduce operational costs.« less

Toxic trace elements in solid airborne particles and ecological risk assessment in the vicinity of local boiler house plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talovskaya, Anna V.; Osipova, Nina A.; Yazikov, Egor G.; Shakhova, Tatyana S.

2017-11-01

The article deals with assessment of anthropogenic pollution in vicinity of local boilers using the data on microelement composition of solid airborne particles deposited in snow. The anthropogenic feature of elevated accumulation levels of solid airborne particles deposited in snow in the vicinity of coal-fired boiler house is revealed in elevated concentrations (3-25 higher than background) of Cd, Sb, Mo, Pb, Sr, Ba, Ni, Mo, Zn and Co. In the vicinity oil-fired boiler house the specific elements as parts of solid airborne particles deposited in snow are V, Ni and Sb, as their content exceeds the background from 3 to 8 times. It is determined that the maximum shares in non-carcinogenic human health risk from chronic inhalation of trace elements to the human body in the vicinity of coal-fired boiler house belong to Al, Mn, Cu, Ba, Co, Pb, whereas in the vicinity of oil-fired boiler house - Al, Mn, Cu, Ni, V.

Sensing system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers

DOEpatents

Kychakoff, George; Afromowitz, Martin A; Hugle, Richard E

2005-06-21

A system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers includes one or more deposit monitoring sensors operating in infrared regions and about 4 or 8.7 microns and directly producing images of the interior of the boiler. An image pre-processing circuit (95) in which a 2-D image formed by the video data input is captured, and includes a low pass filter for performing noise filtering of said video input. An image segmentation module (105) for separating the image of the recovery boiler interior into background, pendant tubes, and deposition. An image-understanding unit (115) matches derived regions to a 3-D model of said boiler. It derives a 3-D structure the deposition on pendant tubes in the boiler and provides the information about deposits to the plant distributed control system (130) for more efficient operation of the plant pendant tube cleaning and operating systems.

Advanced CFD modelling of air and recycled flue gas staging in a waste wood-fired grate boiler for higher combustion efficiency and greater environmental benefits.

PubMed

Rajh, Boštjan; Yin, Chungen; Samec, Niko; Hriberšek, Matjaž; Kokalj, Filip; Zadravec, Matej

2018-07-15

Grate-fired boilers are commonly used to burn biomass/wastes for heat and power production. In spite of the recent breakthrough in integration of advanced secondary air systems in grate boilers, grate-firing technology needs to be advanced for higher efficiency and lower emissions. In this paper, innovative staging of combustion air and recycled flue gas in a 13 MW th waste wood-fired grate boiler is comprehensively studied based on a numerical model that has been previously validated. In particular, the effects of the jet momentum, position and orientation of the combustion air and recycled flue gas streams on in-furnace mixing, combustion and pollutant emissions from the boiler are examined. It is found that the optimized air and recycled flue gas jets remarkably enhance mixing and heat transfer, result in a more uniform temperature and velocity distribution, extend the residence time of the combustibles in the hot zone and improve burnout in the boiler. Optimizing the air and recycled flue gas jet configuration can reduce carbon monoxide emission from the boiler by up to 86%, from the current 41.0 ppm to 5.7 ppm. The findings of this study can serve as useful guidelines for novel design and optimization of the combustion air supply and flue gas recycling for grate boilers of this type. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 109.555 - Propulsion boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Propulsion boilers. 109.555 Section 109.555 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 109.555 Propulsion boilers. The master or person in charge and the engineer in charge shall...

46 CFR 109.555 - Propulsion boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Propulsion boilers. 109.555 Section 109.555 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 109.555 Propulsion boilers. The master or person in charge and the engineer in charge shall...

46 CFR 109.555 - Propulsion boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Propulsion boilers. 109.555 Section 109.555 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 109.555 Propulsion boilers. The master or person in charge and the engineer in charge shall...

46 CFR 109.555 - Propulsion boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Propulsion boilers. 109.555 Section 109.555 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 109.555 Propulsion boilers. The master or person in charge and the engineer in charge shall...

46 CFR 109.555 - Propulsion boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Propulsion boilers. 109.555 Section 109.555 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 109.555 Propulsion boilers. The master or person in charge and the engineer in charge shall...

29 CFR 1915.162 - Ship's boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged indicating that... and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems shall be...

29 CFR 1915.162 - Ship's boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged indicating that... and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems shall be...

75 FR 12168 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Control of Nitrogen...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... from Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries to Delaware's Regulation No. 1142... Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries. The...

VALIDATION OF MERCURY CEMS WHEN COFIRING BIOMASS AT MADISON ELECTRIC'S BLOUNT STATION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dennis L. Laudal; Jeffrey S. Thompson

2000-09-30

The state of Wisconsin has been concerned about mercury deposition into its lakes and streams and has been evaluating strategies to reduce mercury emissions. As part of this effort, the Blount Station, owned and operated by Madison Gas and Electric Company (MGE), has undergone a project to evaluate the effects and potential mercury emissions reduction of cofiring preconsumer waste. MGE owns and operates the Blount Generating Station located in central Madison, Wisconsin. At present, Blount operates with nine boilers and six turbine generators. The two largest boilers at Blount produce 400,000 pounds of steam per hour at 950 F andmore » 1250 psi. These larger boilers, MGE's Boiler Nos. 8 and 9, have the capability of cofiring both paper and plastic. MGE's Blount Generating Station was one of the first electric generating stations in the United States to retrofit its existing steam boilers to successfully burn refuse-derived fuel and other alternate fuels including waste paper and wood. It is the No. 9 boiler that was the focus of this project to determine the effect of cofiring PDF (plastic- and paper-derived fuel) on speciated mercury emissions. The project was laid out to compare four different fuel combinations: (1) coal feed only, (2) coal with plastic, (3) coal with paper, and (4) coal with paper and plastic. The design was to run the boiler for 2 days at each condition, thus allowing four samples to be taken at each condition. This plan was aimed at getting at least three representative samples at each condition and allowed for difficulties in sampling and boiler operation. The following objectives were accomplished as part of the project to determine the effects of cofiring PDF on mercury emissions and speciation at MGE Blount Station: Successfully completed all of the mercury sampling for each of the four boiler/PDF conditions using the Ontario Hydro (OH) mercury speciation method; Determined mercury concentrations at the stack location using mercury continuous emission monitors (CEMs) for each of the four boiler/PDF conditions; Calculated the overall mercury mass balance for each of the runs; Determined chlorine concentrations at the stack location using EPA Method 26A for each of the four boiler/PDF conditions; and Calculated speciated mercury flow to determine removal and/or transformations before its exiting the unit at the stack for each of the four boiler/PDF conditions.« less

12. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 55' looking west at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Interior, boiler house, at elev. 55' looking west at retired 300 lb. boilers #11, 10, and 9 with pulverized coal storage hoppers on upper left and rock coal storage bunkers on upper right. - Manchester Street Generating Station, Manchester Street Station, 460 Eddy Street, Providence, Providence County, RI

46 CFR 109.205 - Inspection of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inspection of boilers and machinery. 109.205 Section 109.205 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.205 Inspection of boilers and machinery. The chief engineer...

46 CFR 109.205 - Inspection of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inspection of boilers and machinery. 109.205 Section 109.205 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.205 Inspection of boilers and machinery. The chief engineer...

46 CFR 109.205 - Inspection of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inspection of boilers and machinery. 109.205 Section 109.205 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.205 Inspection of boilers and machinery. The chief engineer...

46 CFR 109.205 - Inspection of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection of boilers and machinery. 109.205 Section 109.205 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.205 Inspection of boilers and machinery. The chief engineer...

46 CFR 109.205 - Inspection of boilers and machinery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inspection of boilers and machinery. 109.205 Section 109.205 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.205 Inspection of boilers and machinery. The chief engineer...

49 CFR 230.35 - Pressure testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Pressure Testing of Boilers § 230.35 Pressure testing. The temperature of the steam locomotive boiler shall be raised to at least 70 deg. F any time hydrostatic pressure is applied to the boiler. ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pressure testing. 230.35 Section 230.35...

29 CFR 1915.162 - Ship's boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and then locked or tagged, in... the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, and then locked or tagged, in accordance with § 1915.89. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems...

29 CFR 1915.162 - Ship's boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and then locked or tagged, in... the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, and then locked or tagged, in accordance with § 1915.89. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems...

38. ELEPHANT BOILERS 1905: Photocopy of April 1905 photograph ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. ELEPHANT BOILERS - 1905: Photocopy of April 1905 photograph showing elephant boilers along the west wall of the Washington and Mason Street powerhouse and car barn. View looking west on first floor of building. - San Francisco Cable Railway, Washington & Mason Streets, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

29 CFR 1915.162 - Ship's boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and then locked or tagged, in... the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, and then locked or tagged, in accordance with § 1915.89. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting systems...

