INCENTIVES TO IDENTIFY: RACIAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

PubMed Central

Antman, Francisca; Duncan, Brian

2016-01-01

We link data on racial self-identification with changes in state-level affirmative action policies to ask whether racial self-identification responds to economic incentives. We find that after a state bans affirmative action, multiracial individuals who face an incentive to identify under affirmative action are about 30 percent less likely to identify with their minority groups. In contrast, multiracial individuals who face a disincentive to identify under affirmative action are roughly 20 percent more likely to identify with their minority groups once affirmative action policies are banned. PMID:27635103

INCENTIVES TO IDENTIFY: RACIAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.

PubMed

Antman, Francisca; Duncan, Brian

2015-07-01

We link data on racial self-identification with changes in state-level affirmative action policies to ask whether racial self-identification responds to economic incentives. We find that after a state bans affirmative action, multiracial individuals who face an incentive to identify under affirmative action are about 30 percent less likely to identify with their minority groups. In contrast, multiracial individuals who face a disincentive to identify under affirmative action are roughly 20 percent more likely to identify with their minority groups once affirmative action policies are banned.

In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of zirconium-niobium alloy corrosion under hydrothermal conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.; Bowers, W. J.; Hendricks, J. H.

2001-10-01

In situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate corrosion of a zirconium-niobium alloy in air-saturated water at a pressure of 15.5 MPa and temperatures ranging from 22 to 407 °C in an optically accessible flow cell. Monoclinic ZrO 2 (m-ZrO 2) was identified under all conditions after the coupon was heated to 255 °C for 19 h. Cubic ZrO 2 (c-ZrO 2) was tentatively identified in situ during heating at temperatures between 306 and 407 °C, but was not observed under any other conditions. Species tentatively identified as α-CrOOH and a Cr VI and/or Cr III/Cr VI compound were observed in situ during heating at temperatures between 255 and 407 °C, but were not observed under any other conditions. The chromium compounds were identified as corrosion products released from the optical cell and/or flow system.

Under-recording of work-related injuries and illnesses: An OSHA priority.

PubMed

Fagan, Kathleen M; Hodgson, Michael J

2017-02-01

A 2009 Government Accounting Office (GAO) report, along with numerous published studies, documented that many workplace injuries are not recorded on employers' recordkeeping logs required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and consequently are under-reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), resulting in a substantial undercount of occupational injuries in the United States. OSHA conducted a Recordkeeping National Emphasis Program (NEP) from 2009 to 2012 to identify the extent and causes of unrecorded and incorrectly recorded occupational injuries and illnesses. OSHA found recordkeeping violations in close to half of all facilities inspected. Employee interviews identified workers' fear of reprisal and employer disciplinary programs as the most important causes of under-reporting. Subsequent inspections in the poultry industry identified employer medical management policies that fostered both under-reporting and under-recording of workplace injuries and illnesses. OSHA corroborated previous research findings and identified onsite medical units as a potential new cause of both under-reporting and under-recording. Research is needed to better characterize and eliminate obstacles to the compilation of accurate occupational injury and illness data. Occupational health professionals who work with high hazard industries where low injury rates are being recorded may wish to scrutinize recordkeeping practices carefully. This work suggests that, although many high-risk establishments manage recordkeeping with integrity, the lower the reported injury rate, the greater the likelihood of under-recording and under-reporting of work-related injuries and illnesses. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

78 FR 17222 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection, License for the Use of Personally Identifiable...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

... Identifiable Information Protected Under the E-Government Act of 2002, Title V and the Privacy Act of 1974...) and Title V, subtitle A of the E-Government Act of 2002 (CIPSEA) (U.S.C. 3501 note). HUD wishes to... Information Collection, License for the Use of Personally Identifiable Information Protected Under the E...

Role of Demographic and Personality Factors in Mediating Vulnerability to Suicide Attempts under Intoxication with Alcohol: A Record-based Exploratory Study.

PubMed

Kattimani, Shivanand; Menon, Vikas; Sarkar, Siddharth; Arun, Anand Babu; Venkatalakshmi, Penchilaiya

2016-01-01

Identifying those who are likely to make suicide attempts under alcohol intoxication has important implications for management and prevention of further suicidal behavior. To identify the frequency of suicide attempts made under the influence of alcohol and the percentage of impulsive suicide attempts among them. We also aimed to identify predictors of attempted suicide under intoxication with alcohol. Record-based study carried out at a tertiary care hospital. The clinical charts of consecutive suicide attempters ( n = 147) who presented to the crisis intervention clinic from July 2013 to June 2014 were reviewed, and relevant data were extracted. The participants were divided into three groups - nonusers of alcohol ( n = 85), alcohol users who did not attempt under intoxication ( n = 31) and alcohol users who attempted under intoxication ( n = 31). These groups were compared on various sociodemographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression was done to identify predictors of suicide attempt under intoxication. Chi-square (χ 2 ) test, one-way ANOVA (F) test and backward stepwise logistic regression. About 21.08% of all suicide attempts occurred under alcohol intoxication. Such subjects were more likely to be older ( F = 12.428, P < 0.001), male (χ 2 = 87.367, P < 0.001), married (χ 2 = 6.787, P = 0.034), employed (χ 2 = 41.778, P < 0.001), and fewer years of formal schooling ( F = 3.312, P = 0.039). Physical methods (hanging) were used more often in this group (χ 2 = 19.510, P = 0.012). In regression analysis, only marital status and living condition emerged as predictors of attempt under intoxication (odds ratios 4.52 [confidence interval (CI) 1.34-15.24, P = 0.015] and 5.67 [CI 1.17-27.39, P = 0.031] respectively). Certain demographic features may help us in identifying those who are more likely to make attempts under intoxication. The role of personality factors as potential mediators of such behavior needs further exploration.

[Validation of a nutritional screening tool for hospitalized pediatric patients].

PubMed

Lama More, R A; Moráis López, A; Herrero Álvarez, M; Caraballo Chicano, S; Galera Martínez, R; López Ruzafa, E; Rodríguez Martínez, G; de la Mano Hernández, A; Rivero de la Rosa, M C

2012-01-01

Malnutrition among hospitalized patients has clinical implications, and interest has arisen to find screening tools able to identify subjects under risk. At present, there is no consensus about the most suitable nutrition screening tool for pediatric patients. To validate STAMP (Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics) pediatric screening tool in Spain. Descriptive cross-sectional study of patients admitted to a 3rd level children's hospital with both medical and surgical specialities. During the first 24 hours of admission, STAMP screening tool was applied. For its validation, results were compared with those obtained from a nutritional assessment performed by specialist staff, which included clinical, anthropometric and body composition data. A sample of 250 children was studied. Nutritional assessment identified 64 patients (25.6%) under risk, 40 of whom were malnourished (16%). STAMP classified 48.4% of the patients as being under nutritional risk. This tool showed 75% sensitivity and 60.8% specificity when identifying patients under risk according to nutritional assessment. It showed 90% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity when identifying malnourished patients. Malnutrition was less frequent than that reported in other European countries, although diagnosis technique was different. STAMP is a simple and useful tool for nutritional screening, avoiding the need to assess all patients on admission in order to identify those under nutritional risk.

Use of RADs to identify canidate genes for response to crowding stress in rainbow trout

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fish under intensive rearing conditions experience various stressors which have negative impacts on survival, growth, reproduction and fillet quality. Identifying and characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate the development of strategies that aim to improve...

7 CFR 1900.153 - Identifying and reporting an employee relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY... Under Public Law 103-354 Assistance to Employees, Relatives, and Associates § 1900.153 Identifying and... its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 employee. The applicant is required to disclose the...

Scanning genomic areas under selection sweep and association mapping as tools to identify horticultural important genes in watermelon

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) contains 88% water, sugars, and several important health-related compounds, including lycopene, citrulline, arginine, and glutathione. The current genetic diversity study uses microsatellites with known map positions to identify genomic regions that under...

78 FR 69806 - Identification of Nonattainment Classification and Deadlines for Submission of State...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-21

...] Identification of Nonattainment Classification and Deadlines for Submission of State Implementation Plan (SIP... NAAQS under subpart 4. This proposed rulemaking identifies the classification under subpart 4 for areas... pursuant to subpart 1. Specifically, the EPA is proposing to identify the initial classification of current...

Underlying Reading-Related Skills and Abilities among Adult Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mellard, Daryl F.; Woods, Kari L.; Md Desa, Z. Deana; Vuyk, M. Alexandra

2015-01-01

This exploratory study identified underlying skill and ability differences among subgroups of adolescent and young adult struggling readers (N = 290) overall and in relation to a fluency-based instructional grouping method. We used principal axis factoring of participants' scores on 18 measures of reading-related skills and abilities identified in…

Combining Genome-Scale Experimental and Computational Methods To Identify Essential Genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

DOE PAGES

Burger, Brian T.; Imam, Saheed; Scarborough, Matthew J.; ...

2017-06-06

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is one of the best-studied alphaproteobacteria from biochemical, genetic, and genomic perspectives. To gain a better systems-level understanding of this organism, we generated a large transposon mutant library and used transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) to identify genes that are essential under several growth conditions. Using newly developed Tn-seq analysis software (TSAS), we identified 493 genes as essential for aerobic growth on a rich medium. We then used the mutant library to identify conditionally essential genes under two laboratory growth conditions, identifying 85 additional genes required for aerobic growth in a minimal medium and 31 additional genes required for photosyntheticmore » growth. In all instances, our analyses confirmed essentiality for many known genes and identified genes not previously considered to be essential. We used the resulting Tn-seq data to refine and improve a genome-scale metabolic network model (GEM) for R. sphaeroides. Together, we demonstrate how genetic, genomic, and computational approaches can be combined to obtain a systems-level understanding of the genetic framework underlying metabolic diversity in bacterial species.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burger, Brian T.; Imam, Saheed; Scarborough, Matthew J.

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is one of the best-studied alphaproteobacteria from biochemical, genetic, and genomic perspectives. To gain a better systems-level understanding of this organism, we generated a large transposon mutant library and used transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) to identify genes that are essential under several growth conditions. Using newly developed Tn-seq analysis software (TSAS), we identified 493 genes as essential for aerobic growth on a rich medium. We then used the mutant library to identify conditionally essential genes under two laboratory growth conditions, identifying 85 additional genes required for aerobic growth in a minimal medium and 31 additional genes required for photosyntheticmore » growth. In all instances, our analyses confirmed essentiality for many known genes and identified genes not previously considered to be essential. We used the resulting Tn-seq data to refine and improve a genome-scale metabolic network model (GEM) for R. sphaeroides. Together, we demonstrate how genetic, genomic, and computational approaches can be combined to obtain a systems-level understanding of the genetic framework underlying metabolic diversity in bacterial species.« less

Patient satisfaction constructs.

PubMed

Rahman, Muhammad Sabbir; Osmangani, Aahad M

2015-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to examine the five-factor structure of patients' satisfaction constructs toward private healthcare service providers. This research is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with previous and current Bangladeshi patients. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract the underlying constructs. Five underlying dimensions that play a significant role in structuring the satisfaction perceived by Bangladeshi private healthcare patients are identified in this study. Practical implications - The main contribution of this study is identifying the dimensions of satisfaction perceived by Bangladeshi patients regarding private healthcare service providers. Healthcare managers adopt the five identified underlying construct items in their business practices to improve their respective healthcare efficiency while ensuring overall customer satisfaction.

RECOVERY POTENTIAL AS A MEANS OF PRIORITIZING RESTORATION OF WATERS IDENTIFIED AS IMPAIRED UNDER THE CLEAN WATER ACT

EPA Science Inventory

The sheer number of waterbodies identified as impaired under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act presents states with challenging decisions on which sites to address, in what order, and with what fraction of limited restoration resources. Our goal was to demonstrate a systemat...

48 CFR 532.7002 - Solicitation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Identify the card brand(s) under the GSA SmartPay program that may be used to make payments under the... the card brand(s) under the GSA SmartPay program that may be used to make payments under the contract...

Etiology and clinical outcome in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004-2006).

PubMed

Kogan, David A; Johnson, Lynelle R; Sturges, Beverly K; Jandrey, Karl E; Pollard, Rachel E

2008-12-01

To evaluate the number and types of underlying disorders detected in dogs with aspiration pneumonia and determine the survival rate among affected dogs. Retrospective case series. Animals-88 dogs with aspiration pneumonia. Medical records were reviewed to identify disease processes that could result in aspiration pneumonia. To assess outcome (ie, survival to discharge from the hospital or nonsurvival), dogs were grouped by the type and number of underlying disease processes. Duration of hospitalization and radiographic severity of disease were evaluated with regard to case outcome. As the cause of aspiration pneumonia, a single underlying disorder was identified in 60 of the 88 dogs; 2 or more diseases were identified in the remaining dogs. Esophageal disease (n = 35), vomiting (34), neurologic disorders (24), laryngeal disease (16), and postanesthetic aspiration (12) were identified most commonly. Overall, 68 dogs survived to discharge from the hospital (survival rate, 77%). Survival rates were comparable among dogs regardless of the underlying cause of aspiration pneumonia. Radiographic severity of disease and duration of hospitalization did not influence survival. Among these study dogs, aspiration pneumonia was associated with a high survival rate. The presence of more than 1 underlying disease associated with aspiration pneumonia did not adversely impact survival rate. Interestingly, radiographic severity of disease and duration of hospitalization were not associated with overall survival rate.

CAUSAL INFERENCE WITH A GRAPHICAL HIERARCHY OF INTERVENTIONS

PubMed Central

Shpitser, Ilya; Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen

2017-01-01

Identifying causal parameters from observational data is fraught with subtleties due to the issues of selection bias and confounding. In addition, more complex questions of interest, such as effects of treatment on the treated and mediated effects may not always be identified even in data where treatment assignment is known and under investigator control, or may be identified under one causal model but not another. Increasingly complex effects of interest, coupled with a diversity of causal models in use resulted in a fragmented view of identification. This fragmentation makes it unnecessarily difficult to determine if a given parameter is identified (and in what model), and what assumptions must hold for this to be the case. This, in turn, complicates the development of estimation theory and sensitivity analysis procedures. In this paper, we give a unifying view of a large class of causal effects of interest, including novel effects not previously considered, in terms of a hierarchy of interventions, and show that identification theory for this large class reduces to an identification theory of random variables under interventions from this hierarchy. Moreover, we show that one type of intervention in the hierarchy is naturally associated with queries identified under the Finest Fully Randomized Causally Interpretable Structure Tree Graph (FFRCISTG) model of Robins (via the extended g-formula), and another is naturally associated with queries identified under the Non-Parametric Structural Equation Model with Independent Errors (NPSEM-IE) of Pearl, via a more general functional we call the edge g-formula. Our results motivate the study of estimation theory for the edge g-formula, since we show it arises both in mediation analysis, and in settings where treatment assignment has unobserved causes, such as models associated with Pearl’s front-door criterion. PMID:28919652

CAUSAL INFERENCE WITH A GRAPHICAL HIERARCHY OF INTERVENTIONS.

PubMed

Shpitser, Ilya; Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen

2016-12-01

Identifying causal parameters from observational data is fraught with subtleties due to the issues of selection bias and confounding. In addition, more complex questions of interest, such as effects of treatment on the treated and mediated effects may not always be identified even in data where treatment assignment is known and under investigator control, or may be identified under one causal model but not another. Increasingly complex effects of interest, coupled with a diversity of causal models in use resulted in a fragmented view of identification. This fragmentation makes it unnecessarily difficult to determine if a given parameter is identified (and in what model), and what assumptions must hold for this to be the case. This, in turn, complicates the development of estimation theory and sensitivity analysis procedures. In this paper, we give a unifying view of a large class of causal effects of interest, including novel effects not previously considered, in terms of a hierarchy of interventions, and show that identification theory for this large class reduces to an identification theory of random variables under interventions from this hierarchy. Moreover, we show that one type of intervention in the hierarchy is naturally associated with queries identified under the Finest Fully Randomized Causally Interpretable Structure Tree Graph (FFRCISTG) model of Robins (via the extended g-formula), and another is naturally associated with queries identified under the Non-Parametric Structural Equation Model with Independent Errors (NPSEM-IE) of Pearl, via a more general functional we call the edge g-formula. Our results motivate the study of estimation theory for the edge g-formula, since we show it arises both in mediation analysis, and in settings where treatment assignment has unobserved causes, such as models associated with Pearl's front-door criterion.

Assessment of the influence of energy under-reporting on intake estimates of four food additives.

PubMed

Gilsenan, M B; Gibney, M J

2004-03-01

Under-reporting has been identified as an important source of uncertainty in food chemical exposure assessments. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of under-reporting on food additive intake estimates. Dietary survey data were derived from the North-South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (2001). Data from the Republic of Ireland (n = 958) were used. Energy under-reporters were identified using a ratio of energy intakes to estimated basal metabolic rate. First, food categories (n = 26) included in an assessment of exposure of four food additives were created and patterns of food intakes (i.e. likelihood of consumption, frequency of consumption and reported portion size) between acceptable and under-reporters compared. Second, for each food additive, deterministic intake estimates for the total sample (i.e. acceptable and under-reporters), under-reporters and acceptable reporters were calculated and compared. Differential reporting of the majority of food categories between acceptable and under-reporters was recorded. Under-reporters were less likely to record the consumption of a given food and more likely to under-report the frequency of consumption and portion size compared with acceptable reporters. Food additive intake estimates amongst acceptable reporters were higher than corresponding intake estimates amongst the total sample of reporters and amongst under-reporters. With the exception of one food additive (erythrosine), ratios of upper percentile additive intakes amongst acceptable reporters to corresponding intake estimates amongst the total sample of reporters did not exceed 1.06 when results were expressed as total population or consumer-only intakes. Findings illustrated that energy under-reporting does not materially influence estimates of food additive exposure based on the four food additives studied. However, a number of situations were identified where the under-reporting might exert a more significant impact on resulting exposure estimates.

Early Identification of Student Performance and Effort Using an Online Homework System: A Pilot Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perdian, David C.

2013-01-01

Two distinct student groups, in terms of academic performance, were identified early in the semester as either being under-performing students or over-performing students using an online homework system. The students who are identified as under-performing received, on average, lower grades than their fellow students but spent more time completing…

Supplemental Educational Services and Student Achievement in Five Waiver Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Andrea; deSousa, Juliette-Marie; Hoshen, Gur; Lampron, Stephanie; Le Floch, Kerstin Carlson; Petroccia, Megan; Shkolnik, Jamie

2011-01-01

Under the "Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965" ("ESEA"), as amended, schools that are served under Title I, Part A of the ESEA and that do not make adequate yearly progress (AYP) for two consecutive years are identified for school improvement. If an identified Title I school does not make AYP while in that status,…

Can the height of fall predict long bone fracture in children under 24 months?

PubMed

Hansoti, Bhakti; Beattie, Tom

2005-12-01

It can be difficult to determine the exact mechanism of injury in infants and babies aged 24 months and under. Falls are the most common mechanism of injury in children. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between reported height of fall and long bone fracture. All children aged under 24 months who sustained a fracture (in the year 2003) were identified prospectively on the departmental fracture database. These children were matched for age and sex with children identified as having fallen but not having sustained a fracture. Sixty-three children aged 24 months and under were studied. The median height of fall in this group was 48 cm and that in the control group was 20 cm, P<0.001. A significant correlation was observed between the height of fall (cm) and severity of injury (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.255). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicates that the likelihood of significant fracture requiring admission and/or manipulation under anaesthesia occurs with a fall from a height of 56 cm [sensitivity 80% (confidence interval 29-97%), specificity 79% (confidence interval 70-86%)]. It was not possible to identify a height at which the risk of any fracture injury became significantly more likely. Height of fall is only one factor that must be considered in dealing with fracture injury in children aged 24 months or under. However, significant injury presenting with falls from less than 50 cm should be critically evaluated.

Choking under Pressure: When an Additional Positive Stereotype Affects Performance for Domain Identified Male Mathematics Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenthal, Harriet E. S.; Crisp, Richard J.

2007-01-01

This research aimed to establish if the presentation of two positive stereotypes would result in choking under pressure for identified male mathematics students. Seventy-five 16 year old men, who had just commenced their AS-level study, were either made aware of their gender group membership (single positive stereotype), their school group…

Identification of one polymorphism from the PAPP-A2 gene associated to fertility in Romosinuano beef heifers raised under a subtropical environment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated to fertility in female cows raised under a subtropical environment. Re-sequencing of 9 genes associated to GH-IGF endocrine pathway located in bovine chromosome 5, identified 75 SNP useful for associative ge...

Use of OSHA inspections data for fatal occupational injury surveillance in New Jersey.

PubMed

Stanbury, M; Goldoft, M

1990-02-01

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) computerized inspections data, death certificates, and medical examiner records identified 204 fatal occupational injuries in New Jersey, 1984-85. OSHA computerized data uniquely identified seven cases. They did not identify 35 fatalities under OSHA's jurisdiction, of which 24 were investigated by OSHA but not recorded, four were not considered work-related, and seven were not known to OSHA. Eighty-seven were outside OSHA's jurisdiction; 28 were among the self-employed who are not under the health and safety protection of any governmental agency.

Accuracy of emergency department triage using the Emergency Severity Index and independent predictors of under-triage and over-triage in Brazil: a retrospective cohort analysis.

PubMed

Hinson, Jeremiah S; Martinez, Diego A; Schmitz, Paulo S K; Toerper, Matthew; Radu, Danieli; Scheulen, James; Stewart de Ramirez, Sarah A; Levin, Scott

2018-01-15

Emergency department (ED) triage is performed to prioritize care for patients with critical and time-sensitive illness. Triage errors create opportunity for increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we sought to measure the frequency of under- and over-triage of patients by nurses using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) in Brazil and to identify factors independently associated with each. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. The accuracy of initial ESI score assignment was determined by comparison with a score entered at the close of each ED encounter by treating physicians with full knowledge of actual resource utilization, disposition, and acute outcomes. Chi-square analysis was used to validate this surrogate gold standard, via comparison of associations with disposition and clinical outcomes. Independent predictors of under- and over-triage were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Initial ESI-determined triage score was classified as inaccurate for 16,426 of 96,071 patient encounters. Under-triage was associated with a significantly higher rate of admission and critical outcome, while over-triage was associated with a lower rate of both. A number of factors identifiable at time of presentation including advanced age, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoxia, hyperthermia, and several specific chief complaints (i.e., neurologic complaints, chest pain, shortness of breath) were identified as independent predictors of under-triage, while other chief complaints (i.e., hypertension and allergic complaints) were independent predictors of over-triage. Despite rigorous and ongoing training of ESI users, a large number of patients in this cohort were under- or over-triaged. Advanced age, vital sign derangements, and specific chief complaints-all subject to limited guidance by the ESI algorithm-were particularly under-appreciated.

Comparative analysis of soybean plasma membrane proteins under osmotic stress using gel-based and LC MS/MS-based proteomics approaches.

PubMed

Nouri, Mohammad-Zaman; Komatsu, Setsuko

2010-05-01

To study the soybean plasma membrane proteome under osmotic stress, two methods were used: a gel-based and a LC MS/MS-based proteomics method. Two-day-old seedlings were subjected to 10% PEG for 2 days. Plasma membranes were purified from seedlings using a two-phase partitioning method and their purity was verified by measuring ATPase activity. Using the gel-based proteomics, four and eight protein spots were identified as up- and downregulated, respectively, whereas in the nanoLC MS/MS approach, 11 and 75 proteins were identified as up- and downregulated, respectively, under PEG treatment. Out of osmotic stress responsive proteins, most of the transporter proteins and all proteins with high number of transmembrane helices as well as low-abundance proteins could be identified by the LC MS/MS-based method. Three homologues of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, which are transporter proteins involved in ion efflux, were upregulated under osmotic stress. Gene expression of this protein was increased after 12 h of stress exposure. Among the identified proteins, seven proteins were mutual in two proteomics techniques, in which calnexin was the highly upregulated protein. Accumulation of calnexin in plasma membrane was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. These results suggest that under hyperosmotic conditions, calnexin accumulates in the plasma membrane and ion efflux accelerates by upregulation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase protein.

Optimal healthcare decision making under multiple mathematical models: application in prostate cancer screening.

PubMed

Bertsimas, Dimitris; Silberholz, John; Trikalinos, Thomas

2018-03-01

Important decisions related to human health, such as screening strategies for cancer, need to be made without a satisfactory understanding of the underlying biological and other processes. Rather, they are often informed by mathematical models that approximate reality. Often multiple models have been made to study the same phenomenon, which may lead to conflicting decisions. It is natural to seek a decision making process that identifies decisions that all models find to be effective, and we propose such a framework in this work. We apply the framework in prostate cancer screening to identify prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based strategies that perform well under all considered models. We use heuristic search to identify strategies that trade off between optimizing the average across all models' assessments and being "conservative" by optimizing the most pessimistic model assessment. We identified three recently published mathematical models that can estimate quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) of PSA-based screening strategies and identified 64 strategies that trade off between maximizing the average and the most pessimistic model assessments. All prescribe PSA thresholds that increase with age, and 57 involve biennial screening. Strategies with higher assessments with the pessimistic model start screening later, stop screening earlier, and use higher PSA thresholds at earlier ages. The 64 strategies outperform 22 previously published expert-generated strategies. The 41 most "conservative" ones remained better than no screening with all models in extensive sensitivity analyses. We augment current comparative modeling approaches by identifying strategies that perform well under all models, for various degrees of decision makers' conservativeness.

A Large-Scale RNAi Screen Identifies SGK1 as a Key Survival Kinase for GBM Stem Cells.

PubMed

Kulkarni, Shreya; Goel-Bhattacharya, Surbhi; Sengupta, Sejuti; Cochran, Brent H

2018-01-01

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain cancer and has a very poor prognosis. A subpopulation of cells known as GBM stem-like cells (GBM-SC) have the capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth and possess molecular characteristics similar to the parental tumor. GBM-SCs are known to be enriched in hypoxic niches and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, to identify genetic determinants important for the proliferation and survival of GBM stem cells, an unbiased pooled shRNA screen of 10,000 genes was conducted under normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions. A number of essential genes were identified that are required for GBM-SC growth, under either or both oxygen conditions, in two different GBM-SC lines. Interestingly, only about a third of the essential genes were common to both cell lines. The oxygen environment significantly impacts the cellular genetic dependencies as 30% of the genes required under hypoxia were not required under normoxic conditions. In addition to identifying essential genes already implicated in GBM such as CDK4, KIF11 , and RAN , the screen also identified new genes that have not been previously implicated in GBM stem cell biology. The importance of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) for cellular survival was validated in multiple patient-derived GBM stem cell lines using shRNA, CRISPR, and pharmacologic inhibitors. However, SGK1 depletion and inhibition has little effect on traditional serum grown glioma lines and on differentiated GBM-SCs indicating its specific importance in GBM stem cell survival. Implications: This study identifies genes required for the growth and survival of GBM stem cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and finds SGK1 as a novel potential drug target for GBM. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 103-14. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

[Study on material basis of essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription on activating blood circulation].

PubMed

Wang, Yuan-Qing; Yan, Jian-Ye; Gong, Li-Min; Luo, Kun; Li, Shun-Xiang; Yang, Yan-Tao; Xie, Yu

2014-08-01

To explore the component difference of the serum containing essential oil from Yin Teng Gu Bi Kang prescription in pathologic and physiologic rat models, and to reveal the material basis of its efficacy of activating blood circulation. The essential oils were obtained by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction and the ingredients of the essential oils in vitro and in vivo (under physiological and pathological status) were analyzed by GC-MS to compare differences of the essential oil under physiological and pathological status in rats. 32 components were identified with the main components of Z-ligustilide (39.23%) and d-limonene (21.7%) in the essential oil. In vivo analysis on the essential oil indicated that 16 components were identified, 7 existed originally in essential oil and 9 were metabolites under physiological status; while 22 components were identified, 10 existed originally in essential oil and 12 were metabolites under pathological status (acute blood stasis). There were 7 common prototypes and 8 common metabolites under different physiological status. The absorption and metabolism of essential oils were affected by blood stasis and the compounds migrating to blood may be the effective substance in activating blood circulation.

Phenotypic Signatures Arising from Unbalanced Bacterial Growth

PubMed Central

Tan, Cheemeng; Smith, Robert Phillip; Tsai, Ming-Chi; Schwartz, Russell; You, Lingchong

2014-01-01

Fluctuations in the growth rate of a bacterial culture during unbalanced growth are generally considered undesirable in quantitative studies of bacterial physiology. Under well-controlled experimental conditions, however, these fluctuations are not random but instead reflect the interplay between intra-cellular networks underlying bacterial growth and the growth environment. Therefore, these fluctuations could be considered quantitative phenotypes of the bacteria under a specific growth condition. Here, we present a method to identify “phenotypic signatures” by time-frequency analysis of unbalanced growth curves measured with high temporal resolution. The signatures are then applied to differentiate amongst different bacterial strains or the same strain under different growth conditions, and to identify the essential architecture of the gene network underlying the observed growth dynamics. Our method has implications for both basic understanding of bacterial physiology and for the classification of bacterial strains. PMID:25101949

Phenotypic signatures arising from unbalanced bacterial growth.

PubMed

Tan, Cheemeng; Smith, Robert Phillip; Tsai, Ming-Chi; Schwartz, Russell; You, Lingchong

2014-08-01

Fluctuations in the growth rate of a bacterial culture during unbalanced growth are generally considered undesirable in quantitative studies of bacterial physiology. Under well-controlled experimental conditions, however, these fluctuations are not random but instead reflect the interplay between intra-cellular networks underlying bacterial growth and the growth environment. Therefore, these fluctuations could be considered quantitative phenotypes of the bacteria under a specific growth condition. Here, we present a method to identify "phenotypic signatures" by time-frequency analysis of unbalanced growth curves measured with high temporal resolution. The signatures are then applied to differentiate amongst different bacterial strains or the same strain under different growth conditions, and to identify the essential architecture of the gene network underlying the observed growth dynamics. Our method has implications for both basic understanding of bacterial physiology and for the classification of bacterial strains.

Use of OSHA inspections data for fatal occupational injury surveillance in New Jersey.

PubMed Central

Stanbury, M; Goldoft, M

1990-01-01

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) computerized inspections data, death certificates, and medical examiner records identified 204 fatal occupational injuries in New Jersey, 1984-85. OSHA computerized data uniquely identified seven cases. They did not identify 35 fatalities under OSHA's jurisdiction, of which 24 were investigated by OSHA but not recorded, four were not considered work-related, and seven were not known to OSHA. Eighty-seven were outside OSHA's jurisdiction; 28 were among the self-employed who are not under the health and safety protection of any governmental agency. PMID:2297066

When the face says it all: dysmorphology in identifying syndromic causes of epilepsy.

PubMed

Dixit, Abhijit; Suri, Mohnish

2016-04-01

Identifying the underlying cause of epilepsy often helps in choosing the appropriate management, suggests the long-term prognosis and clarifies the risk of the same condition in relatives. Epilepsy has many causes and a small but significant proportion of affected people have an identifiable genetic cause. Here, we discuss the role of genetic testing in adults with epilepsy, focusing on dysmorphic features noticeable on physical examination that might provide a strong clue to a specific genetic syndrome. We give illustrative examples of recognisable facial 'gestalt'. An astute clinician can recognise such clues and significantly shorten the process of making the underlying diagnosis in their patient. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

48 CFR 13.303-3 - Preparation of BPAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... made under the BPA. (3) Purchase limitation. A statement that specifies the dollar limitation for each individual purchase under the BPA (see 13.303-5(b)). (4) Individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA. A statement that a list of individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA, identified either by title of...

48 CFR 13.303-3 - Preparation of BPAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... made under the BPA. (3) Purchase limitation. A statement that specifies the dollar limitation for each individual purchase under the BPA (see 13.303-5(b)). (4) Individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA. A statement that a list of individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA, identified either by title of...

48 CFR 13.303-3 - Preparation of BPAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... made under the BPA. (3) Purchase limitation. A statement that specifies the dollar limitation for each individual purchase under the BPA (see 13.303-5(b)). (4) Individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA. A statement that a list of individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA, identified either by title of...

48 CFR 13.303-3 - Preparation of BPAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... made under the BPA. (3) Purchase limitation. A statement that specifies the dollar limitation for each individual purchase under the BPA (see 13.303-5(b)). (4) Individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA. A statement that a list of individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA, identified either by title of...

48 CFR 13.303-3 - Preparation of BPAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... made under the BPA. (3) Purchase limitation. A statement that specifies the dollar limitation for each individual purchase under the BPA (see 13.303-5(b)). (4) Individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA. A statement that a list of individuals authorized to purchase under the BPA, identified either by title of...

Evaluating the Atrial Myopathy Underlying Atrial Fibrillation: Identifying the Arrhythmogenic and Thrombogenic Substrate

PubMed Central

Goldberger, Jeffrey J.; Arora, Rishi; Green, David; Greenland, Philip; Lee, Daniel C.; Lloyd-Jones, Donald M.; Markl, Michael; Ng, Jason; Shah, Sanjiv J.

2015-01-01

Atrial disease or myopathy forms the substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and underlies the potential for atrial thrombus formation and subsequent stroke. Current diagnostic approaches in patients with AF focus on identifying clinical predictors with evaluation of left atrial size by echocardiography serving as the sole measure specifically evaluating the atrium. Although the atrial substrate underlying AF is likely developing for years prior to the onset of AF, there is no current evaluation to identify the pre-clinical atrial myopathy. Atrial fibrosis is one component of the atrial substrate that has garnered recent attention based on newer MRI techniques that have been applied to visualize atrial fibrosis in humans with prognostic implications regarding success of treatment. Advanced ECG signal processing, echocardiographic techniques, and MRI imaging of fibrosis and flow provide up-to-date approaches to evaluate the atrial myopathy underlying AF. While thromboembolic risk is currently defined by clinical scores, their predictive value is mediocre. Evaluation of stasis via imaging and biomarkers associated with thrombogenesis may provide enhanced approaches to assess risk for stroke in patients with AF. Better delineation of the atrial myopathy that serves as the substrate for AF and thromboembolic complications might improve treatment outcomes. Furthermore, better delineation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development of the atrial substrate for AF, particularly in its earlier stages, could help identify blood and imaging biomarkers that could be useful to assess risk for developing new onset AF and suggest specific pathways that could be targeted for prevention. PMID:26216085

Identification of Vehicle Axle Loads from Bridge Dynamic Responses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ZHU, X. Q.; LAW, S. S.

2000-09-01

A method is presented to identify moving loads on a bridge deck modelled as an orthotropic rectangular plate. The dynamic behavior of the bridge deck under moving loads is analyzed using the orthotropic plate theory and modal superposition principle, and Tikhonov regularization procedure is applied to provide bounds to the identified forces in the time domain. The identified results using a beam model and a plate model of the bridge deck are compared, and the conditions under which the bridge deck can be simplified as an equivalent beam model are discussed. Computation simulation and laboratory tests show the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method in identifying forces travelling along the central line or at an eccentric path on the bridge deck.

21 CFR 1405.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces? 1405.230... DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Requirements for Recipients Other Than Individuals § 1405.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each...

29 CFR 94.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true How and when must I identify workplaces? 94.230 Section 94.230 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE... identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each Department of Labor award. A...

22 CFR 133.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces? 133... FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Requirements for Recipients Other Than Individuals § 133.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each...

22 CFR 210.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces? 210... FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Requirements for Recipients Other Than Individuals § 210.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each...

28 CFR 83.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces... REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) Requirements for Recipients Other Than Individuals § 83.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each Department...

22 CFR 133.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces? 133.230 Section 133.230 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE MISCELLANEOUS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS... § 133.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each...

26 CFR 41.6109-1 - Identifying numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Identifying numbers. 41.6109-1 Section 41.6109... Application to Tax On Use of Certain Highway Motor Vehicles § 41.6109-1 Identifying numbers. Every person required under § 41.6011(a)-1 to make a return must provide the identifying number required by the...

26 CFR 41.6109-1 - Identifying numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Identifying numbers. 41.6109-1 Section 41.6109... Application to Tax On Use of Certain Highway Motor Vehicles § 41.6109-1 Identifying numbers. Every person required under § 41.6011(a)-1 to make a return must provide the identifying number required by the...

26 CFR 41.6109-1 - Identifying numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Identifying numbers. 41.6109-1 Section 41.6109... Application to Tax On Use of Certain Highway Motor Vehicles § 41.6109-1 Identifying numbers. Every person required under § 41.6011(a)-1 to make a return must provide the identifying number required by the...

34 CFR 379.21 - What is the content of an application for an award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... grant activities, including how the BAC will— (i) Identify job and career availability within the... 1998; (ii) Identify the skills necessary to perform the jobs and careers identified; and (iii) For individuals with disabilities in fields related to the job and career availability identified under paragraph...

34 CFR 379.21 - What is the content of an application for an award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... grant activities, including how the BAC will— (i) Identify job and career availability within the... 1998; (ii) Identify the skills necessary to perform the jobs and careers identified; and (iii) For individuals with disabilities in fields related to the job and career availability identified under paragraph...

34 CFR 379.21 - What is the content of an application for an award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... grant activities, including how the BAC will— (i) Identify job and career availability within the... 1998; (ii) Identify the skills necessary to perform the jobs and careers identified; and (iii) For individuals with disabilities in fields related to the job and career availability identified under paragraph...

Integrating Genetic and Gene Co-expression Analysis Identifies Gene Networks Involved in Alcohol and Stress Responses

PubMed Central

Luo, Jie; Xu, Pei; Cao, Peijian; Wan, Hongjian; Lv, Xiaonan; Xu, Shengchun; Wang, Gangjun; Cook, Melloni N.; Jones, Byron C.; Lu, Lu; Wang, Xusheng

2018-01-01

Although the link between stress and alcohol is well recognized, the underlying mechanisms of how they interplay at the molecular level remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify molecular networks underlying the effects of alcohol and stress responses, as well as their interaction on anxiety behaviors in the hippocampus of mice using a systems genetics approach. Here, we applied a gene co-expression network approach to transcriptomes of 41 BXD mouse strains under four conditions: stress, alcohol, stress-induced alcohol and control. The co-expression analysis identified 14 modules and characterized four expression patterns across the four conditions. The four expression patterns include up-regulation in no restraint stress and given an ethanol injection (NOE) but restoration in restraint stress followed by an ethanol injection (RSE; pattern 1), down-regulation in NOE but rescue in RSE (pattern 2), up-regulation in both restraint stress followed by a saline injection (RSS) and NOE, and further amplification in RSE (pattern 3), and up-regulation in RSS but reduction in both NOE and RSE (pattern 4). We further identified four functional subnetworks by superimposing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to the 14 co-expression modules, including γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA) signaling, glutamate signaling, neuropeptide signaling, cAMP-dependent signaling. We further performed module specificity analysis to identify modules that are specific to stress, alcohol, or stress-induced alcohol responses. Finally, we conducted causality analysis to link genetic variation to these identified modules, and anxiety behaviors after stress and alcohol treatments. This study underscores the importance of integrative analysis and offers new insights into the molecular networks underlying stress and alcohol responses. PMID:29674951

Climate Change and the Potential Distribution of an Invasive Shrub, Lantana camara L

PubMed Central

Taylor, Subhashni; Kumar, Lalit; Reid, Nick; Kriticos, Darren J.

2012-01-01

The threat posed by invasive species, in particular weeds, to biodiversity may be exacerbated by climate change. Lantana camara L. (lantana) is a woody shrub that is highly invasive in many countries of the world. It has a profound economic and environmental impact worldwide, including Australia. Knowledge of the likely potential distribution of this invasive species under current and future climate will be useful in planning better strategies to manage the invasion. A process-oriented niche model of L. camara was developed using CLIMEX to estimate its potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The model was calibrated using data from several knowledge domains, including phenological observations and geographic distribution records. The potential distribution of lantana under historical climate exceeded the current distribution in some areas of the world, notably Africa and Asia. Under future scenarios, the climatically suitable areas for L. camara globally were projected to contract. However, some areas were identified in North Africa, Europe and Australia that may become climatically suitable under future climates. In South Africa and China, its potential distribution could expand further inland. These results can inform strategic planning by biosecurity agencies, identifying areas to target for eradication or containment. Distribution maps of risk of potential invasion can be useful tools in public awareness campaigns, especially in countries that have been identified as becoming climatically suitable for L. camara under the future climate scenarios. PMID:22536408

Robust crop and weed segmentation under uncontrolled outdoor illumination.

PubMed

Jeon, Hong Y; Tian, Lei F; Zhu, Heping

2011-01-01

An image processing algorithm for detecting individual weeds was developed and evaluated. Weed detection processes included were normalized excessive green conversion, statistical threshold value estimation, adaptive image segmentation, median filter, morphological feature calculation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The developed algorithm was validated for its ability to identify and detect weeds and crop plants under uncontrolled outdoor illuminations. A machine vision implementing field robot captured field images under outdoor illuminations and the image processing algorithm automatically processed them without manual adjustment. The errors of the algorithm, when processing 666 field images, ranged from 2.1 to 2.9%. The ANN correctly detected 72.6% of crop plants from the identified plants, and considered the rest as weeds. However, the ANN identification rates for crop plants were improved up to 95.1% by addressing the error sources in the algorithm. The developed weed detection and image processing algorithm provides a novel method to identify plants against soil background under the uncontrolled outdoor illuminations, and to differentiate weeds from crop plants. Thus, the proposed new machine vision and processing algorithm may be useful for outdoor applications including plant specific direct applications (PSDA).

Identifying the bad guy in a lineup using confidence judgments under deadline pressure.

PubMed

Brewer, Neil; Weber, Nathan; Wootton, David; Lindsay, D Stephen

2012-10-01

Eyewitness-identification tests often culminate in witnesses not picking the culprit or identifying innocent suspects. We tested a radical alternative to the traditional lineup procedure used in such tests. Rather than making a positive identification, witnesses made confidence judgments under a short deadline about whether each lineup member was the culprit. We compared this deadline procedure with the traditional sequential-lineup procedure in three experiments with retention intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 week. A classification algorithm that identified confidence criteria that optimally discriminated accurate from inaccurate decisions revealed that decision accuracy was 24% to 66% higher under the deadline procedure than under the traditional procedure. Confidence profiles across lineup stimuli were more informative than were identification decisions about the likelihood that an individual witness recognized the culprit or correctly recognized that the culprit was not present. Large differences between the maximum and the next-highest confidence value signaled very high accuracy. Future support for this procedure across varied conditions would highlight a viable alternative to the problematic lineup procedures that have traditionally been used by law enforcement.

Genome wide association study (GWAS) for grain yield in rice cultivated under water deficit.

PubMed

Pantalião, Gabriel Feresin; Narciso, Marcelo; Guimarães, Cléber; Castro, Adriano; Colombari, José Manoel; Breseghello, Flavio; Rodrigues, Luana; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Borba, Tereza Oliveira; Brondani, Claudio

2016-12-01

The identification of rice drought tolerant materials is crucial for the development of best performing cultivars for the upland cultivation system. This study aimed to identify markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance by Genome Wide Association Study analysis, in order to develop tools for use in rice breeding programs. This analysis was made with 175 upland rice accessions (Oryza sativa), evaluated in experiments with and without water restriction, and 150,325 SNPs. Thirteen SNP markers associated with yield under drought conditions were identified. Through stepwise regression analysis, eight SNP markers were selected and validated in silico, and when tested by PCR, two out of the eight SNP markers were able to identify a group of rice genotypes with higher productivity under drought. These results are encouraging for deriving markers for the routine analysis of marker assisted selection. From the drought experiment, including the genes inherited in linkage blocks, 50 genes were identified, from which 30 were annotated, and 10 were previously related to drought and/or abiotic stress tolerance, such as the transcription factors WRKY and Apetala2, and protein kinases.

A screen for immunity genes evolving under positive selection in Drosophila.

PubMed

Jiggins, F M; Kim, K W

2007-05-01

Genes involved in the immune system tend to have higher rates of adaptive evolution than other genes in the genome, probably because they are coevolving with pathogens. We have screened a sample of Drosophila genes to identify those evolving under positive selection. First, we identified rapidly evolving immunity genes by comparing 140 loci in Drosophila erecta and D. yakuba. Secondly, we resequenced 23 of the fastest evolving genes from the independent species pair D. melanogaster and D. simulans, and identified those under positive selection using a McDonald-Kreitman test. There was strong evidence of adaptive evolution in two serine proteases (persephone and spirit) and a homolog of the Anopheles serpin SRPN6, and weaker evidence in another serine protease and the death domain protein dFADD. These results add to mounting evidence that immune signalling pathway molecules often evolve rapidly, possibly because they are sites of host-parasite coevolution.

26 CFR 41.6109-1 - Identifying numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Identifying numbers. 41.6109-1 Section 41.6109-1... Application to Tax On Use of Certain Highway Motor Vehicles § 41.6109-1 Identifying numbers. Every person required under § 41.6011(a)-1 to make a return must provide the identifying number required by the...

Threats from urban expansion, agricultural transformation and forest loss on global conservation priority areas.

PubMed

Veach, Victoria; Moilanen, Atte; Di Minin, Enrico

2017-01-01

Including threats in spatial conservation prioritization helps identify areas for conservation actions where biodiversity is at imminent risk of extinction. At the global level, an important limitation when identifying spatial priorities for conservation actions is the lack of information on the spatial distribution of threats. Here, we identify spatial conservation priorities under three prominent threats to biodiversity (residential and commercial development, agricultural expansion, and forest loss), which are primary drivers of habitat loss and threaten the persistence of the highest number of species in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and for which spatial data is available. We first explore how global priority areas for the conservation of vertebrate (mammals, birds, and amphibians) species coded in the Red List as vulnerable to each threat differ spatially. We then identify spatial conservation priorities for all species vulnerable to all threats. Finally, we identify the potentially most threatened areas by overlapping the identified priority areas for conservation with maps for each threat. We repeat the same with four other well-known global conservation priority area schemes, namely Key Biodiversity Areas, Biodiversity Hotspots, the global Protected Area Network, and Wilderness Areas. We find that residential and commercial development directly threatens only about 4% of the global top 17% priority areas for species vulnerable under this threat. However, 50% of the high priority areas for species vulnerable to forest loss overlap with areas that have already experienced some forest loss. Agricultural expansion overlapped with ~20% of high priority areas. Biodiversity Hotspots had the greatest proportion of their total area under direct threat from all threats, while expansion of low intensity agriculture was found to pose an imminent threat to Wilderness Areas under future agricultural expansion. Our results identify areas where limited resources should be allocated to mitigate risks to vertebrate species from habitat loss.

