Higgs boson, sparticle masses and neutralino Dark Matter in Yukawa unified models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Un, Cem Salih

This dissertation collects our results that we obtain for a class of Yukawa unified SO(10) grand unified theories with non-universal soft supersymmetry breaking (SSB) gaugino mass parameters. As known for a long time, in contrast to its non-supersymmetrical version, SO(10) grand unified theories predict Yukawa coupling unification as well as gauge coupling and matter field unifications. The models considered in this thesis are assumed to be in the framework of gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking, and boundary conditions among the SSB terms are set by the group theoretical structure and breaking patterns of SO(10) at the grand unification scale (MGUT). In addition, we assume universality in the SSB mass terms assigned to the sfermion generations. Since Yukawa coupling unification implies contradictory mass relations for the first two generations, we consider a model with a larger Higgs sector. In this case, we assume that the MSSM Higgs doublets solely reside in 10 dimensional representation (10 H) of SO(10) and extra Higgs fields negligibly couple to the third generation sfermions in order to maintain Yukawa coupling unification for the third generation (when we mention Yukawa unification throughout this thesis, we mean Yukawa unification for the third family, a.k.a. t -b-tau Yukawa unification). First we consider a supersymmetric grand unified model in which SO(10) breaks into the MSSM via non-renormalizable dimension-5 operators involving non-singlet F--terms. In our case, we consider an F--term belonging to 54 dimensional representation of SO(10) and it develops a non-zero vacuum expectation value that non-trivially generates the SSB gaugino masses such that M 1 : M2 : M3 = --1 : --3 : 2. We consider the case with mu, M 1, M2 > 0 and M3 < 0 such that muM2 >0 and muM 3 < 0 always hold. This model with non-universal and relative-sign gaugino masses has one less parameter by setting the masses of Higgs doublets to be equivalent to each other at MGUT than those in the standard approach to Yukawa coupling unification. We briefly show also that Yukawa unification is possible even with one less parameter, if one considers a case in which all scalars of the MSSM including the Higgs doublets are assigned with the same SSB mass term. In the case of relative-sign SSB mass terms, the gaugino mass relation forms a subspace of SU(4)c x SU(2)L x SU(2) R (4-2-2). Even though 4-2-2 does not require gauge coupling unification, if one assumes that 4-2-2 breaks into the MSSM at an energy scale ˜ MGUT, then it can hold gauge coupling unification as well as Yukawa unification. As a generalization of the previous model, 4-2-2 results in a heavy spectrum for the color particles (˜ 3 TeV ) as well. We conclude this thesis by considering the anomalous magnetic moment of muon (muon g -- 2). First, we examine the conditions that are necessary in order to be consistent with the experimental measurements. Since the supersymmetric contribution to muon g -- 2 evolves as 1/M, where M is mass of the sparticle running in the loop, the MSSM needs to have light smuons and gauginos (bino and wino), while the 125 GeV Higgs boson requires heavier spectra. In order to resolve this conflict, we consider a case in which the first two generations of sfermions are split from the third generation in their SSB mass. Similarly the MSSM Higgs doublets have different masses from each other, while universality in gaugino masses is held. We show that our results can simultaneously be consistent with 125 GeV Higgs boson and muon g -- 2 within 1sigma deviation from its theoretical value. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Gravitational effects in models of grand unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reeb, David

Grand unified theories constitute an attractive idea bringing further coherence into our understanding of the fundamental forces of Nature beyond the well-accepted Standard Model. This dissertation contains a systematic study of the unification of gauge couplings associated with these forces in the presence of one or several effective dimension-5 operators cHG munuGmunu/4MPl, which are induced into the grand unified theory through gravitational interactions at the Planck scale. These operators alter the usually assumed condition for gauge coupling unification and can, depending on the Higgs content H of the theory and on its vacuum expectation value, lead to grand unification in models other than commonly believed and at scales Mx significantly different than naively expected. After presenting a general framework to treat such effects, we compute, for the case of SU(5) and SO(10) unification groups, the associated group theory constants necessary for the study of concrete models. We investigate the size of these effects in non-supersymmetric unification models and find that there exist regions of natural Wilson coefficients c in parameter space that achieve successful unification of the gauge couplings, while easily satisfying the bounds on the unification scale coming from the non-observation of proton decay. Both of these requirements are widely assumed to be violated in non-supersymmetric models of grand unification, but, as we show, can be fulfilled due to the effects coming from gravitational dimension-5 operators. A comparison to supersymmetric unification models shows that their parameter space for successful grand unification is no more natural than the one for the non-supersymmetric models. The main conclusion of this dissertation is that fairly minimal unification models are possible, i.e., with small unification groups and without supersymmetric particles. Whereas the observation of proton decay seems to be the only possible evidence for grand unification presently reachable, we should know within the next few years whether or not low-energy supersymmetry is realized in Nature. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.

On degenerate metrics, dark matter and unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Searight, Trevor P.

2017-12-01

A five-dimensional theory of relativity is presented which suggests that gravitation and electromagnetism may be unified using a degenerate metric. There are four fields (in the four-dimensional sense): a tensor field, two vector fields, and a scalar field, and they are unified with a combination of a gauge-like invariance and a reflection symmetry which means that both vector fields are photons. The gauge-like invariance implies that the fifth dimension is not directly observable; it also implies that charge is a constant of motion. The scalar field is analogous to the Brans-Dicke scalar field, and the theory tends towards the Einstein-Maxwell theory in the limit as the coupling constant tends to infinity. As there is some scope for fields to vary in the fifth dimension, it is possible for the photons to have wave behaviour in the fifth dimension. The wave behaviour has two effects: it gives mass to the photons, and it prevents them from interacting directly with normal matter. These massive photons still act as a source of gravity, however, and therefore they are candidates for dark matter.

Grand unification and low scale implications: D2 parity for unification and neutrino masses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tavartkiladze, Zurab

2014-06-01

The Grand Unified SU(5)-SU(5)' model, augmented with D2 Parity, is considered. The latter play crucial role for phenomenology. The model has several novel properties and gives interesting phenomenological implications. The charged leptons together with right handed (or sterile) neutrinos emerge es composite states. Within considered scenario, we study the charged fermion and neutrino mass generation. Moreover, we show that the model gives successful gauge coupling unification.

Covariant effective action for a Galilean invariant quantum Hall system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geracie, Michael; Prabhu, Kartik; Roberts, Matthew M.

2016-09-01

We construct effective field theories for gapped quantum Hall systems coupled to background geometries with local Galilean invariance i.e. Bargmann spacetimes. Along with an electromagnetic field, these backgrounds include the effects of curved Galilean spacetimes, including torsion and a gravitational field, allowing us to study charge, energy, stress and mass currents within a unified framework. A shift symmetry specific to single constituent theories constraints the effective action to couple to an effective background gauge field and spin connection that is solved for by a self-consistent equation, providing a manifestly covariant extension of Hoyos and Son's improvement terms to arbitrary order in m.

SU(5)×U(1)X grand unification with minimal seesaw and Z‧-portal dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi; Raut, Digesh

2018-05-01

We propose a grand unified SU (5) × U(1)X model, where the standard SU(5) grand unified theory is supplemented by minimal seesaw and a right-handed neutrino dark matter with an introduction of a global Z2-parity. In the presence of three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the model is free from all gauge and mixed-gravitational anomalies. The SU(5) symmetry is broken into the Standard Model (SM) gauge group at MGUT ≃ 4 ×1016GeV in the standard manner, while the U(1)X symmetry breaking occurs at the TeV scale, which generates the TeV-scale mass of the U(1)X gauge boson (Z‧ boson) and the three Majorana RHNs. A unique Z2-odd RHN is stable and serves as the dark matter (DM) in the present Universe, while the remaining two RHNs work to generate the SM neutrino masses through the minimal seesaw. We investigate the Z‧-portal RHN DM scenario in this model context. We find that the constraints from the DM relic abundance, and the Z‧ boson search at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the perturbativity bound on the U(1)X gauge coupling are complementary to narrow down the allowed parameter region in the range of 3.0 ≤mZ‧ [TeV ] ≤ 9.2 for the Z‧ boson mass. The allowed region for mZ‧ ≤ 5TeV will be fully covered by the future LHC experiments. We also briefly discuss the successful implementation of Baryogenesis and cosmological inflation scenarios in the present model.

750 GeV diphotons: implications for supersymmetric unification II

DOE PAGES

Hall, Lawrence J.; Harigaya, Keisuke; Nomura, Yasunori

2016-07-29

Perturbative supersymmetric gauge coupling unification is possible in six theories where complete SU (5) TeV-scale multiplets of vector matter account for the size of the reported 750 GeV diphoton resonance, interpreted as a singlet multiplet S=(s+ia)/√2. One of these has a full generation of vector matter and a unified gauge coupling αG ~ 1. The diphoton signal rate is enhanced by loops of vector squarks and sleptons, especially when the trilinear A couplings are large. If the SH uH d coupling is absent, both s and a can contribute to the resonance, which may then have a large apparent widthmore » if the mass splitting from s and a arises from loops of vector matter. The width depends sensitively on A parameters and phases of the vector squark and slepton masses. Vector quarks and/or squarks are expected to be in reach of the LHC. If the SH uH d coupling is present, a leads to a narrow diphoton resonance, while a second resonance with decays s → hh, W +W – , ZZ is likely to be discovered at future LHC runs. In some of the theories a non-standard origin or running of the soft parameters is required, for example involving conformal hidden sector interactions.« less

Classical evolution and quantum generation in generalized gravity theories including string corrections and tachyons: Unified analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Jai-Chan; Noh, Hyerim

2005-03-01

We present cosmological perturbation theory based on generalized gravity theories including string theory correction terms and a tachyonic complication. The classical evolution as well as the quantum generation processes in these varieties of gravity theories are presented in unified forms. These apply both to the scalar- and tensor-type perturbations. Analyses are made based on the curvature variable in two different gauge conditions often used in the literature in Einstein’s gravity; these are the curvature variables in the comoving (or uniform-field) gauge and the zero-shear gauge. Applications to generalized slow-roll inflation and its consequent power spectra are derived in unified forms which include a wide range of inflationary scenarios based on Einstein’s gravity and others.

Unifying Type-II Strings by Exceptional Groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arvanitakis, Alex S.; Blair, Chris D. A.

2018-05-01

We construct the exceptional sigma model: a two-dimensional sigma model coupled to a supergravity background in a manifestly (formally) ED (D )-covariant manner. This formulation of the background is provided by exceptional field theory (EFT), which unites the metric and form fields of supergravity in ED (D ) multiplets before compactification. The realization of the symmetries of EFT on the world sheet uniquely fixes the Weyl-invariant Lagrangian and allows us to relate our action to the usual type-IIA fundamental string action and a form of the type-IIB (m , n ) action. This uniqueness "predicts" the correct form of the couplings to gauge fields in both Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond sectors, without invoking supersymmetry.

Covariant effective action for a Galilean invariant quantum Hall system

DOE PAGES

Geracie, Michael; Prabhu, Kartik; Roberts, Matthew M.

2016-09-16

Here, we construct effective field theories for gapped quantum Hall systems coupled to background geometries with local Galilean invariance i.e. Bargmann spacetimes. Along with an electromagnetic field, these backgrounds include the effects of curved Galilean spacetimes, including torsion and a gravitational field, allowing us to study charge, energy, stress and mass currents within a unified framework. A shift symmetry specific to single constituent theories constraints the effective action to couple to an effective background gauge field and spin connection that is solved for by a self-consistent equation, providing a manifestly covariant extension of Hoyos and Son’s improvement terms to arbitrarymore » order in m.« less

Vectorlike chiral fourth family to explain muon anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raby, Stuart; Trautner, Andreas

2018-05-01

The Standard Model (SM) is amended by one generation of quarks and leptons which are vectorlike (VL) under the SM gauge group but chiral with respect to a new U(1 ) 3 -4 gauge symmetry. We show that this model can simultaneously explain the deviation of the muon g -2 as well as the observed anomalies in b →s μ+μ- transitions without conflicting with the data on Higgs decays, lepton flavor violation, or Bs-B¯s mixing. The model is string theory motivated and Grand Unified Theory compatible, i.e. UV complete, and fits the data predicting VL quarks, leptons, and a massive Z' at the TeV scale, as well as τ →3 μ and τ →μ γ within reach of future experiments. The Higgs couplings to SM generations are automatically aligned in flavor space.

The B-field soft theorem and its unification with the graviton and dilaton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Vecchia, Paolo; Marotta, Raffaele; Mojaza, Matin

2017-10-01

In theories of Einstein gravity coupled with a dilaton and a two-form, a soft theorem for the two-form, known as the Kalb-Ramond B-field, has so far been missing. In this work we fill the gap, and in turn formulate a unified soft theorem valid for gravitons, dilatons and B-fields in any tree-level scattering amplitude involving the three massless states. The new soft theorem is fixed by means of on-shell gauge invariance and enters at the subleading order of the graviton's soft theorem. In contrast to the subsubleading soft behavior of gravitons and dilatons, we show that the soft behavior of B-fields at this order cannot be fully fixed by gauge invariance. Nevertheless, we show that it is possible to establish a gauge invariant decomposition of the amplitudes to any order in the soft expansion. We check explicitly the new soft theorem in the bosonic string and in Type II superstring theories, and furthermore demonstrate that, at the next order in the soft expansion, totally gauge invariant terms appear in both string theories which cannot be factorized into a soft theorem.

Adventures in heterotic string phenomenology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dundee, George Benjamin

In this Dissertation, we consider three topics in the study of effective field theories derived from orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string. In Chapter 2 we provide a primer for those interested in building models based on orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string. In Chapter 3, we analyze gauge coupling unification in the context of heterotic strings on anisotropic orbifolds. This construction is very much analogous to effective five dimensional orbifold GUT field theories. Our analysis assumes three fundamental scales, the string scale, M S, a compactification scale, MC, and a mass scale for some of the vector-like exotics, MEX; the other exotics are assumed to get mass at MS. In the particular models analyzed, we show that gauge coupling unification is not possible with MEX = M C and in fact we require MEX << MC ˜ 3 x 1016 GeV. We find that about 10% of the parameter space has a proton lifetime (from dimension six gauge exchange) 1033 yr ≲ tau(p → pi0e+) ≲ 1036 yr, which is potentially observable by the next generation of proton decay experiments. 80% of the parameter space gives proton lifetimes below Super-K bounds. In Chapter 4, we examine the relationship between the string coupling constant, gSTRING, and the grand unified gauge coupling constant, alphaGUT, in the models of Chapter 3. We find that the requirement that the theory be perturbative provides a non-trivial constraint on these models. Interestingly, there is a correlation between the proton decay rate (due to dimension six operators) and the string coupling constant in this class of models. Finally, we make some comments concerning the extension of these models to the six (and higher) dimensional case. In Chapter 5, we discuss the issues of supersymmetry breaking and moduli stabilization within the context of E8 ⊗ E8 heterotic orbifold constructions and, in particular, we focus on the class of "mini-landscape" models. These theories contain a non-Abelian hidden gauge sector which generates a non-perturbative superpotential leading to supersymmetry breaking and moduli stabilization. We demonstrate this effect in a simple model which contains many of the features of the more general construction. In addition, we argue that once supersymmetry is broken in a restricted sector of the theory, then all moduli are stabilized by supergravity effects. Finally, we obtain the low energy superparticle spectrum resulting from this simple model.

Grand unified brane world scenario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arai, Masato; Blaschke, Filip; Eto, Minoru; Sakai, Norisuke

2017-12-01

We present a field theoretical model unifying grand unified theory (GUT) and brane world scenario. As a concrete example, we consider S U (5 ) GUT in 4 +1 dimensions where our 3 +1 dimensional spacetime spontaneously arises on five domain walls. A field-dependent gauge kinetic term is used to localize massless non-Abelian gauge fields on the domain walls and to assure the charge universality of matter fields. We find the domain walls with the symmetry breaking S U (5 )→S U (3 )×S U (2 )×U (1 ) as a global minimum and all the undesirable moduli are stabilized with the mass scale of MGUT. Profiles of massless standard model particles are determined as a consequence of wall dynamics. The proton decay can be exponentially suppressed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ellis, John; Olive, Keith A.; Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana

We consider supersymmetric grand unified theories with soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses m 0 specified above the GUT scale (super-GUTs) and patterns of Yukawa couplings motivated by upper limits on flavour-changing interactions beyond the Standard Model. If the scalar masses are smaller than the gaugino masses m 1/2, as is expected in no-scale models, the dominant effects of renormalisation between the input scale and the GUT scale are generally expected to be those due to the gauge couplings, which are proportional to m 1/2 and generation independent. In this case, the input scalar masses m 0 may violate flavour maximally, amore » scenario we call MaxSFV, and there is no supersymmetric flavour problem. As a result, we illustrate this possibility within various specific super-GUT scenarios that are deformations of no-scale gravity« less

Unity of elementary particles and forces in higher dimensions.

PubMed

Gogoladze, Ilia; Mimura, Yukihiro; Nandi, S

2003-10-03

The idea of unifying all the gauge and Yukawa forces as well as the gauge, Higgs, and fermionic matter particles naturally leads us to a simple gauge symmetry in higher dimensions with supersymmetry. We present a model in which, for the first time, such a unification is achieved in the framework of quantum field theory.

Local U(2,2) symmetry in relativistic quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finster, Felix

1998-12-01

Local gauge freedom in relativistic quantum mechanics is derived from a measurement principle for space and time. For the Dirac equation, one obtains local U(2,2) gauge transformations acting on the spinor index of the wave functions. This local U(2,2) symmetry allows a unified description of electrodynamics and general relativity as a classical gauge theory.

Weakly-interacting massive particles in non-supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified models

DOE PAGES

Nagata, Natsumi; Olive, Keith A.; Zheng, Jiaming

2015-10-28

Here, non-supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified theories provide a framework in which the stability of dark matter is explained while gauge coupling unification is realized. In this work, we systematically study this possibility by classifying weakly interacting dark matter candidates in terms of their quantum numbers of SU(2) L Ⓧ U(1) Y, B – L, and SU(2) R. We consider both scalar and fermion candidates. We show that the requirement of a sufficiently high unification scale to ensure a proton lifetime compatible with experimental constraints plays a strong role in selecting viable candidates. Among the scalar candidates originating from either amore » 16 or 144 of SO(10), only SU(2) L singlets with zero hypercharge or doublets with Y = 1/2 satisfy all constraints for SU(4) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2) R and SU(3) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2) R Ⓧ U(1) B–L intermediate scale gauge groups. Among fermion triplets with zero hypercharge, only a triplet in the 45 with intermediate group SU(4) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2) R leads to solutions with M GUT > M int and a long proton lifetime. We find three models with weak doublets and Y = 1/2 as dark matter candidates for the SU(4) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2) R and SU(4) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ U(1) R intermediate scale gauge groups assuming a minimal Higgs content. We also discuss how these models may be tested at accelerators and in dark matter detection experiments.« less

Unified gauge theories with right-handed currents and heavy fermions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mohapatra, R.N.

Gauge models with heavy fermions and right-handed currents are discussed based on the gauge groups SU(2)/subA/ x U(1) x SU(4) ', SU(2)/subA/ x SU(2)/subB/ x SU(4) ', and SU(4) x SU(4) ' and are constructed so as to lead to the $delta$I = 1/2 rule. SU(4) x SU(4) ' is advocated as the ultimate unifying gauge group of nature, and it is shown how at various stages of spontaneous breakdown both the SU(2)/subA/ x SU(2)/subB/ x SU(4) ' and SU(2)/subA/ x U(1) x SU(4) ' groups manifest themselves. It is also shown that CP violation takes an interesting complexion inmore » these models and leads to exactly the relations eta/sub +//sub -/ approx. = eta$sub 00$ in K/subL/ $Yields$ 2$pi$ decays. Furthermore, it is shown that the magnitude of CP violation is related to gauge interactions that violate the heavy quark degeneracy. (AIP)« less

SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dermisek, Radovan

The origin of the fermion mass hierarchy is one of the most challenging problems in elementary particle physics. In the standard model fermion masses and mixing angles are free parameters. Supersymmetric grand unified theories provide a beautiful framework for physics beyond the standard model. In addition to gauge coupling unification these theories provide relations between quark and lepton masses within families, and with additional family symmetry the hierarchy between families can be generated. We present a predictive SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model with D 3 x U(1) family symmetry. The hierarchy in fermion masses is generated by the family symmetry breaking D 3 x U(1) → ZN → nothing. This model fits the low energy data in the charged fermion sector quite well. We discuss the prediction of this model for the proton lifetime in light of recent SuperKamiokande results and present a clear picture of the allowed spectra of supersymmetric particles. Finally, the detailed discussion of the Yukawa coupling unification of the third generation particles is provided. We find a narrow region is consistent with t, b, tau Yukawa unification for mu > 0 (suggested by b → sgamma and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon) with A0 ˜ -1.9m16, m10 ˜ 1.4m16, m16 ≳ 1200 GeV and mu, M1/2 ˜ 100--500 GeV. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pati, Jogesh C.

As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the idea of grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color. Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that the existing SU (2) x U (1) symmetry be extended minimally to the quark-lepton and left-right symmetric non-Abelian gauge structure G (2,2,4) = SU (2) L x SU (2) R x SU (4)-color. This served to unify members of a family within a single L-R self-conjugate multiplet. It also explained: the quantization of electric charge, the co-existence of quarks andmore » leptons, and that of their three basic forces $-$ weak, electromagnetic, and strong $-$ while providing the appealing possibility that nature is fundamentally left-right symmetric (parity-conserving). The minimal extension of the symmetry G (2,2,4) to a simple group is given by the attractive symmetry SO (10) that came a year later. The advantages of the core symmetry G (2,2,4), including those listed above (which are of course retained by SO (10) as well), are noted. These include the introductions of: (i) the right-handed neutrino as a compelling member of each family, (ii) (B-L) as a local symmetry, and (iii) the mass relation m (ν τ) Dirac = m top (M GUT). These three features, all arising due to SU(4)-color, as well as the gauge coupling uni cation scale (identi ed with the (B-L)- breaking scale), are crucially needed to understand the tiny mass-scales of the neutrino oscillations within the seesaw mechanism, and to implement successfully the mechanism of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. Implications of a well-motivated class of models based on supersymmetric SO(10) or a string-unified G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D for (a) gauge coupling uni cation, (b) fermion masses and mixings, (c) neutrino osillations, (d) baryogenesis via leptogenesis, and last but not least (e) proton decay are presented. Recent works on the latter providing upper limits on proton lifetimes suggest that the potential for discovery of proton decay in the next-generation detectors would be high.« less

Maximal sfermion flavour violation in super-GUTs

DOE PAGES

Ellis, John; Olive, Keith A.; Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana

2016-10-20

We consider supersymmetric grand unified theories with soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses m 0 specified above the GUT scale (super-GUTs) and patterns of Yukawa couplings motivated by upper limits on flavour-changing interactions beyond the Standard Model. If the scalar masses are smaller than the gaugino masses m 1/2, as is expected in no-scale models, the dominant effects of renormalisation between the input scale and the GUT scale are generally expected to be those due to the gauge couplings, which are proportional to m 1/2 and generation independent. In this case, the input scalar masses m 0 may violate flavour maximally, amore » scenario we call MaxSFV, and there is no supersymmetric flavour problem. As a result, we illustrate this possibility within various specific super-GUT scenarios that are deformations of no-scale gravity« less

Generalized global symmetries

DOE PAGES

Gaiotto, Davide; Kapustin, Anton; Seiberg, Nathan; ...

2015-02-26

A q-form global symmetry is a global symmetry for which the charged operators are of space-time dimension q; e.g. Wilson lines, surface defects, etc., and the charged excitations have q spatial dimensions; e.g. strings, membranes, etc. Many of the properties of ordinary global symmetries (q = 0) apply here. They lead to Ward identities and hence to selection rules on amplitudes. Such global symmetries can be coupled to classical background fields and they can be gauged by summing over these classical fields. These generalized global symmetries can be spontaneously broken (either completely or to a sub-group). They can also havemore » ’t Hooft anomalies, which prevent us from gauging them, but lead to ’t Hooft anomaly matching conditions. Such anomalies can also lead to anomaly inflow on various defects and exotic Symmetry Protected Topological phases. In conclusion, our analysis of these symmetries gives a new unified perspective of many known phenomena and uncovers new results.« less

First Law for fields with Internal Gauge Freedom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prabhu, Kartik

2016-03-01

We extend the analysis of Iyer and Wald to derive the First Law of blackhole mechanics in the presence of fields charged under an `internal gauge group'. We treat diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations in a unified way by formulating the theory on a principal bundle. The first law then relates the energy and angular momentum at infinity to a potential times charge term at the horizon. The gravitational potential and charge give a notion of temperature and entropy respectively.

Advantages of unity with SU(4)-color: Reflections through neutrino oscillations, baryogenesis and proton decay

DOE PAGES

Pati, Jogesh C.

2017-03-24

As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the idea of grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color. Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that the existing SU (2) x U (1) symmetry be extended minimally to the quark-lepton and left-right symmetric non-Abelian gauge structure G (2,2,4) = SU (2) L x SU (2) R x SU (4)-color. This served to unify members of a family within a single L-R self-conjugate multiplet. It also explained: the quantization of electric charge, the co-existence of quarks andmore » leptons, and that of their three basic forces $-$ weak, electromagnetic, and strong $-$ while providing the appealing possibility that nature is fundamentally left-right symmetric (parity-conserving). The minimal extension of the symmetry G (2,2,4) to a simple group is given by the attractive symmetry SO (10) that came a year later. The advantages of the core symmetry G (2,2,4), including those listed above (which are of course retained by SO (10) as well), are noted. These include the introductions of: (i) the right-handed neutrino as a compelling member of each family, (ii) (B-L) as a local symmetry, and (iii) the mass relation m (ν τ) Dirac = m top (M GUT). These three features, all arising due to SU(4)-color, as well as the gauge coupling uni cation scale (identi ed with the (B-L)- breaking scale), are crucially needed to understand the tiny mass-scales of the neutrino oscillations within the seesaw mechanism, and to implement successfully the mechanism of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. Implications of a well-motivated class of models based on supersymmetric SO(10) or a string-unified G(2, 2, 4) symmetry in 4D for (a) gauge coupling uni cation, (b) fermion masses and mixings, (c) neutrino osillations, (d) baryogenesis via leptogenesis, and last but not least (e) proton decay are presented. Recent works on the latter providing upper limits on proton lifetimes suggest that the potential for discovery of proton decay in the next-generation detectors would be high.« less

Composite accidental axions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Redi, Michele; Sato, Ryosuke

2016-05-01

We present several models where the QCD axion arises accidentally. Confining gauge theories can generate axion candidates whose properties are uniquely determined by the quantum numbers of the new fermions under the Standard Model. The Peccei-Quinn symmetry can emerge accidentally if the gauge theory is chiral. We generalise previous constructions in a unified framework. In some cases these models can be understood as the deconstruction of 5-dimensional gauge theories where the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is protected by locality but more general constructions are possible.

LHC-scale left-right symmetry and unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arbeláez, Carolina; Romão, Jorge C.; Hirsch, Martin; Malinský, Michal

2014-02-01

We construct a comprehensive list of nonsupersymmetric standard model extensions with a low-scale left-right (LR)-symmetric intermediate stage that may be obtained as simple low-energy effective theories within a class of renormalizable SO(10) grand unified theories. Unlike the traditional "minimal" LR models many of our example settings support a perfect gauge coupling unification even if the LR scale is in the LHC domain at a price of only (a few copies of) one or two types of extra fields pulled down to the TeV-scale ballpark. We discuss the main aspects of a potentially realistic model building conforming the basic constraints from the quark and lepton sector flavor structure, proton decay limits, etc. We pay special attention to the theoretical uncertainties related to the limited information about the underlying unified framework in the bottom-up approach, in particular, to their role in the possible extraction of the LR-breaking scale. We observe a general tendency for the models without new colored states in the TeV domain to be on the verge of incompatibility with the proton stability constraints.

Towards a systematic construction of realistic D-brane models on a del Pezzo singularity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dolan, Matthew J.; Krippendorf, Sven; Quevedo, Fernando

2011-10-01

A systematic approach is followed in order to identify realistic D-brane models at toric del Pezzo singularities. Requiring quark and lepton spectrum and Yukawas from D3 branes and massless hypercharge, we are led to Pati-Salam extensions of the Standard Model. Hierarchies of masses, flavour mixings and control of couplings select higher order del Pezzo singularities, minimising the Higgs sector prefers toric del Pezzos with dP 3 providing the most successful compromise. Then a supersymmetric local string model is presented with the following properties at low energies: (i) the MSSM spectrum plus a local B - L gauge field or additional Higgs fields depending on the breaking pattern, (ii) a realistic hierarchy of quark and lepton masses and (iii) realistic flavour mixing between quark and lepton families with computable CKM and PMNS matrices, and CP violation consistent with observations. In this construction, kinetic terms are diagonal and under calculational control suppressing standard FCNC contributions. Proton decay operators of dimension 4, 5, 6 are suppressed, and gauge couplings can unify depending on the breaking scales from string scales at energies in the range 1012-1016 GeV, consistent with TeV soft-masses from moduli mediated supersymmetry breaking. The GUT scale model corresponds to D3 branes at dP 3 with two copies of the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry SU(4) × SU(2) R × SU(2) L . D-brane instantons generate a non-vanishing μ-term. Right handed sneutrinos can break the B - L symmetry and induce a see-saw mechanism of neutrino masses and R-parity violating operators with observable low-energy implications.

A general analysis of Wtb anomalous couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Qing-Hong; Yan, Bin; Yu, Jiang-Hao; Zhang, Chen

2017-06-01

We investigate new physics effects on the Wtb effective couplings in a model-independent framework. The new physics effects can be parametrized by four independent couplings, , , and . We further introduce a set of parameters x 0, x m , x p and x 5 which exhibit a linear relation to the single top production cross sections. Using recent data for the t-channel single top production cross section σ t , tW associated production cross section σ tW, s-channel single top production cross section σ s , and W-helicity fractions F 0, F L and F R collected at the 8 TeV LHC and Tevatron, we perform a global fit to impose constraints on the top quark effective couplings. Our global fitting results show that the top quark effective couplings are strongly correlated. We show that (i) improving the measurements of σ t and σ tW is important in constraining the correlation of (,) and (,); (ii) and are anti-correlated, and are sensitive to all the four experiments; (iii) and are also anti-correlated, and are sensitive to the F 0 and F L measurements; (iv) the correlation between and is sensitive to the precision of the σ t , σ tW and F 0 measurements. The effective Wtb couplings are studied in three kinds of new physics models: the G(221) = SU(2)1 ⊗ SU(2)2 ⊗ U(1) X models, the vector-like quark models and the Littlest Higgs model with and without T-parity. We show that the Wtb couplings in the left-right model and the un-unified model are sensitive to the ratio of gauge couplings when the new heavy gauge boson’s mass (M W‧) is less than several hundred GeV, but the constraint is loose if M W‧ > 1 TeV. Furthermore, the Wtb couplings in vector-like quark models and the Littlest Higgs models are sensitive to the mixing angles of new heavy particles and SM particles. Supported by National Science Foundation of China (11275009, 11675002, 11635001), National Science Foundation (PHY-1315983, PHY-1316033) and DOE (DE- SC0011095)

An almost trivial gauge theory in the limit of infinite gauge coupling constant.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaptanoglu, S.

A local SU(2) gauge theory with one multiplet of scalars in the adjoint representation is considered. In the limit of infinite gauge coupling constant Yang-Mills fields become auxiliary and the action possesses a larger invariance than the usual gauge invariance; hence, the system develops a richer structure of constraints. The constraint analysis is carried out.

Global-scale evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and hydrological modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beck, H.; Vergopolan, N.; Pan, M.; Levizzani, V.; van Dijk, A.; Weedon, G. P.; Brocca, L.; Huffman, G. J.; Wood, E. F.; William, L.

2017-12-01

We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000-2016. Twelve non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76,086 gauges worldwide. Another ten gauge-corrected ones were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the conceptual model HBV against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized (<50,000 km2) catchments worldwide, and comparing the resulting performance. Marked differences in spatio-temporal patterns and accuracy were found among the datasets. Among the uncorrected P datasets, the satellite- and reanalysis-based MSWEP-ng V1.2 and V2.0 datasets generally showed the best temporal correlations with the gauge observations, followed by the reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP-CFSR), the estimates based primarily on passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall (CMORPH V1.0, GSMaP V5/6, and TMPA 3B42RT V7) or near-surface soil moisture (SM2RAIN-ASCAT), and finally, estimates based primarily on thermal infrared imagery (GridSat V1.0, PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-CCS). Two of the three reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) unexpectedly obtained lower trend errors than the satellite datasets. Among the corrected P datasets, the ones directly incorporating daily gauge data (CPC Unified and MSWEP V1.2 and V2.0) generally provided the best calibration scores, although the good performance of the fully gauge-based CPC Unified is unlikely to translate to sparsely or ungauged regions. Next best results were obtained with P estimates directly incorporating temporally coarser gauge data (CHIRPS V2.0, GPCP-1DD V1.2, TMPA 3B42 V7, and WFDEI-CRU), which in turn outperformed those indirectly incorporating gauge data through other multi-source datasets (PERSIANN-CDR V1R1 and PGF). Our results highlight large differences in estimation accuracy, and hence, the importance of P dataset selection in both research and operational applications. The good performance of MSWEP emphasizes that careful data merging can exploit the complementary strengths of gauge-, satellite- and reanalysis-based P estimates.

Gauge Invariance and the Goldstone Theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guralnik, Gerald S.

This paper was originally created for and printed in the "Proceedings of seminar on unified theories of elementary particles" held in Feldafing, Germany from July 5 to 16, 1965 under the auspices of the Max-Planck-Institute for Physics and Astrophysics in Munich. It details and expands upon the 1964 Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble paper demonstrating that the Goldstone theorem does not require physical zero mass particles in gauge theories.

On a radiative origin of the Standard Model from trinification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camargo-Molina, José Eliel; Morais, António P.; Pasechnik, Roman; Wessén, Jonas

2016-09-01

In this work, we present a trinification-based grand unified theory incorporating a global SU(3) family symmetry that after a spontaneous breaking leads to a left-right symmetric model. Already at the classical level, this model can accommodate the matter content and the quark Cabbibo mixing in the Standard Model (SM) with only one Yukawa coupling at the unification scale. Considering the minimal low-energy scenario with the least amount of light states, we show that the resulting effective theory enables dynamical breaking of its gauge group down to that of the SM by means of radiative corrections accounted for by the renormalisation group evolution at one loop. This result paves the way for a consistent explanation of the SM breaking scale and fermion mass hierarchies.

Aspects of Superconformal Field Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gadde, Abhijit

Recently, a lot of progress has been made towards understanding the strongly coupled supersymmetric quantum gauge theories. The problem of strong coupling for SU(N) gauge theories can be formulated in two separate regimes of interest, one at finite N and the other at large N in 't Hooft limit. In the first case electric/magnetic duality also called S-duality and in the second, AdS/CFT duality map the strongly coupled problem to a weakly coupled one. Both of the dualities have been well understood in the maximally supersymmetric 4 d gauge theory, the N = 4 super Yang-Mills. In this thesis, as a natural next step, we focus on the strong coupling behavior in N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories.

Diffractive Scattering and Gauge/String Duality

ScienceCinema

Tan, Chung-I

2018-05-11

High-energy diffractive scattering will be discussed based on Gauge/String duality. As shown by Brower, Polchinski, Strassler and Tan, the ubiquitous Pomeron emerges naturally in gauge theories with string-theoretical descriptions. Its existence is intimately tied to gluons, and also to the energy-momentum tensor. With a confining dual background metric, the Pomeron can be interpreted as a 'massive graviton'. In a single unified step, both its infrared and ultraviolet properties are dealt with, reflecting confinement and conformal symmetry respectively. An effective field theory for high-energy scattering can be constructed. Applications based on this approach will also be described.

Noncommutative GUTs, Standard Model and C, P, T

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aschieri, P.; Jurčo, B.; Schupp, P.; Wess, J.

2003-02-01

Noncommutative Yang-Mills theories are sensitive to the choice of the representation that enters in the gauge kinetic term. We constrain this ambiguity by considering grand unified theories. We find that at first order in the noncommutativity parameter θ, SU(5) is not truly a unified theory, while SO(10) has a unique noncommutative generalization. In view of these results we discuss the noncommutative SM theory that is compatible with SO(10) GUT and find that there are no modifications to the SM gauge kinetic term at lowest order in θ. We study in detail the reality, Hermiticity and C, P, T properties of the Seiberg-Witten map and of the resulting effective actions expanded in ordinary fields. We find that in models of GUTs (or compatible with GUTs) right-handed fermions and left-handed ones appear with opposite Seiberg-Witten map.

Cosmology and unified gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oraifeartaigh, L.

1981-09-01

Theoretical points in common between cosmology and unified gauge theory (UGT) are reviewed, with attention given to areas of one which have proven useful for the other. The underlying principles for both theoretical frameworks are described, noting the differences in scale, i.e., 10 to the 25th cm in cosmology and 10 to the -15th cm for UGT. Cosmology has produced bounds on the number of existing neutrino species, and also on the mass of neutrinos, two factors of interest in particle physics. Electrons, protons, and neutrinos, having been spawned from the same massive leptons, each composed of three quarks, have been predicted to be present in equal numbers in the Universe by UGT, in line with necessities of cosmology. The Grand UGT also suggests specific time scales for proton decay, thus accounting for the observed baryon assymmetry.

Upper bound on the Abelian gauge coupling from asymptotic safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eichhorn, Astrid; Versteegen, Fleur

2018-01-01

We explore the impact of asymptotically safe quantum gravity on the Abelian gauge coupling in a model including a charged scalar, confirming indications that asymptotically safe quantum fluctuations of gravity could trigger a power-law running towards a free fixed point for the gauge coupling above the Planck scale. Simultaneously, quantum gravity fluctuations balance against matter fluctuations to generate an interacting fixed point, which acts as a boundary of the basin of attraction of the free fixed point. This enforces an upper bound on the infrared value of the Abelian gauge coupling. In the regime of gravity couplings which in our approximation also allows for a prediction of the top quark and Higgs mass close to the experimental value [1], we obtain an upper bound approximately 35% above the infrared value of the hypercharge coupling in the Standard Model.

Chiral primordial blue tensor spectra from the axion-gauge couplings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Obata, Ippei, E-mail: obata@tap.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp

We suggest the new feature of primordial gravitational waves sourced by the axion-gauge couplings, whose forms are motivated by the dimensional reduction of the form field in the string theory. In our inflationary model, as an inflaton we adopt two types of axion, dubbed the model-independent axion and the model-dependent axion, which couple with two gauge groups with different sign combination each other. Due to these forms both polarization modes of gauge fields are amplified and enhance both helicies of tensor modes during inflation. We point out the possibility that a primordial blue-tilted tensor power spectra with small chirality aremore » provided by the combination of these axion-gauge couplings, intriguingly both amplitudes and chirality are potentially testable by future space-based gravitational wave interferometers such as DECIGO and BBO project.« less

Global-scale evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and hydrological modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beck, Hylke E.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Pan, Ming; Levizzani, Vincenzo; van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.; Weedon, Graham P.; Brocca, Luca; Pappenberger, Florian; Huffman, George J.; Wood, Eric F.

2017-12-01

We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000-2016. Thirteen non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76 086 gauges worldwide. Another nine gauge-corrected datasets were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the HBV conceptual model against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized ( < 50 000 km2) catchments worldwide, and comparing the resulting performance. Marked differences in spatio-temporal patterns and accuracy were found among the datasets. Among the uncorrected P datasets, the satellite- and reanalysis-based MSWEP-ng V1.2 and V2.0 datasets generally showed the best temporal correlations with the gauge observations, followed by the reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP-CFSR) and the satellite- and reanalysis-based CHIRP V2.0 dataset, the estimates based primarily on passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall (CMORPH V1.0, GSMaP V5/6, and TMPA 3B42RT V7) or near-surface soil moisture (SM2RAIN-ASCAT), and finally, estimates based primarily on thermal infrared imagery (GridSat V1.0, PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-CCS). Two of the three reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) unexpectedly obtained lower trend errors than the satellite datasets. Among the corrected P datasets, the ones directly incorporating daily gauge data (CPC Unified, and MSWEP V1.2 and V2.0) generally provided the best calibration scores, although the good performance of the fully gauge-based CPC Unified is unlikely to translate to sparsely or ungauged regions. Next best results were obtained with P estimates directly incorporating temporally coarser gauge data (CHIRPS V2.0, GPCP-1DD V1.2, TMPA 3B42 V7, and WFDEI-CRU), which in turn outperformed the one indirectly incorporating gauge data through another multi-source dataset (PERSIANN-CDR V1R1). Our results highlight large differences in estimation accuracy, and hence the importance of P dataset selection in both research and operational applications. The good performance of MSWEP emphasizes that careful data merging can exploit the complementary strengths of gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based P estimates.

Analysis of a gauged model with a spin-1/2 field directly coupled to a Rarita-Schwinger spin-3/2 field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adler, Stephen L.

2018-02-01

We give a detailed analysis of an Abelianized gauge field model in which a Rarita-Schwinger spin-3/2 field is directly coupled to a spin-1/2 field. The model permits a perturbative expansion in powers of the gauge field coupling, and from the Feynman rules for the model we calculate the chiral anomaly.

String Scale Gauge Coupling Unification with Vector-Like Exotics and Noncanonical U(1)Y Normalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barger, V.; Jiang, Jing; Langacker, Paul; Li, Tianjun

We use a new approach to study string scale gauge coupling unification systematically, allowing both the possibility of noncanonical U(1)Y normalization and the existence of vector-like particles whose quantum numbers are the same as those of the Standard Model (SM) fermions and their Hermitian conjugates and the SM adjoint particles. We first give all the independent sets (Yi) of particles that can be employed to achieve SU(3)C and SU(2)L string scale gauge coupling unification and calculate their masses. Second, for a noncanonical U(1)Y normalization, we obtain string scale SU(3)C ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y gauge coupling unification by choosing suitable U(1)Y normalizations for each of the Yi sets. Alternatively, for the canonical U(1)Y normalization, we achieve string scale gauge coupling unification by considering suitable combinations of the Yi sets or by introducing additional independent sets (Zi), that do not affect the SU(3)C ×SU(2)L unification at tree level, and then choosing suitable combinations, one from the Yi sets and one from the Zi sets. We also briefly discuss string scale gauge coupling unification in models with higher Kac-Moody levels for SU(2)L or SU(3)C.

The need for an intermediate mass scale in GUTs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shafi, Q.