49 CFR 230.57 - Injectors and feedwater pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Appurtenances Injectors, Feedwater Pumps, and Flue Plugs § 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps. (a) Water... water to the boiler, at least one of which is a live steam injector. (b) Maintenance and testing... delivering water to the boiler. Boiler checks, delivery pipes, feed water pipes, tank hose and tank valves...

46 CFR 63.25-3 - Electric hot water supply boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... boilers that meet the requirements of UL 174 may have temperature-pressure relief valves that meet the... having a current rating of more than 48 amperes and employing resistance type heating elements must have... supply boiler employing a resistance type immersion electric heating element, must not exceed 48 amperes...

46 CFR 63.25-3 - Electric hot water supply boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... boilers that meet the requirements of UL 174 may have temperature-pressure relief valves that meet the... having a current rating of more than 48 amperes and employing resistance type heating elements must have... supply boiler employing a resistance type immersion electric heating element, must not exceed 48 amperes...

46 CFR 63.25-3 - Electric hot water supply boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... boilers that meet the requirements of UL 174 may have temperature-pressure relief valves that meet the... having a current rating of more than 48 amperes and employing resistance type heating elements must have... supply boiler employing a resistance type immersion electric heating element, must not exceed 48 amperes...

Coal-Fired Boilers at Navy Bases, Navy Energy Guidance Study, Phase II and III.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-05-01

several sizes were performed. Central plants containing four equal-sized boilers and central flue gas desulfurization facilities were shown to be less...Conceptual design and parametric cost studies of steam and power generation systems using coal-fired stoker boilers and stack gas scrubbers in

40 CFR 266.104 - Standards to control organic emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DRE trial burn. (5) Low risk waste. Owners and operators of boilers or industrial furnaces that burn... HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Burned in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces § 266.104...) of this section, a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste must achieve a destruction...

40 CFR 266.104 - Standards to control organic emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DRE trial burn. (5) Low risk waste. Owners and operators of boilers or industrial furnaces that burn... HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Hazardous Waste Burned in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces § 266.104...) of this section, a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste must achieve a destruction...

75 FR 31711 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Control of Nitrogen...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

... Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from industrial boilers. This action is being taken under the Clean...--Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries in...

78 FR 38713 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Information Requirements for Boilers and Industrial... Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (EPA ICR No. 1361.16, OMB Control No. 2050-0073) to the Office of... boilers, incinerators, and industrial furnaces (BIFs) under 40 CFR parts 63, 264, 265, 266 and 270. This...

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 7.1-7.9 Boilers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet, part of the instructional materials for the Oregon apprenticeship program for millwright training, contains nine modules covering boilers. The modules provide information on the following topics: fire and water tube types of boilers, construction, fittings, operation, cleaning, heat recovery systems, instruments and controls, and…

75 FR 19296 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures and Energy Conservation Standards for Residential...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-14

... Procedures and Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and Boilers AGENCY: Office of Energy... supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) to amend the test procedures for furnaces and boilers, and... Procedures for Residential Furnaces and Boilers'' or ``NOPM for Energy Conservation Standards for Residential...

77 FR 3211 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Amendments to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-23

... Emissions From Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries AGENCY: Environmental... that establishes controls for nitrogen oxides (NO X ) emissions from industrial boilers and process... carbon monoxide (CO) boiler at the Delaware City Refinery and providing for a facility-wide NOx emission...

16. Boiler room, view looking east showing three, four pass ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Boiler room, view looking east showing three, four pass horizontal Cleaver Brooks Package Boilers, 1-150 H.P. and 2-200 H.P., 6900 lbs/hour and 5175 lbs/hour, 200 PSI - East Boston Pumping Station, Chelsea Street at Chelsea Creek, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

77 FR 28489 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Amendments to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-15

... Emissions From Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries AGENCY: Environmental... controls for nitrogen oxides (NO X ) emissions from industrial boilers and process heaters at petroleum... industrial boilers and process heaters at petroleum refineries. The formal SIP revision was submitted by...

13. VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM ROOF OF WEST BOILER ROOM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM ROOF OF WEST BOILER ROOM AT SIROCCO DUST COLLECTOR WHICH FORMED PART OF THE ORIGINAL POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BOILERS 900 AND 901 INSTALLED IN 1926-1928. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

76 FR 58114 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Control of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

... the Operation of Outdoor Wood-Fired Boilers AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... the operation of outdoor wood-fired boilers (OWBs). EPA is approving this revision to reduce particular matter emissions from the operation of outdoor wood-fired boilers in accordance with the...

76. General view looking east showing Rust Co. boiler stacks ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

76. General view looking east showing Rust Co. boiler stacks at left, Babcock & Wilcox type boiler stacks at right, Dovel horizontal gas washer in foreground, and No. 1 Furnace in distance. - Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron, First Avenue North Viaduct at Thirty-second Street, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

49 CFR 230.23 - Responsibility for general construction and safe working pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MAINTENANCE STANDARDS Boilers and Appurtenances § 230.23 Responsibility for general construction and safe... construction of the steam locomotive boilers under their control. The steam locomotive owner shall establish the safe working pressure for each steam locomotive boiler, after giving full consideration to the...

75 FR 45080 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

... revisions concern oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) emissions from boilers, steam generators and process heaters... 1--Submitted Rule Local agency Rule No. Rule title Adopted Submitted SJVUAPCD 4308 Boilers, Steam... regulations that control NO X emissions. Rule 4308 limits NO X and CO emissions from boilers, steam generators...

Study of Nox Emission Characteristics of a 1025t/h Coal-Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Q. Y.; Mi, Z. D.; Zhang, Q. F.

Measurements of emission are carried out in a 1025t/h CFB boiler. The effect of some factors including coal properties, bed temperature, unit load, excess air on the emission of NOx are investigated. The measurement results show that the N concentration in the coal is dominant parameter to predict the NOx emission from a large-scale CFB boiler. NOx emission from the 1025t/h CFB boiler increases with cyclone temperature and upper pressure drop due to post combustion and external cycle.

Vacuum boilers developed heating surfaces technic and economic efficiency evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slobodina, E. N.; Mikhailov, A. G.; Semenov, B. A.

2018-01-01

The vacuum boilers as manufacturing proto types application analysis was carried out, the possible directions for the heating surfaces development are identified with a view to improving the energy efficiency. Economic characteristics to evaluate the vacuum boilers application efficiency (Net Discounted Income (NDI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) and Payback Period) are represented. The given type boilers application technic and economic efficiency criteria were established. NDI changing curves depending on the finning coefficient and operating pressure were obtained as a result of the conducted calculation studies.

14. Elevation of boiler backhead showing (left to right at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Elevation of boiler backhead showing (left to right at top) steam pressure gauge, sight glass (indicates water level in boiler), manhole (for maintenance access to steam space), and try-cocks (used to determine water level if sight glass is inoperative). Below the firedoors lie air plenums which supply air from blower to firegrates; plenum door at lower left has been removed for photography. Each boiler was built by W. & A. Fletcher Co. to operate at 50 p.s.i. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

Industrial Research of Condensing Unit for Natural Gas Boiler House

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziemele, Jelena; Blumberga, Dagnija; Talcis, Normunds; Laicane, Ilze

2012-12-01

In the course of work industrial research was carried out at the boiler plant A/S "Imanta" where a 10MW passive condensing economizer working on natural gas was installed after the 116MW water boiler. The work describes the design of the condensing economizer and wiring diagram. During the industrial experiment, the following measurements were made: the temperature of water before and after the economizer; the ambient temperature; the quantity of water passing through the economizer; heat, produced by the economizer and water boilers. The work summarizes the data from 2010-2011.

In-line particle measurement in a recovery boiler using high-speed infrared imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siikanen, Sami; Miikkulainen, Pasi; Kaarre, Marko; Juuti, Mikko

2012-06-01

Black liquor is the fuel of Kraft recovery boilers. It is sprayed into the furnace of a recovery boiler through splashplate nozzles. The operation of a recovery boiler is largely influenced by the particle size and particle size distribution of black liquor. When entrained by upwards-flowing flue gas flow, small droplet particles may form carry-over and cause the fouling of heat transfer surfaces. Large droplet particles hit the char bed and the walls of the furnace without being dried. In this study, particles of black liquor sprays were imaged using a high-speed infrared camera. Measurements were done in a functional recovery boiler in a pulp mill. Objective was to find a suitable wavelength range and settings such as integration time, frame rate and averaging for the camera.

Hybrid intelligent monironing systems for thermal power plant trips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barsoum, Nader; Ismail, Firas Basim

2012-11-01

Steam boiler is one of the main equipment in thermal power plants. If the steam boiler trips it may lead to entire shutdown of the plant, which is economically burdensome. Early boiler trips monitoring is crucial to maintain normal and safe operational conditions. In the present work two artificial intelligent monitoring systems specialized in boiler trips have been proposed and coded within the MATLAB environment. The training and validation of the two systems has been performed using real operational data captured from the plant control system of selected power plant. An integrated plant data preparation framework for seven boiler trips with related operational variables has been proposed for IMSs data analysis. The first IMS represents the use of pure Artificial Neural Network system for boiler trip detection. All seven boiler trips under consideration have been detected by IMSs before or at the same time of the plant control system. The second IMS represents the use of Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks as a hybrid intelligent system. A slightly lower root mean square error was observed in the second system which reveals that the hybrid intelligent system performed better than the pure neural network system. Also, the optimal selection of the most influencing variables performed successfully by the hybrid intelligent system.