Threats from urban expansion, agricultural transformation and forest loss on global conservation priority areas

PubMed Central

Moilanen, Atte; Di Minin, Enrico

2017-01-01

Including threats in spatial conservation prioritization helps identify areas for conservation actions where biodiversity is at imminent risk of extinction. At the global level, an important limitation when identifying spatial priorities for conservation actions is the lack of information on the spatial distribution of threats. Here, we identify spatial conservation priorities under three prominent threats to biodiversity (residential and commercial development, agricultural expansion, and forest loss), which are primary drivers of habitat loss and threaten the persistence of the highest number of species in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and for which spatial data is available. We first explore how global priority areas for the conservation of vertebrate (mammals, birds, and amphibians) species coded in the Red List as vulnerable to each threat differ spatially. We then identify spatial conservation priorities for all species vulnerable to all threats. Finally, we identify the potentially most threatened areas by overlapping the identified priority areas for conservation with maps for each threat. We repeat the same with four other well-known global conservation priority area schemes, namely Key Biodiversity Areas, Biodiversity Hotspots, the global Protected Area Network, and Wilderness Areas. We find that residential and commercial development directly threatens only about 4% of the global top 17% priority areas for species vulnerable under this threat. However, 50% of the high priority areas for species vulnerable to forest loss overlap with areas that have already experienced some forest loss. Agricultural expansion overlapped with ~20% of high priority areas. Biodiversity Hotspots had the greatest proportion of their total area under direct threat from all threats, while expansion of low intensity agriculture was found to pose an imminent threat to Wilderness Areas under future agricultural expansion. Our results identify areas where limited resources should be allocated to mitigate risks to vertebrate species from habitat loss. PMID:29182662

Fundamental study of ash formation and deposition: Effect of reducing stoichiometry. Final report, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bool, L.E. III; Helble, J.J.; Shah, N.

1995-09-01

The technical objectives of this project are: (1) To identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions are considered. (2) To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occur. Emphasis is placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under sub-stoichiometric combustion conditions. (3) To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation.

Transcriptome analysis of two recombinant inbred lines of common bean contrasting for symbiotic nitrogen fixation

PubMed Central

Kamfwa, Kelvin; Zhao, Dongyan; Kelly, James D.

2017-01-01

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N2) through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) at levels lower than other grain legume crops. An understanding of the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying SNF will enable more effective strategies for the genetic improvement of SNF traits in common bean. In this study, transcriptome profiling was used to identify genes and molecular mechanisms underlying SNF differences between two common bean recombinant inbred lines that differed in their N-fixing abilities. Differential gene expression and functional enrichment analyses were performed on leaves, nodules and roots of the two lines when grown under N-fixing and non-fixing conditions. Receptor kinases, transmembrane transporters, and transcription factors were among the differentially expressed genes identified under N-fixing conditions, but not under non-fixing conditions. Genes up-regulated in the stronger nitrogen fixer, SA36, included those involved in molecular functions such as purine nucleoside binding, oxidoreductase and transmembrane receptor activities in nodules, and transport activity in roots. Transcription factors identified in this study are candidates for future work aimed at understanding the functional role of these genes in SNF. Information generated in this study will support the development of gene-based markers to accelerate genetic improvement of SNF in common bean. PMID:28192540

Understanding the underlying drivers of inpatient cost growth: a literature review.

PubMed

Goetghebeur, Mireille M; Forrest, Sharon; Hay, Joel W

2003-06-01

After the declining growth in inpatient hospital spending that occurred from 1994 through 1998, the recent trend in increased spending has been of concern to many. Understanding the underlying reasons for this new growth will aid decision makers in finding best means to manage inpatient costs. To identify potential contributors to recent growth in inpatient spending. Literature review. Healthcare and economic databases, prominent Web sites, and key journals were searched to identify potential drivers for the 1999-2001 rise in inpatient spending. Initial literature review and state-level regression analyses published in a companion paper were used to identify key explanatory factors, which were further explored. Although many of the contributors to the rise in inpatient costs overlap and are interrelated, the major cost drivers were identified as (1) workforce shortage; (2) new technology; (3) less tightly managed care; and (4) shifting hospital business directions. Underlying factors such as legislation, quality of care, limited access to noninpatient care, pressures on the safety net, population aging, and increasing chronic illness prevalence were found to influence the contributors and healthcare spending in general. Future trends in inpatient spending will depend on the response of the healthcare system to these cost drivers and underlying factors. Potential avenues to control inpatient spending include expanding access to primary care, encouraging cost-effective technology and more efficient hospital market structures, and developing incentives for the healthcare workforce.

The quality of Indigenous identification in administrative health data in Australia: insights from studies using data linkage

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Missing or incorrect Indigenous status in health records hinders monitoring of Indigenous health indicators. Linkage of administrative data has been used to improve the ascertainment of Indigenous status. Data linkage was pioneered in Western Australia (WA) and is now being used in other Australian states. This systematic review appraises peer-reviewed Australian studies that used data linkage to elucidate the impact of under-ascertainment of Indigenous status on health indicators. Methods A PubMed search identified eligible studies that used Australian linked data to interrogate Indigenous identification using more than one identifier and interrogated the impact of the different identifiers on estimation of Indigenous health indicators. Results Eight papers were included, five from WA and three from New South Wales (NSW). The WA papers included a self-identified Indigenous community cohort and showed improved identification in hospital separation data after 2000. In CVD hospitalised patients (2000–05), under-identification was greater in urban residents, older people and socially more advantaged Indigenous people, with varying algorithms giving different estimates of under-count. Age-standardised myocardial infarction incidence rates (2000–2004) increased by about 10%-15% with improved identification. Under-ascertainment of Indigenous identification overestimated secular improvements in life expectancy and mortality whereas correcting infectious disease notifications resulted in lower Indigenous/ non-Indigenous rate ratios. NSW has a history of poor Indigenous identification in administrative data systems, but the NSW papers confirmed the usefulness of data linkage for improving Indigenous identification and the potential for very different estimates of Indigenous disease indicators depending upon the algorithm used for identification. Conclusions Under-identification of Indigenous status must be addressed in health analyses concerning Indigenous health differentials – they cannot be ignored or wished away. This problem can be substantially diminished through data linkage. Under-identification of Indigenous status impacts differently in different disease contexts, generally resulting in under-estimation of absolute and relative Indigenous health indicators, but may perversely overestimate Indigenous rates and differentials in the setting of stigma-associated conditions such as sexually-transmitted and blood-borne virus infections. Under-numeration in Census surveys also needs consideration to address the added problem of denominator undercounts. PMID:23157943

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen allergenicity: SuperSAGE transcriptomic analysis upon elevated CO2 and drought stress

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Pollen of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is a main cause of allergic diseases in Northern America. The weed has recently become spreading as a neophyte in Europe, while climate change may also affect the growth of the plant and additionally may also influence pollen allergenicity. To gain better insight in the molecular mechanisms in the development of ragweed pollen and its allergenic proteins under global change scenarios, we generated SuperSAGE libraries to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Results Ragweed plants were grown in a greenhouse under 380 ppm CO2 and under elevated level of CO2 (700 ppm). In addition, drought experiments under both CO2 concentrations were performed. The pollen viability was not altered under elevated CO2, whereas drought stress decreased its viability. Increased levels of individual flavonoid metabolites were found under elevated CO2 and/or drought. Total RNA was isolated from ragweed pollen, exposed to the four mentioned scenarios and four SuperSAGE libraries were constructed. The library dataset included 236,942 unique sequences, showing overlapping as well as clear differently expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The analysis targeted ESTs known in Ambrosia, as well as in pollen of other plants. Among the identified ESTs, those encoding allergenic ragweed proteins (Amb a) increased under elevated CO2 and drought stress. In addition, ESTs encoding allergenic proteins in other plants were also identified. Conclusions The analysis of changes in the transcriptome of ragweed pollen upon CO2 and drought stress using SuperSAGE indicates that under global change scenarios the pollen transcriptome was altered, and impacts the allergenic potential of ragweed pollen. PMID:24972689

30 CFR 251.8 - Inspection and reporting requirements for activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... exploration or scientific research activities under a permit. They will determine whether operations are... operations. (2) You must submit a final report of exploration or scientific research activities under a... scientific research activities were conducted. Identify the lines of geophysical traverses and their...

Under Summer Skies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texley, Juliana

2009-01-01

There's no better way to celebrate 2009, the International Year of Astronomy, than by curling up with a good book under summer skies. To every civilization, in every age, the skies inspired imagination and scientific inquiry. There's no better place to start your summer reading than under their influence. Here are a few selections identified by…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moreno, Gilberto

Thermal modeling was conducted to evaluate and develop thermal management strategies for high-temperature wide-bandgap (WBG)-based power electronics systems. WBG device temperatures of 175 degrees C to 250 degrees C were modeled under various under-hood temperature environments. Modeling result were used to identify the most effective capacitor cooling strategies under high device temperature conditions.

75 FR 28230 - Request for Extension and Revision of a Currently Approved Information Collection Under the Clear...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... Collection Under the Clear Title Program AGENCY: Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration... reporting and recordkeeping requirements under the ``Clear Title'' regulations as authorized by section 1324.... Instructions: All comments should be identified as ``P&SP, Clear Title Information Collection,'' and should...

7 CFR 3021.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How and when must I identify workplaces? 3021.230... FINANCIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL... workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under each Department of Agriculture award. A failure...

15 CFR 29.230 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... workplaces? 29.230 Section 29.230 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Requirements for Recipients Other Than Individuals § 29.230 How and when must I identify workplaces? (a) You must identify all known workplaces under...

47 CFR 18.211 - Multiple listing of equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... same or essentially the same equipment will be marketed under more than one FCC Identifier, equipment authorization must be requested on an FCC Form 731 for each FCC Identifier. (b) If equipment authorization for additional FCC Identifiers is requested in the initial application, a statement shall be included describing...

40 CFR 51.304 - Identification of integral vistas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Identification of integral vistas. (a) On or before December 31, 1985 the Federal Land Manager may identify any integral vista. The integral vista must be identified according to criteria the Federal Land Manager... Land Manager must notify the State of any integral vistas identified under paragraph (a) of this...

Genomic Regions Associated with Root Traits under Drought Stress in Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)

PubMed Central

Zaidi, P. H.; Krishna, Girish; Krishnamurthy, L.; Gajanan, S.; Babu, Raman; Zerka, M.; Vinayan, M. T.; Vivek, B. S.

2016-01-01

An association mapping panel, named as CIMMYT Asia association mapping (CAAM) panel, involving 396 diverse tropical maize lines were phenotyped for various structural and functional traits of roots under drought and well-watered conditions. The experiment was conducted during Kharif (summer-rainy) season of 2012 and 2013 in root phenotyping facility at CIMMYT-Hyderabad, India. The CAAM panel was genotyped to generate 955, 690 SNPs through GBS v2.7 using Illumina Hi-seq 2000/2500 at Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. GWAS analysis was carried out using 331,390 SNPs filtered from the entire set of SNPs revealed a total of 50 and 67 SNPs significantly associated for root functional (transpiration efficiency, flowering period water use) and structural traits (rooting depth, root dry weight, root length, root volume, root surface area and root length density), respectively. In addition to this, 37 SNPs were identified for grain yield and shoot biomass under well-watered and drought stress. Though many SNPs were found to have significant association with the traits under study, SNPs that were common for more than one trait were discussed in detail. A total 18 SNPs were found to have common association with more than one trait, out of which 12 SNPs were found within or near the various gene functional regions. In this study we attempted to identify the trait specific maize lines based on the presence of favorable alleles for the SNPs associated with multiple traits. Two SNPs S3_128533512 and S7_151238865 were associated with transpiration efficiency, shoot biomass and grain yield under well-watered condition. Based on favorable allele for these SNPs seven inbred lines were identified. Similarly, four lines were identified for transpiration efficiency and shoot biomass under drought stress based on the presence of favorable allele for the common SNPs S1_211520521, S2_20017716, S3_57210184 and S7_130878458 and three lines were identified for flowering period water-use, transpiration efficiency, root dry weight and root volume based on the presence of favorable allele for the common SNPs S3_162065732 and S3_225760139. PMID:27768702

QTLs for Seed Vigor-Related Traits Identified in Maize Seeds Germinated under Artificial Aging Conditions

PubMed Central

Han, Zanping; Ku, Lixia; Zhang, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Jun; Guo, ShuLei; Liu, Haiying; Zhao, Ruifang; Ren, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Liangkun; Su, Huihui; Dong, Lei; Chen, Yanhui

2014-01-01

High seed vigor is important for agricultural production due to the associated potential for increased growth and productivity. However, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is required because the genetic basis for seed vigor remains unknown. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for four seed vigor traits in two connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) maize populations under four treatment conditions during seed germination. Sixty-five QTLs distributed between the two populations were identified and a meta-analysis was used to integrate genetic maps. Sixty-one initially identified QTLs were integrated into 18 meta-QTLs (mQTLs). Initial QTLs with contribution to phenotypic variation values of R2>10% were integrated into mQTLs. Twenty-three candidate genes for association with seed vigor traits coincided with 13 mQTLs. The candidate genes had functions in the glycolytic pathway and in protein metabolism. QTLs with major effects (R2>10%) were identified under at least one treatment condition for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, and mQTL3-4. Candidate genes included a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene (302810918) involved in signal transduction that mapped in the mQTL3-2 interval associated with germination energy (GE) and germination percentage (GP), and an hsp20/alpha crystallin family protein gene (At5g51440) that mapped in the mQTL3-4 interval associated with GE and GP. Two initial QTLs with a major effect under at least two treatment conditions were identified for mQTL5-2. A cucumisin-like Ser protease gene (At5g67360) mapped in the mQTL5-2 interval associated with GP. The chromosome regions for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, mQTL3-4, and mQTL5-2 may be hot spots for QTLs related to seed vigor traits. The mQTLs and candidate genes identified in this study provide valuable information for the identification of additional quantitative trait genes. PMID:24651614

QTLs for seed vigor-related traits identified in maize seeds germinated under artificial aging conditions.

PubMed

Han, Zanping; Ku, Lixia; Zhang, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Jun; Guo, Shulei; Liu, Haiying; Zhao, Ruifang; Ren, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Liangkun; Su, Huihui; Dong, Lei; Chen, Yanhui

2014-01-01

High seed vigor is important for agricultural production due to the associated potential for increased growth and productivity. However, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is required because the genetic basis for seed vigor remains unknown. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for four seed vigor traits in two connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) maize populations under four treatment conditions during seed germination. Sixty-five QTLs distributed between the two populations were identified and a meta-analysis was used to integrate genetic maps. Sixty-one initially identified QTLs were integrated into 18 meta-QTLs (mQTLs). Initial QTLs with contribution to phenotypic variation values of R(2)>10% were integrated into mQTLs. Twenty-three candidate genes for association with seed vigor traits coincided with 13 mQTLs. The candidate genes had functions in the glycolytic pathway and in protein metabolism. QTLs with major effects (R(2)>10%) were identified under at least one treatment condition for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, and mQTL3-4. Candidate genes included a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene (302810918) involved in signal transduction that mapped in the mQTL3-2 interval associated with germination energy (GE) and germination percentage (GP), and an hsp20/alpha crystallin family protein gene (At5g51440) that mapped in the mQTL3-4 interval associated with GE and GP. Two initial QTLs with a major effect under at least two treatment conditions were identified for mQTL5-2. A cucumisin-like Ser protease gene (At5g67360) mapped in the mQTL5-2 interval associated with GP. The chromosome regions for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, mQTL3-4, and mQTL5-2 may be hot spots for QTLs related to seed vigor traits. The mQTLs and candidate genes identified in this study provide valuable information for the identification of additional quantitative trait genes.

Discordance Between Preoperative and Postoperative Bladder Cancer Location: Implications for Partial-Bladder Radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldsmith, Benjamin; Tucker, Kai; Conway, Robert Greg

2013-03-01

Purpose: There is strong interest in partial-bladder radiation whether as a boost or definitive therapy to limit long-term toxicity. It is unclear that a standard preoperative examination can accurately identify all sites of disease within the bladder. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between preoperative localization of bladder tumors with postoperative findings to facilitate partial-bladder radiation techniques when appropriate. Methods and Materials: We examined patients with clinically staged T1-T4 invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) or TCC with variant histology with no history of radiation or partial cystectomy undergoing radical cystectomy. Patients were scored as “under-detected” ifmore » a bladder site was involved with invasive disease (≥T1) at the time of cystectomy, but not identified preoperatively. Patients were additionally scored as “widely under-detected” if they had postoperative lesions that were not identified preoperatively in a given site, nor in any adjacent site. Rates of under-detected and widely under-detected lesions, as well as univariate and multivariate association between clinical variables and under-detection, were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: Among 222 patients, 96% (213/222) had at least 1 area of discordance. Fifty-eight percent of patients were under-detected in at least 1 location, whereas 12% were widely under-detected. Among 24 patients with a single site of disease on preoperative evaluation, 21/24 (88%) had at least 1 under-detected lesion and 14/24 (58%) were widely under-detected. On multivariate analysis, only solitary site of preoperative disease was associated with increased levels of under-detection of invasive disease (OR = 4.161, 95% CI, 1.368-12.657). Conclusion: Our study shows a stark discordance between preoperative and postoperative localization of bladder tumors. From a clinical perspective, incomplete localization of all sites of disease within the bladder may lead to marginal misses when a partial-bladder technique is used.« less

49 CFR 577.11 - Reimbursement notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-notification remedies and identify the type of remedy eligible for reimbursement; (3) Identify any limits on..., and arguments, that all covered vehicles are under warranty or that no person would be eligible for...

Early Identification of Student Performance and Effort Using an Online Homework System: A Pilot Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perdian, David C.

2013-10-01

Two distinct student groups, in terms of academic performance, were identified early in the semester as either being under-performing students or over-performing students using an online homework system. The students who are identified as under-performing received, on average, lower grades than their fellow students but spent more time completing the homework assignments. These students are great candidates for targeted advertisement of student resources such as tutoring services. The students who are identified in the over-performing student population received higher grades than their fellow students, but spent less time completing the homework assignments. These students are great candidates for honors programs, independent research projects, and peer-tutoring programs. Incorporating these evaluation criteria to online homework systems will allow instructors to quickly identify students in these academic student populations.

Power conversion process in magnetoelectric gyrators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhuang, X.; Leung, C. M.; Li, J.; Viehland, D.

2017-09-01

We have investigated the power conversion and loss processes in magnetoelectric gyrators. Two types of loss mechanisms were identified by using a transformer-gyrator structure, which transfers power between magnetic and magnetomechanical forms. A missing portion of the power in a gyrator was then identified to be a returned power from the load resistor under low drive conditions. Under high drive conditions, decreases in both the magnetostriction and mechanical quality factor resulted in additional inefficiencies. Power transfer efficiencies of greater than 70% and 50% were achieved for magnetoelectric (ME) gyrators based on Metglas/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 laminated composites under low power drive and high power density drive (60 W/in.3) conditions, respectively.

RCRA, superfund and EPCRA hotline training module. Introduction to: Tanks (40 cfr parts 264/265, subpart j) updated July 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-07-01

The module identifies, based on tank contents and operation, tanks that are regulated under parts 264/265, subpart J. It defines specific terms pertaining to hazardous waste tanks, and provides CFR or Federal Register citations. It distinguishes `new tanks` from `existing tanks` and identifies how this status affects applicable regulations. It discusses secondary containment requirements for liners, vaults, and double-walled tanks, as well as secondary containment for ancillary equipment. It identifies which of the hazardous waste requirements were promulgated under the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) and non-HSWA authority and explains how each applies in authorized and unauthorized states.

[Finnish disease heritage].

PubMed

Kestilä, Marjo; Ikonen, Elina; Lehesjoki, Anna-Elina

2010-01-01

The Finnish disease heritage refers to rare hereditary diseases that occur in the Finnish population in a relatively larger proportion than in other populations. The genes underlying all of the 36 diseases of the disease heritage have been identified. Together with her group and collaborators, Leena Palotie identified 15 of these, and this review includes the description of some of these achievements. As a result of the so-called founder effect, one predominant mutation underlying these diseases occurs in our population, facilitating the diagnostics of these diseases in our country.

Identifying appropriate protected areas for endangered fern species under climate change.

PubMed

Wang, Chun-Jing; Wan, Ji-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang; Zhang, Gang-Min

2016-01-01

The management of protected areas (PAs) is widely used in the conservation of endangered plant species under climate change. However, studies that have identified appropriate PAs for endangered fern species are rare. To address this gap, we must develop a workflow to plan appropriate PAs for endangered fern species that will be further impacted by climate change. Here, we used endangered fern species in China as a case study, and we applied conservation planning software coupled with endangered fern species distribution data and distribution modeling to plan conservation areas with high priority protection needs under climate change. We identified appropriate PAs for endangered fern species under climate change based on the IUCN protected area categories (from Ia to VI) and planned additional PAs for endangered fern species. The high priority regions for protecting the endangered fern species were distributed throughout southern China. With decreasing temperature seasonality, the priority ranking of all endangered fern species is projected to increase in existing PAs. Accordingly, we need to establish conservation areas with low climate vulnerability in existing PAs and expand the conservation areas for endangered fern species in the high priority conservation regions.

Robust Crop and Weed Segmentation under Uncontrolled Outdoor Illumination

PubMed Central

Jeon, Hong Y.; Tian, Lei F.; Zhu, Heping

2011-01-01

An image processing algorithm for detecting individual weeds was developed and evaluated. Weed detection processes included were normalized excessive green conversion, statistical threshold value estimation, adaptive image segmentation, median filter, morphological feature calculation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The developed algorithm was validated for its ability to identify and detect weeds and crop plants under uncontrolled outdoor illuminations. A machine vision implementing field robot captured field images under outdoor illuminations and the image processing algorithm automatically processed them without manual adjustment. The errors of the algorithm, when processing 666 field images, ranged from 2.1 to 2.9%. The ANN correctly detected 72.6% of crop plants from the identified plants, and considered the rest as weeds. However, the ANN identification rates for crop plants were improved up to 95.1% by addressing the error sources in the algorithm. The developed weed detection and image processing algorithm provides a novel method to identify plants against soil background under the uncontrolled outdoor illuminations, and to differentiate weeds from crop plants. Thus, the proposed new machine vision and processing algorithm may be useful for outdoor applications including plant specific direct applications (PSDA). PMID:22163954

16 CFR Appendix A to Part 1212 - Findings Under the Consumer Product Safety Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and injury from accidental fires started by children playing with multi-purpose lighters. The Commission has identified 196 fires that occurred from 1995 through 1998 that were started by children under... children under age 5 are those which the standard would most effectively reduce. B. The approximate number...

16 CFR Appendix A to Part 1212 - Findings Under the Consumer Product Safety Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and injury from accidental fires started by children playing with multi-purpose lighters. The Commission has identified 196 fires that occurred from 1995 through 1998 that were started by children under... children under age 5 are those which the standard would most effectively reduce. B. The approximate number...

16 CFR Appendix A to Part 1212 - Findings Under the Consumer Product Safety Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and injury from accidental fires started by children playing with multi-purpose lighters. The Commission has identified 196 fires that occurred from 1995 through 1998 that were started by children under... children under age 5 are those which the standard would most effectively reduce. B. The approximate number...

16 CFR Appendix A to Part 1212 - Findings Under the Consumer Product Safety Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and injury from accidental fires started by children playing with multi-purpose lighters. The Commission has identified 196 fires that occurred from 1995 through 1998 that were started by children under... children under age 5 are those which the standard would most effectively reduce. B. The approximate number...

16 CFR Appendix A to Part 1212 - Findings Under the Consumer Product Safety Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and injury from accidental fires started by children playing with multi-purpose lighters. The Commission has identified 196 fires that occurred from 1995 through 1998 that were started by children under... children under age 5 are those which the standard would most effectively reduce. B. The approximate number...

41 CFR 102-34.195 - Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 34-MOTOR VEHICLE MANAGEMENT Identifying and Registering Motor Vehicles Identification Exemptions § 102-34.195 Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this... concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart? 102-34.195 Section 102-34.195 Public Contracts and...

41 CFR 102-34.195 - Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 34-MOTOR VEHICLE MANAGEMENT Identifying and Registering Motor Vehicles Identification Exemptions § 102-34.195 Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this... concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart? 102-34.195 Section 102-34.195 Public Contracts and...

41 CFR 102-34.195 - Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 34-MOTOR VEHICLE MANAGEMENT Identifying and Registering Motor Vehicles Identification Exemptions § 102-34.195 Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this... concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart? 102-34.195 Section 102-34.195 Public Contracts and...

41 CFR 102-34.195 - Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 34-MOTOR VEHICLE MANAGEMENT Identifying and Registering Motor Vehicles Identification Exemptions § 102-34.195 Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this... concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart? 102-34.195 Section 102-34.195 Public Contracts and...

41 CFR 102-34.195 - Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 34-MOTOR VEHICLE MANAGEMENT Identifying and Registering Motor Vehicles Identification Exemptions § 102-34.195 Must we submit a report concerning motor vehicles exempted under this... concerning motor vehicles exempted under this subpart? 102-34.195 Section 102-34.195 Public Contracts and...

40 CFR 725.305 - Persons who may apply under this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a result of the test marketing. A person may apply under this subpart for the following test... for Test Marketing § 725.305 Persons who may apply under this subpart. A person identified in this section may apply for a test marketing exemption. EPA may grant the exemption if the person demonstrates...

13 CFR 119.11 - What information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... in an application under the PRIME program? 119.11 Section 119.11 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program? Each application must contain the..., the following items. (a) For applications seeking Technical Assistance Grants: (1) Identifying...

13 CFR 119.11 - What information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... in an application under the PRIME program? 119.11 Section 119.11 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program? Each application must contain the..., the following items. (a) For applications seeking Technical Assistance Grants: (1) Identifying...

13 CFR 119.11 - What information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... in an application under the PRIME program? 119.11 Section 119.11 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... information will be requested in an application under the PRIME program? Each application must contain the..., the following items. (a) For applications seeking Technical Assistance Grants: (1) Identifying...

30 CFR 254.53 - Submitting a response plan developed under State requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Submitting a response plan developed under....53 Submitting a response plan developed under State requirements. (a) You may submit a response plan... Federal officials and response personnel if there is a spill. (3) Identify any private personnel and...

7 CFR 56.37 - Lot marking of officially identified shell eggs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Lot marking of officially identified shell eggs. 56.37... AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) VOLUNTARY GRADING OF SHELL EGGS Grading of Shell Eggs Identifying and Marking Products § 56.37...

7 CFR 56.37 - Lot marking of officially identified shell eggs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Lot marking of officially identified shell eggs. 56.37... AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) VOLUNTARY GRADING OF SHELL EGGS Grading of Shell Eggs Identifying and Marking Products § 56.37...

2 CFR 1401.330 - How and when must I identify workplaces?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... must identify all known workplaces under each DOI award. A failure to do so is a violation of your drug-free workplace requirements. You may identify the workplaces— (1) To the DOI official that is making... available for inspection upon request by DOI officials or their designated representatives. (b) Your...

Identifying gene networks underlying the neurobiology of ethanol and alcoholism.

PubMed

Wolen, Aaron R; Miles, Michael F

2012-01-01

For complex disorders such as alcoholism, identifying the genes linked to these diseases and their specific roles is difficult. Traditional genetic approaches, such as genetic association studies (including genome-wide association studies) and analyses of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in both humans and laboratory animals already have helped identify some candidate genes. However, because of technical obstacles, such as the small impact of any individual gene, these approaches only have limited effectiveness in identifying specific genes that contribute to complex diseases. The emerging field of systems biology, which allows for analyses of entire gene networks, may help researchers better elucidate the genetic basis of alcoholism, both in humans and in animal models. Such networks can be identified using approaches such as high-throughput molecular profiling (e.g., through microarray-based gene expression analyses) or strategies referred to as genetical genomics, such as the mapping of expression QTLs (eQTLs). Characterization of gene networks can shed light on the biological pathways underlying complex traits and provide the functional context for identifying those genes that contribute to disease development.

Study Identifies New Lymphoma Treatment Target

Cancer.gov

NCI researchers have identified new therapeutic targets for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Drugs that hit these targets are under clinical development and the researchers hope to begin testing them in clinical trials of patients with DLBCL.

Investigation of under-ascertainment in epidemiological studies based in general practice.

PubMed

Sethi, D; Wheeler, J; Rodrigues, L C; Fox, S; Roderick, P

1999-02-01

One of the aims of the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID) in England is to estimate the incidence of IID presenting to general practice. This sub-study aims to estimate and correct the degree of under-ascertainment in the national study. Cases of presumed IID which presented to general practice in the national study had been ascertained by their GP. In 26 general practices, cases with computerized diagnoses suggestive of IID were identified retrospectively. Cases which fulfilled the case definition of IID and should have been ascertained to the coordinating centre but were not, represented the under-ascertainment. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify independent factors which influenced under-ascertainment. The records of 2021 patients were examined, 1514 were eligible and should have been ascertained but only 974 (64%) were. There was variation in ascertainment between the practices (30% to 93%). Patient-related factors independently associated with ascertainment were: i) vomiting only as opposed to diarrhoea with and without vomiting (OR 0.37) and ii) consultation in the surgery as opposed to at home (OR 2.18). Practice-related factors independently associated with ascertainment were: i) participation in the enumeration study component (OR 1.78), ii) a larger number of partners (OR 0.3 for 7-8 partners); iii) rural location (OR 2.27) and iv) previous research experience (OR 1.92). Predicted ascertainment percentages were calculated according to practice characteristics. Under-ascertainment of IID was substantial (36%) and non-random and had to be corrected. Practice characteristics influencing variation in ascertainment were identified and a multivariate model developed to identify adjustment factors which could be applied to individual practices. Researchers need to be aware of factors which influence ascertainment in acute epidemiological studies based in general practice.

Identification and validation of QTL for grain yield and plant water status under contrasting water treatments in fall-sown spring wheats.

PubMed

Zhang, Junli; Gizaw, Shiferaw Abate; Bossolini, Eligio; Hegarty, Joshua; Howell, Tyson; Carter, Arron H; Akhunov, Eduard; Dubcovsky, Jorge

2018-05-16

Chromosome regions affecting grain yield, grain yield components and plant water status were identified and validated in fall-sown spring wheats grown under full and limited irrigation. Increases in wheat production are required to feed a growing human population. To understand the genetic basis of grain yield in fall-sown spring wheats, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 262 photoperiod-insensitive spring wheat accessions grown under full and limited irrigation treatments. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 4.1% of the total variation in the panel was partitioned among accessions originally developed under fall-sowing or spring-sowing conditions, 11.7% among breeding programs within sowing times and 84.2% among accessions within breeding programs. We first identified QTL for grain yield, yield components and plant water status that were significant in at least three environments in the GWAS, and then selected those that were also significant in at least two environments in a panel of eight biparental mapping populations. We identified and validated 14 QTL for grain yield, 15 for number of spikelets per spike, one for kernel number per spike, 11 for kernel weight and 9 for water status, which were not associated with differences in plant height or heading date. We detected significant correlations among traits and colocated QTL that were consistent with those correlations. Among those, grain yield and plant water status were negatively correlated in all environments, and six QTL for these traits were colocated or tightly linked (< 1 cM). QTL identified and validated in this study provide useful information for the improvement of fall-sown spring wheats under full and limited irrigation.

Aggregator: a machine learning approach to identifying MEDLINE articles that derive from the same underlying clinical trial.

PubMed

Shao, Weixiang; Adams, Clive E; Cohen, Aaron M; Davis, John M; McDonagh, Marian S; Thakurta, Sujata; Yu, Philip S; Smalheiser, Neil R

2015-03-01

It is important to identify separate publications that report outcomes from the same underlying clinical trial, in order to avoid over-counting these as independent pieces of evidence. We created positive and negative training sets (comprised of pairs of articles reporting on the same condition and intervention) that were, or were not, linked to the same clinicaltrials.gov trial registry number. Features were extracted from MEDLINE and PubMed metadata; pairwise similarity scores were modeled using logistic regression. Article pairs from the same trial were identified with high accuracy (F1 score=0.843). We also created a clustering tool, Aggregator, that takes as input a PubMed user query for RCTs on a given topic, and returns article clusters predicted to arise from the same clinical trial. Although painstaking examination of full-text may be needed to be conclusive, metadata are surprisingly accurate in predicting when two articles derive from the same underlying clinical trial. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of rice floral organs reveal sugar starvation as a factor in reproductive failure under heat and drought stress.

PubMed

Li, Xia; Lawas, Lovely M F; Malo, Richard; Glaubitz, Ulrike; Erban, Alexander; Mauleon, Ramil; Heuer, Sigrid; Zuther, Ellen; Kopka, Joachim; Hincha, Dirk K; Jagadish, Krishna S V

2015-10-01

Heat and drought stress are projected to become major challenges to sustain rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields with global climate change. Both stresses lead to yield losses when they coincide with flowering. A significant knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic understanding of the responses of rice floral organs that determine reproductive success under stress. Our work connects the metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in anthers, pistils before pollination and pollinated pistils in a heat-tolerant (N22) and a heat-sensitive (Moroberekan) cultivar. Systematic analysis of the floral organs revealed contrasts in metabolic profiles across anthers and pistils. Constitutive metabolic markers were identified that can define reproductive success in rice under stress. Six out of nine candidate metabolites identified by intersection analysis of stressed anthers were differentially accumulated in N22 compared with Moroberekan under non-stress conditions. Sugar metabolism was identified to be the crucial metabolic and transcriptional component that differentiated floral organ tolerance or susceptibility to stress. While susceptible Moroberekan specifically showed high expression of the Carbon Starved Anthers (CSA) gene under combined heat and drought, tolerant N22 responded with high expression of genes encoding a sugar transporter (MST8) and a cell wall invertase (INV4) as markers of high sink strength. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Differentially Expressed microRNAs and Target Genes Associated with Plastic Internode Elongation in Alternanthera philoxeroides in Contrasting Hydrological Habitats

PubMed Central

Li, Gengyun; Deng, Ying; Geng, Yupeng; Zhou, Chengchuan; Wang, Yuguo; Zhang, Wenju; Song, Zhiping; Gao, Lexuan; Yang, Ji

2017-01-01

Phenotypic plasticity is crucial for plants to survive in changing environments. Discovering microRNAs, identifying their targets and further inferring microRNA functions in mediating plastic developmental responses to environmental changes have been a critical strategy for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, the dynamic expression patterns of microRNAs under contrasting hydrological habitats in the amphibious species Alternanthera philoxeroides were identified by time course expression profiling using high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 128 known and 18 novel microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed under contrasting hydrological habitats. The microRNA:mRNA pairs potentially associated with plastic internode elongation were identified by integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and were validated by qRT-PCR and 5′ RLM-RACE. The results showed that both the universal microRNAs conserved across different plants and the unique microRNAs novelly identified in A. philoxeroides were involved in the responses to varied water regimes. The results also showed that most of the differentially expressed microRNAs were transiently up-/down-regulated at certain time points during the treatments. The fine-scale temporal changes in microRNA expression highlighted the importance of time-series sampling in identifying stress-responsive microRNAs and analyzing their role in stress response/tolerance. PMID:29259617

Using Helicopter Electromagnetic Surveys to Identify Potential Hazards at Mine Waste Impoundments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hammack, R.W.

2008-01-01

In July 2003, helicopter electromagnetic surveys were conducted at 14 coal waste impoundments in southern West Virginia. The purpose of the surveys was to detect conditions that could lead to impoundment failure either by structural failure of the embankment or by the flooding of adjacent or underlying mine works. Specifically, the surveys attempted to: 1) identify saturated zones within the mine waste, 2) delineate filtrate flow paths through the embankment or into adjacent strata and receiving streams, and 3) identify flooded mine workings underlying or adjacent to the waste impoundment. Data from the helicopter surveys were processed to generate conductivity/depthmore » images. Conductivity/depth images were then spatially linked to georeferenced air photos or topographic maps for interpretation. Conductivity/depth images were found to provide a snapshot of the hydrologic conditions that exist within the impoundment. This information can be used to predict potential areas of failure within the embankment because of its ability to image the phreatic zone. Also, the electromagnetic survey can identify areas of unconsolidated slurry in the decant basin and beneath the embankment. Although shallow, flooded mineworks beneath the impoundment were identified by this survey, it cannot be assumed that electromagnetic surveys can detect all underlying mines. A preliminary evaluation of the data implies that helicopter electromagnetic surveys can provide a better understanding of the phreatic zone than the piezometer arrays that are typically used.« less

Distinct Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes Identify Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients with a more Aggressive Course and Resistance to Chemo-Immunotherapy.

PubMed

Gdynia, Georg; Robak, Tadeusz; Kopitz, Jürgen; Heller, Anette; Grekova, Svetlana; Duglova, Katarina; Laukemper, Gloria; Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Monika; Gutenbrunner, Cornelius; Roth, Wilfried; Ho, Anthony D; Schirmacher, Peter; Schmitt, Michael; Dreger, Peter; Sellner, Leopold

2018-06-05

A higher capacity to grow under hypoxic conditions can lead to a more aggressive behavior of tumor cells. Determining tumor activity under hypoxia may identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with aggressive clinical course and predict response to chemo-immunotherapy (CIT). A metabolic score was generated by determining pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, key enzymes of glycolysis, ex vivo in primary CLL samples under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This score was further correlated with clinical endpoints and response to CIT in 96 CLL patients. 45 patients were classified as metabolic high risk (HR), 51 as low risk (LR). Treatment-free survival (TFS) was significantly shorter in HR patients (median 394 vs 723 days, p = .021). 15 HR patients and 14 LR patients received CIT after sample acquisition. HR patients had a significantly shorter progression-free survival after treatment compared to LR patients (median 216 days vs not reached, p = .008). Multivariate analysis evaluating age, IGHV, TP53 deletion or mutation and 11q22-23 deletion besides the capacity of tumor cells to grow under severe hypoxic conditions identified the metabolic profile as the strongest independent risk factor for shorter TFS (hazard ratio 2.37, p = .011). The metabolic risk can provide prognostic and predictive information complementary to genetic biomarkers and identify patients who might benefit from alternative treatment approaches. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bacterial Degraders of Coexisting Dichloromethane, Benzene, and Toluene, Identified by Stable-Isotope Probing.

PubMed

Yoshikawa, Miho; Zhang, Ming; Kurisu, Futoshi; Toyota, Koki

2017-01-01

Most bioremediation studies on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have focused on a single contaminant or its derived compounds and degraders have been identified under single contaminant conditions. Bioremediation of multiple contaminants remains a challenging issue. To identify a bacterial consortium that degrades multiple VOCs (dichloromethane (DCM), benzene, and toluene), we applied DNA-stable isotope probing. For individual tests, we combined a 13 C-labeled VOC with other two unlabeled VOCs, and prepared three unlabeled VOCs as a reference. Over 11 days, DNA was periodically extracted from the consortia, and the bacterial community was evaluated by next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Density gradient fractions of the DNA extracts were amplified by universal bacterial primers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the amplicons were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) using restriction enzymes: Hha I and Msp I. The T-RFLP fragments were identified by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Under all test conditions, the consortia were dominated by Rhodanobacter , Bradyrhizobium / Afipia , Rhizobium , and Hyphomicrobium . DNA derived from Hyphomicrobium and Propioniferax shifted toward heavier fractions under the condition added with 13 C-DCM and 13 C-benzene, respectively, compared with the reference, but no shifts were induced by 13 C-toluene addition. This implies that Hyphomicrobium and Propioniferax were the main DCM and benzene degraders, respectively, under the coexisting condition. The known benzene degrader Pseudomonas sp. was present but not actively involved in the degradation.

Novel Two-Step Hierarchical Screening of Mutant Pools Reveals Mutants under Selection in Chicks

PubMed Central

Yang, Hee-Jeong; Bogomolnaya, Lydia M.; Elfenbein, Johanna R.; Endicott-Yazdani, Tiana; Reynolds, M. Megan; Porwollik, Steffen; Cheng, Pui; Xia, Xiao-Qin

2016-01-01

Contaminated chicken/egg products are major sources of human salmonellosis, yet the strategies used by Salmonella to colonize chickens are poorly understood. We applied a novel two-step hierarchical procedure to identify new genes important for colonization and persistence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in chickens. A library of 182 S. Typhimurium mutants each containing a targeted deletion of a group of contiguous genes (for a total of 2,069 genes deleted) was used to identify regions under selection at 1, 3, and 9 days postinfection in chicks. Mutants in 11 regions were under selection at all assayed times (colonization mutants), and mutants in 15 regions were under selection only at day 9 (persistence mutants). We assembled a pool of 92 mutants, each deleted for a single gene, representing nearly all genes in nine regions under selection. Twelve single gene deletion mutants were under selection in this assay, and we confirmed 6 of 9 of these candidate mutants via competitive infections and complementation analysis in chicks. STM0580, STM1295, STM1297, STM3612, STM3615, and STM3734 are needed for Salmonella to colonize and persist in chicks and were not previously associated with this ability. One of these key genes, STM1297 (selD), is required for anaerobic growth and supports the ability to utilize formate under these conditions, suggesting that metabolism of formate is important during infection. We report a hierarchical screening strategy to interrogate large portions of the genome during infection of animals using pools of mutants of low complexity. Using this strategy, we identified six genes not previously known to be needed during infection in chicks, and one of these (STM1297) suggests an important role for formate metabolism during infection. PMID:26857572

76 FR 50796 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-16

... designed to minimize the potential for mini-manipulations and for corners or squeezes of the underlying... movements by automated surveillance techniques to identify unusual activity in both options and underlying...

7 CFR 3405.17 - Grant awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 3019). (b) Organizational management information. Specific management information relating to a... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HIGHER EDUCATION CHALLENGE GRANTS PROGRAM Supplementary Information... identified under this part if such information has not been provided previously under this or another program...

24 CFR 990.265 - Identification of projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the purpose of management. A project may be as identified under the ACC or may be a reasonable grouping of projects or portions of a project under the ACC. HUD shall retain the right to disapprove of a...

24 CFR 990.265 - Identification of projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the purpose of management. A project may be as identified under the ACC or may be a reasonable grouping of projects or portions of a project under the ACC. HUD shall retain the right to disapprove of a...

The Food Fabricators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Ross Hume

1976-01-01

Examined are the tenets underlying the technical attitudes and perceptions of food technologists and scientists. Technology usually advances in a linear fashion without identifying secondary effects in social and political realms. Consumerism becomes the public voice in identifying these sociotechnologic effects. (MR)

Identifying Potential Collapse Features Under Highways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

In 1994, subsidence features were identified on Interstate 70 in eastern Ohio. These : features were caused by collapse of old mine workings beneath the highway. An attempt : was made to delineate these features using geophysical methods with no avai...

25 CFR 224.135 - Under what circumstances may the Director conduct additional reviews and evaluations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Periodic Reviews § 224.135 Under what circumstances may the Director... submitted under subpart E of this part; (d) As follow-up to a determination that harm or the potential for harm to a physical trust asset, previously identified in a periodic review and evaluation, exists; or...

25 CFR 224.135 - Under what circumstances may the Director conduct additional reviews and evaluations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Periodic Reviews § 224.135 Under what circumstances may the Director... submitted under subpart E of this part; (d) As follow-up to a determination that harm or the potential for harm to a physical trust asset, previously identified in a periodic review and evaluation, exists; or...

25 CFR 224.135 - Under what circumstances may the Director conduct additional reviews and evaluations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Periodic Reviews § 224.135 Under what circumstances may the Director... submitted under subpart E of this part; (d) As follow-up to a determination that harm or the potential for harm to a physical trust asset, previously identified in a periodic review and evaluation, exists; or...

25 CFR 224.135 - Under what circumstances may the Director conduct additional reviews and evaluations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Periodic Reviews § 224.135 Under what circumstances may the Director... submitted under subpart E of this part; (d) As follow-up to a determination that harm or the potential for harm to a physical trust asset, previously identified in a periodic review and evaluation, exists; or...

2 CFR 180.25 - What must a Federal agency address in its implementation of the guidance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: (1) Identify any specific types of transactions that the Federal agency includes as “nonprocurement transactions” in addition to the examples provided in § 180.970. (2) Identify any types of nonprocurement....215(g)(2). (3) Identify specific examples of types of individuals who would be “principals” under the...

Consequential Validity Impact of Choosing Different Aptitude-Achievement Discrepancy Models in Identifying Students with Learning Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glasnapp, Douglas R.; Poggio, John P.