1983-01-01

The minimal SU(5) grand unified field theory (GUT) model fails to resolve the strong charge parity (CP) problem, suffers from the cosmological monopole problem, sheds no light on the nature of the 'dark' mass in the universe, and predicts an unacceptably low value for the baryon asymmetry. All these problems can be overcome in suitable grand unified axion models with an intermediate mass scale of about 10 to the 11th power to 10 to the 12th power GeV. An example based on the gauge group SO(10) is presented. Among other things, it predicts that the axions comprise the 'dark' mass in the universe, and that there exists a galactic monopole flux of 10 to the -8th power to 10 to the -7th power/sq cm/yr. Other topics that are briefly discussed include proton decay, family symmetry, neutrino masses and the gauge hierarchy problem.

Bosonization of free Weyl fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marino, E. C.

2017-03-01

We generalize the method of bosonization, in its complete form, to a spacetime with 3  +  1 dimensions, and apply it to free Weyl fermion fields, which thereby, can be expressed in terms of a boson field, namely the Kalb-Ramond anti-symmetric tensor gauge field. The result may have interesting consequences both in condensed matter and in particle physics. In the former, the bosonized form of the Weyl chiral currents provides a simple explanation for the angle-dependent magneto-conductance recently observed in materials known as Weyl semimetals. In the latter, conversely, since electrons can be thought of as a combination of left and right Weyl fermions, our result suggests the possibility of a unified description of the elementary particles, which undergo the fundamental interactions, with the mediators of such interactions, namely, the gauge fields. This would fulfill the pioneering attempt of Skyrme, to unify the particles with their interaction mediators (Skyrme 1962 Nucl. Phys. 31 556).

Connection dynamics of a gauge theory of gravity coupled with matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jian; Banerjee, Kinjal; Ma, Yongge

2013-10-01

We study the coupling of the gravitational action, which is a linear combination of the Hilbert-Palatini term and the quadratic torsion term, to the action of Dirac fermions. The system possesses local Poincare invariance and hence belongs to Poincare gauge theory (PGT) with matter. The complete Hamiltonian analysis of the theory is carried out without gauge fixing but under certain ansatz on the coupling parameters, which leads to a consistent connection dynamics with second-class constraints and torsion. After performing a partial gauge fixing, all second-class constraints can be solved, and a SU(2)-connection dynamical formalism of the theory can be obtained. Hence, the techniques of loop quantum gravity (LQG) can be employed to quantize this PGT with non-zero torsion. Moreover, the Barbero-Immirzi parameter in LQG acquires its physical meaning as the coupling parameter between the Hilbert-Palatini term and the quadratic torsion term in this gauge theory of gravity.

Hypermultiplet gaugings and supersymmetric solutions from 11D and massive IIA supergravity on H^{(p,q)} spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guarino, Adolfo

2018-03-01

Supersymmetric {AdS}4, {AdS}2 × Σ 2 and asymptotically AdS4 black hole solutions are studied in the context of non-minimal N=2 supergravity models involving three vector multiplets (STU-model) and Abelian gaugings of the universal hypermultiplet moduli space. Such models correspond to consistent subsectors of the {SO}(p,q) and {ISO}(p,q) gauged maximal supergravities that arise from the reduction of 11D and massive IIA supergravity on {H}^{(p,q)} spaces down to four dimensions. A unified description of all the models is provided in terms of a square-root prepotential and the gauging of a duality-hidden symmetry pair of the universal hypermultiplet. Some aspects of M-theory and massive IIA holography are mentioned in passing.

Ideal walking dynamics via a gauged NJL model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rantaharju, Jarno; Pica, Claudio; Sannino, Francesco

According to the ideal walking technicolor paradigm, large mass anomalous dimensions arise in gauged Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) models when the four-fermion coupling is sufficiently strong to induce spontaneous symmetry breaking in an otherwise conformal gauge theory. Therefore, we study the SU(2) gauged NJL model with two adjoint fermions using lattice simulations. The model is in an infrared conformal phase at small NJL coupling while it displays a chirally broken phase at large NJL couplings. In the infrared conformal phase, we find that the mass anomalous dimension varies with the NJL coupling, reaching γm ~ 1 close to the chiral symmetry breakingmore » transition, de facto making the present model the first explicit realization of the ideal walking scenario.« less

Soft thermal contributions to 3-loop gauge coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laine, M.; Schicho, P.; Schröder, Y.

2018-05-01

We analyze 3-loop contributions to the gauge coupling felt by ultrasoft ("magnetostatic") modes in hot Yang-Mills theory. So-called soft/hard terms, originating from dimension-six operators within the soft effective theory, are shown to cancel 1097/1098 of the IR divergence found in a recent determination of the hard 3-loop contribution to the soft gauge coupling. The remaining 1/1098 originates from ultrasoft/hard contributions, induced by dimension-six operators in the ultrasoft effective theory. Soft 3-loop contributions are likewise computed, and are found to be IR divergent, rendering the ultrasoft gauge coupling non-perturbative at relative order O({α}s^{3/2}) . We elaborate on the implications of these findings for effective theory studies of physical observables in thermal QCD.

Ideal walking dynamics via a gauged NJL model

DOE PAGES

Rantaharju, Jarno; Pica, Claudio; Sannino, Francesco

2017-07-25

According to the ideal walking technicolor paradigm, large mass anomalous dimensions arise in gauged Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) models when the four-fermion coupling is sufficiently strong to induce spontaneous symmetry breaking in an otherwise conformal gauge theory. Therefore, we study the SU(2) gauged NJL model with two adjoint fermions using lattice simulations. The model is in an infrared conformal phase at small NJL coupling while it displays a chirally broken phase at large NJL couplings. In the infrared conformal phase, we find that the mass anomalous dimension varies with the NJL coupling, reaching γm ~ 1 close to the chiral symmetry breakingmore » transition, de facto making the present model the first explicit realization of the ideal walking scenario.« less

The energy-momentum tensor(s) in classical gauge theories

DOE PAGES

Blaschke, Daniel N.; Gieres, François; Reboud, Méril; ...

2016-07-12

We give an introduction to, and review of, the energy-momentum tensors in classical gauge field theories in Minkowski space, and to some extent also in curved space-time. For the canonical energy-momentum tensor of non-Abelian gauge fields and of matter fields coupled to such fields, we present a new and simple improvement procedure based on gauge invariance for constructing a gauge invariant, symmetric energy-momentum tensor. In conclusion, the relationship with the Einstein-Hilbert tensor following from the coupling to a gravitational field is also discussed.

Gauge coupling beta functions in the standard model to three loops.

PubMed

Mihaila, Luminita N; Salomon, Jens; Steinhauser, Matthias

2012-04-13

In this Letter, we compute the three-loop corrections to the beta functions of the three gauge couplings in the standard model of particle physics using the minimal subtraction scheme and taking into account Yukawa and Higgs self-couplings.

Elastic Gauge Fields in Weyl Semimetals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortijo, Alberto; Ferreiros, Yago; Landsteiner, Karl; Hernandez Vozmediano, Maria Angeles

We show that, as it happens in graphene, elastic deformations couple to the electronic degrees of freedom as pseudo gauge fields in Weyl semimetals. We derive the form of the elastic gauge fields in a tight-binding model hosting Weyl nodes and see that this vector electron-phonon coupling is chiral, providing an example of axial gauge fields in three dimensions. As an example of the new response functions that arise associated to these elastic gauge fields, we derive a non-zero phonon Hall viscosity for the neutral system at zero temperature. The axial nature of the fields provides a test of the chiral anomaly in high energy with three axial vector couplings. European Union structural funds and the Comunidad de Madrid MAD2D-CM Program (S2013/MIT-3007).

Quantum corrections to non-Abelian SUSY theories on orbifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groot Nibbelink, Stefan; Hillenbach, Mark

2006-07-01

We consider supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories coupled to hyper multiplets on five and six dimensional orbifolds, S/Z and T/Z, respectively. We compute the bulk and local fixed point renormalizations of the gauge couplings. To this end we extend supergraph techniques to these orbifolds by defining orbifold compatible delta functions. We develop their properties in detail. To cancel the bulk one-loop divergences the bulk gauge kinetic terms and dimension six higher derivative operators are required. The gauge couplings renormalize at the Z fixed points due to vector multiplet self interactions; the hyper multiplet renormalizes only non- Z fixed points. In 6D the Wess-Zumino-Witten term and a higher derivative analogue have to renormalize in the bulk as well to preserve 6D gauge invariance.

Gauge Gravity and Electroweak Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hestenes, David

2008-09-01

Reformulation of the Dirac equation in terms of the real Spacetime Algebra (STA) reveals hidden geometric structure, including a geometric role for the unit imaginary as generator of rotations in a spacelike plane. The STA and the real Dirac equation play essential roles in a new Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG) version of General Relativity (GR). Besides clarifying the conceptual foundations of GR and facilitating complex computations, GTG opens up new possibilities for a unified gauge theory of gravity and quantum mechanics, including spacetime geometry of electroweak interactions. The Weinberg-Salam model fits perfectly into this geometric framework, and a promising variant that replaces chiral states with Majorana states is formulated to incorporate zitterbewegung in electron states.

Infrared fixed point of SU(2) gauge theory with six flavors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leino, Viljami; Rummukainen, Kari; Suorsa, Joni; Tuominen, Kimmo; Tähtinen, Sara

2018-06-01

We compute the running of the coupling in SU(2) gauge theory with six fermions in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. We find strong evidence that this theory has an infrared stable fixed point at strong coupling and measure also the anomalous dimension of the fermion mass operator at the fixed point. This theory therefore likely lies close to the boundary of the conformal window and will display novel infrared dynamics if coupled with the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.

Dependence of the propagators on the sampling of Gribov copies inside the first Gribov region of Landau gauge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maas, Axel

2017-12-01

Beyond perturbation theory the number of gauge copies drastically increases due to the Gribov-Singer ambiguity. Any way of treating them defines, in principle, a new, non-perturbative gauge, and the gauge-dependent correlation functions can vary between them. Herein various such gauges will be constructed as completions of the Landau gauge inside the first Gribov region. The dependence of the propagators and the running coupling on these gauges will be studied for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in two, three, and four dimensions using lattice gauge theory, and for a wide range of lattice parameters. While the gluon propagator is rather insensitive to the choice, the ghost propagator and the running coupling show a stronger dependence. It is also found that the influence of lattice artifacts is larger than in minimal Landau gauge.

Gauged multisoliton baby Skyrme model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samoilenka, A.; Shnir, Ya.

2016-03-01

We present a study of U (1 ) gauged modification of the 2 +1 -dimensional planar Skyrme model with a particular choice of the symmetry breaking potential term which combines a short-range repulsion and a long-range attraction. In the absence of the gauge interaction, the multisolitons of the model are aloof, as they consist of the individual constituents which are well separated. A peculiar feature of the model is that there are usually several different stable static multisoliton solutions of rather similar energy in a topological sector of given degree. We investigate the pattern of the solutions and find new previously unknown local minima. It is shown that coupling of the aloof planar multi-Skyrmions to the magnetic field strongly affects the pattern of interaction between the constituents. We analyze the dependency of the structure of the solutions, their energies, and magnetic fluxes on the strength of the gauge coupling. It is found that, generically, in the strong coupling limit, the coupling to the gauge field results in effective recovery of the rotational invariance of the configuration.

Running coupling from gluon and ghost propagators in the Landau gauge: Yang-Mills theories with adjoint fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bergner, Georg; Piemonte, Stefano

2018-04-01

Non-Abelian gauge theories with fermions transforming in the adjoint representation of the gauge group (AdjQCD) are a fundamental ingredient of many models that describe the physics beyond the Standard Model. Two relevant examples are N =1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory and minimal walking technicolor, which are gauge theories coupled to one adjoint Majorana and two adjoint Dirac fermions, respectively. While confinement is a property of N =1 SYM, minimal walking technicolor is expected to be infrared conformal. We study the propagators of ghost and gluon fields in the Landau gauge to compute the running coupling in the MiniMom scheme. We analyze several different ensembles of lattice Monte Carlo simulations for the SU(2) adjoint QCD with Nf=1 /2 ,1 ,3 /2 , and 2 Dirac fermions. We show how the running of the coupling changes as the number of interacting fermions is increased towards the conformal window.

Surveying the SO(10) model landscape: The left-right symmetric case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deppisch, Frank F.; Gonzalo, Tomás E.; Graf, Lukas

2017-09-01

Grand unified theories (GUTs) are a very well motivated extensions of the Standard Model (SM), but the landscape of models and possibilities is overwhelming, and different patterns can lead to rather distinct phenomenologies. In this work we present a way to automatize the model building process, by considering a top to bottom approach that constructs viable and sensible theories from a small and controllable set of inputs at the high scale. By providing a GUT scale symmetry group and the field content, possible symmetry breaking paths are generated and checked for consistency, ensuring anomaly cancellation, SM embedding and gauge coupling unification. We emphasize the usefulness of this approach for the particular case of a nonsupersymmetric SO(10) model with an intermediate left-right symmetry, and we analyze how low-energy observables such as proton decay and lepton flavor violation might affect the generated model landscape.

Flavor physics without flavor symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchmuller, Wilfried; Patel, Ketan M.

2018-04-01

We quantitatively analyze a quark-lepton flavor model derived from a six-dimensional supersymmetric theory with S O (10 )×U (1 ) gauge symmetry, compactified on an orbifold with magnetic flux. Two bulk 16 -plets charged under the U (1 ) provide the three quark-lepton generations whereas two uncharged 10 -plets yield two Higgs doublets. At the orbifold fixed points mass matrices are generated with rank one or two. Moreover, the zero modes mix with heavy vectorlike split multiplets. The model possesses no flavor symmetries. Nevertheless, there exist a number of relations between Yukawa couplings, remnants of the underlying grand unified theory symmetry and the wave function profiles of the zero modes, which lead to a prediction of the light neutrino mass scale, mν 1˜10-3 eV and heavy Majorana neutrino masses in the range from 1 012 to 1 014 GeV . The model successfully includes thermal leptogenesis.

Probing the holographic principle using dynamical gauge effects from open spin-orbit coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jianshi; Price, Craig; Liu, Qi; Gemelke, Nathan

2016-05-01

Dynamical gauge fields result from locally defined symmetries and an effective over-labeling of quantum states. Coupling atoms weakly to a reservoir of laser modes can create an effective dynamical gauge field purely due to the disregard of information in the optical states. Here we report measurements revealing effects of open spin-orbit coupling in a system where an effective model can be formed from a non-abelian SU(2) × U(1) field theory following the Yang-Mills construct. Forming a close analogy to dynamical gauge effects in quantum chromodynamics, we extract a measure of atomic motion which reveals the analog of a closing mass gap for the relevant gauge boson, shedding insight on long standing open problems in gauge-fixing scale anomalies. Using arguments following the holographic principle, we measure scaling relations which can be understood by quantifying information present in the local potential. New prospects using these techniques for developing fractionalization of multi-particle and macroscopic systems using dissipative and non-abelian gauge fields will also be discussed. We acknowledge support from NSF Award No. 1068570, and the Charles E. Kaufman Foundation.

Gauging hidden symmetries in two dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samtleben, Henning; Weidner, Martin

2007-08-01

We initiate the systematic construction of gauged matter-coupled supergravity theories in two dimensions. Subgroups of the affine global symmetry group of toroidally compactified supergravity can be gauged by coupling vector fields with minimal couplings and a particular topological term. The gauge groups typically include hidden symmetries that are not among the target-space isometries of the ungauged theory. The gaugings constructed in this paper are described group-theoretically in terms of a constant embedding tensor subject to a number of constraints which parametrizes the different theories and entirely encodes the gauged Lagrangian. The prime example is the bosonic sector of the maximally supersymmetric theory whose ungauged version admits an affine fraktur e9 global symmetry algebra. The various parameters (related to higher-dimensional p-form fluxes, geometric and non-geometric fluxes, etc.) which characterize the possible gaugings, combine into an embedding tensor transforming in the basic representation of fraktur e9. This yields an infinite-dimensional class of maximally supersymmetric theories in two dimensions. We work out and discuss several examples of higher-dimensional origin which can be systematically analyzed using the different gradings of fraktur e9.

Threshold and flavor effects in the renormalization group equations of the MSSM: Dimensionless couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Box, Andrew D.; Tata, Xerxes

2008-03-01

In a theory with broken supersymmetry, gaugino couplings renormalize differently from gauge couplings, as do higgsino couplings from Higgs boson couplings. As a result, we expect the gauge (Higgs boson) couplings and the corresponding gaugino (higgsino) couplings to evolve to different values under renormalization group evolution. We reexamine the renormalization group equations (RGEs) for these couplings in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). To include threshold effects, we calculate the β functions using a sequence of (nonsupersymmetric) effective theories with heavy particles decoupled at the scale of their mass. We find that the difference between the SM couplings and their SUSY cousins that is ignored in the literature may be larger than two-loop effects which are included, and further that renormalization group evolution induces a nontrivial flavor structure in gaugino interactions. We present here the coupled set of RGEs for these dimensionless gauge and Yukawa-type couplings. The RGEs for the dimensionful soft-supersymmetry-breaking parameters of the MSSM will be presented in a companion paper.

Non-Abelian gauge preheating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adshead, Peter; Giblin, John T.; Weiner, Zachary J.

2017-12-01

We study preheating in models where a scalar inflaton is directly coupled to a non-Abelian S U (2 ) gauge field. In particular, we examine m2ϕ2 inflation with a conformal, dilatonlike coupling to the non-Abelian sector. We describe a numerical scheme that combines lattice gauge theory with standard finite difference methods applied to the scalar field. We show that a significant tachyonic instability allows for efficient preheating, which is parametrically suppressed by increasing the non-Abelian self-coupling. Additionally, we comment on the technical implementation of the evolution scheme and setting initial conditions.

Determining triple gauge boson couplings from Higgs data.

PubMed

Corbett, Tyler; Éboli, O J P; Gonzalez-Fraile, J; Gonzalez-Garcia, M C

2013-07-05

In the framework of effective Lagrangians with the SU(2)(L)×U(1)(Y) symmetry linearly realized, modifications of the couplings of the Higgs field to the electroweak gauge bosons are related to anomalous triple gauge couplings (TGCs). Here, we show that the analysis of the latest Higgs boson production data at the LHC and Tevatron give rise to strong bounds on TGCs that are complementary to those from direct TGC analysis. We present the constraints on TGCs obtained by combining all available data on direct TGC studies and on Higgs production analysis.

Constraints from triple gauge couplings on vectorlike leptons

DOE PAGES

Bertuzzo, Enrico; Machado, Pedro A. N.; Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F.; ...

2017-08-30

Here, we study the contributions of colorless vectorlike fermions to the triple gauge couplings W +W -γ and W +W -Z 0. We consider models in which their coupling to the Standard Model Higgs boson is allowed or forbidden by quantum numbers. We assess the sensitivity of the future accelerators FCC-ee, ILC, and CLIC to the parameters of these models, assuming they will be able to constrain the anomalous triple gauge couplings with precision δ κV~O(10 -4), V = γ,Z 0. We show that the combination of measurements at different center-of-mass energies helps to improve the sensitivity to the contributionmore » of vectorlike fermions, in particular when they couple to the Higgs. In fact, the measurements at the FCC-ee and, especially, the ILC and the CLIC, may turn the triple gauge couplings into a new set of precision parameters able to constrain the models better than the oblique parameters or the H → γγ decay, even assuming the considerable improvement of the latter measurements achievable at the new machines.« less

Constraints from triple gauge couplings on vectorlike leptons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bertuzzo, Enrico; Machado, Pedro A. N.; Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F.

Here, we study the contributions of colorless vectorlike fermions to the triple gauge couplings W +W -γ and W +W -Z 0. We consider models in which their coupling to the Standard Model Higgs boson is allowed or forbidden by quantum numbers. We assess the sensitivity of the future accelerators FCC-ee, ILC, and CLIC to the parameters of these models, assuming they will be able to constrain the anomalous triple gauge couplings with precision δ κV~O(10 -4), V = γ,Z 0. We show that the combination of measurements at different center-of-mass energies helps to improve the sensitivity to the contributionmore » of vectorlike fermions, in particular when they couple to the Higgs. In fact, the measurements at the FCC-ee and, especially, the ILC and the CLIC, may turn the triple gauge couplings into a new set of precision parameters able to constrain the models better than the oblique parameters or the H → γγ decay, even assuming the considerable improvement of the latter measurements achievable at the new machines.« less

Exact BPS domain walls at finite gauge coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blaschke, Filip

2017-01-01

Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield solitons in models with spontaneously broken gauge symmetry have been intensively studied at the infinite gauge coupling limit, where the governing equation-the so-called master equation-is exactly solvable. Except for a handful of special solutions, the standing impression is that analytic results at finite coupling are generally unavailable. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, using domain walls in Abelian-Higgs models as the simplest example, that exact solitons at finite gauge coupling can be readily obtained if the number of Higgs fields (NF ) is large enough. In particular, we present a family of exact solutions, describing N domain walls at arbitrary positions in models with at least NF≥2 N +1 . We have also found that adding together any pair of solutions can produce a new exact solution if the combined tension is below a certain limit.

Gauge Field Localization on Deformed Branes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tofighi, A.; Moazzen, M.; Farokhtabar, A.

2016-02-01

In this paper, we utilise the Chumbes-Holf da Silva-Hott (CHH) mechanism to investigate the issue of gauge field localization on a deformed brane constructed with one scalar field, which can be coupled to gravity minimally or non-minimally. The study of deformed defects is important because they contain internal structures which may have implications in braneworld models. With the CHH mechanism, we find that the massless zero mode of gauge field, in the case of minimal or non-minimal coupling is localized on the brane. Moreover, in the case of non-minimal coupling, it is shown that, when the non-minimal coupling constant is larger than its critical value, then the zero mode is localized on each sub brane.

Existence of topological multi-string solutions in Abelian gauge field theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jongmin; Sohn, Juhee

2017-11-01

In this paper, we consider a general form of self-dual equations arising from Abelian gauge field theories coupled with the Einstein equations. By applying the super/subsolution method, we prove that topological multi-string solutions exist for any coupling constant, which improves previously known results. We provide two examples for application: the self-dual Einstein-Maxwell-Higgs model and the gravitational Maxwell gauged O(3) sigma model.

A Model of Direct Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murayama, Hitoshi

1997-07-01

We present the first phenomenologically viable model of gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking without a messenger sector or gauge singlet fields. The standard model gauge groups couple directly to the sector which breaks supersymmetry dynamically. Despite the direct coupling, it can preserve perturbative gauge unification thanks to the inverted hierarchy mechanism. There is no dangerous negative contribution to m2q~, m2l~ due to two-loop renormalization group equation. The potentially nonuniversal supergravity contribution to m2q~ and m2l~ can be suppressed enough. The model is completely chiral, and one does not need to forbid mass terms for the messenger fields by hand. Cosmology of the model is briefly discussed.

Anomalous Z' and diboson resonances at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail, Ahmed; Katz, Andrey

2018-04-01

We propose novel collider searches which can significantly improve the LHC reach to new gauge bosons Z' with mixed anomalies with the electroweak (EW) gauge group. Such a Z' necessarily acquires a Chern-Simons coupling to the EW gauge bosons and these couplings can drive both exotic Z decays into Z'γ if the new gauge boson is sufficiently light, as well as Z' decays into EW gauge bosons. While the exotic decay rate of the heavy Z into Z'γ is too small to be observed at the LHC, for a light Z', we show the potential of a lepton jet search in association with a photon to probe the rare decay Z → Z'γ.

On the energy-momentum tensor in Moyal space

DOE PAGES

Balasin, Herbert; Blaschke, Daniel N.; Gieres, François; ...

2015-06-26

We study the properties of the energy-momentum tensor of gauge fields coupled to matter in non-commutative (Moyal) space. In general, the non-commutativity affects the usual conservation law of the tensor as well as its transformation properties (gauge covariance instead of gauge invariance). It is known that the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor can be achieved by a redefinition involving another starproduct. Furthermore, for a pure gauge theory it is always possible to define a gauge invariant energy-momentum tensor by means of a Wilson line. We show that the latter two procedures are incompatible with each other if couplings of gaugemore » fields to matter fields (scalars or fermions) are considered: The gauge invariant tensor (constructed via Wilson line) does not allow for a redefinition assuring its conservation, and vice-versa the introduction of another star-product does not allow for gauge invariance by means of a Wilson line.« less

The minimal GUT with inflaton and dark matter unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Heng-Yu; Gogoladze, Ilia; Hu, Shan; Li, Tianjun; Wu, Lina

2018-01-01

Giving up the solutions to the fine-tuning problems, we propose the non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5)× U(1)_X model based on the minimal particle content principle, which can be constructed from the four-dimensional SO(10) models, five-dimensional orbifold SO(10) models, and local F-theory SO(10) models. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we introduce one pair of vector-like fermions, which form a complete SU(5)× U(1)_X representation. The proton lifetime is around 5× 10^{35} years, neutrino masses and mixing can be explained via the seesaw mechanism, baryon asymmetry can be generated via leptogenesis, and the vacuum stability problem can be solved as well. In particular, we propose that inflaton and dark matter particles can be unified to a real scalar field with Z_2 symmetry, which is not an axion and does not have the non-minimal coupling to gravity. Such a kind of scenarios can be applied to the generic scalar dark matter models. Also, we find that the vector-like particle corrections to the B_s^0 masses might be about 6.6%, while their corrections to the K^0 and B_d^0 masses are negligible.

Atomic quantum simulation of dynamical gauge fields coupled to fermionic matter: from string breaking to evolution after a quench.

PubMed

Banerjee, D; Dalmonte, M; Müller, M; Rico, E; Stebler, P; Wiese, U-J; Zoller, P

2012-10-26

Using a Fermi-Bose mixture of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we construct a quantum simulator for a U(1) gauge theory coupled to fermionic matter. The construction is based on quantum links which realize continuous gauge symmetry with discrete quantum variables. At low energies, quantum link models with staggered fermions emerge from a Hubbard-type model which can be quantum simulated. This allows us to investigate string breaking as well as the real-time evolution after a quench in gauge theories, which are inaccessible to classical simulation methods.

Flavor hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories via 5-dimensional wave-function localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitano, Ryuichiro; Li, Tianjun

2003-06-01

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the large angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of horizontal unification, in which three generations of matter fields are unified to a 3-dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group.

Ultrastrong coupling in supersymmetric gauge theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buchel, Alex

1999-10-04

We study 'ultrastrong' coupling points in scale-invariant N=2 gauge theories. These are theories where, naively, the coupling becomes infinite, and is not related by S-duality to a weak coupling point. These theories have been somewhat of a mystery, since in the M-theory description they correspond to points where parallel M 5-branes coincide. Using the low-energy effective field theory arguments we relate these theories to other known N=2 CFT.

Asymptotically Safe Standard Model via Vectorlike Fermions.

PubMed

Mann, R B; Meffe, J R; Sannino, F; Steele, T G; Wang, Z W; Zhang, C

2017-12-29

We construct asymptotically safe extensions of the standard model by adding gauged vectorlike fermions. Using large number-of-flavor techniques we argue that all gauge couplings, including the hypercharge and, under certain conditions, the Higgs coupling, can achieve an interacting ultraviolet fixed point.

Asymptotically Safe Standard Model via Vectorlike Fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mann, R. B.; Meffe, J. R.; Sannino, F.; Steele, T. G.; Wang, Z. W.; Zhang, C.

2017-12-01

We construct asymptotically safe extensions of the standard model by adding gauged vectorlike fermions. Using large number-of-flavor techniques we argue that all gauge couplings, including the hypercharge and, under certain conditions, the Higgs coupling, can achieve an interacting ultraviolet fixed point.

Investigation of unifying transcutaneous transformer for transmission of energy and information.

PubMed

Tamura, Nozomi; Yamamoto, Takahiko; Aoki, Hirooki; Koshiji, Kohji; Homma, Akihiko; Tatsumi, Eisuke; Taenaka, Yoshiyuki

2009-01-01

When patients are fitted with a totally implantable artificial heart (TAH), they need to be implanted with two additional devices: one for the transmission of energy and one for information. However, this is a cumbersome process that affects the quality of life of the recipient. Therefore, we investigated the use of electromagnetic coupling for the transmission of energy and information and the possibility of unifying two transcutaneous transformers for the simultaneous transmission of energy and information. While unifying the transformers, it is important to suppress the electromagnetic coupling between energy and information transmission. Therefore, we ensured that the electromagnetic fields generated from the transformer windings for the transmissions of information and energy intersected perpendicularly. If the fields are perpendicular, the electromagnetic coupling between the energy and information transmissions will be suppressed significantly. The characteristics of the simultaneous transmission of information and energy using the unified transcutaneous transformer, developed experimentally, were evaluated by changing the number of windings used for the transmission of information. The electromagnetic coupling between the energy and information transmissions was suppressed by determining the direction of the magnetic field. Moreover, the optimum number of transformer windings required for the simultaneous transmission of energy and information was determined. We concluded that the externally coupled transcutaneous transformer unified for the simultaneous transmission of energy and information performed with good transmission characteristics.

History of electroweak symmetry breaking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kibble, T. W. B.

2015-07-01

In this talk, I recall the history of the development of the unified electroweak theory, incorporating the symmetry-breaking Higgs mechanism, as I saw it from my standpoint as a member of Abdus Salam's group at Imperial College. I start by describing the state of physics in the years after the Second World War, explain how the goal of a unified gauge theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions emerged, the obstacles encountered, in particular the Goldstone theorem, and how they were overcome, followed by a brief account of more recent history, culminating in the historic discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012.

A Geometric Characterization of Certain First Integrals for Nonholonomic Systems with Symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balseiro, Paula; Sansonetto, Nicola

2016-02-01

We study the existence of first integrals in nonholonomic systems with symmetry. First we define the concept of M-cotangent lift of a vector field on a manifold Q in order to unify the works [Balseiro P., Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 214 (2014), 453-501, arXiv:1301.1091], [Fassò F., Ramos A., Sansonetto N., Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 12 (2007), 579-588], and [Fassò F., Giacobbe A., Sansonetto N., Rep. Math. Phys. 62 (2008), 345-367]. Second, we study gauge symmetries and gauge momenta, in the cases in which there are the symmetries that satisfy the so-called vertical symmetry condition. Under such condition we can predict the number of linearly independent first integrals (that are gauge momenta). We illustrate the theory with two examples.

String-inspired special grand unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamatsu, Naoki

2017-10-01

We discuss a grand unified theory (GUT) based on an SO(32) GUT gauge group broken to its subgroups including a special subgroup. In the SO(32) GUT on the six-dimensional (6D) orbifold space M^4× T^2/\\mathbb{Z}_2, one generation of the standard model fermions can be embedded into a 6D bulk Weyl fermion in the SO(32) vector representation. We show that for a three-generation model, all the 6D and 4D gauge anomalies in the bulk and on the fixed points are canceled out without exotic chiral fermions at low energies.

Chiral gravitational waves and baryon superfluid dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexander, Stephon; McDonough, Evan; Spergel, David N.

2018-05-01

We develop a unified model of darkgenesis and baryogenesis involving strongly interacting dark quarks, utilizing the gravitational anomaly of chiral gauge theories. In these models, both the visible and dark baryon asymmetries are generated by the gravitational anomaly induced by the presence of chiral primordial gravitational waves. We provide a concrete model of an SU(2) gauge theory with two massless quarks. In this model, the dark quarks condense and form a dark baryon charge superfluid (DBS), in which the Higgs-mode acts as cold dark matter. We elucidate the essential features of this dark matter scenario and discuss its phenomenological prospects.

Unification of Gauge Couplings in the E{sub 6}SSM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Athron, P.; King, S. F.; Luo, R.

2010-02-10

We argue that in the two--loop approximation gauge coupling unification in the exceptional supersymmetric standard model (E{sub 6}SSM) can be achieved for any phenomenologically reasonable value of alpha{sub 3}(M{sub Z}) consistent with the experimentally measured central value.

An effective strong-coupling theory of composite particles in UV-domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xue, She-Sheng

2017-05-01

We briefly review the effective field theory of massive composite particles, their gauge couplings and characteristic energy scale in the UV-domain of UV-stable fixed point of strong four-fermion coupling, then mainly focus the discussions on the decay channels of composite particles into the final states of the SM gauge bosons, leptons and quarks. We calculate the rates of composite bosons decaying into two gauge bosons γγ, γZ 0, W + W -, Z 0 Z 0 and give the ratios of decay rates of different channels depending on gauge couplings only. It is shown that a composite fermion decays into an elementary fermion and a composite boson, the latter being an intermediate state decays into two gauge bosons, leading to a peculiar kinematics of final states of a quark (or a lepton) and two gauge bosons. These provide experimental implications of such an effective theory of composite particles beyond the SM. We also present some speculative discussions on the channels of composite fermions decaying into W W , W Z and ZZ two boson-tagged jets with quark jets, or to four-quark jets. Moreover, at the same energy scale of composite particles produced in high-energy experiments, composite particles are also produced by high-energy sterile neutrino (dark matter) collisions, their decays lead to excesses of cosmic ray particles in space and signals of SM particles in underground laboratories.

Hyperunified field theory and gravitational gauge-geometry duality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yue-Liang

2018-01-01

A hyperunified field theory is built in detail based on the postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence along with the conformal scaling symmetry. All elementary particles are merged into a single hyper-spinor field and all basic forces are unified into a fundamental interaction governed by the hyper-spin gauge symmetry SP(1, D_h-1). The dimension D_h of hyper-spacetime is conjectured to have a physical origin in correlation with the hyper-spin charge of elementary particles. The hyper-gravifield fiber bundle structure of biframe hyper-spacetime appears naturally with the globally flat Minkowski hyper-spacetime as a base spacetime and the locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime as a fiber that is viewed as a dynamically emerged hyper-spacetime characterized by a non-commutative geometry. The gravitational origin of gauge symmetry is revealed with the hyper-gravifield that plays an essential role as a Goldstone-like field. The gauge-gravity and gravity-geometry correspondences bring about the gravitational gauge-geometry duality. The basic properties of hyperunified field theory and the issue on the fundamental scale are analyzed within the framework of quantum field theory, which allows us to describe the laws of nature in deriving the gauge gravitational equation with the conserved current and the geometric gravitational equations of Einstein-like type and beyond.

One-loop perturbative coupling of A and A⊙ through the chiral overlap operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makino, Hiroki; Morikawa, Okuto; Suzuki, Hiroshi

2017-06-01

We study the one-loop effective action defined by the chiral overlap operator in the four-dimensional lattice formulation of chiral gauge theories by Grabowska and Kaplan. In the tree-level continuum limit, the left-handed component of the fermion is coupled only to the original gauge field A, while the right-handed one is coupled only to A_\\star, which is given by the gradient flow of A with infinite flow time. In this paper, we show that the continuum limit of the one-loop effective action contains local interaction terms between A and A_\\star, which do not generally vanish even if the gauge representation of the fermion is anomaly free. We argue that the presence of such interaction terms can be regarded as undesired gauge symmetry-breaking effects in the formulation.

Integrable hierarchies of Heisenberg ferromagnet equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nugmanova, G.; Azimkhanova, A.

2016-08-01

In this paper we consider the coupled Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system. From compatibility conditions we obtain the form of matrix operators. After using a gauge transformation, obtained a new type of Lax representation for the hierarchy of Heisenberg ferromagnet equation, which is equivalent to the gauge coupled Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system.

The ATLAS diboson resonance in non-supersymmetric SO(10)

DOE PAGES

Evans, Jason L.; Nagata, Natsumi; Olive, Keith A.; ...

2016-02-18

SO(10) grand uni cation accommodates intermediate gauge symmetries with which gauge coupling uni cation can be realized without supersymmetry. In this paper, we discuss the possibility that a new massive gauge boson associated with an intermediate gauge symmetry explains the excess observed in the diboson resonance search recently reported by the ATLAS experiment. The model we find has two intermediate symmetries, SU(4) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2) R and SU(3) C Ⓧ SU(2) L Ⓧ SU(2)R Ⓧ U(1) B-L, where the latter gauge group is broken at the TeV scale. This model achieves gauge coupling uni cation with amore » uni cation scale su fficiently high to avoid proton decay. In addition, this model provides a good dark matter candidates, whose stability is guaranteed by a Z 2 symmetry present after the spontaneous breaking of the intermediate gauge symmetries. In addition, we discuss prospects for testing these models in the forthcoming LHC experiments and dark matter detection experiments.« less

Conformal Symmetry as a Template for QCD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brodsky, S

2004-08-04

Conformal symmetry is broken in physical QCD; nevertheless, one can use conformal symmetry as a template, systematically correcting for its nonzero {beta} function as well as higher-twist effects. For example, commensurate scale relations which relate QCD observables to each other, such as the generalized Crewther relation, have no renormalization scale or scheme ambiguity and retain a convergent perturbative structure which reflects the underlying conformal symmetry of the classical theory. The ''conformal correspondence principle'' also dictates the form of the expansion basis for hadronic distribution amplitudes. The AdS/CFT correspondence connecting superstring theory to superconformal gauge theory has important implications for hadronmore » phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for hard exclusive processes as well as determining essential aspects of hadronic light-front wavefunctions. Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that QCD couplings based on physical observables such as {tau} decay become constant at small virtuality; i.e., effective charges develop an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings also suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer. The importance of using an analytic effective charge such as the pinch scheme for unifying the electroweak and strong couplings and forces is also emphasized.« less

A symmetry breaking mechanism by parity assignment in the noncommutative Higgs model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Masaki J. S.

2017-12-01

We apply the orbifold grand unified theory (GUT) mechanism to the noncommutative Higgs model. An assignment of Z2 parity to the “constituent fields” induces parity assignments of both the gauge and Higgs bosons, because these bosons are treated as some kind of composite fields in this formalism.

Mass gap in the weak coupling limit of (2 +1 )-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anishetty, Ramesh; Sreeraj, T. P.

2018-04-01

We develop the dual description of (2 +1 )-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory as interacting "Abelian-like" electric loops by using Schwinger bosons. "Point splitting" of the lattice enables us to construct explicit Hilbert space for the gauge invariant theory which in turn makes dynamics more transparent. Using path integral representation in phase space, the interacting closed loop dynamics is analyzed in the weak coupling limit to get the mass gap.

Massless spectra and gauge couplings at one-loop on non-factorisable toroidal orientifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berasaluce-González, Mikel; Honecker, Gabriele; Seifert, Alexander

2018-01-01

So-called 'non-factorisable' toroidal orbifolds can be rewritten in a factorised form as a product of three two-tori by imposing an additional shift symmetry. This finding of Blaszczyk et al. [1] provides a new avenue to Conformal Field Theory methods, by which the vector-like massless matter spectrum - and thereby the type of gauge group enhancement on orientifold invariant fractional D6-branes - and the one-loop corrections to the gauge couplings in Type IIA orientifold theories can be computed in addition to the well-established chiral matter spectrum derived from topological intersection numbers among three-cycles. We demonstrate this framework for the Z4 × ΩR orientifolds on the A3 ×A1 ×B2-type torus. As observed before for factorisable backgrounds, also here the one-loop correction can drive the gauge groups to stronger coupling as demonstrated by means of a four-generation Pati-Salam example.

MSWEP: 3-hourly 0.25° global gridded precipitation (1979-2015) by merging gauge, satellite, and reanalysis data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beck, Hylke E.; van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.; Levizzani, Vincenzo; Schellekens, Jaap; Miralles, Diego G.; Martens, Brecht; de Roo, Ad

2017-01-01

Current global precipitation (P) datasets do not take full advantage of the complementary nature of satellite and reanalysis data. Here, we present Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) version 1.1, a global P dataset for the period 1979-2015 with a 3-hourly temporal and 0.25° spatial resolution, specifically designed for hydrological modeling. The design philosophy of MSWEP was to optimally merge the highest quality P data sources available as a function of timescale and location. The long-term mean of MSWEP was based on the CHPclim dataset but replaced with more accurate regional datasets where available. A correction for gauge under-catch and orographic effects was introduced by inferring catchment-average P from streamflow (Q) observations at 13 762 stations across the globe. The temporal variability of MSWEP was determined by weighted averaging of P anomalies from seven datasets; two based solely on interpolation of gauge observations (CPC Unified and GPCC), three on satellite remote sensing (CMORPH, GSMaP-MVK, and TMPA 3B42RT), and two on atmospheric model reanalysis (ERA-Interim and JRA-55). For each grid cell, the weight assigned to the gauge-based estimates was calculated from the gauge network density, while the weights assigned to the satellite- and reanalysis-based estimates were calculated from their comparative performance at the surrounding gauges. The quality of MSWEP was compared against four state-of-the-art gauge-adjusted P datasets (WFDEI-CRU, GPCP-1DD, TMPA 3B42, and CPC Unified) using independent P data from 125 FLUXNET tower stations around the globe. MSWEP obtained the highest daily correlation coefficient (R) among the five P datasets for 60.0 % of the stations and a median R of 0.67 vs. 0.44-0.59 for the other datasets. We further evaluated the performance of MSWEP using hydrological modeling for 9011 catchments (< 50 000 km2) across the globe. Specifically, we calibrated the simple conceptual hydrological model HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) against daily Q observations with P from each of the different datasets. For the 1058 sparsely gauged catchments, representative of 83.9 % of the global land surface (excluding Antarctica), MSWEP obtained a median calibration NSE of 0.52 vs. 0.29-0.39 for the other P datasets. MSWEP is available via http://www.gloh2o.org.

Gravitational wave-Gauge field oscillations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldwell, R. R.; Devulder, C.; Maksimova, N. A.

2016-09-01

Gravitational waves propagating through a stationary gauge field transform into gauge field waves and back again. When multiple families of flavor-space locked gauge fields are present, the gravitational and gauge field waves exhibit novel dynamics. At high frequencies, the system behaves like coupled oscillators in which the gravitational wave is the central pacemaker. Due to energy conservation and exchange among the oscillators, the wave amplitudes lie on a multidimensional sphere, reminiscent of neutrino flavor oscillations. This phenomenon has implications for cosmological scenarios based on flavor-space locked gauge fields.

A Model of Direct Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Murayama, H.

1997-07-01

We present the first phenomenologically viable model of gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking without a messenger sector or gauge singlet fields. The standard model gauge groups couple directly to the sector which breaks supersymmetry dynamically. Despite the direct coupling, it can preserve perturbative gauge unification thanks to the inverted hierarchy mechanism. There is no dangerous negative contribution to m{sup 2}{sub {tilde q}} , m{sup 2}{sub {tilde l}} due to two-loop renormalization group equation. The potentially nonuniversal supergravity contribution to m{sup 2}{sub {tilde q}} and m{sup 2}{sub {tilde l}} can be suppressed enough. The model is completely chiral, and one doesmore » not need to forbid mass terms for the messenger fields by hand. Cosmology of the model is briefly discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

Three-dimensional dualities with bosons and fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benini, Francesco

2018-02-01

We propose new infinite families of non-supersymmetric IR dualities in three space-time dimensions, between Chern-Simons gauge theories (with classical gauge groups) with both scalars and fermions in the fundamental representation. In all cases we study the phase diagram as we vary two relevant couplings, finding interesting lines of phase transitions. In various cases the dualities lead to predictions about multi-critical fixed points and the emergence of IR quantum symmetries. For unitary groups we also discuss the coupling to background gauge fields and the map of simple monopole operators.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oegetbil, O.