The use of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy technique for the characterization of boiler tubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nicolas, G.; Mateo, M. P.; Yañez, A.

2007-12-01

The present work focuses on the characterization of boiler tube walls using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy technique with visual inspection by optical and scanning electron microscopy of the cross-sections of these tubes. In a watertube boiler, water runs through tubes that are surrounded by a heating source. As a result, the water is heated to very high temperatures, causing accumulation of deposits on the inside surfaces of the tubes. These deposits play an important role in the efficiency of the boiler tube because they produce a reduction of the boiler heat rate and an increase in the number of tube failures. The objectives are to determine the thickness and arrangement of deposits located on the highest heat area of the boiler and compare them with tube parts where the heat flux is lower. The major deposits found were copper and magnetite. These deposits come mainly from the boiler feedwater and from the reaction between iron and water, and they do not form on the tube walls at a uniform rate over time. Their amount depends on the areas where they are collected. A Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm has been used to perform laser-induced plasma spectra and depth profiles of the deposits.

Effect of Pellet Boiler Exhaust on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from α-Pinene.

PubMed

Kari, Eetu; Hao, Liqing; Yli-Pirilä, Pasi; Leskinen, Ari; Kortelainen, Miika; Grigonyte, Julija; Worsnop, Douglas R; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Sippula, Olli; Faiola, Celia L; Virtanen, Annele

2017-02-07

Interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and implications for aerosol production, have raised particular scientific interest. Despite active research in this area, real anthropogenic emission sources have not been exploited for anthropogenic-biogenic interaction studies until now. This work examines these interactions using α-pinene and pellet boiler emissions as a model test system. The impact of pellet boiler emissions on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from α-pinene photo-oxidation was studied under atmospherically relevant conditions in an environmental chamber. The aim of this study was to identify which of the major pellet exhaust components (including high nitrogen oxide (NO x ), primary particles, or a combination of the two) affected SOA formation from α-pinene. Results demonstrated that high NO x concentrations emitted by the pellet boiler reduced SOA yields from α-pinene, whereas the chemical properties of the primary particles emitted by the pellet boiler had no effect on observed SOA yields. The maximum SOA yield of α-pinene in the presence of pellet boiler exhaust (under high-NO x conditions) was 18.7% and in the absence of pellet boiler exhaust (under low-NO x conditions) was 34.1%. The reduced SOA yield under high-NO x conditions was caused by changes in gas-phase chemistry that led to the formation of organonitrate compounds.

A coordinated MIMO control design for a power plant using improved sliding mode controller.

PubMed

Ataei, Mohammad; Hooshmand, Rahmat-Allah; Samani, Siavash Golmohammadi

2014-03-01

For the participation of the steam power plants in regulating the network frequency, boilers and turbines should be co-ordinately controlled in addition to the base load productions. Lack of coordinated control over boiler-turbine may lead to instability; oscillation in producing power and boiler parameters; reduction in the reliability of the unit; and inflicting thermodynamic tension on devices. This paper proposes a boiler-turbine coordinated multivariable control system based on improved sliding mode controller (ISMC). The system controls two main boiler-turbine parameters i.e., the turbine revolution and superheated steam pressure of the boiler output. For this purpose, a comprehensive model of the system including complete and exact description of the subsystems is extracted. The parameters of this model are determined according to our case study that is the 320MW unit of Islam-Abad power plant in Isfahan/Iran. The ISMC method is simulated on the power plant and its performance is compared with the related real PI (proportional-integral) controllers which have been used in this unit. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed controller system in controlling local network frequency and superheated steam pressure in the presence of load variations and disturbances of boiler. © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Non-OEM experience with NOx reduction applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Birchett, K.S.; Chung, L.; Caldwell, R.E.

1996-01-01

Heightened global environmental awareness and mandated deadlines for emission compliance required by the Clean Air Act, demand operators to increase controls on boiler emissions. For decades, the utility boiler industry has been dominated by the large OEM`s. In the past, boiler owners would approach the company that originally designed the boiler or burner system to design a burner system to reduce emissions. It was commonly believed that the boiler manufacturer had the greatest expertise in the area of NO{sub x} reduction. Current experience demonstrates that boiler owners are accepting new approaches to reducing NO{sub x} from non-OEM designers and suppliers.more » This paper outlines new approaches being applied by boiler operators to reduce NO{sub x} emissions. Several steps are imperative for a successful NO{sub x} reduction program and each step of this process will be described with examples presented. Concepts that will be examined are: (1) Practical designing concerns of theoretical Low NO{sub x} combustion, (2) Reviewing scope requirements required to reduce emissions, and (3) Teaming with the Customer to facilitate retrofit design and installation. The emphasis of this paper is not directed at the theory of how the components reduce NO{sub x}, but how to effectively apply proven technology that reduced NO{sub x} emissions.« less

Nuclear techniques for the on-line bulk analysis of carbon in coal-fired power stations.

PubMed

Sowerby, B D

2009-09-01

Carbon trading schemes usually require large emitters of CO(2), such as coal-fired power stations, to monitor, report and be audited on their CO(2) emissions. The emission price provides a significant additional incentive for power stations to improve efficiency. In the present paper, previous work on the bulk determination of carbon in coal is reviewed and assessed. The most favourable method is that based on neutron inelastic scattering. The potential role of on-line carbon analysers in improving boiler efficiency and in carbon accounting is discussed.

Emission Characteristics of Gas-Fired Boilers based on Category-Specific Emission Factor from Field Measurements in Beijing, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Itahashi, S.; Yan, X.; Song, G.; Yan, J.; Xue, Y.

2017-12-01

Gas-fired boilers will become the main stationary sources of NOx in Beijing. However, the knowledge of gas-fired boilers in Beijing is limited. In the present study, the emission characteristics of NOx, SO2, and CO from gas-fired boilers in Beijing were established using category-specific emission factors (EFs) from field measurements. In order to obtain category-specific EFs, boilers were classified through influence analysis. Factors such as combustion mode, boiler type, and installed capacity were considered critical for establishing EFs because they play significant roles in pollutant formation. The EFs for NOx, CO, and SO2 ranged from 1.42-6.86 g m-3, 0.05-0.67 g m-3 and 0.03-0.48 g m-3. The emissions of NOx, SO2, and CO for gas-fired boilers in Beijing were 11121 t, 468 t, and 222 t in 2014, respectively. The emissions were spatially allocated into grid cells with a resolution of 1 km × 1 km, and the results indicated that top emitters were in central Beijing. The uncertainties were quantified using a Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated high uncertainties in CO (-157% to 154%) and SO2 (-127% to 182%) emissions, and relatively low uncertainties (-34% to 34%) in NOx emission. Furthermore, approximately 61.2% and 96.8% of the monitored chamber combustion boilers (CCBs) met the standard limits for NOx and SO2, respectively. Concerning NOx, low-NOx burners and NOx emission control measures are urgently needed for implementing of stricter standards. Adopting terminal control measures is unnecessary for SO2, although its concentration occasionally exceeds standard limits, because reduction of its concentration can be achieved thorough control of the sulfur content of natural gas at a stable low level. Furthermore, the atmospheric combustion boilers (ACBs) should be substituted with CCBs, because ACBs have a higher emission despite lower gross installed capacity. The results of this study will enable in understanding and controlling emissions from gas-fired boilers in Beijing.

Sensing system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers

DOEpatents

Kychakoff, George [Maple Valley, WA; Afromowitz, Martin A [Mercer Island, WA; Hogle, Richard E [Olympia, WA

2008-10-14

A system for detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes in recovery and power boilers includes one or more deposit monitoring sensors operating in infrared regions of about 4 or 8.7 microns and directly producing images of the interior of the boiler, or producing feeding signals to a data processing system for information to enable a distributed control system by which the boilers are operated to operate said boilers more efficiently. The data processing system includes an image pre-processing circuit in which a 2-D image formed by the video data input is captured, and includes a low pass filter for performing noise filtering of said video input. It also includes an image compensation system for array compensation to correct for pixel variation and dead cells, etc., and for correcting geometric distortion. An image segmentation module receives a cleaned image from the image pre-processing circuit for separating the image of the recovery boiler interior into background, pendant tubes, and deposition. It also accomplishes thresholding/clustering on gray scale/texture and makes morphological transforms to smooth regions, and identifies regions by connected components. An image-understanding unit receives a segmented image sent from the image segmentation module and matches derived regions to a 3-D model of said boiler. It derives a 3-D structure the deposition on pendant tubes in the boiler and provides the information about deposits to the plant distributed control system for more efficient operation of the plant pendant tube cleaning and operating systems.