This study used computer simulation to provide information on the percentage of students with learning disabilities expected to be identified under different aptitude-achievement discrepancy eligibility models and criteria and to demonstrate the consequential effects in terms of the extent to which the different models identify students of…

Cluster analysis of spontaneous preterm birth phenotypes identifies potential associations among preterm birth mechanisms

PubMed Central

Esplin, M Sean; Manuck, Tracy A.; Varner, Michael W.; Christensen, Bryce; Biggio, Joseph; Bukowski, Radek; Parry, Samuel; Zhang, Heping; Huang, Hao; Andrews, William; Saade, George; Sadovsky, Yoel; Reddy, Uma M.; Ilekis, John

2015-01-01

Objective We sought to employ an innovative tool based on common biological pathways to identify specific phenotypes among women with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), in order to enhance investigators' ability to identify to highlight common mechanisms and underlying genetic factors responsible for SPTB. Study Design A secondary analysis of a prospective case-control multicenter study of SPTB. All cases delivered a preterm singleton at SPTB ≤34.0 weeks gestation. Each woman was assessed for the presence of underlying SPTB etiologies. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify groups of women with homogeneous phenotypic profiles. One of the phenotypic clusters was selected for candidate gene association analysis using VEGAS software. Results 1028 women with SPTB were assigned phenotypes. Hierarchical clustering of the phenotypes revealed five major clusters. Cluster 1 (N=445) was characterized by maternal stress, cluster 2 (N=294) by premature membrane rupture, cluster 3 (N=120) by familial factors, and cluster 4 (N=63) by maternal comorbidities. Cluster 5 (N=106) was multifactorial, characterized by infection (INF), decidual hemorrhage (DH) and placental dysfunction (PD). These three phenotypes were highly correlated by Chi-square analysis [PD and DH (p<2.2e-6); PD and INF (p=6.2e-10); INF and DH (p=0.0036)]. Gene-based testing identified the INS (insulin) gene as significantly associated with cluster 3 of SPTB. Conclusion We identified 5 major clusters of SPTB based on a phenotype tool and hierarchal clustering. There was significant correlation between several of the phenotypes. The INS gene was associated with familial factors underlying SPTB. PMID:26070700

7 CFR 58.46 - Fees for service performed under cooperative agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT... provided for by such agreement. Marking, Branding, and Identifying Product ...

COMETABOLISM OF TRIHALOMETHANES BY NITRIFYING BIOFILTERS UNDER DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

EPA Identifier: FP916412
Title: Cometabolism of Trihalomethanes by Nitrifying Biofilters Under Drinking Water Treatment Plant Conditions
Fellow (Principal Investigator): David G. Wahman
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA ...

Identifying Potential Collapse Features Under Highways : Executive Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

In 1994, subsidence features were identified on Interstate 70 in eastern Ohio. These : features were caused by collapse of old mine workings beneath the highway. An attempt : was made to delineate these features using geophysical methods with no avai...

Identifying potential collapse features under highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

In 1994, subsidence features were identified on Interstate 70 in eastern Ohio. These features were caused by collapse of old mine workings beneath the highway. An attempt was made to delineate these features using geophysical methods with no avail. T...

Application of LANDSAT data to delimitation of avalanche hazards in Montane, Colorado

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knepper, D. H. (Principal Investigator); Ives, J. D.; Summer, R.

1976-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Photointerpretation of individual avalanche paths on single band black and white LANDSAT images is greatly hindered by terrain shadows and the low spatial resolution of the LANDSAT system. Maps produced in this way are biased towards the larger avalanche paths that are under the most favorable illumination conditions during imaging; other large avalanche paths, under less favorable illumination, are often not detectable and the smaller paths, even those defined by sharp trimlines, are only rarely identifiable.

A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Under-Eating in Homebound Older Adults: The Importance of Social Factors

PubMed Central

Locher, Julie L.; Ritchie, Christine S.; Robinson, Caroline O.; Roth, David L.; West, Delia Smith; Burgio, Kathryn L.

2009-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between medical, functional, economic, oral health, social, religious, and psychological factors and under-eating in homebound older adults. The focus of the study was on identifying potentially modifiable factors amenable to social and behavioral interventions. Design and Methods A total of 230 homebound older adults who were currently receiving home health services participated in interviews in their homes using a questionnaire to assess eating behaviors and factors that could possibly affect those eating behaviors. Interviewers measured height and weight, and participants completed three 24-hr dietary recalls. Results The mean age of participants was 79.1 years. The sample comprised 78% women and 38% African Americans. We found that 70% of participants were under-eating, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain their current body weight. Participants who were at higher risk of under-eating included men, those receiving either infrequent care or very frequent care by a caregiver, those who had been hospitalized prior to receipt of home health services, and those with a higher body mass index. Implications Findings from the study have implications for both practice and policy. Experts must develop evidence-based interventions targeted at under-eating in this particularly vulnerable and growing population of homebound older adults. This study provides an initial foundation for the development of targeted evidence-based behavioral nutritional interventions that are noninvasive and cost effective. PMID:18483434

Breeding drought tolerant rice for shallow rainfed ecosystem of eastern India.

PubMed

Swain, Padmini; Raman, Anitha; Singh, S P; Kumar, Arvind

2017-08-01

In shallow rainfed rice agro-ecosystems, drought stress can occur at any growth stage and can cause a significant yield reduction. During recent years, some rice varieties possessing tolerance of reproductive-stage drought stress have recently been developed. Tolerance of vegetative-stage drought stress is also required to improve rice productivity in drought-prone regions. In this study, we evaluated a set of rice breeding lines for their response to a range of different types of vegetative-stage drought stress in order to propose standardized phenotyping protocols for conducting vegetative-stage drought stress screening trials and also to identify genotypes combining tolerance of vegetative- and reproductive-stage drought stress. A soil water potential threshold of -20 kPa during the vegetative stage was identified as the target for effective selection under vegetative stage with grain yield reduction of about 50% compared to irrigated control trials. Genotypes identified as showing high yield under reproductive-stage drought stress were not necessarily the genotypes showing best performance under vegetative-stage drought stress. Genotypes IR72667-16-1-B-B-3, IR78908-126-B-2-B, and IR79970-B-47-1 showed tolerance of both vegetative-stage and reproductive-stage drought stress. For most, the genotypes that were best under vegetative stage drought or even vegetative stage + reproductive stage drought were different from the genotypes that were best under reproductive stage drought. Based on the cultivar superiority measure, IR69515-6-KKN-4-UBN-4-2-1-1-1 and IR78908-126-B-1-B were the stable genotypes (indicated by low P i ) under both irrigated control and severe vegetative stress conditions, genotypes IR83614-203-B and IR78908-80-B-3-B were stable under irrigated control conditions and moderate stress, whereas IR72667-16-1-B-B-3 was stable under both moderate and severe vegetative-stage stress conditions.

The Genetic Architecture Underlying the Evolution of a Rare Piscivorous Life History Form in Brown Trout after Secondary Contact and Strong Introgression.

PubMed

Jacobs, Arne; Hughes, Martin R; Robinson, Paige C; Adams, Colin E; Elmer, Kathryn R

2018-05-31

Identifying the genetic basis underlying phenotypic divergence and reproductive isolation is a longstanding problem in evolutionary biology. Genetic signals of adaptation and reproductive isolation are often confounded by a wide range of factors, such as variation in demographic history or genomic features. Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in the Loch Maree catchment, Scotland, exhibit reproductively isolated divergent life history morphs, including a rare piscivorous (ferox) life history form displaying larger body size, greater longevity and delayed maturation compared to sympatric benthivorous brown trout. Using a dataset of 16,066 SNPs, we analyzed the evolutionary history and genetic architecture underlying this divergence. We found that ferox trout and benthivorous brown trout most likely evolved after recent secondary contact of two distinct glacial lineages, and identified 33 genomic outlier windows across the genome, of which several have most likely formed through selection. We further identified twelve candidate genes and biological pathways related to growth, development and immune response potentially underpinning the observed phenotypic differences. The identification of clear genomic signals divergent between life history phenotypes and potentially linked to reproductive isolation, through size assortative mating, as well as the identification of the underlying demographic history, highlights the power of genomic studies of young species pairs for understanding the factors shaping genetic differentiation.

The mechanisms of low nitrogen induced weakened photosynthesis in summer maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions.

PubMed

Wei, Shanshan; Wang, Xiangyu; Shi, Deyang; Li, Yanhong; Zhang, Jiwang; Liu, Peng; Zhao, Bin; Dong, Shuting

2016-08-01

Soil nitrogen (N) shortage is a problem which affects many developing nations. Crops grown with low soil N levels show a marked decrease in the rate of photosynthesis and this deficiency reduces crop yield significantly. Therefore, developing a better understanding of the mechanisms by which low N levels cause decreased photosynthesis is crucial for maize agriculture. To better understand this process, we assessed the responses of photosynthesis traits and enzymatic activities in the summer maize cultivar Denghai 618 under field conditions with and without the use of N fertilisers. We measured photosynthesis parameters, and compared proteome compositions to identify the mechanisms of physiological and biochemical adaptations to N deficiency in maize. We observed that parameters that indicated the rate of photosynthesis decreased significantly under N deficiency, and this response was associated with leaf senescence. Moreover, we identified 37 proteins involved in leaf photosynthesis, and found that N deficiency significantly affected light-dependent and light-independent reactions in maize leaf photosynthesis. Although further analysis is required to fully elucidate the roles of these proteins in the response to N deficiency, our study identified candidate proteins which may be involved in the regulatory mechanisms involved in reduced photosynthesis under low N conditions in maize. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Long-range comparison of human and mouse Sprr loci to identify conserved noncoding sequences involved in coordinate regulation

PubMed Central

Martin, Natalia; Patel, Satyakam; Segre, Julia A.

2004-01-01

Mammalian epidermis provides a permeability barrier between an organism and its environment. Under homeostatic conditions, epidermal cells produce structural proteins, which are cross-linked in an orderly fashion to form a cornified envelope (CE). However, under genetic or environmental stress, specific genes are induced to rapidly build a temporary barrier. Small proline-rich (SPRR) proteins are the primary constituents of the CE. Under stress the entire family of 14 Sprr genes is upregulated. The Sprr genes are clustered within the larger epidermal differentiation complex on mouse chromosome 3, human chromosome 1q21. The clustering of the Sprr genes and their upregulation under stress suggest that these genes may be coordinately regulated. To identify enhancer elements that regulate this stress response activation of the Sprr locus, we utilized bioinformatic tools and classical biochemical dissection. Long-range comparative sequence analysis identified conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs). Clusters of epidermal-specific DNaseI-hypersensitive sites (HSs) mapped to specific CNSs. Increased prevalence of these HSs in barrier-deficient epidermis provides in vivo evidence of the regulation of the Sprr locus by these conserved sequences. Individual components of these HSs were cloned, and one was shown to have strong enhancer activity specific to conditions when the Sprr genes are coordinately upregulated. PMID:15574822

A genome scan for selection signatures comparing farmed Atlantic salmon with two wild populations: Testing colocalization among outlier markers, candidate genes, and quantitative trait loci for production traits.

PubMed

Liu, Lei; Ang, Keng Pee; Elliott, J A K; Kent, Matthew Peter; Lien, Sigbjørn; MacDonald, Danielle; Boulding, Elizabeth Grace

2017-03-01

Comparative genome scans can be used to identify chromosome regions, but not traits, that are putatively under selection. Identification of targeted traits may be more likely in recently domesticated populations under strong artificial selection for increased production. We used a North American Atlantic salmon 6K SNP dataset to locate genome regions of an aquaculture strain (Saint John River) that were highly diverged from that of its putative wild founder population (Tobique River). First, admixed individuals with partial European ancestry were detected using STRUCTURE and removed from the dataset. Outlier loci were then identified as those showing extreme differentiation between the aquaculture population and the founder population. All Arlequin methods identified an overlapping subset of 17 outlier loci, three of which were also identified by BayeScan. Many outlier loci were near candidate genes and some were near published quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for growth, appetite, maturity, or disease resistance. Parallel comparisons using a wild, nonfounder population (Stewiacke River) yielded only one overlapping outlier locus as well as a known maturity QTL. We conclude that genome scans comparing a recently domesticated strain with its wild founder population can facilitate identification of candidate genes for traits known to have been under strong artificial selection.

A Simple Test Identifies Selection on Complex Traits.

PubMed

Beissinger, Tim; Kruppa, Jochen; Cavero, David; Ha, Ngoc-Thuy; Erbe, Malena; Simianer, Henner

2018-05-01

Important traits in agricultural, natural, and human populations are increasingly being shown to be under the control of many genes that individually contribute only a small proportion of genetic variation. However, the majority of modern tools in quantitative and population genetics, including genome-wide association studies and selection-mapping protocols, are designed to identify individual genes with large effects. We have developed an approach to identify traits that have been under selection and are controlled by large numbers of loci. In contrast to existing methods, our technique uses additive-effects estimates from all available markers, and relates these estimates to allele-frequency change over time. Using this information, we generate a composite statistic, denoted [Formula: see text] which can be used to test for significant evidence of selection on a trait. Our test requires pre- and postselection genotypic data but only a single time point with phenotypic information. Simulations demonstrate that [Formula: see text] is powerful for identifying selection, particularly in situations where the trait being tested is controlled by many genes, which is precisely the scenario where classical approaches for selection mapping are least powerful. We apply this test to breeding populations of maize and chickens, where we demonstrate the successful identification of selection on traits that are documented to have been under selection. Copyright © 2018 Beissinger et al.

Identifying potential collapse features under highways : research implementation plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-09-01

There are many unmapped features under the states roadways that threaten them with major localized : collapse. The most common of these features are abandoned underground mines in the eastern part of : the state and sinkholes in portions of limest...

10 CFR 12.103 - Proceedings covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... under the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act (31 U.S.C. 3801-12); (2) Any appeal of a decision made...” under 5 U.S.C. 504(b)(1)(C). (b) The Commission's failure to identify a type of proceeding as an...

Revisiting Bioaccumulation Criteria

EPA Science Inventory

The objective of workgroup 5 was to revisit the B(ioaccumulation) criteria that are currently being used to identify POPs under the Stockholm Convention and PBTs under CEPA, TSCA, REACh and other programs. Despite the lack of a recognized definition for a B substance, we defined ...

40 CFR 255.11 - Criteria for identifying agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quality management planning agencies designated under section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control... State water quality management agencies. (d) Planning objectives will influence agency selection... IDENTIFICATION OF REGIONS AND AGENCIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Criteria for Identifying Regions and Agencies...

25 CFR 1200.21 - How may a tribe appeal denials under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How may a tribe appeal denials under this part? 1200.21... tribe appeal denials under this part? If we deny a request or do not approve an application within 90 days of a request, the tribe may address any problems that we identify and resubmit a revised request...

Behavioural system identification of visual flight speed control in Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Rohrseitz, Nicola; Fry, Steven N.

2011-01-01

Behavioural control in many animals involves complex mechanisms with intricate sensory-motor feedback loops. Modelling allows functional aspects to be captured without relying on a description of the underlying complex, and often unknown, mechanisms. A wide range of engineering techniques are available for modelling, but their ability to describe time-continuous processes is rarely exploited to describe sensory-motor control mechanisms in biological systems. We performed a system identification of visual flight speed control in the fruitfly Drosophila, based on an extensive dataset of open-loop responses previously measured under free flight conditions. We identified a second-order under-damped control model with just six free parameters that well describes both the transient and steady-state characteristics of the open-loop data. We then used the identified control model to predict flight speed responses after a visual perturbation under closed-loop conditions and validated the model with behavioural measurements performed in free-flying flies under the same closed-loop conditions. Our system identification of the fruitfly's flight speed response uncovers the high-level control strategy of a fundamental flight control reflex without depending on assumptions about the underlying physiological mechanisms. The results are relevant for future investigations of the underlying neuromotor processing mechanisms, as well as for the design of biomimetic robots, such as micro-air vehicles. PMID:20525744

Behavioural system identification of visual flight speed control in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Rohrseitz, Nicola; Fry, Steven N

2011-02-06

Behavioural control in many animals involves complex mechanisms with intricate sensory-motor feedback loops. Modelling allows functional aspects to be captured without relying on a description of the underlying complex, and often unknown, mechanisms. A wide range of engineering techniques are available for modelling, but their ability to describe time-continuous processes is rarely exploited to describe sensory-motor control mechanisms in biological systems. We performed a system identification of visual flight speed control in the fruitfly Drosophila, based on an extensive dataset of open-loop responses previously measured under free flight conditions. We identified a second-order under-damped control model with just six free parameters that well describes both the transient and steady-state characteristics of the open-loop data. We then used the identified control model to predict flight speed responses after a visual perturbation under closed-loop conditions and validated the model with behavioural measurements performed in free-flying flies under the same closed-loop conditions. Our system identification of the fruitfly's flight speed response uncovers the high-level control strategy of a fundamental flight control reflex without depending on assumptions about the underlying physiological mechanisms. The results are relevant for future investigations of the underlying neuromotor processing mechanisms, as well as for the design of biomimetic robots, such as micro-air vehicles.

Identification of Candidate Genes Underlying an Iron Efficiency Quantitative Trait Locus in Soybean1

PubMed Central

Peiffer, Gregory A.; King, Keith E.; Severin, Andrew J.; May, Gregory D.; Cianzio, Silvia R.; Lin, Shun Fu; Lauter, Nicholas C.; Shoemaker, Randy C.

2012-01-01

Prevalent on calcareous soils in the United States and abroad, iron deficiency is among the most common and severe nutritional stresses in plants. In soybean (Glycine max) commercial plantings, the identification and use of iron-efficient genotypes has proven to be the best form of managing this soil-related plant stress. Previous studies conducted in soybean identified a significant iron efficiency quantitative trait locus (QTL) explaining more than 70% of the phenotypic variation for the trait. In this research, we identified candidate genes underlying this QTL through molecular breeding, mapping, and transcriptome sequencing. Introgression mapping was performed using two related near-isogenic lines in which a region located on soybean chromosome 3 required for iron efficiency was identified. The region corresponds to the previously reported iron efficiency QTL. The location was further confirmed through QTL mapping conducted in this study. Transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction identified two genes encoding transcription factors within the region that were significantly induced in soybean roots under iron stress. The two induced transcription factors were identified as homologs of the subgroup lb basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes that are known to regulate the strategy I response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Resequencing of these differentially expressed genes unveiled a significant deletion within a predicted dimerization domain. We hypothesize that this deletion disrupts the Fe-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT)/bHLH heterodimer that has been shown to induce known iron acquisition genes. PMID:22319075

Identifiability of tree-child phylogenetic networks under a probabilistic recombination-mutation model of evolution.

PubMed

Francis, Andrew; Moulton, Vincent

2018-06-07

Phylogenetic networks are an extension of phylogenetic trees which are used to represent evolutionary histories in which reticulation events (such as recombination and hybridization) have occurred. A central question for such networks is that of identifiability, which essentially asks under what circumstances can we reliably identify the phylogenetic network that gave rise to the observed data? Recently, identifiability results have appeared for networks relative to a model of sequence evolution that generalizes the standard Markov models used for phylogenetic trees. However, these results are quite limited in terms of the complexity of the networks that are considered. In this paper, by introducing an alternative probabilistic model for evolution along a network that is based on some ground-breaking work by Thatte for pedigrees, we are able to obtain an identifiability result for a much larger class of phylogenetic networks (essentially the class of so-called tree-child networks). To prove our main theorem, we derive some new results for identifying tree-child networks combinatorially, and then adapt some techniques developed by Thatte for pedigrees to show that our combinatorial results imply identifiability in the probabilistic setting. We hope that the introduction of our new model for networks could lead to new approaches to reliably construct phylogenetic networks. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of resilient individuals and those at risk for performance deficits under stress.

PubMed

Winslow, Brent D; Carroll, Meredith B; Martin, Jonathan W; Surpris, Glenn; Chadderdon, George L

2015-01-01

Human task performance is affected by exposure to physiological and psychological stress. The ability to measure the physiological response to stressors and correlate that to task performance could be used to identify resilient individuals or those at risk for stress-related performance decrements. Accomplishing this prior to performance under severe stress or the development of clinical stress disorders could facilitate focused preparation such as tailoring training to individual needs. Here we measure the effects of stress on physiological response and performance through behavior, physiological sensors, and subjective ratings, and identify which individuals are at risk for stress-related performance decrements. Participants performed military-relevant training tasks under stress in a virtual environment, with autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) reactivity analyzed. Self-reported stress, as well as physiological indices of stress, increased in the group pre-exposed to socioevaluative stress. Stress response was effectively captured via electrodermal and cardiovascular measures of heart rate and skin conductance level. A resilience classification algorithm was developed based upon physiological reactivity, which correlated with baseline unstressed physiological and self-reported stress values. Outliers were identified in the experimental group that had a significant mismatch between self-reported stress and salivary cortisol. Baseline stress measurements were predictive of individual resilience to stress, including the impact stress had on physiological reactivity and performance. Such an approach may have utility in identifying individuals at risk for problems performing under severe stress. Continuing work has focused on adapting this method for military personnel, and assessing the utility of various coping and decision-making strategies on performance and physiological stress.

Identification of resilient individuals and those at risk for performance deficits under stress

PubMed Central

Winslow, Brent D.; Carroll, Meredith B.; Martin, Jonathan W.; Surpris, Glenn; Chadderdon, George L.

2015-01-01

Human task performance is affected by exposure to physiological and psychological stress. The ability to measure the physiological response to stressors and correlate that to task performance could be used to identify resilient individuals or those at risk for stress-related performance decrements. Accomplishing this prior to performance under severe stress or the development of clinical stress disorders could facilitate focused preparation such as tailoring training to individual needs. Here we measure the effects of stress on physiological response and performance through behavior, physiological sensors, and subjective ratings, and identify which individuals are at risk for stress-related performance decrements. Participants performed military-relevant training tasks under stress in a virtual environment, with autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) reactivity analyzed. Self-reported stress, as well as physiological indices of stress, increased in the group pre-exposed to socioevaluative stress. Stress response was effectively captured via electrodermal and cardiovascular measures of heart rate and skin conductance level. A resilience classification algorithm was developed based upon physiological reactivity, which correlated with baseline unstressed physiological and self-reported stress values. Outliers were identified in the experimental group that had a significant mismatch between self-reported stress and salivary cortisol. Baseline stress measurements were predictive of individual resilience to stress, including the impact stress had on physiological reactivity and performance. Such an approach may have utility in identifying individuals at risk for problems performing under severe stress. Continuing work has focused on adapting this method for military personnel, and assessing the utility of various coping and decision-making strategies on performance and physiological stress. PMID:26441503

Spatial Resolution Requirements for Accurate Identification of Drivers of Atrial Fibrillation

PubMed Central

Roney, Caroline H.; Cantwell, Chris D.; Bayer, Jason D.; Qureshi, Norman A.; Lim, Phang Boon; Tweedy, Jennifer H.; Kanagaratnam, Prapa; Vigmond, Edward J.; Ng, Fu Siong

2017-01-01

Background— Recent studies have demonstrated conflicting mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), with the spatial resolution of data often cited as a potential reason for the disagreement. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the variation in spatial resolution of mapping may lead to misinterpretation of the underlying mechanism in persistent AF. Methods and Results— Simulations of rotors and focal sources were performed to estimate the minimum number of recording points required to correctly identify the underlying AF mechanism. The effects of different data types (action potentials and unipolar or bipolar electrograms) and rotor stability on resolution requirements were investigated. We also determined the ability of clinically used endocardial catheters to identify AF mechanisms using clinically recorded and simulated data. The spatial resolution required for correct identification of rotors and focal sources is a linear function of spatial wavelength (the distance between wavefronts) of the arrhythmia. Rotor localization errors are larger for electrogram data than for action potential data. Stationary rotors are more reliably identified compared with meandering trajectories, for any given spatial resolution. All clinical high-resolution multipolar catheters are of sufficient resolution to accurately detect and track rotors when placed over the rotor core although the low-resolution basket catheter is prone to false detections and may incorrectly identify rotors that are not present. Conclusions— The spatial resolution of AF data can significantly affect the interpretation of the underlying AF mechanism. Therefore, the interpretation of human AF data must be taken in the context of the spatial resolution of the recordings. PMID:28500175

Differential Regulation of Cryptic Genetic Variation Shapes the Genetic Interactome Underlying Complex Traits.

PubMed

Yadav, Anupama; Dhole, Kaustubh; Sinha, Himanshu

2016-12-01

Cryptic genetic variation (CGV) refers to genetic variants whose effects are buffered in most conditions but manifest phenotypically upon specific genetic and environmental perturbations. Despite having a central role in adaptation, contribution of CGV to regulation of quantitative traits is unclear. Instead, a relatively simplistic architecture of additive genetic loci is known to regulate phenotypic variation in most traits. In this paper, we investigate the regulation of CGV and its implication on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits at a genome-wide level. We use a previously published dataset of biparental recombinant population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenotyped in 34 diverse environments to perform single locus, two-locus, and covariance mapping. We identify loci that have independent additive effects as well as those which regulate the phenotypic manifestation of other genetic variants (variance QTL). We find that whereas additive genetic variance is predominant, a higher order genetic interaction network regulates variation in certain environments. Despite containing pleiotropic loci, with effects across environments, these genetic networks are highly environment specific. CGV is buffered under most allelic combinations of these networks and perturbed only in rare combinations resulting in high phenotypic variance. The presence of such environment specific genetic networks is the underlying cause of abundant gene–environment interactions. We demonstrate that overlaying identified molecular networks on such genetic networks can identify potential candidate genes and underlying mechanisms regulating phenotypic variation. Such an integrated approach applied to human disease datasets has the potential to improve the ability to predict disease predisposition and identify specific therapeutic targets.

Differential Regulation of Cryptic Genetic Variation Shapes the Genetic Interactome Underlying Complex Traits

PubMed Central

Yadav, Anupama; Dhole, Kaustubh

2016-01-01

Cryptic genetic variation (CGV) refers to genetic variants whose effects are buffered in most conditions but manifest phenotypically upon specific genetic and environmental perturbations. Despite having a central role in adaptation, contribution of CGV to regulation of quantitative traits is unclear. Instead, a relatively simplistic architecture of additive genetic loci is known to regulate phenotypic variation in most traits. In this paper, we investigate the regulation of CGV and its implication on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits at a genome-wide level. We use a previously published dataset of biparental recombinant population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenotyped in 34 diverse environments to perform single locus, two-locus, and covariance mapping. We identify loci that have independent additive effects as well as those which regulate the phenotypic manifestation of other genetic variants (variance QTL). We find that whereas additive genetic variance is predominant, a higher order genetic interaction network regulates variation in certain environments. Despite containing pleiotropic loci, with effects across environments, these genetic networks are highly environment specific. CGV is buffered under most allelic combinations of these networks and perturbed only in rare combinations resulting in high phenotypic variance. The presence of such environment specific genetic networks is the underlying cause of abundant gene–environment interactions. We demonstrate that overlaying identified molecular networks on such genetic networks can identify potential candidate genes and underlying mechanisms regulating phenotypic variation. Such an integrated approach applied to human disease datasets has the potential to improve the ability to predict disease predisposition and identify specific therapeutic targets. PMID:28172852

Abnormal Brain Activation During Theory of Mind Tasks in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Kronbichler, Lisa; Tschernegg, Melanie; Martin, Anna Isabel; Schurz, Matthias; Kronbichler, Martin

2017-10-21

Social cognition abilities are severely impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). The current meta-analysis used foci of 21 individual studies on functional abnormalities in the schizophrenic brain in order to identify regions that reveal convergent under- or over-activation during theory of mind (TOM) tasks. Studies were included in the analyses when contrasting tasks that require the processing of mental states with tasks which did not. Only studies that investigated patients with an ICD or DSM diagnosis were included. Quantitative voxel-based meta-analyses were done using Seed-based d Mapping software. Common TOM regions like medial-prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction revealed abnormal activation in schizophrenic patients: Under-activation was identified in the medial prefrontal cortex, left orbito-frontal cortex, and in a small section of the left posterior temporo-parietal junction. Remarkably, robust over-activation was identified in a more dorsal, bilateral section of the temporo-parietal junction. Further abnormal activation was identified in medial occipito-parietal cortex, right premotor areas, left cingulate gyrus, and lingual gyrus. The findings of this study suggest that SZ patients simultaneously show over- and under-activation in TOM-related regions. Especially interesting, temporo-parietal junction reveals diverging activation patterns with an under-activating left posterior and an over-activating bilateral dorsal section. In conclusion, SZ patients show less specialized brain activation in regions linked to TOM and increased activation in attention-related networks suggesting compensatory effects. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.

[Preliminary studies on physicochemical properties of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex].

PubMed

Wang, Kai-ping; Zhang, Yu; Dai, Li-quan

2006-05-01

To study some physicochemical properties of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex (APC). Based on the qualitatively identified reactions of iron (III), the qualitatively identified reactions of APC were found out by comparing hydroxide. The content of iron (III) in APC was determined with iodometry. The stability of APC under physiological pH conditions was judged by titrating APC with sodium hydroxide. The deoxidization of APC was tested with colorimetric analysis. APC showed the qualitatively identified reactions of iron (III). The content of iron (III) in APC ranged from 10% to 40%, and the water-solubility of APC was related to the content of iron (III). The complex was stable at physiological pH from 3 to 12, without precipitation and dissociation. At 37 degrees C, Fe (III) in the complex was completely reduced to Fe (III) by ascorbic acid in about 6 hours. APC can be qualitatively identified by using the qualitatively identified reactions of iron (III). When its iron (III) content is within 20%-25%, APC has a better ability to dissolve in water. And the complex is stable under physiological pH conditions.

Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism-Based Association Mapping of Dog Stereotypes

PubMed Central

Jones, Paul; Chase, Kevin; Martin, Alan; Davern, Pluis; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Lark, Karl G.

2008-01-01

Phenotypic stereotypes are traits, often polygenic, that have been stringently selected to conform to specific criteria. In dogs, Canis familiaris, stereotypes result from breed standards set for conformation, performance (behaviors), etc. As a consequence, phenotypic values measured on a few individuals are representative of the breed stereotype. We used DNA samples isolated from 148 dog breeds to associate SNP markers with breed stereotypes. Using size as a trait to test the method, we identified six significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) on five chromosomes that include candidate genes appropriate to regulation of size (e.g., IGF1, IGF2BP2 SMAD2, etc.). Analysis of other morphological stereotypes, also under extreme selection, identified many additional significant loci. Less well-documented data for behavioral stereotypes tentatively identified loci for herding, pointing, boldness, and trainability. Four significant loci were identified for longevity, a breed characteristic not under direct selection, but inversely correlated with breed size. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed as well as its potential to identify loci regulating the within-breed incidence of specific polygenic diseases. PMID:18505865

40 CFR 63.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Requirements for Control Technology..., activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is in a section 112(c... finding and identifying control technology options under this subpart, any information that is available...

40 CFR 63.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Requirements for Control Technology..., activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is in a section 112(c... finding and identifying control technology options under this subpart, any information that is available...

40 CFR 63.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Requirements for Control Technology..., activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is in a section 112(c... finding and identifying control technology options under this subpart, any information that is available...

40 CFR 63.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Requirements for Control Technology..., activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is in a section 112(c... finding and identifying control technology options under this subpart, any information that is available...

40 CFR 63.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Requirements for Control Technology..., activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is in a section 112(c... finding and identifying control technology options under this subpart, any information that is available...

21 CFR 821.55 - Confidentiality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MEDICAL DEVICE TRACKING REQUIREMENTS Records and Inspections § 821.55 Confidentiality. (a) Any patient receiving a device subject to tracking requirements under this part may refuse to release, or refuse... identifying information for the purpose of tracking. (b) Records and other information submitted to FDA under...

Recommendations following a multi-laboratory comparison of microbial source tracking methods

EPA Science Inventory

Microbial source tracking (MST) methods are under development to provide resource managers with tools to identify sources of fecal contamination in water. Some of the most promising methods currently under development were recently evaluated in the Source Identification Protocol ...

Identification of positional candidate genes for response to crowding stress in rainbow trout

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fish under intensive rearing conditions experience various stressors which have negative impacts on survival, growth, reproduction and fillet quality. Identifying and characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate the development of strategies for improving anima...

Identification of Mutations Underlying 20 Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the United Arab Emirates Population

PubMed Central

Ben-Rebeh, Imen; Hertecant, Jozef L.; Al-Jasmi, Fatma A.; Aburawi, Hanan E.; Al-Yahyaee, Said A.; Al-Gazali, Lihadh

2012-01-01

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are frequently encountered by physicians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). However, the mutations underlying a large number of these disorders have not yet been determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the mutations underlying a number of IEM disorders among UAE residents from both national and expatriate families. A case series of patients from 34 families attending the metabolic clinic at Tawam Hospital were clinically evaluated, and molecular testing was carried out to determine their causative mutations. The mutation analysis was carried out at molecular genetics diagnostic laboratories. Thirty-eight mutations have been identified as responsible for twenty IEM disorders, including in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, steroids, metal transport and mitochondrial energy metabolism, and lysosomal storage disorders. Nine of the identified mutations are novel, including two missense mutations, three premature stop codons and four splice site mutations. Mutation analysis of IEM disorders in the UAE population has an important impact on molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for families affected by these disorders. PMID:22106832

Identifying genes affectng stress response in rainbow trout

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Genomic analyses have the potential to impact aquaculture production traits by identifying markers as proxies for traits which are expensive or difficult to measure and characterizing genetic variation and biochemical mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation. One such set of traits are the respon...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 2, Supplemental readings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in a court setting, such as a pre-sente...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 1, Manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in a court setting, such as a pre-sente...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 3, Scoring keys

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in court setting, such as a pre-sentenc...

Thermal-mechanical fatigue behavior of nickel-base superalloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pelloux, R. M.; Marchand, N.

1986-01-01

The main achievements of a 36-month research program are presented. The main objective was to gain more insight into the problem of crack growth under thermal mechanical fatigue (TMF) conditions. This program was conducted at M.I.T. for the period of September 1982 to September 1985. The program was arranged into five technical tasks. Under Task I, the literature of TMF data was reviewed. The goal was to identify the crack propagation conditions in aircraft engines (hot section) and to assess the validity of conventional fracture mechanics parameters to address TMF crack growth. The second task defined the test facilities, test specimen and the testing conditions needed to establish the effectiveness of data correlation parameters identified in Task I. Three materials (Inconel X-750, Hastelloy-X, and B-1900) were chosen for the program. Task II was accomplished in collaboration with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft engineers. Under Task III, a computerized testing system to measure the TMF behavior (LCF and CG behaviors) of various alloys systems was built. The software used to run isothermal and TMF tests was also developed. Built around a conventional servohydraulic machine, the system is capable of push-pull tests under stress or strain and temperature controlled conditions in the temperature range of 25C to 1050C. A crack propagation test program was defined and conducted under Task IV. The test variables included strain range, strain rate (frequency) and temperature. Task V correlated and generalized the Task IV data for isothermal and variable temperature conditions so that several crack propagation parameters could be compared and evaluated. The structural damage (mode of cracking and dislocation substructure) under TMF cycling was identified and contrasted with the isothermal damage to achieve a sound fundamental mechanistic understanding of TMF.

Noninvasive Electromagnetic Source Imaging and Granger Causality Analysis: An Electrophysiological Connectome (eConnectome) Approach

PubMed Central

Sohrabpour, Abbas; Ye, Shuai; Worrell, Gregory A.; Zhang, Wenbo

2016-01-01

Objective Combined source imaging techniques and directional connectivity analysis can provide useful information about the underlying brain networks in a non-invasive fashion. Source imaging techniques have been used successfully to either determine the source of activity or to extract source time-courses for Granger causality analysis, previously. In this work, we utilize source imaging algorithms to both find the network nodes (regions of interest) and then extract the activation time series for further Granger causality analysis. The aim of this work is to find network nodes objectively from noninvasive electromagnetic signals, extract activation time-courses and apply Granger analysis on the extracted series to study brain networks under realistic conditions. Methods Source imaging methods are used to identify network nodes and extract time-courses and then Granger causality analysis is applied to delineate the directional functional connectivity of underlying brain networks. Computer simulations studies where the underlying network (nodes and connectivity pattern) is known were performed; additionally, this approach has been evaluated in partial epilepsy patients to study epilepsy networks from inter-ictal and ictal signals recorded by EEG and/or MEG. Results Localization errors of network nodes are less than 5 mm and normalized connectivity errors of ~20% in estimating underlying brain networks in simulation studies. Additionally, two focal epilepsy patients were studied and the identified nodes driving the epileptic network were concordant with clinical findings from intracranial recordings or surgical resection. Conclusion Our study indicates that combined source imaging algorithms with Granger causality analysis can identify underlying networks precisely (both in terms of network nodes location and internodal connectivity). Significance The combined source imaging and Granger analysis technique is an effective tool for studying normal or pathological brain conditions. PMID:27740473

Noninvasive Electromagnetic Source Imaging and Granger Causality Analysis: An Electrophysiological Connectome (eConnectome) Approach.

PubMed

Sohrabpour, Abbas; Ye, Shuai; Worrell, Gregory A; Zhang, Wenbo; He, Bin

2016-12-01

Combined source-imaging techniques and directional connectivity analysis can provide useful information about the underlying brain networks in a noninvasive fashion. Source-imaging techniques have been used successfully to either determine the source of activity or to extract source time-courses for Granger causality analysis, previously. In this work, we utilize source-imaging algorithms to both find the network nodes [regions of interest (ROI)] and then extract the activation time series for further Granger causality analysis. The aim of this work is to find network nodes objectively from noninvasive electromagnetic signals, extract activation time-courses, and apply Granger analysis on the extracted series to study brain networks under realistic conditions. Source-imaging methods are used to identify network nodes and extract time-courses and then Granger causality analysis is applied to delineate the directional functional connectivity of underlying brain networks. Computer simulations studies where the underlying network (nodes and connectivity pattern) is known were performed; additionally, this approach has been evaluated in partial epilepsy patients to study epilepsy networks from interictal and ictal signals recorded by EEG and/or Magnetoencephalography (MEG). Localization errors of network nodes are less than 5 mm and normalized connectivity errors of ∼20% in estimating underlying brain networks in simulation studies. Additionally, two focal epilepsy patients were studied and the identified nodes driving the epileptic network were concordant with clinical findings from intracranial recordings or surgical resection. Our study indicates that combined source-imaging algorithms with Granger causality analysis can identify underlying networks precisely (both in terms of network nodes location and internodal connectivity). The combined source imaging and Granger analysis technique is an effective tool for studying normal or pathological brain conditions.

Wheat cultivars selected for high Fv /Fm under heat stress maintain high photosynthesis, total chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, transpiration and dry matter.

PubMed

Sharma, Dew Kumari; Andersen, Sven Bode; Ottosen, Carl-Otto; Rosenqvist, Eva

2015-02-01

The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv /Fm reflects the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and has been widely used for early stress detection in plants. Previously, we have used a three-tiered approach of phenotyping by Fv /Fm to identify naturally existing genetic variation for tolerance to severe heat stress (3 days at 40°C in controlled conditions) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here we investigated the performance of the previously selected cultivars (high and low group based on Fv /Fm value) in terms of growth and photosynthetic traits under moderate heat stress (1 week at 36/30°C day/night temperature in greenhouse) closer to natural heat waves in North-Western Europe. Dry matter accumulation after 7 days of heat stress was positively correlated to Fv /Fm . The high Fv /Fm group maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate (PN ) than the low group, accompanied by higher stomatal conductance (gs ), transpiration rate (E) and evaporative cooling of the leaf (ΔT). The difference in PN between the groups was not caused by differences in PSII capacity or gs as the variation in Fv /Fm and intracellular CO2 (Ci ) was non-significant under the given heat stress. This study validated that our three-tiered approach of phenotyping by Fv /Fm performed under increasing severity of heat was successful in identifying wheat cultivars differing in photosynthesis under moderate and agronomically more relevant heat stress. The identified cultivars may serve as a valuable resource for further studies to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the genetic variability in heat sensitivity of photosynthesis. © 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

Cluster analysis of spontaneous preterm birth phenotypes identifies potential associations among preterm birth mechanisms.

PubMed

Esplin, M Sean; Manuck, Tracy A; Varner, Michael W; Christensen, Bryce; Biggio, Joseph; Bukowski, Radek; Parry, Samuel; Zhang, Heping; Huang, Hao; Andrews, William; Saade, George; Sadovsky, Yoel; Reddy, Uma M; Ilekis, John

2015-09-01

We sought to use an innovative tool that is based on common biologic pathways to identify specific phenotypes among women with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) to enhance investigators' ability to identify and to highlight common mechanisms and underlying genetic factors that are responsible for SPTB. We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective case-control multicenter study of SPTB. All cases delivered a preterm singleton at SPTB ≤34.0 weeks' gestation. Each woman was assessed for the presence of underlying SPTB causes. A hierarchic cluster analysis was used to identify groups of women with homogeneous phenotypic profiles. One of the phenotypic clusters was selected for candidate gene association analysis with the use of VEGAS software. One thousand twenty-eight women with SPTB were assigned phenotypes. Hierarchic clustering of the phenotypes revealed 5 major clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 445) was characterized by maternal stress; cluster 2 (n = 294) was characterized by premature membrane rupture; cluster 3 (n = 120) was characterized by familial factors, and cluster 4 (n = 63) was characterized by maternal comorbidities. Cluster 5 (n = 106) was multifactorial and characterized by infection (INF), decidual hemorrhage (DH), and placental dysfunction (PD). These 3 phenotypes were correlated highly by χ(2) analysis (PD and DH, P < 2.2e-6; PD and INF, P = 6.2e-10; INF and DH, (P = .0036). Gene-based testing identified the INS (insulin) gene as significantly associated with cluster 3 of SPTB. We identified 5 major clusters of SPTB based on a phenotype tool and hierarch clustering. There was significant correlation between several of the phenotypes. The INS gene was associated with familial factors that were underlying SPTB. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Selection on plant male function genes identifies candidates for reproductive isolation of yellow monkeyflowers.

PubMed

Aagaard, Jan E; George, Renee D; Fishman, Lila; Maccoss, Michael J; Swanson, Willie J

2013-01-01

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation promises insight into speciation and the origins of biological diversity. While progress has been made in identifying genes underlying barriers to reproduction that function after fertilization (post-zygotic isolation), we know much less about earlier acting pre-zygotic barriers. Of particular interest are barriers involved in mating and fertilization that can evolve extremely rapidly under sexual selection, suggesting they may play a prominent role in the initial stages of reproductive isolation. A significant challenge to the field of speciation genetics is developing new approaches for identification of candidate genes underlying these barriers, particularly among non-traditional model systems. We employ powerful proteomic and genomic strategies to study the genetic basis of conspecific pollen precedence, an important component of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation among yellow monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.) resulting from male pollen competition. We use isotopic labeling in combination with shotgun proteomics to identify more than 2,000 male function (pollen tube) proteins within maternal reproductive structures (styles) of M. guttatus flowers where pollen competition occurs. We then sequence array-captured pollen tube exomes from a large outcrossing population of M. guttatus, and identify those genes with evidence of selective sweeps or balancing selection consistent with their role in pollen competition. We also test for evidence of positive selection on these genes more broadly across yellow monkeyflowers, because a signal of adaptive divergence is a common feature of genes causing reproductive isolation. Together the molecular evolution studies identify 159 pollen tube proteins that are candidate genes for conspecific pollen precedence. Our work demonstrates how powerful proteomic and genomic tools can be readily adapted to non-traditional model systems, allowing for genome-wide screens towards the goal of identifying the molecular basis of genetically complex traits.

Systems genetics of intravenous cocaine self-administration in the BXD recombinant inbred mouse panel

PubMed Central

Dickson, Price E.; Miller, Mellessa M.; Calton, Michele A.; Bubier, Jason A.; Cook, Melloni N.; Goldowitz, Daniel; Chesler, Elissa J.; Mittleman, Guy

2015-01-01

Rationale Cocaine addiction is a major public health problem with a substantial genetic basis for which the biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Systems genetics is a powerful method for discovering novel mechanisms underlying complex traits, and intravenous drug self-administration (IVSA) is the gold standard for assessing volitional drug use in preclinical studies. We have integrated these approaches to identify novel genes and networks underling cocaine use in mice. Methods Mice from 39 BXD strains acquired cocaine IVSA (0.56 mg/kg/infusion). Mice from 29 BXD strains completed a full dose-response curve (0.032 – 1.8 mg/kg/infusion). Results We identified independent genetic correlations between cocaine IVSA and measures of environmental exploration and cocaine sensitization. We identified genome-wide significant QTL on chromosomes 7 and 11 associated with shifts in the dose-response curve and on chromosome 16 associated with sessions to acquire cocaine IVSA. Using publicly available gene expression data from the nucleus accumbens, midbrain, and prefrontal cortex of drug-naïve mice, we identified Aplp1 and Cyfip2 as positional candidates underlying the behavioral QTL on chromosomes 7 and 11, respectively. A genome-wide significant trans-eQTL linking Fam53b (a GWAS candidate for human cocaine dependence) on chromosome 7 to the cocaine IVSA behavioral QTL on chromosome 11 was identified in the midbrain; Fam53b and Cyfip2 were co-expressed genome-wide significantly in the midbrain. This finding indicates that cocaine IVSA studies using mice can identify genes involved in human cocaine use. Conclusions These data provide novel candidate genes underlying cocaine IVSA in mice, and suggest mechanisms driving human cocaine use. PMID:26581503

Proteomic-Biostatistic Integrated Approach for Finding the Underlying Molecular Determinants of Hypertension in Human Plasma.