After reviewing the existing results we give an extensive analysis of the critical points of the potentials of the gauged N=2 Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories coupled to tensor multiplets and hypermultiplets. Our analysis includes all the possible gaugings of all N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories whose scalar manifolds are symmetric spaces. In general, the scalar potential gets contributions from R-symmetry gauging, tensor couplings, and hypercouplings. We show that the coupling of a hypermultiplet into a theory whose potential has a nonzero value at its critical point, and gauging a compact subgroup of the hyperscalar isometry group will only rescale the value ofmore » the potential at the critical point by a positive factor, and therefore will not change the nature of an existing critical point. However this is not the case for noncompact SO(1,1) gaugings. An SO(1,1) gauging of the hyperisometry will generally lead to de Sitter vacua, which is analogous to the ground states found by simultaneously gauging SO(1,1) symmetry of the real scalar manifold with U(1){sub R} in earlier literature. SO(m,1) gaugings with m>1, which give contributions to the scalar potential only in the magical Jordan family theories, on the other hand, do not lead to de Sitter vacua. Anti-de Sitter vacua are generically obtained when the U(1){sub R} symmetry is gauged. We also show that it is possible to embed certain generic Jordan family theories into the magical Jordan family preserving the nature of the ground states. However the magical Jordan family theories have additional ground states which are not found in the generic Jordan family theories.« less

Multisymplectic unified formalism for Einstein-Hilbert gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaset, Jordi; Román-Roy, Narciso

2018-03-01

We present a covariant multisymplectic formulation for the Einstein-Hilbert model of general relativity. As it is described by a second-order singular Lagrangian, this is a gauge field theory with constraints. The use of the unified Lagrangian-Hamiltonian formalism is particularly interesting when it is applied to these kinds of theories, since it simplifies the treatment of them, in particular, the implementation of the constraint algorithm, the retrieval of the Lagrangian description, and the construction of the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. In order to apply this algorithm to the covariant field equations, they must be written in a suitable geometrical way, which consists of using integrable distributions, represented by multivector fields of a certain type. We apply all these tools to the Einstein-Hilbert model without and with energy-matter sources. We obtain and explain the geometrical and physical meaning of the Lagrangian constraints and we construct the multimomentum (covariant) Hamiltonian formalisms in both cases. As a consequence of the gauge freedom and the constraint algorithm, we see how this model is equivalent to a first-order regular theory, without gauge freedom. In the case of the presence of energy-matter sources, we show how some relevant geometrical and physical characteristics of the theory depend on the type of source. In all the cases, we obtain explicitly multivector fields which are solutions to the gravitational field equations. Finally, a brief study of symmetries and conservation laws is done in this context.

One-loop perturbative coupling of A and A? through the chiral overlap operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makino, Hiroki; Morikawa, Okuto; Suzuki, Hiroshi

2018-03-01

Recently, Grabowska and Kaplan constructed a four-dimensional lattice formulation of chiral gauge theories on the basis of the chiral overlap operator. At least in the tree-level approximation, the left-handed fermion is coupled only to the original gauge field A, while the right-handed one is coupled only to the gauge field A*, a deformation of A by the gradient flow with infinite flow time. In this paper, we study the fermion one-loop effective action in their formulation. We show that the continuum limit of this effective action contains local interaction terms between A and A*, even if the anomaly cancellation condition is met. These non-vanishing terms would lead an undesired perturbative spectrum in the formulation.

Supersymmetric Model-Building in the Era of LHC Data: From Struggles with Naturalness to the Simple Delights of Fine-Tuning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorawski, Thomas

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has withstood decades of experimental tests, making it the crowning achievement of 20th century physics. However, it is not a complete description of nature. Observations have revealed that most of the matter in the universe is not of the baryonic form described in the SM but rather something else known as dark matter. The SM also has theoretical shortcomings: 1) No explanation for the widely-varying masses of different particles (flavor puzzle); 2) Failure of the couplings that characterize the strength of the three SM forces to unify at a high energy scale; 3) Instability of the Higgs mass (hierarchy problem). The simplest version of supersymmetry (SUSY) introduces a partner for each SM particle, resulting in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The lightest of these is stable and an appealing dark matter candidate, and the extra particle content yields good gauge coupling unification. Most model-building, however, has been inspired by the natural solution that the MSSM provides to the hierarchy problem when the superpartner masses are close to the weak scale, leading to the paradigm of the Natural (weak-scale) MSSM. Although the first run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) did not operate at the design energy, the data is already in tension with the idea of naturalness, as the bounds on some superpartner masses in vanilla models are significantly above the weak scale. We address this by constructing a hybrid of the two most appealing SUSY breaking mechanisms (gauge and anomaly mediation) that compresses part of the superpartner spectrum and reduces experimental sensitivity, thereby loosening the constraints. Nonetheless, the recent discovery of a Higgs-like particle at the LHC with a mass around 125 GeV that can only be obtained in the weak-scale MSSM with fairly heavy superpartners casts serious doubt on naturalness. It does, however, point in the direction of a different paradigm in the MSSM known as Split SUSY, where only the superpartners that are potential dark matter candidates are light. We present a simple realization of a modification of Split SUSY, called Mini-Split SUSY, where all of the superpartner masses are determined by just one parameter. We show that it easily accommodates the Higgs mass, preserves gauge coupling unification, and has a good dark matter candidate. We then exploit the defining features of the Mini-Split framework to obtain a radiative solution to the flavor puzzle, where the hierarchy of SM particle masses is explained by successive orders of quantum corrections.

Gauged baby Skyrme model with a Chern-Simons term

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samoilenka, A.; Shnir, Ya.

2017-02-01

The properties of the multisoliton solutions of the (2 +1 )-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Skyrme model are investigated numerically. Coupling to the Chern-Simons term allows for existence of the electrically charge solitons which may also carry magnetic fluxes. Two particular choices of the potential term is considered: (i) the weakly bounded potential and (ii) the double vacuum potential. In the absence of gauge interaction in the former case the individual constituents of the multisoliton configuration are well separated, while in the latter case the rotational invariance of the configuration remains unbroken. It is shown that coupling of the planar multi-Skyrmions to the electric and magnetic field strongly affects the pattern of interaction between the constituents. We analyze the dependency of the structure of the solutions, the energies, angular momenta, electric and magnetic fields of the configurations on the gauge coupling constant g , and the electric potential. It is found that, generically, the coupling to the Chern-Simons term strongly affects the usual pattern of interaction between the skyrmions, in particular the electric repulsion between the solitons may break the multisoliton configuration into partons. We show that as the gauge coupling becomes strong, both the magnetic flux and the electric charge of the solutions become quantized although they are not topological numbers.

Chern-Simons-matter dualities with SO and USp gauge groups

DOE PAGES

Aharony, Ofer; Benini, Francesco; Hsin, Po -Shen; ...

2017-02-14

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we conjecture dualities between SO(N) k Chern-Simons theories coupled to N f real scalars in the fundamental representation, and SO(k)- N+N f /2 coupled to N f real (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For N f = 0 these are just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we clarify. They lead us tomore » propose new gapped boundary states of topological insulators and superconductors. As a result, for k = 1 we get an interesting low-energy duality between N f free Majorana fermions and an SO( N) 1 Chern-Simons theory coupled to N f scalar fields (with N f ≤ N-2).« less

Topological nonsymmorphic metals from band inversion

DOE PAGES

Muechler, Lukas; Alexandradinata, A.; Neupert, Titus; ...

2016-12-29

Here, we expand the phase diagram of two-dimensional, nonsymmorphic crystals at integer fillings that do not guarantee gaplessness. In addition to the trivial, gapped phase that is expected, we find that band inversion leads to a class of topological, gapless phases. These topological phases are exemplified by the monolayers of MTe 2 (M ¼ W; Mo) if spin-orbit coupling is neglected. We characterize the Dirac band touching of these topological metals by theWilson loop of the non-Abelian Berry gauge field. Furthermore, we develop a criterion for the proximity of these topological metals to 2D and 3D Z 2 topological insulatorsmore » when spinorbit coupling is included; our criterion is based on nonsymmorphic symmetry eigenvalues, and may be used to identify topological materials without inversion symmetry. An additional feature of the Dirac cone in monolayer MTe 2 is that it tilts over in a Lifshitz transition to produce electron and hole pockets—a type-II Dirac cone. These pockets, together with the pseudospin structure of the Dirac electrons, suggest a unified, topological explanation for the recently reported, nonsaturating magnetoresistance in WTe 2, as well as its circular dichroism in photoemission. We complement our analysis and first-principles band structure calculations with an ab-initio-derived tight-binding model for the WTe 2 monolayer.« less

Including gauge-group parameters into the theory of interactions: an alternative mass-generating mechanism for gauge fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aldaya, V.; Lopez-Ruiz, F. F.; Sanchez-Sastre, E.

2006-11-03

We reformulate the gauge theory of interactions by introducing the gauge group parameters into the model. The dynamics of the new 'Goldstone-like' bosons is accomplished through a non-linear {sigma}-model Lagrangian. They are minimally coupled according to a proper prescription which provides mass terms to the intermediate vector bosons without spoiling gauge invariance. The present formalism is explicitly applied to the Standard Model of electroweak interactions.

Enhanced axion-photon coupling in GUT with hidden photon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daido, Ryuji; Takahashi, Fuminobu; Yokozaki, Norimi

2018-05-01

We show that the axion coupling to photons can be enhanced in simple models with a single Peccei-Quinn field, if the gauge coupling unification is realized by a large kinetic mixing χ = O (0.1) between hypercharge and unbroken hidden U(1)H. The key observation is that the U(1)H gauge coupling should be rather strong to induce such large kinetic mixing, leading to enhanced contributions of hidden matter fields to the electromagnetic anomaly. We find that the axion-photon coupling is enhanced by about a factor of 10-100 with respect to the GUT-axion models with E / N = 8 / 3.

Exploring the jet multiplicity in the 750 GeV diphoton excess

DOE PAGES

Dalchenko, Mykhailo; Dutta, Bhaskar; Gao, Yu; ...

2016-10-01

The recent diphoton excess at the LHC has been explained tentatively by a Standard Model (SM) singlet scalar of 750 GeV in mass, in the association of heavy particles with SM gauge charges. These new particles with various SM gauge charges induce loop-level couplings of the new scalar to WW, ZZ, Zγ, γγ, and gg. Here, we show that the strength of the couplings to the gauge bosons also determines the production mechanism of the scalar particle via WW,ZZ,Zγ,γγ,gg fusion which leads to individually distinguishable jet distributions in the final state where the statistics will be improved in the ongoingmore » run. Finally, the number of jets and the leading jet's transverse momentum distribution in the excess region of the diphoton signal can be used to determine the coupling of the scalar to the gauge bosons arising from the protons which subsequently determine the charges of the heavy particles that arise from various well-motivated models.« less

Novel symmetries in Weyl-invariant gravity with massive gauge field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abhinav, K.; Shukla, A.; Panigrahi, P. K.

2016-11-01

The background field method is used to linearize the Weyl-invariant scalar-tensor gravity, coupled with a Stückelberg field. For a generic background metric, this action is found not to be invariant, under both a diffeomorphism and generalized Weyl symmetry, the latter being a combination of gauge and Weyl transformations. Interestingly, the quadratic Lagrangian, emerging from a background of Minkowski metric, respects both transformations independently. The Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry of scalar-tensor gravity coupled with a Stückelberg-like massive gauge particle, possessing a diffeomorphism and generalized Weyl symmetry, reveals that in both cases negative-norm states with unphysical degrees of freedom do exist. We then show that, by combining diffeomorphism and generalized Weyl symmetries, all the ghost states decouple, thereby removing the unphysical redundancies of the theory. During this process, the scalar field does not represent any dynamic mode, yet modifies the usual harmonic gauge condition through non-minimal coupling with gravity.

SU(3) Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators using the logarithmic lattice gluon field definition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ilgenfritz, Ernst-Michael; Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Institut fuer Physik, 12489 Berlin; Menz, Christoph

2011-03-01

We study the Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators of SU(3) gauge theory, employing the logarithmic definition for the lattice gluon fields and implementing the corresponding form of the Faddeev-Popov matrix. This is necessary in order to consistently compare lattice data for the bare propagators with that of higher-loop numerical stochastic perturbation theory. In this paper we provide such a comparison, and introduce what is needed for an efficient lattice study. When comparing our data for the logarithmic definition to that of the standard lattice Landau gauge we clearly see the propagators to be multiplicatively related. The data of themore » associated ghost-gluon coupling matches up almost completely. For the explored lattice spacings and sizes discretization artifacts, finite size, and Gribov-copy effects are small. At weak coupling and large momentum, the bare propagators and the ghost-gluon coupling are seen to be approached by those of higher-order numerical stochastic perturbation theory.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dalchenko, Mykhailo; Dutta, Bhaskar; Gao, Yu

The recent diphoton excess at the LHC has been explained tentatively by a Standard Model (SM) singlet scalar of 750 GeV in mass, in the association of heavy particles with SM gauge charges. These new particles with various SM gauge charges induce loop-level couplings of the new scalar to WW, ZZ, Zγ, γγ, and gg. Here, we show that the strength of the couplings to the gauge bosons also determines the production mechanism of the scalar particle via WW,ZZ,Zγ,γγ,gg fusion which leads to individually distinguishable jet distributions in the final state where the statistics will be improved in the ongoingmore » run. Finally, the number of jets and the leading jet's transverse momentum distribution in the excess region of the diphoton signal can be used to determine the coupling of the scalar to the gauge bosons arising from the protons which subsequently determine the charges of the heavy particles that arise from various well-motivated models.« less

Gauge coupling unification and nonequilibrium thermal dark matter.

PubMed

Mambrini, Yann; Olive, Keith A; Quevillon, Jérémie; Zaldívar, Bryan

2013-06-14

We study a new mechanism for the production of dark matter in the Universe which does not rely on thermal equilibrium. Dark matter is populated from the thermal bath subsequent to inflationary reheating via a massive mediator whose mass is above the reheating scale T(RH). To this end, we consider models with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry broken at some intermediate scale (M(int) ≃ 10(10)-10(12) GeV). We show that not only does the model allow for gauge coupling unification (at a higher scale associated with grand unification) but it can provide a dark matter candidate which is a standard model singlet but charged under the extra U(1). The intermediate scale gauge boson(s) which are predicted in several E6/SO(10) constructions can be a natural mediator between dark matter and the thermal bath. We show that the dark matter abundance, while never having achieved thermal equilibrium, is fixed shortly after the reheating epoch by the relation T(RH)(3)/M(int)(4). As a consequence, we show that the unification of gauge couplings which determines M(int) also fixes the reheating temperature, which can be as high as T(RH) ≃ 10(11) GeV.

Two loop renormalization of the magnetic coupling in hot QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giovannangeli, P.

2004-04-01

Well above the critical temperature hot QCD is described by 3d electrostatic QCD with gauge coupling gE and Debye mass mE. We integrate out the Debye scales to two loop accuracy and find for the gauge coupling in the resulting magnetostatic action gM2=gE21-{1}/{48}{gE2N}/{πmE}-{17}/{4608}{gE2N}/{πmE}2+O{gE2N}/{πmE}3.

Gauge coupling unification and light exotica in string theory.

PubMed

Raby, Stuart; Wingerter, Akin

2007-08-03

In this Letter we consider the consequences for the CERN Large Hadron Collider of light vectorlike exotica with fractional electric charge. It is shown that such states are found in orbifold constructions of the heterotic string. Moreover, these exotica are consistent with gauge coupling unification at one loop, even though they do not come in complete multiplets of SU(5).

Strong Coupling Expansion of the Generating Functional for Gauge Systems on a Lattice with Arbitrary Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoek, Jaap

1983-02-01

A set of programs to calculate algebraically the generating functional (free energy) of a gauge system with arbitrary external sources on a lattice has been developed. It makes use of the strong coupling expansion. For theories with the standard Tr(UUU †U †) action results have been obtained up to fourth order.

Localization of U(1) gauge vector field on flat branes with five-dimension (asymptotic) AdS5 spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Zhen-Hua; Xie, Qun-Ying

2018-05-01

In order to localize U(1) gauge vector field on Randall-Sundrum-like braneworld model with infinite extra dimension, we propose a new kind of non-minimal coupling between the U(1) gauge field and the gravity. We propose three kinds of coupling methods and they all support the localization of zero mode. In addition, one of them can support the localization of massive modes. Moreover, the massive tachyonic modes can be excluded. And our method can be used not only in the thin braneword models but also in the thick ones.

Roadmap of left-right models based on GUTs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakrabortty, Joydeep; Maji, Rinku; Patra, Sunando Kumar; Srivastava, Tripurari; Mohanty, Subhendra

2018-05-01

We perform a detailed study of the grand unified theories S O (10 ) and E (6 ) with left-right intermediate gauge symmetries of the form S U (N )L⊗S U (N )R⊗G . Proton decay lifetime constrains the unification scale to be ≳1016 GeV and, as discussed in this paper, unwanted cosmological relics can be evaded if the intermediate symmetry scale is ≳1012 GeV . With these conditions, we study the renormalization group evolution of the gauge couplings and do a comparative analysis of all possible left-right models where unification can occur. Both the D-parity conserved and broken scenarios as well as the supersymmetric (SUSY) and nonsupersymmetric (non-SUSY) versions are considered. In addition to the fermion and scalar representations at each stage of the symmetry breaking, contributing to the β functions, we list the intermediate left-right groups that successfully meet these requirements. We make use of the dimension-5 kinetic mixing effective operators for achieving unification and large intermediate scale. A significant result in the supersymmetric case is that to achieve successful unification for some breaking patterns, the scale of SUSY breaking needs to be at least a few TeV. In some of these cases, the intermediate scale can be as low as ˜1012 GeV , for the SUSY scale to be ˜30 TeV . This has important consequences in the collider searches for SUSY particles and phenomenology of the lightest neutralino as dark matter.

Generalized slow roll in the unified effective field theory of inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Motohashi, Hayato; Hu, Wayne

2017-07-01

We provide a compact and unified treatment of power spectrum observables for the effective field theory (EFT) of inflation with the complete set of operators that lead to second-order equations of motion in metric perturbations in both space and time derivatives, including Horndeski and Gleyzes-Langlois-Piazza-Vernizzi theories. We relate the EFT operators in ADM form to the four additional free functions of time in the scalar and tensor equations. Using the generalized slow-roll formalism, we show that each power spectrum can be described by an integral over a single source that is a function of its respective sound horizon. With this correspondence, existing model independent constraints on the source function can be simply reinterpreted in the more general inflationary context. By expanding these sources around an optimized freeze-out epoch, we also provide characterizations of these spectra in terms of five slow-roll hierarchies whose leading-order forms are compact and accurate as long as EFT coefficients vary only on time scales greater than an e -fold. We also clarify the relationship between the unitary gauge observables employed in the EFT and the comoving gauge observables of the postinflationary universe.

Common origin of 3.55 keV x-ray line and gauge coupling unification with left-right dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borah, Debasish; Dasgupta, Arnab; Patra, Sudhanwa

2017-12-01

We present a minimal left-right dark matter framework that can simultaneously explain the recently observed 3.55 keV x-ray line from several galaxy clusters and gauge coupling unification at high energy scale. Adopting a minimal dark matter strategy, we consider both left and right handed triplet fermionic dark matter candidates which are stable by virtue of a remnant Z2≃(-1 )B -L symmetry arising after the spontaneous symmetry breaking of left-right gauge symmetry to that of the standard model. A scalar bitriplet field is incorporated whose first role is to allow radiative decay of right handed triplet dark matter into the left handed one and a photon with energy 3.55 keV. The other role this bitriplet field at TeV scale plays is to assist in achieving gauge coupling unification at a high energy scale within a nonsupersymmetric S O (10 ) model while keeping the scale of left-right gauge symmetry around the TeV corner. Apart from solving the neutrino mass problem and giving verifiable new contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay and charged lepton flavor violation, the model with TeV scale gauge bosons can also give rise to interesting collider signatures like diboson excess, dilepton plus two jets excess reported recently in the large hadron collider data.

The toric SO(10) F-theory landscape

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchmüller, W.; Dierigl, M.; Oehlmann, P.-K.; Rühle, F.

2017-12-01

Supergravity theories in more than four dimensions with grand unified gauge symmetries are an important intermediate step towards the ultraviolet completion of the Standard Model in string theory. Using toric geometry, we classify and analyze six-dimensional F-theory vacua with gauge group SO(10) taking into account Mordell-Weil U(1) and discrete gauge factors. We determine the full matter spectrum of these models, including charged and neutral SO(10) singlets. Based solely on the geometry, we compute all matter multiplicities and confirm the cancellation of gauge and gravitational anomalies independent of the base space. Particular emphasis is put on symmetry enhancements at the loci of matter fields and to the frequent appearance of superconformal points. They are linked to non-toric Kähler deformations which contribute to the counting of degrees of freedom. We compute the anomaly coefficients for these theories as well by using a base-independent blow-up procedure and superconformal matter transitions. Finally, we identify six-dimensional supergravity models which can yield the Standard Model with high-scale supersymmetry by further compactification to four dimensions in an Abelian flux background.

Measurement of W±W± vector-boson scattering and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Abeloos, B.; Aben, R.; Abouzeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Agricola, J.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Ali, B.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allen, B. W.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Alstaty, M.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Álvarez Piqueras, D.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Amako, K.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Anger, P.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antel, C.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Armitage, L. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Artz, S.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baak, M. A.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Baines, J. T.; Baker, O. K.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisits, M.-S.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska-Blenessy, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barranco Navarro, L.; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bedognetti, M.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bell, A. S.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Belyaev, N. L.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Benhar Noccioli, E.; Benitez, J.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Bergeaas Kuutmann, E.; Berger, N.; Beringer, J.; Berlendis, S.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertram, I. A.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besjes, G. J.; Bessidskaia Bylund, O.; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethani, A.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianchini, L.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bielski, R.; Biesuz, N. V.; Biglietti, M.; Bilbao de Mendizabal, J.; Billoud, T. R. V.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Binet, S.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bisanz, T.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blanchard, J.-B.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Blunier, S.; Bobbink, G. 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A.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Temming, K. K.; Temple, D.; Ten Kate, H.; Teng, P. K.; Teoh, J. J.; Tepel, F.; Terada, S.; Terashi, K.; Terron, J.; Terzo, S.; Testa, M.; Teuscher, R. J.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Thomas, J. P.; Thomas-Wilsker, J.; Thompson, E. N.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomsen, L. A.; Thomson, E.; Thomson, M.; Tibbetts, M. J.; Ticse Torres, R. E.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.; Timoshenko, S.; Tipton, P.; Tisserant, S.; Todome, K.; Todorov, T.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Tojo, J.; Tokár, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tolley, E.; Tomlinson, L.; Tomoto, M.; Tompkins, L.; Toms, K.; Tong, B.; Torrence, E.; Torres, H.; Torró Pastor, E.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Tovey, D. R.; Trefzger, T.; Tricoli, A.; Trigger, I. M.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Tripiana, M. F.; Trischuk, W.; Trocmé, B.; Trofymov, A.; Troncon, C.; Trottier-McDonald, M.; Trovatelli, M.; Truong, L.; Trzebinski, M.; Trzupek, A.; Tseng, J. C.-L.; Tsiareshka, P. V.; Tsipolitis, G.; Tsirintanis, N.; Tsiskaridze, S.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Tskhadadze, E. G.; Tsui, K. M.; Tsukerman, I. I.; Tsulaia, V.; Tsuno, S.; Tsybychev, D.; Tu, Y.; Tudorache, A.; Tudorache, V.; Tuna, A. N.; Tupputi, S. A.; Turchikhin, S.; Turecek, D.; Turgeman, D.; Turra, R.; Turvey, A. J.; Tuts, P. M.; Tyndel, M.; Ucchielli, G.; Ueda, I.; Ughetto, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Unal, G.; Undrus, A.; Unel, G.; Ungaro, F. C.; Unno, Y.; Unverdorben, C.; Urban, J.; Urquijo, P.; Urrejola, P.; Usai, G.; Usanova, A.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Valderanis, C.; Valdes Santurio, E.; Valencic, N.; Valentinetti, S.; Valero, A.; Valery, L.; Valkar, S.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; van den Wollenberg, W.; van der Deijl, P. C.; van der Graaf, H.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vanguri, R.; Vaniachine, A.; Vankov, P.; Vardanyan, G.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vasquez, J. G.; Vazeille, F.; Vazquez Schroeder, T.; Veatch, J.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Veloce, L. M.; Veloso, F.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Venturini, A.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Vickey Boeriu, O. E.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigani, L.; Villa, M.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Vittori, C.; Vivarelli, I.; Vlachos, S.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, M.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobev, K.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M.; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Vykydal, Z.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, W.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wallangen, V.; Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Washbrook, A.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, M. D.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; Whallon, N. L.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; Whiteson, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilk, F.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winklmeier, F.; Winston, O. J.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wittkowski, J.; Wolf, T. M. H.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Worm, S. D.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamaguchi, D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yao, W.-M.; Yap, Y. C.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yen, A. L.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yuen, S. P. Y.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zakharchuk, N.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zeng, J. C.; Zeng, Q.; Zengel, K.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zur Nedden, M.; Zwalinski, L.; Atlas Collaboration

2017-07-01

This paper presents the extended results of measurements of W±W±j j production and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings using 20.3 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at √{s }=8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two leptons (e or μ ) with the same electric charge and at least two jets are analyzed. Production cross sections are determined in two fiducial regions, with different sensitivities to the electroweak and strong production mechanisms. An additional fiducial region, particularly sensitive to anomalous quartic gauge coupling parameters α4 and α5, is introduced, which allows more stringent limits on these parameters compared to the previous ATLAS measurement.

Infrared problem in non-Abelian gauge theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yao, Y.

1976-03-22

I extend the Bloch--Nordsieck idea to show that in the lowest nontrivial order of radiative correction the fermion--fermion and gauge-meson--fermion scattering rates are finite, provided that they are averaged over the initial and summed over the final internal spin states. Questions of the physical gauge coupling and infrared slavery are discussed. (AIP)

Measurement of trilinear gauge boson couplings from WW+WZ{yields}l{nu}jj events in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Kharzheev, Y. N.

2009-09-01

We present a direct measurement of trilinear gauge boson couplings at {gamma}WW and ZWW vertices in WW and WZ events produced in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV. We consider events with one electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and at least two jets. The data were collected using the D0 detector and correspond to 1.1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. Considering two different relations between the couplings at the {gamma}WW and ZWW vertices, we measure these couplings at 68% C.L. to be {kappa}{sub {gamma}}=1.07{sub -0.29}{sup +0.26}, {lambda}=0.00{sub -0.06}{sup +0.06}, and g{sub 1}{sup Z}=1.04{sub -0.09}{sup +0.09} in a scenario respecting SU(2){submore » L} x U(1){sub Y} gauge symmetry and {kappa}=1.04{sub -0.11}{sup +0.11} and {lambda}=0.00{sub -0.06}{sup +0.06} in an 'equal couplings' scenario.« less

Hidden GeV-scale interactions of quarks.

PubMed

Dobrescu, Bogdan A; Frugiuele, Claudia

2014-08-08

We explore quark interactions mediated by new gauge bosons of masses in the 0.3-50 GeV range. A tight upper limit on the gauge coupling of light Z(') bosons is imposed by the anomaly cancellation conditions in conjunction with collider bounds on new charged fermions. Limits from quarkonium decays are model dependent, while electroweak constraints are mild. We derive the limits for a Z(') boson coupled to baryon number and then construct a Z(') model with relaxed constraints, allowing quark couplings as large as 0.2 for a mass of a few GeV.

Higgsed Gauge-flation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adshead, Peter; Sfakianakis, Evangelos I.

2017-08-01

We study a variant of Gauge-flation where the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by a Higgs sector. We work in the Stueckelberg limit and demonstrate that the dynamics remain (catastrophically) unstable for cases where the gauge field masses satisfy γ < 2, where γ = g 2 ψ 2/ H 2, g is the gauge coupling, ψ is the gauge field vacuum expectation value, and H is the Hubble rate. We compute the spectrum of density fluctuations and gravitational waves, and show that the model can produce observationally viable spectra. The background gauge field texture violates parity, resulting in a chiral gravitational wave spectrum. This arises due to an exponential enhancement of one polarization of the spin-2 fluctuation of the gauge field. Higgsed Gauge-flation can produce observable gravitational waves at inflationary energy scales well below the GUT scale.

One-loop β-function for an infinite-parameter family of gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krasnov, Kirill

2015-03-01

We continue to study an infinite-parametric family of gauge theories with an arbitrary function of the self-dual part of the field strength as the Lagrangian. The arising one-loop divergences are computed using the background field method. We show that they can all be absorbed by a local redefinition of the gauge field, as well as multiplicative renormalisations of the couplings. Thus, this family of theories is one-loop renormalisable. The infinite set of β-functions for the couplings is compactly stored in a renormalisation group flow for a single function of the curvature. The flow is obtained explicitly.

Measurement of W ± W ± vector-boson scattering and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector

DOE PAGES

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; ...

2017-07-28

Tmore » his paper presents the extended results of measurements of W ± W ± j j production and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings using 20.3 fb -1 of proton–proton collision data at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 eV recorded by the ALAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two leptons (e or μ) with the same electric charge and at least two jets are analyzed. Production cross sections are determined in two fiducial regions, with different sensitivities to the electroweak and strong production mechanisms. Lastly, an additional fiducial region, particularly sensitive to anomalous quartic gauge coupling parameters α 4 and α 5 , is introduced, which allows more stringent limits on these parameters compared to the previous ALAS measurement.« less

Gauged U(1) clockwork theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hyun Min

2018-03-01

We consider the gauged U (1) clockwork theory with a product of multiple gauge groups and discuss the continuum limit of the theory to a massless gauged U (1) with linear dilaton background in five dimensions. The localization of the lightest state of gauge fields on a site in the theory space naturally leads to exponentially small effective couplings of external matter fields localized away from the site. We discuss the implications of our general discussion with some examples, such as mediators of dark matter interactions, flavor-changing B-meson decays as well as D-term SUSY breaking.

Charged Galileon black holes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babichev, Eugeny; Charmousis, Christos; Hassaine, Mokhtar, E-mail: eugeny.babichev@th.u-psud.fr, E-mail: christos.charmousis@th.u-psud.fr, E-mail: hassaine@inst-mat.utalca.cl

We consider an Abelian gauge field coupled to a particular truncation of Horndeski theory. The Galileon field has translation symmetry and couples non minimally both to the metric and the gauge field. When the gauge-scalar coupling is zero the gauge field reduces to a standard Maxwell field. By taking into account the symmetries of the action, we construct charged black hole solutions. Allowing the scalar field to softly break symmetries of spacetime we construct black holes where the scalar field is regular on the black hole event horizon. Some of these solutions can be interpreted as the equivalent of Reissner-Nordstrommore » black holes of scalar tensor theories with a non trivial scalar field. A self tuning black hole solution found previously is extended to the presence of dyonic charge without affecting whatsoever the self tuning of a large positive cosmological constant. Finally, for a general shift invariant scalar tensor theory we demonstrate that the scalar field Ansatz and method we employ are mathematically compatible with the field equations. This opens up the possibility for novel searches of hairy black holes in a far more general setting of Horndeski theory.« less

Anisotopic inflation with a non-abelian gauge field in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lahiri, Sayantani, E-mail: sayantani.lahiri@gmail.com

2017-01-01

In presence of Gauss-Bonnet corrections, we study anisotropic inflation aided by a massless SU(2) gauge field where both the gauge field and the Gauss-Bonnet term are non-minimally coupled to the inflaton. In this scenario, under slow-roll approximations, the anisotropic inflation is realized as an attractor solution with quadratic forms of inflaton potential and Gauss-Bonnet coupling function. We show that the degree of anisotropy is proportional to the additive combination of two slow-roll parameters of the theory. The anisotropy may become either positive or negative similar to the non-Gauss-Bonnet framework, a feature of the model for anisotropic inflation supported by amore » non-abelian gauge field but the effect of Gauss-Bonnet term further enhances or suppresses the generated anisotropy.« less

A coupled hydrological-hydraulic flood inundation model calibrated using post-event measurements and integrated uncertainty analysis in a poorly gauged Mediterranean basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hdeib, Rouya; Abdallah, Chadi; Moussa, Roger; Colin, Francois

2017-04-01

Developing flood inundation maps of defined exceedance probabilities is required to provide information on the flood hazard and the associated risk. A methodology has been developed to model flood inundation in poorly gauged basins, where reliable information on the hydrological characteristics of floods are uncertain and partially captured by the traditional rain-gauge networks. Flood inundation is performed through coupling a hydrological rainfall-runoff (RR) model (HEC-HMS) with a hydraulic model (HEC-RAS). The RR model is calibrated against the January 2013 flood event in the Awali River basin, Lebanon (300 km2), whose flood peak discharge was estimated by post-event measurements. The resulting flows of the RR model are defined as boundary conditions of the hydraulic model, which is run to generate the corresponding water surface profiles and calibrated against 20 post-event surveyed cross sections after the January-2013 flood event. An uncertainty analysis is performed to assess the results of the models. Consequently, the coupled flood inundation model is simulated with design storms and flood inundation maps are generated of defined exceedance probabilities. The peak discharges estimated by the simulated RR model were in close agreement with the results from different empirical and statistical methods. This methodology can be extended to other poorly gauged basins facing common stage-gauge failure or characterized by floods with a stage exceeding the gauge measurement level, or higher than that defined by the rating curve.

Symplectic Quantization of a Vector-Tensor Gauge Theory with Topological Coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barcelos-Neto, J.; Silva, M. B. D.

We use the symplectic formalism to quantize a gauge theory where vectors and tensors fields are coupled in a topological way. This is an example of reducible theory and a procedure like of ghosts-of-ghosts of the BFV method is applied but in terms of Lagrange multipliers. Our final results are in agreement with the ones found in the literature by using the Dirac method.

Global Gauge Anomalies in Two-Dimensional Bosonic Sigma Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gawȩdzki, Krzysztof; Suszek, Rafał R.; Waldorf, Konrad

2011-03-01

We revisit the gauging of rigid symmetries in two-dimensional bosonic sigma models with a Wess-Zumino term in the action. Such a term is related to a background closed 3-form H on the target space. More exactly, the sigma-model Feynman amplitudes of classical fields are associated to a bundle gerbe with connection of curvature H over the target space. Under conditions that were unraveled more than twenty years ago, the classical amplitudes may be coupled to the topologically trivial gauge fields of the symmetry group in a way which assures infinitesimal gauge invariance. We show that the resulting gauged Wess-Zumino amplitudes may, nevertheless, exhibit global gauge anomalies that we fully classify. The general results are illustrated on the example of the WZW and the coset models of conformal field theory. The latter are shown to be inconsistent in the presence of global anomalies. We introduce a notion of equivariant gerbes that allow an anomaly-free coupling of the Wess-Zumino amplitudes to all gauge fields, including the ones in non-trivial principal bundles. Obstructions to the existence of equivariant gerbes and their classification are discussed. The choice of different equivariant structures on the same bundle gerbe gives rise to a new type of discrete-torsion ambiguities in the gauged amplitudes. An explicit construction of gerbes equivariant with respect to the adjoint symmetries over compact simply connected simple Lie groups is given.

The dark side of flipped trinification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, P. V.; Huong, D. T.; Queiroz, Farinaldo S.; Valle, José W. F.; Vaquera-Araujo, C. A.

2018-04-01

We propose a model which unifies the Left-Right symmetry with the SU(3) L gauge group, called flipped trinification, and based on the SU(3) C ⊗ SU(3) L ⊗ SU(3) R ⊗ U(1) X gauge group. The model inherits the interesting features of both symmetries while elegantly explaining the origin of the matter parity, W P = (-1)3( B- L)+2 s , and dark matter stability. We develop the details of the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in the model, determining the relevant mass eigenstates, and showing how neutrino masses are easily generated via the seesaw mechanism. Moreover, we introduce viable dark matter candidates, encompassing a fermion, scalar and possibly vector fields, leading to a potentially novel dark matter phenomenology.

Asymmetric dark matter and the hadronic spectra of hidden QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lonsdale, Stephen J.; Schroor, Martine; Volkas, Raymond R.

2017-09-01

The idea that dark matter may be a composite state of a hidden non-Abelian gauge sector has received great attention in recent years. Frameworks such as asymmetric dark matter motivate the idea that dark matter may have similar mass to the proton, while mirror matter and G ×G grand unified theories provide rationales for additional gauge sectors which may have minimal interactions with standard model particles. In this work we explore the hadronic spectra that these dark QCD models can allow. The effects of the number of light colored particles and the value of the confinement scale on the lightest stable state, the dark matter candidate, are examined in the hyperspherical constituent quark model for baryonic and mesonic states.

Higgsed Gauge-flation

DOE PAGES

Adshead, Peter; Sfakianakis, Evangelos I.

2017-08-29

We study a variant of Gauge-flation where the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by a Higgs sector. Here, we work in the Stueckelberg limit and demonstrate that the dynamics remain (catastrophically) unstable for cases where the gauge field masses satisfy γ< 2, where γ= g 2 2=ψH 2, g is the gauge coupling, ψ is the gauge field vacuum expectation value, and H is the Hubble rate. We compute the spectrum of density uctuations and gravitational waves, and show that the model can produce observationally viable spectra. The background gauge field texture violates parity, resulting in a chiral gravitational wavemore » spectrum. This arises due to an exponential enhancement of one polarization of the spin-2 fluctuation of the gauge field. Higgsed Gauge-flation can produce observable gravitational waves at in inflationary energy scales well below the GUT scale.« less

Higgsed Gauge-flation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adshead, Peter; Sfakianakis, Evangelos I.

We study a variant of Gauge-flation where the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by a Higgs sector. Here, we work in the Stueckelberg limit and demonstrate that the dynamics remain (catastrophically) unstable for cases where the gauge field masses satisfy γ< 2, where γ= g 2 2=ψH 2, g is the gauge coupling, ψ is the gauge field vacuum expectation value, and H is the Hubble rate. We compute the spectrum of density uctuations and gravitational waves, and show that the model can produce observationally viable spectra. The background gauge field texture violates parity, resulting in a chiral gravitational wavemore » spectrum. This arises due to an exponential enhancement of one polarization of the spin-2 fluctuation of the gauge field. Higgsed Gauge-flation can produce observable gravitational waves at in inflationary energy scales well below the GUT scale.« less

A limit for large R-charge correlators in N = 2 theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bourget, Antoine; Rodriguez-Gomez, Diego; Russo, Jorge G.

2018-05-01

Using supersymmetric localization, we study the sector of chiral primary operators (Tr ϕ 2) n with large R-charge 4 n in N = 2 four-dimensional superconformal theories in the weak coupling regime g → 0, where λ ≡ g 2 n is kept fixed as n → ∞, g representing the gauge theory coupling(s). In this limit, correlation functions G 2 n of these operators behave in a simple way, with an asymptotic behavior of the form {G}_{2n}≈ {F}_{∞}(λ){(λ/2π e)}^{2n} n α , modulo O(1 /n) corrections, with α =1/2 \\dim (g) for a gauge algebra g and a universal function F ∞(λ). As a by-product we find several new formulas both for the partition function as well as for perturbative correlators in N=2 su(N) gauge theory with 2 N fundamental hypermultiplets.

Mass Gauging Demonstrator for Any Gravitational Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korman, Valentin (Inventor); Pedersen, Kevin W. (Inventor); Witherow, William K. (Inventor)

2013-01-01

The present invention is a mass gauging interferometry system used to determine the volume contained within a tank. By using an optical interferometric technique to determine gas density and/or pressure a much smaller compression volume or higher fidelity measurement is possible. The mass gauging interferometer system is comprised of an optical source, a component that splits the optical source into a plurality of beams, a component that recombines the split beams, an optical cell operatively coupled to a tank, a detector for detecting fringes, and a means for compression. A portion of the beam travels through the optical cell operatively coupled to the tank, while the other beam(s) is a reference.

Asymptotic freedom in certain S O (N ) and S U (N ) models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Einhorn, Martin B.; Jones, D. R. Timothy

2017-09-01

We calculate the β -functions for S O (N ) and S U (N ) gauge theories coupled to adjoint and fundamental scalar representations, correcting longstanding, previous results. We explore the constraints on N resulting from requiring asymptotic freedom for all couplings. When we take into account the actual allowed behavior of the gauge coupling, the minimum value of N in both cases turns out to be larger than realized in earlier treatments. We also show that in the large N limit, both models have large regions of parameter space corresponding to total asymptotic freedom.

The Supersymmetric Fat Higgs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harnik, Roni

2004-10-27

Supersymmetric models have traditionally been assumed to be perturbative up to high scales due to the requirement of calculable unification. In this note I review the recently proposed `Fat Higgs' model which relaxes the requirement of perturbativity. In this framework, an NMSSM-like trilinear coupling becomes strong at some intermediate scale. The NMSSM Higgses are meson composites of an asymptotically-free gauge theory. This allows us to raise the mass of the Higgs, thus alleviating the MSSM of its fine tuning problem. Despite the strong coupling at an intermediate scale, the UV completion allows us to maintain gauge coupling unification.

Gluon and ghost correlation functions of 2-color QCD at finite density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajizadeh, Ouraman; Boz, Tamer; Maas, Axel; Skullerud, Jon-Ivar

2018-03-01

2-color QCD, i. e. QCD with the gauge group SU(2), is the simplest non-Abelian gauge theory without sign problem at finite quark density. Therefore its study on the lattice is a benchmark for other non-perturbative approaches at finite density. To provide such benchmarks we determine the minimal-Landau-gauge 2-point and 3-gluon correlation functions of the gauge sector and the running gauge coupling at finite density. We observe no significant effects, except for some low-momentum screening of the gluons at and above the supposed high-density phase transition.

Extended investigation of the twelve-flavor β-function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fodor, Zoltán; Holland, Kieran; Kuti, Julius; Nógrádi, Dániel; Wong, Chik Him

2018-04-01

We report new results from high precision analysis of an important BSM gauge theory with twelve massless fermion flavors in the fundamental representation of the SU(3) color gauge group. The range of the renormalized gauge coupling is extended from our earlier work [1] to probe the existence of an infrared fixed point (IRFP) in the β-function reported at two different locations, originally in [2] and at a new location in [3]. We find no evidence for the IRFP of the β-function in the extended range of the renormalized gauge coupling, in disagreement with [2,3]. New arguments to guard the existence of the IRFP remain unconvincing [4], including recent claims of an IRFP with ten massless fermion flavors [5,6] which we also rule out. Predictions of the recently completed 5-loop QCD β-function for general flavor number are discussed in this context.