SpalLoop

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sabau, Adrian; Wright, Ian

Boiler tubes in steam power plants experience tube blockages due to exfoliation of oxide grown on the inner side of the tubes. In extreme cases, significant tube blockages can lead to forced power plant outages. It is thus desired to predict through modeling the amount of tube blockage in order to inform power plant operators of possible forced outages. SpalLoop solves for the stress-strain equations in an axisymmetric geometry, tracking the stress/strain evolution during boiler operation including outages for the entire boiler tube length. At each operational outage, i.e., temperature excursions down to room temperature, the amount of exfoliated areamore » for the entire tube loop is estimated the amount of tube blockage is predicted based assumed blockage geometry and site. The SpaLLoop code contains modules developed for oxide growth, stress analysis, tube loop geometry, blockage area by taking into account the following phenomena and features, (a) Plant operation schedule with periodic alternate full-load and partial-load regimes and shut-downs, i.e., temperature excursions from high-load to room temperature, (b) axisymmetric formulation for cylindrical tubes, (c) oxide growth in a temperature gradient with multiple oxide layers, (d) geometry of a boiler tube with a single tube loop or two tube loops, (e) temperature variation along the tube length based on hot gas temperature distribution outside the tube and inlet steam temperature, (f) non-uniform oxide growth along the tube length according to the local steam tube temperature, (g) exfoliated area module: at each operational outage considered, the amount of exfoliated area and exfoliated volume along the tube is estimated, (h) blockage module: at each operational outage considered, the exfoliated volume/mass for each tube loop is estimated from which the amount of tube blockage is predicted based on given blockage geometry (length, location, and geometry). The computer program is written in FORTRAN90. Its modular structure was sought for allowing the best flexibility in updating the program by implementing new constitutive equations due to availability of new material property data and/or new physical phenomena.« less

EVALUATION OF UTILITY BOILER RADIANT FURNACE RESIDENCE TIME/TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS: FIELD TESTS AND HEAT TRANSFER MODELING

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes an investigation of the adequacy of a modeling approach in predicting the thermal environment and flow field of pulverized-coal-fired utility boilers. Two 420 MWe coal-fired boilers were evaluated: a single-wall-fired unit and a tangentially fired unit, repre...

46 CFR 56.50-30 - Boiler feed piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... least two separate means of supplying feed water for the boilers. All feed pumps shall be fitted with... allowable stress for design purposes shall be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not... for water tube boilers shall have fresh water connections only. Care shall be taken to prevent the...

46 CFR 56.50-30 - Boiler feed piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... least two separate means of supplying feed water for the boilers. All feed pumps shall be fitted with... allowable stress for design purposes shall be selected as described in § 56.07-10(e) at a temperature not... for water tube boilers shall have fresh water connections only. Care shall be taken to prevent the...

40 CFR 63.7541 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance under the emission averaging provision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... solid fuel boilers participating in the emissions averaging option as determined in § 63.7522(f) and (g... this section. (i) For each existing solid fuel boiler participating in the emissions averaging option... below the applicable limit. (ii) For each group of boilers participating in the emissions averaging...

76 FR 1192 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Clean Air Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-07

..., the Commonwealth will control particulate matter emissions at the facilities by either shutting down coal-fired boilers, installing air emission controls, or converting the coal-fired boilers to natural gas-fired boilers. The Commonwealth will pay a civil penalty of $300,000 for past violations. The...

46 CFR 61.05-20 - Boiler safety valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Boiler safety valves. 61.05-20 Section 61.05-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND..., superheater, or reheater of a boiler shall be tested at the interval specified by table 61.05-10. [CGD 95-028...

46 CFR 61.05-20 - Boiler safety valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Boiler safety valves. 61.05-20 Section 61.05-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND..., superheater, or reheater of a boiler shall be tested at the interval specified by table 61.05-10. [CGD 95-028...

46 CFR 61.05-20 - Boiler safety valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Boiler safety valves. 61.05-20 Section 61.05-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND..., superheater, or reheater of a boiler shall be tested at the interval specified by table 61.05-10. [CGD 95-028...

46 CFR 61.05-20 - Boiler safety valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Boiler safety valves. 61.05-20 Section 61.05-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND..., superheater, or reheater of a boiler shall be tested at the interval specified by table 61.05-10. [CGD 95-028...

46 CFR 61.05-20 - Boiler safety valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Boiler safety valves. 61.05-20 Section 61.05-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND..., superheater, or reheater of a boiler shall be tested at the interval specified by table 61.05-10. [CGD 95-028...

46 CFR 52.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General. 52.25-1 Section 52.25-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-1 General. Requirements for fired boilers of various sizes and uses are referenced in Table 54.01-5(a) of...

46 CFR 52.01-35 - Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers. 52.01-35 Section 52.01-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-35 Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal...

46 CFR 52.01-35 - Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers. 52.01-35 Section 52.01-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-35 Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal...

46 CFR 52.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General. 52.25-1 Section 52.25-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-1 General. Requirements for fired boilers of various sizes and uses are referenced in table 54.01-5(a) of...

46 CFR 52.01-35 - Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers. 52.01-35 Section 52.01-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-35 Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal...

46 CFR 52.01-35 - Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal fluid heater, and heating boilers. 52.01-35 Section 52.01-35 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-35 Auxiliary, donkey, fired thermal...

46 CFR 52.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General. 52.25-1 Section 52.25-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-1 General. Requirements for fired boilers of various sizes and uses are referenced in Table 54.01-5(a) of...

46 CFR 52.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General. 52.25-1 Section 52.25-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-1 General. Requirements for fired boilers of various sizes and uses are referenced in table 54.01-5(a) of...

78 FR 63181 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-23

... Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Information Requirements for Boilers...), ``Information Requirements for Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Renewal)'' (EPA ICR No. ICR No. 1361.16, OMB... http://www.epa.gov/dockets . Abstract: EPA regulates the burning of hazardous waste in boilers...

FORMATION OF CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND FURANS IN A HAZARDOUS-WASTE-FIRING INDUSTRIAL BOILER

EPA Science Inventory

This research examined the potential for emissions of polychlorinated diebnzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) from industrial boilers that cofire hazardous waste. PCDD/F emissions were sampled from a 732 kW (2.5 x 106 Btu/h), 3-pass, firetube boiler using #2 fuel oil cofired wit...

46 CFR 52.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General. 52.25-1 Section 52.25-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Other Boiler Types § 52.25-1 General. Requirements for fired boilers of various sizes and uses are referenced in Table 54.01-5(a) of...

76 FR 61999 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

... for Residential Furnaces and Boilers (Standby Mode and Off Mode); Correction AGENCY: Office of Energy... Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and Boilers. This correction provides the... page 56339, in the third column after ``2. E- mail:'' the e-mail address should read `` FurnaceBoiler...

78 FR 53625 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

... Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Furnaces and Boilers; Correction AGENCY... Federal Register that amended the test procedure for residential furnaces and boilers (78 FR 41265). Due...., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-6590. Email: residential_furnaces_and_boilers@ee.doe.gov . Mr...

10 CFR 431.82 - Definitions concerning commercial packaged boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) For service water heating in buildings but does not meet the definition of “hot water supply boiler” in this part. Condensing boiler means a commercial packaged boiler that condenses part of the water vapor in the flue gases, and that includes a means of collecting and draining this condensate from its...

46 CFR 56.50-30 - Boiler feed piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... APPURTENANCES Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems § 56.50-30 Boiler feed piping. (a) General... paragraph (d) or (e) of this section. (2) Feed pump supply to power boilers may utilize the group feed... required stop and stop-check valves, shall be designed for either the feed pump relief valve setting or the...

46 CFR 56.50-30 - Boiler feed piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... APPURTENANCES Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems § 56.50-30 Boiler feed piping. (a) General... paragraph (d) or (e) of this section. (2) Feed pump supply to power boilers may utilize the group feed... required stop and stop-check valves, shall be designed for either the feed pump relief valve setting or the...

76 FR 41742 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Control of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... the Operation of Outdoor Wood-Fired Boilers AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... from the operation of outdoor wood-fired boilers. This action is being taken under the Clean Air Act... the operation of outdoor wood-fired boilers (OWBs). I. Background On July 18, 1997 (62 FR 38652), EPA...

Application of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid in boiler water for industrial boilers.

PubMed

Zeng, Bin; Li, Mao-Dong; Zhu, Zhi-Ping; Zhao, Jun-Ming; Zhang, Hui

2013-01-01

The primary method used for boiler water treatment is the addition of chemicals to industrial boilers to prevent corrosion and scaling. The static scale inhibition method was used to evaluate the scale inhibition performance of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). Autoclave static experiments were used to study the corrosion inhibition properties of the main material for industrial boilers (20# carbon steel) with an HEDP additive in the industrial boiler water medium. The electrochemical behavior of HEDP on carbon steel corrosion control was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization techniques. Experimental results indicate that HEDP can have a good scale inhibition effect when added at a quantity of 5 to 7 mg/L at a test temperature of not more than 100 °C. To achieve a high scale inhibition rate, the HEDP dosage must be increased when the test temperature exceeds 100 °C. Electrochemical and autoclave static experimental results suggest that HEDP has a good corrosion inhibition effect on 20# carbon steel at a concentration of 25 mg/L. HEDP is an excellent water treatment agent.