PubMed

Gajjala, Prathibha R; Jankowski, Vera; Heinze, Georg; Bilo, Grzegorz; Zanchetti, Alberto; Noels, Heidi; Liehn, Elisa; Perco, Paul; Schulz, Anna; Delles, Christian; Kork, Felix; Biessen, Erik; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kawecka-Jaszcz, Kalina; Floege, Juergen; Soranna, Davide; Zidek, Walter; Jankowski, Joachim

2017-08-01

Despite advancements in lowering blood pressure, the best approach to lower it remains controversial because of the lack of information on the molecular basis of hypertension. We, therefore, performed plasma proteomics of plasma from patients with hypertension to identify molecular determinants detectable in these subjects but not in controls and vice versa. Plasma samples from hypertensive subjects (cases; n=118) and controls (n=85) from the InGenious HyperCare cohort were used for this study and performed mass spectrometric analysis. Using biostatistical methods, plasma peptides specific for hypertension were identified, and a model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. The underlying peptides were identified and sequenced off-line using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry. By comparison of the molecular composition of the plasma samples, 27 molecular determinants were identified differently expressed in cases from controls. Seventy percent of the molecular determinants selected were found to occur less likely in hypertensive patients. In cross-validation, the overall R 2 was 0.434, and the area under the curve was 0.891 with 95% confidence interval 0.8482 to 0.9349, P <0.0001. The mean values of the cross-validated proteomic score of normotensive and hypertensive patients were found to be -2.007±0.3568 and 3.383±0.2643, respectively, P <0.0001. The molecular determinants were successfully identified, and the proteomic model developed shows an excellent discriminatory ability between hypertensives and normotensives. The identified molecular determinants may be the starting point for further studies to clarify the molecular causes of hypertension. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

Validation of an osteoporosis self-assessment tool to identify primary osteoporosis and new osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women in Beijing

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) in identifying postmenopausal women at increased risk of primary osteoporosis and painful new osteoporotic vertebral fractures in a large selected Han Chinese population in Beijing. Methods We assessed the performance of the OSTA in 1201 women. Subjects with an OSTA index > -1 were classified as the low risk group, and those with an index ≤ -1 were classified as the increased risk group. Osteoporosis is defined by a T-score ≤ 2.5 standard deviations according to the WHO criteria. All painful, new vertebral fractures were identified by X-ray and MRI scans with correlating clinical signs and symptoms. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for correctly selecting women with osteoporosis and painful new vertebral fractures. Results Of the study subjects, 29.3% had osteoporosis, and the prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age. The areas under the ROC curves of the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to identify osteoporosis in the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine were 0.824, 0.824, and 0.776, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to identify osteoporosis in healthy women were 66% and 76%, respectively. With regard to painful new vertebral fractures, the area under the ROC curve relating the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to new vertebral fractures was 0.812. Conclusions The OSTA may be a simple and effective tool for identifying the risk of osteoporosis and new painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Han Chinese women. PMID:24053509

Self-Efficacy Enhanced in a Cross-Cultural Context through an Initiative in Under-Resourced Schools in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maher, Marguerite

2016-01-01

This paper discusses the Khanyisa Programme, an initiative in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where learners from under-resourced schools are supported by teachers and high achievers in Grade 11 and 12 from a previously advantaged state school under apartheid. A qualitative, evaluative study was undertaken to identify key elements in the ongoing…

An Interesting Case Report of Hematohidrosis.

PubMed

Jayaraman, Anu Rita; Kannan, P; Jayanthini, V

2017-01-01

Hematohidrosis or hematidrosis is a rare condition in which a human being sweats blood. Psychogenic cause is found to be the most frequent cause among other causes such as systemic disease and vicarious menstruation. This is a case report of a 10-year-old girl with oozing of blood from intact skin of scalp. Underlying intense fear secondary to psychosocial stressor was identified and a provisional diagnosis of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder was made. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were followed by complete remission. It was inferred from this experience that hematohidrosis is a treatable condition if the underlying cause is correctly identified.

India Solar Resource Data: Enhanced Data for Accelerated Deployment (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Identifying potential locations for solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) projects requires an understanding of the underlying solar resource. Under a bilateral partnership between the United States and India - the U.S.-India Energy Dialogue - the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has updated Indian solar data and maps using data provided by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and the National Institute for Solar Energy (NISE). This fact sheet overviews the updated maps and data, which help identify high-quality solar energy projects. This can help accelerate the deployment of solar energy in India.

India Solar Resource Data: Enhanced Data for Accelerated Deployment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

Identifying potential locations for solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) projects requires an understanding of the underlying solar resource. Under a bilateral partnership between the United States and India - the U.S.-India Energy Dialogue - the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has updated Indian solar data and maps using data provided by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and the National Institute for Solar Energy (NISE). This fact sheet overviews the updated maps and data, which help identify high-quality solar energy projects. This can help accelerate the deployment of solar energy in India.

Researcher Perceptions of Ethical Guidelines and Codes of Conduct

PubMed Central

Giorgini, Vincent; Mecca, Jensen T.; Gibson, Carter; Medeiros, Kelsey; Mumford, Michael D.; Connelly, Shane; Devenport, Lynn D.

2014-01-01

Ethical codes of conduct exist in almost every profession. Field-specific codes of conduct have been around for decades, each articulating specific ethical and professional guidelines. However, there has been little empirical research on researchers’ perceptions of these codes of conduct. In the present study, we interviewed faculty members in six research disciplines and identified five themes bearing on the circumstances under which they use ethical guidelines and the underlying reasons for not adhering to such guidelines. We then identify problems with the manner in which codes of conduct in academia are constructed and offer solutions for overcoming these problems. PMID:25635845

Gene expression profiling of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) under edaphic stress.

PubMed

Dmitriev, Alexey A; Kudryavtseva, Anna V; Krasnov, George S; Koroban, Nadezhda V; Speranskaya, Anna S; Krinitsina, Anastasia A; Belenikin, Maxim S; Snezhkina, Anastasiya V; Sadritdinova, Asiya F; Kishlyan, Natalya V; Rozhmina, Tatiana A; Yurkevich, Olga Yu; Muravenko, Olga V; Bolsheva, Nadezhda L; Melnikova, Nataliya V

2016-11-16

Cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is widely used for production of textile, food, chemical and pharmaceutical products. However, various stresses decrease flax production. Search for genes, which are involved in stress response, is necessary for breeding of adaptive cultivars. Imbalanced concentration of nutrient elements in soil decrease flax yields and also results in heritable changes in some flax lines. The appearance of Linum Insertion Sequence 1 (LIS-1) is the most studied modification. However, LIS-1 function is still unclear. High-throughput sequencing of transcriptome of flax plants grown under normal (N), phosphate deficient (P), and nutrient excess (NPK) conditions was carried out using Illumina platform. The assembly of transcriptome was performed, and a total of 34924, 33797, and 33698 unique transcripts for N, P, and NPK sequencing libraries were identified, respectively. We have not revealed any LIS-1 derived mRNA in our sequencing data. The analysis of high-throughput sequencing data allowed us to identify genes with potentially differential expression under imbalanced nutrition. For further investigation with qPCR, 15 genes were chosen and their expression levels were evaluated in the extended sampling of 31 flax plants. Significant expression alterations were revealed for genes encoding WRKY and JAZ protein families under P and NPK conditions. Moreover, the alterations of WRKY family genes differed depending on LIS-1 presence in flax plant genome. Besides, we revealed slight and LIS-1 independent mRNA level changes of KRP2 and ING1 genes, which are adjacent to LIS-1, under nutrition stress. Differentially expressed genes were identified in flax plants, which were grown under phosphate deficiency and excess nutrition, on the basis of high-throughput sequencing and qPCR data. We showed that WRKY and JAS gene families participate in flax response to imbalanced nutrient content in soil. Besides, we have not identified any mRNA, which could be derived from LIS-1, in our transcriptome sequencing data. Expression of LIS-1 flanking genes, ING1 and KRP2, was suggested not to be nutrient stress-induced. Obtained results provide new insights into edaphic stress response in flax and the role of LIS-1 in these process.

Analysis of Levene's Test under Design Imbalance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keyes, Tim K.; Levy, Martin S.

1997-01-01

H. Levene (1960) proposed a heuristic test for heteroscedasticity in the case of a balanced two-way layout, based on analysis of variance of absolute residuals. Conditions under which design imbalance affects the test's characteristics are identified, and a simple correction involving leverage is proposed. (SLD)

7 CFR 3406.24 - Grant awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 3019). (b) Organizational management information. Specific management information relating to a... Information § 3406.24 Grant awards. (a) General. Within the limit of funds available for such purpose, the... identified under this part if such information has not been provided previously under this or another program...

41 CFR 101-30.103-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.1... and maintain a uniform Federal Catalog System to identify and classify personal property under the control of Federal agencies. Under this law each Federal agency is required to utilize the uniform Federal...

41 CFR 101-30.103-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.1... and maintain a uniform Federal Catalog System to identify and classify personal property under the control of Federal agencies. Under this law each Federal agency is required to utilize the uniform Federal...

41 CFR 101-30.103-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.1... and maintain a uniform Federal Catalog System to identify and classify personal property under the control of Federal agencies. Under this law each Federal agency is required to utilize the uniform Federal...

41 CFR 101-30.103-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.1... and maintain a uniform Federal Catalog System to identify and classify personal property under the control of Federal agencies. Under this law each Federal agency is required to utilize the uniform Federal...

Skyline logging productivity under alternative harvesting prescriptions and levels of utilization in larch-fir stands

Treesearch

Rulon B. Gardner

1980-01-01

Larch-fir stands in northwest Montana were experimentally logged to determine the influence of increasingly intensive levels of utilization upon rates of yarding production, under three different silvicultural prescriptions. Variables influencing rate of production were also identified.

Renewable Fuel Pathways II Final Rule to Identify Additional Fuel Pathways under Renewable Fuel Standard Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This final rule describes EPA’s evaluation of biofuels derived from biogas fuel pathways under the RFS program and other minor amendments related to survey requirements associated with ULSD program and misfueling mitigation regulations for E15.

24 CFR 761.21 - Plan requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... funding source for each activity, identifying in particular all activities to be funded under this part... requirement. (a) General requirement. To receive funding under this part, each PHDEP qualified recipient or... the application for PHDEP funding, and an otherwise qualified recipient that does not submit a PHDEP...

The human genome as common heritage: common sense or legal nonsense?

PubMed

Ossorio, Pilar N

2007-01-01

This essay identifies two legal lineages underlying the common heritage concept, and applies each to the human genome. The essay notes some advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and argues that patenting of human genes would be allowable under either approach.

A Model for Sustainable Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit (BEER) Using Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) Mechanism for Hotel Buildings in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Pengpeng

Hotel building is one of the high-energy-consuming building types, and retrofitting hotel buildings is an untapped solution to help cut carbon emissions contributing towards sustainable development. Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) has been promulgated as a market mechanism for the delivery of energy efficiency projects. EPC mechanism has been introduced into China relatively recently, and it has not been implemented successfully in building energy efficiency retrofit projects. The aim of this research is to develop a model for achieving the sustainability of Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit (BEER) in hotel buildings under the Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) mechanism. The objectives include: • To identify a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for measuring the sustainability of BEER in hotel buildings; • To identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs) under EPC mechanism that have a strong correlation with sustainable BEER project; • To develop a model explaining the relationships between the CSFs and the sustainability performance of BEER in hotel building. Literature reviews revealed the essence of sustainable BEER and EPC, which help to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing sustainable BEER under EPC mechanism in hotel buildings. 11 potential KPIs for sustainable BEER and 28 success factors of EPC were selected based on the developed framework. A questionnaire survey was conducted to ascertain the importance of selected performance indicators and success factors. Fuzzy set theory was adopted in identifying the KPIs. Six KPIs were identified from the 11 selected performance indicators. Through a questionnaire survey, out of the 28 success factors, 21 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) were also indentified. Using the factor analysis technique, the 21 identified CSFs in this study were grouped into six clusters to help explain project success of sustainable BEER. Finally, AHP/ANP approach was used in this research to develop a model to examine the interrelationships among the identified CSFs, KPIs, and sustainable dimensions of BEER. The findings indicate that the success of sustainable BEER in hotel buildings under the EPC mechanism is mainly decided by project objectives control mechanism, available technology, organizing capacity of team leader, trust among partners, accurate M&V, and team workers' technical skills.

A simple method for identification of misreporting of energy intake from infancy to school age: Results from a longitudinal study.

PubMed

Gomes, Delphina; Luque, Veronica; Xhonneux, Annick; Verduci, Elvira; Socha, Piotr; Koletzko, Berthold; Berger, Ursula; Grote, Veit

2018-06-01

Misreporting is a major source of reporting bias in nutritional surveys. It can affect the analysis of associations between diet and disease. Although various methods have been proposed to identify misreporting, their application to infants and young children is difficult. We identify misreporting of energy intake in infants and young children and propose a simplified approach. 1199 children were enrolled in the Childhood Obesity Programme (CHOP) based in 5 European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain) with repeated measurements of 3-day weighed food protocol and anthropometric indices at 10 time points between ages 1-96 months. Individual cut-offs for the ratio of reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement were calculated to identify misreporters. Misreporting was studied according to age, gender, BMI z-scores and country. We identified a higher proportion of over-reporters (18.9%) as compared to under-reporters (10.6%). The proportion of over-reporting was higher among infants while under-reporting was more prevalent in school-aged children. Under-reporting was higher in boys (12.0%) and in obese/over-weight children (36.3%). Mean values for upper and lower cut-offs for the ratio of reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement in children ≤12 months were 0.80 and 1.20, and 0.75 and 1.25 for children >12 months, respectively. Using these fixed (mean) values, 90.4% (kappa statistic: 0.78) of all misreporters could be identified. Despite intensive measures to obtain habitual intake of children, an essential proportion of nutritional reports were found to be implausible. Both over- and under-reporting should be carefully analysed, even in studies on infants. Fixed cut-offs can be applied to identify misreporting if no individual variation in energy intake can be calculated. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00338689. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Classification and reduction of pilot error

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, W. H.; Logan, A. L.; Boley, G. D.

1989-01-01

Human error is a primary or contributing factor in about two-thirds of commercial aviation accidents worldwide. With the ultimate goal of reducing pilot error accidents, this contract effort is aimed at understanding the factors underlying error events and reducing the probability of certain types of errors by modifying underlying factors such as flight deck design and procedures. A review of the literature relevant to error classification was conducted. Classification includes categorizing types of errors, the information processing mechanisms and factors underlying them, and identifying factor-mechanism-error relationships. The classification scheme developed by Jens Rasmussen was adopted because it provided a comprehensive yet basic error classification shell or structure that could easily accommodate addition of details on domain-specific factors. For these purposes, factors specific to the aviation environment were incorporated. Hypotheses concerning the relationship of a small number of underlying factors, information processing mechanisms, and error types types identified in the classification scheme were formulated. ASRS data were reviewed and a simulation experiment was performed to evaluate and quantify the hypotheses.

Efficient logistic regression designs under an imperfect population identifier.

PubMed

Albert, Paul S; Liu, Aiyi; Nansel, Tonja

2014-03-01

Motivated by actual study designs, this article considers efficient logistic regression designs where the population is identified with a binary test that is subject to diagnostic error. We consider the case where the imperfect test is obtained on all participants, while the gold standard test is measured on a small chosen subsample. Under maximum-likelihood estimation, we evaluate the optimal design in terms of sample selection as well as verification. We show that there may be substantial efficiency gains by choosing a small percentage of individuals who test negative on the imperfect test for inclusion in the sample (e.g., verifying 90% test-positive cases). We also show that a two-stage design may be a good practical alternative to a fixed design in some situations. Under optimal and nearly optimal designs, we compare maximum-likelihood and semi-parametric efficient estimators under correct and misspecified models with simulations. The methodology is illustrated with an analysis from a diabetes behavioral intervention trial. © 2013, The International Biometric Society.

QTL affecting stress response to crowding in a rainbow trout broodstock population

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background Genomic analyses have the potential to impact selective breeding programs by identifying markers that serve as proxies for traits which are expensive or difficult to measure. Also, identifying genes affecting traits of interest enhances our understanding of their underlying biochemical ...

(Per)chlorate in Biology on Earth and Beyond.

PubMed

Youngblut, Matthew D; Wang, Ouwei; Barnum, Tyler P; Coates, John D

2016-09-08

Respiration of perchlorate and chlorate [collectively, (per)chlorate] was only recognized in the last 20 years, yet substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the underlying metabolisms. Although it was once considered solely anthropogenic, pervasive natural sources, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, indicate an ancient (per)chlorate presence across our solar system. These discoveries stimulated interest in (per)chlorate microbiology, and the application of advanced approaches highlights exciting new facets. Forward and reverse genetics revealed new information regarding underlying molecular biology and associated regulatory mechanisms. Structural and functional analysis characterized core enzymes and identified novel reaction sequences. Comparative genomics elucidated evolutionary aspects, and stress analysis identified novel response mechanisms to reactive chlorine species. Finally, systems biology identified unique metabolic versatility and novel mechanisms of (per)chlorate respiration, including symbiosis and a hybrid enzymatic-abiotic metabolism. While many published studies focus on (per)chlorate and their basic metabolism, this review highlights seminal advances made over the last decade and identifies new directions and potential novel applications.

Self-Identified Sexual Orientation and Sexual Risk Behavior Among HIV-Infected Latino Males.

PubMed

Champion, Jane Dimmitt; Szlachta, Alaina

2016-01-01

The HIV testing, disclosure, and sexual practices of ethnic minority men suggest that addressing sexual risk behavior and the underlying reasons for not receiving HIV testing or disclosing HIV-infection status-unique to differing populations-would improve public health interventions. Descriptive behaviors and underlying perspectives reported in our study suggest that public health interventions for HIV-infected Latino men who self-identify as heterosexual should explicitly identify substance use, needle sharing, and unprotected sex to current partners as behaviors placing both oneself and one's partners at high risk for contracting HIV. However, diversity of sexual behavior among gay, straight, and bisexual HIV-infected Latino men in our study ultimately suggested that clinicians should not rely on simplistic conceptions of sexuality in assessment of self-care needs. Care in presentation and discussion of self-identified sexual preference and sexual behavior is indicated, as these do not determine actual sexual orientation or behavior and vice versa. Copyright © 2016 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation and Validation of Housekeeping Genes as Reference for Gene Expression Studies in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Under Drought Stress Conditions

PubMed Central

Sinha, Pallavi; Singh, Vikas K.; Suryanarayana, V.; Krishnamurthy, L.; Saxena, Rachit K.; Varshney, Rajeev K.

2015-01-01

Gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a very sensitive technique and its sensitivity depends on the stable performance of reference gene(s) used in the study. A number of housekeeping genes have been used in various expression studies in many crops however, their expression were found to be inconsistent under different stress conditions. As a result, species specific housekeeping genes have been recommended for different expression studies in several crop species. However, such specific housekeeping genes have not been reported in the case of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) despite the fact that genome sequence has become available for the crop. To identify the stable housekeeping genes in pigeonpea for expression analysis under drought stress conditions, the relative expression variations of 10 commonly used housekeeping genes (EF1α, UBQ10, GAPDH, 18SrRNA, 25SrRNA, TUB6, ACT1, IF4α, UBC and HSP90) were studied on root, stem and leaves tissues of Asha (ICPL 87119). Three statistical algorithms geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper were used to define the stability of candidate genes. geNorm analysis identified IF4α and TUB6 as the most stable housekeeping genes however, NormFinder analysis determined IF4α and HSP90 as the most stable housekeeping genes under drought stress conditions. Subsequently validation of the identified candidate genes was undertaken in qRT-PCR based gene expression analysis of uspA gene which plays an important role for drought stress conditions in pigeonpea. The relative quantification of the uspA gene varied according to the internal controls (stable and least stable genes), thus highlighting the importance of the choice of as well as validation of internal controls in such experiments. The identified stable and validated housekeeping genes will facilitate gene expression studies in pigeonpea especially under drought stress conditions. PMID:25849964

Evaluation and validation of housekeeping genes as reference for gene expression studies in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under drought stress conditions.

PubMed

Sinha, Pallavi; Singh, Vikas K; Suryanarayana, V; Krishnamurthy, L; Saxena, Rachit K; Varshney, Rajeev K

2015-01-01

Gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a very sensitive technique and its sensitivity depends on the stable performance of reference gene(s) used in the study. A number of housekeeping genes have been used in various expression studies in many crops however, their expression were found to be inconsistent under different stress conditions. As a result, species specific housekeeping genes have been recommended for different expression studies in several crop species. However, such specific housekeeping genes have not been reported in the case of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) despite the fact that genome sequence has become available for the crop. To identify the stable housekeeping genes in pigeonpea for expression analysis under drought stress conditions, the relative expression variations of 10 commonly used housekeeping genes (EF1α, UBQ10, GAPDH, 18SrRNA, 25SrRNA, TUB6, ACT1, IF4α, UBC and HSP90) were studied on root, stem and leaves tissues of Asha (ICPL 87119). Three statistical algorithms geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper were used to define the stability of candidate genes. geNorm analysis identified IF4α and TUB6 as the most stable housekeeping genes however, NormFinder analysis determined IF4α and HSP90 as the most stable housekeeping genes under drought stress conditions. Subsequently validation of the identified candidate genes was undertaken in qRT-PCR based gene expression analysis of uspA gene which plays an important role for drought stress conditions in pigeonpea. The relative quantification of the uspA gene varied according to the internal controls (stable and least stable genes), thus highlighting the importance of the choice of as well as validation of internal controls in such experiments. The identified stable and validated housekeeping genes will facilitate gene expression studies in pigeonpea especially under drought stress conditions.

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization in qRT-PCR Analysis in Watermelon

PubMed Central

Gao, Lingyun; Zhao, Shuang; Jiang, Wei; Huang, Yuan; Bie, Zhilong

2014-01-01

Watermelon is one of the major Cucurbitaceae crops and the recent availability of genome sequence greatly facilitates the fundamental researches on it. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT–PCR) is the preferred method for gene expression analyses, and using validated reference genes for normalization is crucial to ensure the accuracy of this method. However, a systematic validation of reference genes has not been conducted on watermelon. In this study, transcripts of 15 candidate reference genes were quantified in watermelon using qRT–PCR, and the stability of these genes was compared using geNorm and NormFinder. geNorm identified ClTUA and ClACT, ClEF1α and ClACT, and ClCAC and ClTUA as the best pairs of reference genes in watermelon organs and tissues under normal growth conditions, abiotic stress, and biotic stress, respectively. NormFinder identified ClYLS8, ClUBCP, and ClCAC as the best single reference genes under the above experimental conditions, respectively. ClYLS8 and ClPP2A were identified as the best reference genes across all samples. Two to nine reference genes were required for more reliable normalization depending on the experimental conditions. The widely used watermelon reference gene 18SrRNA was less stable than the other reference genes under the experimental conditions. Catalase family genes were identified in watermelon genome, and used to validate the reliability of the identified reference genes. ClCAT1and ClCAT2 were induced and upregulated in the first 24 h, whereas ClCAT3 was downregulated in the leaves under low temperature stress. However, the expression levels of these genes were significantly overestimated and misinterpreted when 18SrRNA was used as a reference gene. These results provide a good starting point for reference gene selection in qRT–PCR analyses involving watermelon. PMID:24587403

Genetic architecture of delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress in cowpea.

PubMed

Muchero, Wellington; Roberts, Philip A; Diop, Ndeye N; Drabo, Issa; Cisse, Ndiaga; Close, Timothy J; Muranaka, Satoru; Boukar, Ousmane; Ehlers, Jeffrey D

2013-01-01

The stay-green phenomenon is a key plant trait with wide usage in managing crop production under limited water conditions. This trait enhances delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress. In this study we sought to identify QTLs in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) consistent across experiments conducted in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, and the United States of America under limited water conditions. A panel of 383 diverse cowpea accessions and a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) were SNP genotyped using an Illumina 1536 GoldenGate assay. Phenotypic data from thirteen experiments conducted across the four countries were used to identify SNP-trait associations based on linkage disequilibrium association mapping, with bi-parental QTL mapping as a complementary strategy. We identified seven loci, five of which exhibited evidence suggesting pleiotropic effects (stay-green) between delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield. Further, we provide evidence suggesting the existence of positive pleiotropy in cowpea based on positively correlated mean phenotypic values (0.34< r <0.87) and allele effects (0.07< r <0.86) for delayed senescence and grain yield across three African environments. Three of the five putative stay-green QTLs, Dro-1, 3, and 7 were identified in both RILs and diverse germplasm with resolutions of 3.2 cM or less for each of the three loci, suggesting that these may be valuable targets for marker-assisted breeding in cowpea. Also, the co-location of early vegetative delayed senescence with biomass and grain yield QTLs suggests the possibility of using delayed senescence at the seedling stage as a rapid screening tool for post-flowering drought tolerance in cowpea breeding. BLAST analysis using EST sequences harboring SNPs with the highest associations provided a genomic context for loci identified in this study in closely related common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max) reference genomes.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPHTHALMOLOGIC LESIONS IDENTIFIED IN FREE-RANGING DOLPHINS AND THOSE UNDER HUMAN CARE.

PubMed

Colitz, Carmen M H; Walsh, Michael T; McCulloch, Stephen D

2016-03-01

Cetaceans in the wild and under human care develop a variety of ocular lesions. Although they have echolocation, cetacean species have good sight, making ocular health an important part of overall health care. The cornea is the primary site of abnormalities in both populations. Typical lesions of cetaceans under human care are characterized in this retrospective review of cases. One hundred eighty animals (n = 360 eyes) were chosen from the author's ophthalmologic examination reports from different geographic areas; they included Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Pacific bottle nose dolphins (Tursiopstruncatus gilli), Indopacific bottlenose dolphins (Steno bredanensis), Indopacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis), and roughtooth dolphins (Steno bredanensis). These animals were examined at least once, although most were examined numerous times over many years; lesions were categorized and are described. Seventy-seven eyes from 47 animals were normal. Medial keratopathy was the most common lesion and identified in 180 eyes from 97 animals, with 83 affected bilaterally. Horizontal keratopathy was identified in 69 eyes from 41 animals, with 28 affected bilaterally. Axial keratopathy and nonspecific axial opacities were identified in 67 eyes from 44 animals, with 21 affected bilaterally. Seventy-eight eyes from 50 animals, with 28 affected bilaterally, had more than one type of corneal lesion. Cataracts were identified in 32 eyes from 19 animals, with 13 affected bilaterally. Traumatic injuries were also common and involved eyelids and cornea. Sixteen eyes from 11 animals were blind; five dolphins were blind bilaterally due to phthisis bulbi secondary to corneal perforation or severe trauma. None of the diseases had a sex predisposition; however, medial keratopathy was significantly more common as a bilateral presentation than as a unilateral presentation. Cetaceans under human care with impaired sight can use echolocation; however, ocular health should definitely be a priority in their overall health plan.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression normalization in qRT-PCR analysis in watermelon.

PubMed

Kong, Qiusheng; Yuan, Jingxian; Gao, Lingyun; Zhao, Shuang; Jiang, Wei; Huang, Yuan; Bie, Zhilong

2014-01-01

Watermelon is one of the major Cucurbitaceae crops and the recent availability of genome sequence greatly facilitates the fundamental researches on it. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) is the preferred method for gene expression analyses, and using validated reference genes for normalization is crucial to ensure the accuracy of this method. However, a systematic validation of reference genes has not been conducted on watermelon. In this study, transcripts of 15 candidate reference genes were quantified in watermelon using qRT-PCR, and the stability of these genes was compared using geNorm and NormFinder. geNorm identified ClTUA and ClACT, ClEF1α and ClACT, and ClCAC and ClTUA as the best pairs of reference genes in watermelon organs and tissues under normal growth conditions, abiotic stress, and biotic stress, respectively. NormFinder identified ClYLS8, ClUBCP, and ClCAC as the best single reference genes under the above experimental conditions, respectively. ClYLS8 and ClPP2A were identified as the best reference genes across all samples. Two to nine reference genes were required for more reliable normalization depending on the experimental conditions. The widely used watermelon reference gene 18SrRNA was less stable than the other reference genes under the experimental conditions. Catalase family genes were identified in watermelon genome, and used to validate the reliability of the identified reference genes. ClCAT1and ClCAT2 were induced and upregulated in the first 24 h, whereas ClCAT3 was downregulated in the leaves under low temperature stress. However, the expression levels of these genes were significantly overestimated and misinterpreted when 18SrRNA was used as a reference gene. These results provide a good starting point for reference gene selection in qRT-PCR analyses involving watermelon.

Increase of Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol Contents of the Essential Oil of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Using Salicylic Acid Treatments under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions.

PubMed

Ghasemi, Mojtaba; Babaeian Jelodar, Nadali; Modarresi, Mohammad; Bagheri, Nadali; Jamali, Abbas

2016-08-27

The chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabolol contents and quality of the chamomile oil are affected by genetic background and environmental conditions. Salicylic acid (SA), as a signaling molecule, plays a significant role in the plant physiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile, quantity, and improve the essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabol using salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The factorial experiments were carried out during the 2011-2012 hot season using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors include four salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control), 10, 25 and 100 mg·L -1 ), and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold) were sown on two different planting dates under field conditions. Fourteen compounds were identified from the extracted oil of the samples treated with salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions. The major identified oil compositions from chamomile cultivars treated with salicylic acid were chamazulene, α-(-)-bisabolol, bisabolone oxide, β-farnesene, en-yn-dicycloether, and bisabolol oxide A and B. Analysis of variance showed that the simple effects (environmental conditions, cultivar and salicylic acid) and their interaction were significant on all identified compounds, but the environmental conditions had no significant effect on bisabolol oxide A. The greatest amount of chamazulene obtained was 6.66% at the concentration of 10 mg·L -1 SA for the Bona cultivar under heat stress conditions, whereas the highest α-(-)-bisabolol amount attained was 3.41% at the concentration of 100 mg·L -1 SA for the Bona cultivar under normal conditions. The results demonstrated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid increases the quantity and essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(-)-bisabolol under normal and heat stress conditions.

QTLomics in Soybean: A Way Forward for Translational Genomics and Breeding

PubMed Central

Kumawat, Giriraj; Gupta, Sanjay; Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.; Maranna, Shivakumar; Satpute, Gyanesh K.

2016-01-01

Food legumes play an important role in attaining both food and nutritional security along with sustainable agricultural production for the well-being of humans globally. The various traits of economic importance in legume crops are complex and quantitative in nature, which are governed by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Mapping of quantitative traits is a tedious and costly process, however, a large number of QTLs has been mapped in soybean for various traits albeit their utilization in breeding programmes is poorly reported. For their effective use in breeding programme it is imperative to narrow down the confidence interval of QTLs, to identify the underlying genes, and most importantly allelic characterization of these genes for identifying superior variants. In the field of functional genomics, especially in the identification and characterization of gene responsible for quantitative traits, soybean is far ahead from other legume crops. The availability of genic information about quantitative traits is more significant because it is easy and effective to identify homologs than identifying shared syntenic regions in other crop species. In soybean, genes underlying QTLs have been identified and functionally characterized for phosphorous efficiency, flowering and maturity, pod dehiscence, hard-seededness, α-Tocopherol content, soybean cyst nematode, sudden death syndrome, and salt tolerance. Candidate genes have also been identified for many other quantitative traits for which functional validation is required. Using the sequence information of identified genes from soybean, comparative genomic analysis of homologs in other legume crops could discover novel structural variants and useful alleles for functional marker development. The functional markers may be very useful for molecular breeding in soybean and harnessing benefit of translational research from soybean to other leguminous crops. Thus, soybean crop can act as a model crop for translational genomics and breeding of quantitative traits in legume crops. In this review, we summarize current status of identification and characterization of genes underlying QTLs for various quantitative traits in soybean and their significance in translational genomics and breeding of other legume crops. PMID:28066449

33 CFR 155.1055 - Training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Oil § 155.1055 Training. (a) A response plan submitted to meet the requirements of § 155.1035 must identify the training to be provided to persons having responsibilities under the plan, including members... under the plan including tankermen and members of the towing vessel crew. The training program must...

29 CFR 525.22 - Employee's right to petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consider, to the extent evidence is available, the productivity of the employee or employees identified in the petition and the conditions under which such productivity was measured, and the productivity of... vicinity and the conditions under which much productivity was mesured. In these proceedings, the burden of...

RNA-seq analysis of early hepatic response to handling and confinement stress in rainbow trout

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fish under intensive rearing conditions experience various stressors which have negative impacts on survival, growth and fillet quality. Identifying and characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate the development of strategies that aim to improve animal welfar...

Leaf transpiration efficiency in corn varieties grown at elevated carbon dioxide

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Higher leaf transpiration efficiency (TE) without lower photosynthesis has been identified in some varieties of corn in field tests, and could be a useful trait to improve yield under dry conditions without sacrificing yield under favorable conditions. However, because the carbon dioxide concentrat...

Proteome analysis to assess physiological changes in Escherichia coli grown under glucose-limited fed-batch conditions.

PubMed

Raman, Babu; Nandakumar, M P; Muthuvijayan, Vignesh; Marten, Mark R

2005-11-05

Proteome analysis was used to compare global protein expression changes in Escherichia coli fermentation between exponential and glucose-limited fed-batch phase. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to separate and identify 49 proteins showing >2-fold difference in expression. Proteins upregulated during exponential phase include ribonucleotide biosynthesis enzymes and ribosomal recycling factor. Proteins upregulated during fed-batch phase include those involved in high-affinity glucose uptake, transport and degradation of alternate carbon sources and TCA cycle, suggesting an enhanced role of the cycle under glucose- and energy-limited conditions. We report the upregulation of several putative proteins (ytfQ, ygiS, ynaF, yggX, yfeX), not identified in any previous study under carbon-limited conditions. Copyright (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Using Cotton Model Simulations to Estimate Optimally Profitable Irrigation Strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mauget, S. A.; Leiker, G.; Sapkota, P.; Johnson, J.; Maas, S.

2011-12-01

In recent decades irrigation pumping from the Ogallala Aquifer has led to declines in saturated thickness that have not been compensated for by natural recharge, which has led to questions about the long-term viability of agriculture in the cotton producing areas of west Texas. Adopting irrigation management strategies that optimize profitability while reducing irrigation waste is one way of conserving the aquifer's water resource. Here, a database of modeled cotton yields generated under drip and center pivot irrigated and dryland production scenarios is used in a stochastic dominance analysis that identifies such strategies under varying commodity price and pumping cost conditions. This database and analysis approach will serve as the foundation for a web-based decision support tool that will help producers identify optimal irrigation treatments under specified cotton price, electricity cost, and depth to water table conditions.

Identification of the mechanism underlying a human chimera by SNP array analysis.

PubMed

Shin, So Youn; Yoo, Han-Wook; Lee, Beom Hee; Kim, Kun Suk; Seo, Eul-Ju

2012-09-01

Human chimerism resulting from the fusion of two different zygotes is a rare phenomenon. Two mechanisms of chimerism have been hypothesized: dispermic fertilization of an oocyte and its second polar body and dispermic fertilization of two identical gametes from parthenogenetic activation, and these can be identified and discriminated using DNA polymorphism. In the present study we describe a patient with chimerism presenting as a true hermaphrodite and applied single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis to demonstrate dispermic fertilization of two identical gametes from parthenogenetic activation as the underlying mechanism at the whole chromosome level. We suggest that application of genotyping array analysis to the diagnostic process in patients with disorders of sex development will help identify more human chimera patients and increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Utah Youth Suicide Study: Psychological Autopsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moskos, Michelle; Olson, Lenora; Halbern, Sarah; Keller, Trisha; Gray, Doug

2005-01-01

We conducted a psychological autopsy study to further understand youth suicide in Utah. While traditional psychological autopsy studies primarily focus on the administration of psychometric measures to identify any underlying diagnosis of mental illness for the suicide decedent, we focused our interviews to identify which contacts in the…

A Stoplight for Student Data Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data Quality Campaign, 2015

2015-01-01

The foundational federal law on student privacy, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), establishes student privacy rights by restricting with whom and under what circumstances schools may share students' personally identifiable information. This tool summarizes some of the main provisions of FERPA, and identifies when students'…

Large-scale gene-centric meta-analysis across 32 studies identifies multiple lipid loci

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many SNPs underlying variations in plasma-lipid levels. We explore whether additional loci associated with plasma-lipid phenotypes, such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholest...

Genomic approaches to identifying transcriptional regulators of osteoblast differentiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stains, Joseph P.; Civitelli, Roberto

2003-01-01

Recent microarray studies of mouse and human osteoblast differentiation in vitro have identified novel transcription factors that may be important in the establishment and maintenance of differentiation. These findings help unravel the pattern of gene-expression changes that underly the complex process of bone formation.

40 CFR 721.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES General Provisions § 721.1 Scope and applicability. (a) This part identifies uses of chemical substances, except for microorganisms regulated under part 725 of... provisions of subpart E of this part. subpart E of this part identifies chemical substances and their...

40 CFR 721.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES General Provisions § 721.1 Scope and applicability. (a) This part identifies uses of chemical substances, except for microorganisms regulated under part 725 of... provisions of subpart E of this part. subpart E of this part identifies chemical substances and their...

40 CFR 721.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES General Provisions § 721.1 Scope and applicability. (a) This part identifies uses of chemical substances, except for microorganisms regulated under part 725 of... provisions of subpart E of this part. subpart E of this part identifies chemical substances and their...

40 CFR 721.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES General Provisions § 721.1 Scope and applicability. (a) This part identifies uses of chemical substances, except for microorganisms regulated under part 725 of... provisions of subpart E of this part. subpart E of this part identifies chemical substances and their...

40 CFR 721.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES General Provisions § 721.1 Scope and applicability. (a) This part identifies uses of chemical substances, except for microorganisms regulated under part 725 of... provisions of subpart E of this part. subpart E of this part identifies chemical substances and their...

Developing a Framework for Communication Management Competencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeffrey, Lynn Maud; Brunton, Margaret Ann

2011-01-01

Using a hierarchical needs assessment model developed by Hunt we identified the essential competencies of communication management practitioners for the purpose of curriculum development and selection. We found that the underlying values of the profession were embodied in two superordinate goals. Six major competencies were identified, which were…

76 FR 4823 - Hazardous Waste Management System; Identifying and Listing Hazardous Waste Exclusion

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-27

... Waste Management System; Identifying and Listing Hazardous Waste Exclusion AGENCY: Environmental... hazardous wastes. The Agency has decided to grant the petition based on an evaluation of waste-specific... excludes the petitioned waste from the requirements of hazardous waste regulations under the Resource...

Distinct effects of reminding mortality and physical pain on the default-mode activity and activity underlying self-reflection.

PubMed

Shi, Zhenhao; Han, Shihui

2018-06-01

Behavioral research suggests that reminding both mortality and negative affect influences self-related thoughts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we tested the hypothesis that reminders of mortality and physical pain decrease brain activity underlying self-related thoughts. Three groups of adults underwent priming procedures during which they answered questions pertaining to mortality, physical pain, or leisure time, respectively. Before and after priming, participants performed personality trait judgments on oneself or a celebrity, identified the font of words, or passively viewed a fixation. The default-mode activity and neural activity underlying self-reflection were identified by contrasting viewing a fixation vs. font judgment and trait judgments on oneself vs. a celebrity, respectively. The analyses of the pre-priming functional MRI (fMRI) data identified the default-mode activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and parahippocampal gyrus, and the activity underlying instructed self-reflection in both the ventral and dorsal regions of the MPFC. The analyses of the post-priming fMRI data revealed that, relative to leisure time priming, reminding mortality significantly reduced the default-mode PCC activity, and reminding physical pain significantly decreased the dorsal MPFC activity during instructed self-reflection. Our findings suggest distinct neural underpinnings of the effect of reminding morality and aversive emotion on default-mode and instructed self-reflection.

Parental Involvement in a School-Based Child Physical Activity and Nutrition Program in Southeastern United States: A Qualitative Analysis of Parenting Capacities.

PubMed

Ickes, Scott; Mahoney, Emily; Roberts, Alison; Dolan, Carrie

2016-03-01

Parent involvement varies widely in school-based programs designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition, yet the underlying factors that may limit parent's participation and support of learned behaviors at home are not well understood. We conducted a qualitative study that consisted of one focus group (n = 5) and 52 in-depth interviews among parents whose children participated in a school-based physical activity and nutrition (PAN) promotion program in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. We sought to identify factors that enabled or constrained parent's support of and involvement in children's programs and to understand the underlying factors that contribute to family success in making dietary and physical activity changes at home. Parents identified their physical and mental health, self-confidence, time, and decision making as underlying "capacities" in the family health pattern. When strengthened, these capacities encourage healthful family behavior and support of school-based PAN programs. Families that succeeded in adopting lessons learned from school-based PAN programs identified four primary strategies for success: shared goals, meal planning, modeling of good behaviors, and collective activities. Interventions that aim to improve child nutrition and physical activity and the broader family health environment should consider underlying capacities of parents and the importance of joint goals and activities. © 2016 Society for Public Health Education.

Transcriptome Analysis of Oryza sativa Calli Under Microgravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Jing; Chen, Haiying; Cai, Weiming

2015-11-01

The transcriptome of Oryza sativacalli was analyzed on board the Chinese spaceship "Shenzhou 8" to study the effects of microgravity on plant signal transduction and secondary metabolism (as one of the experiments with SIMBOX on Shenzhou 8). Calli of Oryza sativa were pre-cultured for 4 days on ground and then loaded into the stationary platform or the rotating platform of a biological incubator, called SIMBOX, to grow in space under microgravity conditions or 1g-conditions, respectively. The calli were fixed by RNAlater after grew 324 h under microgravity. After 17 days, Shenzhou 8 returned to Earth carrying SIMBOX. Oryza sativa calli were recovered, and the RNA was extracted for transcriptome analysis. After comparing 1 gspaceflight controls-inflight controls with 1 g-ground controls, 157 probe sets with different expression levels (fold change ≥2, p<0.05) were identified. When comparing spaceflight controls to 1 g-ground controls and to 1 g-inflight controls, 678 probe sets with different expression levels (fold change ≥2, p<0.05) were identified. The fact that the same 678 probe sets were identified in these two comparisons suggests that transcription was affected under microgravity conditions. MapMan analysis was used to classify 627 microgravity responsive (MR) transcripts. The MR transcripts were mainly involved in cell wall structure, the TCA cycle, primary metabolism, transcription, protein modification and degradation, hormone metabolism, calcium regulation, receptor like kinase activity and transport.

Isolation and Characterization of Brewer's Yeast Variants with Improved Fermentation Performance under High-Gravity Conditions▿

PubMed Central

Blieck, Lies; Toye, Geert; Dumortier, Françoise; Verstrepen, Kevin J.; Delvaux, Freddy R.; Thevelein, Johan M.; Van Dijck, Patrick

2007-01-01

To save energy, space, and time, today's breweries make use of high-gravity brewing in which concentrated medium (wort) is fermented, resulting in a product with higher ethanol content. After fermentation, the product is diluted to obtain beer with the desired alcohol content. While economically desirable, the use of wort with an even higher sugar concentration is limited by the inability of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces pastorianus) to efficiently ferment such concentrated medium. Here, we describe a successful strategy to obtain yeast variants with significantly improved fermentation capacity under high-gravity conditions. We isolated better-performing variants of the industrial lager strain CMBS33 by subjecting a pool of UV-induced variants to consecutive rounds of fermentation in very-high-gravity wort (>22° Plato). Two variants (GT336 and GT344) showing faster fermentation rates and/or more-complete attenuation as well as improved viability under high ethanol conditions were identified. The variants displayed the same advantages in a pilot-scale stirred fermenter under high-gravity conditions at 11°C. Microarray analysis identified several genes whose altered expression may be responsible for the superior performance of the variants. The role of some of these candidate genes was confirmed by genetic transformation. Our study shows that proper selection conditions allow the isolation of variants of commercial brewer's yeast with superior fermentation characteristics. Moreover, it is the first study to identify genes that affect fermentation performance under high-gravity conditions. The results are of interest to the beer and bioethanol industries, where the use of more-concentrated medium is economically advantageous. PMID:17158628

Exploring critical pathways for urban water management to identify robust strategies under deep uncertainties.

PubMed

Urich, Christian; Rauch, Wolfgang

2014-12-01

Long-term projections for key drivers needed in urban water infrastructure planning such as climate change, population growth, and socio-economic changes are deeply uncertain. Traditional planning approaches heavily rely on these projections, which, if a projection stays unfulfilled, can lead to problematic infrastructure decisions causing high operational costs and/or lock-in effects. New approaches based on exploratory modelling take a fundamentally different view. Aim of these is, to identify an adaptation strategy that performs well under many future scenarios, instead of optimising a strategy for a handful. However, a modelling tool to support strategic planning to test the implication of adaptation strategies under deeply uncertain conditions for urban water management does not exist yet. This paper presents a first step towards a new generation of such strategic planning tools, by combing innovative modelling tools, which coevolve the urban environment and urban water infrastructure under many different future scenarios, with robust decision making. The developed approach is applied to the city of Innsbruck, Austria, which is spatially explicitly evolved 20 years into the future under 1000 scenarios to test the robustness of different adaptation strategies. Key findings of this paper show that: (1) Such an approach can be used to successfully identify parameter ranges of key drivers in which a desired performance criterion is not fulfilled, which is an important indicator for the robustness of an adaptation strategy; and (2) Analysis of the rich dataset gives new insights into the adaptive responses of agents to key drivers in the urban system by modifying a strategy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Negative selection in tumor genome evolution acts on essential cellular functions and the immunopeptidome.

PubMed

Zapata, Luis; Pich, Oriol; Serrano, Luis; Kondrashov, Fyodor A; Ossowski, Stephan; Schaefer, Martin H

2018-05-31

Natural selection shapes cancer genomes. Previous studies used signatures of positive selection to identify genes driving malignant transformation. However, the contribution of negative selection against somatic mutations that affect essential tumor functions or specific domains remains a controversial topic. Here, we analyze 7546 individual exomes from 26 tumor types from TCGA data to explore the portion of the cancer exome under negative selection. Although we find most of the genes neutrally evolving in a pan-cancer framework, we identify essential cancer genes and immune-exposed protein regions under significant negative selection. Moreover, our simulations suggest that the amount of negative selection is underestimated. We therefore choose an empirical approach to identify genes, functions, and protein regions under negative selection. We find that expression and mutation status of negatively selected genes is indicative of patient survival. Processes that are most strongly conserved are those that play fundamental cellular roles such as protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, and molecular transport. Intriguingly, we observe strong signals of selection in the immunopeptidome and proteins controlling peptide exposition, highlighting the importance of immune surveillance evasion. Additionally, tumor type-specific immune activity correlates with the strength of negative selection on human epitopes. In summary, our results show that negative selection is a hallmark of cell essentiality and immune response in cancer. The functional domains identified could be exploited therapeutically, ultimately allowing for the development of novel cancer treatments.