Multi-Boson Interactions at the Run 1 LHC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Green, Daniel R.; Meade, Patrick; Pleier, Marc-Andre

2016-10-24

This review article covers results on the production of all possible electroweak boson pairs and 2-to-1 vector boson fusion (VBF) at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. The data was taken between 2010 and 2012. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings (aTGCs) then follow. In addition, data on electroweak triple gauge boson production and 2-to-2 vector boson scattering (VBS) yield limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings (aQGCs). The LHC hosts two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, which both have reported limits on aTGCs and aQGCsmore » which are herein summarized. The interpretation of these limits in terms of an effective field theory (EFT) is reviewed, and recommendations are made for testing other types of new physics using multi-gauge boson production.« less

Weyl relativity: a novel approach to Weyl's ideas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barceló, Carlos; Carballo-Rubio, Raúl; Garay, Luis J.

2017-06-01

In this paper we revisit the motivation and construction of a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism, following Weyl's insights regarding the appealing potential connection between the gauge invariance of electromagnetism and the conformal invariance of the gravitational field. We highlight that changing the local symmetry group of spacetime permits to construct a theory in which these two symmetries are combined into a putative gauge symmetry but with second-order field equations and non-trivial mass scales, unlike the original higher-order construction by Weyl. We prove that the gravitational field equations are equivalent to the (trace-free) Einstein field equations, ensuring their compatibility with known tests of general relativity. As a corollary, the effective cosmological constant is rendered radiatively stable due to Weyl invariance. A novel phenomenological consequence characteristic of this construction, potentially relevant for cosmological observations, is the existence of an energy scale below which effects associated with the non-integrability of spacetime distances, and an effective mass for the electromagnetic field, appear simultaneously (as dual manifestations of the use of Weyl connections). We explain how former criticisms against Weyl's ideas lose most of their power in its present reincarnation, which we refer to as Weyl relativity, as it represents a Weyl-invariant, unified description of both the Einstein and Maxwell field equations.

Weyl relativity: a novel approach to Weyl's ideas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barceló, Carlos; Carballo-Rubio, Raúl; Garay, Luis J., E-mail: carlos@iaa.es, E-mail: raul.carballo-rubio@uct.ac.za, E-mail: luisj.garay@ucm.es

In this paper we revisit the motivation and construction of a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism, following Weyl's insights regarding the appealing potential connection between the gauge invariance of electromagnetism and the conformal invariance of the gravitational field. We highlight that changing the local symmetry group of spacetime permits to construct a theory in which these two symmetries are combined into a putative gauge symmetry but with second-order field equations and non-trivial mass scales, unlike the original higher-order construction by Weyl. We prove that the gravitational field equations are equivalent to the (trace-free) Einstein field equations, ensuring their compatibilitymore » with known tests of general relativity. As a corollary, the effective cosmological constant is rendered radiatively stable due to Weyl invariance. A novel phenomenological consequence characteristic of this construction, potentially relevant for cosmological observations, is the existence of an energy scale below which effects associated with the non-integrability of spacetime distances, and an effective mass for the electromagnetic field, appear simultaneously (as dual manifestations of the use of Weyl connections). We explain how former criticisms against Weyl's ideas lose most of their power in its present reincarnation, which we refer to as Weyl relativity, as it represents a Weyl-invariant, unified description of both the Einstein and Maxwell field equations.« less

Higgs boson self-coupling from two-loop analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alhendi, H. A.; National Center for Mathematics and Physics, KACST P. O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442; Barakat, T.

2010-09-01

The scale invariant of the effective potential of the standard model at two loop is used as a boundary condition under the assumption that the two-loop effective potential approximates the full effective potential. This condition leads with the help of the renormalization-group functions of the model at two loop to an algebraic equation of the scalar self-coupling with coefficients that depend on the gauge and the top quark couplings. It admits only two real positive solutions. One of them, in the absence of the gauge and top quark couplings, corresponds to the nonperturbative ultraviolet fixed point of the scalar renormalization-groupmore » function and the other corresponds to the perturbative infrared fixed point. The dependence of the scalar coupling on the top quark and the strong couplings at two-loop radiative corrections is analyzed.« less

Coriolis effect in optics: unified geometric phase and spin-Hall effect.

PubMed

Bliokh, Konstantin Y; Gorodetski, Yuri; Kleiner, Vladimir; Hasman, Erez

2008-07-18

We examine the spin-orbit coupling effects that appear when a wave carrying intrinsic angular momentum interacts with a medium. The Berry phase is shown to be a manifestation of the Coriolis effect in a noninertial reference frame attached to the wave. In the most general case, when both the direction of propagation and the state of the wave are varied, the phase is given by a simple expression that unifies the spin redirection Berry phase and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The theory is supported by the experiment demonstrating the spin-orbit coupling of electromagnetic waves via a surface plasmon nanostructure. The measurements verify the unified geometric phase, demonstrated by the observed polarization-dependent shift (spin-Hall effect) of the waves.

Electron transport in gold colloidal nanoparticle-based strain gauges.

PubMed

Moreira, Helena; Grisolia, Jérémie; Sangeetha, Neralagatta M; Decorde, Nicolas; Farcau, Cosmin; Viallet, Benoit; Chen, Ke; Viau, Guillaume; Ressier, Laurence

2013-03-08

A systematic approach for understanding the electron transport mechanisms in resistive strain gauges based on assemblies of gold colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) protected by organic ligands is described. The strain gauges were fabricated from parallel micrometer wide wires made of 14 nm gold (Au) colloidal NPs on polyethylene terephthalate substrates, elaborated by convective self-assembly. Electron transport in such devices occurs by inter-particle electron tunneling through the tunnel barrier imposed by the organic ligands protecting the NPs. This tunnel barrier was varied by changing the nature of organic ligands coating the nanoparticles: citrate (CIT), phosphines (BSPP, TDSP) and thiols (MPA, MUDA). Electro-mechanical tests indicate that only the gold NPs protected by phosphine and thiol ligands yield high gauge sensitivity. Temperature-dependent resistance measurements are explained using the 'regular island array model' that extracts transport parameters, i.e., the tunneling decay constant β and the Coulomb charging energy E(C). This reveals that the Au@CIT nanoparticle assemblies exhibit a behavior characteristic of a strong-coupling regime, whereas those of Au@BSPP, Au@TDSP, Au@MPA and Au@MUDA nanoparticles manifest a weak-coupling regime. A comparison of the parameters extracted from the two methods indicates that the most sensitive gauges in the weak-coupling regime feature the highest β. Moreover, the E(C) values of these 14 nm NPs cannot be neglected in determining the β values.

Electron transport in gold colloidal nanoparticle-based strain gauges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreira, Helena; Grisolia, Jérémie; Sangeetha, Neralagatta M.; Decorde, Nicolas; Farcau, Cosmin; Viallet, Benoit; Chen, Ke; Viau, Guillaume; Ressier, Laurence

2013-03-01

A systematic approach for understanding the electron transport mechanisms in resistive strain gauges based on assemblies of gold colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) protected by organic ligands is described. The strain gauges were fabricated from parallel micrometer wide wires made of 14 nm gold (Au) colloidal NPs on polyethylene terephthalate substrates, elaborated by convective self-assembly. Electron transport in such devices occurs by inter-particle electron tunneling through the tunnel barrier imposed by the organic ligands protecting the NPs. This tunnel barrier was varied by changing the nature of organic ligands coating the nanoparticles: citrate (CIT), phosphines (BSPP, TDSP) and thiols (MPA, MUDA). Electro-mechanical tests indicate that only the gold NPs protected by phosphine and thiol ligands yield high gauge sensitivity. Temperature-dependent resistance measurements are explained using the ‘regular island array model’ that extracts transport parameters, i.e., the tunneling decay constant β and the Coulomb charging energy EC. This reveals that the Au@CIT nanoparticle assemblies exhibit a behavior characteristic of a strong-coupling regime, whereas those of Au@BSPP, Au@TDSP, Au@MPA and Au@MUDA nanoparticles manifest a weak-coupling regime. A comparison of the parameters extracted from the two methods indicates that the most sensitive gauges in the weak-coupling regime feature the highest β. Moreover, the EC values of these 14 nm NPs cannot be neglected in determining the β values.

Small parameters in infrared quantum chromodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peláez, Marcela; Reinosa, Urko; Serreau, Julien; Tissier, Matthieu; Wschebor, Nicolás

2017-12-01

We study the long-distance properties of quantum chromodynamics in the Landau gauge in an expansion in powers of the three-gluon, four-gluon, and ghost-gluon couplings, but without expanding in the quark-gluon coupling. This is motivated by two observations. First, the gauge sector is well described by perturbation theory in the context of a phenomenological model with a massive gluon. Second, the quark-gluon coupling is significantly larger than those in the gauge sector at large distances. In order to resum the contributions of the remaining infinite set of QED-like diagrams, we further expand the theory in 1 /Nc, where Nc is the number of colors. At leading order, this double expansion leads to the well-known rainbow approximation for the quark propagator. We take advantage of the systematic expansion to get a renormalization-group improvement of the rainbow resummation. A simple numerical solution of the resulting coupled set of equations reproduces the phenomenology of the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking: for sufficiently large quark-gluon coupling constant, the constituent quark mass saturates when its valence mass approaches zero. We find very good agreement with lattice data for the scalar part of the propagator and explain why the vectorial part is poorly reproduced.

The NASA GPM Iowa Flood Studies Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersen, W. A.; Krajewski, W. F.; Peters-Lidard, C. D.; Rutledge, S. A.; Wolff, D. B.

2013-12-01

The overarching objective of NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) integrated hydrologic ground validation (GV) is to provide a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of the satellite products, in the context of hydrologic applications. Accordingly, the NASA GPM GV program recently completed the first of several hydrology-oriented field efforts: the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) experiment. IFloodS was conducted in central Iowa during the months of April-June, 2013. IFloodS science objectives focused on: a) The collection of reference multi-parameter radar, rain gauge, disdrometer, soil moisture, and hydrologic network measurements to quantify the physical character and space/time variability of rain (e.g., rates, drop size distributions, processes), land surface- state and hydrologic response; b) Application of the ground reference measurements to assessment of satellite-based rainfall estimation uncertainties; c) Propagation of both ground and satellite rainfall estimation uncertainties in coupled hydrologic prediction models to assess impacts on predictive skill; and d) Evaluation of rainfall properties such as rate and accumulation relative to basin hydrologic characteristics in modeled flood genesis. IFloodS observational objectives were achieved via deployments of the NASA NPOL S-band and D3R Ka/Ku-band dual-polarimetric radars (operating in coordinated scanning modes), four University of Iowa X-band dual-polarimetric radars, four Micro Rain Radars, a network of 25 paired rain gauge platforms with attendant soil moisture and temperature probes, a network of six 2D Video and 14 Parsivel disdrometers, and 15 USDA-ARS rain gauge and soil-moisture stations (collaboration with the USDA-ARS and NASA Soil Moisture Active-Passive mission). The aforementioned platforms complemented existing operational WSR-88D S-band polarimetric radar, USGS streamflow, and Iowa Flood Center-affiliated stream monitoring and rainfall measurements. Coincident low-earth orbiter microwave, geostationary infrared, and derived satellite-algorithm rainfall products were also archived during the experiment. Twice daily NASA Unified Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations were conducted to provide weather forecast guidance and a coupled atmospheric/land-surface model simulation benchmark. During the experiment the IFloodS observational domain experienced heavy rainfall (> 250-300 mm) and significant flooding. Deployed observational assets, especially the research radars performed well throughout the experiment, sampling a broad range of precipitation system types including multi-day mixtures of rain and snow, warm-season mesoscale convective systems, and supercell thunderstorms. The variety of regimes and large rain accumulations sampled creates a rich source of data for testing both satellite products and coupled atmospheric, land system, and hydrologic models. In this study we will provide an overview of the IFloodS experiment, datasets, and preliminary observational results.

Nonperturbative β function of eight-flavor SU(3) gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasenfratz, Anna; Schaich, David; Veernala, Aarti

2015-06-01

We present a new lattice study of the discrete β function for SU(3) gauge theory with N f = 8 massless flavors of fermions in the fundamental representation. Using the gradient flow running coupling, and comparing two different nHYP-smeared staggered lattice actions, we calculate the 8-flavor step-scaling function at significantly stronger couplings than were previously accessible. Our continuum-extrapolated results for the discrete β function show no sign of an IR fixed point up to couplings of g 2 ≈ 14. At the same time, we find that the gradient flow coupling runs much more slowly than predicted by two-loop perturbation theory, reinforcing previous indications that the 8-flavor system possesses nontrivial strongly coupled IR dynamics with relevance to BSM phenomenology.

Vacuum-Gauge Connection For Shipping Container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henry, Robert H.

1990-01-01

External connector enables measurement of vacuum in stored part. Remote-readout connector added to shipping container and connected to thermo-couple vacuum gauge in vacuum-insulated cryogenic line packed in container. Enables monitoring of condition of vacuum without opening container.

Anomalous photon-gauge boson coupling contribution to the exclusive vector boson pair production from two photon exchange in pp collisions at 13 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martins, D. E.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Sá Borges, J.

We study the W and Z pair production from two-photon exchange in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in order to evaluate the contributions of anomalous photon-gauge boson couplings, that simulates new particles and couplings predicted in many Standard Model (SM) extensions. The experimental results of W{sup +} W{sup −} exclusive production (pp → pW{sup +}W{sup −} p) at 7 TeV from the CMS collaboration [1] updates the experimental limits on anomalous couplings obtained at the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP). This motivates our present analysis hopefully anticipating the expected results using the Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) to be installed as partmore » of CMS. In this work, we consider the W{sup +}W{sup −} exclusive production to present the p{sub T} distribution of the lepton pair corresponding to the SM signal with p{sub T} (e, μ) > 10 GeV. Next, we consider the photon-gauge boson anomalous couplings by calculating, from the FPMC and MadGraph event generators, the process γγ → W{sup +}W{sup −} from a model with gauge boson quartic couplings, by considering a 1 TeV scale for new physical effects. We present our results for an integrated luminosity of 5 fb{sup −1} at center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and for an integrated luminosity of 100 fb{sup −1} at 13 TeV. We present our preliminary results for Z pair exclusive production from two-photon exchange with anomalous couplings, where the ZZγγ quartic coupling is absent in the SM. We calculate the total cross section for the exclusive process and present the four lepton invariant mass distribution. Finally we present an outlook for the present analysis.« less

Gauge theories with time dependent couplings and their cosmological duals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Awad, Adel; Center for Theoretical Physics, British University of Egypt, Sherouk City 11837, P.O. Box 43; Das, Sumit R.

2009-02-15

We consider the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in flat 3+1-dimensional space-time with a time dependent coupling constant which vanishes at t=0, like g{sub YM}{sup 2}=t{sup p}. In an analogous quantum mechanics toy model we find that the response is singular. The energy diverges at t=0, for a generic state. In addition, if p>1 the phase of the wave function has a wildly oscillating behavior, which does not allow it to be continued past t=0. A similar effect would make the gauge theory singular as well, though nontrivial effects of renormalization could tame this singularity and allow a smooth continuation beyondmore » t=0. The gravity dual in some cases is known to be a time dependent cosmology which exhibits a spacelike singularity at t=0. Our results, if applicable in the gauge theory for the case of the vanishing coupling, imply that the singularity is a genuine sickness and does not admit a meaningful continuation. When the coupling remains nonzero and becomes small at t=0, the curvature in the bulk becomes of order string scale. The gauge theory now admits a time evolution beyond this point. In this case, a finite amount of energy is produced which possibly thermalizes and leads to a black hole in the bulk.« less

Canonical transformation path to gauge theories of gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Struckmeier, J.; Muench, J.; Vasak, D.; Kirsch, J.; Hanauske, M.; Stoecker, H.

2017-06-01

In this paper, the generic part of the gauge theory of gravity is derived, based merely on the action principle and on the general principle of relativity. We apply the canonical transformation framework to formulate geometrodynamics as a gauge theory. The starting point of our paper is constituted by the general De Donder-Weyl Hamiltonian of a system of scalar and vector fields, which is supposed to be form-invariant under (global) Lorentz transformations. Following the reasoning of gauge theories, the corresponding locally form-invariant system is worked out by means of canonical transformations. The canonical transformation approach ensures by construction that the form of the action functional is maintained. We thus encounter amended Hamiltonian systems which are form-invariant under arbitrary spacetime transformations. This amended system complies with the general principle of relativity and describes both, the dynamics of the given physical system's fields and their coupling to those quantities which describe the dynamics of the spacetime geometry. In this way, it is unambiguously determined how spin-0 and spin-1 fields couple to the dynamics of spacetime. A term that describes the dynamics of the "free" gauge fields must finally be added to the amended Hamiltonian, as common to all gauge theories, to allow for a dynamic spacetime geometry. The choice of this "dynamics" Hamiltonian is outside of the scope of gauge theory as presented in this paper. It accounts for the remaining indefiniteness of any gauge theory of gravity and must be chosen "by hand" on the basis of physical reasoning. The final Hamiltonian of the gauge theory of gravity is shown to be at least quadratic in the conjugate momenta of the gauge fields—this is beyond the Einstein-Hilbert theory of general relativity.

On Resolutions of Cosmological Singularities in Higher-Spin Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burrington, Benjamin; Pando Zayas, Leopoldo; Rombes, Nicholas

2014-03-01

Gravity in three dimensions is simpler than in four, due to the lack of gravitational waves, and can be recast as a Chern-Simons theory. In this context, it is straightforward to generalize Einstein's gravity, with or without cosmological constant, by changing the gauge group. Using this, we study the resolution of certain cosmological singularities, and extend the singularity resolution scheme proposed by Krishnan and Roy. We discuss the resolution of a big-bang singularity in the case of gravity coupled to a spin-4 field realized as Chern-Simons theory with gauge group SL (4 , C) . We show the existence of gauge transformations that do not change the holonomy of the Chern-Simons gauge potential and lead to metrics without the initial singularity. We argue that such transformations always exist in the context of gravity coupled to a spin-N field when described by Chern-Simons with gauge group SL (N , C) . This work was supported by the DOE under grant DE-FG02-95ER40899, a research grant from Troy University, and the Honors Summer Fellowship at the University of Michigan.

Nonminimal quartic inflation in classically conformal U(1 ) X extended standard model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oda, Satsuki; Okada, Nobuchika; Raut, Digesh; Takahashi, Dai-suke

2018-03-01

We propose quartic inflation with nonminimal gravitational coupling in the context of the classically conformal U(1 ) X extension of the standard model (SM). In this model, the U(1 ) X gauge symmetry is radiatively broken through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, by which the U(1 ) X gauge boson (Z' boson) and the right-handed Majorana neutrinos acquire their masses. We consider their masses in the range of O (10 GeV )-O (10 TeV ) , which are accessible to high-energy collider experiments. The radiative U(1 ) X gauge symmetry breaking also generates a negative mass squared for the SM Higgs doublet, and the electroweak symmetry breaking occurs subsequently. We identify the U(1 ) X Higgs field with inflaton and calculate the inflationary predictions. Because of the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, the inflaton quartic coupling during inflation, which determines the inflationary predictions, is correlated to the U(1 ) X gauge coupling. With this correlation, we investigate complementarities between the inflationary predictions and the current constraint from the Z' boson resonance search at the LHC Run 2 as well as the prospect of the search for the Z' boson and the right-handed neutrinos at the future collider experiments.

Measurements of CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings WWV (V≡ γ,Z) in e+e- collisions at LEP2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdallah, J.; Abreu, P.; Adam, W.; Adzic, P.; Albrecht, T.; Alemany-Fernandez, R.; Allmendinger, T.; Allport, P. P.; Amaldi, U.; Amapane, N.; Amato, S.; Anashkin, E.; Andreazza, A.; Andringa, S.; Anjos, N.; Antilogus, P.; Apel, W.-D.; Arnoud, Y.; Ask, S.; Asman, B.; Augustin, J. E.; Augustinus, A.; Baillon, P.; Ballestrero, A.; Bambade, P.; Barbier, R.; Bardin, D.; Barker, G. J.; Baroncelli, A.; Battaglia, M.; Baubillier, M.; Becks, K.-H.; Begalli, M.; Behrmann, A.; Ben-Haim, E.; Benekos, N.; Benvenuti, A.; Berat, C.; Berggren, M.; Bertrand, D.; Besancon, M.; Besson, N.; Bloch, D.; Blom, M.; Bluj, M.; Bonesini, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Booth, P. S. L.; Borisov, G.; Botner, O.; Bouquet, B.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Boyko, I.; Bracko, M.; Brenner, R.; Brodet, E.; Bruckman, P.; Brunet, J. M.; Buschbeck, B.; Buschmann, P.; Calvi, M.; Camporesi, T.; Canale, V.; Carena, F.; Castro, N.; Cavallo, F.; Chapkin, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Checchia, P.; Chierici, R.; Chliapnikov, P.; Chudoba, J.; Chung, S. U.; Cieslik, K.; Collins, P.; Contri, R.; Cosme, G.; Cossutti, F.; Costa, M. J.; Crennell, D.; Cuevas, J.; D'Hondt, J.; da Silva, T.; da Silva, W.; Della Ricca, G.; de Angelis, A.; de Boer, W.; de Clercq, C.; de Lotto, B.; de Maria, N.; de Min, A.; de Paula, L.; di Ciaccio, L.; di Simone, A.; Doroba, K.; Drees, J.; Eigen, G.; Ekelof, T.; Ellert, M.; Elsing, M.; Espirito Santo, M. C.; Fanourakis, G.; Fassouliotis, D.; Feindt, M.; Fernandez, J.; Ferrer, A.; Ferro, F.; Flagmeyer, U.; Foeth, H.; Fokitis, E.; Fulda-Quenzer, F.; Fuster, J.; Gandelman, M.; Garcia, C.; Gavillet, Ph.; Gazis, E.; Gokieli, R.; Golob, B.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Goncalves, P.; Graziani, E.; Grosdidier, G.; Grzelak, K.; Guy, J.; Haag, C.; Hallgren, A.; Hamacher, K.; Hamilton, K.; Haug, S.; Hauler, F.; Hedberg, V.; Hennecke, M.; Hoffman, J.; Holmgren, S.-O.; Holt, P. J.; Houlden, M. A.; Jackson, J. N.; Jarlskog, G.; Jarry, P.; Jeans, D.; Johansson, E. K.; Jonsson, P.; Joram, C.; Jungermann, L.; Kapusta, F.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsoufis, E.; Kernel, G.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kerzel, U.; King, B. T.; Kjaer, N. J.; Kluit, P.; Kokkinias, P.; Kostioukhine, V.; Kourkoumelis, C.; Kouznetsov, O.; Krumstein, Z.; Kucharczyk, M.; Lamsa, J.; Leder, G.; Ledroit, F.; Leinonen, L.; Leitner, R.; Lemonne, J.; Lepeltier, V.; Lesiak, T.; Libby, J.; Liebig, W.; Liko, D.; Lipniacka, A.; Lopes, J. H.; Lopez, J. M.; Loukas, D.; Lutz, P.; Lyons, L.; MacNaughton, J.; Malek, A.; Maltezos, S.; Mandl, F.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Marechal, B.; Margoni, M.; Marin, J.-C.; Mariotti, C.; Markou, A.; Martinez-Rivero, C.; Masik, J.; Mastroyiannopoulos, N.; Matorras, F.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mazzucato, F.; Mazzucato, M.; Mc Nulty, R.; Meroni, C.; Migliore, E.; Mitaroff, W.; Mjoernmark, U.; Moa, T.; Moch, M.; Moenig, K.; Monge, R.; Montenegro, J.; Moraes, D.; Moreno, S.; Morettini, P.; Mueller, U.; Muenich, K.; Mulders, M.; Mundim, L.; Murray, W.; Muryn, B.; Myatt, G.; Myklebust, T.; Nassiakou, M.; Navarria, F.; Nawrocki, K.; Nemecek, S.; Nicolaidou, R.; Nikolenko, M.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Olshevski, A.; Onofre, A.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Ouraou, A.; Oyanguren, A.; Paganoni, M.; Paiano, S.; Palacios, J. P.; Palka, H.; Papadopoulou, Th. D.; Pape, L.; Parkes, C.; Parodi, F.; Parzefall, U.; Passeri, A.; Passon, O.; Peralta, L.; Perepelitsa, V.; Perrotta, A.; Petrolini, A.; Piedra, J.; Pieri, L.; Pierre, F.; Pimenta, M.; Piotto, E.; Podobnik, T.; Poireau, V.; Pol, M. E.; Polok, G.; Pozdniakov, V.; Pukhaeva, N.; Pullia, A.; Radojicic, D.; Rebecchi, P.; Rehn, J.; Reid, D.; Reinhardt, R.; Renton, P.; Richard, F.; Ridky, J.; Rivero, M.; Rodriguez, D.; Romero, A.; Ronchese, P.; Roudeau, P.; Rovelli, T.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.; Ryabtchikov, D.; Sadovsky, A.; Salmi, L.; Salt, J.; Sander, C.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Schwickerath, U.; Sekulin, R.; Siebel, M.; Sisakian, A.; Smadja, G.; Smirnova, O.; Sokolov, A.; Sopczak, A.; Sosnowski, R.; Spassov, T.; Stanitzki, M.; Stocchi, A.; Strauss, J.; Stugu, B.; Szczekowski, M.; Szeptycka, M.; Szumlak, T.; Tabarelli, T.; Tegenfeldt, F.; Terranova, F.; Timmermans, J.; Tkatchev, L.; Tobin, M.; Todorovova, S.; Tome, B.; Tonazzo, A.; Tortosa, P.; Travnicek, P.; Treille, D.; Tristram, G.; Trochimczuk, M.; Troncon, C.; Turluer, M.-L.; Tyapkin, I. A.; Tyapkin, P.; Tzamarias, S.; Uvarov, V.; Valenti, G.; van Dam, P.; van Eldik, J.; van Lysebetten, A.; van Remortel, N.; van Vulpen, I.; Vegni, G.; Veloso, F.; Venus, W.; Verdier, P.; Verzi, V.; Vilanova, D.; Vitale, L.; Vrba, V.; Wahlen, H.; Washbrook, A. J.; Weiser, C.; Wicke, D.; Wickens, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Winter, M.; Witek, M.; Yushchenko, O.; Zalewska, A.; Zalewski, P.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zimin, N. I.; Zintchenko, A.; Zupan, M.; DELPHI Collaboration

2010-03-01

The data taken by Delphi at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV are used to place limits on the CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings Δ gZ1, λ γ and Δ κ γ associated to W + W - and single W production at Lep2. Using data from the jj ℓ ν, jjjj, jjX and ℓ X final states, where j, ℓ and X represent a jet, a lepton and missing four-momentum, respectively, the following limits are set on the couplings when one parameter is allowed to vary and the others are set to their Standard Model values of zero: begin{array}{l}Δ g^Z_1=-0.025^{+0.033}_{-0.030}, noalign{}λ_γ =0.002^{+0.035}_{-0.035}qquadand noalign{}Δkappa_γ =0.024^{+0.077}_{-0.081}. Results are also presented when two or three parameters are allowed to vary. All observations are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model and supersede the previous results on these gauge coupling parameters published by Delphi.

Unified treatment of the luminosity distance in cosmology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoo, Jaiyul; Scaccabarozzi, Fulvio, E-mail: jyoo@physik.uzh.ch, E-mail: fulvio@physik.uzh.ch

Comparing the luminosity distance measurements to its theoretical predictions is one of the cornerstones in establishing the modern cosmology. However, as shown in Biern and Yoo, its theoretical predictions in literature are often plagued with infrared divergences and gauge-dependences. This trend calls into question the sanity of the methods used to derive the luminosity distance. Here we critically investigate four different methods—the geometric approach, the Sachs approach, the Jacobi mapping approach, and the geodesic light cone (GLC) approach to modeling the luminosity distance, and we present a unified treatment of such methods, facilitating the comparison among the methods and checkingmore » their sanity. All of these four methods, if exercised properly, can be used to reproduce the correct description of the luminosity distance.« less

Evidence of W γ γ Production in p p Collisions at s = 8 TeV and Limits on Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings with the ATLAS Detector

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2015-07-16

Here we report evidence of triple gauge boson production pp→W(ℓν)γγ+X, which is accessible for the first time with the 8 TeV LHC data set. The fiducial cross section for this process is measured in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb ₋1, collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012. Events are selected using the W boson decay to eν or μν as well as requiring two isolated photons. The measured cross section is used to set limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the high diphoton mass region.

Exact Solution of a Strongly Coupled Gauge Theory in 0 +1 Dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishnan, Chethan; Kumar, K. V. Pavan

2018-05-01

Gauged tensor models are a class of strongly coupled quantum mechanical theories. We present the exact analytic solution of a specific example of such a theory: namely, the smallest colored tensor model due to Gurau and Witten that exhibits nonlinearities. We find explicit analytic expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenstates, and the former agree precisely with previous numerical results on (a subset of) eigenvalues of the ungauged theory. The physics of the spectrum, despite the smallness of N , exhibits rudimentary signatures of chaos. This Letter is a summary of our main results: the technical details will appear in companion paper [C. Krishnan and K. V. Pavan Kumar, Complete solution of a gauged tensor model, arXiv:1804.10103].

Decay of superconducting correlations for gauged electrons in dimensions D ≤ 4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tada, Yasuhiro; Koma, Tohru

2018-03-01

We study lattice superconductors coupled to gauge fields, such as an attractive Hubbard model in electromagnetic fields, with a standard gauge fixing. We prove upper bounds for a two-point Cooper pair correlation at finite temperatures in spatial dimensions D ≤ 4. The upper bounds decay exponentially in three dimensions and by power law in four dimensions. These imply the absence of the superconducting long-range order for the Cooper pair amplitude as a consequence of fluctuations of the gauge fields. Since our results hold for the gauge fixing Hamiltonian, they cannot be obtained as a corollary of Elitzur's theorem.

The heavy top quark and supersymmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, L.J.

1997-01-01

Three aspects of supersymmetric theories are discussed: electroweak symmetry breaking, the issues of flavor, and gauge unification. The heavy top quark plays an important, sometimes dominant, role in each case. Additional symmetries lead to extensions of the Standard Model which can provide an understanding for many of the outstanding problems of particle physics. A broken supersymmetric extension of spacetime allows electroweak symmetry breaking to follow from the dynamics of the heavy top quark; an extension of isospin provides a constrained framework for understanding the pattern of quark and lepton masses; and a grand unified extension of the Standard Model gaugemore » group provides an elegant understanding of the gauge quantum numbers of the components of a generation. Experimental signatures for each of these additional symmetries are discussed.« less

Large tensor non-Gaussianity from axion-gauge field dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agrawal, Aniket; Fujita, Tomohiro; Komatsu, Eiichiro

2018-05-01

We show that an inflation model in which a spectator axion field is coupled to an S U (2 ) gauge field produces a large three-point function (bispectrum) of primordial gravitational waves, Bh, on the scales relevant to the cosmic microwave background experiments. The amplitude of the bispectrum at the equilateral configuration is characterized by Bh/Ph2=O (10 )×ΩA-1 , where ΩA is a fraction of the energy density in the gauge field and Ph is the power spectrum of gravitational waves produced by the gauge field.

Quasimodular instanton partition function and the elliptic solution of Korteweg-de Vries equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Wei

2015-02-01

The Gauge/Bethe correspondence relates Omega-deformed N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories to some quantum integrable models, in simple cases the integrable models can be treated as solvable quantum mechanics models. For SU(2) gauge theory with an adjoint matter, or with 4 fundamental matters, the potential of corresponding quantum model is the elliptic function. If the mass of matter takes special value then the potential is an elliptic solution of KdV hierarchy. We show that the deformed prepotential of gauge theory can be obtained from the average densities of conserved charges of the classical KdV solution, the UV gauge coupling dependence is assembled into the Eisenstein series. The gauge theory with adjoint mass is taken as the example.

Ward identity and basis tensor gauge theory at one loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Daniel J. H.

2018-06-01

Basis tensor gauge theory (BTGT) is a reformulation of ordinary gauge theory that is an analog of the vierbein formulation of gravity and is related to the Wilson line formulation. To match ordinary gauge theories coupled to matter, the BTGT formalism requires a continuous symmetry that we call the BTGT symmetry in addition to the ordinary gauge symmetry. After classically interpreting the BTGT symmetry, we construct using the BTGT formalism the Ward identities associated with the BTGT symmetry and the ordinary gauge symmetry. For a way of testing the quantum stability and the consistency of the Ward identities with a known regularization method, we explicitly renormalize the scalar QED at one loop using dimensional regularization using the BTGT formalism.

Is there a sign of new physics in beryllium transitions?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fornal, Bartosz

2017-01-01

A 6.8 σ anomaly in the invariant mass distribution of e+e- pairs produced via internal pair creation in 8 Be nuclear transitions has been reported recently by Krasznahorkay et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 042501. The data can be explained by a 17 MeV vector gauge boson X produced in the transition of an excited beryllium state to the ground state, 8Be* ->8 Be X , followed by the decay X ->e+e- . We find that the gauge boson X can be associated with a new ``protophobic'' fifth force (i.e.with a coupling to protons suppressed compared to its coupling to neutrons) with a characteristic range of 10 fm and milli-charged couplings to first generation quarks and electrons. We show that such a ``protophobic'' gauge boson is consistent with all available experimental constraints and we discuss several ways to embed this new particle into an anomaly-free extension of the Standard Model. One of the most appealing theories of this type is a model with gauged baryon number, in which the new gauge boson kinetically mixes with the photon, and provides a portal to the dark matter sector. Apart from the phenomenological richness of the model, it can also alleviate the current 3.6 σ discrepancy between the predicted and measured values of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment. B.F. acknowledges partial support from DOE Grant DE-SC0009919 and NSF Grant PHY-1316792.

Yang-Mills matrix mechanics and quantum phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, Mahul; Vaidya, Sachindeo

The SU(2) Yang-Mills matrix model coupled to fundamental fermions is studied in the adiabatic limit, and quantum critical behavior is seen at special corners of the gauge field configuration space. The quantum scalar potential for the gauge field induced by the fermions diverges at the corners, and is intimately related to points of enhanced degeneracy of the fermionic Hamiltonian. This in turn leads to superselection sectors in the Hilbert space of the gauge field, the ground states in different sectors being orthogonal to each other. The SU(2) Yang-Mills matrix model coupled to two Weyl fermions has three quantum phases. When coupled to a massless Dirac fermion, the number of quantum phases is four. One of these phases is the color-spin locked phase. This paper is an extended version of the lectures given by the second author (SV) at the International Workshop on Quantum Physics: Foundations and Applications, Bangalore, in February 2016, and is based on [1].

A solution to coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for gluons and ghosts in Landau gauge.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

von Smekal, L.; Alkofer, R.; Hauck, A.

1998-07-20

A truncation scheme for the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD in Landau gauge is presented which implements the Slavnov-Taylor identities for the 3-point vertex functions. Neglecting contributions from 4-point correlations such as the 4-gluon vertex function and irreducible scattering kernels, a closed system of equations for the propagators is obtained. For the pure gauge theory without quarks this system of equations for the propagators of gluons and ghosts is solved in an approximation which allows for an analytic discussion of its solutions in the infrared: The gluon propagator is shown to vanish for small spacelike momenta whereas the ghost propagator ismore » found to be infrared enhanced. The running coupling of the non-perturbative subtraction scheme approaches an infrared stable fixed point at a critical value of the coupling alpha c of approx. 9.5. The gluon propagator is shown to have no Lehmann representation. The results for the propagators obtained here compare favorably with recent lattice calculations.« less

Bethe Ansatz solutions for highest states in Script N = 4 SYM and AdS/CFT duality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beccaria, Matteo; DelDebbio, Luigi

2006-09-01

We consider the operators with highest anomalous dimension Δ in the compact rank-one sectors fraktur sfraktur u(1|1) and fraktur sfraktur u(2) of Script N = 4 super Yang-Mills. We study the flow of Δ from weak to strong 't Hooft coupling λ by solving (i) the all-loop gauge Bethe Ansatz, (ii) the quantum string Bethe Ansatz. The two calculations are carefully compared in the strong coupling limit and exhibit different exponents ν in the leading order expansion Δ ~ λν. We find ν = 1/2 and ν = 1/4 for the gauge or string solution. This strong coupling discrepancy is not unexpected, and it provides an explicit example where the gauge Bethe Ansatz solution cannot be trusted at large λ. Instead, the string solution perfectly reproduces the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov law Δ = 2n1/2 λ1/4. In particular, we provide an analytic expression for the integer level n as a function of the U(1) charge in both sectors.

Splitting of the weak hypercharge quantum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nielsen, H. B.; Brene, N.

1991-08-01

The ratio between the weak hypercharge quantum for particles having no coupling to the gauge bosons corresponding to the semi-simple component of the gauge group and the smallest hypercharge quantum for particles that do have such couplings is exceptionally large for the standard model, considering its rank. To compare groups with respect to this property we propose a quantity χ which depends on the rank of the group and the splitting ratio of the hypercharge(s) to be found in the group. The quantity χ has maximal value for the gauge group of the standard model. This suggests that the hypercharge splitting may play an important rôle either in the origin of the gauge symmetry at a fundamental scale or in some kind of selection mechanism at a scale perhaps nearer to the experimental scale. Such a selection mechanism might be what we have called confusion which removes groups with many (so-called generalized) automorphisms. The quantity χ tends to be large for groups with few generalized automorphisms.

Thermalization and confinement in strongly coupled gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, Takaaki; Kiritsis, Elias; Rosen, Christopher

2016-11-01

Quantum field theories of strongly interacting matter sometimes have a useful holographic description in terms of the variables of a gravitational theory in higher dimensions. This duality maps time dependent physics in the gauge theory to time dependent solutions of the Einstein equations in the gravity theory. In order to better understand the process by which "real world" theories such as QCD behave out of thermodynamic equilibrium, we study time dependent perturbations to states in a model of a confining, strongly coupled gauge theory via holography. Operationally, this involves solving a set of non-linear Einstein equations supplemented with specific time dependent boundary conditions. The resulting solutions allow one to comment on the timescale by which the perturbed states thermalize, as well as to quantify the properties of the final state as a function of the perturbation parameters. We comment on the influence of the dual gauge theory's confinement scale on these results, as well as the appearance of a previously anticipated universal scaling regime in the "abrupt quench" limit.

Strongly coupled gauge theories: What can lattice calculations teach us?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasenfratz, A.; Brower, R. C.; Rebbi, C.; Weinberg, E.; Witzel, O.

2017-12-01

The dynamical origin of electroweak symmetry breaking is an open question with many possible theoretical explanations. Strongly coupled systems predicting the Higgs boson as a bound state of a new gauge-fermion interaction form one class of candidate models. Due to increased statistics, LHC run II will further constrain the phenomenologically viable models in the near future. In the meanwhile it is important to understand the general properties and specific features of the different competing models. In this work we discuss many-flavor gauge-fermion systems that contain both massless (light) and massive fermions. The former provide Goldstone bosons and trigger electroweak symmetry breaking, while the latter indirectly influence the infrared dynamics. Numerical results reveal that such systems can exhibit a light 0++ isosinglet scalar, well separated from the rest of the spectrum. Further, when we set the scale via the vev of electroweak symmetry breaking, we predict a 2 TeV vector resonance which could be a generic feature of SU(3) gauge theories.

Two-dimensional lattice gauge theories with superconducting quantum circuits

PubMed Central

Marcos, D.; Widmer, P.; Rico, E.; Hafezi, M.; Rabl, P.; Wiese, U.-J.; Zoller, P.

2014-01-01

A quantum simulator of U(1) lattice gauge theories can be implemented with superconducting circuits. This allows the investigation of confined and deconfined phases in quantum link models, and of valence bond solid and spin liquid phases in quantum dimer models. Fractionalized confining strings and the real-time dynamics of quantum phase transitions are accessible as well. Here we show how state-of-the-art superconducting technology allows us to simulate these phenomena in relatively small circuit lattices. By exploiting the strong non-linear couplings between quantized excitations emerging when superconducting qubits are coupled, we show how to engineer gauge invariant Hamiltonians, including ring-exchange and four-body Ising interactions. We demonstrate that, despite decoherence and disorder effects, minimal circuit instances allow us to investigate properties such as the dynamics of electric flux strings, signaling confinement in gauge invariant field theories. The experimental realization of these models in larger superconducting circuits could address open questions beyond current computational capability. PMID:25512676

Dual representation of lattice QCD with worldlines and worldsheets of Abelian color fluxes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchis, Carlotta; Gattringer, Christof

2018-02-01

We present a new dual representation for lattice QCD in terms of wordlines and worldsheets. The exact reformulation is carried out using the recently developed Abelian color flux method where the action is decomposed into commuting minimal terms that connect different colors on neighboring sites. Expanding the Boltzmann factors for these commuting terms allows one to reorganize the gauge field contributions according to links such that the gauge fields can be integrated out in closed form. The emerging constraints give the dual variables the structure of worldlines for the fermions and worldsheets for the gauge degrees of freedom. The partition sum has the form of a strong coupling expansion, and with the Abelian color flux approach discussed here all coefficients of the expansion are known in closed form. We present the dual form for three cases: pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory, strong coupling QCD and full QCD, and discuss in detail the constraints for the color fluxes and their physical interpretation.

Schwarzschild radius from Monte Carlo calculation of the Wilson loop in supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanics.

PubMed

Hanada, Masanori; Miwa, Akitsugu; Nishimura, Jun; Takeuchi, Shingo

2009-05-08

In the string-gauge duality it is important to understand how the space-time geometry is encoded in gauge theory observables. We address this issue in the case of the D0-brane system at finite temperature T. Based on the duality, the temporal Wilson loop W in gauge theory is expected to contain the information of the Schwarzschild radius RSch of the dual black hole geometry as log(W)=RSch/(2pialpha'T). This translates to the power-law behavior log(W)=1.89(T/lambda 1/3)-3/5, where lambda is the 't Hooft coupling constant. We calculate the Wilson loop on the gauge theory side in the strongly coupled regime by performing Monte Carlo simulations of supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanics with 16 supercharges. The results reproduce the expected power-law behavior up to a constant shift, which is explainable as alpha' corrections on the gravity side. Our conclusion also demonstrates manifestly the fuzzball picture of black holes.

Low energy theorems and the unitarity bounds in the extra U(1) superstring inspired E{sub 6} models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharma, N.K.; Saxena, Pranav; Nagawat, Ashok K.