System and method for coproduction of activated carbon and steam/electricity

DOEpatents

Srinivasachar, Srivats [Sturbridge, MA; Benson, Steven [Grand Forks, ND; Crocker, Charlene [Newfolden, MN; Mackenzie, Jill [Carmel, IN

2011-07-19

A system and method for producing activated carbon comprising carbonizing a solid carbonaceous material in a carbonization zone of an activated carbon production apparatus (ACPA) to yield a carbonized product and carbonization product gases, the carbonization zone comprising carbonaceous material inlet, char outlet and carbonization gas outlet; activating the carbonized product via activation with steam in an activation zone of the ACPA to yield activated carbon and activation product gases, the activation zone comprising activated carbon outlet, activation gas outlet, and activation steam inlet; and utilizing process gas comprising at least a portion of the carbonization product gases or a combustion product thereof; at least a portion of the activation product gases or a combustion product thereof; or a combination thereof in a solid fuel boiler system that burns a solid fuel boiler feed with air to produce boiler-produced steam and flue gas, the boiler upstream of an air heater within a steam/electricity generation plant, said boiler comprising a combustion zone, a boiler-produced steam outlet and at least one flue gas outlet.

Quality and generation rate of solid residues in the boiler of a waste-to-energy plant.

PubMed

Allegrini, E; Boldrin, A; Jansson, S; Lundtorp, K; Fruergaard Astrup, T

2014-04-15

The Danish waste management system relies significantly on waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. The ash produced at the energy recovery section (boiler ash) is classified as hazardous waste, and is commonly mixed with fly ash and air pollution control residues before disposal. In this study, a detailed characterization of boiler ash from a Danish grate-based mass burn type WtE was performed, to evaluate the potential for improving ash management. Samples were collected at 10 different points along the boiler's convective part, and analysed for grain size distribution, content of inorganic elements, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD and PCDF), and leaching of metals. For all samples, PCDD and PCDF levels were below regulatory limits, while high pH values and leaching of e.g. Cl were critical. No significant differences were found between boiler ash from individual sections of the boiler, in terms of total content and leaching, indicating that separate management of individual ash fractions may not provide significant benefits. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on Laws, Regulations and Standards on Energy Efficiency, Energy Conserving and Emission Reduction of Industrial Boilers in EU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ren; Zhao, Yuejin; Chen, Haihong; Liang, Xiuying; Yang, Ming

2017-12-01

Industrial boilers are widely applied in such fields as factory power, building heating, and people’s lives; China is the world’s largest producer and user of industrial boilers, with very high annual energy consumption; clear requirements have been put forward by China on the energy efficiency since the “11th Five-year Plan” with the hope to save energy and reduce emission by means of energy efficiency standards and regulations on the supervision and control of various special equipment. So far, the energy efficiency of industrial boilers in China has been improved significantly but there is still a gap with the EU states. This paper analyzes the policies of energy efficiency, implementation models and methods of supervision and implementation at the EU level from laws, regulations, directives as well as standards; the paper also puts forward suggestions of energy conserving and emission reduction on the improvement of energy conserving capacity of industrial boilers in China through studying the legislations and measures of the developed countries in energy conserving of boilers.

11. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Locomotive=type, firetube, portable boiler, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Locomotive=type, fire-tube, portable boiler, model No. 1, Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. 120 lbs./sq. in. working pressure, 66 sq. ft. heating surface in tubes. View: the boiler provided steam for steam engine which in turn powered the centrifugals. View shows front fire box, end of boiler. Below fire-box,used for removing ashes, is a door. Circular openings at the rear of the fire-box are where fire-tubes connected with furnace. Column to right of fire-box carried pressure and water level gauges. Fluted chimney-type structure is steam-port, safety valve, and whistle. Weights originally sat on the arm extending from the top of the port and controlled the boiler pressure. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

A SURVEY OF CONVENTIONAL STEAM BOILER EXPERIENCE APPLICABLE TO THE HTGR STEAM GENERATORS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paget, J.A.

1959-10-01

BS>The steam generator of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor consists of tubular heating surface inside a shell which forms part of the primary He circuit of the reactor. When a tube fails in such a steam generator, moisture in the form of steam is released into the He steam and is carried through the reactor where it will cause corrosion and mass transfer of C in the core. A paramount consideration in the design of a steam generator for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor is the prevention of tube failures. Preference, therefore, should be given to a forced circulation design.more » The Loeffler Boiler would be the best from this standpoint alone since only steam enters the tubes, and its circulation rate can be maintained at an adequate value to insure cool tubes regardless of load fluctuations. The next type in the order of preference would be the forced recirculation boiler, since at least the boiier tubes always have an adequate cooling flow regardless of output. The third type in order of preference would be a Sulzer Type boiler since it has a separator to remove dissolved material from the water which is comparible in efficiency to a standard boiler drum and although the flow through evaporator and superheater fluctuates with load, the Sulzer Boiler can be operated as a forced recirculation boiler at low loads. The least desirable type would be a Benson or supercritical boiler which is completely dependent on input water purity for its survival. It is not claimed that Benson or supercritical boilers should not or will not be used in the future for gas-cooled reactors, but only that their use would be the least conservative choice from a tube failure standpoint at the present time. (auth)« less

Heat and momentum transfer model studies applicable to once-through, forced convection potassium boiling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sabin, C. M.; Poppendiek, H. F.

1971-01-01

A number of heat transfer and fluid flow mechanisms that control once-through, forced convection potassium boiling are studied analytically. The topics discussed are: (1) flow through tubes containing helical wire inserts, (2) motion of droplets entrained in vapor flow, (3) liquid phase distribution in boilers, (4) temperature distributions in boiler tube walls, (5) mechanisms of heat transfer regime change, and (6) heat transfer in boiler tubes. Whenever possible, comparisons of predicted and actual performances are made. The model work presented aids in the prediction of operating characteristics of actual boilers.

Fireside corrosion in kraft recovery boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tran, H.N.; Barham, D.; Hupa, M.

1988-01-01

Causes and corrective measures are reviewed for several common types of fireside corrosion in kraft recovery boilers. Corrosion differs significantly with location in the boiler due tio the great differences in metal surface temperature and deposit and flue gas chemistry. Sulphidation corrosion associated with sulphur-bearing gases under reducing conditions is dominant in the lower furnace, while sulphidation/oxidation resulting from gas-deposit-metal reactions is important in the upper boiler. In many cases, although corrosion has been controlled by ensuring the absence of a molten phase at the metal surface, the corrosion mechanism is not fully understood.

Numerical Simulation in a Supercirtical CFB Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yanjun; Gaol, Xiang; Luo, Zhongyang; Jiang, Xiaoguo

The dimension of the hot circulation loop of the supercritical CFB boiler is large, and there are many unknowns and challenges that should be identified and resolved during the development. In order to realize a reasonable and reliable design of the hot circulation loop, numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in a supercritical CFB boiler was conducted by using FLUENT software. The working condition of hot circulation loop flow field, gas-solid flow affected by three unsymmetrical cyclones, air distribution and pressure drop in furnace were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the general arrangement of the 600MWe supercritical CFB boiler is reasonable.

Naftokrak-Naftdbudowa & MPEC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szewczyk, T.; Mazur, J.

1995-12-31

Polish graded coal is being burned on existing stoker boilers at MPEC`s Balicka plant, using Control Techtronics microprocess-based system. Pictures were shown of the equipment controlling three hot water WR-10 boilers, and (two) steam 22.5 boilers. The results of this installation include; 85% reduction in stack particulate emission, 25% increase in boiler energy efficiency, 65% reduction in fan electrical energy, achieving {open_quotes}ultra low fire{close_quotes} which provides 3 or 4 to 1 turndown, versus 2 to 1, for substantially reduced fuel use at low heating requirements, and 2 to 3 years payback on invested capital.

Model-free adaptive control of advanced power plants

DOEpatents

Cheng, George Shu-Xing; Mulkey, Steven L.; Wang, Qiang

2015-08-18

A novel 3-Input-3-Output (3.times.3) Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controller with a set of artificial neural networks as part of the controller is introduced. A 3.times.3 MFA control system using the inventive 3.times.3 MFA controller is described to control key process variables including Power, Steam Throttle Pressure, and Steam Temperature of boiler-turbine-generator (BTG) units in conventional and advanced power plants. Those advanced power plants may comprise Once-Through Supercritical (OTSC) Boilers, Circulating Fluidized-Bed (CFB) Boilers, and Once-Through Supercritical Circulating Fluidized-Bed (OTSC CFB) Boilers.