Identification of mammalian proteins cross-linked to DNA by ionizing radiation.

PubMed

Barker, Sharon; Weinfeld, Michael; Zheng, Jing; Li, Liang; Murray, David

2005-10-07

Ionizing radiation (IR) is an important environmental risk factor for various cancers and also a major therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Exposure of mammalian cells to IR induces several types of damage to DNA, including double- and single-strand breaks, base and sugar damage, as well as DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs). Little is known regarding the biological consequences of DPCs. Identifying the proteins that become cross-linked to DNA by IR would be an important first step in this regard. We have therefore undertaken a proteomics study to isolate and identify proteins involved in IR-induced DPCs. DPCs were induced in AA8 Chinese hamster ovary or GM00637 human fibroblast cells using 0-4 gray of gamma-rays under either aerated or hypoxic conditions. DPCs were isolated using a recently developed method, and proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. We identified 29 proteins as being cross-linked to DNA by IR under aerated and/or hypoxic conditions. The identified proteins include structural proteins, actin-associated proteins, transcription regulators, RNA-splicing components, stress-response proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, and GDP/GTP-binding proteins. The involvement of several proteins (actin, histone H2B, and others) in DPCs was confirmed by using Western blot analysis. The dose responsiveness of DPC induction was examined by staining one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gels with SYPRO Tangerine followed by analysis using fluorescence imaging. Quantitation of the fluorescence signal indicated no significant difference in total yields of IR-induced DPCs generated under aerated or hypoxic conditions, although differences were observed for several individual protein bands.

Genome-wide evidence for divergent selection between populations of a major agricultural pathogen.

PubMed

Hartmann, Fanny E; McDonald, Bruce A; Croll, Daniel

2018-06-01

The genetic and environmental homogeneity in agricultural ecosystems is thought to impose strong and uniform selection pressures. However, the impact of this selection on plant pathogen genomes remains largely unknown. We aimed to identify the proportion of the genome and the specific gene functions under positive selection in populations of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. First, we performed genome scans in four field populations that were sampled from different continents and on distinct wheat cultivars to test which genomic regions are under recent selection. Based on extended haplotype homozygosity and composite likelihood ratio tests, we identified 384 and 81 selective sweeps affecting 4% and 0.5% of the 35 Mb core genome, respectively. We found differences both in the number and the position of selective sweeps across the genome between populations. Using a XtX-based outlier detection approach, we identified 51 extremely divergent genomic regions between the allopatric populations, suggesting that divergent selection led to locally adapted pathogen populations. We performed an outlier detection analysis between two sympatric populations infecting two different wheat cultivars to identify evidence for host-driven selection. Selective sweep regions harboured genes that are likely to play a role in successfully establishing host infections. We also identified secondary metabolite gene clusters and an enrichment in genes encoding transporter and protein localization functions. The latter gene functions mediate responses to environmental stress, including interactions with the host. The distinct gene functions under selection indicate that both local host genotypes and abiotic factors contributed to local adaptation. © 2018 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A confidence building exercise in data and identifiability: Modeling cancer chemotherapy as a case study.

PubMed

Eisenberg, Marisa C; Jain, Harsh V

2017-10-27

Mathematical modeling has a long history in the field of cancer therapeutics, and there is increasing recognition that it can help uncover the mechanisms that underlie tumor response to treatment. However, making quantitative predictions with such models often requires parameter estimation from data, raising questions of parameter identifiability and estimability. Even in the case of structural (theoretical) identifiability, imperfect data and the resulting practical unidentifiability of model parameters can make it difficult to infer the desired information, and in some cases, to yield biologically correct inferences and predictions. Here, we examine parameter identifiability and estimability using a case study of two compartmental, ordinary differential equation models of cancer treatment with drugs that are cell cycle-specific (taxol) as well as non-specific (oxaliplatin). We proceed through model building, structural identifiability analysis, parameter estimation, practical identifiability analysis and its biological implications, as well as alternative data collection protocols and experimental designs that render the model identifiable. We use the differential algebra/input-output relationship approach for structural identifiability, and primarily the profile likelihood approach for practical identifiability. Despite the models being structurally identifiable, we show that without consideration of practical identifiability, incorrect cell cycle distributions can be inferred, that would result in suboptimal therapeutic choices. We illustrate the usefulness of estimating practically identifiable combinations (in addition to the more typically considered structurally identifiable combinations) in generating biologically meaningful insights. We also use simulated data to evaluate how the practical identifiability of the model would change under alternative experimental designs. These results highlight the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms rather than purely using parsimony or information criteria/goodness-of-fit to decide model selection questions. The overall roadmap for identifiability testing laid out here can be used to help provide mechanistic insight into complex biological phenomena, reduce experimental costs, and optimize model-driven experimentation. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Leg ulceration in rheumatoid arthritis--an underreported multicausal complication with considerable morbidity: analysis of thirty-six patients and review of the literature.

PubMed

Seitz, Cornelia S; Berens, Nikolaus; Bröcker, Eva-B; Trautmann, Axel

2010-01-01

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease which may present with extra-articular symptoms, including cutaneous manifestations. Ulcerated rheumatoid nodules, necrotic vasculitic lesions and pyoderma gangrenosum are fairly characteristic and well-recognized causes of skin ulcers in RA. However, most RA patients develop leg ulcers due to other pathophysiological factors posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and leading to considerable morbidity. A retrospective chart analysis of all patients with RA and leg ulcers hospitalized at our Dermatology Department between January 1998 and March 2008 was performed to evaluate risk factors and identify underlying conditions that predispose RA patients to the development of leg ulcers. A total of 36 patients with RA and leg ulcers were identified. Three patients presented with necrotizing vasculitis and 2 with pyoderma gangrenosum. Chronic venous insufficiency was diagnosed as the underlying cause of leg ulcers in 8 patients, peripheral arterial disease in 4 patients, and combined arterial and venous malfunction in 3 patients. Five patients suffered from pressure ulcers. Interestingly, in 11 patients (31%) other underlying causes besides constricted mobility followed by secondary lymphedema could not be identified, and these ulcers were classified as 'inactivity leg ulcers'. The majority of leg ulcers in patients with RA are due to underlying venous/arterial malfunction while vasculitic or traumatic ulcers are less common. Additionally, we identified a relevant subgroup of patients with 'inactivity ulcers' due to impaired mobility and consecutive lymphedema. Morphology and localization of ulcerations as well as duplex sonography provide the most important clues for accurate diagnosis, ensuring adequate treatment. 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

30 CFR 18.94 - Application for field approval; contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... approval or certification has been issued under the provisions of Bureau of Mines Schedules 2D, 2E, 2F, or... under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, photographs or a single layout drawing which clearly... certified under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, a single layout drawing which clearly identifies...

30 CFR 18.94 - Application for field approval; contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... approval or certification has been issued under the provisions of Bureau of Mines Schedules 2D, 2E, 2F, or... under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, photographs or a single layout drawing which clearly... certified under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, a single layout drawing which clearly identifies...

30 CFR 18.94 - Application for field approval; contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... approval or certification has been issued under the provisions of Bureau of Mines Schedules 2D, 2E, 2F, or... under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, photographs or a single layout drawing which clearly... certified under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, a single layout drawing which clearly identifies...

30 CFR 18.94 - Application for field approval; contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... approval or certification has been issued under the provisions of Bureau of Mines Schedules 2D, 2E, 2F, or... under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, photographs or a single layout drawing which clearly... certified under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, a single layout drawing which clearly identifies...

30 CFR 18.94 - Application for field approval; contents of application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... approval or certification has been issued under the provisions of Bureau of Mines Schedules 2D, 2E, 2F, or... under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, photographs or a single layout drawing which clearly... certified under Bureau of Mines Schedule 2D, 2E, 2F, or 2G, a single layout drawing which clearly identifies...

Association mapping reveals the genetic architecture of tomato response to water deficit: focus on major fruit quality traits

PubMed Central

Albert, Elise; Segura, Vincent; Gricourt, Justine; Bonnefoi, Julien; Derivot, Laurent; Causse, Mathilde

2016-01-01

Water scarcity constitutes a crucial constraint for agriculture productivity. High-throughput approaches in model plant species identified hundreds of genes potentially involved in survival under drought, but few having beneficial effects on quality and yield. Nonetheless, controlled water deficit may improve fruit quality through higher concentration of flavor compounds. The underlying genetic determinants are still poorly known. In this study, we phenotyped 141 highly diverse small fruit tomato accessions for 27 traits under two contrasting watering conditions. A subset of 55 accessions exhibited increased metabolite contents and maintained yield under water deficit. Using 6100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), association mapping revealed 31, 41, and 44 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) under drought, control, and both conditions, respectively. Twenty-five additional QTLs were interactive between conditions, emphasizing the interest in accounting for QTLs by watering regime interactions in fruit quality improvement. Combining our results with the loci previously identified in a biparental progeny resulted in 11 common QTLs and contributed to a first detailed characterization of the genetic determinants of response to water deficit in tomato. Major QTLs for fruit quality traits were dissected and candidate genes were proposed using expression and polymorphism data. The outcomes provide a basis for fruit quality improvement under deficit irrigation while limiting yield losses. PMID:27856709

Achieving Cross-Domain Synergy: Overcoming Service Barriers to Joint Force 2020

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-13

culture. It is my hope that this thesis will be of value to the Joint community by contributing to their understanding of inter-service cultural...Identify leadership implications. 8. Identify metrics, measures, and milestones to maintain accountability. 9. Identify a communication strategy...Under- communicating the vision 5. Permitting obstacles to block the vision 6. Failing to create short-term wins 7. Declaring victory too soon 8

Discriminating talent-identified junior Australian football players using a video decision-making task.

PubMed

Woods, Carl T; Raynor, Annette J; Bruce, Lyndell; McDonald, Zane

2016-01-01

This study examined if a video decision-making task could discriminate talent-identified junior Australian football players from their non-talent-identified counterparts. Participants were recruited from the 2013 under 18 (U18) West Australian Football League competition and classified into two groups: talent-identified (State U18 Academy representatives; n = 25; 17.8 ± 0.5 years) and non-talent-identified (non-State U18 Academy selection; n = 25; 17.3 ± 0.6 years). Participants completed a video decision-making task consisting of 26 clips sourced from the Australian Football League game-day footage, recording responses on a sheet provided. A score of "1" was given for correct and "0" for incorrect responses, with the participants total score used as the criterion value. One-way analysis of variance tested the main effect of "status" on the task criterion, whilst a bootstrapped receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the discriminant ability of the task. An area under the curve (AUC) of 1 (100%) represented perfect discrimination. Between-group differences were evident (P < 0.05) and the ROC curve was maximised with a score of 15.5/26 (60%) (AUC = 89.0%), correctly classifying 92% and 76% of the talent-identified and non-talent-identified participants, respectively. Future research should investigate the mechanisms leading to the superior decision-making observed in the talent-identified group.

34 CFR 379.10 - What types of project activities are required of each grantee under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... placement and career advancement opportunities; (b) Provide job development, job placement, and career... job and career availability within the community, consistent with the current and projected local employment opportunities identified by the local workforce investment board for the community under section...

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list, species of concern list, or species of...

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list, species of concern list, or species of...

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list, species of concern list, or species of...

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list, species of concern list, or species of...

The Specific Challenges of Globalization for Teaching and Vice Versa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, David Geoffrey

2000-01-01

Contemporary globalization is a continuation of European colonialism, shaped by the Protestant capitalist ethic and technology. The changing mandates of teaching and education under the influence of globalization are identified. Possibilities for teaching in the age of globalization are explored under three themes: recovery of personal truth,…

Isohydrodynamic behavior in deficit-irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec and its relationship between yield and berry composition

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The relationships between indicators of water status, yield and berry attributes at harvest were evaluated over four seasons in field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec grapevines under sustained levels of water deficit to identify options for optimizing irrigation strategies under arid conditions....

78 FR 67022 - Airworthiness Directives; Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc., Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... Apical Industries, Inc. (Apical) emergency float kit installed under Supplemental Type Certificate (STC... service information identified in this AD, contact Apical Industries, Inc., 2608 Temple Heights Drive..., 206L-4, and 407 helicopters with an Apical emergency float kit installed under STC number SR01535LA...

Factors Underlying Second Language Reading Motivation of Adult EAP Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Komiyama, Reiko

2013-01-01

Characteristics of English for Academic Purposes students' second language (L2) motivation were examined by identifying underlying motivational factors. Using the motivation constructs created by first language reading researchers, a survey was developed and administered to 2,018 students from 53 English language programs in the U.S. Survey…

Genome wide association analysis for seedling response traits to thermal stress in sorghum germplasm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The sorghum association panel exhibited extensive variation for seedling traits under cold and heat stress. Genome-wide analyses identified thirty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly associated with traits measured at seedling stage under cold stress and tagged genes that act a...

76 FR 32133 - FAR Council's Plan for Retrospective Review Under Executive Order 13563-Preliminary Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-03

... (E.O.) 13563, ``Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review.'' The E.O. sets forth principles and... resources and regulatory priorities, under which the agency will periodically review its existing... retrospective analysis. The Council's plan has tentatively identified eight priority initiatives for new or...

75 FR 55583 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection: Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-13

... Project: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Core Medical Services Waiver Application Requirements (OMB No. 0915.../AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009, (Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program), requires that grantees expend 75... individuals with HIV/AIDS identified and eligible under the legislation. In order for grantees under Parts A...

Tracing Bodylines: The Body in Feminist Poststructural Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Somerville, Margaret

2004-01-01

This paper traces body lines in feminist poststructural research by identifying the conditions under which research into the lived body can be brought into discursive relation with contemporary theoretical formulations of the body. It begins by identifying the erasure of the corporeal body in the somatophobia of essentialism and the exclusive…

7 CFR 56.40 - Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with grademarks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with... (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) VOLUNTARY GRADING OF SHELL EGGS Grading of Shell Eggs Prerequisites to Packaging...

76 FR 77855 - Criteria for Identifying Material Licensees for the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Agency...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession Number: ML112280111) or in the... Management Programs, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, telephone (301) 415-6272... ineffective in correcting their underlying issues. Discussion Criteria for Identifying Nuclear Material...

Children's Identification of Stress Related Factors and Coping Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paterno, JoAnna; And Others

Although many educators believe that children are under stress, formally testing children for stress and coping is very difficult. This study compiled and analyzed the significant mean differences of the frequency of identified stressors and coping strategy responses between school groups to identify stressors and coping strategies as perceived by…

Identifying and Ordering Scalar Adjectives Using Lexical Substitution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Bryan

2017-01-01

Lexical semantics provide many important resources in natural language processing, despite the recent preferences for distributional methods. In this dissertation we investigate an under-represented lexical relationship, that of scalarity. We define scalarity as it relates to adjectives and introduce novel methods to identify words belonging to a…

42 CFR 3.212 - Nonidentification of patient safety work product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., characteristic, or code except as permitted for re-identification; and (ii) The provider, PSO or responsible... identify the particular provider or reporter. (3) Re-identification. A provider, PSO, or responsible person... under this section to be re-identified by such provider, PSO, or responsible person, provided that: (i...

Quantitative trait loci analyses and RNA-seq identify genes affecting stress response in rainbow trout

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Genomic analyses have the potential to impact aquaculture production traits by identifying markers as proxies for traits which are expensive or difficult to measure and characterizing genetic variation and biochemical mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation. One such trait is the response of rai...

77 FR 63266 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

...-1073; Directorate Identifier 2012-NM-078-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company... to an address listed under the ADDRESSES section. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2012-1073; Directorate.... FAA-2012-1073; Directorate Identifier 2012-NM-078-AD. (a) Comments Due Date We must receive comments...

The Politics of Theocracy: Public Schools under Attack.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bauer, Norman J.

This paper examines the rhetoric and consequences of extreme religious right-wing groups' attack on American public schools. The first section identifies two competing world perspectives, the modern and postmodern perspectives. The second section identifies the fundamental principle that enables the two competing perspectives to coexist: the First…

14 CFR 26.43 - Holders of and applicants for type certificates-Repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) List of fatigue critical baseline structure. For airplanes...) Identify fatigue critical baseline structure for all airplane model variations and derivatives approved... affects fatigue critical baseline structure identified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (2) Perform...

14 CFR 26.43 - Holders of and applicants for type certificates-Repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) List of fatigue critical baseline structure. For airplanes...) Identify fatigue critical baseline structure for all airplane model variations and derivatives approved... affects fatigue critical baseline structure identified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (2) Perform...

14 CFR 26.43 - Holders of and applicants for type certificates-Repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) List of fatigue critical baseline structure. For airplanes...) Identify fatigue critical baseline structure for all airplane model variations and derivatives approved... affects fatigue critical baseline structure identified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (2) Perform...

14 CFR 26.43 - Holders of and applicants for type certificates-Repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) List of fatigue critical baseline structure. For airplanes...) Identify fatigue critical baseline structure for all airplane model variations and derivatives approved... affects fatigue critical baseline structure identified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (2) Perform...

14 CFR 26.43 - Holders of and applicants for type certificates-Repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (b) List of fatigue critical baseline structure. For airplanes...) Identify fatigue critical baseline structure for all airplane model variations and derivatives approved... affects fatigue critical baseline structure identified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (2) Perform...

Introgression of Globodera resistance into the russet market class

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two species of potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida,) have been identified in the U.S. and are under quarantine regulations, with a third newly identified species (G. ellingtonae) not categorized as a quarantined pest. Management of G. rostochiensis in the state of New York ...

24 CFR 5.306 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... identified by HUD through notice; or (C) For which preference in tenant selection is given for all units in... programs identified by HUD through notice. (ii) This term does not include health and care facilities that have mortgage insurance under the National Housing Act. This term also does not include any of the...

24 CFR 5.306 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... identified by HUD through notice; or (C) For which preference in tenant selection is given for all units in... programs identified by HUD through notice. (ii) This term does not include health and care facilities that have mortgage insurance under the National Housing Act. This term also does not include any of the...

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Reading, Spelling, and Math Errors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Brien, Rebecca; Pan, Xingyu; Courville, Troy; Bray, Melissa A.; Breaux, Kristina; Avitia, Maria; Choi, Dowon

2017-01-01

Norm-referenced error analysis is useful for understanding individual differences in students' academic skill development and for identifying areas of skill strength and weakness. The purpose of the present study was to identify underlying connections between error categories across five language and math subtests of the Kaufman Test of…

7 CFR 56.40 - Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with grademarks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with... (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) VOLUNTARY GRADING OF SHELL EGGS Grading of Shell Eggs Prerequisites to Packaging...

Analysis of soybean root proteins affected by gibberellic acid treatment under flooding stress.

PubMed

Oh, Myeong Won; Nanjo, Yohei; Komatsu, Setsuko

2014-01-01

Flooding is a serious abiotic stress for soybean because it restricts growth and reduces grain yields. To investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA) on soybean under flooding stress, root proteins were analyzed using a gel-free proteomic technique. Proteins were extracted from the roots of 4-days-old soybean seedlings exposed to flooding stress in the presence and absence of exogenous GA3 for 2 days. A total of 307, 324, and 250 proteins were identified from untreated, and flooding-treated soybean seedlings without or with GA3, respectively. Secondary metabolism- and cell-related proteins, and proteins involved in protein degradation/synthesis were decreased by flooding stress; however, the levels of these proteins were restored by GA3 supplementation under flooding. Fermentation- and cell wall-related proteins were not affected by GA3 supplementation. Furthermore, putative GA-responsive proteins, which were identified by the presence of a GA-responsive element in the promoter region, were less abundant by flooding stress; however, these proteins were more abundant by GA3 supplementation under flooding. Taken together, these results suggest that GA3 affects the abundance of proteins involved in secondary metabolism, cell cycle, and protein degradation/synthesis in soybeans under flooding stress.

Unbiased Metabolite Profiling of Schizophrenia Fibroblasts under Stressful Perturbations Reveals Dysregulation of Plasmalogens and Phosphatidylcholines.

PubMed

Huang, Joanne H; Park, Hyoungjun; Iaconelli, Jonathan; Berkovitch, Shaunna S; Watmuff, Bradley; McPhie, Donna; Öngür, Dost; Cohen, Bruce M; Clish, Clary B; Karmacharya, Rakesh

2017-02-03

We undertook an unbiased metabolite profiling of fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls to identify metabolites and pathways that are dysregulated in disease, seeking to gain new insights into the disease biology of schizophrenia and to discover potential disease-related biomarkers. We measured polar and nonpolar metabolites in the fibroblasts under normal conditions and under two stressful physiological perturbations: growth in low-glucose media and exposure to the steroid hormone dexamethasone. We found that metabolites that were significantly different between schizophrenia and control subjects showed separation of the two groups by partial least-squares discriminant analysis methods. This separation between schizophrenia and healthy controls was more robust with metabolites identified under the perturbation conditions. The most significant individual metabolite differences were also found in the perturbation experiments. Metabolites that were significantly different between schizophrenia and healthy controls included a number of plasmalogens and phosphatidylcholines. We present these results in the context of previous reports of metabolic profiling of brain tissue and plasma in schizophrenia. These results show the applicability of metabolite profiling under stressful perturbations to reveal cellular pathways that may be involved in disease biology.

Why children are not vaccinated: a review of the grey literature.

PubMed

Favin, Michael; Steinglass, Robert; Fields, Rebecca; Banerjee, Kaushik; Sawhney, Monika

2012-12-01

In collaboration with WHO, IMMUNIZATION basics analyzed 126 documents from the global grey literature to identify reasons why eligible children had incomplete or no vaccinations. The main reasons for under-vaccination were related to immunization services and to parental knowledge and attitudes. The most frequently cited factors were: access to services, health staff attitudes and practices, reliability of services, false contraindications, parents' practical knowledge of vaccination, fear of side effects, conflicting priorities and parental beliefs. Some family demographic characteristics were strong, but underlying, risk factors for under-vaccination. Studies must be well designed to capture a complete picture of the simultaneous causes of under-vaccination and to avoid biased results. Although the grey literature contains studies of varying quality, it includes many well-designed studies. Every immunization program should strive to provide quality services that are accessible, convenient, reliable, friendly, affordable and acceptable, and should solicit feedback from families and community leaders. Every program should monitor missed and under-vaccinated children and assess and address the causes. Although global reviews, such as this one, can play a useful role in identifying key questions for local study, local enquiry and follow-up remain essential.

Efficacy of Indocyanine Green Angiography on Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocelectomy.

PubMed

Shibata, Yasuhiro; Kurihara, Sota; Arai, Seiji; Kato, Haruo; Suzuki, Tomomi; Miyazawa, Yoshiyuki; Koike, Hidekazu; Ito, Kazuto; Nakamura, Tetsuya; Suzuki, Kazuhiro

2017-08-01

Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy is one of the best treatment modalities for varicoceles related to male infertility and scrotal pain. However, the difficulty in identifying testicular arteries, which should be spared, is a limitation of this technique. To visualize and identify the testicular arteries in spermatic cord during the operation, we examined the efficacy of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), which is regularly used in microsurgical neurosurgery. After the exposure of the spermatic cord blood vessels, ICG was injected intravenously under a surgical microscope for observing infrared fluorescence in patients to identify and isolate the testicular artery. The testicular artery was clearly identified by ICGA and was able to separate under ICGA view. Thereafter, the varicose veins were repeatedly ligated, while preserving a few lymphatic vessels and the spermatic duct. The preserved arteries were confirmed by repeated ICGA at the end of microsurgical operation. The number of arteries identified by ICGA was greater than the number detected by preoperative computed tomography angiogram. Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy using intraoperative ICGA facilitated safe and quick surgery by enabling the visualization of the spermatic cord blood vessels. This is the first report to indicate the usefulness of vessel visualization by ICGA during microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy.

Child maltreatment and trajectories of personality and behavioral functioning: Implications for the development of personality disorder

PubMed Central

Kim, Jungmeen; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Manly, Jody Todd

2009-01-01

This study investigated the longitudinal impact of maltreatment parameters on personality processes and maladjustment and prospective relationships between personality trajectory classes and subsequent maladjustment outcomes. The sample involved maltreated (n = 249) and nonmaltreated (n = 200) children followed longitudinally between ages 6 – 10. Growth mixture modeling indicated multifinality in personality development depending on the risk status (i.e., maltreated vs. nonmaltreated). Two trajectory classes of ego resiliency were identified for maltreated children; those who showed a declining trajectory exhibited greater maladjustment. In contrast, three trajectory classes of ego control were identified for nonmaltreated children; the subgroups showing increases in ego under-control or dramatic changes from high ego under-control to high ego over-control exhibited poor adjustment. Experiencing multiple maltreatment subtypes and physical/sexual abuse were related to higher levels of ego under-control and externalizing symptomatology, whereas early onset of maltreatment was associated with the low and decreasing trajectory of ego resiliency and higher levels of internalizing symptomatology. The findings suggest that ego resiliency and ego control – personality processes related to self-regulation – may be important factors in identifying distinct pathways to later personality disorders as well as pathways to resilient functioning. PMID:19583889

Proteome Analysis for Understanding Abiotic Stress (Salinity and Drought) Tolerance in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).

PubMed

El Rabey, Haddad A; Al-Malki, Abdulrahman L; Abulnaja, Khalid O; Rohde, Wolfgang

2015-01-01

This study was carried out to study the proteome of date palm under salinity and drought stress conditions to possibly identify proteins involved in stress tolerance. For this purpose, three-month-old seedlings of date palm cultivar "Sagie" were subjected to drought (27.5 g/L polyethylene glycol 6000) and salinity stress conditions (16 g/L NaCl) for one month. DIGE analysis of protein extracts identified 47 differentially expressed proteins in leaves of salt- and drought-treated palm seedlings. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 12 proteins; three out of them were significantly changed under both salt and drought stress, while the other nine were significantly changed only in salt-stressed plants. The levels of ATP synthase alpha and beta subunits, an unknown protein and some of RubisCO fragments were significantly changed under both salt and drought stress conditions. Changes in abundance of superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll A-B binding protein, light-harvesting complex1 protein Lhca1, RubisCO activase, phosphoglycerate kinase, chloroplast light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, phosphoribulokinase, transketolase, RubisCO, and some of RubisCO fragments were significant only for salt stress.

Terahertz NDE for Under Paint Corrosion Detection and Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anastasi, Robert F.; Madaras, Eric I.

2005-01-01

Corrosion under paint is not visible until it has caused paint to blister, crack, or chip. If corrosion is allowed to continue then structural problems may develop. Identifying corrosion before it becomes visible would minimize repairs and costs and potential structural problems. Terahertz NDE imaging under paint for corrosion is being examined as a method to inspect for corrosion by examining the terahertz response to paint thickness and to surface roughness.

M1 transitions between low-lying states in the sdg-IBM-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casperson, Robert; Werner, Volker

2006-10-01

The interplay between collective and single-particle degrees of freedom for nuclei in the A=90 region have recently been under investigation. In Molybdenum and Ruthenium nuclei, collective symmetric and mixed-symmetric structures have been identified, while in Zirconium, underlying shell-structure plays an enhanced role. Collective symmetric structures appear when protons and neutrons are in phase, whereas mixed-symmetric structures occur when they are not. The one-phonon 2^+ mixed-symmetric state was identified from strong M1 transitions to the 2^+1 state. Similar transitions were observed between higher-spin states, and are predicted by the shell model. These phenomena will be investigated within the sdg Interacting Boson Model 2 in order to obtain a better understanding about the structure of the states involved, and results from first model calculations will be presented. Work supported by US DOE under grant number DE-FG02-91ER-40609.

A duality theorem-based algorithm for inexact quadratic programming problems: Application to waste management under uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kong, X. M.; Huang, G. H.; Fan, Y. R.; Li, Y. P.

2016-04-01

In this study, a duality theorem-based algorithm (DTA) for inexact quadratic programming (IQP) is developed for municipal solid waste (MSW) management under uncertainty. It improves upon the existing numerical solution method for IQP problems. The comparison between DTA and derivative algorithm (DAM) shows that the DTA method provides better solutions than DAM with lower computational complexity. It is not necessary to identify the uncertain relationship between the objective function and decision variables, which is required for the solution process of DAM. The developed method is applied to a case study of MSW management and planning. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated for supporting long-term MSW management and planning. They could provide more information as well as enable managers to make better decisions to identify desired MSW management policies in association with minimized cost under uncertainty.

Methanol partial oxidation on Ag(111) from first principles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aljama, Hassan; Yoo, Jong Suk; Nørskov, Jens K.

In this work, we examine the thermochemistry and kinetics of the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde on silver surfaces. Periodic density functional theory calculations employing the BEEF-vdW functional are used to identify the most stable phases of the silver surface under relevant reaction conditions and the reaction energetics are obtained on these surfaces. The calculated binding energies and transition state energies are used as input in a mean-field microkinetic model providing the reaction kinetics on silver surfaces under different reaction conditions. Our results show that, under conditions pertaining to methanol partial oxidation, oxygen is present at low concentrations andmore » it plays a critical role in the catalytic reaction. Surface oxygen promotes the reaction by activating the OH bond in methanol, thus forming a methoxy intermediate, which can react further to form formaldehyde. Finally, the dissociation of molecular oxygen is identified as the most critical step.« less

Methanol partial oxidation on Ag(111) from first principles

DOE PAGES

Aljama, Hassan; Yoo, Jong Suk; Nørskov, Jens K.; ...

2016-10-26

In this work, we examine the thermochemistry and kinetics of the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde on silver surfaces. Periodic density functional theory calculations employing the BEEF-vdW functional are used to identify the most stable phases of the silver surface under relevant reaction conditions and the reaction energetics are obtained on these surfaces. The calculated binding energies and transition state energies are used as input in a mean-field microkinetic model providing the reaction kinetics on silver surfaces under different reaction conditions. Our results show that, under conditions pertaining to methanol partial oxidation, oxygen is present at low concentrations andmore » it plays a critical role in the catalytic reaction. Surface oxygen promotes the reaction by activating the OH bond in methanol, thus forming a methoxy intermediate, which can react further to form formaldehyde. Finally, the dissociation of molecular oxygen is identified as the most critical step.« less

[beta]-Glucan Synthesis in the Cotton Fiber (III. Identification of UDP-Glucose-Binding Subunits of [beta]-Glucan Synthases by Photoaffinity Labeling with [[beta]-32P]5[prime]-N3-UDP-Glucose.

PubMed Central

Li, L.; Drake, R. R.; Clement, S.; Brown, R. M.

1993-01-01

Using differential product entrapment and photolabeling under specifying conditions, we identifIed a 37-kD polypeptide as the best candidate among the UDP-glucose-binding polypeptides for the catalytic subunit of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cellulose synthase. This polypeptide is enriched by entrapment under conditions favoring [beta]-1,4-glucan synthesis, and it is magnesium dependent and sensitive to unlabeled UDP-glucose. A 52-kD polypeptide was identified as the most likely candidate for the catalytic subunit of [beta]-1,3-glucan synthase because this polypeptide is the most abundant protein in the entrapment fraction obtained under conditions favoring [beta]-1,3-glucan synthesis, is coincident with [beta]-1,3-glucan synthase activity, and is calcium dependent. The possible involvement of other polypeptides in the synthesis of [beta]-1,3-glucan is discussed. PMID:12231766

RNA-Seq Transcriptome Profiling of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Root Tissue under Water-Deficit Stress

PubMed Central

Bowman, Megan J.; Park, Wonkeun; Bauer, Philip J.; Udall, Joshua A.; Page, Justin T.; Raney, Joshua; Scheffler, Brian E.; Jones, Don. C.; Campbell, B. Todd

2013-01-01

An RNA-Seq experiment was performed using field grown well-watered and naturally rain fed cotton plants to identify differentially expressed transcripts under water-deficit stress. Our work constitutes the first application of the newly published diploid D5 Gossypium raimondii sequence in the study of tetraploid AD1 upland cotton RNA-seq transcriptome analysis. A total of 1,530 transcripts were differentially expressed between well-watered and water-deficit stressed root tissues, in patterns that confirm the accuracy of this technique for future studies in cotton genomics. Additionally, putative sequence based genome localization of differentially expressed transcripts detected A2 genome specific gene expression under water-deficit stress. These data will facilitate efforts to understand the complex responses governing transcriptomic regulatory mechanisms and to identify candidate genes that may benefit applied plant breeding programs. PMID:24324815

Escherichia coli yjjPB genes encode a succinate transporter important for succinate production.

PubMed

Fukui, Keita; Nanatani, Kei; Hara, Yoshihiko; Yamakami, Suguru; Yahagi, Daiki; Chinen, Akito; Tokura, Mitsunori; Abe, Keietsu

2017-09-01

Under anaerobic conditions, Escherichia coli produces succinate from glucose via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. To date, however, no genes encoding succinate exporters have been established in E. coli. Therefore, we attempted to identify genes encoding succinate exporters by screening an E. coli MG1655 genome library. We identified the yjjPB genes as candidates encoding a succinate transporter, which enhanced succinate production in Pantoea ananatis under aerobic conditions. A complementation assay conducted in Corynebacterium glutamicum strain AJ110655ΔsucE1 demonstrated that both YjjP and YjjB are required for the restoration of succinate production. Furthermore, deletion of yjjPB decreased succinate production in E. coli by 70% under anaerobic conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that YjjPB constitutes a succinate transporter in E. coli and that the products of both genes are required for succinate export.

[Hepatox: database on hepatotoxic drugs].

PubMed

Quinton, A; Latry, P; Biour, M

1993-01-01

Hepatox is a data base on the hepatotoxic drugs file published every year in Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique. The program was developed under Omnis 7 for Apple computers, and under Visual Basic Professional Toolkit and Code Base for IBM PC and compatibles computers. The data base includes forms of 866 drugs identified by their approved name and those of their 1,300 corresponding proprietary names in France; drugs are distributed among 104 pharmacological classes. It is possible to have instantaneously access to the card of a drug identified by its approved name. Acceding to a drug identified by its proprietary name gives a list of the approved name of its components; going from a name of this list to the correspondent card of hepatoxicity is immediate. It is easy to extract lists of drugs responsible of a type of hepatic injury, and a table of types of hepatic injuries induced by the drugs of a pharmacological class.

Deconvolution of subcellular protrusion heterogeneity and the underlying actin regulator dynamics from live cell imaging.

PubMed

Wang, Chuangqi; Choi, Hee June; Kim, Sung-Jin; Desai, Aesha; Lee, Namgyu; Kim, Dohoon; Bae, Yongho; Lee, Kwonmoo

2018-04-27

Cell protrusion is morphodynamically heterogeneous at the subcellular level. However, the mechanism of cell protrusion has been understood based on the ensemble average of actin regulator dynamics. Here, we establish a computational framework called HACKS (deconvolution of heterogeneous activity in coordination of cytoskeleton at the subcellular level) to deconvolve the subcellular heterogeneity of lamellipodial protrusion from live cell imaging. HACKS identifies distinct subcellular protrusion phenotypes based on machine-learning algorithms and reveals their underlying actin regulator dynamics at the leading edge. Using our method, we discover "accelerating protrusion", which is driven by the temporally ordered coordination of Arp2/3 and VASP activities. We validate our finding by pharmacological perturbations and further identify the fine regulation of Arp2/3 and VASP recruitment associated with accelerating protrusion. Our study suggests HACKS can identify specific subcellular protrusion phenotypes susceptible to pharmacological perturbation and reveal how actin regulator dynamics are changed by the perturbation.

Is Utilitarianism Risky? How the Same Antecedents and Mechanism Produce Both Utilitarian and Risky Choices.

PubMed

Lucas, Brian J; Galinsky, Adam D

2015-07-01

Philosophers and psychologists have long been interested in identifying factors that influence moral judgment. In the current analysis, we compare the literatures on moral psychology and decision making under uncertainty to propose that utilitarian choices are driven by the same forces that lead to risky choices. Spanning from neurocognitive to hormonal to interpersonal levels of analysis, we identify six antecedents that increase both utilitarian and risky choices (ventromedial prefrontal cortex brain lesions, psychopathology, testosterone, incidental positive affect, power, and social connection) and one antecedent that reduces these choices (serotonin activity). We identify the regulation of negative affect as a common mechanism through which the effects of each antecedent on utilitarian and risky choices are explained. By demonstrating that the same forces and the same underlying mechanism that produce risky choices also promote utilitarian choices, we offer a deeper understanding of how basic psychological systems underlie moral judgment. © The Author(s) 2015.

Deciphering molecular circuits from genetic variation underlying transcriptional responsiveness to stimuli

PubMed Central

Gat-Viks, Irit; Chevrier, Nicolas; Wilentzik, Roni; Eisenhaure, Thomas; Raychowdhury, Raktima; Steuerman, Yael; Shalek, Alex; Hacohen, Nir; Amit, Ido; Regev, Aviv

2013-01-01

Individual genetic variation affects gene expression in response to stimuli, often by influencing complex molecular circuits. Here we combine genomic and intermediate-scale transcriptional profiling with computational methods to identify variants that affect the responsiveness of genes to stimuli (responsiveness QTLs; reQTLs) and to position these variants in molecular circuit diagrams. We apply this approach to study variation in transcriptional responsiveness to pathogen components in dendritic cells from recombinant inbred mouse strains. We identify reQTLs that correlate with particular stimuli and position them in known pathways. For example, in response to a virus-like stimulus, a trans-acting variant acts as an activator of the antiviral response; using RNAi, we identify Rgs16 as the likely causal gene. Our approach charts an experimental and analytic path to decipher the mechanisms underlying genetic variation in circuits that control responses to stimuli. PMID:23503680

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Jamaican children.

PubMed

McGregor, D; Barton, M; Thomas, S; Christie, C D

2004-03-01

A 5-year retrospective review of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease admitted to the Bustamante Hospital for Children, Jamaica was conducted. A total of 111 cases were identified. The estimated incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Kingston and St Andrew was 21/100,000 children under the age of 10 years. The majority of cases (76%) were in the under-2-years age group. All four deaths were of infants. Pre-existing medical conditions included sickle cell disease, HIV and undernutrition. The rate of resistance to penicillin was 13.8%. Meningitis accounted for three of the four deaths identified and poor outcome was identified in 28% of cases of meningitis. We conclude that invasive pneumococcal disease causes significant morbidity and mortality in young Jamaican children. Strategies directed at preventing HIV infection and malnutrition and improving the care of children with sickle cell disease and HIV infection would significantly reduce disease incidence.

Deciphering molecular circuits from genetic variation underlying transcriptional responsiveness to stimuli.

PubMed

Gat-Viks, Irit; Chevrier, Nicolas; Wilentzik, Roni; Eisenhaure, Thomas; Raychowdhury, Raktima; Steuerman, Yael; Shalek, Alex K; Hacohen, Nir; Amit, Ido; Regev, Aviv

2013-04-01

Individual genetic variation affects gene responsiveness to stimuli, often by influencing complex molecular circuits. Here we combine genomic and intermediate-scale transcriptional profiling with computational methods to identify variants that affect the responsiveness of genes to stimuli (responsiveness quantitative trait loci or reQTLs) and to position these variants in molecular circuit diagrams. We apply this approach to study variation in transcriptional responsiveness to pathogen components in dendritic cells from recombinant inbred mouse strains. We identify reQTLs that correlate with particular stimuli and position them in known pathways. For example, in response to a virus-like stimulus, a trans-acting variant responds as an activator of the antiviral response; using RNA interference, we identify Rgs16 as the likely causal gene. Our approach charts an experimental and analytic path to decipher the mechanisms underlying genetic variation in circuits that control responses to stimuli.

Visual perception system and method for a humanoid robot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chelian, Suhas E. (Inventor); Linn, Douglas Martin (Inventor); Wampler, II, Charles W. (Inventor); Bridgwater, Lyndon (Inventor); Wells, James W. (Inventor); Mc Kay, Neil David (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A robotic system includes a humanoid robot with robotic joints each moveable using an actuator(s), and a distributed controller for controlling the movement of each of the robotic joints. The controller includes a visual perception module (VPM) for visually identifying and tracking an object in the field of view of the robot under threshold lighting conditions. The VPM includes optical devices for collecting an image of the object, a positional extraction device, and a host machine having an algorithm for processing the image and positional information. The algorithm visually identifies and tracks the object, and automatically adapts an exposure time of the optical devices to prevent feature data loss of the image under the threshold lighting conditions. A method of identifying and tracking the object includes collecting the image, extracting positional information of the object, and automatically adapting the exposure time to thereby prevent feature data loss of the image.

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... sale or free use if that product is: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list...

A National Effort to Integrate Math and Science with CTE

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hyslop, Alisha

2008-01-01

National activities focus on priority areas and are often designed to develop, improve and identify the most successful methods and techniques for providing career and technical education (CTE) programs under Perkins. One of these priority areas under the 2006 Perkins Act is the integration of academic and technical education. Since the early…

Treatment for Sleep Problems in Children with Autism and Caregiver Spillover Effects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tilford, J. Mick; Payakachat, Nalin; Kuhlthau, Karen A.; Pyne, Jeffrey M.; Kovacs, Erica; Bellando, Jayne; Williams, D. Keith; Brouwer, Werner B. F.; Frye, Richard E.

2015-01-01

Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are under-recognized and under-treated. Identifying treatment value accounting for health effects on family members (spillovers) could improve the perceived cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve child sleep habits. A prospective cohort study (N = 224) was conducted with…

42 CFR 412.140 - Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital Inpatient Quality...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Participation, data submission, and validation... Payment Systems § 412.140 Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital....org, before it begins to report data; (2) Identify and register a QualityNet Administrator as part of...

42 CFR 412.140 - Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital Inpatient Quality...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Participation, data submission, and validation... Payment Systems § 412.140 Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital....org, before it begins to report data; (2) Identify and register a QualityNet Administrator as part of...

42 CFR 412.140 - Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital Inpatient Quality...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Participation, data submission, and validation... Payment Systems § 412.140 Participation, data submission, and validation requirements under the Hospital....org, before it begins to report data; (2) Identify and register a QualityNet Administrator as part of...

17 CFR 200.30-15 - Delegation of authority to Executive Director.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the National Performance Review and the strategic and quality management approaches described by... General Organization § 200.30-15 Delegation of authority to Executive Director. Under Pub. L. 100-181, 101... or under his or her direction by persons designated by the Chairman of the Commission: To identify...

30 CFR 285.615 - What other reports or notices must I submit to MMS under my approved SAP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MMS under my approved SAP? 285.615 Section 285.615 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING... identified measures that were not effective, you must include your recommendations for new mitigation...

30 CFR 285.653 - What other reports or notices must I submit to MMS under my approved GAP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MMS under my approved GAP? 285.653 Section 285.653 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING... identified measures that were not effective, you must include your recommendations for new mitigation...

Investigating Underlying Components of the ICT Indicators Measurement Scale: The Extended Version

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akbulut, Yavuz

2009-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the underlying components constituting the extended version of the ICT Indicators Measurement Scale (ICTIMS), which was developed in 2007, and extended in the current study through the addition of 34 items. New items addressing successful ICT integration at education faculties were identified through the examination…

77 FR 73511 - Clarification of Wildlife Hazard Management Requirements for Non-Certificated Federally Obligated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... transfer of land under the Surplus Property Act for airport purposes (``Subject Airports''), to conduct... accept a transfer of land under the Surplus Property Act for airport purposes to identify and mitigate... piston-powered aircraft, and smaller jet aircraft, than certificated airports. This notice does not apply...

25 CFR 224.135 - Under what circumstances may the Director conduct additional reviews and evaluations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... harm to a physical trust asset, previously identified in a periodic review and evaluation, exists; or... additional reviews and evaluations? 224.135 Section 224.135 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF... DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Periodic Reviews § 224.135 Under what circumstances may the Director...

Identification of Genetic Loci Underlying the Phenotypic Constructs of Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Xiao-Qing; Georgiades, Stelios; Duku, Eric; Thompson, Ann; Devlin, Bernie; Cook, Edwin H.; Wijsman, Ellen M.; Paterson, Andrew D.; Szatmari, Peter

2011-01-01

Objective: To investigate the underlying phenotypic constructs in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to identify genetic loci that are linked to these empirically derived factors. Method: Exploratory factor analysis was applied to two datasets with 28 selected Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) algorithm items. The first dataset was from…

76 FR 40074 - Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... barges found abandoned and help prevent future marine pollution. This rulemaking supports the Coast Guard... Sequence No. Title Identifier No. 214 Claims Procedures Under 1625-AA03 the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (USCG... (USCG) Prerule Stage 214. Claims Procedures Under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (USCG-2004- 17697) Legal...

The School Improvement Grant Rollout in America's Great City Schools: School Improvement Grants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lachlan-Hache, Jonathon; Naik, Manish; Casserly, Michael

2012-01-01

The School Improvement Grant (SIG) program, initially enacted as part of the "No Child Left Behind" amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, underwent a substantial transformation under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Under the new program, states identified 2,172 persistently low-achieving schools…

Handwriting Performance and Underlying Factors in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shen, I-Hsuan; Lee, Tsai-Yun; Chen, Chia-Ling

2012-01-01

Preliminary evidence suggests that handwriting difficulties are common to children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the nature of the task-specific impairments is needed to be clarified. The aim of this study was to describe handwriting capacity in ADHD children without DCD and identify underlying factors of…

Special Education for Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: Current Issues. CRS Report for Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aleman, Steven R.

This paper examines issues concerning the eligibility of children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) for special education and related services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). A policy memorandum was issued by the Department of Education in September 1991, identifying those circumstances under which such children…

"…Their Opinions Mean Something": Care Staff's Attitudes to Health Research Involving People with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Natalie; Durand, Marie-Anne; Mengoni, Silvana E.