2005-11-01

The conventional method using low energy theorems derived by Chanowitz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2344 (1986);] does not seem to lead to an explicit unitarity limit in the scattering processes of longitudinally polarized gauge bosons for the high energy case in the extra U(1) superstring inspired models, commonly known as {eta} model, emanating from E{sub 6} group of superstring theory. We have made use of an alternative procedure given by Durand and Lopez [Phys. Lett. B 217, 463 (1989);], which is applicable to supersymmetric grand unified theories. Explicit unitarity bounds on the superpotential couplings (identified as Yukawa couplings)more » are obtained from both using unitarity constraints as well as using renormalization group equations (RGE) analysis at one-loop level utilizing critical couplings concepts implying divergence of scalar coupling at M{sub G}. These are found to be consistent with finiteness over the entire range M{sub Z}{<=}{radical}(s){<=}M{sub G} i.e. from grand unification scale to weak scale. For completeness, the similar approach has been made use of in other models i.e., {chi}, {psi}, and {nu} models emanating from E{sub 6} and it has been noticed that at weak scale, the unitarity bounds on Yukawa couplings do not differ among E{sub 6} extra U(1) models significantly except for the case of {chi} model in 16 representations. For the case of the E{sub 6}-{eta} model ({beta}{sub E} congruent with 9.64), the analysis using the unitarity constraints leads to the following bounds on various parameters: {lambda}{sub t(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.294, {lambda}{sub b(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.278, {lambda}{sub H(max.)}(M{sub Z})=0.955, {lambda}{sub D(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.312. The analytical analysis of RGE at the one-loop level provides the following critical bounds on superpotential couplings: {lambda}{sub t,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.295, {lambda}{sub b,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.279, {lambda}{sub H,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 0.968, {lambda}{sub D,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.315. Thus superpotential coupling values obtained by both the approaches are in good agreement. Theoretically we have obtained bounds on physical mass parameters using the unitarity constrained superpotential couplings. The bounds are as follows: (i) Absolute upper bound on top quark mass m{sub t}{<=}225 GeV (ii) the upper bound on the lightest neutral Higgs boson mass at the tree level is m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{sup tree}{<=}169 GeV, and after the inclusion of the one-loop radiative correction it is m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{<=}229 GeV when {lambda}{sub t}{ne}{lambda}{sub b} at the grand unified theory scale. On the other hand, these are m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{sup tree}{<=}159 GeV, m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{<=}222 GeV, respectively, when {lambda}{sub t}={lambda}{sub b} at the grand unified theory scale. A plausible range on D-quark mass as a function of mass scale M{sub Z{sub 2}} is m{sub D}{approx_equal}O(3 TeV) for M{sub Z{sub 2}}{approx_equal}O(1 TeV) for the favored values of tan{beta}{<=}1. The bounds on aforesaid physical parameters in the case of {chi}, {psi}, and {nu} models in the 27 representation are almost identical with those of {eta} model and are consistent with the present day experimental precision measurements.« less

Sequestering the Gravitino: Neutralino Dark Matter in Gauge Mediation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Craig, Nathaniel J.; /Stanford U., Dept. Phys.; Green, Daniel

2008-08-15

In conventional models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is invariably the gravitino. However, if the supersymmetry breaking sector is strongly coupled, conformal sequestering may raise the mass of the gravitino relative to the remaining soft supersymmetry-breaking masses. In this letter, we demonstrate that such conformal dynamics in gauge-mediated theories may give rise to satisfactory neutralino dark matter while simultaneously solving the flavor and {mu}/B{mu} problems.

Pushing the Limits of Piezoresistive Effect by Optomechanical Coupling in 3C-SiC/Si Heterostructure.

PubMed

Md Foisal, Abu Riduan; Qamar, Afzaal; Phan, Hoang-Phuong; Dinh, Toan; Tuan, Khoa-Nguyen; Tanner, Philip; Streed, Erik W; Dao, Dzung Viet

2017-11-22

This letter reports a giant opto-piezoresistive effect in p-3C-SiC/p-Si heterostructure under visible-light illumination. The p-3C-SiC/p-Si heterostructure has been fabricated by growing a 390 nm p-type 3C-SiC on a p-type Si substrate using the low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technique. The gauge factor of the heterostructure was found to be 28 under a dark condition; however, it significantly increased to about -455 under illumination of 635 nm wavelength at 3.0 mW/cm 2 . This gauge factor is over 200 times higher than that of commercial metal strain gauge, 16 times higher than that of 3C-SiC thinfilm, and approximately 5 times larger than that of bulk Si. This enhancement of the gauge factor was attributed to the opto-mechanical coupling effect in p-3C-SiC/p-Si heterostructure. The opto-mechanical coupling effect is the amplified effect of the photoconductivity enhancement and strain-induced band structure modification in the p-type Si substrate. These findings enable extremely high sensitive and robust mechanical sensors, as well as optical sensors at low cost, as no complicated nanofabrication process is required.

Surface operators in 5d gauge theories and duality relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashok, S. K.; Billò, M.; Dell'Aquila, E.; Frau, M.; Gupta, V.; John, R. R.; Lerda, A.

2018-05-01

We study half-BPS surface operators in 5d N = 1 gauge theories compactified on a circle. Using localization methods and the twisted chiral ring relations of coupled 3d/5d quiver gauge theories, we calculate the twisted chiral superpotential that governs the infrared properties of these surface operators. We make a detailed analysis of the localization integrand, and by comparing with the results from the twisted chiral ring equations, we obtain constraints on the 3d and 5d Chern-Simons levels so that the instanton partition function does not depend on the choice of integration contour. For these values of the Chern-Simons couplings, we comment on how the distinct quiver theories that realize the same surface operator are related to each other by Aharony-Seiberg dualities.

Running non-minimal inflation with stabilized inflaton potential

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Okada, Nobuchika; Raut, Digesh

In the context of the Higgs model involving gauge and Yukawa interactions with the spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, we consider λφ4 inflation with non- minimal gravitational coupling, where the Higgs field is identified as the inflaton. Since the inflaton quartic coupling is very small, once quantum corrections through the gauge and Yukawa interactions are taken into account, the inflaton effective potential most likely becomes unstable. Furthermore, in order to avoid this problem, we need to impose stability conditions on the effective inflaton potential, which lead to not only non-trivial relations amongst the particle mass spectrum of the model, but alsomore » correlations between the inflationary predictions and the mass spectrum. For reasons of concrete discussion, we investigate the minimal B - L extension of the standard model with identification of the B - L Higgs field as the inflaton. The stability conditions for the inflaton effective potential fix the mass ratio amongst the B - L gauge boson, the right-handed neutrinos and the inflaton. This mass ratio also correlates with the inflationary predictions. So, if the B - L gauge boson and the right-handed neutrinos are discovered in the future, their observed mass ratio provides constraints on the inflationary predictions.« less

Running non-minimal inflation with stabilized inflaton potential

DOE PAGES

Okada, Nobuchika; Raut, Digesh

2017-04-18

In the context of the Higgs model involving gauge and Yukawa interactions with the spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, we consider λφ4 inflation with non- minimal gravitational coupling, where the Higgs field is identified as the inflaton. Since the inflaton quartic coupling is very small, once quantum corrections through the gauge and Yukawa interactions are taken into account, the inflaton effective potential most likely becomes unstable. Furthermore, in order to avoid this problem, we need to impose stability conditions on the effective inflaton potential, which lead to not only non-trivial relations amongst the particle mass spectrum of the model, but alsomore » correlations between the inflationary predictions and the mass spectrum. For reasons of concrete discussion, we investigate the minimal B - L extension of the standard model with identification of the B - L Higgs field as the inflaton. The stability conditions for the inflaton effective potential fix the mass ratio amongst the B - L gauge boson, the right-handed neutrinos and the inflaton. This mass ratio also correlates with the inflationary predictions. So, if the B - L gauge boson and the right-handed neutrinos are discovered in the future, their observed mass ratio provides constraints on the inflationary predictions.« less

A master equation for strongly interacting dipoles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stokes, Adam; Nazir, Ahsan

2018-04-01

We consider a pair of dipoles such as Rydberg atoms for which direct electrostatic dipole–dipole interactions may be significantly larger than the coupling to transverse radiation. We derive a master equation using the Coulomb gauge, which naturally enables us to include the inter-dipole Coulomb energy within the system Hamiltonian rather than the interaction. In contrast, the standard master equation for a two-dipole system, which depends entirely on well-known gauge-invariant S-matrix elements, is usually derived using the multipolar gauge, wherein there is no explicit inter-dipole Coulomb interaction. We show using a generalised arbitrary-gauge light-matter Hamiltonian that this master equation is obtained in other gauges only if the inter-dipole Coulomb interaction is kept within the interaction Hamiltonian rather than the unperturbed part as in our derivation. Thus, our master equation depends on different S-matrix elements, which give separation-dependent corrections to the standard matrix elements describing resonant energy transfer and collective decay. The two master equations coincide in the large separation limit where static couplings are negligible. We provide an application of our master equation by finding separation-dependent corrections to the natural emission spectrum of the two-dipole system.

New 'phase' of quantum gravity.

PubMed

Wang, Charles H-T

2006-12-15

The emergence of loop quantum gravity over the past two decades has stimulated a great resurgence of interest in unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics. Among a number of appealing features of this approach is the intuitive picture of quantum geometry using spin networks and powerful mathematical tools from gauge field theory. However, the present form of loop quantum gravity suffers from a quantum ambiguity, owing to the presence of a free (Barbero-Immirzi) parameter. Following the recent progress on conformal decomposition of gravitational fields, we present a new phase space for general relativity. In addition to spin-gauge symmetry, the new phase space also incorporates conformal symmetry making the description parameter free. The Barbero-Immirzi ambiguity is shown to occur only if the conformal symmetry is gauge fixed prior to quantization. By withholding its full symmetries, the new phase space offers a promising platform for the future development of loop quantum gravity. This paper aims to provide an exposition, at a reduced technical level, of the above theoretical advances and their background developments. Further details are referred to cited references.

Outstanding junior investigator program. [Final technical report, 8/1/92-10/31/97

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Randall, Lisa; Rosenberg, Leslie

1999-12-18

Much of the authors work over the past five years has been aimed at bridging the gap between the exactly supersymmetric world of string theories and the world that is actually observed. Her report discusses the following subjects: (1) supersymmetry breaking; related work on the mass hierarchy and the relation between supersymmetry and grand unified theories; distinguishing between supersymmetric models; and the fundamental question of how gauge theories arise from D-branes.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aharony, Ofer; Benini, Francesco; Hsin, Po -Shen

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we conjecture dualities between SO(N) k Chern-Simons theories coupled to N f real scalars in the fundamental representation, and SO(k)- N+N f /2 coupled to N f real (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For N f = 0 these are just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we clarify. They lead us tomore » propose new gapped boundary states of topological insulators and superconductors. As a result, for k = 1 we get an interesting low-energy duality between N f free Majorana fermions and an SO( N) 1 Chern-Simons theory coupled to N f scalar fields (with N f ≤ N-2).« less

Entanglement of Distillation for Lattice Gauge Theories.

PubMed

Van Acoleyen, Karel; Bultinck, Nick; Haegeman, Jutho; Marien, Michael; Scholz, Volkher B; Verstraete, Frank

2016-09-23

We study the entanglement structure of lattice gauge theories from the local operational point of view, and, similar to Soni and Trivedi [J. High Energy Phys. 1 (2016) 1], we show that the usual entanglement entropy for a spatial bipartition can be written as the sum of an undistillable gauge part and of another part corresponding to the local operations and classical communication distillable entanglement, which is obtained by depolarizing the local superselection sectors. We demonstrate that the distillable entanglement is zero for pure Abelian gauge theories at zero gauge coupling, while it is in general nonzero for the non-Abelian case. We also consider gauge theories with matter, and show in a perturbative approach how area laws-including a topological correction-emerge for the distillable entanglement. Finally, we also discuss the entanglement entropy of gauge fixed states and show that it has no relation to the physical distillable entropy.

Atomic quantum simulation of the lattice gauge-Higgs model: Higgs couplings and emergence of exact local gauge symmetry.

PubMed

Kasamatsu, Kenichi; Ichinose, Ikuo; Matsui, Tetsuo

2013-09-13

Recently, the possibility of quantum simulation of dynamical gauge fields was pointed out by using a system of cold atoms trapped on each link in an optical lattice. However, to implement exact local gauge invariance, fine-tuning the interaction parameters among atoms is necessary. In the present Letter, we study the effect of violation of the U(1) local gauge invariance by relaxing the fine-tuning of the parameters and showing that a wide variety of cold atoms is still a faithful quantum simulator for a U(1) gauge-Higgs model containing a Higgs field sitting on sites. The clarification of the dynamics of this gauge-Higgs model sheds some light upon various unsolved problems, including the inflation process of the early Universe. We study the phase structure of this model by Monte Carlo simulation and also discuss the atomic characteristics of the Higgs phase in each simulator.

Quantum chaos on a critical Fermi surface.

PubMed

Patel, Aavishkar A; Sachdev, Subir

2017-02-21

We compute parameters characterizing many-body quantum chaos for a critical Fermi surface without quasiparticle excitations. We examine a theory of [Formula: see text] species of fermions at nonzero density coupled to a [Formula: see text] gauge field in two spatial dimensions and determine the Lyapunov rate and the butterfly velocity in an extended random-phase approximation. The thermal diffusivity is found to be universally related to these chaos parameters; i.e., the relationship is independent of [Formula: see text], the gauge-coupling constant, the Fermi velocity, the Fermi surface curvature, and high-energy details.

R parity violation from discrete R symmetries

DOE PAGES

Chen, Mu-Chun; Ratz, Michael; Takhistov, Volodymyr

2014-12-15

We consider supersymmetric extensions of the standard model in which the usual R or matter parity gets replaced by another R or non–R discrete symmetry that explains the observed longevity of the nucleon and solves the µ problem of MSSM. In order to identify suitable symmetries, we develop a novel method of deriving the maximal Z (R) N symmetry that satisfies a given set of constraints. We identify R parity violating (RPV) and conserving models that are consistent with precision gauge unification and also comment on their compatibility with a unified gauge symmetry such as the Pati–Salam group. Finally, wemore » provide a counter– example to the statement found in the recent literature that the lepton number violating RPV scenarios must have µ term and the bilinear κ L Hu operator of comparable magnitude.« less

The Coulomb Branch of 3d N= 4 Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bullimore, Mathew; Dimofte, Tudor; Gaiotto, Davide

2017-09-01

We propose a construction for the quantum-corrected Coulomb branch of a general 3d gauge theory with N=4 supersymmetry, in terms of local coordinates associated with an abelianized theory. In a fixed complex structure, the holomorphic functions on the Coulomb branch are given by expectation values of chiral monopole operators. We construct the chiral ring of such operators, using equivariant integration over BPS moduli spaces. We also quantize the chiral ring, which corresponds to placing the 3d theory in a 2d Omega background. Then, by unifying all complex structures in a twistor space, we encode the full hyperkähler metric on the Coulomb branch. We verify our proposals in a multitude of examples, including SQCD and linear quiver gauge theories, whose Coulomb branches have alternative descriptions as solutions to Bogomolnyi and/or Nahm equations.

Heavy-lifting of gauge theories by cosmic inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Soubhik; Sundrum, Raman

2018-05-01

Future measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity can reveal cosmologically produced particles with masses of order the inflationary Hubble scale and their interactions with the inflaton, giving us crucial insights into the structure of fundamental physics at extremely high energies. We study gauge-Higgs theories that may be accessible in this regime, carefully imposing the constraints of gauge symmetry and its (partial) Higgsing. We distinguish two types of Higgs mechanisms: (i) a standard one in which the Higgs scale is constant before and after inflation, where the particles observable in non-Gaussianities are far heavier than can be accessed by laboratory experiments, perhaps associated with gauge unification, and (ii) a "heavy-lifting" mechanism in which couplings to curvature can result in Higgs scales of order the Hubble scale during inflation while reducing to far lower scales in the current era, where they may now be accessible to collider and other laboratory experiments. In the heavy-lifting option, renormalization-group running of terrestrial measurements yield predictions for cosmological non-Gaussianities. If the heavy-lifted gauge theory suffers a hierarchy problem, such as does the Standard Model, confirming such predictions would demonstrate a striking violation of the Naturalness Principle. While observing gauge-Higgs sectors in non-Gaussianities will be challenging given the constraints of cosmic variance, we show that it may be possible with reasonable precision given favorable couplings to the inflationary dynamics.

Is scale-invariance in gauge-Yukawa systems compatible with the graviton?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christiansen, Nicolai; Eichhorn, Astrid; Held, Aaron

2017-10-01

We explore whether perturbative interacting fixed points in matter systems can persist under the impact of quantum gravity. We first focus on semisimple gauge theories and show that the leading order gravity contribution evaluated within the functional Renormalization Group framework preserves the perturbative fixed-point structure in these models discovered in [J. K. Esbensen, T. A. Ryttov, and F. Sannino, Phys. Rev. D 93, 045009 (2016)., 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.045009]. We highlight that the quantum-gravity contribution alters the scaling dimension of the gauge coupling, such that the system exhibits an effective dimensional reduction. We secondly explore the effect of metric fluctuations on asymptotically safe gauge-Yukawa systems which feature an asymptotically safe fixed point [D. F. Litim and F. Sannino, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2014) 178., 10.1007/JHEP12(2014)178]. The same effective dimensional reduction that takes effect in pure gauge theories also impacts gauge-Yukawa systems. There, it appears to lead to a split of the degenerate free fixed point into an interacting infrared attractive fixed point and a partially ultraviolet attractive free fixed point. The quantum-gravity induced infrared fixed point moves towards the asymptotically safe fixed point of the matter system, and annihilates it at a critical value of the gravity coupling. Even after that fixed-point annihilation, graviton effects leave behind new partially interacting fixed points for the matter sector.

Yangians in Integrable Field Theories, Spin Chains and Gauge-String Dualities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spill, Fabian

In the following paper, which is based on the author's PhD thesis submitted to Imperial College London, we explore the applicability of Yangian symmetry to various integrable models, in particular, in relation with S-matrices. One of the main themes in this work is that, after a careful study of the mathematics of the symmetry algebras one finds that in an integrable model, one can directly reconstruct S-matrices just from the algebra. It has been known for a long time that S-matrices in integrable models are fixed by symmetry. However, Lie algebra symmetry, the Yang-Baxter equation, crossing and unitarity, which constrain the S-matrix in integrable models, are often taken to be separate, independent properties of the S-matrix. Here, we construct scattering matrices purely from the Yangian, showing that the Yangian is the right algebraic object to unify all required symmetries of many integrable models. In particular, we reconstruct the S-matrix of the principal chiral field, and, up to a CDD factor, of other integrable field theories with 𝔰𝔲(n) symmetry. Furthermore, we study the AdS/CFT correspondence, which is also believed to be integrable in the planar limit. We reconstruct the S-matrices at weak and at strong coupling from the Yangian or its classical limit. We give a pedagogical introduction into the subject, presenting a unified perspective of Yangians and their applications in physics. This paper should hence be accessible to mathematicians who would like to explore the application of algebraic objects to physics as well as to physicists interested in a deeper understanding of the mathematical origin of physical quantities.

Neutrino assisted GUT baryogenesis revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wei-Chih; Päs, Heinrich; Zeißner, Sinan

2018-03-01

Many grand unified theory (GUT) models conserve the difference between the baryon and lepton number, B -L . These models can create baryon and lepton asymmetries from heavy Higgs or gauge boson decays with B +L ≠0 but with B -L =0 . Since the sphaleron processes violate B +L , such GUT-generated asymmetries will finally be washed out completely, making GUT baryogenesis scenarios incapable of reproducing the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this work, we revisit the idea to revive GUT baryogenesis, proposed by Fukugita and Yanagida, where right-handed neutrinos erase the lepton asymmetry before the sphaleron processes can significantly wash out the original B +L asymmetry, and in this way one can prevent a total washout of the initial baryon asymmetry. By solving the Boltzmann equations numerically for baryon and lepton asymmetries in a simplified 1 +1 flavor scenario, we can confirm the results of the original work. We further generalize the analysis to a more realistic scenario of three active and two right-handed neutrinos to highlight flavor effects of the right-handed neutrinos. Large regions in the parameter space of the Yukawa coupling and the right-handed neutrino mass featuring successful baryogenesis are identified.

Coupled hydro-meteorological modelling on a HPC platform for high-resolution extreme weather impact study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Dehua; Echendu, Shirley; Xuan, Yunqing; Webster, Mike; Cluckie, Ian

2016-11-01

Impact-focused studies of extreme weather require coupling of accurate simulations of weather and climate systems and impact-measuring hydrological models which themselves demand larger computer resources. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of a high-performance computing (HPC)-based hydrological modelling approach, which is aimed at utilizing and maximizing HPC power resources, to support the study on extreme weather impact due to climate change. Here, four case studies are presented through implementation on the HPC Wales platform of the UK mesoscale meteorological Unified Model (UM) with high-resolution simulation suite UKV, alongside a Linux-based hydrological model, Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE). The results of this study suggest that the coupled hydro-meteorological model was still able to capture the major flood peaks, compared with the conventional gauge- or radar-driving forecast, but with the added value of much extended forecast lead time. The high-resolution rainfall estimation produced by the UKV performs similarly to that of radar rainfall products in the first 2-3 days of tested flood events, but the uncertainties particularly increased as the forecast horizon goes beyond 3 days. This study takes a step forward to identify how the online mode approach can be used, where both numerical weather prediction and the hydrological model are executed, either simultaneously or on the same hardware infrastructures, so that more effective interaction and communication can be achieved and maintained between the models. But the concluding comments are that running the entire system on a reasonably powerful HPC platform does not yet allow for real-time simulations, even without the most complex and demanding data simulation part.

Unified multiphase modeling for evolving, acoustically coupled systems consisting of acoustic, elastic, poroelastic media and septa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Joong Seok; Kang, Yeon June; Kim, Yoon Young

2012-12-01

This paper presents a new modeling technique that can represent acoustically coupled systems in a unified manner. The proposed unified multiphase (UMP) modeling technique uses Biot's equations that are originally derived for poroelastic media to represent not only poroelastic media but also non-poroelastic ones ranging from acoustic and elastic media to septa. To recover the original vibro-acoustic behaviors of non-poroelastic media, material parameters of a base poroelastic medium are adjusted depending on the target media. The real virtue of this UMP technique is that interface coupling conditions between any media can be automatically satisfied, so no medium-dependent interface condition needs to be imposed explicitly. Thereby, the proposed technique can effectively model any acoustically coupled system having locally varying medium phases and evolving interfaces. A typical situation can occur in an iterative design process. Because the proposed UMP modeling technique needs theoretical justifications for further development, this work is mainly focused on how the technique recovers the governing equations of non-poroelastic media and expresses their interface conditions. We also address how to describe various boundary conditions of the media in the technique. Some numerical studies are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed modeling technique.

Entanglement on linked boundaries in Chern-Simons theory with generic gauge groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dwivedi, Siddharth; Singh, Vivek Kumar; Dhara, Saswati; Ramadevi, P.; Zhou, Yang; Joshi, Lata Kh

2018-02-01

We study the entanglement for a state on linked torus boundaries in 3 d Chern-Simons theory with a generic gauge group and present the asymptotic bounds of Rényi entropy at two different limits: (i) large Chern-Simons coupling k, and (ii) large rank r of the gauge group. These results show that the Rényi entropies cannot diverge faster than ln k and ln r, respectively. We focus on torus links T (2 , 2 n) with topological linking number n. The Rényi entropy for these links shows a periodic structure in n and vanishes whenever n = 0 (mod p), where the integer p is a function of coupling k and rank r. We highlight that the refined Chern-Simons link invariants can remove such a periodic structure in n.

Phenomenology of the SU(3)_c⊗ SU(3)_L⊗ U(1)_X model with right-handed neutrinos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutiérrez, D. A.; Ponce, W. A.; Sánchez, L. A.

2006-05-01

A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3)_c⊗ SU(3)_L⊗ U(1)_X with right-handed neutrinos is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we introduce an alternative set of four Higgs scalar triplets, which combined with an anomaly-free discrete symmetry, produces a quark mass spectrum without hierarchies in the Yukawa coupling constants. We also embed the structure into a simple gauge group and show some conditions for achieving a low energy gauge coupling unification, avoiding possible conflict with proton decay bounds. By using experimental results from the CERN-LEP, SLAC linear collider, and atomic parity violation data, we update constraints on several parameters of the model.

Phenomenology of the SU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X model with exotic charged leptons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salazar, Juan C.; Ponce, William A.; Gutiérrez, Diego A.

2007-04-01

A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X with exotic charged leptons, is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we introduce an alternative set of four Higgs scalar triplets, which combined with an anomaly-free discrete symmetry, produce quark and charged lepton mass spectrum without hierarchies in the Yukawa coupling constants. We also embed the structure into a simple gauge group and show some conditions to achieve a low energy gauge coupling unification, avoiding possible conflict with proton decay bounds. By using experimental results from the CERN-LEP, SLAC linear collider, and atomic parity violation data, we update constraints on several parameters of the model.

Local existence of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory in four Dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akbar, Fiki T.; Gunara, Bobby E.; Zen, Freddy P.

2015-04-16

In this paper, we shall prove the local existence of N=1 supersymmetry gauge theory in 4 dimension. We start from the Lagrangian for coupling chiral and vector multiplets with constant gauge kinetic function and only considering a bosonic part by setting all fermionic field to be zero at level equation of motion. We consider a U(n) model as isometry for scalar field internal geometry. And we use a nonlinear semigroup method to prove the local existence.

Poincaré gauge gravity: An emergent scenario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chkareuli, J. L.

2017-04-01

The Poincaré gauge gravity (PGG) with the underlying vector fields of tetrads and spin-connections is perhaps the best theory candidate for gravitation to be unified with the other three elementary forces of nature. There is a clear analogy between the local frame in PGG and the local internal symmetry space in the Standard Model. As a result, the spin-connection fields, gauging the local frame Lorentz symmetry group S O (1 ,3 )LF , appear in PGG much as photons and gluons appear in SM. We propose that such an analogy may follow from their common emergent nature allowing us to derive PGG in the same way as conventional gauge theories. In essence, we start with an arbitrary theory of some vector and fermion fields which possesses only global spacetime symmetries, such as Lorentz and translational invariance, in flat Minkowski space. The two vector field multiplets involved are proposed to belong, respectively, to the adjoint (Aμi j) and vector (eμi) representations of the starting global Lorentz symmetry. We show that if these prototype vector fields are covariantly constrained, Aμi jAij μ=±MA2 and eμieiμ=±Me2 , thus causing a spontaneous violation of the accompanying global symmetries (MA ,e are their proposed violation scales), then the only possible theory compatible with these length-preserving constraints is turned out to be the gauge invariant PGG, while the corresponding massless (pseudo)Goldstone modes are naturally collected in the emergent gauge fields of tetrads and spin-connections. In a minimal theory case being linear in a curvature we unavoidably come to the Einstein-Cartan theory. The extended theories with propagating spin-connection and tetrad modes are also considered and their possible unification with the Standard Model is briefly discussed.

GUT and flavor models for neutrino masses and mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meloni, Davide

2017-10-01

In the recent years experiments have established the existence of neutrino oscillations and most of the oscillation parameters have been measured with a good accuracy. However, in spite of many interesting ideas, no real illumination was sparked on the problem of flavor in the lepton sector. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of models for neutrino masses and mixings formulated in the context of flavor symmetries, with particular emphasis on the role played by grand unified gauge groups.

Minimalism in inflation model building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dvali, Gia; Riotto, Antonio

1998-01-01

In this paper we demand that a successful inflationary scenario should follow from a model entirely motivated by particle physics considerations. We show that such a connection is indeed possible within the framework of concrete supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories where the doublet-triplet splitting problem is naturally solved. The Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term of a gauge U(1)ξ symmetry, which plays a crucial role in the solution of the doublet-triplet splitting problem, simultaneously provides a built-in inflationary slope protected from dangerous supergravity corrections.

Unified models of the QCD axion and supersymmetry breaking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harigaya, Keisuke; Leedom, Jacob M.

2017-08-01

Similarities between the gauge meditation of supersymmetry breaking and the QCD axion model suggest that they originate from the same dynamics. We present a class of models where supersymmetry and the Peccei-Quinn symmetry are simultaneously broken. The messengers that mediate the effects of these symmetry breakings to the Standard Model are identical. Since the axion resides in the supersymmetry breaking sector, the saxion and the axino are heavy. We show constraints on the axion decay constant and the gravitino mass.

Baryon and lepton number violating effective operators in a non-universal extension of the standard model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fuentes-Martín, J.

2016-01-22

It is well known that non-abelian Yang-Mills theories present non-trivial minima of the action, the so-called instantons. In the context of electroweak theories these instanton solutions may induce violations of baryon and lepton number of the form ΔB = ΔL = n{sub f}, with n{sub f} being the number of families coupled to the gauge group. An interesting feature of these violations is that the flavor structure of the gauge couplings is inherited by the instanton transitions. This effect is generally neglected in the literature. We will show that the inclusion of flavor interactions in the instanton solutions may bemore » interesting in certain theoretical frameworks and will provide an approach to include these effects. In particular we will perform this implementation in the non-universal SU (2){sub l} ⊗SU (2){sub h} ⊗U (1){sub Y} model that singularizes the third family. Within this framework, we will use the instanton transitions to set a bound on the SU (2){sub h} gauge coupling.« less

A solution to coupled Dyson{endash}Schwinger equations for gluons and ghosts in Landau gauge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

von Smekal, L.; Hauck, A.; Alkofer, R.

1998-07-01

A truncation scheme for the Dyson{endash}Schwinger equations of QCD in Landau gauge is presented which implements the Slavnov{endash}Taylor identities for the 3-point vertex functions. Neglecting contributions from 4-point correlations such as the 4-gluon vertex function and irreducible scattering kernels, a closed system of equations for the propagators is obtained. For the pure gauge theory without quarks this system of equations for the propagators of gluons and ghosts is solved in an approximation which allows for an analytic discussion of its solutions in the infrared: The gluon propagator is shown to vanish for small spacelike momenta whereas the ghost propagator ismore » found to be infrared enhanced. The running coupling of the non-perturbative subtraction scheme approaches an infrared stable fixed point at a critical value of the coupling, {alpha}{sub c}{approx_equal}9.5. The gluon propagator is shown to have no Lehmann representation. The results for the propagators obtained here compare favorably with recent lattice calculations. {copyright} 1998 Academic Press, Inc.« less

Infrared modification of gravity from conformal symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gegenberg, Jack; Rahmati, Shohreh; Seahra, Sanjeev S.

2016-03-01

We reconsider a gauge theory of gravity in which the gauge group is the conformal group SO(4,2), and the action is of the Yang-Mills form, quadratic in the curvature. The resulting gravitational theory exhibits local conformal symmetry and reduces to Weyl-squared gravity under certain conditions. When the theory is linearized about flat spacetime, we find that matter which couples to the generators of special conformal transformations reproduces Newton's inverse square law. Conversely, matter which couples to generators of translations induces a constant and possibly repulsive force far from the source, which may be relevant for explaining the late-time acceleration of the Universe. The coupling constant of the theory is dimensionless, which means that it is potentially renormalizable.

On asymptotic freedom and confinement from type-IIB supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kehagias, A.; Sfetsos, K.

1999-06-01

We present a new type-IIB supergravity vacuum that describes the strong coupling regime of a non-supersymmetric gauge theory. The latter has a running coupling such that the theory becomes asymptotically free in the ultraviolet. It also has a running theta angle due to a non-vanishing axion field in the supergravity solution. We also present a worm-hole solution, which has finite action per unit four-dimensional volume and two asymptotic regions, a flat space and an AdS5xS5. The corresponding N=2 gauge theory, instead of being finite, has a running coupling. We compute the quark-antiquark potential in this case and find that it exhibits, under certain assumptions, an area-law behaviour for large separations.

Extra-dimensional models on the lattice

DOE PAGES

Knechtli, Francesco; Rinaldi, Enrico

2016-08-05

In this paper we summarize the ongoing effort to study extra-dimensional gauge theories with lattice simulations. In these models the Higgs field is identified with extra-dimensional components of the gauge field. The Higgs potential is generated by quantum corrections and is protected from divergences by the higher dimensional gauge symmetry. Dimensional reduction to four dimensions can occur through compactification or localization. Gauge-Higgs unification models are often studied using perturbation theory. Numerical lattice simulations are used to go beyond these perturbative expectations and to include nonperturbative effects. We describe the known perturbative predictions and their fate in the strongly-coupled regime formore » various extra-dimensional models.« less

A simple example of a classical gauge transformation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitten, R. C.

1983-01-01

Attention is given to the manner in which the interaction of a gravitational field with a diffusing gas is induced by a gauge transformation. Since the gas can be thought of as a field, the diffusion process may be represented by a Lagrangian density with the symmetry property of invariance under translation. While this property is lost when the field interacts with a static gravitational field, it is formally restored when an appropriate gauge transformation is performed. This ascription of field properties to a gas offers an illuminating illustration of the coupling of matter to a gauge field within the context of classical mechanics.

Gauged Q-balls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Kimyeong; Stein-Schabes, Jaime A.; Watkins, Richard; Widrow, Lawrence M.

1988-01-01

Classical non-topological soliton configurations are considered within the theory of a complex scalar field with a gauged U symmetry. Their existence and stability against dispersion are demonstrated and some of their properties are investigated analytically and numerically. The soliton configuration is such that inside the soliton the local U symmetry is broken, the gauge field becomes massive and for a range of values of the coupling constants the soliton becomes a superconductor pushing the charge to the surface. Furthermore, because of the repulsive Coulomb force, there is a maximum size for these objects, making impossible the existence of Q-matter in bulk form. Also briefly discussed are solitons with fermions in a U gauge theory.

Unifying quantum heat transfer in a nonequilibrium spin-boson model with full counting statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chen; Ren, Jie; Cao, Jianshu

2017-02-01

To study the full counting statistics of quantum heat transfer in a driven nonequilibrium spin-boson model, we develop a generalized nonequilibrium polaron-transformed Redfield equation with an auxiliary counting field. This enables us to study the impact of qubit-bath coupling ranging from weak to strong regimes. Without external modulations, we observe maximal values of both steady-state heat flux and noise power in moderate coupling regimes, below which we find that these two transport quantities are enhanced by the finite-qubit-energy bias. With external modulations, the geometric-phase-induced heat flux shows a monotonic decrease upon increasing the qubit-bath coupling at zero qubit energy bias (without bias). While under the finite-qubit-energy bias (with bias), the geometric-phase-induced heat flux exhibits an interesting reversal behavior in the strong coupling regime. Our results unify the seemingly contradictory results in weak and strong qubit-bath coupling regimes and provide detailed dissections for the quantum fluctuation of nonequilibrium heat transfer.

Quantification of causal couplings via dynamical effects: A unifying perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smirnov, Dmitry A.

2014-12-01

Quantitative characterization of causal couplings from time series is crucial in studies of complex systems of different origin. Various statistical tools for that exist and new ones are still being developed with a tendency to creating a single, universal, model-free quantifier of coupling strength. However, a clear and generally applicable way of interpreting such universal characteristics is lacking. This work suggests a general conceptual framework for causal coupling quantification, which is based on state space models and extends the concepts of virtual interventions and dynamical causal effects. Namely, two basic kinds of interventions (state space and parametric) and effects (orbital or transient and stationary or limit) are introduced, giving four families of coupling characteristics. The framework provides a unifying view of apparently different well-established measures and allows us to introduce new characteristics, always with a definite "intervention-effect" interpretation. It is shown that diverse characteristics cannot be reduced to any single coupling strength quantifier and their interpretation is inevitably model based. The proposed set of dynamical causal effect measures quantifies different aspects of "how the coupling manifests itself in the dynamics," reformulating the very question about the "causal coupling strength."

An asymptotic safety scenario for gauged chiral Higgs-Yukawa models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gies, Holger; Rechenberger, Stefan; Scherer, Michael M.; Zambelli, Luca

2013-12-01

We investigate chiral Higgs-Yukawa models with a non-abelian gauged left-handed sector reminiscent to a sub-sector of the standard model. We discover a new weak-coupling fixed-point behavior that allows for ultraviolet complete RG trajectories which can be connected with a conventional long-range infrared behavior in the Higgs phase. This non-trivial ultraviolet behavior is characterized by asymptotic freedom in all interaction couplings, but a quasi conformal behavior in all mass-like parameters. The stable microscopic scalar potential asymptotically approaches flatness in the ultraviolet, however, with a non-vanishing minimum increasing inversely proportional to the asymptotically free gauge coupling. This gives rise to non-perturbative—though weak-coupling—threshold effects which induce ultraviolet stability along a line of fixed points. Despite the weak-coupling properties, the system exhibits non-Gaußian features which are distinctly different from its standard perturbative counterpart: e.g., on a branch of the line of fixed points, we find linear instead of quadratically running renormalization constants. Whereas the Fermi constant and the top mass are naturally of the same order of magnitude, our model generically allows for light Higgs boson masses. Realistic mass ratios are related to particular RG trajectories with a "walking" mid-momentum regime.

Vector-like quarks and leptons, SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) grand unification, and proton decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Chang-Hun; Mohapatra, Rabindra N.

2017-02-01

SU(5) ⊗ SU(5) provides a minimal grand unification scheme for fermions and gauge forces if there are vector-like quarks and leptons in nature. We explore the gauge coupling unification in a non-supersymmetric model of this type, and study its implications for proton decay. The properties of vector-like quarks and intermediate scales that emerge from coupling unification play a central role in suppressing proton decay. We find that in this model, the familiar decay mode p → e +π0 may have a partial lifetime within the reach of currently planned experiments.

Global Constraints on Anomalous Triple Gauge Couplings in the Effective Field Theory Approach.

PubMed

Falkowski, Adam; González-Alonso, Martín; Greljo, Admir; Marzocca, David

2016-01-08

We present a combined analysis of LHC Higgs data (signal strengths) together with LEP-2 WW production measurements. To characterize possible deviations from the standard model (SM) predictions, we employ the framework of an effective field theory (EFT) where the SM is extended by higher-dimensional operators suppressed by the mass scale of new physics Λ. The analysis is performed consistently at the order Λ(-2) in the EFT expansion keeping all the relevant operators. While the two data sets suffer from flat directions, together they impose stringent model-independent constraints on the anomalous triple gauge couplings.

Quark-antiquark potential in defect conformal field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preti, Michelangelo; Trancanelli, Diego; Vescovi, Edoardo

2017-10-01

We consider antiparallel Wilson lines in N = 4 super Yang-Mills in the presence of a codimension-1 defect. We compute the Wilson lines' expectation value both at weak coupling, in the gauge theory, and at strong coupling, by finding the string configurations which are dual to this operator. These configurations display a Gross-Ooguri transition between a connected, U-shaped string phase and a phase in which the string breaks into two disconnected surfaces. We analyze in detail the critical configurations separating the two phases and compare the string result with the gauge theory one in a certain double scaling limit.

Minimal non-abelian supersymmetric Twin Higgs

DOE PAGES

Badziak, Marcin; Harigaya, Keisuke

2017-10-17

We propose a minimal supersymmetric Twin Higgs model that can accommodate tuning of the electroweak scale for heavy stops better than 10% with high mediation scales of supersymmetry breaking. A crucial ingredient of this model is a new SU(2) X gauge symmetry which provides a D-term potential that generates a large SU(4) invariant coupling for the Higgs sector and only small set of particles charged under SU(2) X , which allows the model to be perturbative around the Planck scale. The new gauge interaction drives the top yukawa coupling small at higher energy scales, which also reduces the tuning.

Blockspin renormalization-group study of color confinement due to violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Tsuneo

2018-02-01

Blockspin transformation of topological defects is applied to the violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identity (VNABI) on lattice defined as Abelian monopoles. To get rid of lattice artifacts, we introduce (1) smooth gauge fixings such as the maximal center gauge (MCG), (2) blockspin transformations and (3) the tadpole-improved gauge action. The effective action can be determined by adopting the inverse Monte Carlo method. The coupling constants F (i ) of the effective action depend on the coupling of the lattice action β and the number of the blocking step n . But it is found that F (i ) satisfies a beautiful scaling; that is, they are a function of the product b =n a (β ) alone for lattice coupling constants 3.0 ≤β ≤3.9 and the steps of blocking 1 ≤n ≤12 . The effective action showing the scaling behavior can be regarded as an almost perfect action corresponding to the continuum limit, since a →0 as n →∞ for fixed b . The infrared effective monopole action keeps the global color invariance when smooth gauges such as MCG keeping the invariance are adopted. The almost perfect action showing the scaling is found to be independent of the smooth gauges adopted here as naturally expected from the gauge invariance of the continuum theory. Then we compare the results with those obtained by the analytic blocking method of topological defects from the continuum, assuming local two-point interactions are dominant as the infrared effective action. The action is formulated in the continuum limit while the couplings of these actions can be derived from simple observables calculated numerically on lattices with a finite lattice spacing. When use is made of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transformation, the infrared monopole action can be transformed into that of the string model. Since large b =n a (β ) corresponds to the strong-coupling region in the string model, the physical string tension and the lowest glueball mass can be evaluated analytically with the use of the strong-coupling expansion of the string model. The almost perfect action gives us √{σ }≃1.3 √{σphys } for b ≥1.0 (σphys-1 /2) , whereas the scalar glueball mass is kept to be near M (0++)˜3.7 √{σphys } . In addition, using the effective action composed of 10 simple quadratic interactions alone, we can almost explain analytically the scaling function of the squared monopole density determined numerically for a large b region when b >1.2 (σphys-1 /2).

Unified theory of nonlinear electrodynamics and gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Torres-Gomez, Alexander; Krasnov, Kirill; Scarinci, Carlos

2011-01-15

We describe a class of unified theories of electromagnetism and gravity. The Lagrangian is of the BF type, with a potential for the B field, the gauge group is U(2) (complexified). Given a choice of the potential function the theory is a deformation of (complex) general relativity and electromagnetism, and describes just two propagating polarizations of the graviton and two of the photon. When gravity is switched off the theory becomes the usual nonlinear electrodynamics with a general structure function. The Einstein-Maxwell theory can be recovered by sending some of the parameters of the defining potential to zero, but formore » any generic choice of the potential the theory is indistinguishable from Einstein-Maxwell at low energies. A real theory is obtained by imposing suitable reality conditions. We also study the spherically-symmetric solution and show how the usual Reissner-Nordstrom solution is recovered.« less

Electrically tunable artificial gauge potential for polaritons

PubMed Central

Lim, Hyang-Tag; Togan, Emre; Kroner, Martin; Miguel-Sanchez, Javier; Imamoğlu, Atac

2017-01-01

Neutral particles subject to artificial gauge potentials can behave as charged particles in magnetic fields. This fascinating premise has led to demonstrations of one-way waveguides, topologically protected edge states and Landau levels for photons. In ultracold neutral atoms, effective gauge fields have allowed the emulation of matter under strong magnetic fields leading to realization of Harper-Hofstadter and Haldane models. Here we show that application of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields effects a tunable artificial gauge potential for two-dimensional microcavity exciton polaritons. For verification, we perform interferometric measurements of the associated phase accumulated during coherent polariton transport. Since the gauge potential originates from the magnetoelectric Stark effect, it can be realized for photons strongly coupled to excitations in any polarizable medium. Together with strong polariton–polariton interactions and engineered polariton lattices, artificial gauge fields could play a key role in investigation of non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated photons. PMID:28230047

Unification of force and substance.