Survey of flue gas desulfurization systems: Hawthorn Station, Kansas City Power and Light Co. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Isaacs, G.A.; Zada, F.K.

1975-09-01

Results are given of a survey of the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems at Kansas City Power and Light Co.'s Hawthorn Power Station. The FGD systems on Hawthorn boilers 3 and 4 were designed to operate by injection of dry limestone in the boiler's furnace, followed by tail gas scrubbing. Because of tube plugging in boiler 4 the mode of operation of the FGD system on that boiler was modified: ground limestone is now introduced into the flue gas near the gas inlet to the scrubber tower. (GRA)

Online Monitoring System of Air Distribution in Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler Based on Numerical Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Żymełka, Piotr; Nabagło, Daniel; Janda, Tomasz; Madejski, Paweł

2017-12-01

Balanced distribution of air in coal-fired boiler is one of the most important factors in the combustion process and is strongly connected to the overall system efficiency. Reliable and continuous information about combustion airflow and fuel rate is essential for achieving optimal stoichiometric ratio as well as efficient and safe operation of a boiler. Imbalances in air distribution result in reduced boiler efficiency, increased gas pollutant emission and operating problems, such as corrosion, slagging or fouling. Monitoring of air flow trends in boiler is an effective method for further analysis and can help to appoint important dependences and start optimization actions. Accurate real-time monitoring of the air distribution in boiler can bring economical, environmental and operational benefits. The paper presents a novel concept for online monitoring system of air distribution in coal-fired boiler based on real-time numerical calculations. The proposed mathematical model allows for identification of mass flow rates of secondary air to individual burners and to overfire air (OFA) nozzles. Numerical models of air and flue gas system were developed using software for power plant simulation. The correctness of the developed model was verified and validated with the reference measurement values. The presented numerical model for real-time monitoring of air distribution is capable of giving continuous determination of the complete air flows based on available digital communication system (DCS) data.

Thermal treatment and vitrification of boiler ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator.

PubMed

Yang, Y; Xiao, Y; Voncken, J H L; Wilson, N

2008-06-15

Boiler ash generated from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators is usually classified as hazardous materials and requires special disposal. In the present study, the boiler ash was characterized for the chemical compositions, morphology and microstructure. The thermal chemical behavior during ash heating was investigated with thermal balance. Vitrification of the ash was conducted at a temperature of 1400 degrees C in order to generate a stable silicate slag, and the formed slag was examined with chemical and mineralogical analyses. The effect of vitrification on the leaching characteristics of various elements in the ash was evaluated with acid leaching. The study shows that the boiler ash as a heterogeneous fine powder contains mainly silicate, carbonate, sulfates, chlorides, and residues of organic materials and heavy metal compounds. At elevated temperatures, the boiler ash goes through the initial moisture removal, volatilization, decomposition, sintering, melting, and slag formation. At 1400 degrees C a thin layer of salt melt and a homogeneous glassy slag was formed. The experimental results indicate that leaching values of the vitrified slag are significantly reduced compared to the original boiler ash, and the vitrification could be an interesting alternative for a safer disposal of the boiler ash. Ash compacting, e.g., pelletizing can reduce volatilization and weight loss by about 50%, and would be a good option for the feed preparation before vitrification.

Systematic Field Study of NO(x) Emission Control Methods for Utility Boilers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartok, William; And Others

A utility boiler field test program was conducted. The objectives were to determine new or improved NO (x) emission factors by fossil fuel type and boiler design, and to assess the scope of applicability of combustion modification techniques for controlling NO (x) emissions from such installations. A statistically designed test program was…

9 CFR 91.22 - Protection from heat of boilers and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Protection from heat of boilers and engines. 91.22 Section 91.22 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways leading to the...

9 CFR 91.22 - Protection from heat of boilers and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Protection from heat of boilers and engines. 91.22 Section 91.22 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways leading to the...

10 CFR 431.106 - Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial water heaters and hot...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... efficiency of commercial water heaters and hot water supply boilers (other than commercial heat pump water... PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Commercial Water Heaters, Hot Water Supply Boilers... of energy efficiency of commercial water heaters and hot water supply boilers (other than commercial...

77 FR 49830 - Notice of Lodging of Proposed Amendment to the Consent Decree Under the Clean Air Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... control particulate matter emissions at its Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility (``the Huntingdon facility'') by either shutting down coal-fired boilers, installing air emission controls on the existing unit, or converting the coal-fired boilers to natural gas-fired boilers by June 30, 2012. The Commonwealth did not...

9 CFR 91.22 - Protection from heat of boilers and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Protection from heat of boilers and engines. 91.22 Section 91.22 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways leading to the...

9 CFR 91.22 - Protection from heat of boilers and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Protection from heat of boilers and engines. 91.22 Section 91.22 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways leading to the...

9 CFR 91.22 - Protection from heat of boilers and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Protection from heat of boilers and engines. 91.22 Section 91.22 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways leading to the...

Feasibility Study of Coal Gasification/Fuel Cell/Cogeneration Project, Fort Greely, Alaska Site. Preliminary Survey,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-02

sothat oilconsumptior ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . can be measured. Hot water boiler plants with out- U1I Shell-and-tube type exchangers are...slopes possible to VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . prevent rain or melting snow from penetrating into (2? Water will flow through the

30 CFR 57.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 57.13001 Section 57.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 56.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 56.13001 Section 56.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

Central Heat Plant Modernization: FY98 Update and Recommendations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code suggests an inspection frequency of 12 months for...28 April 1997). ASME International, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME International, New York, NY, 1995). Bloomquist, R.G., J.D. Nimmons, and K...Services (HQDA, 28 April 1997). ASME International, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME International, New York, NY, 1995). Bloomquist, R.G.,

Ultrasonic Inspection and Fatigue Evaluation of Critical Pore Size in Welds.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code ) 20...Five porosity levels were produced that parallelled ASME boiler and pressure vessel code specification (Section VIII). Appendix IV of the pressure...Figure 2 shows porosity charts (ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code ) which classify and designate the number and size of pores in any six inch length

Status of Metric Conversion A Survey of U.S. Standards Writing Organizations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . 7...to and consistent with metrication of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . The Electrical Apparatus Service Association is a trade asso- ciation...metrication of TEMA Standards will be compatible to and consistent with metrication of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . TEMA’s metrication

30 CFR 57.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 57.13001 Section 57.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 57.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 57.13001 Section 57.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

Supercritical and Transcritical Shear Flows in Microgravity: Experiments and Direct Numerical Simulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code were con...GRC, and to specifically state a general operating requirement. 1.1. The entire apparatus will be designed to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , whenever...calculations, including a finite element analysis (FEA) will be inspected to verify the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code has been me, whenever

30 CFR 56.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 56.13001 Section 56.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 56.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 56.13001 Section 56.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 57.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 57.13001 Section 57.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 56.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 56.13001 Section 56.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 57.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 57.13001 Section 57.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

30 CFR 56.13001 - General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General requirements for boilers and pressure vessels. 56.13001 Section 56.13001 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Compressed Air and Boilers §...

46 CFR 167.65-60 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. 167.65-60 Section 167.65-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL... machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and...

46 CFR 167.65-60 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. 167.65-60 Section 167.65-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL... machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and...

46 CFR 167.65-60 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. 167.65-60 Section 167.65-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL... machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and...

46 CFR 167.65-60 - Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. 167.65-60 Section 167.65-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL... machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and...

40 CFR 63.11211 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Table 4 to this subpart, conducting a fuel analysis for each type of fuel burned in your boiler... single type of fuel, you are exempted from the compliance requirements of conducting a fuel analysis for each type of fuel burned in your boiler. For purposes of this subpart, boilers that use a supplemental...

40 CFR 63.11211 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Table 4 to this subpart, conducting a fuel analysis for each type of fuel burned in your boiler... single type of fuel, you are exempted from the compliance requirements of conducting a fuel analysis for each type of fuel burned in your boiler. For purposes of this subpart, boilers that use a supplemental...

76 FR 54993 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

... nitrogen (NO X ) emissions from biomass fuel-fired boilers. We are proposing action on a local rule that... Submitted PCAPCD 233 Biomass Boilers......... 12/10/09 05/07/10 On June 8, 2010, the submittal for PCAPCD... from biomass boilers and steam generators. EPA's technical support document (TSD) has more information...

77 FR 67322 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, Placer County Air Pollution Control District

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

... Implementation Plan (SIP). These revisions concern oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from biomass boilers. We... PCAPCD 233 Biomass Boilers 06/14/12 09/21/12 On October 11, 2012, EPA determined that the submittal for... that control NO X emissions. Rule 233 limits NO X emissions from biomass boilers. EPA's technical...

40 CFR 75.53 - Monitoring plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Energy and used in the National Allowance Data Base (or equivalent facility ID number assigned by EPA, if...; (C) Type of boiler (or boilers for a group of units using a common stack); (D) Type of fuel(s) fired... more than one fuel, the fuel classification of the boiler; (E) Type(s) of emission controls for SO2...