2017-01-01

Background: Despite experiencing health inequalities, people with intellectual disabilities are under-represented in health research. Previous research has identified barriers but has typically focused on under-recruitment to specific studies. This study aimed to explore care staff's attitudes to health research involving people with intellectual…

Validation of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neale, Anne Victoria; And Others

Elder abuse is recognized as an under-detected and under-reported social problem. Difficulties in detecting elder abuse are compounded by the lack of a standardized, psychometrically valid instrument for case finding. The development of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) followed a larger effort to identify indicators and…

Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change

Treesearch

Luke P. Shoo; Deanna H. Olson; Sarah K. McMenamin; Kris A. Murray; Monique VanSluys; Maureen A. Donnelly; Danial Stratford; Juhani Terhivuo; Andres Merino-Viteri; Sarah M. Herbert; Phillip J. Bishop; Paul Stephen Corn; Liz Dovey; Richard A. Griffiths; Katrin Lowe; Michael Mahony; Hamish McCallum; Jonathan D. Shuker; Clay Simpkins; Lee F. Skerratt; Stephen E. Williams; Jean-Marc Hero

2011-01-01

Altered global climates in the 21st century pose serious threats for biological systems and practical actions are needed to mount a response for species at risk. We identify management actions from across the world and from diverse disciplines that are applicable to minimizing loss of amphibian biodiversity under climate change. Actions were...

Intervening in Infancy: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, Katherine S.; Rogers, Sally J.

2010-01-01

There is a scarcity of empirically validated treatments for infants and toddlers under age 3 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as a scarcity of empirical investigation into successful intervention characteristics for this population. Yet early screening efforts are focused on identifying autism risk in children under age 3 years.…

Constructing New Theory for Identifying Students with Emotional Disturbance: A Grounded Theory Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, Dori A.

2010-01-01

The problem area explored by this study is the identification of students with emotional and behavioral difficulties for special education supports and services under the criteria for emotional disturbance (ED). A review of the literature indicated that the problem of identifying students with ED was compounded by subjectivity and ambiguity…

Criteria for Private Placement Reimbursement: Jefferson County School District R-1 v. Elizabeth E.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katsiyannis, Antonis; Losinski, Mickey; Ennis, Robin; Lane, Jessica

2014-01-01

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), children with identified disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). As it relates to FAPE, IDEA requires that each identified student receive special education and related services specifically designed to confer educational benefit that individual.…

Identifying critical issues in recreation planning and management: improving the management-research partnership

Treesearch

John H. Schomaker; David W. Lime

1988-01-01

The "nominal group" process is a proven technique to systematically arrive at a consensus about critical information needs in recreation planning and management. Using this process, 41 managers who attended a 1983 conference on river management identified 114 specific information needs grouped under 11 general questions. Clearly, some concerns of...

76 FR 66200 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

...-1094; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-070-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company.... Send your comments to an address listed under the ADDRESSES section. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2011-1094...: Docket No. FAA-2011-1094; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-070-AD. Comments Due Date (a) We must receive...

78 FR 19075 - Identification of One Individual, Fourteen Entities, and Eight Vessels Pursuant to the Iranian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-28

... and fourteen entities identified as the Government of Iran, and eight vessels identified as the property of the Government of Iran under the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR part... President issued Executive Order 13599, ``Blocking Property of the Government of Iran and Iranian Financial...

32 CFR Appendix A to Part 504 - Request For Basic Identifying Account Data-Sample Format

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., you are requested to provide the following account information: (name, address, account number, and... complied with as to this request for account information. (Official Signature Block) ___ Under section 3417... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Request For Basic Identifying Account Data-Sample...

76 FR 21408 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

... made for adversely affected workers in firms identified by the International Trade Commission and a... identified by name by the International Trade Commission as a member of a domestic industry in an... report submitted to the President by the International Trade Commission under section 202(f)(1) with...

75 FR 5040 - Extension of Period for Comments on Enhancement in the Quality of Patents

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... patents, to identify appropriate indicia of quality, and to establish metrics for the measurement of the... issued patents, to identify appropriate indicia of quality, and to establish metrics for the measurement.... Kappos, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent...

Brief Report: "SETD2" Mutation in a Child with Autism, Intellectual Disabilities and Epilepsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lumish, Heidi S.; Wynn, Julia; Devinsky, Orrin; Chung, Wendy K.

2015-01-01

Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been utilized with increasing frequency to identify mutations underlying rare diseases. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are genetically heterogeneous, and novel genes for these disorders are rapidly being identified, making these disorders ideal candidates for WES. Here we report a…

IDENTIFYING AND PREDICTING DIVING PLUME BEHAVIOR AT GROUNDWATER SITES CONTAINING MTBE: PART 1 SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING FOR ACTIVITIES IN FY 2002

EPA Science Inventory

This work will complete work began under Identifying and Predicting Plume Diving Behavior at Groundwater Sites Containing MTBE: Part 1. As of September 2001, ORD Staff and ORD Contractors have characterized dividing MTBE plumes at Spring Green, Wisconsin; Milford, Michigan; and ...

Toward A Theory of HRD Learning Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Greg G.; Wang, Jia

2005-01-01

This article fills a gap by identifying an under-studied area for learning participation (LP) in HRD theory building. A literature review is presented to identify gaps in adult education and HRD literature. An HRD LP framework is then proposed, from cross-sectional/time-series perspectives, to describe the pattern, factors, structure, and the…

15 CFR 738.2 - Commerce Control List (CCL) structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... identified, you should match the particular characteristics and functions of your item to a specific ECCN. If the ECCN contains a list under the Items heading, you should review the list to determine within which..., individual items are identified by an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN). Each number consists of a...

15 CFR 738.2 - Commerce Control List (CCL) structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... identified, you should match the particular characteristics and functions of your item to a specific ECCN. If the ECCN contains a list under the Items heading, you should review the list to determine within which..., individual items are identified by an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN). Each number consists of a...

Under What Assumptions Do Site-by-Treatment Instruments Identify Average Causal Effects?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reardon, Sean F.; Raudenbush, Stephen W.

2013-01-01

The increasing availability of data from multi-site randomized trials provides a potential opportunity to use instrumental variables methods to study the effects of multiple hypothesized mediators of the effect of a treatment. We derive nine assumptions needed to identify the effects of multiple mediators when using site-by-treatment interactions…

37 CFR 42.204 - Content of petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from requesting a post-grant review challenging the patent claims on the grounds identified in the... claim challenged. The statement must identify the following: (1) The claim; (2) The specific statutory grounds permitted under 35 U.S.C. 282(b)(2) or (3) on which the challenge to the claim is based; (3) How...

37 CFR 42.204 - Content of petition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from requesting a post-grant review challenging the patent claims on the grounds identified in the... claim challenged. The statement must identify the following: (1) The claim; (2) The specific statutory grounds permitted under 35 U.S.C. 282(b)(2) or (3) on which the challenge to the claim is based; (3) How...

7 CFR 170.6 - How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the USDA Farmers Market? 170.6 Section 170.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS MARKETING PRACTICES UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 USDA FARMERS MARKET § 170.6 How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market...

7 CFR 170.6 - How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the USDA Farmers Market? 170.6 Section 170.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS MARKETING PRACTICES UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 USDA FARMERS MARKET § 170.6 How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market...

7 CFR 170.6 - How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the USDA Farmers Market? 170.6 Section 170.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS MARKETING PRACTICES UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 USDA FARMERS MARKET § 170.6 How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market...

7 CFR 170.6 - How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the USDA Farmers Market? 170.6 Section 170.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS MARKETING PRACTICES UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 USDA FARMERS MARKET § 170.6 How are potential market participants identified for the USDA Farmers Market...

Identifying Pedophiles "Eligible" for Community Notification under Megan's Law: A Multivariate Model for Actuarially Anchored Decisions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pallone, Nathaniel J.; Hennessy, James J.; Voelbel, Gerald T.

1998-01-01

A scientifically sound methodology for identifying offenders about whose presence the community should be notified is demonstrated. A stepwise multiple regression was calculated among incarcerated pedophiles (N=52) including both psychological and legal data; a precision-weighted equation produced 90.4% "true positives." This methodology can be…

34 CFR 222.39 - How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local educational agencies for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., low-income families, children with disabilities, neglected or delinquent children, low-achieving..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Payments for Federally Connected Children Under Section 8003(b) and (e) of the Act § 222.39 How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local...

34 CFR 222.39 - How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local educational agencies for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., low-income families, children with disabilities, neglected or delinquent children, low-achieving..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Payments for Federally Connected Children Under Section 8003(b) and (e) of the Act § 222.39 How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local...

5 CFR 595.104 - What criteria are used to identify a recruitment and retention problem?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... recruitment and retention problem? 595.104 Section 595.104 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL... identify a recruitment and retention problem? The head of each agency may determine that a significant recruitment and retention problem exists for each category of physician position established under § 595.103...

A Penalized Robust Method for Identifying Gene-Environment Interactions

PubMed Central

Shi, Xingjie; Liu, Jin; Huang, Jian; Zhou, Yong; Xie, Yang; Ma, Shuangge

2015-01-01

In high-throughput studies, an important objective is to identify gene-environment interactions associated with disease outcomes and phenotypes. Many commonly adopted methods assume specific parametric or semiparametric models, which may be subject to model mis-specification. In addition, they usually use significance level as the criterion for selecting important interactions. In this study, we adopt the rank-based estimation, which is much less sensitive to model specification than some of the existing methods and includes several commonly encountered data and models as special cases. Penalization is adopted for the identification of gene-environment interactions. It achieves simultaneous estimation and identification and does not rely on significance level. For computation feasibility, a smoothed rank estimation is further proposed. Simulation shows that under certain scenarios, for example with contaminated or heavy-tailed data, the proposed method can significantly outperform the existing alternatives with more accurate identification. We analyze a lung cancer prognosis study with gene expression measurements under the AFT (accelerated failure time) model. The proposed method identifies interactions different from those using the alternatives. Some of the identified genes have important implications. PMID:24616063

Identification of the source of permanent glare from a three-piece IOL.

PubMed

Wolffe, M; Landry, R J; Alpar, J J

2007-08-01

To identify the source of unwanted glare images from a three-piece intraocular lens (IOL) implant following cataract surgery. The IOL and posterior capsule were examined under mydriatic and nonmydriatic conditions using direct focal illumination from a slit lamp biomicroscope. Direct focal illumination was undertaken with both a narrow beam (0.1 mm in width) and small spot (0.1 mm in diameter) to identify the points at which the glare images were stimulated. While observing the location of the beam with the slit lamp biomicroscope, the patient indicated when the glare images were stimulated. The nasal haptic insertion into the optic was identified as the source of temporal line images arising from lights such as headlamps from oncoming cars and street lamps. The adjacent edge of the IOL was also identified as the likely source of additional cob web-like light rays. The haptic insertions in three-piece IOLs may, under certain conditions, interfere with light entering the pupil and produce extraneous images. Large mesopic pupils and decentred IOLs are conditions that increase the likelihood of unwanted glare images.

Reliability of reporting nosocomial infections in the discharge abstract and implications for receipt of revenues under prospective reimbursement.

PubMed Central

Massanari, R M; Wilkerson, K; Streed, S A; Hierholzer, W J

1987-01-01

Proper reporting of discharge diagnoses, including complications of medical care, is essential for maximum recovery of revenues under the prospective reimbursement system. To evaluate the effectiveness of abstracting techniques in identifying nosocomial infections at discharge, discharge abstracts of patients with nosocomial infections were reviewed during September through November of 1984. Patients with nosocomial infections were identified using modified Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions and trained surveillance technicians. Records which did not include the diagnosis of nosocomial infections in the discharge abstract were identified, and potential lost revenues were estimated. We identified 631 infections in 498 patients. On average, only 57 per cent of the infections were properly recorded and coded in the discharge abstract. Of the additional monies which might be anticipated by the health care institution to assist in the cost of care of adverse events, approximately one-third would have been lost due to errors in coding in the discharge abstract. Although these lost revenues are substantial, they constitute but a small proportion of the potential costs to the institution when patients acquire nosocomial infections. PMID:3105338

CSP41b, a protein identified via FOX hunting using Eutrema salsugineum cDNAs, improves heat and salinity stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Ariga, Hirotaka; Tanaka, Tomoko; Ono, Hirokazu; Sakata, Yoichi; Hayashi, Takahisa; Taji, Teruaki

2015-08-14

Eutrema salsugineum (also known as Thellungiella salsuginea and formerly Thellungiella halophila), a species closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, shows tolerance not only to salt stress, but also to chilling, freezing, and high temperatures. To identify genes responsible for stress tolerance, we conducted Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressing gene (FOX) hunting among a collection of E. salsugineum cDNAs that were stress-induced according to gene ontology analysis or over-expressed in E. salsugineum compared with A. thaliana. We identified E. salsugineum CSP41b (chloroplast stem-loop-binding protein of 41 kDa; also known as CRB, chloroplast RNA binding; named here as EsCSP41b) as a gene that can confer heat and salinity stress tolerance on A. thaliana. A. thaliana CSP41b is reported to play an important role in the proper functioning of the chloroplast: the atcsp41b mutant is smaller and paler than wild-type plants and shows altered chloroplast morphology and photosynthetic performance. We observed that AtCSP41b-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana lines also exhibited marked heat tolerance and significant salinity stress tolerance. The EsCSP41b-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana lines showed significantly higher photosynthesis activity than wild-type plants not only under normal growth conditions but also under heat stress. In wild-type plants, the expression levels of both EsCSP41b and AtCSP41b were significantly reduced under heat or salinity stress. We conclude that maintenance of CSP41b expression under abiotic stresses may alleviate photoinhibition and improve survival under such stresses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pathways to potentially preventable hospitalizations for diabetes and heart failure: a qualitative analysis of patient perspectives.

PubMed

Sentell, Tetine L; Seto, Todd B; Young, Malia M; Vawer, May; Quensell, Michelle L; Braun, Kathryn L; Taira, Deborah A

2016-07-26

Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) for heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) cost the United States over $14 billion annually. Studies about PPH typically lack patient perspectives, especially across diverse racial/ethnic groups with known PPH health disparities. English-speaking individuals with a HF or DM-related PPH (n = 90) at the largest hospital in Hawai'i completed an in-person interview, including open-ended questions on precipitating factors to their PPH. Using the framework approach, two independent coders identified patient-reported factors and pathways to their PPH. Seventy-two percent of respondents were under 65 years, 30 % were female, 90 % had health insurance, and 66 % had previously been hospitalized for the same problem. Patients' stories identified immediate, precipitating, and underlying reasons for the admission. Underlying background factors were critical to understanding why patients had the acute problems necessitating their hospitalizations. Six, non-exclusive, underlying factors included: extreme social vulnerability (e.g., homeless, poverty, no social support, reported by 54 % of respondents); health system interaction issues (e.g., poor communication with providers, 44 %); limited health-related knowledge (42 %); behavioral health issues (e.g., substance abuse, mental illness, 36 %); denial of illness (27 %); and practical problems (e.g., too busy, 6 %). From these findings, we developed a model to understand an individual's pathways to a PPH through immediate, precipitating, and underlying factors, which could help identify potential intervention foci. We demonstrate the model's utility using five examples. In a young, predominately insured population, factors well outside the traditional purview of the hospital, or even clinical medicine, critically influenced many PPH. Patient perspectives were vital to understanding this issue. Innovative partnerships and policies should address these issues, including linkages to social services and behavioral health.

The plasma membrane proteome of maize roots grown under low and high iron conditions.

PubMed

Hopff, David; Wienkoop, Stefanie; Lüthje, Sabine

2013-10-08

Iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for life and has been intensively investigated for dicots, while our knowledge for species in the Poaceae is fragmentary. This study presents the first proteome analysis (LC-MS/MS) of plasma membranes isolated from roots of 18-day old maize (Zea mays L.). Plants were grown under low and high Fe conditions in hydroponic culture. In total, 227 proteins were identified in control plants, whereas 204 proteins were identified in Fe deficient plants and 251 proteins in plants grown under high Fe conditions. Proteins were sorted by functional classes, and most of the identified proteins were classified as signaling proteins. A significant number of PM-bound redox proteins could be identified including quinone reductases, heme and copper-containing proteins. Most of these components were constitutive, and others could hint at an involvement of redox signaling and redox homeostasis by change in abundance. Energy metabolism and translation seem to be crucial in Fe homeostasis. The response to Fe deficiency includes proteins involved in development, whereas membrane remodeling and assembly and/or repair of Fe-S clusters is discussed for Fe toxicity. The general stress response appears to involve proteins related to oxidative stress, growth regulation, an increased rigidity and synthesis of cell walls and adaption of nutrient uptake and/or translocation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics in Europe. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Spatial analysis of childhood obesity and overweight in Peru, 2014].

PubMed

Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Bendezú-Quispe, Guido; Díaz-Seijas, Deysi; Santero, Marilina; Minckas, Nicole; Azañedo, Diego; Antiporta, Daniel A

2016-01-01

To estimate regional prevalence and identify the spatial patterns of the degree of overweight and obesity by districts in under five years children in Peru during 2014. Analysis of the information reported by the Information System Nutritional Status (SIEN) of the number of cases of overweight and obesity in children under five years recorded during 2014. Regional prevalence for overweight and obesity, and their respective confidence intervals to 95% were calculated. Moran index was used to determine patterns of grouping districts with high prevalence of overweight and/or obesity. Data from 1834 districts and 2,318,980 children under five years were analyzed. 158,738 cases (6.84%; CI 95%: 6.81 to 6.87) were overweight, while 56,125 (2.42%; CI 95%: 2.40 to 2.44) obesity. The highest prevalence of overweight were identified in the regions of Tacna (13.9%), Moquegua (11.8%), Callao (10.4%), Lima (10.2%) and Ica (9.3%), and in the same regions for obesity with 5.3%; 4.3%; 4.0%; 4.0% and 3.8% respectively. The spatial analysis found grouping districts of high prevalence in 10% of all districts for both overweight and obesity, identifying 199 districts for overweight (126 urban and 73 rural), and 184 for obesity (136 urban and 48 rural). The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity were identified in the Peruvian coast regions. Moreover, these regions are predominantly exhibited a spatial clustering of districts with high prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Physical Therapists’ Perceptions of Knowledge and Clinical Behavior Regarding Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

PubMed Central

Van Zant, R Scott; Cape, Kelly Jo; Roach, Katrina; Sweeney, Janie

2013-01-01

Purpose The study purpose was to assess perceptions of physical therapists (PTs) regarding the role of physical therapy in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Methods A 25-item survey, validated by expert cardiovascular/pulmonary (CVP) PTs, was sent electronically to 2,673 PTs. Each item represented an element of clinical practice behavior: education of CVD/risk factors (EDCVD), administration of primary CVD prevention (PRECVD), identifying underlying CVD/risk factors (IDCVD), monitoring CV status in patients with CVD (MONCVD). Responses were assigned numeric values (strongly agree = 5 to strongly disagree = 1), and mean element scores were analyzed. Results Most of the 516 respondents were APTA Section members (34% CVP Section, 42% other Section membership) and worked in academia (53%). Items showing a high (> 95%) level of agreement included patient education of smoking (97%) and monitoring exercise intensity (99%), assessing exercise benefits (99%), clinically identifying obesity (97%) and hypertension (97%), and monitoring CV response to exercise (99%). Items failing to reach 80% overall agreement were patient education of CVD medications (79%) and blood chemistry (72%), and assessing CVD family history (75%), patient BMI (60%), and body composition (33%). Identifying underlying CVD (77.2%) was the only practice behavior failing to reach 80% agreement. Outpatient PTs agreed significantly less to all elements vs. academics, and to IDCVD vs. all PTs except home health. Conclusions Physical therapists support most CVD prevention behaviors, but not given elements of patient education and identifying underlying CVD/risk factors. PMID:23801901

Variation in tolerance of rice to long-term stagnant flooding that submerges most of the shoot will aid in breeding tolerant cultivars

PubMed Central

Vergara, Georgina V.; Nugraha, Yudhistira; Esguerra, Manuel Q.; Mackill, David J.; Ismail, Abdelbagi M.

2014-01-01

Stagnant flooding (SF) is a major problem in rainfed lowlands where floodwater of 25–50 cm stagnates in the field for most of the season. We aimed to establish a system for phenotyping SF tolerance and identifying tolerant germplasm through screening of landraces. A total of 626 rice accessions were evaluated over 3 years under control conditions and two levels of SF. Floodwater was raised to 20 cm at 25 or 30 days after transplanting (DAT). In one trial, the depth was increased subsequently by 5 cm a week and in another (severe stress), it was increased to 40 cm at 37 DAT and to 50 cm at 42 DAT. In both trials, water depth was maintained at 50–60 cm until maturity. In all cases, no plant was completely submerged. Plant height, elongation rate and yield were measured at maturity. Genotypes best suited to SF showed moderate elongation of 1.3–2.3 cm day−1 under SF. In contrast, semi-dwarf and fast-elongating types performed poorly. Subsequent trials using 18 genotypes, including six pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) with or without SUB1 showed that all SUB1 NILs were sensitive to SF. Five of the other six genotypes contained SUB1 and were SF tolerant, suggesting the possibility of combining tolerances to complete submergence (SUB1) and SF. Stem starch and soluble sugar concentrations were similar under control conditions among the 18 genotypes, but starch was depleted by 37 % under SF, with less depletion in tolerant genotypes. SUB1 NILs contained similar concentrations of starch and sugars under SF. We conclude that survival and yield under SF are dependent on moderate elongation, high tillering, lesser carbohydrate depletion and higher fertility. The tolerant genotypes identified here performed strongly in both wet and dry seasons and will be used to identify tolerance mechanisms and alleles for use in marker-assisted breeding. PMID:25202124

Genetic Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Yield under Drought in Rice under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solis, Julio; Gutierrez, Andres; Mangu, Venkata; Sanchez, Eduardo; Bedre, Renesh; Linscombe, Steve; Baisakh, Niranjan

2017-12-01

Drought stress is a constant threat to rice production worldwide. Most Mmodern rice cultivars are sensitive to drought, and the effect is severe at the reproductive stage. Conventional breeding for drought resistant (DR) rice varieties is slow and limited due to the quantitative nature of the DR traits. Identification of genes (QTLs)/markers associated with DR traits is a prerequisite for marker-assisted breeding. Grain yield is the most important trait and to this end drought yield QTLs have been identified under field conditions. The present study reports identification of drought yield QTLs under controlled conditions without confounding effects of other factors prevalent under natural conditions. A linkage map covering 1,781.5 cM with an average resolution of 9.76 cM was constructed using an F2 population from a cross between two Japonica cultivars, Cocodrie (drought sensitive) and Vandana (drought tolerant) with 213 markers distributed over 12 rice chromosomes. A subset of 59 markers (22 genic SSRs and 37 SNPs) derived from the transcriptome of the parents were also placed in the map. Single marker analysis using 187 F2:3 progeny identified 6 markers distributed on chromosomes 1, 5, and 8 to be associated with grain yield under drought (GYD). Composite interval mapping identified six genomic regions/quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 1, 5, 8, and 9 to be associated with GYD. QTLs located on chromosome 1 (qGYD1.2, qGYD1.3), chromosome 5 (qGYD5.1) and chromosome 8 (qGYD8.1) were contributed by Vandana alleles, whereas the QTLs, qGYD1.1 and qQYD9.1 were contributed by Cocodrie alelles. The additive positive phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs ranged from 30.0% to 34.0%. Candidate genes annotation within QTLs suggested the role of transcription factors and genes involved in osmotic potential regulation through catalytic/metabolic pathways in drought resistance tolerance mechanism contributing to yield.

Association mapping reveals the genetic architecture of tomato response to water deficit: focus on major fruit quality traits.

PubMed

Albert, Elise; Segura, Vincent; Gricourt, Justine; Bonnefoi, Julien; Derivot, Laurent; Causse, Mathilde

2016-12-01

Water scarcity constitutes a crucial constraint for agriculture productivity. High-throughput approaches in model plant species identified hundreds of genes potentially involved in survival under drought, but few having beneficial effects on quality and yield. Nonetheless, controlled water deficit may improve fruit quality through higher concentration of flavor compounds. The underlying genetic determinants are still poorly known. In this study, we phenotyped 141 highly diverse small fruit tomato accessions for 27 traits under two contrasting watering conditions. A subset of 55 accessions exhibited increased metabolite contents and maintained yield under water deficit. Using 6100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), association mapping revealed 31, 41, and 44 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) under drought, control, and both conditions, respectively. Twenty-five additional QTLs were interactive between conditions, emphasizing the interest in accounting for QTLs by watering regime interactions in fruit quality improvement. Combining our results with the loci previously identified in a biparental progeny resulted in 11 common QTLs and contributed to a first detailed characterization of the genetic determinants of response to water deficit in tomato. Major QTLs for fruit quality traits were dissected and candidate genes were proposed using expression and polymorphism data. The outcomes provide a basis for fruit quality improvement under deficit irrigation while limiting yield losses. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Modeling urban storm rainfall runoff from diverse underlying surfaces and application for control design in Beijing.

PubMed

Ouyang, Wei; Guo, Bobo; Hao, Fanghua; Huang, Haobo; Li, Junqi; Gong, Yongwei

2012-12-30

Managing storm rainfall runoff is paramount in semi-arid regions with urban development. In Beijing, pollution prevention in urban storm runoff and storm water utilization has been identified as the primary strategy for urban water management. In this paper, we sampled runoff during storm rainfall events and analyzed the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) in the runoff. Furthermore, the first flush effect of storm rainfall from diverse underlying surfaces was also analyzed. With the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), the different impervious rates of underlying surfaces during the storm runoff process were expressed. The removal rates of three typical pollutants and their interactions with precipitation and underlying surfaces were identified. From these rates, the scenarios regarding the urban storm runoff pollution loading from different designs of underlying previous rates were assessed with the SWMM. First flush effect analysis showed that the first 20% of the storm runoff should be discarded, which can help in utilizing the storm water resource. The results of this study suggest that the SWMM can express in detail the storm water pollution patterns from diverse underlying surfaces in Beijing, which significantly affected water quality. The scenario analysis demonstrated that impervious rate adjustment has the potential to reduce runoff peak and decrease pollution loading. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Chickenpox-related mortality trends in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2004: a multiple cause approach].

PubMed

Santo, Augusto Hasiak

2007-08-01

To study mortality trends related to chickenpox, as either the underlying or associated cause-of-death (recorded in any field of the medical section of the death certificate), in São Paulo, Brazil. Mortality data for 1985-2004 were obtained from the multiple cause-of-death database maintained by the São Paulo State Data Analysis System (SEADE). Causes-of-death were processed using the Multiple-Causes-of-Death Tabulator. During this 20-year period, chickenpox was identified as the underlying cause-of-death in 1 037 deaths and an associated cause in 150. The mortality coefficients were higher for chickenpox as the underlying, as opposed to the associated cause, and these declined in the analyzed period; whereas a slight increase was observed in mortality due to chickenpox as an associated cause. Seventy-six percent of the deaths were of children under 10 years of age, with the highest incidence among those under 1 year. Most deaths occurred from July to January (86.8% of 1 187 deaths), with a peak in October. In the state's capital city, the mortality coefficients for chickenpox as underlying cause and as associated cause were 47% and 50% higher, respectively, than in the rest of the state. Where chickenpox was identified as the underlying cause, pneumonias and septicemias were the major associated causes; where it was the associated cause, AIDS or neoplasia were most often the underlying cause. Although chickenpox as the underlying cause-of-death has declined, the present study indicates that certain groups are at risk of chickenpox-related mortality, namely children 1-4 years of age and individuals with AIDS or neoplasia.

Mapping QTLs for water-use efficiency reveals the potential candidate genes involved in regulating the trait in apple under drought stress.

PubMed

Wang, Haibo; Zhao, Shuang; Mao, Ke; Dong, Qinglong; Liang, Bowen; Li, Chao; Wei, Zhiwei; Li, Mingjun; Ma, Fengwang

2018-06-26

Improvement of water-use efficiency (WUE) can effectively reduce production losses caused by drought stress. A better understanding of the genetic determination of WUE in crops under drought stress has great potential value for developing cultivars adapted to arid regions. To identify the genetic loci associated with WUE and reveal genes responsible for the trait in apple, we aim to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for carbon isotope composition, the proxy for WUE, applying two contrasting irrigating regimes over the two-year experiment and search for the candidate genes encompassed in the mapped QTLs. We constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 10,172 markers of apple, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and a final segregating population of 350 seedlings from the cross of Honeycrisp and Qinguan. In total, 33 QTLs were identified for carbon isotope composition in apple under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Three QTLs were stable over 2 years under drought stress on linkage groups LG8, LG15 and LG16, as validated by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) assays. In those validated QTLs, 258 genes were screened according to their Gene Ontology functional annotations. Among them, 28 genes were identified, which exhibited significant responses to drought stress in 'Honeycrisp' and/or 'Qinguan'. These genes are involved in signaling, photosynthesis, response to stresses, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism and modification, hormone metabolism and transport, transport, respiration, transcriptional regulation, and development regulation. They, especially those for photoprotection and relevant signal transduction, are potential candidate genes connected with WUE regulation in drought-stressed apple. We detected three stable QTLs for carbon isotope composition in apple under drought stress over 2 years, and validated them by KASP assay. Twenty-eight candidate genes encompassed in these QTLs were identified. These stable genetic loci and series of genes provided here serve as a foundation for further studies on marker-assisted selection of high WUE and regulatory mechanism of WUE in apple exposed to drought conditions, respectively.

Identification, Expression Analysis, and Target Prediction of Flax Genotroph MicroRNAs Under Normal and Nutrient Stress Conditions

PubMed Central

Melnikova, Nataliya V.; Dmitriev, Alexey A.; Belenikin, Maxim S.; Koroban, Nadezhda V.; Speranskaya, Anna S.; Krinitsina, Anastasia A.; Krasnov, George S.; Lakunina, Valentina A.; Snezhkina, Anastasiya V.; Sadritdinova, Asiya F.; Kishlyan, Natalya V.; Rozhmina, Tatiana A.; Klimina, Kseniya M.; Amosova, Alexandra V.; Zelenin, Alexander V.; Muravenko, Olga V.; Bolsheva, Nadezhda L.; Kudryavtseva, Anna V.

2016-01-01

Cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important plant valuable for industry. Some flax lines can undergo heritable phenotypic and genotypic changes (LIS-1 insertion being the most common) in response to nutrient stress and are called plastic lines. Offspring of plastic lines, which stably inherit the changes, are called genotrophs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a crucial regulatory mechanism of gene expression. They have previously been assumed to take part in nutrient stress response and can, therefore, participate in genotroph formation. In the present study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs) extracted from flax plants grown under normal, phosphate deficient and nutrient excess conditions to identify miRNAs and evaluate their expression. Our analysis revealed expression of 96 conserved miRNAs from 21 families in flax. Moreover, 475 novel potential miRNAs were identified for the first time, and their targets were predicted. However, none of the identified miRNAs were transcribed from LIS-1. Expression of seven miRNAs (miR168, miR169, miR395, miR398, miR399, miR408, and lus-miR-N1) with up- or down-regulation under nutrient stress (on the basis of high-throughput sequencing data) was evaluated on extended sampling using qPCR. Reference gene search identified ETIF3H and ETIF3E genes as most suitable for this purpose. Down-regulation of novel potential lus-miR-N1 and up-regulation of conserved miR399 were revealed under the phosphate deficient conditions. In addition, the negative correlation of expression of lus-miR-N1 and its predicted target, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 gene, as well as, miR399 and its predicted target, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 gene, was observed. Thus, in our study, miRNAs expressed in flax plastic lines and genotrophs were identified and their expression and expression of their targets was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing and qPCR for the first time. These data provide new insights into nutrient stress response regulation in plastic flax cultivars. PMID:27092149

Nursing under the influence: a relational ethics perspective.

PubMed

Kunyk, Diane; Austin, Wendy

2012-05-01

When nurses have active and untreated addictions, patient safety may be compromised and nurse-health endangered. Genuine responses are required to fulfil nurses' moral obligations to their patients as well as to their nurse-colleagues. Guided by core elements of relational ethics, the influences of nursing organizational responses along with the practice environment in shaping the situation are contemplated. This approach identifies the importance of consistency with nursing values, acknowledges nurses interdependence, and addresses the role of nursing organization as moral agent. By examining the relational space, the tension between what appears to be opposing moral responsibilities may be healed. Ongoing discourse to identify authentic actions for the professional practice issue of nursing under the influence is called upon.

Fitness trade-offs modify community composition under contrasting disturbance regimes in Pseudomonas fluorescens microcosms.

PubMed

Engelmoer, Daniel J P; Rozen, Daniel E

2009-11-01

Disturbance is thought to be a major factor influencing patterns of biodiversity. In addition, disturbance can modify community composition if there are species specific trade-offs between fitness and disturbance tolerance. Here, we examine the role of disturbance on the evolution of coexisting biofilm-forming morphotypes of Pseudomonas fluorescens maintained in spatially structured laboratory microcosms. We identified four heritably stable ecotypes that varied significantly in their competitiveness under different disturbance treatments. Furthermore, we identified significant trade-offs in competitiveness across disturbance treatments for three of four of these ecotypes. These trade-offs modified dominance relationships between strains and thus altered community composition, with a peak of ecotype diversity occurring at intermediate disturbance frequencies.

Technology and Economics, Inc. Technology Application Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ballard, T.; Macfadyen, D. J.

1981-01-01

Technology + Economics, Inc. (T+E), under contract to the NASA Headquarters Technology Transfer Division, operates a Technology Applications Team (TATeam) to assist in the transfer of NASA-developed aerospace technology. T+E's specific areas of interest are selected urban needs at the local, county, and state levels. T+E contacts users and user agencies at the local, state, and county levels to assist in identifying significant urban needs amenable to potential applications of aerospace technology. Once viable urban needs have been identified in this manner, or through independent research, T+E searches the NASA technology database for technology and/or expertise applicable to the problem. Activities currently under way concerning potential aerospace applications are discussed.

Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

PubMed Central

Heterick, Brian E.; Castalanelli, Mark; Shattuck, Steve O.

2017-01-01

Abstract The fauna of the purely Australian formicine ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is revised. This project involved integrated morphological and molecular taxonomy using one mitochondrial gene (COI) and four nuclear genes (AA, H3, LR and Wg). Seven major clades were identified and are here designated as the M. aeneovirens, M. anderseni, M. biroi, M. fulvihirtus, M. ludius, M. majeri and M. potteri species-groups. Within these clades, smaller complexes of similar species were also identified and designated species-complexes. The M. ludius species-group was identified purely on molecular grounds, as the morphology of its members is indistinguishable from typical members of the M. biroi species-complex within the M. biroi species-group. Most species-complexes sampled were also found to be monophyletic. Sequencing generally supported monophyly in taxa sampled but some species of the M. fieldi complex and M. biroi were not monophyletic and the implications arising from this are discussed in this monograph. Based on morphology, ninety-three species are recognized, 73 described as new. A further new species (here called 'Species K' [TERC Collection]) is noted in the taxonomic list, but is not described in this work. One species is removed from Melophorus: M. scipio Forel is here placed provisionally in Prolasius. Six species and five subspecies pass into synonymy. Of the full species, M. constans Santschi, M. iridescens (Emery) and M. insularis Wheeler are synonymized under M. aeneovirens (Lowne), M. pillipes Santschi is synonymized under M. turneri Forel, M. marius Forel is synonymized under M. biroi Forel, and M. omniparens Forel is synonymized under M. wheeleri Forel. Of the subspecies, M. iridescens fraudatrix and M. iridescens froggatti Forel are synonymized under M. aeneovirens (Lowne), M. turneri aesopus Forel and M. turneri candidus Santschi are synonymized under M. turneri Forel and M. fieldi propinqua Viehmeyer is synonymized under M. biroi. Camponotus cowlei Froggatt is reinstated as a junior synonym of Melophorus bagoti Lubbock. In addition, the subspecies M. fieldi major Forel, M. ludius sulla Forel and M. turneri perthensis Forel are raised to species. A key to workers of the genus is supplied. A lectotype is designated for M. curtus Forel, M. sulla, and M. turneri. PMID:29358897

Increase of Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol Contents of the Essential Oil of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomila L.) Using Salicylic Acid Treatments under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions

PubMed Central

Ghasemi, Mojtaba; Babaeian Jelodar, Nadali; Modarresi, Mohammad; Bagheri, Nadali; Jamali, Abbas

2016-01-01

The chamazulene and α-(−)-bisabolol contents and quality of the chamomile oil are affected by genetic background and environmental conditions. Salicylic acid (SA), as a signaling molecule, plays a significant role in the plant physiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile, quantity, and improve the essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(−)-bisabol using salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The factorial experiments were carried out during the 2011–2012 hot season using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors include four salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control), 10, 25 and 100 mg·L−1), and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold) were sown on two different planting dates under field conditions. Fourteen compounds were identified from the extracted oil of the samples treated with salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions. The major identified oil compositions from chamomile cultivars treated with salicylic acid were chamazulene, α-(−)-bisabolol, bisabolone oxide, β-farnesene, en-yn-dicycloether, and bisabolol oxide A and B. Analysis of variance showed that the simple effects (environmental conditions, cultivar and salicylic acid) and their interaction were significant on all identified compounds, but the environmental conditions had no significant effect on bisabolol oxide A. The greatest amount of chamazulene obtained was 6.66% at the concentration of 10 mg·L−1 SA for the Bona cultivar under heat stress conditions, whereas the highest α-(−)-bisabolol amount attained was 3.41% at the concentration of 100 mg·L−1 SA for the Bona cultivar under normal conditions. The results demonstrated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid increases the quantity and essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and α-(−)-bisabolol under normal and heat stress conditions. PMID:28231151

[Research on the spectral feature and identification of the surface vegetation stressed by stored CO2 underground leakage].

PubMed

Chen, Yun-Hao; Jiang, Jin-Bao; Steven, Michael D; Gong, A-Du; Li, Yi-Fan

2012-07-01

With the global climate warming, reducing greenhouse gas emissions becomes a focused problem for the world. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques could mitigate CO2 into atmosphere, but there is a risk in case that the CO2 leaks from underground. The objective of this paper is to study the chlorophyll contents (SPAD value), relative water contents (RWC) and leaf spectra changing features of beetroot under CO2 leakage stress through field experiment. The result shows that the chlorophyll contents and RWC of beetroot under CO2 leakage stress become lower than the control beetroot', and the leaf reflectance increases in the 550 nm region and decreases in the 680nm region. A new vegetation index (R550/R680) was designed for identifying beetroot under CO2 leakage stress, and the result indicates that the vegetation index R550/R680 could identify the beetroots after CO2 leakage for 7 days. The index has strong sensitivity, stability and identification for monitoring the beetroots under CO2 stress. The result of this paper has very important meaning and application values for selecting spots of CCS project, monitoring and evaluating land-surface ecology under CO2 stress and monitoring the leakage spots by using remote sensing.

Medicaid Integrity Program; eligible entity and contracting requirements for the Medicaid Integrity audit program. Final rule.

PubMed

2008-09-26

Section 1936 of the Social Security Act (the Act) (as added by section 6034 of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) established the Medicaid Integrity Program to promote the integrity of the Medicaid program by requiring CMS to enter into contracts with eligible entities to: (1) Review the actions of individuals or entities furnishing items or services (whether on a fee-for-service, risk, or other basis) for which payment may be made under an approved State plan and/or any waiver of such plan approved under section 1115 of the Act; (2) audit claims for payment of items or services furnished, or administrative services rendered, under a State plan; (3) identify overpayments to individuals or entities receiving Federal funds; and (4) educate providers of services, managed care entities, beneficiaries, and other individuals with respect to payment integrity and quality of care. This final rule will provide requirements for an eligible entity to enter into a contract under the Medicaid integrity audit program. The final rule will also establish the contracting requirements for eligible entities. The requirements will include procedures for identifying, evaluating, and resolving organizational conflicts of interest that are generally applicable to Federal acquisition and procurement; competitive procedures to be used; and procedures under which a contract may be renewed.

Silent slips, trips and broken hips in the under 60s: A review of the literature.

PubMed

Janes, Gillian; Serrant, Laura; Sque, Magi

2018-02-24

This critical review of the literature regarding the recovery experiences and healthcare needs of people under 60 following a fragility hip fracture seeks to identify the associated implications for nursing practice and inform care delivery. Forty papers were included following a structured database, citation and grey literature search and filtering of results in line with specified inclusion criteria. Hip fracture is a common, serious and complex injury and an important cause of morbidity, mortality and rising healthcare costs worldwide. This review indicates that although commonly associated with the elderly, incidence and impact in the under 60s has been under-explored. Current health policy, professional and social norms almost exclusively focus on the elderly, surgical interventions and short-term outcomes, rendering the under 60s an inadvertently marginalised, relatively 'silent' sub-set of the hip fracture population. Nurses must be aware, however, of the different recovery needs of this younger group. The limited evidence available indicates these include work related needs and long term physical and psychosocial limitations in this socially and economically active group. Priorities are identified for research to inform policy and practice. Meanwhile, nurses can address the needs of this group by listening to and involving them and their families as healthcare partners. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Ada Compiler Validation Summary Report: Certificate Number: 880318W1. 09043 International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, Host IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, Target

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-28

International Business Machines Corporation IBM Development System for the Ada Language, Version 2.1.0 IBM 4381 under VM/HPO, host IBM 4381 under MVS/XA, target...Program Office, AJPO 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) International Business Machines Corporation, IBM...Standard ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A in the compiler listed in this declaration. I declare that International Business Machines Corporation is the owner of record

Mental Toughness Moderates Social Loafing in Cycle Time-Trial Performance.

PubMed

Haugen, Tommy; Reinboth, Michael; Hetlelid, Ken J; Peters, Derek M; Høigaard, Rune

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study was to determine if mental toughness moderated the occurrence of social loafing in cycle time-trial performance. Twenty-seven men (Mage = 17.7 years, SD = 0.6) completed the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire prior to completing a 1-min cycling trial under 2 conditions: once with individual performance identified, and once in a group with individual performance not identified. Using a median split of the mental toughness index, participants were divided into high and low mental toughness groups. Cycling distance was compared using a 2 (trial) × 2 (high-low mental toughness) analysis of variance. We hypothesized that mentally tough participants would perform equally well under both conditions (i.e., no indication of social loafing) compared with low mentally tough participants, who would perform less well when their individual performance was not identifiable (i.e., demonstrating the anticipated social loafing effect). The high mental toughness group demonstrated consistent performance across both conditions, while the low mental toughness group reduced their effort in the non-individually identifiable team condition. The results confirm that (a) clearly identifying individual effort/performance is an important situational variable that may impact team performance and (b) higher perceived mental toughness has the ability to negate the tendency to loaf.

Evaluation of artificial selection in Standard Poodles using whole-genome sequencing.

PubMed

Friedenberg, Steven G; Meurs, Kathryn M; Mackay, Trudy F C

2016-12-01

Identifying regions of artificial selection within dog breeds may provide insights into genetic variation that underlies breed-specific traits or diseases-particularly if these traits or disease predispositions are fixed within a breed. In this study, we searched for runs of homozygosity (ROH) and calculated the d i statistic (which is based upon F ST ) to identify regions of artificial selection in Standard Poodles using high-coverage, whole-genome sequencing data of 15 Standard Poodles and 49 dogs across seven other breeds. We identified consensus ROH regions ≥1 Mb in length and common to at least ten Standard Poodles covering 0.6 % of the genome, and d i regions that most distinguish Standard Poodles from other breeds covering 3.7 % of the genome. Within these regions, we identified enriched gene pathways related to olfaction, digestion, and taste, as well as pathways related to adrenal hormone biosynthesis, T cell function, and protein ubiquitination that could contribute to the pathogenesis of some Poodle-prevalent autoimmune diseases. We also validated variants related to hair coat and skull morphology that have previously been identified as being under selective pressure in Poodles, and flagged additional polymorphisms in genes such as ITGA2B, CBX4, and TNXB that may represent strong candidates for other common Poodle disorders.

Proteomic analysis of soybean root exposed to varying sizes of silver nanoparticles under flooding stress.

PubMed

Mustafa, Ghazala; Sakata, Katsumi; Komatsu, Setsuko

2016-10-04

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are excessively used as antibacterial agents; however, environmental interaction specifically with the plants remain uncertain. To study the size-dependent effects of Ag-NPs on soybean under flooding, a proteomic technique was used. Morphological analysis revealed that treatment with Ag-NPs of 15nm promoted soybean growth under flooding compared to 2 and 50-80nm. A total of 228 common proteins that significantly changed in abundance under flooding without and with Ag-NPs of 2, 15, and 50-80nm. Under varying sizes of Ag-NPs, number of protein synthesis related proteins decreased compared to flooding while number of amino acid synthesis related proteins were increased under Ag-NPs of 15nm. Hierarchical clustering identified the ribosomal proteins that increased under Ag-NPs of 15nm while decreased under other sizes. In silico protein-protein interaction indicated the beta ketoacyl reducatse 1 as the most interacted protein under Ag-NPs of 15nm while least interacted under other sizes. The beta ketoacyl reductase 1 was up-regulated under Ag-NPs of 15nm while its enzyme activity was decreased. These results suggest that the different sizes of Ag-NPs might affect the soybean growth under flooding by regulating the proteins related to amino acid synthesis and wax formation. This study highlighted the response of soybean proteins towards varying sizes of Ag NPs under flooding stress using gel-free proteomic technique. The Ag NPs of 15nm improved the length of root including hypocotyl of soybean. The proteins related to protein metabolism, cell division/organization, and amino acid metabolism were differentially changed under the varying sizes of Ag NPs. The protein synthesis-related proteins were decreased while amino acid metabolism-related proteins were increased under varying sizes of Ag NPs. The ribosomal proteins were increased under Ag NPs of 15nm. The beta ketoacyl reductase 1 was identified as the most interacted protein under varying sizes of Ag NPs. The mRNA expression level of beta ketoacyl reductase was up-regulated under Ag NPs of 15nm while its activity was decreased. These results suggest that the Ag NPs of 15nm improved the soybean growth under flooding stress by increasing the proteins related to amino acid synthesis and waxes formation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 56099 - Implementation of a Decision Adopted Under the Australia Group (AG) Intersessional Silent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... more easily identify the bacteria and ``toxins'' that are controlled under this CCL entry, this rule alphabetizes and renumbers the lists of bacteria and ``toxins'' in the entry. DATES: This rule is effective... renumbers the lists of bacteria and toxins contained in ECCN 1C351.c and .d, respectively. Consistent with...