PubMed

Wilczek, Frank

2016-08-28

Maxwell's mature presentation of his equations emphasized the unity of electromagnetism and mechanics, subsuming both as 'dynamical systems'. That intuition of unity has proved both fruitful, as a source of pregnant concepts, and broadly inspiring. A deep aspect of Maxwell's work is its use of redundant potentials, and the associated requirement of gauge symmetry. Those concepts have become central to our present understanding of fundamental physics, but they can appear to be rather formal and esoteric. Here I discuss two things: the physical significance of gauge invariance, in broad terms; and some tantalizing prospects for further unification, building on that concept, that are visible on the horizon today. If those prospects are realized, Maxwell's vision of the unity of field and substance will be brought to a new level.This article is part of the themed issue 'Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations'. © 2016 The Author(s).

The Coulomb Branch of 3d $${\\mathcal{N}= 4}$$ N = 4 Theories

DOE PAGES

Bullimore, Mathew; Dimofte, Tudor; Gaiotto, Davide

2017-06-03

We propose a construction for the quantum-corrected Coulomb branch of a general 3d gauge theory with N=4 supersymmetry, in terms of local coordinates associated with an abelianized theory. In a fixed complex structure, the holomorphic functions on the Coulomb branch are given by expectation values of chiral monopole operators. We construct the chiral ring of such operators, using equivariant integration over BPS moduli spaces. We also quantize the chiral ring, which corresponds to placing the 3d theory in a 2d Omega background. Then, by unifying all complex structures in a twistor space, we encode the full hyperkähler metric on themore » Coulomb branch. We verify our proposals in a multitude of examples, including SQCD and linear quiver gauge theories, whose Coulomb branches have alternative descriptions as solutions to Bogomolnyi and/or Nahm equations.« less

Investigating equality: The Rényi spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eliazar, Iddo

2017-09-01

An equality index is a score quantifying the socioeconomic egalitarianism of the distribution of wealth in human societies; the score takes values in the unit interval, with the unit upper bound characterizing purely communist societies. In this paper we explore the Rényi spectrum, a continuum of equality indices that: (i) is based on the moments of the societies' distributions of wealth; (ii) unifies various measures of socioeconomic inequality, including the Theil and Atkinson indices; (iii) displays a collection of amicable analytic properties; (iv) admits multiple Rényi-divergence representations; and (v) provides a high-resolution gauging of egalitarianism that is way beyond what can be offered by the common-practice measures of socioeconomic inequality, the Gini and Pietra indices. At large, the Rényi spectrum is applicable in the context of any distribution of non-negative sizes with a positive mean-yielding a high-resolution gauging of the distribution's inherent statistical heterogeneity.

Gauge Physics of Spin Hall Effect

PubMed Central

Tan, Seng Ghee; Jalil, Mansoor B. A.; Ho, Cong Son; Siu, Zhuobin; Murakami, Shuichi

2015-01-01

Spin Hall effect (SHE) has been discussed in the context of Kubo formulation, geometric physics, spin orbit force, and numerous semi-classical treatments. It can be confusing if the different pictures have partial or overlapping claims of contribution to the SHE. In this article, we present a gauge-theoretic, time-momentum elucidation, which provides a general SHE equation of motion, that unifies under one theoretical framework, all contributions of SHE conductivity due to the kinetic, the spin orbit force (Yang-Mills), and the geometric (Murakami-Fujita) effects. Our work puts right an ambiguity surrounding previously partial treatments involving the Kubo, semiclassical, Berry curvatures, or the spin orbit force. Our full treatment shows the Rashba 2DEG SHE conductivity to be instead of −, and Rashba heavy hole instead of −. This renewed treatment suggests a need to re-derive and re-calculate previously studied SHE conductivity. PMID:26689260

The priority of internal symmetries in particle physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kantorovich, Aharon

2003-12-01

In this paper, I try to decipher the role of internal symmetries in the ontological maze of particle physics. The relationship between internal symmetries and laws of nature is discussed within the framework of ;Platonic realism.; The notion of physical ;structure; is introduced as representing a deeper ontological layer behind the observable world. I argue that an internal symmetry is a structure encompassing laws of nature. The application of internal symmetry groups to particle physics came about in two revolutionary steps. The first was the introduction of the internal symmetries of hadrons in the early 1960s. These global and approximate symmetries served as means of bypassing the dynamics. I argue that the realist could interpret these symmetries as ontologically prior to the hadrons. The second step was the gauge revolution in the 1970s, where symmetries became local and exact and were integrated with the dynamics. I argue that the symmetries of the second generation are fundamental in the following two respects: (1) According to the so-called ;gauge argument,; gauge symmetry dictates the existence of gauge bosons, which determine the nature of the forces. This view, which has been recently criticized by some philosophers, is widely accepted in particle physics at least as a heuristic principle. (2) In view of grand unified theories, the new symmetries can be interpreted as ontologically prior to baryon matter.

Multiboson interactions at the LHC

DOE PAGES

Green, D. R.; Meade, P.; Pleier, M. -A.

2017-09-20

This paper covers results on the production of all possible electroweak boson pairs and 2-to-1 vector boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV. The data were taken between 2010 and 2012. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings (aTGCs) then follow. In addition, data on electroweak triple gauge boson production and 2-to-2 vector boson scattering yield limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings (aQGCs). The LHC hosts two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, which have both reported limits on aTGCs and aQGCs which aremore » herein summarized. Finally, the interpretation of these limits in terms of an effective field theory is reviewed, and recommendations are made for testing other types of new physics using multigauge boson production.« less

Hydrodynamics of strongly coupled non-conformal fluids from gauge/gravity duality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Springer, Todd

2009-08-01

The subject of relativistic hydrodynamics is explored using the tools of gauge/gravity duality. A brief literature review of AdS/CFT and gauge/gravity duality is presented first. This is followed by a pedagogical introduction to the use of these methods in determining hydrodynamic dispersion relations, w(q), of perturbations in a strongly coupled fluid. Shear and sound mode perturbations are examined in a special class of gravity duals: those where the matter supporting the metric is scalar in nature. Analytical solutions (to order q^4 and q^3 respectively) for the shear and sound mode dispersion relations are presented for a subset of these backgrounds. The work presented here is based on previous publications by the same author, though some previously unpublished results are also included. In particular, the subleading term in the shear mode dispersion relation is analyzed using the AdS/CFT correspondence without any reference to the black hole membrane paradigm.

Local gauge symmetry on optical lattices?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Yuzhi; Meurice, Yannick; Tsai, Shan-Wen

2012-11-01

The versatile technology of cold atoms confined in optical lattices allows the creation of a vast number of lattice geometries and interactions, providing a promising platform for emulating various lattice models. This opens the possibility of letting nature take care of sign problems and real time evolution in carefully prepared situations. Up to now, experimentalists have succeeded to implement several types of Hubbard models considered by condensed matter theorists. In this proceeding, we discuss the possibility of extending this effort to lattice gauge theory. We report recent efforts to establish the strong coupling equivalence between the Fermi Hubbard model andmore » SU(2) pure gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions by standard determinantal methods developed by Robert Sugar and collaborators. We discuss the possibility of using dipolar molecules and external fields to build models where the equivalence holds beyond the leading order in the strong coupling expansion.« less

Tensor renormalization group methods for spin and gauge models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Haiyuan

The analysis of the error of perturbative series by comparing it to the exact solution is an important tool to understand the non-perturbative physics of statistical models. For some toy models, a new method can be used to calculate higher order weak coupling expansion and modified perturbation theory can be constructed. However, it is nontrivial to generalize the new method to understand the critical behavior of high dimensional spin and gauge models. Actually, it is a big challenge in both high energy physics and condensed matter physics to develop accurate and efficient numerical algorithms to solve these problems. In this thesis, one systematic way named tensor renormalization group method is discussed. The applications of the method to several spin and gauge models on a lattice are investigated. theoretically, the new method allows one to write an exact representation of the partition function of models with local interactions. E.g. O(N) models, Z2 gauge models and U(1) gauge models. Practically, by using controllable approximations, results in both finite volume and the thermodynamic limit can be obtained. Another advantage of the new method is that it is insensitive to sign problems for models with complex coupling and chemical potential. Through the new approach, the Fisher's zeros of the 2D O(2) model in the complex coupling plane can be calculated and the finite size scaling of the results agrees well with the Kosterlitz-Thouless assumption. Applying the method to the O(2) model with a chemical potential, new phase diagram of the models can be obtained. The structure of the tensor language may provide a new tool to understand phase transition properties in general.

Canonical field anticommutators in the extended gauged Rarita-Schwinger theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adler, Stephen L.; Henneaux, Marc; Pais, Pablo

2017-10-01

We reexamine canonical quantization of the gauged Rarita-Schwinger theory using the extended theory, incorporating a dimension 1/2 auxiliary spin-1/2 field Λ , in which there is an exact off-shell gauge invariance. In Λ =0 gauge, which reduces to the original unextended theory, our results agree with those found by Johnson and Sudarshan, and later verified by Velo and Zwanziger, which give a canonical Rarita-Schwinger field Dirac bracket that is singular for small gauge fields. In gauge covariant radiation gauge, the Dirac bracket of the Rarita-Schwinger fields is nonsingular, but does not correspond to a positive semidefinite anticommutator, and the Dirac bracket of the auxiliary fields has a singularity of the same form as found in the unextended theory. These results indicate that gauged Rarita-Schwinger theory is somewhat pathological, and cannot be canonically quantized within a conventional positive semidefinite metric Hilbert space. We leave open the questions of whether consistent quantizations can be achieved by using an indefinite metric Hilbert space, by path integral methods, or by appropriate couplings to conventional dimension 3/2 spin-1/2 fields.

Photoionization and Recombination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nahar, Sultana N.

2000-01-01

Theoretically self-consistent calculations for photoionization and (e + ion) recombination are described. The same eigenfunction expansion for the ion is employed in coupled channel calculations for both processes, thus ensuring consistency between cross sections and rates. The theoretical treatment of (e + ion) recombination subsumes both the non-resonant recombination ("radiative recombination"), and the resonant recombination ("di-electronic recombination") processes in a unified scheme. In addition to the total, unified recombination rates, level-specific recombination rates and photoionization cross sections are obtained for a large number of atomic levels. Both relativistic Breit-Pauli, and non-relativistic LS coupling, calculations are carried out in the close coupling approximation using the R-matrix method. Although the calculations are computationally intensive, they yield nearly all photoionization and recombination parameters needed for astrophysical photoionization models with higher precision than hitherto possible, estimated at about 10-20% from comparison with experimentally available data (including experimentally derived DR rates). Results are electronically available for over 40 atoms and ions. Photoionization and recombination of He-, and Li-like C and Fe are described for X-ray modeling. The unified method yields total and complete (e+ion) recombination rate coefficients, that can not otherwise be obtained theoretically or experimentally.

Physics of superheavy dark matter in supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Addazi, Andrea; Marciano, Antonino; Ketov, Sergei V.; Khlopov, Maxim Yu.

New trends in inflationary model building and dark matter production in supergravity are considered. Starobinsky inflation is embedded into 𝒩 = 1 supergravity, avoiding instability problems, when the inflaton belongs to a vector superfield associated with a U(1) gauge symmetry, instead of a chiral superfield. This gauge symmetry can be spontaneously broken by the super-Higgs mechanism resulting in a massive vector supermultiplet including the (real scalar) inflaton field. Both supersymmetry (SUSY) and the R-symmetry can also be spontaneously broken by the Polonyi mechanism at high scales close to the inflationary scale. In this case, Polonyi particles and gravitinos become superheavy, and can be copiously produced during inflation by the Schwinger mechanism sourced by the universe expansion. The Polonyi mass slightly exceeds twice the gravitino mass, so that Polonyi particles are unstable and decay into gravitinos. Considering the mechanisms of superheavy gravitino production, we find that the right amount of cold dark matter composed of gravitinos can be achieved. In our scenario, the parameter space of the inflaton potential is directly related to the dark matter one, providing a new unifying framework of inflation and dark matter genesis. A multi-superfield extension of the supergravity framework with a single (inflaton) superfield can result in a formation of primordial nonlinear structures like mini- and stellar-mass black holes, primordial nongaussianity, and the running spectral index of density fluctuations. This framework can be embedded into the SUSY GUTs inspired by heterotic string compactifications on Calabi-Yau three-folds, thus unifying particle physics with quantum gravity.

Thermalized axion inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Ricardo Z.; Notari, Alessio

2017-09-01

We analyze the dynamics of inflationary models with a coupling of the inflaton phi to gauge fields of the form phi F tilde F/f, as in the case of axions. It is known that this leads to an instability, with exponential amplification of gauge fields, controlled by the parameter ξ= dot phi/(2fH), which can strongly affect the generation of cosmological perturbations and even the background. We show that scattering rates involving gauge fields can become larger than the expansion rate H, due to the very large occupation numbers, and create a thermal bath of particles of temperature T during inflation. In the thermal regime, energy is transferred to smaller scales, radically modifying the predictions of this scenario. We thus argue that previous constraints on ξ are alleviated. If the gauge fields have Standard Model interactions, which naturally provides reheating, they thermalize already at ξgtrsim2.9, before perturbativity constraints and also before backreaction takes place. In absence of SM interactions (i.e. for a dark photon), we find that gauge fields and inflaton perturbations thermalize if ξgtrsim3.4 however, observations require ξgtrsim6, which is above the perturbativity and backreaction bounds and so a dedicated study is required. After thermalization, though, the system should evolve non-trivially due to the competition between the instability and the gauge field thermal mass. If the thermal mass and the instabilities equilibrate, we expect an equilibrium temperature of Teq simeq ξ H/bar g where bar g is the effective gauge coupling. Finally, we estimate the spectrum of perturbations if phi is thermal and find that the tensor to scalar ratio is suppressed by H/(2T), if tensors do not thermalize.

Thermalized axion inflation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ferreira, Ricardo Z.; Notari, Alessio, E-mail: rferreira@icc.ub.edu, E-mail: notari@ub.edu

2017-09-01

We analyze the dynamics of inflationary models with a coupling of the inflaton φ to gauge fields of the form φ F F-tilde / f , as in the case of axions. It is known that this leads to an instability, with exponential amplification of gauge fields, controlled by the parameter ξ= φ-dot /(2 fH ), which can strongly affect the generation of cosmological perturbations and even the background. We show that scattering rates involving gauge fields can become larger than the expansion rate H , due to the very large occupation numbers, and create a thermal bath of particlesmore » of temperature T during inflation. In the thermal regime, energy is transferred to smaller scales, radically modifying the predictions of this scenario. We thus argue that previous constraints on ξ are alleviated. If the gauge fields have Standard Model interactions, which naturally provides reheating, they thermalize already at ξ∼>2.9, before perturbativity constraints and also before backreaction takes place. In absence of SM interactions (i.e. for a dark photon), we find that gauge fields and inflaton perturbations thermalize if ξ∼>3.4; however, observations require ξ∼>6, which is above the perturbativity and backreaction bounds and so a dedicated study is required. After thermalization, though, the system should evolve non-trivially due to the competition between the instability and the gauge field thermal mass. If the thermal mass and the instabilities equilibrate, we expect an equilibrium temperature of T {sub eq} ≅ ξ H / g-bar where g-bar is the effective gauge coupling. Finally, we estimate the spectrum of perturbations if φ is thermal and find that the tensor to scalar ratio is suppressed by H /(2 T ), if tensors do not thermalize.« less

Holism and structuralism in U(1) gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyre, Holger

After decades of neglect philosophers of physics have discovered gauge theories-arguably the paradigm of modern field physics-as a genuine topic for foundational and philosophical research. Incidentally, in the last couple of years interest from the philosophy of physics in structural realism-in the eyes of its proponents the best suited realist position towards modern physics-has also raised. This paper tries to connect both topics and aims to show that structural realism gains further credence from an ontological analysis of gauge theories-in particular U (1) gauge theory. In the first part of the paper the framework of fiber bundle gauge theories is briefly presented and the interpretation of local gauge symmetry will be examined. In the second part, an ontological underdetermination of gauge theories is carved out by considering the various kinds of non-locality involved in such typical effects as the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The analysis shows that the peculiar form of non-separability figuring in gauge theories is a variant of spatiotemporal holism and can be distinguished from quantum theoretic holism. In the last part of the paper the arguments for a gauge theoretic support of structural realism are laid out and discussed.

To gauge or not to gauge?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maldacena, Juan; Milekhin, Alexey

2018-04-01

The D0 brane, or BFSS, matrix model is a quantum mechanical theory with an interesting gravity dual. We consider a variant of this model where we treat the SU( N) symmetry as a global symmetry, rather than as a gauge symmetry. This variant contains new non-singlet states. We consider the impact of these new states on its gravity dual. We argue that the gravity dual is essentially the same as the one for the original matrix model. The non-singlet states have higher energy at strong coupling and are therefore dynamically suppressed.

Taking a vector supermultiplet apart: Alternative Fayet-Iliopoulos-type terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzenko, Sergei M.

2018-06-01

Starting from an Abelian N = 1 vector supermultiplet V coupled to conformal supergravity, we construct from it a nilpotent real scalar Goldstino superfield V of the type proposed in arxiv:arXiv:1702.02423. It contains only two independent component fields, the Goldstino and the auxiliary D-field. The important properties of this Goldstino superfield are: (i) it is gauge invariant; and (ii) it is super-Weyl invariant. As a result, the gauge prepotential can be represented as V = V + V, where V contains only one independent component field, modulo gauge degrees of freedom, which is the gauge one-form. Making use of V allows us to introduce new Fayet-Iliopoulos-type terms, which differ from the one proposed in arxiv:arXiv:1712.08601 and share with the latter the property that gauged R-symmetry is not required.

Effective Lagrangian in de Sitter spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitamoto, Hiroyuki; Kitazawa, Yoshihisa

2017-01-01

Scale invariant fluctuations of metric are a universal feature of quantum gravity in de Sitter spacetime. We construct an effective Lagrangian which summarizes their implications on local physics by integrating superhorizon metric fluctuations. It shows infrared quantum effects are local and render fundamental couplings time dependent. We impose Lorenz invariance on the effective Lagrangian as it is required by the principle of general covariance. We show that such a requirement leads to unique physical predictions by fixing the quantization ambiguities. We explain how the gauge parameter dependence of observables is canceled. In particular the relative evolution speed of the couplings are shown to be gauge invariant.

Non-Abelian black string solutions of N = (2,0) , d = 6 supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cano, Pablo A.; Ortín, Tomás; Santoli, Camilla

2016-12-01

We show that, when compactified on a circle, N = (2, 0), d = 6 supergravity coupled to 1 tensor multiplet and n V vector multiplets is dual to N = (2 , 0) , d = 6 supergravity coupled to just n T = n V + 1 tensor multiplets and no vector multiplets. Both theories reduce to the same models of N = 2 , d = 5 supergravity coupled to n V 5 = n V + 2 vector fields. We derive Buscher rules that relate solutions of these theories (and of the theory that one obtains by dualizing the 3-form field strength) admitting an isometry. Since the relations between the fields of N = 2 , d = 5 supergravity and those of the 6-dimensional theories are the same with or without gaugings, we construct supersymmetric non-Abelian solutions of the 6-dimensional gauged theories by uplifting the recently found 5-dimensional supersymmetric non-Abelian black-hole solutions. The solutions describe the usual superpositions of strings and waves supplemented by a BPST instanton in the transverse directions, similar to the gauge dyonic string of Duff, Lü and Pope. One of the solutions obtained interpolates smoothly between two AdS3× S3 geometries with different radii.

Probing anomalous W W γ triple gauge bosons coupling at the LHeC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ruibo; Shen, Xiao-Min; Wang, Kai; Xu, Tao; Zhang, Liangliang; Zhu, Guohuai

2018-04-01

The precision measurement of the W W γ vertex at the future Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) at CERN is discussed in this paper. We propose to measure this vertex in the e-p →e-W±j channel as a complement to the conventional charged current νeγ j channel. In addition to the cross section measurement, χ2 method studies of angular variables provide powerful tools to probe the anomalous structure of triple gauge boson couplings. We study the distribution of the well-known azimuthal angle between the final state forward electron and jet in this vector-boson fusion process. On the other hand, full reconstruction of leptonic W decay opens a new opportunity to measure W polarization that is also sensitive to the anomalous triple gauge boson couplings. Taking into consideration the superior determination of parton distribution functions based on future LHeC data, the constraints of λγ and Δ κγ might reach up to O (10-3) level in the most ideal case with the 2 - 3 ab-1 data set, which shows a potential advantage compared to those from LHC and Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) data.

Combinatorial invariants and covariants as tools for conical intersections.

PubMed

Ryb, Itai; Baer, Roi

2004-12-01

The combinatorial invariant and covariant are introduced as practical tools for analysis of conical intersections in molecules. The combinatorial invariant is a quantity depending on adiabatic electronic states taken at discrete nuclear configuration points. It is invariant to the phase choice (gauge) of these states. In the limit that the points trace a loop in nuclear configuration space, the value of the invariant approaches the corresponding Berry phase factor. The Berry phase indicates the presence of an odd or even number of conical intersections on surfaces bounded by these loops. Based on the combinatorial invariant, we develop a computationally simple and efficient method for locating conical intersections. The method is robust due to its use of gauge invariant nature. It does not rely on the landscape of intersecting potential energy surfaces nor does it require the computation of nonadiabatic couplings. We generalize the concept to open paths and combinatorial covariants for higher dimensions obtaining a technique for the construction of the gauge-covariant adiabatic-diabatic transformation matrix. This too does not make use of nonadiabatic couplings. The importance of using gauge-covariant expressions is underlined throughout. These techniques can be readily implemented by standard quantum chemistry codes. (c) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

A proposal of a local modified QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabo Montes de Oca, A.

2012-06-01

A local and renormalizable version of a modified PQCD introduced in previous works is presented. The construction indicates that it could be equivalent to massless QCD. The case in which only quark condensate effects are retained is discussed in more detail. Then, the appearing auxiliary fermion fields can be integrated, leading to a theory with the action of massless QCD, to which one local and gauge invariant Lagrangian term for each quark flavour is added. Those action terms are defined by two gluon and two quark fields, in a form curiously not harming power counting renormalizability. The gluon self-energy is evaluated in second order in the gauge coupling and all orders in the new quark couplings, and the result became transversal as required by the gauge invariance. The vacuum energy was also calculated in the two-loop approximation and became gauge parameter independent. The possibilities that higher-loop contributions to the vacuum energy allow the generation of a quark mass hierarchy as a flavour symmetry-breaking effect are commented. The decision on this issue needs a further evaluation of more than two-loop contributions, in which more than one type of quark loops start appearing, possibly leading to interference effects in the vacuum energy.

Lepton flavor violating decays of B and K mesons in models with extended gauge group

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fayyazuddin; Aslam, Muhammad Jamil; Lu, Cai-Dian

2018-05-01

Lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays are forbidden in the Standard Model (SM) and to explore them one has to go beyond it. The flavor changing neutral current induced lepton flavor conserving and LFV decays of K and B mesons is discussed in the gauge group G = SU(2)L × U(1)Y1 × SU(2)X. The lepto-quark Xμ±2/3 corresponding to gauge group SU(2)X allows the quark-lepton transitions and hence giving a framework to construct the effective Lagrangian for the LFV decays. The mass of lepto-quark mX provides a scale at which the gauge group G is broken to the SM gauge group. Using the most stringent experimental limit ℬ(KL0 → μ∓e±) < 1.7 × 10‑12, the upper bound on the effective coupling constant GX GF2 < 1.1 × 10‑10 is obtained for certain pairing of lepton and quark generations in the representation (2,2¯) of the group G. Later, the effective Lagrangian for the LFV meson decays for the gauge group G = [SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)Y1‧] × SU(2)X is constructed. Using ℬ(K‑→ π‑νν¯) = (1.7 ± 1.1) × 10‑10, the bound on the ratio of effective couplings is obtained to be GX GF2 < 10‑10. A number of decay modes are discussed which provide a promising area to test this model in the current and future particle physics experiments.

Gauge-flation confronted with Planck

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Namba, Ryo; Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela; Peloso, Marco, E-mail: namba@physics.umn.edu, E-mail: ema@physics.umn.edu, E-mail: peloso@physics.umn.edu

2013-11-01

Gauge-flation is a recently proposed model in which inflation is driven solely by a non-Abelian gauge field thanks to a specific higher order derivative operator. The nature of the operator is such that it does not introduce ghosts. We compute the cosmological scalar and tensor perturbations for this model, improving over an existing computation. We then confront these results with the Planck data. The model is characterized by the quantity γ ≡ g{sup 2}Q{sup 2}/H{sup 2} (where g is the gauge coupling constant, Q the vector vev, and H the Hubble rate). For γ < 2, the scalar perturbations show a strongmore » tachyonic instability. In the stable region, the scalar power spectrum n{sub s} is too low at small γ, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio r is too high at large γ. No value of γ leads to acceptable values for n{sub s} and r, and so the model is ruled out by the CMB data. The same behavior with γ was obtained in Chromo-natural inflation, a model in which inflation is driven by a pseudo-scalar coupled to a non-Abelian gauge field. When the pseudo-scalar can be integrated out, one recovers the model of Gauge-flation plus corrections. It was shown that this identification is very accurate at the background level, but differences emerged in the literature concerning the perturbations of the two models. On the contrary, our results show that the analogy between the two models continues to be accurate also at the perturbative level.« less

Light dark matter, naturalness, and the radiative origin of the electroweak scale

DOE PAGES

Altmannshofer, Wolfgang; Bardeen, William A.; Bauer, Martin; ...

2015-01-09

We study classically scale invariant models in which the Standard Model Higgs mass term is replaced in the Lagrangian by a Higgs portal coupling to a complex scalar field of a dark sector. We focus on models that are weakly coupled with the quartic scalar couplings nearly vanishing at the Planck scale. The dark sector contains fermions and scalars charged under dark SU(2) × U(1) gauge interactions. Radiative breaking of the dark gauge group triggers electroweak symmetry breaking through the Higgs portal coupling. Requiring both a Higgs boson mass of 125.5 GeV and stability of the Higgs potential up tomore » the Planck scale implies that the radiative breaking of the dark gauge group occurs at the TeV scale. We present a particular model which features a long-range abelian dark force. The dominant dark matter component is neutral dark fermions, with the correct thermal relic abundance, and in reach of future direct detection experiments. The model also has lighter stable dark fermions charged under the dark force, with observable effects on galactic-scale structure. Collider signatures include a dark sector scalar boson with mass ≲ 250 GeV that decays through mixing with the Higgs boson, and can be detected at the LHC. As a result, the Higgs boson, as well as the new scalar, may have significant invisible decays into dark sector particles.« less

Microphysics in Multi-scale Modeling System with Unified Physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, Wei-Kuo

2012-01-01

Recently, a multi-scale modeling system with unified physics was developed at NASA Goddard. It consists of (1) a cloud-resolving model (Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, GCE model), (2) a regional scale model (a NASA unified weather research and forecast, WRF), (3) a coupled CRM and global model (Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework, MMF), and (4) a land modeling system. The same microphysical processes, long and short wave radiative transfer and land processes and the explicit cloud-radiation, and cloud-land surface interactive processes are applied in this multi-scale modeling system. This modeling system has been coupled with a multi-satellite simulator to use NASA high-resolution satellite data to identify the strengths and weaknesses of cloud and precipitation processes simulated by the model. In this talk, a review of developments and applications of the multi-scale modeling system will be presented. In particular, the microphysics development and its performance for the multi-scale modeling system will be presented.

Grand unification and possible matter-antimatter domain structure in the universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stecker, F. W.

1981-01-01

The theory and basic concepts for the development of a matter-antimatter domain cosmology are outlined within the framework of the grand unified gauge theory paradigm. It is shown how spontaneous CP symmetry breaking leads to such a domain sturcture in the universe. Astrophysical data such as the cosmic gamma-ray background spectrum, cosmic-ray p flux measurements, and galaxy clustering are found to favor this point of view. Future tests of this form of big-bang cosmology are suggested and discussed, including tests using deep underwater cosmic ray neutrino detectors.

Holographic studies of thermal gauge theories with flavour

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomson, Rowan F. M.

The AdS/CFT correspondence and its extensions to more general gauge/gravity dualities have provided a powerful framework for the study of strongly coupled gauge theories. This thesis explores properties of a large class of thermal strongly coupled gauge theories using the gravity dual. In order to bring the holographic framework closer to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), we study theories with matter in the fundamental representation. In particular, we focus on the holographic dual of SU ( N c ) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory coupled to N f = N c flavours of fundamental matter at finite temperature, which is realised as N f Dq-brane probes in the near horizon (black hole) geometry of N c black Dp-branes. We explore many aspects of these Dp/Dq brane systems, often focussing on the D3/D7 brane system which is dual to a four dimensional gauge theory. We study the thermodynamics of the Dq-brane probes in the black hole geometry. At low temperature, the branes sit outside the black hole and the meson spectrum is discrete and possesses a mass gap. As the temperature increases, the branes approach a critical solution. Eventually, they fall into the horizon and a phase transition occurs. At large N c and large 't Hooft coupling, we show that this phase transition is always first order. We calculate the free energy, entropy and energy densities, as well as the speed of sound in these systems. We compute the meson spectrum for brane embeddings outside the horizon and find that tachyonic modes appear where this phase is expected to be unstable from thermodynamic considerations. We study the system at non-zero baryon density n b and find that there is a line of phase transitions for small n b , terminating at a critical point with finite n b . We demonstrate that, to leading order in N f / N c , the viscosity to entropy density ratio in these theories saturates the conjectured universal bound e/ S >= 1/4p. Finally, we compute spectral functions and diffusion constants for fundamental matter in the high temperature phase of the D3/D7 theory.

Tensor non-Gaussianity from axion-gauge-fields dynamics: parameter search

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agrawal, Aniket; Fujita, Tomohiro; Komatsu, Eiichiro

2018-06-01

We calculate the bispectrum of scale-invariant tensor modes sourced by spectator SU(2) gauge fields during inflation in a model containing a scalar inflaton, a pseudoscalar axion and SU(2) gauge fields. A large bispectrum is generated in this model at tree-level as the gauge fields contain a tensor degree of freedom, and its production is dominated by self-coupling of the gauge fields. This is a unique feature of non-Abelian gauge theory. The shape of the tensor bispectrum is approximately an equilateral shape for 3lesssim mQlesssim 4, where mQ is an effective dimensionless mass of the SU(2) field normalised by the Hubble expansion rate during inflation. The amplitude of non-Gaussianity of the tensor modes, characterised by the ratio Bh/P2h, is inversely proportional to the energy density fraction of the gauge field. This ratio can be much greater than unity, whereas the ratio from the vacuum fluctuation of the metric is of order unity. The bispectrum is effective at constraining large mQ regions of the parameter space, whereas the power spectrum constrains small mQ regions.

Non-Abelian gauge fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerbier, Fabrice; Goldman, Nathan; Lewenstein, Maciej; Sengstock, Klaus

2013-07-01

Building a universal quantum computer is a central goal of emerging quantum technologies, which has the potential to revolutionize science and technology. Unfortunately, this future does not seem to be very close at hand. However, quantum computers built for a special purpose, i.e. quantum simulators , are currently developed in many leading laboratories. Many schemes for quantum simulation have been proposed and realized using, e.g., ultracold atoms in optical lattices, ultracold trapped ions, atoms in arrays of cavities, atoms/ions in arrays of traps, quantum dots, photonic networks, or superconducting circuits. The progress in experimental implementations is more than spectacular. Particularly interesting are those systems that simulate quantum matter evolving in the presence of gauge fields. In the quantum simulation framework, the generated (synthetic) gauge fields may be Abelian, in which case they are the direct analogues of the vector potentials commonly associated with magnetic fields. In condensed matter physics, strong magnetic fields lead to a plethora of fascinating phenomena, among which the most paradigmatic is perhaps the quantum Hall effect. The standard Hall effect consists in the appearance of a transverse current, when a longitudinal voltage difference is applied to a conducting sample. For quasi-two-dimensional semiconductors at low temperatures placed in very strong magnetic fields, the transverse conductivity, the ratio between the transverse current and the applied voltage, exhibits perfect and robust quantization, independent for instance of the material or of its geometry. Such an integer quantum Hall effect, is now understood as a deep consequence of underlying topological order. Although such a system is an insulator in the bulk, it supports topologically robust edge excitations which carry the Hall current. The robustness of these chiral excitations against backscattering explains the universality of the quantum Hall effect. Another interesting and related effect, which arises from the interplay between strong magnetic field and lattice potentials, is the famous Hofstadter butterfly: the energy spectrum of a single particle moving on a lattice and subjected to a strong magnetic field displays a beautiful fractal structure as a function of the magnetic flux penetrating each elementary plaquette of the lattice. When the effects of interparticle interactions become dominant, two-dimensional gases of electrons exhibit even more exotic behaviour leading to the fractional quantum Hall effect. In certain conditions such a strongly interacting electron gas may form a highly correlated state of matter, the prototypical example being the celebrated Laughlin quantum liquid. Even more fascinating is the behaviour of bulk excitations (quasi-hole and quasi-particles): they are neither fermionic nor bosonic, but rather behave as anyons with fractional statistics intermediate between the two. Moreover, for some specific filling factors (ratio between the electronic density and the flux density), these anyons are proven to have an internal structure (several components) and non-Abelian braiding properties. Many of the above statements concern theoretical predictions—they have never been observed in condensed matter systems. For instance, the fractional values of the Hall conductance is seen as a direct consequence of the fractional statistics, but to date direct observation of anyons has not been possible in two-dimensional semiconductors. Realizing these predictions in experiments with atoms, ions, photons etc, which potentially allow the experimentalist to perform measurements complementary to those made in condensed matter systems, is thus highly desirable! Non-Abelian gauge fields couple the motional states of the particles to their internal degrees of freedom (such as hyperfine states for atoms or ions, electronic spins for electrons, etc). In this sense external non-Abelian fields extend the concept of spin-orbit coupling (Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings), familiar from AMO and condensed matter physics. They lead to yet another variety of fascinating phenomena such as the quantum spin Hall effect, three-dimensional topological insulators, topological superconductors and superfluids of various kinds. One also expects here the appearance of excitations in a form of topological edge states that can support robust transport, or entangled Majorana fermions in the case of topological superconductors or superfluids. Again, while many kinds of topological insulators have been realized in condensed matter systems, a controlled way of creating them in AMO systems and studying quantum phase transitions between various kinds of them is obviously very appealing and challenging. The various systems listed so far correspond to static gauge fields, which are externally imposed by the experimentalists. Even more fascinating is the possibility of generating synthetically dynamical gauge fields, i.e. gauge fields that evolve in time according to an interacting gauge theory, e.g., a full lattice gauge theory (LGT). These dynamical gauge fields can also couple to matter fields, allowing the quantum simulation of such complex systems (notoriously hard to simulate using 'traditional' computers), which are particularly relevant for modern high-energy physics. So far, most of the theoretical proposals concern the simulation of Abelian gauge theories, however, several groups have recently proposed extensions to the non-Abelian scenarios. The scope of the present focused issue of Journal of Physics B is to cover all of these developments, with particular emphasis on the non-Abelian gauge fields. The 14 papers in this issue include contributions from the leading theory groups working in this field; we believe that this collection will provide the reference set for quantum simulations of gauge fields. Although the special issue contains exclusively theoretical proposals and studies, it should be stressed that the progress in experimental studies of artificial Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in recent years has been simply spectacular. Multiple leading groups are working on this subject and have already obtained a lot of seminal results. The papers in the special issue are ordered according to the date of acceptance. The issue opens with a review article by Zhou et al [1] on unconventional states of bosons with synthetic spin-orbit coupling. Next, the paper by Maldonado-Mundo et al [2] studies ultracold Fermi gases with artificial Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a 2D gas. Anderson and Charles [3], in contrast, discuss a three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling in a trap. Orth et al [4] investigate correlated topological phases and exotic magnetism with ultracold fermions, again in the presence of artificial gauge fields. The paper of Nascimbène [5] does not address the synthetic gauge fields directly, but describes an experimental proposal for realizing one-dimensional topological superfluids with ultracold atomic gases; obviously, this problem is well situated in the general and growing field of topological superfluids, in particular those realized in the presence of non-Abelian gauge fields/spin-orbit coupling. Graß et al [6] consider in their paper fractional quantum Hall states of a Bose gas with spin-orbit coupling induced by a laser. Particular attention is drawn here to the possibility of realizing states with non-Abelian anyonic excitations. Zheng et al [7] study properties of Bose gases with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling. Kiffner et al [8] in their paper touch on another kind of system, namely ultracold Rydberg atoms. In particular they study the generation of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in dipole-dipole interacting Rydberg atoms. The behaviour of fermions in synthetic non-Abelian gauge potentials is discussed by Shenoy and Vyasanakere [9]. The paper starts with the study of Rashbon condensates (i.e. Bose condensates in the presence of Rashba coupling) and also introduces novel kinds of exotic Hamiltonians. Goldman et al [10] propose a concrete setup for realizing arbitrary non-Abelian gauge potentials in optical square lattices; they discuss how such synthetic gauge fields can be exploited to generate Chern insulators. Zygelman [11], similarly as Kiffner et al [8], discusses in his paper non-Abelian gauge fields in Rydberg systems. Marchukov et al [12] return to the subject of spin-orbit coupling, and investigate spectral gaps of spin-orbit coupled particles in the realistic situations of deformed traps. The last two papers, in contrast, are devoted to different subjects. Edmonds et al [13] consider a 'dynamical' density-dependent gauge potential, and study the Josephson effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to such a potential. Last, but not least, Mazzucchi et al [14] study the properties of semimetal-superfluid quantum phase transitions in 3D lattices with Dirac points. References [1] Zhou X, Li Y, Cai Z and Wu C 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134001 [2] Maldonado-Mundo D, Öhberg P and Valiente M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134002 [3] Anderson B M and Clark C W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134003 [4] Orth P P, Cocks D, Rachel S, Buchhold M, Le Hur K and Hofstetter W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134004 [5] Nascimbène S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134005 [6] Graß T, Juliá-Díaz B, Burrello M and Lewenstein M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134006 [7] Zheng W, Yu Z-Q, Cui X and Zhai H 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134007 [8] Kiffner M, Li W and Jaksch D 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134008 [9] Shenoy V B and Vyasanakere J P 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134009 [10] Goldman N, Gerbier F and Lewenstein M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134010 [11] Zygelman B 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134011 [12] Marchukov O V, Volosniev A G, Fedorov D V, Jensen A S and Zinner N T 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134012 [13] Edmonds M J, Valiente M and Öhberg P 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134013 [14] Mazzucchi G, Lepori L and Trombettoni A 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134014

Dynamical gauge effects in an open quantum network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jianshi; Price, Craig; Liu, Qi; Gemelke, Nathan

2016-05-01

We describe new experimental techniques for simulation of high-energy field theories based on an analogy between open thermodynamic systems and effective dynamical gauge-fields following SU(2) × U(1) Yang-Mills models. By coupling near-resonant laser-modes to atoms moving in a disordered optical environment, we create an open system which exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transition between two steady-state behaviors, exhibiting scale-invariant behavior near the transition. By measuring transport of atoms through the disordered network, we observe two distinct scaling behaviors, corresponding to the classical and quantum limits for the dynamical gauge field. This behavior is loosely analogous to dynamical gauge effects in quantum chromodynamics, and can mapped onto generalized open problems in theoretical understanding of quantized non-Abelian gauge theories. Additional, the scaling behavior can be understood from the geometric structure of the gauge potential and linked to the measure of information in the local disordered potential, reflecting an underlying holographic principle. We acknowledge support from NSF Award No.1068570, and the Charles E. Kaufman Foundation.

A Lie based 4-dimensional higher Chern-Simons theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zucchini, Roberto

2016-05-01

We present and study a model of 4-dimensional higher Chern-Simons theory, special Chern-Simons (SCS) theory, instances of which have appeared in the string literature, whose symmetry is encoded in a skeletal semistrict Lie 2-algebra constructed from a compact Lie group with non discrete center. The field content of SCS theory consists of a Lie valued 2-connection coupled to a background closed 3-form. SCS theory enjoys a large gauge and gauge for gauge symmetry organized in an infinite dimensional strict Lie 2-group. The partition function of SCS theory is simply related to that of a topological gauge theory localizing on flat connections with degree 3 second characteristic class determined by the background 3-form. Finally, SCS theory is related to a 3-dimensional special gauge theory whose 2-connection space has a natural symplectic structure with respect to which the 1-gauge transformation action is Hamiltonian, the 2-curvature map acting as moment map.

Unified model for the electromechanical coupling factor of orthorhombic piezoelectric rectangular bar with arbitrary aspect ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rouffaud, R.; Levassort, F.; Hladky-Hennion, A.-C.

2017-02-01

Piezoelectric Single Crystals (PSC) are increasingly used in the manufacture of ultrasonic transducers and in particular for linear arrays or single element transducers. Among these PSCs, according to their microstructure and poled direction, some exhibit a mm2 symmetry. The analytical expression of the electromechanical coupling coefficient for a vibration mode along the poling direction for piezoelectric rectangular bar resonator is established. It is based on the mode coupling theory and fundamental energy ratio definition of electromechanical coupling coefficients. This unified formula for mm2 symmetry class material is obtained as a function of an aspect ratio (G) where the two extreme cases correspond to a thin plate (with a vibration mode characterized by the thickness coupling factor, kt) and a thin bar (characterized by k33'). To optimize the k33' value related to the thin bar design, a rotation of the crystallogaphic axis in the plane orthogonal to the poling direction is done to choose the highest value for PIN-PMN-PT single crystal. Finally, finite element calculations are performed to deduce resonance frequencies and coupling coefficients in a large range of G value to confirm developed analytical relations.

Comment on "Chiral gauge field and axial anomaly in a Weyl semimetal"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Erhu; Zhang, Shengli

2017-12-01

In Liu et al. [Phys. Rev. B 87, 235306 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235306], the authors obtain that the cross coupling between vector gauge field and chiral gauge field can lead to the anomaly of vector current. We demonstrate that this anomaly is not a physical effect. On one hand, it can be regulated out by the proper regulation. On the other hand, it leads to unjustifiable results, the breaking of the vector gauge symmetry and the ambiguous boundary current. Moreover, the effects associated with anomaly of vector current are understood by random phase approximation (RPA) in the paper we comment on. We point out that the RPA cannot describe the effects resulting from the quantum anomaly.

Design, development and manufacture of a breadboard radio frequency mass gauging system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The feasibility of the RF gauging mode, counting technique was demonstrated for gauging liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen under all attitude conditions. With LH2, it was also demonstrated under dynamic fluid conditions, in which the fluid assumes ever changing positions within the tank, that the RF gauging technique on the average provides a very good indication of mass. It is significant that the distribution of the mode count data at each fill level during dynamic LH2 and LOX orientation testing does approach a statistical normal distribution. Multiple space-diversity probes provide better coupling to the resonant modes than utilization of a single probe element. The variable sweep rate generator technique provides a more uniform mode versus time distribution for processing.