40 CFR 75.53 - Monitoring plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Energy and used in the National Allowance Data Base (or equivalent facility ID number assigned by EPA, if...; (C) Type of boiler (or boilers for a group of units using a common stack); (D) Type of fuel(s) fired... more than one fuel, the fuel classification of the boiler; (E) Type(s) of emission controls for SO2...

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers - Guidance for Calculating Emission Credits Resulting from Implementation of Energy Conservation Measures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The purpose of this July 2012 document is to provide guidance for developing a consistent approach to documenting efficiency credits generated from energy conservation measures in the Implementation Plan for boilers covered by the Boiler MACT rule.

40 CFR 63.7491 - Are any boilers or process heaters not subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.../infectious waste incinerator covered by 40 CFR part 60, subpart Ce or subpart Ec. (c) An electric utility... furnace stoves as described in the EPA document, entitled “National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air... boilers as defined in this subpart. (o) Blast furnace gas fuel-fired boilers and process heaters as...

40 CFR 63.1217 - What are the standards for liquid fuel boilers that burn hazardous waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... boilers that burn hazardous waste? 63.1217 Section 63.1217 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... boilers that burn hazardous waste? (a) Emission limits for existing sources. You must not discharge or... provided for in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section: (i) When you burn hazardous waste with an as-fired...

40 CFR 63.1217 - What are the standards for liquid fuel boilers that burn hazardous waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... boilers that burn hazardous waste? 63.1217 Section 63.1217 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... boilers that burn hazardous waste? (a) Emission limits for existing sources. You must not discharge or... provided for in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section: (i) When you burn hazardous waste with an as-fired...

46 CFR 109.421 - Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessels. 109.421 Section 109.421 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Reports, Notifications, and Records Reports and Notifications § 109.421 Report of repairs to boilers and pressure vessel...

Development of combined low-emissions burner devices for low-power boilers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roslyakov, P. V.; Proskurin, Yu. V.; Khokhlov, D. A.

2017-08-01

Low-power water boilers are widely used for autonomous heat supply in various industries. Firetube and water-tube boilers of domestic and foreign manufacturers are widely represented on the Russian market. However, even Russian boilers are supplied with licensed foreign burner devices, which reduce their competitiveness and complicate operating conditions. A task of developing efficient domestic low-emissions burner devices for low-power boilers is quite acute. A characteristic property of ignition and fuel combustion in such boilers is their flowing in constrained conditions due to small dimensions of combustion chambers and flame tubes. These processes differ significantly from those in open combustion chambers of high-duty power boilers, and they have not been sufficiently studied yet. The goals of this paper are studying the processes of ignition and combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels, heat and mass transfer and NO x emissions in constrained conditions, and the development of a modern combined low-emissions 2.2 MW burner device that provides efficient fuel combustion. A burner device computer model is developed and numerical studies of its operation on different types of fuel in a working load range from 40 to 100% of the nominal are carried out. The main features of ignition and combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels in constrained conditions of the flame tube at nominal and decreased loads are determined, which differ fundamentally from the similar processes in steam boiler furnaces. The influence of the burner devices design and operating conditions on the fuel underburning and NO x formation is determined. Based on the results of the design studies, a design of the new combined low-emissions burner device is proposed, which has several advantages over the prototype.

Design and Application of Novel Horizontal Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lit, Q. H.; Zhang, Y. G.; Meng, A. H.

The vertical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has been found wide application in power generation and tends to be enlarged in capacity. Because CFB is one of environment friendly and high efficiency combustion technologies, the CFB boiler has also been expected to be used in the industrial area, such as textile mill, region heating, brewery, seed drying and so on. However, the necessary height of furnace is hard to be implemented for CFB with especially small capacity. Thereby, a novel horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler has been proposed and developed. The horizontal CFB is composed of primary combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber, burnout chamber, cyclone, loop seal, heat recovery area. The primary combustion chamber is a riser like as that in vertical CFB, and the secondary combustion chamber is a downward passage that is a natural extension of the primary riser, which can reduce the overall height of the boiler. In some extent, the burnout chamber is also the extension of primary riser. The capacity of horizontal CFB is about 4.2-24.5MWth (6-35t/h) steam output or equivalent hot water supply. The hot water boiler of 7MWth and steam boilers of 4.2MWth (6t/h) and 10.5MWth (15t/h) are all designed and working well now. The three units of hot water horizontal CFB boiler were erected in the Neimenggu Autonomous Region, Huhehaote city for region heating. The three units of steam horizontal CFB has been installed in Yunnan, Jiang Xi and Guangdong provinces, respectively. The basic principle for horizontal CFB and experiences for designing and operating are presented in this paper. Some discussions are also given to demonstrate the promising future of horizontal CFB.

Estimation of water level and steam temperature using ensemble Kalman filter square root (EnKF-SR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herlambang, T.; Mufarrikoh, Z.; Karya, D. F.; Rahmalia, D.

2018-04-01

The equipment unit which has the most vital role in the steam-powered electric power plant is boiler. Steam drum boiler is a tank functioning to separate fluida into has phase and liquid phase. The existence in boiler system has a vital role. The controlled variables in the steam drum boiler are water level and the steam temperature. If the water level is higher than the determined level, then the gas phase resulted will contain steam endangering the following process and making the resulted steam going to turbine get less, and the by causing damages to pipes in the boiler. On the contrary, if less than the height of determined water level, the resulted height will result in dry steam likely to endanger steam drum. Thus an error was observed between the determined. This paper studied the implementation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter Square Root (EnKF-SR) method in nonlinear model of the steam drum boiler equation. The computation to estimate the height of water level and the temperature of steam was by simulation using Matlab software. Thus an error was observed between the determined water level and the steam temperature, and that of estimated water level and steam temperature. The result of simulation by Ensemble Kalman Filter Square Root (EnKF-SR) on the nonlinear model of steam drum boiler showed that the error was less than 2%. The implementation of EnKF-SR on the steam drum boiler r model comprises of three simulations, each of which generates 200, 300 and 400 ensembles. The best simulation exhibited the error between the real condition and the estimated result, by generating 400 ensemble. The simulation in water level in order of 0.00002145 m, whereas in the steam temperature was some 0.00002121 kelvin.

Development of Erosion-Corrosion-Resistant Cold-Spray Nanostructured Ni-20Cr Coating for Coal-Fired Boiler Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, M.; Singh, H.; Singh, N.; Chavan, N. M.; Kumar, S.; Joshi, S. V.

2015-12-01

The erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of a cold-spray nanostructured Ni-20Cr coating was studied under cyclic conditions in a coal-fired boiler. This study was done for 15 cycles (1500 h), in which each cycle comprised 100 h of heating in the boiler environment, followed by 1 h of cooling under ambient air conditions. The E-C extent was evaluated in terms of thickness loss data of the samples. The eroded-corroded samples were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDS, and x-ray mapping analyses. The nanostructured coating offered excellent E-C protection to boiler tube material (SA 516 steel) under harsh live conditions of the boiler. This E-C resistance offered by investigated coating may be attributed to the presence of protective NiO and Cr2O3 phases in its oxide scale and its superior as-sprayed microhardness.

High-Temperature Behavior of a NiCr-Coated T91 Boiler Steel in the Platen Superheater of Coal-Fired Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatha, Sukhpal Singh; Sidhu, Hazoor S.; Sidhu, Buta S.

2013-06-01

Ni-20Cr coating was deposited on T91 boiler tube steel by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process to enhance high-temperature oxidation resistance. High-temperature performance of bare, as well as HVOF-coated steel specimens was evaluated for 1500 h under in the platen superheater zone of coal-fired boiler, where the temperature was around 900 °C. Experiments were carried out for 15 cycles, each of 100-h duration followed by 1-h cooling at ambient temperature. The extent of degradation of the specimens was assessed by the thickness loss and depth of internal corrosion attack. Ni-20Cr-coated steel performed better than the uncoated steel in actual boiler environment. The improved degradation resistance of Ni-20Cr coating can be attributed to the presence of Cr2O3 in the top oxide scale and dense microstructure.

Co-firing switchgrass in a 50 MW pulverized coal boiler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ragland, K.W.; Aerts, D.J.; Weiss, C.

1996-12-31

Switchgrass is being co-fired with pulverized coal in a 50 MW wall-fired, radiant boiler at MG&E`s Blount Street generating station. Shredded switchgrass is fed to a hammermill onto a live bottom storage bunker. Twin screw augers move the switchgrass onto a belt conveyor which leads to a rotary air lock valve and through a pressurized pipe to the boiler where it is injected into the furnace at two points between first and second level coal burners. The main objective of the project is to evaluate the boiler performance, slagging behavior, and emissions of the co-fired switchgrass at replacement of ratesmore » of up to 20% by mass (13% by heat input). Initial co-firing tests to examine fuel handling and feeding, combustion behavior, boiler response and emissions are favorable. In November a 100 hour co-fire test is planned.« less

Coal-fired boiler houses in Cracow present state and possibilities to improve their efficiency

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cyklis, P.; Butcher, T.A.