77 FR 15352 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Expanding Incentives for Voluntary Conservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

...; Expanding Incentives for Voluntary Conservation Actions Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: Fish and... Endangered Species Act. By this notice, we are inviting public comment to help us identify potential changes... notice is published under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531...

77 FR 16215 - Commission Information Collection Activities (FERC-716); Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-20

...: Title: FERC-716, Good Faith Request for Transmission Service and Response by Transmitting Utility Under... valid good faith request for transmission has been made under section 211 of the FPA. By developing the.... As a result, 18 CFR 2.20 identifies 12 components of a good faith estimate and 5 components of a...

10 CFR 12.103 - Proceedings covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... under the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act (31 U.S.C. 3801-12); (2) Any appeal of a decision made... contract appeals as provided in section 8 of that Act (41 U.S.C. 607); and (3) Adversary adjudications...” under 5 U.S.C. 504(b)(1)(C). (b) The Commission's failure to identify a type of proceeding as an...

Organization of Individual Work of Students under Competence-Oriented Approach to Education in Higher School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ualiyeva, Nazym T.; Murzalinova, Alma Z.

2016-01-01

The main objective of this research is to identify the essence, content and specifics of organization of individual work of higher school students under competence-oriented approach. The research methodology is related to the choice of competence-oriented approach to ensure transformation of individual work into individual activity in…

Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Changes

Treesearch

Bret Bruce; Diana Allen; Henrique Chaves; Gordon Grant; Gualbert Oude Essink; Henk Kooi; Ian White; Jason Gurdak; Jay Famiglietti; Jose Luis Martin-Bordes; Kevin Hiscock; Matthew Rodell; Neno Kukuric; Peter B. McMahon; Richard Taylor; Timothy Green; Yoseph Yechieli

2008-01-01

Given the vision and mission statements for GRAPHIC above, this document provides an updated framework for the GRAPHIC program. The approach to addressing global issues under the GRAPHIC umbrella involves case studies designed to cover a broad range of the identified Subjects, Methods, and Regions. Interdependencies of factors and processes affecting subsurface water...

Dimensions Underlying Student Perceptions of Religion, Sex, and Alcohol: Male and Female Differences. Research Report No. 5-83.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Aldrich M., Jr.; Sedlacek, William E.

Identifying the variables which influence student attitudes, perceptions, and behavior patterns in regard to religion, sex, and alcohol has been a major source of investigation. To determine the dimensions underlying the relationship among religion, sex, alcohol use, and alcohol knowledge among university students, 376 University of Maryland…

Foundational Concepts and Underlying Theories for Majors in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tansey, John T.; Baird, Teaster, Jr.; Cox, Michael M.; Fox, Kristin M.; Knight, Jennifer; Sears, Duane; Bell, Ellis

2013-01-01

Over the past two years, through an NSF RCN UBE grant, the ASBMB has held regional workshops for faculty members and science educators from around the country that focused on identifying: 1) core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2) essential concepts and underlying theories from physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and 3)…

34 CFR 226.14 - What other funding priorities may the Secretary use in making a grant award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FACILITIES INCENTIVE PROGRAM How Does the Secretary Award a Grant? § 226.14 What other funding priorities may... have been identified for improvement, corrective action, or restructuring under title I of the ESEA; (2... points awarded under these priorities only for proposals that exhibit sufficient quality to warrant...

34 CFR 225.12 - What funding priority may the Secretary use in making a grant award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SCHOOL FACILITIES PROGRAM How Does the Secretary Award a Grant? § 225.12 What funding priority may the... identified for improvement, corrective action, or restructuring under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary... priority only for proposals that exhibit sufficient quality to warrant funding under the selection criteria...

A systems science perspective and transdisciplinary models for food and nutrition security

PubMed Central

Hammond, Ross A.; Dubé, Laurette

2012-01-01

We argue that food and nutrition security is driven by complex underlying systems and that both research and policy in this area would benefit from a systems approach. We present a framework for such an approach, examine key underlying systems, and identify transdisciplinary modeling tools that may prove especially useful. PMID:22826247

WebQuests as Perceived by Teachers: Implications for Online Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zheng, R.; Perez, J.; Williamson, J.; Flygare, J.

2008-01-01

The WebQuest as an instructional tool has recently been widely adopted in K-16 education. However, its underlying principles and functionality are not well understood, which has resulted in an inconsistency in practice. This study identifies the underlying constructs of WebQuests as perceived by teachers and variables affecting their perceptions…

14 CFR Appendix H to Part 25 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., approved under § 25.571. Until the full-scale fatigue testing is completed and the FAA has approved the LOV... accumulated on the fatigue test article. (b) If the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness consist of... identifying any changes to EWIS under § 25.1711. (5) Electrical load data and instructions for updating that...

14 CFR Appendix H to Part 25 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., approved under § 25.571. Until the full-scale fatigue testing is completed and the FAA has approved the LOV... accumulated on the fatigue test article. (b) If the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness consist of... identifying any changes to EWIS under § 25.1711. (5) Electrical load data and instructions for updating that...

14 CFR Appendix H to Part 25 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., approved under § 25.571. Until the full-scale fatigue testing is completed and the FAA has approved the LOV... accumulated on the fatigue test article. (b) If the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness consist of... identifying any changes to EWIS under § 25.1711. (5) Electrical load data and instructions for updating that...

Evaluation of exotically-derived soybean breeding lines for seed yield, germination, damage, and composition under dryland production in the midsouthern USA

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Although the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS) in the Midsouthern USA increased seed yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, heat stress and drought still lead to poor seed quality in heat sensitive soybean cultivars. Our goal was to identify breeding lines that possess high germin...

Review of International Research on Factors Underlying Teacher Absenteeism. REL 2015-087

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Mary; Goodman, Crystal; Dandapani, Nitara; Kekahio, Wendy

2015-01-01

Throughout the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Region, teacher absenteeism has posed a long-standing challenge. This report draws on research literature from international contexts and case studies to identify the underlying factors that may relate to teacher absenteeism. Resources included in this report were selected with a focus on non-U.S. Pacific…

31 CFR 306.11 - Forms of registration for transferable securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) (123-45-6789). (d) Life tenant under will. A security may be registered in the name of a life tenant followed by an adequate identifying reference to the will. Example: Anne B. Smith, life tenant under the will of Adam A. Smith, deceased (12-3456789). The life tenant will be considered a fiduciary. (e...

Urinary Metabolite Profiles May be Predictive of Cognitive Performance Under Conditions of Acute Sleep Deprivation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

temporal changes in urinary metabolite profiles mirrored cognitive performance during continuous wakefulness. Additionally , subjects identified by...profiles mirrored cognitive performance during continuous wakefulness. Additionally , subjects identified by cognitive assessments as having a high...field studies and would have little useful application in occupational or military operational environments. Addition - ally, their usefulness is

Thematicity in Applied Linguistics Textbooks: A Comparative Study of Foreword, Introduction and Preface

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jalilifar, Alireza; Montazeri, Ebtesam Abbasi

2017-01-01

While identifying the generic structure of academic introductions has been the focus of extensive research over the last few decades, investigating some, if not all, of the available linguistic resources that realize the identified generic structures seems to have been largely under-focused. In order to shed light on the way that the communicative…

Succeeding in the MBA Marketplace: Identifying the Underlying Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivy, Jonathan; Naude, Peter

2004-01-01

There has been enormous growth globally in the number of both MBA providers and students over the past few decades. While inclusion in national and international MBA league-tables is part of the marketing arsenal of every MBA supplier that appears in them, identifying the determinants of success in this ever more crowded marketplace is a far less…

Identification System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Under a NASA Space Act Agreement with Marshall Space Flight Center, Symbology Research Center commercialized a new method of identifying products with invisible and virtually indestructible markings. This digital data matrix technology was developed at Marshall Space Flight Center to identify the millions of parts that comprise space shuttles. The laser-etched markings are seen as the next generation of product "bar codes."

Measures to increase airfield capacity by changing aircraft runway occupancy characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gosling, G. D.; Kanafani, A.; Rockaday, S. L. M.

1981-01-01

Airfield capacity and aircraft runway occupancy characteristics were studied. Factors that caused runway congestion and airfield crowding were identified. Several innovations designed to alleviate the congestion are discussed. Integrated landing management, the concept that the operation of the final approach and runway should be considered in concert, was identified as underlying all of the innovations.

The Differential Valuation of Women's Work: A New Look at the Gender Gap in Lawyers' Incomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinovitzer, Ronit; Reichman, Nancy; Sterling, Joyce

2009-01-01

This article seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the gender wage gap among new lawyers. Relying on nationally representative data to examine the salaries of lawyers working fulltime in private practice, we find a gender gap of about 5 percent. Identifying four mechanisms--work profiles, opportunity paths and structures, credentials, and…

Identifying Students' Expectancy-Value Beliefs: A Latent Class Analysis Approach to Analyzing Middle School Students' Science Self-Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phelan, Julia; Ing, Marsha; Nylund-Gibson, Karen; Brown, Richard S.

2017-01-01

This study extends current research by organizing information about students' expectancy-value achievement motivation, in a way that helps parents and teachers identify specific entry points to encourage and support students' science aspirations. This study uses latent class analysis to describe underlying differences in ability beliefs, task…

75 FR 58425 - Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-24

...: American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, that meets the definition of unassociated funerary objects under... American Museum of Natural History. No known individual was identified. This individual has been identified...

34 CFR 303.401 - Definitions of consent, native language, and personally identifiable information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... which consent is sought, in the parent's native language or other mode of communication; (2) The parent... proficiency, means the language or mode of communication normally used by the parent of a child eligible under... child's parent, or other family member; (2) The address of the child; (3) A personal identifier, such as...

Under What Assumptions Do Site-by-Treatment Instruments Identify Average Causal Effects?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reardon, Sean F.; Raudenbush, Stephen W.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the assumptions that must be met if this--multiple site, multiple mediator--strategy, hereafter referred to as "MSMM," is to identify the average causal effects (ATE) in the populations of interest. The authors' investigation of the assumptions of the multiple-mediator, multiple-site IV model demonstrates…

13 CFR 127.502 - How will SBA identify and provide notice of the designated industries?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... notice of the designated industries? 127.502 Section 127.502 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... § 127.502 How will SBA identify and provide notice of the designated industries? SBA will post on its Internet Web site at http://www.sba.gov a list of NAICS Industry Subsector industries it designates under...

13 CFR 127.502 - How will SBA identify and provide notice of the designated industries?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... notice of the designated industries? 127.502 Section 127.502 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... § 127.502 How will SBA identify and provide notice of the designated industries? SBA will post on its Internet Web site at http://www.sba.gov a list of NAICS Industry Subsector industries it designates under...

U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamilton, Bruce

2013-02-22

This report seeks to provide an organized, analytical approach to identifying and bounding uncertainties around offshore wind manufacturing and supply chain capabilities; projecting potential component-level supply chain needs under three demand scenarios; and identifying key supply chain challenges and opportunities facing the future U.S. market and current suppliers of the nation’s landbased wind market.

Towards Automatically Aligning German Compounds with English Word Groups in an Example-Based Translation System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Daniel; Alexa, Melina

As part of the development of a completely sub-symbolic machine translation system, a method for automatically identifying German compounds was developed. Given a parallel bilingual corpus, German compounds are identified along with their English word groupings by statistical processing alone. The underlying principles and the design process are…

34 CFR 222.39 - How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local educational agencies for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Payments for Federally Connected Children Under Section 8003(b... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How does a State educational agency identify generally comparable local educational agencies for local contribution rate purposes? 222.39 Section 222.39 Education...

National Dam Safety Program. Union Lake Dam (MO 30225), Missouri - Kansas City Basin, Jackson County, Missouri. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

report was prepared under the National Program of Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. This report assesses the general condition of the dam with respect to...enter the complete contract or grant number(s) under which the wo-ieported was accomplished. Leave blank in in-house reports. Block 9. Performing...34Research and Development Planning Summary," which identifies the program element, project, task area, and work unit or equivalent under which the work

Clostridiumm ljungdahlii, an anaerobic ethanol and acetate producing microorganism

DOEpatents

Gaddy, J.L.; Clausen, E.C.

1992-12-22

A newly discovered microorganism was isolated in a biologically pure culture and designated Clostridium ljungdahlii, having the identifying characteristics of ATCC No. 49587. Cultured in an aqueous nutrient medium under anaerobic conditions, this microorganism is capable of producing ethanol and acetate from CO and H[sub 2]O and/or CO[sub 2] and H[sub 2] in synthesis gas. Under optimal growth conditions, the microorganism produces acetate in preference to ethanol. Conversely, under non-growth conditions, ethanol production is favored over acetate. 3 figs.

Clostridiumm ljungdahlii, an anaerobic ethanol and acetate producing microorganism

DOEpatents

Gaddy, James L.; Clausen, Edgar C.

1992-01-01

A newly discovered microorganism was isolated in a biologically pure culture and designated Clostridium ljungdahlii, having the identifying characteristics of ATCC No. 49587. Cultured in an aqueous nutrient medium under anaerobic conditions, this microorganism is capable of producing ethanol and acetate from CO and H.sub.2 O and/or CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 in synthesis gas. Under optimal growth conditions, the microorganism produces acetate in preference to ethanol. Conversely, under non-growth conditions, ethanol production is favored over acetate.

Searching for Black Holes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garica, M.

2001-01-01

In 1995 we proposed to carry out ground-based observations in order to securely identify stellar mass black holes in our galaxy. This type 4 proposal under NASA's UV, Visible, and Gravitational Astrophysics program compliments NASA's space-based research by following up black hole candidates found and studied with space-based observatories, in order to determine if they are indeed black holes. While our primary goal is to securely identify black holes by measuring their masses, a secondary goal is identifying unique visible-range signatures for black holes.

Additional Research Needs to Support the GENII Biosphere Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Napier, Bruce A.; Snyder, Sandra F.; Arimescu, Carmen

In the course of evaluating the current parameter needs for the GENII Version 2 code (Snyder et al. 2013), areas of possible improvement for both the data and the underlying models have been identified. As the data review was implemented, PNNL staff identified areas where the models can be improved both to accommodate the locally significant pathways identified and also to incorporate newer models. The areas are general data needs for the existing models and improved formulations for the pathway models.

Proteomic analysis of the flooding tolerance mechanism in mutant soybean.

PubMed

Komatsu, Setsuko; Nanjo, Yohei; Nishimura, Minoru

2013-02-21

Flooding stress of soybean is a serious problem because it reduces growth; however, flooding-tolerant cultivars have not been identified. To analyze the flooding tolerance mechanism of soybean, the flooding-tolerant mutant was isolated and analyzed using a proteomic technique. Flooding-tolerance tests were repeated five times using gamma-ray irradiated soybeans, whose root growth (M6 stage) was not suppressed even under flooding stress. Two-day-old wild-type and mutant plants were subjected to flooding stress for 2days, and proteins were identified using a gel-based proteomic technique. In wild-type under flooding stress, levels of proteins related to development, protein synthesis/degradation, secondary metabolism, and the cell wall changed; however, these proteins did not markedly differ in the mutant. In contrast, an increased number of fermentation-related proteins were identified in the mutant under flooding stress. The root tips of mutant plants were not affected by flooding stress, even though the wild-type plants had damaged root. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the mutant increased at an early stage of flooding stress compared with that of the wild-type. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the fermentation system in the early stages of flooding may be an important factor for the acquisition of flooding tolerance in soybean. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Flooding-Tolerance Mechanism in Mutant and Abscisic Acid-Treated Soybean.

PubMed

Yin, Xiaojian; Nishimura, Minoru; Hajika, Makita; Komatsu, Setsuko

2016-06-03

Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybean, and several flooding-specific stress responses have been identified; however, the mechanisms underlying flooding tolerance in soybean remain unclear. To explore the initial flooding tolerance mechanisms in soybean, flooding-tolerant mutant and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated plants were analyzed. In the mutant and ABA-treated soybeans, 146 proteins were commonly changed at the initial flooding stress. Among the identified proteins, protein synthesis-related proteins, including nascent polypeptide-associated complex and chaperonin 20, and RNA regulation-related proteins were increased in abundance both at protein and mRNA expression. However, these proteins identified at the initial flooding stress were not significantly changed during survival stages under continuous flooding. Cluster analysis indicated that glycolysis- and cell wall-related proteins, such as enolase and polygalacturonase inhibiting protein, were increased in abundance during survival stages. Furthermore, lignification of root tissue was improved even under flooding stress. Taken together, these results suggest that protein synthesis- and RNA regulation-related proteins play a key role in triggering tolerance to the initial flooding stress in soybean. Furthermore, the integrity of cell wall and balance of glycolysis might be important factors for promoting tolerance of soybean root to flooding stress during survival stages.

Identifying gene coexpression networks underlying the dynamic regulation of wood-forming tissues in Populus under diverse environmental conditions.

PubMed

Zinkgraf, Matthew; Liu, Lijun; Groover, Andrew; Filkov, Vladimir

2017-06-01

Trees modify wood formation through integration of environmental and developmental signals in complex but poorly defined transcriptional networks, allowing trees to produce woody tissues appropriate to diverse environmental conditions. In order to identify relationships among genes expressed during wood formation, we integrated data from new and publically available datasets in Populus. These datasets were generated from woody tissue and include transcriptome profiling, transcription factor binding, DNA accessibility and genome-wide association mapping experiments. Coexpression modules were calculated, each of which contains genes showing similar expression patterns across experimental conditions, genotypes and treatments. Conserved gene coexpression modules (four modules totaling 8398 genes) were identified that were highly preserved across diverse environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds. Functional annotations as well as correlations with specific experimental treatments associated individual conserved modules with distinct biological processes underlying wood formation, such as cell-wall biosynthesis, meristem development and epigenetic pathways. Module genes were also enriched for DNase I hypersensitivity footprints and binding from four transcription factors associated with wood formation. The conserved modules are excellent candidates for modeling core developmental pathways common to wood formation in diverse environments and genotypes, and serve as testbeds for hypothesis generation and testing for future studies. No claim to original US government works. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust.

Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian Hybrid Sterility in Two Feline Interspecies Models

PubMed Central

Davis, Brian W.; Seabury, Christopher M.; Brashear, Wesley A.; Li, Gang; Roelke-Parker, Melody; Murphy, William J.

2015-01-01

The phenomenon of male sterility in interspecies hybrids has been observed for over a century, however, few genes influencing this recurrent phenotype have been identified. Genetic investigations have been primarily limited to a small number of model organisms, thus limiting our understanding of the underlying molecular basis of this well-documented “rule of speciation.” We utilized two interspecies hybrid cat breeds in a genome-wide association study employing the Illumina 63 K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Collectively, we identified eight autosomal genes/gene regions underlying associations with hybrid male sterility (HMS) involved in the function of the blood-testis barrier, gamete structural development, and transcriptional regulation. We also identified several candidate hybrid sterility regions on the X chromosome, with most residing in close proximity to complex duplicated regions. Differential gene expression analyses revealed significant chromosome-wide upregulation of X chromosome transcripts in testes of sterile hybrids, which were enriched for genes involved in chromatin regulation of gene expression. Our expression results parallel those reported in Mus hybrids, supporting the “Large X-Effect” in mammalian HMS and the potential epigenetic basis for this phenomenon. These results support the value of the interspecies feline model as a powerful tool for comparison to rodent models of HMS, demonstrating unique aspects and potential commonalities that underpin mammalian reproductive isolation. PMID:26006188

Talent identification and recruitment in youth soccer: Recruiter's perceptions of the key attributes for player recruitment.

PubMed

Larkin, Paul; O'Connor, Donna

2017-01-01

Using the modified Delphi method, we aimed to understand the attributes youth coaches and recruiters perceive as important when identifying skilled youth performance at the entry level of representative soccer in Australia (i.e., Under 13 years). Furthermore, we also aimed to describe the current methods youth coaches and recruiters use to assess and identify these attributes in youth players. Australian regional youth technical directors and coaches (n = 20) completed a three stage process, including an initial interview and two subsequent questionnaires, whereby attributes and qualities associated with talent identification were rated and justified according to the importance for youth player performance and talent identification. Results indicate a hierarchy of attributes recruiters perceive as important for Under 13 soccer performance, including technical (i.e., first touch, striking the ball, one-versus-one ability, and technical ability under pressure), tactical (i.e., decision-making ability) and psychological attributes (i.e., coachability and positive attitude). In addition, the findings indicated attributes and qualities not emphasised within the talent identification process including, physiological, anthropometrical, sociological and several psychological attributes. It is suggested talent recruiters apply a holistic multidisciplinary approach to talent identification, with the current findings potentially providing initial evidence to suggest recruiters do consider numerous attributes when selecting and identifying youth players.

Anatomic factors related to the cause of tennis elbow.

PubMed

Bunata, Robert E; Brown, David S; Capelo, Roderick

2007-09-01

The pathogenesis of lateral epicondylitis remains unclear. Our purpose was to study the anatomy of the lateral aspect of the elbow under static and dynamic conditions in order to identify bone-to-tendon and tendon-to-tendon contact or rubbing that might cause abrasion of the tissues. Eighty-five cadaveric elbows were examined to determine details related to the bone structure and musculotendinous origins. We identified the relative positions of the musculotendinous units and the underlying bone when the elbow was in different degrees of flexion. We also recorded the contact between the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the lateral edge of the capitellum as elbow motion occurred, and we sought to identify the areas of the capitellum and extensor carpi radialis brevis where contact occurs. The average site of origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis on the humerus lay slightly medial and superior to the outer edge of the capitellum. As the elbow was extended, the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis rubbed against the lateral edge of the capitellum while the extensor carpi radialis longus compressed the brevis against the underlying bone. The extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon has a unique anatomic location that makes its undersurface vulnerable to contact and abrasion against the lateral edge of the capitellum during elbow motion.

Talent identification and recruitment in youth soccer: Recruiter’s perceptions of the key attributes for player recruitment

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Using the modified Delphi method, we aimed to understand the attributes youth coaches and recruiters perceive as important when identifying skilled youth performance at the entry level of representative soccer in Australia (i.e., Under 13 years). Furthermore, we also aimed to describe the current methods youth coaches and recruiters use to assess and identify these attributes in youth players. Australian regional youth technical directors and coaches (n = 20) completed a three stage process, including an initial interview and two subsequent questionnaires, whereby attributes and qualities associated with talent identification were rated and justified according to the importance for youth player performance and talent identification. Results indicate a hierarchy of attributes recruiters perceive as important for Under 13 soccer performance, including technical (i.e., first touch, striking the ball, one-versus-one ability, and technical ability under pressure), tactical (i.e., decision-making ability) and psychological attributes (i.e., coachability and positive attitude). In addition, the findings indicated attributes and qualities not emphasised within the talent identification process including, physiological, anthropometrical, sociological and several psychological attributes. It is suggested talent recruiters apply a holistic multidisciplinary approach to talent identification, with the current findings potentially providing initial evidence to suggest recruiters do consider numerous attributes when selecting and identifying youth players. PMID:28419175

Neural substrates underlying fear-evoked freezing: the periaqueductal grey–cerebellar link

PubMed Central

Koutsikou, Stella; Crook, Jonathan J; Earl, Emma V; Leith, J Lianne; Watson, Thomas C; Lumb, Bridget M; Apps, Richard

2014-01-01

The central neural pathways involved in fear-evoked behaviour are highly conserved across mammalian species, and there is a consensus that understanding them is a fundamental step towards developing effective treatments for emotional disorders in man. The ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) has a well-established role in fear-evoked freezing behaviour. The neural pathways underlying autonomic and sensory consequences of vlPAG activation in fearful situations are well understood, but much less is known about the pathways that link vlPAG activity to distinct fear-evoked motor patterns essential for survival. In adult rats, we have identified a pathway linking the vlPAG to cerebellar cortex, which terminates as climbing fibres in lateral vermal lobule VIII (pyramis). Lesion of pyramis input–output pathways disrupted innate and fear-conditioned freezing behaviour. The disruption in freezing behaviour was strongly correlated to the reduction in the vlPAG-induced facilitation of α-motoneurone excitability observed after lesions of the pyramis. The increased excitability of α-motoneurones during vlPAG activation may therefore drive the increase in muscle tone that underlies expression of freezing behaviour. By identifying the cerebellar pyramis as a critical component of the neural network subserving emotionally related freezing behaviour, the present study identifies novel neural pathways that link the PAG to fear-evoked motor responses. PMID:24639484

Incorporating future change into current conservation planning: Evaluating tidal saline wetland migration along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast under alternative sea-level rise and urbanization scenarios

USGS Publications Warehouse

Enwright, Nicholas M.; Griffith, Kereen T.; Osland, Michael J.

2015-11-02

In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, quantified the potential for landward migration of tidal saline wetlands along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast under alternative future sea-level rise and urbanization scenarios. Our analyses focused exclusively on tidal saline wetlands (that is, mangrove forests, salt marshes, and salt flats), and we combined these diverse tidal saline wetland ecosystems into a single grouping, “tidal saline wetland.” Collectively, our approach and findings can provide useful information for scientists and environmental planners working to develop future-focused adaptation strategies for conserving coastal landscapes and the ecosystem goods and services provided by tidal saline wetlands. The primary product of this work is a public dataset that identifies locations where landward migration of tidal saline wetlands is expected to occur under alternative future sea-level rise and urbanization scenarios. In addition to identifying areas where landward migration of tidal saline wetlands is possible because of the absence of barriers, these data also identify locations where landward migration of these wetlands could be prevented by barriers associated with current urbanization, future urbanization, and levees.

A molecular beam mass spectrometric study of the formation and photolysis of C(lc)lO dimer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Frank T.; Robaugh, David A.

1992-01-01

A study of the chlorine oxides present at temperatures and pressures typical of the Antarctic stratosphere was carried out. A series of low temperature flow reactors was constructed and used in conjunction with molecular beam mass spectrometric techniques to identify species and characterize their kinetic behavior at temperatures of -20 to -70 C and pressures of from 30 to 130 Torr. It was found that the gas phase chlorine-oxygen system was quite complex at low temperatures. ClO dimer was identified and found to be thermodynamically very stable under stratospheric conditions. It was also found that any system which contained ClO also contained a larger oxide. The oxide was identified as Cl2O3. A survey of possible higher oxides, which have been postulated as possible chlorine sinks in the stratosphere, was also carried out. The rate of formation of ClO dimer was measured as a function of temperature and pressure. Measurements were made of both the decay of ClO and the formation of the dimer. By comparing these rates it was determined that virtually all of the ClO was converted to the dimer under stratospheric conditions, and that the other ClO reactions were not important under these conditions.

Are chemicals in articles an obstacle for reaching environmental goals? - Missing links in EU chemical management.

PubMed

Molander, Linda; Breitholtz, Magnus; Andersson, Patrik L; Rybacka, Aleksandra; Rudén, Christina

2012-10-01

It is widely acknowledged that the management of risks associated with chemicals in articles needs to be improved. The EU environmental policy states that environmental damage should be rectified at source. It is therefore motivated that the risk management of substances in articles also takes particular consideration to those substances identified as posing a risk in different environmental compartments. The primary aim of the present study was to empirically analyze to what extent the regulation of chemicals in articles under REACH is coherent with the rules concerning chemicals in the Sewage Sludge Directive (SSD) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). We also analyzed the chemical variation of the organic substances regulated under these legislations in relation to the most heavily used chemicals. The results show that 16 of 24 substances used in or potentially present in articles and regulated by the SSD or the WFD are also identified under REACH either as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) or subject to some restrictions. However, for these substances we conclude that there is limited coherence between the legislations, since the identification as an SVHC does not in itself encompass any use restrictions, and the restrictions in REACH are in many cases limited to a particular use, and thus all other uses are allowed. Only a minor part of chemicals in commerce is regulated and these show a chemical variation that deviates from classical legacy pollutants. This warrants new tools to identify potentially hazardous chemicals in articles. We also noted that chemicals monitored in the environment under the WFD deviate in their chemistry from the ones regulated by REACH. In summary, we argue that to obtain improved resource efficiency and a sustainable development it is necessary to minimize the input of chemicals identified as hazardous to health or the environment into articles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel genes on rat chromosome 10 are linked to body fat mass, preadipocyte number and adipocyte size.

PubMed

Weingarten, A; Turchetti, L; Krohn, K; Klöting, I; Kern, M; Kovacs, P; Stumvoll, M; Blüher, M; Klöting, N

2016-12-01

The genetic architecture of obesity is multifactorial. We have previously identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on rat chromosome 10 in a F2 cross of Wistar Ottawa Karlsburg (WOKW) and Dark Agouti (DA) rats responsible for obesity-related traits. The QTL was confirmed in congenic DA.WOKW10 rats. To pinpoint the region carrying causal genes, we established two new subcongenic lines, L1 and L2, with smaller refined segments of chromosome 10 to identify novel candidate genes. All lines were extensively characterized under different diet conditions. We employed transcriptome analysis in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by RNA-Seq technology to identify potential underlying genes in the segregating regions. Three candidate genes were measured in human paired samples of VAT and subcutaneous (SC) AT (SAT) (N=304) individuals with a wide range of body weight and glucose homeostasis parameters. DA.WOKW and L1 subcongenic lines were protected against body fat gain under high-fat diet (HFD), whereas L2 and DA had significantly more body fat after high-fat feeding. Interestingly, adipocyte size distribution in SAT and epigonadal AT of L1 subcongenic rats did not undergo typical ballooning under HFD and the number of preadipocytes in AT was significantly elevated in L2 compared with L1 and parental rats. Transcriptome analysis identified three candidate genes in VAT on rat chromosome 10. In humans, these candidate genes were differentially expressed between SAT and VAT. Moreover, HID1 mRNA significantly correlates with parameters of obesity and glucose metabolism. Our data suggest novel candidate genes for obesity that map on rat chromosome 10 in an interval 102.2-104.7 Mb and are strongly associated with body fat mass regulation, preadipocyte number and adipocyte size in rats. Among those genes, AT head involution defective (HID1) mRNA expression may be relevant for human fat distribution and glucose homeostasis.

Comparative secretome analysis of rat stomach under different nutritional status.

PubMed

Senin, Lucia L; Roca-Rivada, Arturo; Castelao, Cecilia; Alonso, Jana; Folgueira, Cintia; Casanueva, Felipe F; Pardo, Maria; Seoane, Luisa M

2015-02-26

Obesity is a major public health threat for many industrialised countries. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment against obesity, suggesting that gut derived signals are crucial for energy balance regulation. Several descriptive studies have proven the presence of gastric endogenous systems that modulate energy homeostasis; however, these systems and the interactions between them are still not well known. In the present study, we show for the first time the comparative 2-DE gastric secretome analysis under different nutritional status. We have identified 38 differently secreted proteins by comparing stomach secretomes from tissue explant cultures of rats under feeding, fasting and re-feeding conditions. Among the proteins identified, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to be more abundant in gastric secretome and plasma after re-feeding, and downregulated in obesity. Additionally, two calponin-1 species were decreased in feeding state, and other were modulated by nutritional and metabolic conditions. These and other secreted proteins identified in this work may be considered as potential gastrokines implicated in food intake regulation. The present work has an important impact in the field of obesity, especially in the regulation of body weight maintenance by the stomach. Nowadays, the most effective treatment in the fight against obesity is bariatric surgery, which suggests that stomach derived signals might be crucial for the regulation of the energy homeostasis. However, until now, the knowledge about the gastrokines and its mechanism of action has been poorly elucidated. In the present work, we had updated a previously validated explant secretion model for proteomic studies; this analysis allowed us, for the first time, to study the gastric secretome without interferences from other organs. We had identified 38 differently secreted proteins comparing ex vivo cultured stomachs from rats under feeding, fasting and re-feeding regimes. The results in the present article provide novel targets to study the role of the stomach in body weight and appetite regulation, and suggest new potential therapeutic targets for treating obesity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial patterning in PM2.5 constituents under an inversion-focused sampling design across an urban area of complex terrain

PubMed Central

Tunno, Brett J; Dalton, Rebecca; Michanowicz, Drew R; Shmool, Jessie L C; Kinnee, Ellen; Tripathy, Sheila; Cambal, Leah; Clougherty, Jane E

2016-01-01

Health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) vary by chemical composition, and composition can help to identify key PM2.5 sources across urban areas. Further, this intra-urban spatial variation in concentrations and composition may vary with meteorological conditions (e.g., mixing height). Accordingly, we hypothesized that spatial sampling during atmospheric inversions would help to better identify localized source effects, and reveal more distinct spatial patterns in key constituents. We designed a 2-year monitoring campaign to capture fine-scale intra-urban variability in PM2.5 composition across Pittsburgh, PA, and compared both spatial patterns and source effects during “frequent inversion” hours vs 24-h weeklong averages. Using spatially distributed programmable monitors, and a geographic information systems (GIS)-based design, we collected PM2.5 samples across 37 sampling locations per year to capture variation in local pollution sources (e.g., proximity to industry, traffic density) and terrain (e.g., elevation). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine elemental composition, and unconstrained factor analysis to identify source suites by sampling scheme and season. We examined spatial patterning in source factors using land use regression (LUR), wherein GIS-based source indicators served to corroborate factor interpretations. Under both summer sampling regimes, and for winter inversion-focused sampling, we identified six source factors, characterized by tracers associated with brake and tire wear, steel-making, soil and road dust, coal, diesel exhaust, and vehicular emissions. For winter 24-h samples, four factors suggested traffic/fuel oil, traffic emissions, coal/industry, and steel-making sources. In LURs, as hypothesized, GIS-based source terms better explained spatial variability in inversion-focused samples, including a greater contribution from roadway, steel, and coal-related sources. Factor analysis produced source-related constituent suites under both sampling designs, though factors were more distinct under inversion-focused sampling. PMID:26507005

75 FR 31843 - Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Waste

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

...On January 2, 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the Agency) issued an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) to solicit comment on which non-hazardous secondary materials that are used as fuels or ingredients in combustion units are solid wastes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The meaning of ``solid waste'' as defined under RCRA is of particular importance since it will determine whether a combustion unit is required to meet emissions standards for solid waste incineration units issued under section 129 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) or emissions standards for commercial, industrial, and institutional boilers issued under CAA section 112. CAA section 129 states that the term ``solid waste'' shall have the meaning ``established by the Administrator pursuant to [RCRA].'' EPA is proposing a definition of non-hazardous solid waste that would be used to identify whether non-hazardous secondary materials burned as fuels or used as ingredients in combustion units are solid waste. EPA is also proposing that non-hazardous secondary materials that have been discarded, and are therefore solid wastes, may be rendered products after they have been processed (altered chemically or physically) into a fuel or ingredient product. This proposed rule is necessary to identify units for the purpose of developing certain standards under sections 112 and 129 of the CAA. In addition to this proposed rule, EPA is concurrently proposing air emission requirements under CAA section 112 for industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters, as well as air emission requirements under CAA section 129 for commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units.

Association of parameniscal cysts with underlying meniscal tears as identified on MRI and arthroscopy.

PubMed

De Smet, Arthur A; Graf, Ben K; del Rio, Alejandro Munoz

2011-02-01

Although patients with parameniscal cysts usually have underlying meniscal tears, we noted that this association was less common with anterior lateral cysts. We wished to determine whether the frequency of a meniscal tear underlying a parameniscal cyst varied with cyst location. We reviewed a database of 7,771 knee MR examinations and identified 134 patients with an MR diagnosis of 138 parameniscal cysts and correlative arthroscopy in 78 patients. We reviewed their medical records and MR studies to determine the location of the cysts and presence of an underlying meniscal tear as determined by MRI or arthroscopy. There were 50 lateral and 88 medial parameniscal cysts. Medial meniscal tears were found underlying a cyst in 96% of arthroscopy patients and 86% of patients who had only MR examinations without a location difference in tears (p = 0.68). Meniscal tears were found on MRI or arthroscopy in all 28 patients with a lateral cyst overlying the body or posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, whereas a tear was found on MRI or arthroscopy in only 14 (64%) of 22 patients with cysts adjacent to or extending to the lateral meniscus anterior horn (p = 0.006). Anterior lateral cysts extended medially either into the root or into Hoffa fat-pad, but the type of extension did not correlate with the presence of an underlying meniscal tear. In contrast to medial parameniscal cysts or cysts at other locations adjacent to the lateral meniscus, anteriorly located lateral parameniscal cysts are less likely to have underlying meniscal tears.

Favorable Alleles for Stem Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Identified by Association Analysis Contribute to Grain Weight under Drought Stress Conditions in Wheat

PubMed Central

Li, Runzhi; Chang, Xiaoping; Jing, Ruilian

2015-01-01

Drought is a major environmental constraint to crop distribution and productivity. Stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) buffer wheat grain yield against conditions unfavorable for photosynthesis during the grain filling stage. In this study, 262 winter wheat accessions and 209 genome-wide SSR markers were collected and used to undertake association analysis based on a mixed linear model (MLM). The WSC in different internodes at three growth stages and 1000-grain weight (TGW) were investigated under four environmental regimes (well-watered, drought stress during the whole growth period, and two levels of terminal drought stress imposed by chemical desiccation under the well-watered and drought stress during the whole growth period conditions). Under diverse drought stress conditions, WSC in lower internodes showed significant positive correlations with TGW, especially at the flowering stage under well-watered conditions and at grain filling under drought stress. Sixteen novel WSC-favorable alleles were identified, and five of them contributed to significantly higher TGW. In addition, pyramiding WSC favorable alleles was not only effective for obtaining accessions with higher WSC, but also for enhancing TGW under different water regimes. During the past fifty years of wheat breeding, WSC was selected incidentally. The average number of favorable WSC alleles increased from 1.13 in the pre-1960 period to 4.41 in the post-2000 period. The results indicate a high potential for using marker-assisted selection to pyramid WSC favorable alleles in improving WSC and TGW in wheat. PMID:25768726

Maxent modeling for predicting the potential geographical distribution of two peony species under climate change.

PubMed

Zhang, Keliang; Yao, Linjun; Meng, Jiasong; Tao, Jun

2018-09-01

Paeonia (Paeoniaceae), an economically important plant genus, includes many popular ornamentals and medicinal plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine. Little is known about the properties of the habitat distribution and the important eco-environmental factors shaping the suitability. Based on high-resolution environmental data for current and future climate scenarios, we modeled the present and future suitable habitat for P. delavayi and P. rockii by Maxent, evaluated the importance of environmental factors in shaping their distribution, and identified distribution shifts under climate change scenarios. The results showed that the moderate and high suitable areas for P. delavayi and P. rockii encompassed ca. 4.46×10 5 km 2 and 1.89×10 5 km 2 , respectively. Temperature seasonality and isothermality were identified as the most critical factors shaping P. delavayi distribution, and UVB-4 and annual precipitation were identified as the most critical for shaping P. rockii distribution. Under the scenario with a low concentration of greenhouse gas emissions (RCP2.6), the range of both species increased as global warming intensified; however, under the scenario with higher concentrations of emissions (RCP8.5), the suitable habitat range of P. delavayi decreased while P. rockii increased. Overall, our prediction showed that a shift in distribution of suitable habitat to higher elevations would gradually become more significant. The information gained from this study should provide a useful reference for implementing long-term conservation and management strategies for these species. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

[Detection of underlying causes of death among the deceased of Yusho patients by linkage to the national vital statistics data].

PubMed

Kaneko, S; Yoshimura, T; Ikeda, M; Nishisaka, K

2001-05-01

As of January 31, 1996, 292 deaths among registered patients of Yusho were identified by three follow-up studies conducted in 1986, 1990, and 1996. In this study, we attempted to identify underlying causes of death by linkage of the registered data to the National Vital Statistics Data provided by the Management and Coordination Agency of Japan, which included 15 million deaths between 1978 and 1996. The two datasets were linked by matching for six variables; birth year/month/day, death year/month, and sex, along with a variable of death day or death place, or both. The matched cases were 203 among 235 deaths between 1978 and 1996 (matching rate was 86%). Among the 203 deaths, 58 underlying causes of death were newly identified, 146 causes of death were already grasped by the follow-up studies, and 31 deaths did not have matching pair in the National Vital Statistics data. Among the 146 deaths, 110 causes of death were concordant with each other, however, 35 causes of death were completely discord. The reason of the discordance and the unmatched deaths might be due to difference in information of the matching variables in the two datasets. In order to conduct an efficient follow-up study of Yusho patients, identification of underlying causes of death by linkage to the National Vital Statistics Date is evitable. For that, we need to substitute basic information in the Yusho database to those compatible to the National civil registration system.

Development of a novel scoring system for identifying emerging chemical risks in the food chain.

PubMed

Oltmanns, J; Licht, O; Bitsch, A; Bohlen, M-L; Escher, S E; Silano, V; MacLeod, M; Serafimova, R; Kass, G E N; Merten, C

2018-02-21

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is responsible for risk assessment of all aspects of food safety, including the establishment of procedures aimed at the identification of emerging risks to food safety. Here, a scoring system was developed for identifying chemicals registered under the European REACH Regulation that could be of potential concern in the food chain using the following parameters: (i) environmental release based on maximum aggregated tonnages and environmental release categories; (ii) biodegradation in the environment; (iii) bioaccumulation and in vivo and in vitro toxicity. The screening approach was tested on 100 data-rich chemicals registered under the REACH Regulation at aggregated volumes of at least 1000 tonnes per annum. The results show that substance-specific data generated under the REACH Regulation can be used to identify potential emerging risks in the food chain. After application of the screening procedure, priority chemicals can be identified as potentially emerging risk chemicals through the integration of exposure, environmental fate and toxicity. The default approach is to generate a single total score for each substance using a predefined weighting scenario. However, it is also possible to use a pivot table approach to combine the individual scores in different ways that reflect user-defined priorities, which enables a very flexible, iterative definition of screening criteria. Possible applications of the approaches are discussed using illustrative examples. Either approach can then be followed by in-depth evaluation of priority substances to ensure the identification of substances that present a real emerging chemical risk in the food chain.

Evaluation of macrocytosis in routine hemograms.

PubMed

Veda, P

2013-03-01

Macrocytosis, a condition in which erythrocytes are larger than normal manifests as an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) more than 100 fl. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying causes of macrocytosis, detected in routine hemograms and to evaluate the hematological features in different etiologies. This study included 178 adult patients whose detailed medical history was recorded, and Vitamin B12 assay, folate assay, thyroid function tests, liver function tests, complete blood counts and peripheral smear evaluation was performed. Alcoholism was identified as the etiological factor in 65 cases (36.5%), Vitamin B12 deficiency in 43 cases (24.1%) and drug related in 23 cases (12.9%). These three conditions accounted for 73.6% of macrocytosis. Other causes identified were folate deficiency, liver disease, Myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic renal failure and Aplastic anemia. In 41 cases, the cause of macrocytosis could not be explained. Anemia was observed in 95 cases (53.3%) being most common in Vitamin B12 deficiency. 9 cases (20.9%) of Vitamin B12 deficiency presented with isolated macrocytosis without anemia. It was observed that mean hemoglobin was lower and red cell distribution width (RDW) higher in megaloblastic conditions. Peripheral smear revealed hypersegmented neutrophils in 86% and macro-ovalocytes in 72% of the megaloblastic cases. Complete medical history, red cell parameters and peripheral blood smear are simple, inexpensive tools which assist in identifying the underlying cause of macrocytosis, particularly in resource limited settings. Macrocytosis needs to be evaluated even in the absence of anemia, as it may be the first clue to an underlying pathology.

Discrimination of germline V genes at different sequencing lengths and mutational burdens: A new tool for identifying and evaluating the reliability of V gene assignment.

PubMed

Zhang, Bochao; Meng, Wenzhao; Prak, Eline T Luning; Hershberg, Uri

2015-12-01

Immune repertoires are collections of lymphocytes that express diverse antigen receptor gene rearrangements consisting of Variable (V), (Diversity (D) in the case of heavy chains) and Joining (J) gene segments. Clonally related cells typically share the same germline gene segments and have highly similar junctional sequences within their third complementarity determining regions. Identifying clonal relatedness of sequences is a key step in the analysis of immune repertoires. The V gene is the most important for clone identification because it has the longest sequence and the greatest number of sequence variants. However, accurate identification of a clone's germline V gene source is challenging because there is a high degree of similarity between different germline V genes. This difficulty is compounded in antibodies, which can undergo somatic hypermutation. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing experiments often generate partial sequences and have significant error rates. To address these issues, we describe a novel method to estimate which germline V genes (or alleles) cannot be discriminated under different conditions (read lengths, sequencing errors or somatic hypermutation frequencies). Starting with any set of germline V genes, this method measures their similarity using different sequencing lengths and calculates their likelihood of unambiguous assignment under different levels of mutation. Hence, one can identify, under different experimental and biological conditions, the germline V genes (or alleles) that cannot be uniquely identified and bundle them together into groups of specific V genes with highly similar sequences. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The search for loci under selection: trends, biases and progress.

PubMed

Ahrens, Collin W; Rymer, Paul D; Stow, Adam; Bragg, Jason; Dillon, Shannon; Umbers, Kate D L; Dudaniec, Rachael Y

2018-03-01

Detecting genetic variants under selection using F ST outlier analysis (OA) and environmental association analyses (EAAs) are popular approaches that provide insight into the genetic basis of local adaptation. Despite the frequent use of OA and EAA approaches and their increasing attractiveness for detecting signatures of selection, their application to field-based empirical data have not been synthesized. Here, we review 66 empirical studies that use Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in OA and EAA. We report trends and biases across biological systems, sequencing methods, approaches, parameters, environmental variables and their influence on detecting signatures of selection. We found striking variability in both the use and reporting of environmental data and statistical parameters. For example, linkage disequilibrium among SNPs and numbers of unique SNP associations identified with EAA were rarely reported. The proportion of putatively adaptive SNPs detected varied widely among studies, and decreased with the number of SNPs analysed. We found that genomic sampling effort had a greater impact than biological sampling effort on the proportion of identified SNPs under selection. OA identified a higher proportion of outliers when more individuals were sampled, but this was not the case for EAA. To facilitate repeatability, interpretation and synthesis of studies detecting selection, we recommend that future studies consistently report geographical coordinates, environmental data, model parameters, linkage disequilibrium, and measures of genetic structure. Identifying standards for how OA and EAA studies are designed and reported will aid future transparency and comparability of SNP-based selection studies and help to progress landscape and evolutionary genomics. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolic Profiling Reveals Growth Mode Dependent Differential Metabolism and Multiple Catabolic Pathways of l-Phenylalanine in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2.