Running coupling constant from lattice studies of gluon and ghost propagators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cucchieri, A.; Mendes, T.

2004-12-01

We present a numerical study of the running coupling constant in four-dimensional pure-SU(2) lattice gauge theory. The running coupling is evaluated by fitting data for the gluon and ghost propagators in minimal Landau gauge. Following Refs. [1, 2], the fitting formulae are obtained by a simultaneous integration of the β function and of a function coinciding with the anomalous dimension of the propagator in the momentum subtraction scheme. We consider these formulae at three and four loops. The fitting method works well, especially for the ghost case, for which statistical error and hyper-cubic effects are very small. Our present result for ΛMS is 200-40+60 MeV, where the error is purely systematic. We are currently extending this analysis to five loops in order to reduce this systematic error.

Supersymmetric solutions of the cosmological, gauged, ℂ magic model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chimento, Samuele; Ortín, Tomás; Ruipérez, Alejandro

2018-05-01

We construct supersymmetric solutions of theories of gauged N = 1 , d = 5 supergravity coupled to vector multiplets with a U(1)R Abelian (Fayet-Iliopoulos) gauging and an independent SU(2) gauging associated to an SU(2) isometry group of the Real Special scalar manifold. These theories provide minimal supersymmetrizations of 5-dimensional SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theories with negative cosmological constant. We consider a minimal model with these gauge groups and the "magic model" based on the Jordan algebra J 3 ℂ with gauge group SU(3) × U(1)R, which is a consistent truncation of maximal SO(6)-gauged supergravity in d = 5 and whose solutions can be embedded in Type IIB Superstring Theory. We find several solutions containing selfdual SU(2) instantons, some of which asymptote to AdS5 and some of which are very small, supersymmetric, deformations of AdS5. We also show how some of those solutions can be embedded in Romans' SU(2) × U(1)-gauged half-maximal supergravity, which was obtained by Lu, Pope and Tran by compactification of the Type IIB Superstring effective action. This provides another way of uplifting those solutions to 10 dimensions.

Next Generation Community Based Unified Global Modeling System Development and Operational Implementation Strategies at NCEP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tallapragada, V.

2017-12-01

NOAA's Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS) has provided the unique opportunity to develop and implement a non-hydrostatic global model based on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Finite Volume Cubed Sphere (FV3) Dynamic Core at National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), making a leap-step advancement in seamless prediction capabilities across all spatial and temporal scales. Model development efforts are centralized with unified model development in the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) infrastructure based on Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). A more sophisticated coupling among various earth system components is being enabled within NEMS following National Unified Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) standards. The eventual goal of unifying global and regional models will enable operational global models operating at convective resolving scales. Apart from the advanced non-hydrostatic dynamic core and coupling to various earth system components, advanced physics and data assimilation techniques are essential for improved forecast skill. NGGPS is spearheading ambitious physics and data assimilation strategies, concentrating on creation of a Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) and Joint Effort for Data Assimilation Integration (JEDI). Both initiatives are expected to be community developed, with emphasis on research transitioning to operations (R2O). The unified modeling system is being built to support the needs of both operations and research. Different layers of community partners are also established with specific roles/responsibilities for researchers, core development partners, trusted super-users, and operations. Stakeholders are engaged at all stages to help drive the direction of development, resources allocations and prioritization. This talk presents the current and future plans of unified model development at NCEP for weather, sub-seasonal, and seasonal climate prediction applications with special emphasis on implementation of NCEP FV3 Global Forecast System (GFS) and Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) into operations by 2019.

Confronting Seiberg's duality with r duality in N=1 supersymmetric QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shifman, M.; Yung, A.

2012-09-01

Systematizing our results on r duality obtained previously we focus on comparing r duality with the generalized Seiberg duality in the r vacua of N=2 and N=1 super-Yang-Mills theories with the U(N) gauge group and Nf matter flavors (Nf>N). The number of condensed (s)quarks r is assumed to be in the interval (2)/(3)Nf

Emergent gauge field for a chiral bound state on curved surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Zhe-Yu; Zhai, Hui

2017-09-01

Emergent physics is one of the most important concepts in modern physics, and one of the most intriguing examples is the emergent gauge field. Here we show that a gauge field emerges for a chiral bound state formed by two attractively interacting particles on a curved surface. We demonstrate explicitly that the center-of-mass wave function of such a deeply bound state is monopole harmonic instead of spherical harmonic, which means that the bound state experiences a magnetic monopole at the center of the sphere. This emergent gauge field is due to the coupling between the center-of-mass and the relative motion on a curved surface, and our results can be generalized to an arbitrary curved surface. This result establishes an intriguing connection between the space curvature and gauge field, and paves an alternative way to engineer a topological state with space curvature, and may be observed in a cold atom system.

Sequestered gravity in gauge mediation.

PubMed

Antoniadis, Ignatios; Benakli, Karim; Quiros, Mariano

2016-01-01

We present a novel mechanism of supersymmetry breaking embeddable in string theory and simultaneously sharing the main advantages of (sequestered) gravity and gauge mediation. It is driven by a Scherk-Schwarz deformation along a compact extra dimension, transverse to a brane stack supporting the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. This fixes the magnitude of the gravitino mass, together with that of the gauginos of a bulk gauge group, at a scale as high as [Formula: see text] GeV. Supersymmetry breaking is mediated to the observable sector dominantly by gauge interactions using massive messengers transforming non-trivially under the bulk and Standard Model gauge groups and leading to a neutralino LSP as dark matter candidate. The Higgsino mass [Formula: see text] and soft Higgs-bilinear [Formula: see text] term could be generated at the same order of magnitude as the other soft terms by effective supergravity couplings as in the Giudice-Masiero mechanism.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bunster, Claudio; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Gravitationsphysik; Henneaux, Marc

There exists a formulation of the Maxwell theory in terms of two vector potentials, one electric and one magnetic. The action is then manifestly invariant under electric-magnetic duality transformations, which are rotations in the two-dimensional internal space of the two potentials, and local. We ask the question: Can duality be gauged? The only known and battle-tested method of accomplishing the gauging is the Noether procedure. In its decanted form, it amounts to turning on the coupling by deforming the Abelian gauge group of the free theory, out of whose curvatures the action is built, into a non-Abelian group which becomesmore » the gauge group of the resulting theory. In this article, we show that the method cannot be successfully implemented for electric-magnetic duality. We thus conclude that, unless a radically new idea is introduced, electric-magnetic duality cannot be gauged. The implication of this result for supergravity is briefly discussed.« less

Phenomenology of strongly coupled chiral gauge theories

DOE PAGES

Bai, Yang; Berger, Joshua; Osborne, James; ...

2016-11-25

A sector with QCD-like strong dynamics is common in models of non-standard physics. Such a model could be accessible in LHC searches if both confinement and big-quarks charged under the confining group are at the TeV scale. Big-quark masses at this scale can be explained if the new fermions are chiral under a new U(1)' gauge symmetry such that their bare masses are related to the U(1)'-breaking and new confinement scales. Here we present a study of a minimal GUT-motivated and gauge anomaly-free model with implications for the LHC Run 2 searches. We find that the first signatures of suchmore » models could appear as two gauge boson resonances. The chiral nature of the model could be confirmed by observation of a Z'γ resonance, where the Z' naturally has a large leptonic branching ratio because of its kinetic mixing with the hypercharge gauge boson.« less

Confinement Driven by Scalar Field in 4d Non Abelian Gauge Theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chabab, Mohamed

2007-01-12

We review some of the most recent work on confinement in 4d gauge theories with a massive scalar field (dilaton). Emphasis is put on the derivation of confining analytical solutions to the Coulomb problem versus dilaton effective couplings to gauge terms. It is shown that these effective theories can be relevant to model quark confinement and may shed some light on confinement mechanism. Moreover, the study of interquark potential, derived from Dick Model, in the heavy meson sector proves that phenomenological investigation of tmechanism is more than justified and deserves more efforts.

Remarks on the BRST quantized gauged WZNW models and the Toda field theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hayashi, N.

In this paper it is shown that the quantum Hamiltonian reduction proposed by Bershadsky and Ooguri enables us to connect the gauged WZNW models with fractional levels to the quantum Toda field theories, and the coupling constants of the Toda field theories with the fractional levels. The BRST framework is applied to the SL ({ital n},R)-WZNW models.

Symmetries and mass splittings QCD 2 coupled to adjoint fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boorstein, Joshua; Kutasov, David

1994-06-01

Two-dimensional QCD coupled to fermions in the adjoint representation of the gauge group SU( N), a useful toy model of QCD strings, is supersymmetric for a certain ratio of quark mass and gauge coupling constant. Here we study the theory in the vicinity of the supersymmetric point; in particular we exhibit the algebraic structure of the model and show that the mass splittings as one moves away from the supersymmetric point obey a universal relation of the form Mi2(B)- Mi2(F) = Miδm + O( δm3). We discuss the connection of this relation to string and quark model expectations and verify it numerically for large N. At least for low lying states the O( δm3) corrections are extremely small. We also discuss a natural generalization of QCD 2 with an infinite number of couplings, which preserves SUSY. This leads to a Landau-Ginzburg description of the theory, and may be useful for defining a scaling limit in which smooth worldsheets appear.

Search for anomalous quartic WWγγ couplings in dielectron and missing energy final states in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.

2013-07-29

We present a search for anomalous components of the quartic gauge boson coupling WWγγ in events with an electron, a positron and missing transverse energy. The analyzed data correspond to 9.7 fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 detector in pp̄ collisions at s√=1.96 TeV. The presence of anomalous quartic gauge couplings would manifest itself as an excess of boosted WW events. No such excess is found in the data, and we set the most stringent limits to date on the anomalous coupling parameters a W 0 and a W C. When a form factor with Λ cutoff=0.5 TeVmore » is used, the observed upper limits at 95% C.L. are |a W 0/Λ²|<0.0025 GeV⁻² and |a W C/Λ²|<0.0092 GeV⁻².« less

Aspects Topologiques de la Theorie des Champs et leurs Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caenepeel, Didier

This thesis is dedicated to the study of various topological aspects of field theory, and is divided in three parts. In two space dimensions the possibility of fractional statistics can be implemented by adding an appropriate "fictitious" electric charge and magnetic flux to each particle (after which they are known as anyons). Since the statistical interaction is rather difficult to handle, a mean-field approximation is used in order to describe a gas of anyons. We derive a criterion for the validity of this approximation using the inherent feature of parity violation in the scattering of anyons. We use this new method in various examples of anyons and show both analytically and numerically that the approximation is justified if the statistical interaction is weak, and that it must be more weak for boson-based than for fermion-based anyons. Chern-Simons theories give an elegant implementation of anyonic properties in field theories, which permits the emergence of new mechanisms for anyon superconductivity. Since it is reasonable to think that superconductivity is a low energy phenomenon, we have been interested in non-relativistic C-S systems. We present the scalar field effective potential for non-relativistic matter coupled to both Abelian and non-Abelian C-S gauge fields. We perform the calculations using functional methods in background fields. Finally, we compute the scalar effective potential in various gauges and treat divergences with various regularization schemes. In three space dimensions, a generalization of Chern-Simons theory may be achieved by introducing an antisymmetric tensor gauge field. We use these theories, called B wedge F theories, to present an alternative to the Higgs mechanism to generate masses for non-Abelian gauge fields. The initial Lagrangian is composed of a fermion with current-current and dipole-dipole type self -interactions minimally coupled to non-Abelian gauge fields. The mass generation occurs upon the fermionic functional integration. We show that by suitably adjusting the coupling constants the effective theory contains massive non-Abelian gauge fields without any residual scalars or other degrees of freedom.

Unified Models of Turbulence and Nonlinear Wave Evolution in the Extended Solar Corona and Solar Wind

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, William (Technical Monitor); Cranmer, Steven R.

2005-01-01

The paper discusses the following: 1. No-cost Extension. The no-cost extension is required to complete the work on the unified model codes (both hydrodynamic and kinetic Monte Carlo) as described in the initial proposal and previous annual reports. 2. Scientific Accomplishments during the Report Period. We completed a comprehensive model of Alfvtn wave reflection that spans the full distance from the photosphere to the distant heliosphere. 3. Comparison of Accomplishments with Proposed Goals. The proposal contained two specific objectives for Year 3: (1) to complete the unified model code, and (2) to apply it to various kinds of coronal holes (and polar plumes within coronal holes). Although the anticipated route toward these two final goals has changed (see accomplishments 2a and 2b above), they remain the major milestones for the extended period of performance. Accomplishments la and IC were necessary prerequisites for the derivation of "physically relevant transport and mode-coupling terms" for the unified model codes (as stated in the proposal Year 3 goals). We have fulfilled the proposed "core work" to study 4 general types of physical processes; in previous years we studied turbulence, mode coupling (Le., non-WKB reflection), and kinetic wave damping, and accomplishment lb provides the fourth topic: nonlinear steepening.

Neutrino masses and mixings as an evidence of GUT, and the impact to (flavor changing) nucleon decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maekawa, Nobuhiro; Muramatsu, Yu

2017-11-01

First, we see that the observed data of quark and lepton masses and mixings, which has been completed by adding neutrino data, can be a qualitative signature of S U(5) grand unified theory (GUT). Actually, an assumption, 10 fields induce stronger hierarchy in Yukawa couplings than 5 ¯ fields, can explain all hierarchical structures of quark and lepton masses and mixings. Second, we see the attractiveness of E6 GUT, in which the above assumption in S U(5) GUT can be derived and as the result various Yukawa hierarchies of quarks and leptons can be obtained from only one basic hierarchy. Third, we compare the predictions for nucleon decay among several GUTs with S U(5), S O(10), and E6 unification group which satisfy the above important assumption for Yukawa hierarchy, since this understanding about Yukawa structures reduces the ambiguities in prediction of nucleon decay via superheavy gauge boson exchange. We stress the importance of observations for several decay modes. One of them is flavor changing nucleon decay, for example, P → π0 µ+, which is the decay mode that SuperKamiokande has reported two events in the signal region. This article is based on our works in Ref.[1, 2

"Zero-Mass" Noninvasive Pressure Transducers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartley, Frank T.

2009-01-01

Extremely lightweight, compact, noninvasive, rugged, relatively inexpensive strain-gauge transducers have been developed for use in measuring pressures of fluids in tubes. These gauges were originally intended for measuring pressures of spacecraft-propulsion fluids, but they are also attractive for use in numerous terrestrial applications especially those involving fluids that are extremely chemically reactive, fluids that must be isolated for hygienic purposes, fluids that must be allowed to flow without obstruction, and fluid-containing tubes exposed to severe environments. A basic pressure transducer of this type comprises one or more pair(s) of thin-film strain gauges integral with a tube that contains the fluid of interest. Following established strain-gauge practice, the gauges in each pair are connected into opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge (see figure). Typically, each pressure transducer includes one pair (the active pair) of strain gauges for measuring the hoop stress proportional to the pressure of the fluid in the tube and another pair (the dummy pair) of strain gauges that are nominally unstrained: The dummy gauges are mounted on a substrate that is made of the same material as that of the tube. The substrate is welded to the tube at only one spot so that stresses and strains are not coupled from the tube into the substrate. The dummy strain gauges measure neutral strains (basically, strains associated with thermal expansion), so that the neutral-strain contribution can be subtracted out of the final gauge reading.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.

Tmore » his paper presents the extended results of measurements of W ± W ± j j production and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings using 20.3 fb -1 of proton–proton collision data at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 eV recorded by the ALAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two leptons (e or μ) with the same electric charge and at least two jets are analyzed. Production cross sections are determined in two fiducial regions, with different sensitivities to the electroweak and strong production mechanisms. Lastly, an additional fiducial region, particularly sensitive to anomalous quartic gauge coupling parameters α 4 and α 5 , is introduced, which allows more stringent limits on these parameters compared to the previous ALAS measurement.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dobrescu, Bogdan A.

Color-singlet gauge bosons with renormalizable couplings to quarks but not to leptons must interact with additional fermions (''anomalons'') required to cancel the gauge anomalies. Analyzing the decays of such leptophobic bosons into anomalons, I show that they produce final states involving leptons at the LHC. Resonant production of a flavor-universal leptophobic Z' boson leads to cascade decays via anomalons, whose signatures include a leptonically decaying Z, missing energy and several jets. A Z' boson that couples to the right-handed quarks of the first and second generations undergoes cascade decays that violate lepton universality and include signals with two leptons andmore » jets, or with a Higgs boson, a lepton, a W and missing energy.« less

A string realisation of Ω-deformed Abelian N =2* theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angelantonj, Carlo; Antoniadis, Ignatios; Samsonyan, Marine

2017-10-01

The N =2* supersymmetric gauge theory is a massive deformation of N = 4, in which the adjoint hypermultiplet gets a mass. We present a D-brane realisation of the (non-)Abelian N =2* theory, and compute suitable topological amplitudes, which are expressed as a double series expansion. The coefficients determine couplings of higher-dimensional operators in the effective supergravity action that involve powers of the anti-self-dual N = 2 chiral Weyl superfield and of self-dual gauge field strengths superpartners of the D5-brane coupling modulus. In the field theory limit, the result reproduces the Nekrasov partition function in the two-parameter Ω-background, in agreement with a recent proposal.

Measurements of W ± Z production cross sections in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous gauge boson self-couplings

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2016-05-13

This study presents measurements of W ±Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and muons. The data were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1. The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiducial region is σ W±Z→ℓ'νℓℓ = 35.1 ± 0.9(stat) ± 0.8(sys) ± 0.8(lumi) fb, for one leptonic decay channel. In comparison, the next-to-leading-order Standard Model expectation is 30.0 ± 2.1 fb. Cross sections for Wmore » +Z and W -Z production and their ratio are presented as well as differential cross sections for several kinematic observables. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are derived from the transverse mass spectrum of the W ±Z system. From the analysis of events with a W and a Z boson associated with two or more forward jets an upper limit at 95% confidence level on the W ±Z scattering cross section of 0.63 fb, for each leptonic decay channel, is established, while the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order is 0.13 ± 0.01 fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are also extracted.« less

Measurements of W ± Z production cross sections in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous gauge boson self-couplings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.

2016-05-13

This paper presents measurements of W ± Z production in p p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and muons. The data were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb - 1 . The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiducial region is σ W ± Z → ℓ ' ν ℓ ℓ = 35.1 ± 0.9 ( stat ) ± 0.8 ( sys ) ± 0.8 ( lumi ) fbmore » , for one leptonic decay channel. In comparison, the next-to-leading-order Standard Model expectation is 30.0 ± 2.1 fb . Cross sections for W + Z and W - Z production and their ratio are presented as well as differential cross sections for several kinematic observables. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are derived from the transverse mass spectrum of the W ± Z system. From the analysis of events with a W and a Z boson associated with two or more forward jets an upper limit at 95% confidence level on the W ± Z scattering cross section of 0.63 fb, for each leptonic decay channel, is established, while the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order is 0.13 ± 0.01 fb . Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are also extracted.« less

Self-duality and phase structure of the 4D random-plaquette Z2 gauge model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arakawa, Gaku; Ichinose, Ikuo; Matsui, Tetsuo; Takeda, Koujin

2005-03-01

In the present paper, we shall study the 4-dimensional Z lattice gauge model with a random gauge coupling; the random-plaquette gauge model (RPGM). The random gauge coupling at each plaquette takes the value J with the probability 1-p and - J with p. This model exhibits a confinement-Higgs phase transition. We numerically obtain a phase boundary curve in the (p-T)-plane where T is the "temperature" measured in unit of J/k. This model plays an important role in estimating the accuracy threshold of a quantum memory of a toric code. In this paper, we are mainly interested in its "self-duality" aspect, and the relationship with the random-bond Ising model (RBIM) in 2-dimensions. The "self-duality" argument can be applied both for RPGM and RBIM, giving the same duality equations, hence predicting the same phase boundary. The phase boundary curve obtained by our numerical simulation almost coincides with this predicted phase boundary at the high-temperature region. The phase transition is of first order for relatively small values of p<0.08, but becomes of second order for larger p. The value of p at the intersection of the phase boundary curve and the Nishimori line is regarded as the accuracy threshold of errors in a toric quantum memory. It is estimated as p=0.110±0.002, which is very close to the value conjectured by Takeda and Nishimori through the "self-duality" argument.

Gapless bosonic excitation without symmetry breaking: An algebraic spin liquid with soft gravitons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Cenke

2006-12-01

A quantum ground state of matter is realized in a bosonic model on a three-dimensional fcc lattice with emergent low energy excitations. The phase obtained is a stable gapless boson liquid phase, with algebraic boson density correlations. The stability of this phase is protected against the instanton effect and superfluidity by self-duality and large gauge symmetries on both sides of the duality. The gapless collective excitations of this phase closely resemble the graviton, although they have a soft ω˜k2 dispersion relation. There are three branches of gapless excitations in this phase, one of which is gapless scalar trace mode, the other two have the same polarization and gauge symmetries as the gravitons. The dynamics of this phase is described by a set of Maxwell’s equations. The defects carrying gauge charges can drive the system into the superfluid order when the defects are condensed; also the topological defects are coupled to the dual gauge field in the same manner as the charge defects couple to the original gauge field, after the condensation of the topological defects, the system is driven into the Mott insulator phase. In the two-dimensional case, the gapless soft graviton as well as the algebraic liquid phase are destroyed by the vertex operators in the dual theory, and the stripe order is most likely to take place close to the two-dimensional quantum critical point at which the vertex operators are tuned to zero.

An extension of the standard model with a single coupling parameter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atance, Mario; Cortés, José Luis; Irastorza, Igor G.

1997-02-01

We show that it is possible to find an extension of the matter content of the standard model with a unification of gauge and Yukawa couplings reproducing their known values. The perturbative renormalizability of the model with a single coupling and the requirement to accommodate the known properties of the standard model fix the masses and couplings of the additional particles. The implications on the parameters of the standard model are discussed.

Synthetic gauge flux and Weyl points in acoustic systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Meng; Chen, Wen-Jie; He, Wen-Yu; Chan, C. T.

We consider acoustic systems comprising a honeycomb lattice in the xy plane and periodic along the z direction. As kz is a good quantum number here, for each fixed kz, this system can be treated as a reduced two-dimensional system. By engineering the interlayer coupling in the z-direction, we show that we can realize effective inversion symmetry breaking and synthetic staggered gauge flux in the reduced two-dimensional system. The realizations of chiral edge states for fixed values of kz are direct consequences of the staggered gauge flux. And we then show that the synthetic gauge flux is closely related to the Weyl points in the three-dimensional band structure. This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (Grant No. AoE/P-02/12).

Retarded correlators in kinetic theory: branch cuts, poles and hydrodynamic onset transitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Romatschke, Paul

In this paper, the collective modes of an effective kinetic theory description based on the Boltzmann equation in a relaxation-time approximation applicable to gauge theories at weak but finite coupling and low frequencies are studied. Real time retarded two-point correlators of the energy-momentum tensor and the R-charge current are calculated at finite temperature in flat space-times for large N gauge theories. It is found that the real-time correlators possess logarithmic branch cuts which in the limit of large coupling disappear and give rise to non-hydrodynamic poles that are reminiscent of quasi-normal modes in black holes. In addition to branch cuts,more » correlators can have simple hydrodynamic poles, generalizing the concept of hydrodynamic modes to intermediate wavelength. Surprisingly, the hydrodynamic poles cease to exist for some critical value of the wavelength and coupling reminiscent of the properties of onset transitions.« less

Retarded correlators in kinetic theory: branch cuts, poles and hydrodynamic onset transitions

DOE PAGES

Romatschke, Paul

2016-06-24

In this paper, the collective modes of an effective kinetic theory description based on the Boltzmann equation in a relaxation-time approximation applicable to gauge theories at weak but finite coupling and low frequencies are studied. Real time retarded two-point correlators of the energy-momentum tensor and the R-charge current are calculated at finite temperature in flat space-times for large N gauge theories. It is found that the real-time correlators possess logarithmic branch cuts which in the limit of large coupling disappear and give rise to non-hydrodynamic poles that are reminiscent of quasi-normal modes in black holes. In addition to branch cuts,more » correlators can have simple hydrodynamic poles, generalizing the concept of hydrodynamic modes to intermediate wavelength. Surprisingly, the hydrodynamic poles cease to exist for some critical value of the wavelength and coupling reminiscent of the properties of onset transitions.« less

A unified model of quarks and leptons with a universal texture zero

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Medeiros Varzielas, Ivo; Ross, Graham G.; Talbert, Jim

2018-03-01

We show that a universal texture zero in the (1,1) position of all fermionic mass matrices, including heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos driving a type-I see-saw mechanism, can lead to a viable spectrum of mass, mixing and CP violation for both quarks and leptons, including (but not limited to) three important postdictions: the Cabibbo angle, the charged lepton masses, and the leptonic `reactor' angle. We model this texture zero with a non-Abelian discrete family symmetry that can easily be embedded in a grand unified framework, and discuss the details of the phenomenology after electroweak and family symmetry breaking. We provide an explicit numerical fit to the available data and obtain excellent agreement with the 18 observables in the charged fermion and neutrino sectors with just 9 free parameters. We further show that the vacua of our new scalar familon fields are readily aligned along desired directions in family space, and also demonstrate discrete gauge anomaly freedom at the relevant scale of our effective theory.

Artificial Gauge Fields for Ultracold Neutral Atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jimenez-Garcia, Karina

2013-05-01

Ultracold atoms are a versatile probe for physics at the core of the most intriguing and fascinating systems in the quantum world. Due to the high degree of experimental control offered by such systems, effective Hamiltonians can be designed and experimentally implemented on them. This unique feature makes ultracold atom systems ideal for quantum simulation of complex phenomena as important as high-temperature superconductivity, and recently of novel artificial gauge fields. Suitably designed artificial gauge fields allow neutral particles to experience synthetic- electric or magnetic fields; furthermore, their generalization to matrix valued gauge fields leads to spin-orbit coupling featuring unprecedented control in contrast to ordinary condensed matter systems, thus allowing the characterization of the underlying mechanism of phenomena such as the spin Hall effect and topological insulators. In this talk, I will present an overview of our experiments on quantum simulation with ultracold atom systems by focusing on the realization of light induced artificial gauge fields. We illuminate our Bose-Einstein condensates with a pair of far detuned ``Raman'' lasers, thus creating dressed states that are spin and momentum superpositions. We adiabatically load the atoms into the lowest energy dressed state, where they acquire an experimentally-tunable effective dispersion relation, i.e. we introduce gauge terms into the Hamiltonian. We control such light-induced gauge terms via the strength of the Raman coupling and the detuning from Raman resonance. Our experimental techniques for ultracold bosons have surpassed the apparent limitations imposed by their neutral charge, bosonic nature, and ultra-low energy and have allowed the observation of these new and exciting phenomena. Future work might allow the realization of the bosonic quantum Hall effect, of topological insulators and of systems supporting Majorana fermions using cold atoms. This work was partially supported by the ONR; the ARO with funds from the DARPA OLE program; the Atomtronics MURI; and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. I acknowledge the support from CONACYT.

Improved results for the mass spectrum of N = 1 supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Sajid; Bergner, Georg; Gerber, Henning; Giudice, Pietro; Kuberski, Simon; Münster, Gernot; Montvay, István; Piemonte, Stefano; Scior, Philipp

2018-03-01

This talk summarizes the results of the DESY-Münster collaboration for N = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with the gauge group SU(3). It is an updated status report with respect to our preliminary data presented at the last conference. In order to control the lattice artefacts we have now considered a clover improved fermion action and different values of the gauge coupling.

The ϱ-ππ coupling constant in lattice gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gottlieb, Steven; MacKenzie, Paul B.; Thacker, H. B.; Weingarten, Don

1984-01-01

We present a method for studying hadronic transitions in lattice gauge theory which requires computer time comparable to that required by recent hadron spectrum calculations. This method is applied to a calculation of the decay ϱ-->ππ. On leave from the Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. Address after September 1, 1983: IBM, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.

Anomalies and gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mielke, Eckehard W.

Anomalies in Yang-Mills type gauge theories of gravity are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the relation between the Dirac spin, the axial current j5 and the non-covariant gauge spin C. Using diagrammatic techniques, we show that only generalizations of the U(1)- Pontrjagin four-form F and F = dC arise in the chiral anomaly, even when coupled to gravity. Implications for Ashtekar's canonical approach to quantum gravity are discussed.

The Higgs boson can delay reheating after inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freese, Katherine; Sfakianakis, Evangelos I.; Stengel, Patrick; Visinelli, Luca

2018-05-01

The Standard Model Higgs boson, which has previously been shown to develop an effective vacuum expectation value during inflation, can give rise to large particle masses during inflation and reheating, leading to temporary blocking of the reheating process and a lower reheat temperature after inflation. We study the effects on the multiple stages of reheating: resonant particle production (preheating) as well as perturbative decays from coherent oscillations of the inflaton field. Specifically, we study both the cases of the inflaton coupling to Standard Model fermions through Yukawa interactions as well as to Abelian gauge fields through a Chern-Simons term. We find that, in the case of perturbative inflaton decay to SM fermions, reheating can be delayed due to Higgs blocking and the reheat temperature can decrease by up to an order of magnitude. In the case of gauge-reheating, Higgs-generated masses of the gauge fields can suppress preheating even for large inflaton-gauge couplings. In extreme cases, preheating can be shut down completely and must be substituted by perturbative decay as the dominant reheating channel. Finally, we discuss the distribution of reheat temperatures in different Hubble patches, arising from the stochastic nature of the Higgs VEV during inflation and its implications for the generation of both adiabatic and isocurvature fluctuations.

Renormalization of Supersymmetric QCD on the Lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costa, Marios; Panagopoulos, Haralambos

2018-03-01

We perform a pilot study of the perturbative renormalization of a Supersymmetric gauge theory with matter fields on the lattice. As a specific example, we consider Supersymmetric N=1 QCD (SQCD). We study the self-energies of all particles which appear in this theory, as well as the renormalization of the coupling constant. To this end we compute, perturbatively to one-loop, the relevant two-point and three-point Green's functions using both dimensional and lattice regularizations. Our lattice formulation involves theWilson discretization for the gluino and quark fields; for gluons we employ the Wilson gauge action; for scalar fields (squarks) we use naive discretization. The gauge group that we consider is SU(Nc), while the number of colors, Nc, the number of flavors, Nf, and the gauge parameter, α, are left unspecified. We obtain analytic expressions for the renormalization factors of the coupling constant (Zg) and of the quark (ZΨ), gluon (Zu), gluino (Zλ), squark (ZA±), and ghost (Zc) fields on the lattice. We also compute the critical values of the gluino, quark and squark masses. Finally, we address the mixing which occurs among squark degrees of freedom beyond tree level: we calculate the corresponding mixing matrix which is necessary in order to disentangle the components of the squark field via an additional finite renormalization.

Deformations, moduli stabilisation and gauge couplings at one-loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honecker, Gabriele; Koltermann, Isabel; Staessens, Wieland

2017-04-01

We investigate deformations of Z_2 orbifold singularities on the toroidal orbifold {T}^6/(Z_2× Z_6) with discrete torsion in the framework of Type IIA orientifold model building with intersecting D6-branes wrapping special Lagrangian cycles. To this aim, we employ the hypersurface formalism developed previously for the orbifold {T}^6/(Z_2× Z_6) with discrete torsion and adapt it to the (Z_2× Z_6× Ω R) point group by modding out the remaining Z_3 subsymmetry and the orientifold projection Ω R. We first study the local behaviour of the Z_3× Ω R invariant deformation orbits under non-zero deformation and then develop methods to assess the deformation effects on the fractional three-cycle volumes globally. We confirm that D6-branes supporting USp(2 N) or SO(2 N) gauge groups do not constrain any deformation, while deformation parameters associated to cycles wrapped by D6-branes with U( N) gauge groups are constrained by D-term supersymmetry breaking. These features are exposed in global prototype MSSM, Left-Right symmetric and Pati-Salam models first constructed in [1, 2], for which we here count the number of stabilised moduli and study flat directions changing the values of some gauge couplings.

125 GeV Higgs boson mass from 5D gauge-Higgs unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carson, Jason; Okada, Nobuchika

2018-03-01

In the context of a simple gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) scenario based on the gauge group SU(3)×U(1)^' in a 5D flat space-time, we investigate the possibility of reproducing the observed Higgs boson mass of around 125 GeV. We introduce bulk fermion multiplets with a bulk mass and a (half-)periodic boundary condition. In our analysis, we adopt a low-energy effective theoretical approach of the GHU scenario, where the running Higgs quartic coupling is required to vanish at the compactification scale. Under this "gauge-Higgs condition," we investigate the renormalization group evolution of the Higgs quartic coupling and find a relation between the bulk mass and the compactification scale so as to reproduce the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass. Through quantum corrections at the one-loop level, the bulk fermions contribute to the Higgs boson production and decay processes and deviate the Higgs boson signal strengths at the Large Hadron Collider experiments from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. Employing the current experimental data that show that the Higgs boson signal strengths for a variety of Higgs decay modes are consistent with the SM predictions, we obtain lower mass bounds on the lightest mode of the bulk fermions to be around 1 TeV.

Supersymmetric QCD on the lattice: An exploratory study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costa, M.; Panagopoulos, H.

2017-08-01

We perform a pilot study of the perturbative renormalization of a supersymmetric gauge theory with matter fields on the lattice. As a specific example, we consider supersymmetric N =1 QCD (SQCD). We study the self-energies of all particles which appear in this theory, as well as the renormalization of the coupling constant. To this end we compute, perturbatively to one-loop, the relevant two-point and three-point Green's functions using both dimensional and lattice regularizations. Our lattice formulation involves the Wilson discretization for the gluino and quark fields; for gluons we employ the Wilson gauge action; for scalar fields (squarks) we use naïve discretization. The gauge group that we consider is S U (Nc), while the number of colors, Nc, the number of flavors, Nf, and the gauge parameter, α , are left unspecified. We obtain analytic expressions for the renormalization factors of the coupling constant (Zg) and of the quark (Zψ), gluon (Zu), gluino (Zλ), squark (ZA ±), and ghost (Zc) fields on the lattice. We also compute the critical values of the gluino, quark and squark masses. Finally, we address the mixing which occurs among squark degrees of freedom beyond tree level: we calculate the corresponding mixing matrix which is necessary in order to disentangle the components of the squark field via an additional finite renormalization.

Nonequilibrium Energy Transfer at Nanoscale: A Unified Theory from Weak to Strong Coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chen; Ren, Jie; Cao, Jianshu

2015-07-01

Unraveling the microscopic mechanism of quantum energy transfer across two-level systems provides crucial insights to the optimal design and potential applications of low-dimensional nanodevices. Here, we study the non-equilibrium spin-boson model as a minimal prototype and develop a fluctuation-decoupled quantum master equation approach that is valid ranging from the weak to the strong system-bath coupling regime. The exact expression of energy flux is analytically established, which dissects the energy transfer as multiple boson processes with even and odd parity. Our analysis provides a unified interpretation of several observations, including coherence-enhanced heat flux and negative differential thermal conductance. The results will have broad implications for the fine control of energy transfer in nano-structural devices.

A Search for WW$$\\gamma$$ and WZ$$\\gamma$$ Triboson Production and Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 and 13~TeV within the Compact Muon Solenoid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faulkner, James

2016-01-01

An analysis probing for the standard model production of three electroweak vector bosons, WVmore » $$\\gamma$$ with V = W or Z gauge boson, is presented. The W boson decays leptonically to an electron or muon, or their respective antiparticle, paired with the appropriate neutrino. The second boson V decays hadronically into two jets, and additionally a photon is required in the event. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6~fb$$^{-1}$$ and 2.3~fb$$^{-1}$$ from proton-proton collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8~TeV and 13~TeV, respectively, collected in 2012 and 2015 by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The event selection criteria used in these analyses yields 322 and 46 observed events in data in 2012 and 2015, respectively, while the estimated background yield from theoretical predictions is 342.1~$$\\pm$$~22.2 and 54.3~$$\\pm$$~17.7. These observations are consistent with the standard model next-to-leading order QCD predictions. Given the limitation in statistics to measure the cross section for this production process, an upper limit of 3.4 times the standard model predictions is made at a 95\\% confidence level for WV$$\\gamma$$ with photon $$p_{T}$$ greater than 30~GeV and absolute pseudorapidity less than 1.44. Physics beyond the standard model, such as anomalous couplings between the gauge bosons at the quartic vertex, may lead to enhancement in the number of WV$$\\gamma$$ events produced within high energy collisions. Such enhancements can be observed in kinematic distributions, particularly in the higher energy regions. No evidence of anomalous WW$$\\gamma\\gamma$$ and WWZ$$\\gamma$$ quartic gauge boson couplings is found, while 95\\% confidence level upper limits are obtained for various couplings.« less

Dark matter cosmic string in the gravitational field of a black hole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakonieczny, Łukasz; Nakonieczna, Anna; Rogatko, Marek

2018-03-01

We examined analytically and proposed a numerical model of an Abelian Higgs dark matter vortex in the spacetime of a stationary axisymmetric Kerr black hole. In analytical calculations the dark matter sector was modeled by an addition of a U(1)-gauge field coupled to the visible sector. The backreaction analysis revealed that the impact of the dark vortex presence is far more complicated than causing only a deficit angle. The vortex causes an ergosphere shift and the event horizon velocity is also influenced by its presence. These phenomena are more significant than in the case of a visible vortex sector. The area of the event horizon of a black hole is diminished and this decline is larger in comparison to the Kerr black hole with an Abelian Higgs vortex case. After analyzing the gravitational properties for the general setup, we focused on the subset of models that are motivated by particle physics. We retained the Abelian Higgs model as a description of the dark matter sector (this sector contained a heavy dark photon and an additional complex scalar) and added a real scalar representing the real component of the Higgs doublet in the unitary gauge, as well as an additional U(1)-gauge field representing an ordinary electromagnetic field. Moreover, we considered two coupling channels between the visible and dark sectors, which were the kinetic mixing between the gauge fields and a quartic coupling between the scalar fields. After solving the equations of motion for the matter fields numerically we analyzed properties of the cosmic string in the dark matter sector and its influence on the visible sector fields that are directly coupled to it. We found out that the presence of the cosmic string induced spatial variation in the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field and a nonzero electromagnetic field around the black hole.

A four-dimensional model with the fermionic determinant exactly evaluated

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mignaco, J. A.; Rego Monteiro, M. A.

1986-07-01

A method is presented to compute the fermion determinant of some class of field theories. By this method the following results of the fermion determinant in two dimensions are easily recovered: (i) Schwinger model without reference to a particular gauge. (ii) QCD in the light-cone gauge. (iii) Gauge invariant result of QCD. The method is finally applied to give an analytical solution of the fermion determinant of a four-dimensional, non-abelian, Dirac-like theory with massless fermions interacting with an external vector field through a pseudo-vectorial coupling. Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil.

A unified heteronuclear decoupling strategy for magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Equbal, Asif; Bjerring, Morten; Nielsen, Niels Chr., E-mail: madhu@tifr.res.in, E-mail: ncn@inano.au.dk

2015-05-14

A unified strategy of two-pulse based heteronuclear decoupling for solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance is presented. The analysis presented here shows that different decoupling sequences like two-pulse phase-modulation (TPPM), X-inverse-X (XiX), and finite pulse refocused continuous wave (rCW{sup A}) are basically specific solutions of a more generalized decoupling scheme which incorporates the concept of time-modulation along with phase-modulation. A plethora of other good decoupling conditions apart from the standard, TPPM, XiX, and rCW{sup A} decoupling conditions are available from the unified decoupling approach. The importance of combined time- and phase-modulation in order to achieve the best decoupling conditions ismore » delineated. The consequences of different indirect dipolar interactions arising from cross terms comprising of heteronuclear and homonuclear dipolar coupling terms and also those between heteronuclear dipolar coupling and chemical-shift anisotropy terms are presented in order to unfold the effects of anisotropic interactions under different decoupling conditions. Extensive numerical simulation results are corroborated with experiments on standard amino acids.« less

Design of Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality Disturbances using Simulink

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumaraswamy, G.; Reddy, Y. Rajasekhar; Harikrishna, Ch.

2012-10-01

Proliferation of electronic equipment in commercial and industrial processes has resulted in increasingly sensitive electrical loads to be fed from power distribution system which introduce contamination to voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling of industrial loads. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is connected between two different feeders (lines), hence this method of connection of the UPQC is called as Interline UPQC (IUPQC).This paper proposes a new connection for a UPQC to improve the power quality of two feeders in a distribution system. Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC), specifically aims at the integration of series VSC and Shunt VSC to provide high quality power supply by means of voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic elimination and power factor correction in a power distribution network, so that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The structure, control and capability of the IUPQC are discussed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed configuration has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

Globally baryon symmetric cosmology, GUT spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the structure of the universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stecker, F. W.; Brown, R. W.

1979-01-01

Grand unified theories (GUT) such as SU(5), with spontaneous symmetry breaking, can lead more naturally to a globally baryon symmetric big bang cosmology with a domain structure than to a totally asymmetric cosmology. The symmetry is broken at random in causally independent domains, favoring neither a baryon nor an antibaryon excess on a universal scale. Because of the additional freedom in the high-energy physics allowed by such GUT gauge theories, new observational tests may be possible. Arguments in favor of this cosmology and various observational tests are discussed.

Gauge covariance of the fermion Schwinger–Dyson equation in QED

DOE PAGES

Jia, Shaoyang; Pennington, Michael R.

2017-03-27

Any practical application of the Schwinger–Dyson equations to the study of n-point Green's functions in a strong coupling field theory requires truncations. In the case of QED, the gauge covariance, governed by the Landau–Khalatnikov–Fradkin transformations (LKFT), provides a unique constraint on such truncation. Here, by using a spectral representation for the massive fermion propagator in QED, we are able to show that the constraints imposed by the LKFT are linear operations on the spectral densities. We formally define these group operations and show with a couple of examples how in practice they provide a straightforward way to test the gaugemore » covariance of any viable truncation of the Schwinger–Dyson equation for the fermion 2-point function.« less

Exact Correlation Functions in S U (2 ) N =2 Superconformal QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baggio, Marco; Niarchos, Vasilis; Papadodimas, Kyriakos

2014-12-01

We report an exact solution of 2- and 3-point functions of chiral primary fields in S U (2 ) N =2 super-Yang-Mills theory coupled to four hypermultiplets. It is shown that these correlation functions are nontrivial functions of the gauge coupling, obeying differential equations which take the form of the semi-infinite Toda chain. We solve these equations recursively in terms of the Zamolodchikov metric that can be determined exactly from supersymmetric localization on the four-sphere. Our results are verified independently in perturbation theory with a Feynman diagram computation up to 2 loops. This is a short version of a companion paper that contains detailed technical remarks, additional material, and aspects of an extension to the S U (N ) gauge group.