1995-12-31

A significant amount of heat energy both for heating and process purposes is generated in Cracow, Poland in small-and medium size local boiler houses. The operating procedure of these boiler houses is most often economically and ecologically ineffective because of the bad condition of boilers and lack of funds to install automation, control and measurement equipment. Within the Polish-American Program of Elimination of Low Emission Sources financed by the US Department of Energy, the ENERGOEKSPERT Co., Ltd. investigated chosen boiler houses in Cracow, commissioned by the Cracow Development Office. The results of these investigations were subject of engineering analysis carriedmore » out at the Institute of Industrial Equipment and Power Engineering, Technical University, Cracow. The analysis proved that the low-cost improvement of economic efficiency and reduction of air pollutant emission is feasible for combustion of coal fuels.« less

Estimation of the effective heating systems radius as a method of the reliability improving and energy efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akhmetova, I. G.; Chichirova, N. D.

2017-11-01

When conducting an energy survey of heat supply enterprise operating several boilers located not far from each other, it is advisable to assess the degree of heat supply efficiency from individual boiler, the possibility of energy consumption reducing in the whole enterprise by switching consumers to a more efficient source, to close in effective boilers. It is necessary to consider the temporal dynamics of perspective load connection, conditions in the market changes. To solve this problem the radius calculation of the effective heat supply from the thermal energy source can be used. The disadvantage of existing methods is the high complexity, the need to collect large amounts of source data and conduct a significant amount of computational efforts. When conducting an energy survey of heat supply enterprise operating a large number of thermal energy sources, rapid assessment of the magnitude of the effective heating radius requires. Taking into account the specifics of conduct and objectives of the energy survey method of calculation of effective heating systems radius, to use while conducting the energy audit should be based on data available heat supply organization in open access, minimize efforts, but the result should be to match the results obtained by other methods. To determine the efficiency radius of Kazan heat supply system were determined share of cost for generation and transmission of thermal energy, capital investment to connect new consumers. The result were compared with the values obtained with the previously known methods. The suggested Express-method allows to determine the effective radius of the centralized heat supply from heat sources, in conducting energy audits with the effort minimum and the required accuracy.

Prospects for the development of coal-steam plants in Russia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tumanovskii, A. G.

2017-06-01

Evaluation of the technical state of the modern coal-fired power plants and quality of coal consumed by Russian thermal power plants (TPP) is provided. Measures aimed at improving the economic and environmental performance of operating 150-800 MW coal power units are considered. Ways of efficient use of technical methods of NO x control and electrostatic precipitators' upgrade for improving the efficiency of ash trapping are summarized. Examples of turbine and boiler equipment efficiency upgrading through its deep modernization are presented. The necessity of the development and introduction of new technologies in the coal-fired power industry is shown. Basic technical requirements for a 660-800 MW power unit with the steam conditions of 28 MPa, 600/600°C are listed. Design solutions taking into account features of Russian coal combustion are considered. A field of application of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers and their effectiveness are indicated. The results of development of a new generation coal-fired TPP, including a steam turbine with an increased efficiency of the compartments and disengaging clutch, an elevated steam conditions boiler, and a highly efficient NO x /SO2 and ash particles emission control system are provided. In this case, the resulting ash and slag are not to be sent to the ash dumps and are to be used to a maximum advantage. Technical solutions to improve the efficiency of coal gasification combined cycle plants (CCP) are considered. A trial plant based on a 16 MW gas turbine plant (GTP) and an air-blown gasifier is designed as a prototype of a high-power CCP. The necessity of a state-supported technical reequipment and development program of operating coal-fired power units, as well as putting into production of new generation coal-fired power plants, is noted.

Wood fueled boiler financial feasibility user's manual

Treesearch

Robert Govett; Scott Bowe; Terry Mace; Steve Hubbard; John (Rusty) Dramm; Richard Bergman

2005-01-01

“Wood Fueled Boiler Financial Feasibility” is a spreadsheet program designed for easy use on a personal computer. This program provides a starting point for interested parties to perform financial feasibility analysis of a steam boiler system for space heating or process heat. By allowing users to input the conditions applicable to their current or proposed fuel...

10. Interior, Boiler Room, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Interior, Boiler Room, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific Railroad Carlin Shops, view to northwest (90mm lens). The silver stacks suspended from the ceiling in the background mark the former location of the boilers, and served as steam vents. - Southern Pacific Railroad, Carlin Shops, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Foot of Sixth Street, Carlin, Elko County, NV

34. TOP O THE BOILER SHOWING CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. NOTE THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. TOP O THE BOILER SHOWING CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. NOTE THE 1/2-INCH ROUND IRON REINFORCING ROD AND GALVANIZED FARM FENCING IN THE RIGHT FOREGROUND. AND THE EXPANDED METAL LATH WITH CEMENT COATING IN THE CEILING ABOVE THE BOILER. - Moravian Pottery & Tile Works, Southwest side of State Route 313 (Swamp Road), Northwest of East Court Street, Doylestown, Bucks County, PA

19. On salon deck level, view looking forward at tops ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. On salon deck level, view looking forward at tops of steam chimneys (rising from boilers) showing safety valves, safety valve vent pipe, and smoke bonnet underneath smokestack. Steam chimneys are integral parts of the boilers and in effect are smokestacks surrounded by a pressurized steam space continuous with the boiler steam spaces. - Ferry TICONDEROGA, Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

46 CFR 52.20-25 - Setting (modifies PFT-46).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Setting (modifies PFT-46). 52.20-25 Section 52.20-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-25 Setting (modifies PFT-46). (a) The method of supporting firetube boilers shall be as indicated in PFT-46 of...

46 CFR 53.01-5 - Scope (modifies HG-100).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scope (modifies HG-100). 53.01-5 Section 53.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-5 Scope (modifies HG-100). (a) The regulations in this part apply to steam heating boilers, hot water boilers (which include...

46 CFR 53.01-5 - Scope (modifies HG-100).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scope (modifies HG-100). 53.01-5 Section 53.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-5 Scope (modifies HG-100). (a) The regulations in this part apply to steam heating boilers, hot water boilers (which include...

46 CFR 52.15-1 - General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). 52.15-1 Section 52.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Watertube Boilers § 52.15-1 General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). Watertube boilers and parts thereof shall be as...

46 CFR 53.01-5 - Scope (modifies HG-100).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope (modifies HG-100). 53.01-5 Section 53.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-5 Scope (modifies HG-100). (a) The regulations in this part apply to steam heating boilers, hot water boilers (which include...

46 CFR 52.20-25 - Setting (modifies PFT-46).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Setting (modifies PFT-46). 52.20-25 Section 52.20-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-25 Setting (modifies PFT-46). (a) The method of supporting firetube boilers shall be as indicated in PFT-46 of...

46 CFR 52.15-1 - General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). 52.15-1 Section 52.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Watertube Boilers § 52.15-1 General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). Watertube boilers and parts thereof shall be as...

46 CFR 52.15-1 - General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). 52.15-1 Section 52.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Watertube Boilers § 52.15-1 General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). Watertube boilers and parts thereof shall be as...

46 CFR 53.01-5 - Scope (modifies HG-100).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scope (modifies HG-100). 53.01-5 Section 53.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS General Requirements § 53.01-5 Scope (modifies HG-100). (a) The regulations in this part apply to steam heating boilers, hot water boilers (which include...

46 CFR 52.15-1 - General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). 52.15-1 Section 52.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Watertube Boilers § 52.15-1 General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). Watertube boilers and parts thereof shall be as...

46 CFR 52.20-25 - Setting (modifies PFT-46).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Setting (modifies PFT-46). 52.20-25 Section 52.20-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-25 Setting (modifies PFT-46). (a) The method of supporting firetube boilers shall be as indicated in PFT-46 of...

Biomass Economy

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code HEI Heat Exchanger Institute Heat and Material Balance c. System Description (1) Condenser... Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code "AN(SI B31.1 Power Piping d. System Description (1) Deaerator The deaerator will be d direct contact feedwater heater, and...vent, and drain piping. "b . Applicable Codes ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code "ANSI B31.1 - Power Piping Code

46 CFR 52.20-25 - Setting (modifies PFT-46).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Setting (modifies PFT-46). 52.20-25 Section 52.20-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-25 Setting (modifies PFT-46). (a) The method of supporting firetube boilers shall be as indicated in PFT-46 of...

46 CFR 52.15-1 - General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). 52.15-1 Section 52.15-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Watertube Boilers § 52.15-1 General (modifies PWT-1 through PWT-15). Watertube boilers and parts thereof shall be as...

46 CFR 52.20-25 - Setting (modifies PFT-46).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Setting (modifies PFT-46). 52.20-25 Section 52.20-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Firetube Boilers § 52.20-25 Setting (modifies PFT-46). (a) The method of supporting firetube boilers shall be as indicated in PFT-46 of...