PubMed

Mekala, Lakshmi Prasuna; Mohammed, Mujahid; Chintalapati, Sasikala; Chintalapati, Venkata Ramana

2018-01-05

Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are metabolically versatile and survive under different growth modes using diverse organic compounds, yet their metabolic diversity is largely unexplored. In the present study, we employed stable-isotope-assisted metabolic profiling to unravel the l-phenylalanine catabolism in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 under varying growth modes. Strain JA2 grows under anaerobic and aerobic conditions by utilizing l-phenylalanine as a nitrogen source. Furthermore, ring-labeled 13 C 6 -phenylalanine feeding followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry exometabolite profiling revealed 60 labeled metabolic features (M + 6, M + 12, and M + 18) derived solely from l-phenylalanine, of which 11 were identified, 7 putatively identified, and 42 unidentified under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. However, labeled metabolites were significantly higher in aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, detected metabolites and enzyme activities indicated multiple l-phenylalanine catabolic routes mainly Ehrlich, homogentisate-dependent melanin, benzenoid, and unidentified pathways operating under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in strain JA2. Interestingly, the study indicated l-phenylalanine-dependent and independent benzenoid biosynthesis in strain JA2 and a differential flux of l-phenylalanine to Ehrlich and benzenoid pathways under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Additionally, unidentified labeled metabolites strongly suggest the presence of unknown phenylalanine catabolic routes in strain JA2. Overall, the study uncovered the l-phenylalanine catabolic diversity in strain JA2 and demonstrated the potential of stable isotope-assisted metabolomics in unraveling the hidden metabolic repertoire.

Effects of a Blacklight Visual Field on Eye-Contact Training of Spastic Cerebral Palsied Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poland, D. J.; Doebler, L, K.

1980-01-01

Four subjects, aged six to seven, identified as visually impaired, were given training in making eye contact with a stimulus under both white and black light visual field. All subjects performed better under the black light condition, even overcoming the expected practice effect when white light training followed black light training. (Author/SJL)

The "Red Flags" for Child Find under the IDEA: Separating the Law from the Lore

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zirkel, Perry A.

2015-01-01

A comprehensive search identified 42 court decisions from late 1996 to early 2014 concerning the primary modern meaning of child find under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)--whether the district had reasonable suspicion of eligibility and yet did not evaluate the child. The findings from a systematic analysis of these court…

76 FR 66235 - Bar Code Technologies for Drugs and Biological Products; Retrospective Review Under Executive...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

... costs and benefits of the rule and to identify any relevant changes in technology that have occurred... access to care; Whether the public health benefits of an action have been realized; Whether the public or... reviewing under E.O. 13563 is the Bar Code Final Rule. The Agency plans to reassess its costs and benefits...

Language Policy-Making in the Free State: An Analysis of Language Policy Activities between 1994 and 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathebula, Nikiwe; du Plessis, Theodorus

2010-01-01

This paper critically describes the process of language policy-making in the Free State province of South Africa since 1994, based on an adapted version of the "streams approach" to policy-making. Three policy-making phases are identified, namely a first phase under the Free State Provincial Language Committee; a second phase under the…

75 FR 37187 - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Preexisting Condition Exclusions, Lifetime and Annual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... 147.108) generally apply for plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2014, except that in the case... the case of enrollees who are under 19 years of age, these interim final regulations under PHS Act... to the Department of Labor, identified by RIN 1210-AB43, by one of the following methods: Federal e...

49 CFR 579.6 - Address for submitting reports and other information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., submissions under subpart B of this part must be submitted to [email protected]gov and submissions under § 579.5 must be submitted to [email protected]gov. (b)(1) Information, documents and reports that are submitted to NHTSA... identified on NHTSA's Web page http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/ewr/ewr.cfm. A manufacturer shall use the...

34 CFR 222.73 - How does the Secretary determine a maximum payment for local educational agencies that are...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Additional Assistance for Heavily Impacted Local Educational Agencies Under Section 8003(f) of the Act § 222.73 How does... geographical factors identified under § 222.64(b)(2), but no more than is necessary to allow the applicant to...

34 CFR 222.73 - How does the Secretary determine a maximum payment for local educational agencies that are...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Additional Assistance for Heavily Impacted Local Educational Agencies Under Section 8003(f) of the Act § 222.73 How does... geographical factors identified under § 222.64(b)(2), but no more than is necessary to allow the applicant to...

34 CFR 222.73 - How does the Secretary determine a maximum payment for local educational agencies that are...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IMPACT AID PROGRAMS Additional Assistance for Heavily Impacted Local Educational Agencies Under Section 8003(f) of the Act § 222.73 How does... geographical factors identified under § 222.64(b)(2), but no more than is necessary to allow the applicant to...

76 FR 63980 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-14

... individual underlying stocks) that comprise a particular ETF, HOLDR or index. Any such proposal would be the... Exchange would identify the particular underlying security--or with respect to ETF(s), HOLDRS(s), and index... include related ETF(s), HOLDRS(s), and/or index value(s),\\9\\ and/or related futures product(s),\\10\\ and...

Decision Making Under Uncertainty

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-01

A sound approach to rational decision making requires a decision maker to establish decision objectives, identify alternatives, and evaluate those...often violate the axioms of rationality when making decisions under uncertainty. The systematic description of such observations may lead to the...which leads to “anchoring” on the initial value. The fact that individuals have been shown to deviate from rationality when making decisions

77 FR 76356 - Privacy of Consumer Financial Information Under Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-28

... Under Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act CFR Correction In Title 17 of the Code of Federal...). (2) Title. (3) Key frame (Why?, What?, How?). (4) Disclosure table (``Reasons we can share your... financial institution provides the model form and that institution is clearly identified in the title on...

Revisions to Rationality: The Translation of "New Knowledges" into Policy under the Coalition Government

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGimpsey, Ian; Bradbury, Alice; Santori, Diego

2017-01-01

This article gives an account of the use of knowledges from emerging scientific fields in education and youth policy making under the Coalition government (2010-15) in the UK. We identify a common process of "translation" and offer three illustrations of policy-making in the UK that utilise diverse knowledges produced in academic fields…

A summary of major NASA launches, 1 October 1958 - 31 December 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jarrett, F.

1980-01-01

Major NASA launches conducted under the direction of the John F. Kennedy Space Center (or its precursors) are listed within broad categories. Individual launches are summarized in chronological order under each category. The mission name, launch date/time, launch vehicle, NASA code, and site/pad are identified as well as the degree of success of the mission.

Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection

PubMed Central

Pardiñas, Antonio F.; Holmans, Peter; Pocklington, Andrew J.; Escott-Price, Valentina; Ripke, Stephan; Carrera, Noa; Legge, Sophie E.; Bishop, Sophie; Cameron, Darren; Hamshere, Marian L.; Han, Jun; Hubbard, Leon; Lynham, Amy; Mantripragada, Kiran; Rees, Elliott; MacCabe, James H.; McCarroll, Steven A.; Baune, Bernhard T.; Breen, Gerome; Byrne, Enda M.; Dannlowski, Udo; Eley, Thalia C.; Hayward, Caroline; Martin, Nicholas G.; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Plomin, Robert; Porteous, David J.; Wray, Naomi R.; Caballero, Armando; Geschwind, Daniel H.; Huckins, Laura M.; Ruderfer, Douglas M.; Santiago, Enrique; Sklar, Pamela; Stahl, Eli A.; Won, Hyejung; Agerbo, Esben; Als, Thomas D.; Andreassen, Ole A.; Bækvad-Hansen, Marie; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker; Børglum, Anders D.; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas; Djurovic, Srdjan; Durmishi, Naser; Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz; Golimbet, Vera; Grove, Jakob; Hougaard, David M.; Mattheisen, Manuel; Molden, Espen; Mors, Ole; Nordentoft, Merete; Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica; Sigurdsson, Engilbert; Silagadze, Teimuraz; Hansen, Christine Søholm; Stefansson, Kari; Stefansson, Hreinn; Steinberg, Stacy; Tosato, Sarah; Werge, Thomas; Collier, David A.; Rujescu, Dan; Kirov, George; Owen, Michael J.; O’Donovan, Michael C.; Walters, James T. R.

2018-01-01

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide insights. We report a new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls), and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci in total. Through integrating genomic fine-mapping with brain expression and chromosome conformation data, we identify candidate causal genes within 33 loci. We also show for the first time that the common variant association signal is highly enriched among genes that are under strong selective pressures. These findings provide new insights into the biology and genetic architecture of schizophrenia, highlight the importance of mutation-intolerant genes and suggest a mechanism by which common risk variants persist in the population. PMID:29483656

A generalized fuzzy linear programming approach for environmental management problem under uncertainty.

PubMed

Fan, Yurui; Huang, Guohe; Veawab, Amornvadee

2012-01-01

In this study, a generalized fuzzy linear programming (GFLP) method was developed to deal with uncertainties expressed as fuzzy sets that exist in the constraints and objective function. A stepwise interactive algorithm (SIA) was advanced to solve GFLP model and generate solutions expressed as fuzzy sets. To demonstrate its application, the developed GFLP method was applied to a regional sulfur dioxide (SO2) control planning model to identify effective SO2 mitigation polices with a minimized system performance cost under uncertainty. The results were obtained to represent the amount of SO2 allocated to different control measures from different sources. Compared with the conventional interval-parameter linear programming (ILP) approach, the solutions obtained through GFLP were expressed as fuzzy sets, which can provide intervals for the decision variables and objective function, as well as related possibilities. Therefore, the decision makers can make a tradeoff between model stability and the plausibility based on solutions obtained through GFLP and then identify desired policies for SO2-emission control under uncertainty.

Region-confined restoration method for motion-blurred star image of the star sensor under dynamic conditions.

PubMed

Ma, Liheng; Bernelli-Zazzera, Franco; Jiang, Guangwen; Wang, Xingshu; Huang, Zongsheng; Qin, Shiqiao

2016-06-10

Under dynamic conditions, the centroiding accuracy of the motion-blurred star image decreases and the number of identified stars reduces, which leads to the degradation of the attitude accuracy of the star sensor. To improve the attitude accuracy, a region-confined restoration method, which concentrates on the noise removal and signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement of the motion-blurred star images, is proposed for the star sensor under dynamic conditions. A multi-seed-region growing technique with the kinematic recursive model for star image motion is given to find the star image regions and to remove the noise. Subsequently, a restoration strategy is employed in the extracted regions, taking the time consumption and SNR improvement into consideration simultaneously. Simulation results indicate that the region-confined restoration method is effective in removing noise and improving the centroiding accuracy. The identification rate and the average number of identified stars in the experiments verify the advantages of the region-confined restoration method.

LCD denoise and the vector mutual information method in the application of the gear fault diagnosis under different working conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiangfeng, Zhang; Hong, Jiang

2018-03-01

In this paper, the full vector LCD method is proposed to solve the misjudgment problem caused by the change of the working condition. First, the signal from different working condition is decomposed by LCD, to obtain the Intrinsic Scale Component (ISC)whose instantaneous frequency with physical significance. Then, calculate of the cross correlation coefficient between ISC and the original signal, signal denoising based on the principle of mutual information minimum. At last, calculate the sum of absolute Vector mutual information of the sample under different working condition and the denoised ISC as the characteristics to classify by use of Support vector machine (SVM). The wind turbines vibration platform gear box experiment proves that this method can identify fault characteristics under different working conditions. The advantage of this method is that it reduce dependence of man’s subjective experience, identify fault directly from the original data of vibration signal. It will has high engineering value.

Genome sequencing reveals loci under artificial selection that underlie disease phenotypes in the laboratory rat.

PubMed

Atanur, Santosh S; Diaz, Ana Garcia; Maratou, Klio; Sarkis, Allison; Rotival, Maxime; Game, Laurence; Tschannen, Michael R; Kaisaki, Pamela J; Otto, Georg W; Ma, Man Chun John; Keane, Thomas M; Hummel, Oliver; Saar, Kathrin; Chen, Wei; Guryev, Victor; Gopalakrishnan, Kathirvel; Garrett, Michael R; Joe, Bina; Citterio, Lorena; Bianchi, Giuseppe; McBride, Martin; Dominiczak, Anna; Adams, David J; Serikawa, Tadao; Flicek, Paul; Cuppen, Edwin; Hubner, Norbert; Petretto, Enrico; Gauguier, Dominique; Kwitek, Anne; Jacob, Howard; Aitman, Timothy J

2013-08-01

Large numbers of inbred laboratory rat strains have been developed for a range of complex disease phenotypes. To gain insights into the evolutionary pressures underlying selection for these phenotypes, we sequenced the genomes of 27 rat strains, including 11 models of hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance, along with their respective control strains. Altogether, we identified more than 13 million single-nucleotide variants, indels, and structural variants across these rat strains. Analysis of strain-specific selective sweeps and gene clusters implicated genes and pathways involved in cation transport, angiotensin production, and regulators of oxidative stress in the development of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in rats. Many of the rat loci that we identified overlap with previously mapped loci for related traits in humans, indicating the presence of shared pathways underlying these phenotypes in rats and humans. These data represent a step change in resources available for evolutionary analysis of complex traits in disease models. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sirt3 promotes the urea cycle and fatty acid oxidation during dietary restriction

PubMed Central

Hallows, William C.; Yu, Wei; Smith, Brian C.; Devries, Mark K.; Ellinger, James J.; Someya, Shinichi; Shortreed, Michael R.; Prolla, Tomas; Markley, John L.; Smith, Lloyd M.; Zhao, Shimin; Guan, Kun-Liang; Denu, John M.

2011-01-01

Summary Emerging evidence suggests that protein acetylation is a broad-ranging regulatory mechanism. Here we utilize acetyl-peptide arrays and metabolomic analyses to identify substrates of mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3. We identified ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) from the urea cycle, and enzymes involved in β-oxidation. Metabolomic analyses of fasted mice lacking Sirt3 (sirt3−/−) revealed alterations in β-oxidation and the urea cycle. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that Sirt3 directly deacetylates OTC and stimulates its activity. Mice under caloric restriction (CR) increased Sirt3 protein levels, leading to deacetylation and stimulation of OTC activity. In contrast, sirt3−/− mice failed to deacetylate OTC in response to CR. Inability to stimulate OTC under CR led to a failure to reduce orotic acid levels, a known outcome of OTC deficiency. Thus, Sirt3 directly regulates OTC activity and promotes the urea cycle during CR, and the results suggest that under low energy input, Sirt3 modulates mitochondria by promoting amino-acid catabolism and β-oxidation. PMID:21255725

Identification of crude-oil components and microorganisms that cause souring under anaerobic conditions.

PubMed

Hasegawa, R; Toyama, K; Miyanaga, K; Tanji, Y

2014-02-01

Oil souring has important implications with respect to energy resources. Understanding the physiology of the microorganisms that play a role and the biological mechanisms are both important for the maintenance of infrastructure and mitigation of corrosion processes. The objective of this study was to identify crude-oil components and microorganisms in oil-field water that contribute to crude-oil souring. To identify the crude-oil components and microorganisms that are responsible for anaerobic souring in oil reservoirs, biological conversion of crude-oil components under anaerobic conditions was investigated. Microorganisms in oil field water in Akita, Japan degraded alkanes and aromatics to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under anaerobic conditions, and fermenting bacteria such as Fusibacter sp. were involved in VFA production. Aromatics such as toluene and ethylbenzene were degraded by sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfotignum sp.) via the fumarate-addition pathway and not only degradation of VFA but also degradation of aromatics by sulfate-reducing bacteria was the cause of souring. Naphthenic acid and 2,4-xylenol were not converted.

Neural correlates of value, risk, and risk aversion contributing to decision making under risk.

PubMed

Christopoulos, George I; Tobler, Philippe N; Bossaerts, Peter; Dolan, Raymond J; Schultz, Wolfram

2009-10-07

Decision making under risk is central to human behavior. Economic decision theory suggests that value, risk, and risk aversion influence choice behavior. Although previous studies identified neural correlates of decision parameters, the contribution of these correlates to actual choices is unknown. In two different experiments, participants chose between risky and safe options. We identified discrete blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) correlates of value and risk in the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate, respectively. Notably, increasing inferior frontal gyrus activity to low risk and safe options correlated with higher risk aversion. Importantly, the combination of these BOLD responses effectively decoded the behavioral choice. Striatal value and cingulate risk responses increased the probability of a risky choice, whereas inferior frontal gyrus responses showed the inverse relationship. These findings suggest that the BOLD correlates of decision factors are appropriate for an ideal observer to detect behavioral choices. More generally, these biological data contribute to the validity of the theoretical decision parameters for actual decisions under risk.

Genome Sequencing Reveals Loci under Artificial Selection that Underlie Disease Phenotypes in the Laboratory Rat

PubMed Central

Atanur, Santosh S.; Diaz, Ana Garcia; Maratou, Klio; Sarkis, Allison; Rotival, Maxime; Game, Laurence; Tschannen, Michael R.; Kaisaki, Pamela J.; Otto, Georg W.; Ma, Man Chun John; Keane, Thomas M.; Hummel, Oliver; Saar, Kathrin; Chen, Wei; Guryev, Victor; Gopalakrishnan, Kathirvel; Garrett, Michael R.; Joe, Bina; Citterio, Lorena; Bianchi, Giuseppe; McBride, Martin; Dominiczak, Anna; Adams, David J.; Serikawa, Tadao; Flicek, Paul; Cuppen, Edwin; Hubner, Norbert; Petretto, Enrico; Gauguier, Dominique; Kwitek, Anne; Jacob, Howard; Aitman, Timothy J.

2013-01-01

Summary Large numbers of inbred laboratory rat strains have been developed for a range of complex disease phenotypes. To gain insights into the evolutionary pressures underlying selection for these phenotypes, we sequenced the genomes of 27 rat strains, including 11 models of hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance, along with their respective control strains. Altogether, we identified more than 13 million single-nucleotide variants, indels, and structural variants across these rat strains. Analysis of strain-specific selective sweeps and gene clusters implicated genes and pathways involved in cation transport, angiotensin production, and regulators of oxidative stress in the development of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in rats. Many of the rat loci that we identified overlap with previously mapped loci for related traits in humans, indicating the presence of shared pathways underlying these phenotypes in rats and humans. These data represent a step change in resources available for evolutionary analysis of complex traits in disease models. PaperClip PMID:23890820

The skylight gradient of luminance helps sandhoppers in sun and moon identification.

PubMed

Ugolini, Alberto; Galanti, Giuditta; Mercatelli, Luca

2012-08-15

To return to the ecologically optimal zone of the beach, the sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Montagu) maintains a constant sea-land direction based on the sun and moon compasses. In this study, we investigated the role of the skylight gradient of luminance in sun and moon identification under natural and artificial conditions of illumination. Clock-shifted (inverted) sandhoppers tested under the sun (during their subjective night) and under the full moon (during their subjective day) exhibit orientation in accordance with correct identification of the sun and the moon at night. Tested in artificial conditions of illumination at night without the artificial gradient of luminance, the artificial astronomical cue is identified as the moon even when the conditions of illumination allow sun compass orientation during the day. When the artificial gradient of luminance is added, the artificial astronomical cue is identified as the sun. The role of the sky gradient of luminance in sun and moon identification is discussed on the basis of present and past findings.

Selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression studies in Trichoderma afroharzianum LTR-2 under oxalic acid stress.

PubMed

Lyu, Yuping; Wu, Xiaoqing; Ren, He; Zhou, Fangyuan; Zhou, Hongzi; Zhang, Xinjian; Yang, Hetong

2017-10-01

An appropriate reference gene is required to get reliable results from gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In order to identify stable and reliable reference genes in Trichoderma afroharzianum under oxalic acid (OA) stress, six commonly used housekeeping genes, i.e., elongation factor 1, ubiquitin, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, α-tubulin, actin, from the effective biocontrol isolate T. afroharzianum strain LTR-2 were tested for their expression during growth in liquid culture amended with OA. Four in silico programs (comparative ΔCt, NormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate the expression stabilities of six candidate reference genes. The elongation factor 1 gene EF-1 was identified as the most stably expressed reference gene, and was used as the normalizer to quantify the expression level of the oxalate decarboxylase coding gene OXDC in T. afroharzianum strain LTR-2 under OA stress. The result showed that the expression of OXDC was significantly up-regulated as expected. This study provides an effective method to quantify expression changes of target genes in T. afroharzianum under OA stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Active tuberculosis patients have high levels of IgA anti-alpha-crystallin and isocitrate lyase proteins.

PubMed

Talavera-Paulín, M; García-Morales, L; Ruíz-Sánchez, B P; Caamal-Ley, Á D; Hernández-Solis, A; Ramírez-Casanova, E; Cicero-Sabido, R; Espitia, C; Helguera-Repetto, C; González-Y-Merchand, J A; Flores-Mejía, R; Estrada-Parra, S; Estrada-García, I; Chacón-Salinas, R; Wong-Baeza, I; Serafín-López, J

2016-12-01

Mexico City, Mexico. To identify proteins synthetised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hypoxic culture, which resemble more closely a granuloma environment than aerobic culture, and to determine if they are recognised by antibodies from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Soluble extracts from M. tuberculosis H37Rv cultured under aerobic or hypoxic conditions were analysed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and proteins over-expressed under hypoxia were identified by mass spectrometry. The presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM antibodies against these proteins was determined in the serum of 42 patients with active PTB and 42 healthy controls. We selected three M. tuberculosis H37Rv proteins (alpha-crystallin protein [Acr, Rv2031c], universal stress protein Rv2623 and isocitrate lyase [ICL, RV0467]) that were over-expressed under hypoxia. Titres of anti-Acr and anti-ICL IgA antibodies were higher in patients than in healthy controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 for anti-ICL IgA antibodies. ICL could be used in combination with other M. tuberculosis antigens to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current serological TB diagnostic methods.

Enhancing Contents of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Other Micronutrients in Dehulled Rice during Germination under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions.

PubMed

Ding, Junzhou; Yang, Tewu; Feng, Hao; Dong, Mengyi; Slavin, Margaret; Xiong, Shanbai; Zhao, Siming

2016-02-10

Biofortification of staple grains with high contents of essential micronutrients is an important strategy to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. However, few attempts have targeted at γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a functional nutrient for aging populations. In this study, two rice cultivars, Heinuo and Xianhui 207, were used to investigate changes in GABA and other nutritional compounds of dehulled rice after germination under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Forty-one metabolites were identified in both cultivars treated by normoxic germination, whereas the germinated dehulled rice of Heinuo and Xianhui 207 under hypoxic treatment had 43 and 41 metabolites identified, respectively. GABA increased in dehulled rice after germination, especially under hypoxia. Meanwhile, a number of other health-beneficial and/or flavor-related compounds such as lysine and d-mannose increased after the hypoxic treatment. The accumulation of GABA exhibited genotype-specific modes in both normoxic and hypoxic treatments. With regard to GABA production, Xianhui 207 was more responsive to the germination process than Heinuo, whereas Heinuo was more responsive to hypoxia than Xianhui 207. This study provides a promising approach to biofortify dehulled rice with increased GABA and other nutrients through metabolomic-based regulation.

Transcriptional Profiling of Hypoxic Neural Stem Cells Identifies Calcineurin-NFATc4 Signaling as a Major Regulator of Neural Stem Cell Biology

PubMed Central

Moreno, Marta; Fernández, Virginia; Monllau, Josep M.; Borrell, Víctor; Lerin, Carles; de la Iglesia, Núria

2015-01-01

Summary Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in a hypoxic microenvironment within the brain. However, the crucial transcription factors (TFs) that regulate NSC biology under physiologic hypoxia are poorly understood. Here we have performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of microarray datasets from hypoxic versus normoxic NSCs with the aim of identifying pathways and TFs that are activated under oxygen concentrations mimicking normal brain tissue microenvironment. Integration of TF target (TFT) and pathway enrichment analysis identified the calcium-regulated TF NFATc4 as a major candidate to regulate hypoxic NSC functions. Nfatc4 expression was coordinately upregulated by top hypoxia-activated TFs, while NFATc4 target genes were enriched in hypoxic NSCs. Loss-of-function analyses further revealed that the calcineurin-NFATc4 signaling axis acts as a major regulator of NSC self-renewal and proliferation in vitro and in vivo by promoting the expression of TFs, including Id2, that contribute to the maintenance of the NSC state. PMID:26235896

Land use maps of the Tanana and Purcell Mountain areas, Alaska, based on Earth Resources Technology Satellite imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, J. H. (Principal Investigator)

1974-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS imagery in photographic format was used to make land use maps of two areas of special interest to native corporations under terms of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. Land selections are to be made in these areas, and the maps should facilitate decisions because of their comprehensive presentation of resource distribution information. The ERTS images enabled mapping broadly-defined land use classes in large areas in a comparatively short time. Some aerial photography was used to identify colors and shades of gray on the various images. The 14 mapped land use categories are identified according to the classification system under development by the U.S. Geological Survey. These maps exemplify a series of about a dozen diverse Alaskan areas. The principal resource depicted is vegetation, and clearly shown are vegetation units of special importance, including stands possibly containing trees of commercial grade and stands constituting wildlife habitat.

Genome-wide identification of conserved microRNA and their response to drought stress in Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.).

PubMed

Zhang, Fantao; Luo, Xiangdong; Zhou, Yi; Xie, Jiankun

2016-04-01

To identify drought stress-responsive conserved microRNA (miRNA) from Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff., DXWR) on a genome-wide scale, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence libraries of DXWR samples, treated with and without drought stress. 505 conserved miRNAs corresponding to 215 families were identified. 17 were significantly down-regulated and 16 were up-regulated under drought stress. Stem-loop qRT-PCR revealed the same expression patterns as high-throughput sequencing, suggesting the accuracy of the sequencing result was high. Potential target genes of the drought-responsive miRNA were predicted to be involved in diverse biological processes. Furthermore, 16 miRNA families were first identified to be involved in drought stress response from plants. These results present a comprehensive view of the conserved miRNA and their expression patterns under drought stress for DXWR, which will provide valuable information and sequence resources for future basis studies.

Biocontrol of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot and Promotion of Growth of Tomato by Paenibacillus Strains Isolated from Soil

PubMed Central

Xu, Sheng Jun

2014-01-01

In this study, bacterial strains were isolated from soils from 30 locations of Samcheok, Gangwon province. Of the isolated strains, seven showed potential plant growth promoting and antagonistic activities. Based on cultural and morphological characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these strains were identified as Paenibacillus species. All seven strains produced ammonia, cellulase, hydrocyanic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, phosphatase, and siderophores. They also inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in vitro. The seven Paenibacillus strains enhanced a range of growth parameters in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, in comparison with non-inoculated control plants. Notably, treatment of tomato plants with one identified strain, P. polymyxa SC09-21, resulted in 80.0% suppression of fusarium crown and root rot under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth promoting and antifungal activity of P. polymyxa SC09-21 identified in this study highlight its potential suitability as a bioinoculant. PMID:25071385

Identifying Underlying Beliefs About Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Low-Income Older Adults: An Elicitation Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

PubMed

Jung, Seung Eun; Shin, Yeon Ho; Kim, Sunyoung; Hermann, Janice; Bice, Crystal

2017-10-01

Identify underlying salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among limited-income older adults. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as the framework for conducting semistructured individual interviews in 2016. Two congregate meal sites in the city of Tuscaloosa, AL. A total of 25 low-income older adults aged ≥60 years. Behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about F&V intake. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a hybrid inductive and deductive content analysis approach. The elicitation interviews identified salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about F&V intake among low-income older adults. These results can be used to develop nutrition education programs aimed at improving economically vulnerable older adults' F&V intake. Copyright © 2017 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A method to identify the main mode of machine tool under operating conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Daming; Pan, Yabing

2017-04-01

The identification of the modal parameters under experimental conditions is the most common procedure when solving the problem of machine tool structure vibration. However, the influence of each mode on the machine tool vibration in real working conditions remains unknown. In fact, the contributions each mode makes to the machine tool vibration during machining process are different. In this article, an active excitation modal analysis is applied to identify the modal parameters in operational condition, and the Operating Deflection Shapes (ODS) in frequencies of high level vibration that affect the quality of machining in real working conditions are obtained. Then, the ODS is decomposed by the mode shapes which are identified in operational conditions. So, the contributions each mode makes to machine tool vibration during machining process are got by decomposition coefficients. From the previous steps, we can find out the main modes which effect the machine tool more significantly in working conditions. This method was also verified to be effective by experiments.

Cluster analysis reveals subclinical subgroups with shared autistic and schizotypal traits.

PubMed

Ford, Talitha C; Apputhurai, Pragalathan; Meyer, Denny; Crewther, David P

2018-07-01

Autism and schizophrenia spectrum research is typically based on coarse diagnostic classification, which overlooks individual variation within clinical groups. This method limits the identification of underlying cognitive, genetic and neural correlates of specific symptom dimensions. This study, therefore, aimed to identify homogenous subclinical subgroups of specific autistic and schizotypal traits dimensions, that may be utilised to establish more effective diagnostic and treatment practices. Latent profile analysis of subscale scores derived from an autism-schizotypy questionnaire, completed by 1678 subclinical adults aged 18-40 years (1250 females), identified a local optimum of eight population clusters: High, Moderate and Low Psychosocial Difficulties; High, Moderate and Low Autism-Schizotypy; High Psychosis-Proneness; and Moderate Schizotypy. These subgroups represent the convergent and discriminant dimensions of autism and schizotypy in the subclinical population, and highlight the importance of examining subgroups of specific symptom characteristics across these spectra in order to identify the underlying genetic and neural correlates that can be utilised to advance diagnostic and treatment practices. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association.

PubMed

Adams, Hieab H H; Hibar, Derrek P; Chouraki, Vincent; Stein, Jason L; Nyquist, Paul A; Rentería, Miguel E; Trompet, Stella; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Seshadri, Sudha; Desrivières, Sylvane; Beecham, Ashley H; Jahanshad, Neda; Wittfeld, Katharina; Van der Lee, Sven J; Abramovic, Lucija; Alhusaini, Saud; Amin, Najaf; Andersson, Micael; Arfanakis, Konstantinos; Aribisala, Benjamin S; Armstrong, Nicola J; Athanasiu, Lavinia; Axelsson, Tomas; Beiser, Alexa; Bernard, Manon; Bis, Joshua C; Blanken, Laura M E; Blanton, Susan H; Bohlken, Marc M; Boks, Marco P; Bralten, Janita; Brickman, Adam M; Carmichael, Owen; Chakravarty, M Mallar; Chauhan, Ganesh; Chen, Qiang; Ching, Christopher R K; Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel; Braber, Anouk Den; Doan, Nhat Trung; Ehrlich, Stefan; Filippi, Irina; Ge, Tian; Giddaluru, Sudheer; Goldman, Aaron L; Gottesman, Rebecca F; Greven, Corina U; Grimm, Oliver; Griswold, Michael E; Guadalupe, Tulio; Hass, Johanna; Haukvik, Unn K; Hilal, Saima; Hofer, Edith; Hoehn, David; Holmes, Avram J; Hoogman, Martine; Janowitz, Deborah; Jia, Tianye; Kasperaviciute, Dalia; Kim, Sungeun; Klein, Marieke; Kraemer, Bernd; Lee, Phil H; Liao, Jiemin; Liewald, David C M; Lopez, Lorna M; Luciano, Michelle; Macare, Christine; Marquand, Andre; Matarin, Mar; Mather, Karen A; Mattheisen, Manuel; Mazoyer, Bernard; McKay, David R; McWhirter, Rebekah; Milaneschi, Yuri; Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin; Muetzel, Ryan L; Maniega, Susana Muñoz; Nho, Kwangsik; Nugent, Allison C; Loohuis, Loes M Olde; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Papmeyer, Martina; Pappa, Irene; Pirpamer, Lukas; Pudas, Sara; Pütz, Benno; Rajan, Kumar B; Ramasamy, Adaikalavan; Richards, Jennifer S; Risacher, Shannon L; Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto; Rommelse, Nanda; Rose, Emma J; Royle, Natalie A; Rundek, Tatjana; Sämann, Philipp G; Satizabal, Claudia L; Schmaal, Lianne; Schork, Andrew J; Shen, Li; Shin, Jean; Shumskaya, Elena; Smith, Albert V; Sprooten, Emma; Strike, Lachlan T; Teumer, Alexander; Thomson, Russell; Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana; Toro, Roberto; Trabzuni, Daniah; Vaidya, Dhananjay; Van der Grond, Jeroen; Van der Meer, Dennis; Van Donkelaar, Marjolein M J; Van Eijk, Kristel R; Van Erp, Theo G M; Van Rooij, Daan; Walton, Esther; Westlye, Lars T; Whelan, Christopher D; Windham, Beverly G; Winkler, Anderson M; Woldehawariat, Girma; Wolf, Christiane; Wolfers, Thomas; Xu, Bing; Yanek, Lisa R; Yang, Jingyun; Zijdenbos, Alex; Zwiers, Marcel P; Agartz, Ingrid; Aggarwal, Neelum T; Almasy, Laura; Ames, David; Amouyel, Philippe; Andreassen, Ole A; Arepalli, Sampath; Assareh, Amelia A; Barral, Sandra; Bastin, Mark E; Becker, Diane M; Becker, James T; Bennett, David A; Blangero, John; van Bokhoven, Hans; Boomsma, Dorret I; Brodaty, Henry; Brouwer, Rachel M; Brunner, Han G; Buckner, Randy L; Buitelaar, Jan K; Bulayeva, Kazima B; Cahn, Wiepke; Calhoun, Vince D; Cannon, Dara M; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Chen, Christopher; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cichon, Sven; Cookson, Mark R; Corvin, Aiden; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Curran, Joanne E; Czisch, Michael; Dale, Anders M; Davies, Gareth E; De Geus, Eco J C; De Jager, Philip L; de Zubicaray, Greig I; Delanty, Norman; Depondt, Chantal; DeStefano, Anita L; Dillman, Allissa; Djurovic, Srdjan; Donohoe, Gary; Drevets, Wayne C; Duggirala, Ravi; Dyer, Thomas D; Erk, Susanne; Espeseth, Thomas; Evans, Denis A; Fedko, Iryna O; Fernández, Guillén; Ferrucci, Luigi; Fisher, Simon E; Fleischman, Debra A; Ford, Ian; Foroud, Tatiana M; Fox, Peter T; Francks, Clyde; Fukunaga, Masaki; Gibbs, J Raphael; Glahn, David C; Gollub, Randy L; Göring, Harald H H; Grabe, Hans J; Green, Robert C; Gruber, Oliver; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guelfi, Sebastian; Hansell, Narelle K; Hardy, John; Hartman, Catharina A; Hashimoto, Ryota; Hegenscheid, Katrin; Heinz, Andreas; Le Hellard, Stephanie; Hernandez, Dena G; Heslenfeld, Dirk J; Ho, Beng-Choon; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Hoffmann, Wolfgang; Hofman, Albert; Holsboer, Florian; Homuth, Georg; Hosten, Norbert; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E; Ikeda, Masashi; Ikram, M Kamran; Jack, Clifford R; Jenkinson, Mark; Johnson, Robert; Jönsson, Erik G; Jukema, J Wouter; Kahn, René S; Kanai, Ryota; Kloszewska, Iwona; Knopman, David S; Kochunov, Peter; Kwok, John B; Lawrie, Stephen M; Lemaître, Hervé; Liu, Xinmin; Longo, Dan L; Longstreth, W T; Lopez, Oscar L; Lovestone, Simon; Martinez, Oliver; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Mattay, Venkata S; McDonald, Colm; McIntosh, Andrew M; McMahon, Katie L; McMahon, Francis J; Mecocci, Patrizia; Melle, Ingrid; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Mohnke, Sebastian; Montgomery, Grant W; Morris, Derek W; Mosley, Thomas H; Mühleisen, Thomas W; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Nalls, Michael A; Nauck, Matthias; Nichols, Thomas E; Niessen, Wiro J; Nöthen, Markus M; Nyberg, Lars; Ohi, Kazutaka; Olvera, Rene L; Ophoff, Roel A; Pandolfo, Massimo; Paus, Tomas; Pausova, Zdenka; Penninx, Brenda W J H; Pike, G Bruce; Potkin, Steven G; Psaty, Bruce M; Reppermund, Simone; Rietschel, Marcella; Roffman, Joshua L; Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina; Rotter, Jerome I; Ryten, Mina; Sacco, Ralph L; Sachdev, Perminder S; Saykin, Andrew J; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schofield, Peter R; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Simmons, Andy; Singleton, Andrew; Sisodiya, Sanjay M; Smith, Colin; Smoller, Jordan W; Soininen, Hilkka; Srikanth, Velandai; Steen, Vidar M; Stott, David J; Sussmann, Jessika E; Thalamuthu, Anbupalam; Tiemeier, Henning; Toga, Arthur W; Traynor, Bryan J; Troncoso, Juan; Turner, Jessica A; Tzourio, Christophe; Uitterlinden, Andre G; Hernández, Maria C Valdés; Van der Brug, Marcel; Van der Lugt, Aad; Van der Wee, Nic J A; Van Duijn, Cornelia M; Van Haren, Neeltje E M; Van T Ent, Dennis; Van Tol, Marie-Jose; Vardarajan, Badri N; Veltman, Dick J; Vernooij, Meike W; Völzke, Henry; Walter, Henrik; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Wassink, Thomas H; Weale, Michael E; Weinberger, Daniel R; Weiner, Michael W; Wen, Wei; Westman, Eric; White, Tonya; Wong, Tien Y; Wright, Clinton B; Zielke, H Ronald; Zonderman, Alan B; Deary, Ian J; DeCarli, Charles; Schmidt, Helena; Martin, Nicholas G; De Craen, Anton J M; Wright, Margaret J; Launer, Lenore J; Schumann, Gunter; Fornage, Myriam; Franke, Barbara; Debette, Stéphanie; Medland, Sarah E; Ikram, M Arfan; Thompson, Paul M

2016-12-01

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρ genetic = 0.748), which indicates a similar genetic background and allowed us to identify four additional loci through meta-analysis (N combined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, and Parkinson's disease, and were enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling. These findings identify the biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and their link to physiological and pathological traits.

Meta-review of protein network regulating obesity between validated obesity candidate genes in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice.

PubMed

Kim, Eunjung; Kim, Eun Jung; Seo, Seung-Won; Hur, Cheol-Goo; McGregor, Robin A; Choi, Myung-Sook

2014-01-01

Worldwide obesity and related comorbidities are increasing, but identifying new therapeutic targets remains a challenge. A plethora of microarray studies in diet-induced obesity models has provided large datasets of obesity associated genes. In this review, we describe an approach to examine the underlying molecular network regulating obesity, and we discuss interactions between obesity candidate genes. We conducted network analysis on functional protein-protein interactions associated with 25 obesity candidate genes identified in a literature-driven approach based on published microarray studies of diet-induced obesity. The obesity candidate genes were closely associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg) appeared to be a core obesity gene, and obesity candidate genes were highly interconnected, suggesting a coordinately regulated molecular network in adipose tissue. In conclusion, the current network analysis approach may help elucidate the underlying molecular network regulating obesity and identify anti-obesity targets for therapeutic intervention.

Longitudinal Analysis of Inpatient Care Utilization among People with Intellectual Disabilities: 1999-2002

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loh, C.-H.; Lin, J.-D.; Choi, I.-C.; Yen, C.-F.; Hsu, S.-W.; Wu, J.-L.; Tang, C. C.

2007-01-01

Background: There has been no longitudinal study in Taiwan to identify the nature and the scale of medical care utilization of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) up to the present. The aim of this study is to describe inpatient utilization among people under ID care in institutions in order to identify the pattern of medical care needs…

21 CFR 801.45 - Devices that must be directly marked with a unique device identifier.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Devices that must be directly marked with a unique device identifier. 801.45 Section 801.45 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... previously marked under paragraph (a) of this section. (e) Exception to be noted in design history file. A...

Improving adaptation to drought stress in white pea bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L): genotypic effects on grain yield, yield components and pod harvest index

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume crop in Africa and Latin America where rainfall pattern is unpredictable. The objectives were to identify better yielding common bean lines with good canning quality under drought, and to identify traits that could be used as sele...

Breeding and development of Globodera-resistant potato varieties with long tuber shape and russet skin for production in the western United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two species of potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis, and G. pallida,) have been identified in the U.S. and are under quarantine regulations, with a third newly identified species (G. ellingtonae) not categorized as a quarantined pest. Management of G. rostochiensis in the state of New York...

Author Correction: Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots.

PubMed

Pärn, Jaan; Verhoeven, Jos T A; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Dise, Nancy B; Ullah, Sami; Aasa, Anto; Egorov, Sergey; Espenberg, Mikk; Järveoja, Järvi; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Kasak, Kuno; Klemedtsson, Leif; Kull, Ain; Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima; Lapshina, Elena D; Lohila, Annalea; Lõhmus, Krista; Maddison, Martin; Mitsch, William J; Müller, Christoph; Niinemets, Ülo; Osborne, Bruce; Pae, Taavi; Salm, Jüri-Ott; Sgouridis, Fotis; Sohar, Kristina; Soosaar, Kaido; Storey, Kathryn; Teemusk, Alar; Tenywa, Moses M; Tournebize, Julien; Truu, Jaak; Veber, Gert; Villa, Jorge A; Zaw, Seint Sann; Mander, Ülo

2018-04-26

The original version of this Article contained an error in the first sentence of the Acknowledgements section, which incorrectly referred to the Estonian Research Council grant identifier as "PUTJD618". The correct version replaces the grant identifier with "PUTJD619". This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

76 FR 64854 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A318, A319, A320, and A321 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

...-1087; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-032-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A318... comments to an address listed under the ADDRESSES section. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2011-1087; Directorate... new AD: Airbus: Docket No. FAA-2011-1087; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM- 032-AD. Comments Due Date (a...

How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway.

PubMed

Kuo, Ming

2015-01-01

How might contact with nature promote human health? Myriad studies have linked the two; at this time the task of identifying the mechanisms underlying this link is paramount. This article offers: (1) a compilation of plausible pathways between nature and health; (2) criteria for identifying a possible central pathway; and (3) one promising candidate for a central pathway. The 21 pathways identified here include environmental factors, physiological and psychological states, and behaviors or conditions, each of which has been empirically tied to nature and has implications for specific physical and mental health outcomes. While each is likely to contribute to nature's impacts on health to some degree and under some circumstances, this paper explores the possibility of a central pathway by proposing criteria for identifying such a pathway and illustrating their use. A particular pathway is more likely to be central if it can account for the size of nature's impacts on health, account for nature's specific health outcomes, and subsume other pathways. By these criteria, enhanced immune functioning emerges as one promising candidate for a central pathway between nature and health. There may be others.

De novo assembly and analysis of the Artemisia argyi transcriptome and identification of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis.

PubMed

Liu, Miaomiao; Zhu, Jinhang; Wu, Shengbing; Wang, Chenkai; Guo, Xingyi; Wu, Jiawen; Zhou, Meiqi

2018-04-11

Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant. (A. argyi) is widely utilized for moxibustion in Chinese medicine, and the mechanism underlying terpenoid biosynthesis in its leaves is suggested to play an important role in its medicinal use. However, the A. argyi transcriptome has not been sequenced. Herein, we performed RNA sequencing for A. argyi leaf, root and stem tissues to identify as many as possible of the transcribed genes. In total, 99,807 unigenes were assembled by analysing the expression profiles generated from the three tissue types, and 67,446 of those unigenes were annotated in public databases. We further performed differential gene expression analysis to compare leaf tissue with the other two tissue types and identified numerous genes that were specifically expressed or up-regulated in leaf tissue. Specifically, we identified multiple genes encoding significant enzymes or transcription factors related to terpenoid synthesis. This study serves as a valuable resource for transcriptome information, as many transcribed genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis were identified in the A. argyi transcriptome, providing a functional genomic basis for additional studies on molecular mechanisms underlying the medicinal use of A. argyi.

What Can Cognitive Neuroscience Teach Us About Anorexia Nervosa?

PubMed Central

Kidd, Amelia; Steinglass, Joanna

2012-01-01

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex illness and highly challenging to treat. One promising approach to significantly advance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AN involves developing a cognitive neuroscience model of illness. Cognitive neuroscience uses probes such as neuropsychological tasks and neuroimaging techniques to identify the neural underpinnings of behavior. With this approach, advances have been made in identifying higher order cognitive processes that likely mediate symptom expression in AN. Identification of related neuropathology is beginning. Such findings have led to the development of complex neurobehavioral models that aim to explain the etiology and persistence of AN. Future research will use these advanced tools to test and refine hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms of AN. PMID:22660896

Pressure-Induced Foaming of Metals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García-Moreno, Francisco; Mukherjee, Manas; Jiménez, Catalina; Banhart, John

2015-05-01

Pressure-induced foaming (PIF) of metals is a foaming technique in which blowing agent free compacted metal powders are foamed. The method consists of heating hot-compacted metallic precursors to above their melting temperature under gas overpressure and foaming them by pressure release. This study focuses on PIF of Al99.7 and AlSi7 alloys under both air or Ar and overpressures up to 9 bar. In situ x-ray radioscopy allows us to follow the foaming process and to perform quantitative analyses of expansion, foam morphology, and coalescence rate. Mass spectrometry helps to identify hydrogen as the foaming gas. Adsorbates on the former powder particles are found to be the primary gas source. Various advantages of this new method are identified and discussed.