On the gauge chosen by the bosonic open string

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pesando, Igor

2017-05-01

String theory gives S matrix elements from which is not possible to read any gauge information. Using factorization we go off shell in the simplest and most naive way and we read which are the vertices suggested by string. To compare with the associated Effective Field Theory it is natural to use color ordered vertices. The α‧ = 0 color ordered vertices suggested by string theory are more efficient than the usual ones since the three gluon color ordered vertex has three terms instead of six and the four gluon one has one term instead of three. They are written in the so called Gervais-Neveu gauge. The full Effective Field Theory is in a generalization of the Gervais-Neveu gauge with α‧ corrections. Moreover a field redefinition is required to be mapped to the field used by string theory. We also give an intuitive way of understanding why string choose this gauge in terms of the minimal number of couplings necessary to reproduce the non-abelian amplitudes starting from color ordered ones.

Bottom-quark forward-backward asymmetry, dark matter, and the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Da; Liu, Jia; Wagner, Carlos E. M.; Wang, Xiao-Ping

2018-03-01

The LEP experiment at CERN provided accurate measurements of the Z neutral gauge boson properties. Although all measurements agree well with the standard model (SM) predictions, the forward backward asymmetry of the bottom-quark remains almost 3 σ away from the SM value. We proposed that this anomaly may be explained by the existence of a new U (1 )D gauge boson, which couples with opposite charges to the right-handed components of the bottom and charm quarks. Cancellation of gauge anomalies demands the presence of a vector-like singlet charged lepton as well as a neutral Dirac (or Majorana) particle that provides a dark matter candidate. Constraints from precision measurements imply that the mass of the new gauge boson should be around 115 GeV. We discuss the experimental constraints on this scenario, including the existence of a di-jet resonance excess at an invariant mass similar to the mass of this new gauge boson, observed in boosted topologies at the CMS experiment.

Heavy quark free energy in QCD and in gauge theories with gravity duals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noronha, Jorge

2010-09-01

Recent lattice results in pure glue SU(3) theory at high temperatures have shown that the expectation value of the renormalized Polyakov loop approaches its asymptotic limit at high temperatures from above. We show that this implies that the “heavy quark free energy” obtained from the renormalized loop computed on the lattice does not behave like a true thermodynamic free energy. While this should be expected to occur in asymptotically free gauge theories such as QCD, we use the gauge/string duality to show that in a large class of strongly coupled gauge theories with nontrivial UV fixed points the Polyakov loop reaches its asymptotic value from above only if the dimension of the relevant operator used to deform the conformal field theory is greater than or equal to 3.

Adiabatic regularization for gauge fields and the conformal anomaly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Chong-Sun; Koyama, Yoji

2017-03-01

Adiabatic regularization for quantum field theory in conformally flat spacetime is known for scalar and Dirac fermion fields. In this paper, we complete the construction by establishing the adiabatic regularization scheme for the gauge field. We show that the adiabatic expansion for the mode functions and the adiabatic vacuum can be defined in a similar way using Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-type (WKB-type) solutions as the scalar fields. As an application of the adiabatic method, we compute the trace of the energy momentum tensor and reproduce the known result for the conformal anomaly obtained by the other regularization methods. The availability of the adiabatic expansion scheme for the gauge field allows one to study various renormalized physical quantities of theories coupled to (non-Abelian) gauge fields in conformally flat spacetime, such as conformal supersymmetric Yang Mills, inflation, and cosmology.

Perturbative quantum gravity as a double copy of gauge theory.

PubMed

Bern, Zvi; Carrasco, John Joseph M; Johansson, Henrik

2010-08-06

In a previous paper we observed that (classical) tree-level gauge-theory amplitudes can be rearranged to display a duality between color and kinematics. Once this is imposed, gravity amplitudes are obtained using two copies of gauge-theory diagram numerators. Here we conjecture that this duality persists to all quantum loop orders and can thus be used to obtain multiloop gravity amplitudes easily from gauge-theory ones. As a nontrivial test, we show that the three-loop four-point amplitude of N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory can be arranged into a form satisfying the duality, and by taking double copies of the diagram numerators we obtain the corresponding amplitude of N=8 supergravity. We also remark on a nonsupersymmetric two-loop test based on pure Yang-Mills theory resulting in gravity coupled to an antisymmetric tensor and dilaton.

Non-integrable dynamics of matter-wave solitons in a density-dependent gauge theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dingwall, R. J.; Edmonds, M. J.; Helm, J. L.; Malomed, B. A.; Öhberg, P.

2018-04-01

We study interactions between bright matter-wave solitons which acquire chiral transport dynamics due to an optically-induced density-dependent gauge potential. Through numerical simulations, we find that the collision dynamics feature several non-integrable phenomena, from inelastic collisions including population transfer and radiation losses to the formation of short-lived bound states and soliton fission. An effective quasi-particle model for the interaction between the solitons is derived by means of a variational approximation, which demonstrates that the inelastic nature of the collision arises from a coupling of the gauge field to velocities of the solitons. In addition, we derive a set of interaction potentials which show that the influence of the gauge field appears as a short-range potential, that can give rise to both attractive and repulsive interactions.

Linear perturbations in spherically symmetric dust cosmologies including a cosmological constant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Sven; Bartelmann, Matthias

2017-12-01

We study the dynamical behaviour of gauge-invariant linear perturbations in spherically symmetric dust cosmologies including a cosmological constant. In contrast to spatially homogeneous FLRW models, the reduced degree of spatial symmetry causes a non-trivial dynamical coupling of gauge-invariant quantities already at first order perturbation theory and the strength and influence of this coupling on the spacetime evolution is investigated here. We present results on the underlying dynamical equations augmented by a cosmological constant and integrate them numerically. We also present a method to derive cosmologically relevant initial variables for this setup. Estimates of angular power spectra for each metric variable are computed and evaluated on the central observer's past null cone. By comparing the full evolution to the freely evolved initial profiles, the coupling strength will be determined for a best fit radially inhomogeneous patch obtained in previous works (see [1]). We find that coupling effects are not noticeable within the cosmic variance limit and can therefore safely be neglected for a relevant cosmological scenario. On the contrary, we find very strong coupling effects in a best fit spherical void model matching the distance redshift relation of SNe which is in accordance with previous findings using parametric void models.

New potentials for conformal mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papadopoulos, G.

2013-04-01

We find under some mild assumptions that the most general potential of one-dimensional conformal systems with time-independent couplings is expressed as V = V0 + V1, where V0 is a homogeneous function with respect to a homothetic motion in configuration space and V1 is determined from an equation with source a homothetic potential. Such systems admit at most an SL(2,{R}) conformal symmetry which, depending on the couplings, is embedded in {Diff}({R}) in three different ways. In one case, SL(2,{R}) is also embedded in Diff(S1). Examples of such models include those with potential V = αx2 + βx-2 for arbitrary couplings α and β, the Calogero models with harmonic oscillator couplings and nonlinear models with suitable metrics and potentials. In addition, we give the conditions on the couplings for a class of gauge theories to admit a SL(2,{R}) conformal symmetry. We present examples of such systems with general gauge groups and global symmetries that include the isometries of AdS2 × S3 and AdS2 × S3 × S3 which arise as backgrounds in AdS2/CFT1.

FIMP dark matter freeze-in gauge mediation and hidden sector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsao, Kuo-Hsing

2018-07-01

We explore the dark matter freeze-in mechanism within the gauge mediation framework, which involves a hidden feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP) coupling feebly with the messenger fields while the messengers are still in the thermal bath. The FIMP is the fermionic component of the pseudo-moduli in a generic metastable supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking model and resides in the hidden sector. The relic abundance and the mass of the FIMP are determined by the SUSY breaking scale and the feeble coupling. The gravitino, which is the canonical dark matter candidate in the gauge mediation framework, contributes to the dark matter relic abundance along with the freeze-in of the FIMP. The hidden sector thus becomes two-component with both the FIMP and gravitino lodging in the SUSY breaking hidden sector. We point out that the ratio between the FIMP and the gravitino is determined by how SUSY breaking is communicated to the messengers. In particular when the FIMP dominates the hidden sector, the gravitino becomes the minor contributor in the hidden sector. Meanwhile, the neutralino is assumed to be both the weakly interacting massive particle dark matter candidate in the freeze-out mechanism and the lightest observable SUSY particle. We further find out the neutralino has the sub-leading contribution to the current dark matter relic density in the parameter space of our freeze-in gauge mediation model. Our result links the SUSY breaking scale in the gauge mediation framework with the FIMP freeze-in production rate leading to a natural and predicting scenario for the studies of the dark matter in the hidden sector.

Higher derivative couplings in theories with sixteen supersymmetries

DOE PAGES

Lin, Ying -Hsuan; Shao, Shu -Heng; Yin, Xi; ...

2015-12-15

We give simple arguments for new non-renormalization theorems on higher derivative couplings of gauge theories to supergravity, with sixteen supersymmetries, by considerations of brane-bulk superamplitudes. This leads to some exact results on the effective coupling of D3-branes in type IIB string theory. As a result, we also derive exact results on higher dimensional operators in the torus compactification of the six dimensional (0, 2) superconformal theory.

On scalar and vector fields coupled to the energy-momentum tensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiménez, Jose Beltrán; Cembranos, Jose A. R.; Sánchez Velázquez, Jose M.

2018-05-01

We consider theories for scalar and vector fields coupled to the energy-momentum tensor. Since these fields also carry a non-trivial energy-momentum tensor, the coupling prescription generates self-interactions. In analogy with gravity theories, we build the action by means of an iterative process that leads to an infinite series, which can be resumed as the solution of a set of differential equations. We show that, in some particular cases, the equations become algebraic and that is also possible to find solutions in the form of polynomials. We briefly review the case of the scalar field that has already been studied in the literature and extend the analysis to the case of derivative (disformal) couplings. We then explore theories with vector fields, distinguishing between gauge-and non-gauge-invariant couplings. Interactions with matter are also considered, taking a scalar field as a proxy for the matter sector. We also discuss the ambiguity introduced by superpotential (boundary) terms in the definition of the energy-momentum tensor and use them to show that it is also possible to generate Galileon-like interactions with this procedure. We finally use collider and astrophysical observations to set constraints on the dimensionful coupling which characterises the phenomenology of these models.

Controlled calculation of the thermal conductivity for a spinon Fermi surface coupled to a U(1) gauge field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freire, Hermann, E-mail: hfreire@mit.edu

2014-10-15

Motivated by recent transport measurements on the candidate spin-liquid phase of the organic triangular lattice insulator EtMe{sub 3}Sb[Pd(dmit){sub 2}]{sub 2}, we perform a controlled calculation of the thermal conductivity at intermediate temperatures in a spin liquid system where a spinon Fermi surface is coupled to a U(1) gauge field. The present computation builds upon the double expansion approach developed by Mross et al. (2010) for small ϵ=z{sub b}−2 (where z{sub b} is the dynamical critical exponent of the gauge field) and large number of fermionic species N. Using the so-called memory matrix formalism that most crucially does not assume the existencemore » of well-defined quasiparticles at low energies in the system, we calculate the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity κ of this model due to non-critical Umklapp scattering of the spinons for a finite N and small ϵ. Then we discuss the physical implications of such theoretical result in connection with the experimental data available in the literature.« less

Interfacial gauge methods for incompressible fluid dynamics

PubMed Central

Saye, Robert

2016-01-01

Designing numerical methods for incompressible fluid flow involving moving interfaces, for example, in the computational modeling of bubble dynamics, swimming organisms, or surface waves, presents challenges due to the coupling of interfacial forces with incompressibility constraints. A class of methods, denoted interfacial gauge methods, is introduced for computing solutions to the corresponding incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These methods use a type of “gauge freedom” to reduce the numerical coupling between fluid velocity, pressure, and interface position, allowing high-order accurate numerical methods to be developed more easily. Making use of an implicit mesh discontinuous Galerkin framework, developed in tandem with this work, high-order results are demonstrated, including surface tension dynamics in which fluid velocity, pressure, and interface geometry are computed with fourth-order spatial accuracy in the maximum norm. Applications are demonstrated with two-phase fluid flow displaying fine-scaled capillary wave dynamics, rigid body fluid-structure interaction, and a fluid-jet free surface flow problem exhibiting vortex shedding induced by a type of Plateau-Rayleigh instability. The developed methods can be generalized to other types of interfacial flow and facilitate precise computation of complex fluid interface phenomena. PMID:27386567

SU(6) GUT breaking on a projective plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anandakrishnan, Archana; Raby, Stuart

2013-03-01

We consider a 6-dimensional supersymmetric SU(6) gauge theory and compactify two extra-dimensions on a multiply-connected manifold with non-trivial topology. The SU(6) is broken down to the Standard Model gauge groups in two steps by an orbifold projection, followed by a Wilson line. The Higgs doublets of the low energy electroweak theory come from a chiral adjoint of SU(6). We thus have gauge-Higgs unification. The three families of the Standard Model can either be located in the 6D bulk or at 4D N=1 supersymmetric fixed points. We calculate the Kaluza-Klein spectrum of states arising as a result of the orbifolding. We also calculate the threshold corrections to the coupling constants due to this tower of states at the lowest compactification scale. We study the regions of parameter space of this model where the threshold corrections are consistent with low energy physics. We find that the couplings receive only logarithmic corrections at all scales. This feature can be attributed to the large N=2 6D SUSY of the underlying model.

Sparticle spectroscopy of the minimal SO(10) model

DOE PAGES

Fukuyama, Takeshi; Okada, Nobuchika; Tran, Hieu Minh

2017-02-14

Here, the supersymmetric (SUSY) minimal SO(10) model is a well-motivated grand unified theory, where the Standard Model (SM) fermions have Yukawa couplings with only one 10-plet and onemore » $$\\overline{126}$$-plet Higgs fields and it is highly non-trivial if the realistic quark and lepton mass matrices can be reproduced in this context. It has been known that the best fit for all the SM fermion mass matrices is achieved by a vacuum expectation value of the $$\\overline{126}$$-plet Higgs field being at the intermediate scale of around O(10 13) GeV. Under the presence of the SO(10) symmetry breaking at the intermediate scale, the successful SM gauge coupling unification is at risk and likely to be spoiled. Recently, it has been shown that the low-energy fermion mass matrices, except for the down-quark mass predicted to be too low, are very well-fitted without the intermediate scale. In order to resolve the too-low down quark mass while keeping the other fittings intact, we consider SUSY threshold corrections to reproduce the right down quark mass. It turns out that this requires flavor-dependent soft parameters. Motivated by this fact, we calculate particle mass spectra at low energies with flavor-dependent sfermion masses at the grand unification scale. We present a benchmark particle mass spectrum which satisfies a variety of phenomenological constraints, in particular, the observed SM-like Higgs boson mass of around 125 GeV and the relic abundance of the neutralino dark matter as well as the experimental result of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. In the resultant mass spectrum, sleptons in the first and second generations, bino and winos are all light, and this scenario can be tested at the LHC Run-2 in the near future.« less

Nonequilibrium Energy Transfer at Nanoscale: A Unified Theory from Weak to Strong Coupling

PubMed Central

Wang, Chen; Ren, Jie; Cao, Jianshu

2015-01-01

Unraveling the microscopic mechanism of quantum energy transfer across two-level systems provides crucial insights to the optimal design and potential applications of low-dimensional nanodevices. Here, we study the non-equilibrium spin-boson model as a minimal prototype and develop a fluctuation-decoupled quantum master equation approach that is valid ranging from the weak to the strong system-bath coupling regime. The exact expression of energy flux is analytically established, which dissects the energy transfer as multiple boson processes with even and odd parity. Our analysis provides a unified interpretation of several observations, including coherence-enhanced heat flux and negative differential thermal conductance. The results will have broad implications for the fine control of energy transfer in nano-structural devices. PMID:26152705

Centrally managed unified shared virtual address space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilkes, John

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for managing a unified shared virtual address space. A host may execute system software and manage a plurality of nodes coupled to the host. The host may send work tasks to the nodes, and for each node, the host may externally manage the node's view of the system's virtual address space. Each node may have a central processing unit (CPU) style memory management unit (MMU) with an internal translation lookaside buffer (TLB). In one embodiment, the host may be coupled to a given node via an input/output memory management unit (IOMMU) interface, where the IOMMU frontendmore » interface shares the TLB with the given node's MMU. In another embodiment, the host may control the given node's view of virtual address space via memory-mapped control registers.« less

Unifying Concepts in Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Endocrine Cells and Some Implications for Therapeutics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Misler, Stanley

2009-01-01

Stimulus-secretion coupling (SSC) in endocrine cells remains underappreciated as a subject for the study/teaching of general physiology. In the present article, we review key new electrophysiological, electrochemical, and fluorescence optical techniques for the study of exocytosis in single cells that have made this a fertile area for recent…

Extending flood forecasting lead time in a large watershed by coupling WRF QPF with a distributed hydrological model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ji; Chen, Yangbo; Wang, Huanyu; Qin, Jianming; Li, Jie; Chiao, Sen

2017-03-01

Long lead time flood forecasting is very important for large watershed flood mitigation as it provides more time for flood warning and emergency responses. The latest numerical weather forecast model could provide 1-15-day quantitative precipitation forecasting products in grid format, and by coupling this product with a distributed hydrological model could produce long lead time watershed flood forecasting products. This paper studied the feasibility of coupling the Liuxihe model with the Weather Research and Forecasting quantitative precipitation forecast (WRF QPF) for large watershed flood forecasting in southern China. The QPF of WRF products has three lead times, including 24, 48 and 72 h, with the grid resolution being 20 km  × 20 km. The Liuxihe model is set up with freely downloaded terrain property; the model parameters were previously optimized with rain gauge observed precipitation, and re-optimized with the WRF QPF. Results show that the WRF QPF has bias with the rain gauge precipitation, and a post-processing method is proposed to post-process the WRF QPF products, which improves the flood forecasting capability. With model parameter re-optimization, the model's performance improves also. This suggests that the model parameters be optimized with QPF, not the rain gauge precipitation. With the increasing of lead time, the accuracy of the WRF QPF decreases, as does the flood forecasting capability. Flood forecasting products produced by coupling the Liuxihe model with the WRF QPF provide a good reference for large watershed flood warning due to its long lead time and rational results.

Electric-magnetic dualities in non-abelian and non-commutative gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Jun-Kai; Ma, Chen-Te

2016-08-01

Electric-magnetic dualities are equivalence between strong and weak coupling constants. A standard example is the exchange of electric and magnetic fields in an abelian gauge theory. We show three methods to perform electric-magnetic dualities in the case of the non-commutative U (1) gauge theory. The first method is to use covariant field strengths to be the electric and magnetic fields. We find an invariant form of an equation of motion after performing the electric-magnetic duality. The second method is to use the Seiberg-Witten map to rewrite the non-commutative U (1) gauge theory in terms of abelian field strength. The third method is to use the large Neveu Schwarz-Neveu Schwarz (NS-NS) background limit (non-commutativity parameter only has one degree of freedom) to consider the non-commutative U (1) gauge theory or D3-brane. In this limit, we introduce or dualize a new one-form gauge potential to get a D3-brane in a large Ramond-Ramond (R-R) background via field redefinition. We also use perturbation to study the equivalence between two D3-brane theories. Comparison of these methods in the non-commutative U (1) gauge theory gives different physical implications. The comparison reflects the differences between the non-abelian and non-commutative gauge theories in the electric-magnetic dualities. For a complete study, we also extend our studies to the simplest abelian and non-abelian p-form gauge theories, and a non-commutative theory with the non-abelian structure.

On lattice chiral gauge theories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maiani, L.; Rossi, G. C.; Testa, M.

1991-01-01

The Smit-Swift-Aoki formulation of a lattice chiral gauge theory is presented. In this formulation the Wilson and other non invariant terms in the action are made gauge invariant by the coupling with a nonlinear auxilary scalar field, omega. It is shown that omega decouples from the physical states only if appropriate parameters are tuned so as to satisfy a set of BRST identities. In addition, explicit ghost fields are necessary to ensure decoupling. These theories can give rise to the correct continuum limit. Similar considerations apply to schemes with mirror fermions. Simpler cases with a global chiral symmetry are discussed and it is shown that the theory becomes free at decoupling. Recent numerical simulations agree with those considerations.

Gauge mediation scenario with hidden sector renormalization in MSSM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arai, Masato; Kawai, Shinsuke; Okada, Nobuchika

2010-02-01

We study the hidden sector effects on the mass renormalization of a simplest gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking scenario. We point out that possible hidden sector contributions render the soft scalar masses smaller, resulting in drastically different sparticle mass spectrum at low energy. In particular, in the 5+5¯ minimal gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with high messenger scale (that is favored by the gravitino cold dark matter scenario), we show that a stau can be the next lightest superparticle for moderate values of hidden sector self-coupling. This provides a very simple theoretical model of long-lived charged next lightest superparticles, which imply distinctive signals in ongoing and upcoming collider experiments.

A note on local BRST cohomology of Yang-Mills type theories with free Abelian factors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnich, Glenn; Boulanger, Nicolas

2018-05-01

We extend previous work on antifield dependent local Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) cohomology for matter coupled gauge theories of Yang-Mills type to the case of gauge groups that involve free Abelian factors. More precisely, we first investigate in a model independent way how the dynamics enters the computation of the cohomology for a general class of Lagrangians in general spacetime dimensions. We then discuss explicit solutions in the case of specific models. Our analysis has implications for the structure of characteristic cohomology and for consistent deformations of the classical models, as well as for divergences/counterterms and for gauge anomalies that may appear during perturbative quantization.

Inelastic black hole scattering from charged scalar amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luna, Andrés; Nicholson, Isobel; O'Connell, Donal; White, Chris D.

2018-03-01

We explain how the lowest-order classical gravitational radiation produced during the inelastic scattering of two Schwarzschild black holes in General Relativity can be obtained from a tree scattering amplitude in gauge theory coupled to scalar fields. The gauge calculation is related to gravity through the double copy. We remove unwanted scalar forces which can occur in the double copy by introducing a massless scalar in the gauge theory, which is treated as a ghost in the link to gravity. We hope these methods are a step towards a direct application of the double copy at higher orders in classical perturbation theory, with the potential to greatly streamline gravity calculations for phenomenological applications.

Effective field theory of statistical anisotropies for primordial bispectrum and gravitational waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rostami, Tahereh; Karami, Asieh; Firouzjahi, Hassan, E-mail: t.rostami@ipm.ir, E-mail: karami@ipm.ir, E-mail: firouz@ipm.ir

2017-06-01

We present the effective field theory studies of primordial statistical anisotropies in models of anisotropic inflation. The general action in unitary gauge is presented to calculate the leading interactions between the gauge field fluctuations, the curvature perturbations and the tensor perturbations. The anisotropies in scalar power spectrum and bispectrum are calculated and the dependence of these anisotropies to EFT couplings are presented. In addition, we calculate the statistical anisotropy in tensor power spectrum and the scalar-tensor cross correlation. Our EFT approach incorporates anisotropies generated in models with non-trivial speed for the gauge field fluctuations and sound speed for scalar perturbationsmore » such as in DBI inflation.« less

Symmetry enhancement of extremal horizons in D  =  5 supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kayani, U.

2018-06-01

We consider the near-horizon geometry of supersymmetric extremal black holes in un-gauged and gauged 5-dimensional supergravity, coupled to abelian vector multiplets. By analyzing the global properties of the Killing spinors, we prove that the near-horizon geometries undergo a supersymmetry enhancement. This follows from a set of generalized Lichnerowicz-type theorems we establish, together with an index theory argument. As a consequence, these solutions always admit a symmetry group.

The light bound states of N=1 supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Sajid; Bergner, Georg; Gerber, Henning; Giudice, Pietro; Montvay, Istvan; Münster, Gernot; Piemonte, Stefano; Scior, Philipp

2018-03-01

In this article we summarise our results from numerical simulations of N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(3). We use the formulation of Curci and Veneziano with clover-improved Wilson fermions. The masses of various bound states have been obtained at different values of the gluino mass and gauge coupling. Extrapolations to the limit of vanishing gluino mass indicate that the bound states form mass-degenerate supermultiplets.

Study of. lambda. parameters and crossover phenomena in SU(N) x SU(N) sigma models in two dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shigemitsu, J; Kogut, J B

1981-01-01

The spin system analogues of recent studies of the string tension and ..lambda.. parameters of SU(N) gauge theories in 4 dimensions are carried out for the SU(N) x SU(N) and O(N) models in 2 dimensions. The relations between the ..lambda.. parameters of both the Euclidean and Hamiltonian formulation of the lattice models and the ..lambda.. parameter of the continuum models are obtained. The one loop finite renormalization of the speed of light in the lattice Hamiltonian formulations of the O(N) and SU(N) x SU(N) models is calculated. Strong coupling calculations of the mass gaps of these spin models are donemore » for all N and the constants of proportionality between the gap and the ..lambda.. parameter of the continuum models are obtained. These results are contrasted with similar calculations for the SU(N) gauge models in 3+1 dimensions. Identifying suitable coupling constants for discussing the N ..-->.. infinity limits, the numerical results suggest that the crossover from weak to strong coupling in the lattice O(N) models becomes less abrupt as N increases while the crossover for the SU(N) x SU(N) models becomes more abrupt. The crossover in SU(N) gauge theories also becomes more abrupt with increasing N, however, at an even greater rate than in the SU(N) x SU(N) spin models.« less

Scattering amplitudes in $$\\mathcal{N}=2 $$ Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chiodaroli, Marco; Gunaydin, Murat; Johansson, Henrik

We expose a double-copy structure in the scattering amplitudes of the generic Jordan family of N = 2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories in four and five dimensions. The Maxwell-Einstein supergravity amplitudes are obtained through the color/kinematics duality as a product of two gauge-theory factors; one originating from pure N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory and the other from the dimensional reduction of a bosonic higher-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory. We identify a specific symplectic frame in four dimensions for which the on-shell fields and amplitudes from the double-copy construction can be identified with the ones obtained from the supergravity Lagrangian andmore » Feynman-rule computations. The Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories are obtained by gauging a compact subgroup of the isometry group of their Maxwell-Einstein counterparts. For the generic Jordan family this process is identified with the introduction of cubic scalar couplings on the bosonic gauge-theory side, which through the double copy are responsible for the non-abelian vector interactions in the supergravity theory. As a demonstration of the power of this structure, we present explicit computations at treelevel and one loop. Lastly, the double-copy construction allows us to obtain compact expressions for the supergravity superamplitudes, which are naturally organized as polynomials in the gauge coupling constant.« less

Scattering amplitudes in $$\\mathcal{N}=2 $$ Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity

DOE PAGES

Chiodaroli, Marco; Gunaydin, Murat; Johansson, Henrik; ...

2015-01-15

We expose a double-copy structure in the scattering amplitudes of the generic Jordan family of N = 2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories in four and five dimensions. The Maxwell-Einstein supergravity amplitudes are obtained through the color/kinematics duality as a product of two gauge-theory factors; one originating from pure N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory and the other from the dimensional reduction of a bosonic higher-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory. We identify a specific symplectic frame in four dimensions for which the on-shell fields and amplitudes from the double-copy construction can be identified with the ones obtained from the supergravity Lagrangian andmore » Feynman-rule computations. The Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories are obtained by gauging a compact subgroup of the isometry group of their Maxwell-Einstein counterparts. For the generic Jordan family this process is identified with the introduction of cubic scalar couplings on the bosonic gauge-theory side, which through the double copy are responsible for the non-abelian vector interactions in the supergravity theory. As a demonstration of the power of this structure, we present explicit computations at treelevel and one loop. Lastly, the double-copy construction allows us to obtain compact expressions for the supergravity superamplitudes, which are naturally organized as polynomials in the gauge coupling constant.« less

A simple model of low-scale direct gauge mediation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Csáki, Csaba; Shirman, Yuri; Terning, John

2007-05-01

We construct a calculable model of low-energy direct gauge mediation making use of the metastable supersymmetry breaking vacua recently discovered by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih. The standard model gauge group is a subgroup of the global symmetries of the SUSY breaking sector and messengers play an essential role in dynamical SUSY breaking: they are composites of a confining gauge theory, and the holomorphic scalar messenger mass appears as a consequence of the confining dynamics. The SUSY breaking scale is around 100 TeV nevertheless the model is calculable. The minimal non-renormalizable coupling of the Higgs to the DSB sector leads in a simple way to a μ-term, while the B-term arises at two-loop order resulting in a moderately large tan β. A novel feature of this class of models is that some particles from the dynamical SUSY breaking sector may be accessible at the LHC.

Unification and new particles at the LHC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew

Precision gauge coupling uni cation is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this study we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with uni cation, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and con ne quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned andmore » minimally split supersymmetry, the con ning dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.« less

Unification and new particles at the LHC

DOE PAGES

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; D’Agnolo, Raffaele Tito; Low, Matthew; ...

2016-11-14

Precision gauge coupling uni cation is one of the primary quantitative successes of low energy or split supersymmetry. Preserving this success puts severe restrictions on possible matter and gauge sectors that might appear at collider-accessible energies. In this study we enumerate new gauge sectors which are compatible with uni cation, consisting of horizontal gauge groups acting on vector-like matter charged under the Standard Model. Interestingly, almost all of these theories are in the supersymmetric conformal window at high energies and con ne quickly after the superpartners are decoupled. For a range of scalar masses compatible with both moderately tuned andmore » minimally split supersymmetry, the con ning dynamics happen at the multi-TeV scale, leading to a spectrum of multiple spin-0 and spin-1 resonances accessible to the LHC, with unusual quantum numbers and striking decay patterns.« less

A gauge-theoretic approach to gravity.

PubMed

Krasnov, Kirill

2012-08-08

Einstein's general relativity (GR) is a dynamical theory of the space-time metric. We describe an approach in which GR becomes an SU(2) gauge theory. We start at the linearized level and show how a gauge-theoretic Lagrangian for non-interacting massless spin two particles (gravitons) takes a much more simple and compact form than in the standard metric description. Moreover, in contrast to the GR situation, the gauge theory Lagrangian is convex. We then proceed with a formulation of the full nonlinear theory. The equivalence to the metric-based GR holds only at the level of solutions of the field equations, that is, on-shell. The gauge-theoretic approach also makes it clear that GR is not the only interacting theory of massless spin two particles, in spite of the GR uniqueness theorems available in the metric description. Thus, there is an infinite-parameter class of gravity theories all describing just two propagating polarizations of the graviton. We describe how matter can be coupled to gravity in this formulation and, in particular, how both the gravity and Yang-Mills arise as sectors of a general diffeomorphism-invariant gauge theory. We finish by outlining a possible scenario of the ultraviolet completion of quantum gravity within this approach.

Superworld without supersymmetry

DOE PAGES

Chakdar, Shreyashi; Ghosh, Kirtiman; Nandi, S.

2016-03-01

It is possible that the superworld (supersymmetric partners of our world) does exist without supersymmetry. The two worlds are being distinguished by an unbroken discrete Z 2symmetry (similar to R-parity in supersymmetry). We lose the solution to the hierarchy problem. However, such a scenario has several motivations. For example, the lightest neutral superworld particle will be a candidate for dark matter. The other being, as in supersymmetry, it is possible to achieve gauge coupling unification. One major difference with the supersymmetric theory is that such a theory is much more general since it is not constrained by supersymmetry. For example,more » some of the gauge couplings connecting the Standard Model particles with the superpartners now become free Yukawa couplings. The final state signals as well as the limits on the superworld particles can be modified both qualitatively and quantitatively. The reach for these superworld particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can be much higher than the superpartners, leading to the increased possibility of discovering new physics at the LHC.« less

Baryon bags in strong coupling QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gattringer, Christof

2018-04-01

We discuss lattice QCD with one flavor of staggered fermions and show that in the path integral the baryon contributions can be fully separated from quark and diquark contributions. The baryonic degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) are independent of the gauge field, and the corresponding free fermion action describes the baryons through the joint propagation of three quarks. The nonbaryonic dynamics is described by quark and diquark terms that couple to the gauge field. When evaluating the quark and diquark contributions in the strong coupling limit, the partition function completely factorizes into baryon bags and a complementary domain. Baryon bags are regions in space-time where the dynamics is described by a single free fermion made out of three quarks propagating coherently as a baryon. Outside the baryon bags, the relevant d.o.f. are monomers and dimers for quarks and diquarks. The partition sum is a sum over all baryon bag configurations, and for each bag, a free fermion determinant appears as a weight factor.

Phenomenology with F-theory S U (5 )

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leontaris, George K.; Shafi, Qaisar

2017-09-01

We explore the low-energy phenomenology of an F-theory-based S U (5 ) model which, in addition to the known quarks and leptons, contains Standard Model (SM) singlets and vectorlike color triplets and S U (2 ) doublets. Depending on their masses and couplings, some of these new particles may be observed at the LHC and future colliders. We discuss the restrictions by Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix constraints on their mixing with the ordinary down quarks of the three chiral families. The model is consistent with gauge coupling unification at the usual supersymmetric GUT scale; dimension-five proton decay is adequately suppressed, while dimension-six decay mediated by the superheavy gauge bosons is enhanced by a factor of 5-7. The third generation charged fermion Yukawa couplings yield the corresponding low-energy masses in reasonable agreement with observations. The hierarchical nature of the masses of lighter generations is accounted for via nonrenormalizable interactions, with the perturbative vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the SM singlet fields playing an essential role.

Measurement of the pp¯→WZ+X cross section at s=1.96TeV and limits on WWZ trilinear gauge couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.; Acharya, B. S.; Adams, M.; Adams, T.; Aguilo, E.; Ahn, S. H.; Ahsan, M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Alkhazov, G.; Alton, A.; Alverson, G.; Alves, G. A.; Anastasoaie, M.; Ancu, L. S.; Andeen, T.; Anderson, S.; Andrieu, B.; Anzelc, M. S.; Arnoud, Y.; Arov, M.; Arthaud, M.; Askew, A.; Åsman, B.; Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Atramentov, O.; Autermann, C.; Avila, C.; Ay, C.; Badaud, F.; Baden, A.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bandurin, D. V.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, P.; Barberis, E.; Barfuss, A.-F.; Bargassa, P.; Baringer, P.; Barreto, J.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bassler, U.; Bauer, D.; Beale, S.; Bean, A.; Begalli, M.; Begel, M.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Benitez, J. A.; Beri, S. B.; Bernardi, G.; Bernhard, R.; Berntzon, L.; Bertram, I.; Besançon, M.; Beuselinck, R.; Bezzubov, V. A.; Bhat, P. C.; Bhatnagar, V.; Biscarat, C.; Blazey, G.; Blekman, F.; Blessing, S.; Bloch, D.; Bloom, K.; Boehnlein, A.; Boline, D.; Bolton, T. A.; Borissov, G.; Bose, T.; Brandt, A.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Bross, A.; Brown, D.; Buchanan, N. J.; Buchholz, D.; Buehler, M.; Buescher, V.; Bunichev, S.; Burdin, S.; Burke, S.; Burnett, T. H.; Buszello, C. P.; Butler, J. M.; Calfayan, P.; Calvet, S.; Cammin, J.; Carvalho, W.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cason, N. M.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; Chakrabarti, S.; Chakraborty, D.; Chan, K. M.; Chan, K.; Chandra, A.; Charles, F.; Cheu, E.; Chevallier, F.; Cho, D. K.; Choi, S.; Choudhary, B.; Christofek, L.; Christoudias, T.; Cihangir, S.; Claes, D.; Clément, B.; Coadou, Y.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, W. E.; Corcoran, M.; Couderc, F.; Cousinou, M.-C.; Crépé-Renaudin, S.; Cutts, D.; Ćwiok, M.; da Motta, H.; Das, A.; Davies, G.; de, K.; de Jong, S. J.; de La Cruz-Burelo, E.; de Oliveira Martins, C.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Déliot, F.; Demarteau, M.; Demina, R.; Denisov, D.; Denisov, S. P.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Dominguez, A.; Dong, H.; Dudko, L. V.; Duflot, L.; Dugad, S. R.; Duggan, D.; Duperrin, A.; Dyer, J.; Dyshkant, A.; Eads, M.; Edmunds, D.; Ellison, J.; Elvira, V. D.; Enari, Y.; Eno, S.; Ermolov, P.; Evans, H.; Evdokimov, A.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Ferbel, T.; Fiedler, F.; Filthaut, F.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, H. E.; Ford, M.; Fortner, M.; Fox, H.; Fu, S.; Fuess, S.; Gadfort, T.; Galea, C. F.; Gallas, E.; Galyaev, E.; Garcia, C.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Gavrilov, V.; Gay, P.; Geist, W.; Gelé, D.; Gerber, C. E.; Gershtein, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Ginther, G.; Gollub, N.; Gómez, B.; Goussiou, A.; Grannis, P. D.; Greenlee, H.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Gregores, E. M.; Grenier, G.; Gris, Ph.; Grivaz, J.-F.; Grohsjean, A.; Grünendahl, S.; Grünewald, M. W.; Guo, J.; Guo, F.; Gutierrez, P.; Gutierrez, G.; Haas, A.; Hadley, N. J.; Haefner, P.; Hagopian, S.; Haley, J.; Hall, I.; Hall, R. E.; Han, L.; Hanagaki, K.; Hansson, P.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Harrington, R.; Hauptman, J. M.; Hauser, R.; Hays, J.; Hebbeker, T.; Hedin, D.; Hegeman, J. G.; Heinmiller, J. M.; Heinson, A. P.; Heintz, U.; Hensel, C.; Herner, K.; Hesketh, G.; Hildreth, M. D.; Hirosky, R.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hoeneisen, B.; Hoeth, H.; Hohlfeld, M.; Hong, S. J.; Hossain, S.; Houben, P.; Hu, Y.; Hubacek, Z.; Hynek, V.; Iashvili, I.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Jabeen, S.; Jaffré, M.; Jain, S.; Jakobs, K.; Jarvis, C.; Jesik, R.; Johns, K.; Johnson, C.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Jonsson, P.; Juste, A.; Käfer, D.; Kahn, S.; Kajfasz, E.; Kalinin, A. M.; Kalk, J. R.; Kalk, J. M.; Kappler, S.; Karmanov, D.; Kasper, J.; Kasper, P.; Katsanos, I.; Kau, D.; Kaur, R.; Kaushik, V.; Kehoe, R.; Kermiche, S.; Khalatyan, N.; Khanov, A.; Kharchilava, A.; Kharzheev, Y. M.; Khatidze, D.; Kim, H.; Kim, T. J.; Kirby, M. H.; Kirsch, M.; Klima, B.; Kohli, J. M.; Konrath, J.-P.; Kopal, M.; Korablev, V. M.; Kozelov, A. V.; Krop, D.; Kuhl, T.; Kumar, A.; Kunori, S.; Kupco, A.; Kurča, T.; Kvita, J.; Lacroix, F.; Lam, D.; Lammers, S.; Landsberg, G.; Lebrun, P.; Lee, W. M.; Leflat, A.; Lehner, F.; Lellouch, J.; Leveque, J.; Lewis, P.; Li, J.; Li, Q. Z.; Li, L.; Lietti, S. M.; Lima, J. G. R.; Lincoln, D.; Linnemann, J.; Lipaev, V. V.; Lipton, R.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Lobo, L.; Lobodenko, A.; Lokajicek, M.; Lounis, A.; Love, P.; Lubatti, H. J.; Lyon, A. L.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Mackin, D.; Madaras, R. J.; Mättig, P.; Magass, C.; Magerkurth, A.; Makovec, N.; Mal, P. K.; Malbouisson, H. B.; Malik, S.; Malyshev, V. L.; Mao, H. S.; Maravin, Y.; Martin, B.; McCarthy, R.; Melnitchouk, A.; Mendes, A.; Mendoza, L.; Mercadante, P. G.; Merkin, M.; Merritt, K. W.; Meyer, J.; Meyer, A.; Michaut, M.; Millet, T.; Mitrevski, J.; Molina, J.; Mommsen, R. K.; Mondal, N. K.; Moore, R. W.; Moulik, T.; Muanza, G. S.; Mulders, M.; Mulhearn, M.; Mundal, O.; Mundim, L.; Nagy, E.; Naimuddin, M.; Narain, M.; Naumann, N. A.; Neal, H. A.; Negret, J. P.; Neustroev, P.; Nilsen, H.; Nogima, H.; Nomerotski, A.; Novaes, S. F.; Nunnemann, T.; O'Dell, V.; O'Neil, D. C.; Obrant, G.; Ochando, C.; Onoprienko, D.; Oshima, N.; Osta, J.; Otec, R.; Y Garzón, G. J. Otero; Owen, M.; Padley, P.; Pangilinan, M.; Parashar, N.; Park, S.-J.; Park, S. K.; Parsons, J.; Partridge, R.; Parua, N.; Patwa, A.; Pawloski, G.; Penning, B.; Perfilov, M.; Peters, K.; Peters, Y.; Pétroff, P.; Petteni, M.; Piegaia, R.; Piper, J.; Pleier, M.-A.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Pogorelov, Y.; Pol, M.-E.; Polozov, P.; Pope, B. G.; Popov, A. V.; Potter, C.; da Silva, W. L. Prado; Prosper, H. B.; Protopopescu, S.; Qian, J.; Quadt, A.; Quinn, B.; Rakitine, A.; Rangel, M. S.; Ranjan, K.; Ratoff, P. N.; Renkel, P.; Reucroft, S.; Rich, P.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Rizatdinova, F.; Robinson, S.; Rodrigues, R. F.; Rominsky, M.; Royon, C.; Rubinov, P.; Ruchti, R.; Safronov, G.; Sajot, G.; Sánchez-Hernández, A.; Sanders, M. P.; Santoro, A.; Savage, G.; Sawyer, L.; Scanlon, T.; Schaile, D.; Schamberger, R. D.; Scheglov, Y.; Schellman, H.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schliephake, T.; Schwanenberger, C.; Schwartzman, A.; Schwienhorst, R.; Sekaric, J.; Severini, H.; Shabalina, E.; Shamim, M.; Shary, V.; Shchukin, A. A.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Shpakov, D.; Siccardi, V.; Simak, V.; Sirotenko, V.; Skubic, P.; Slattery, P.; Smirnov, D.; Snow, J.; Snow, G. R.; Snyder, S.; Söldner-Rembold, S.; Sonnenschein, L.; Sopczak, A.; Sosebee, M.; Soustruznik, K.; Souza, M.; Spurlock, B.; Stark, J.; Steele, J.; Stolin, V.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.; Strang, M. A.; Strauss, M.; Strauss, E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Stutte, L.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Svoisky, P.; Sznajder, A.; Talby, M.; Tamburello, P.; Tanasijczuk, A.; Taylor, W.; Temple, J.; Tiller, B.; Tissandier, F.; Titov, M.; Tokmenin, V. V.; Toole, T.; Torchiani, I.; Trefzger, T.; Tsybychev, D.; Tuchming, B.; Tully, C.; Tuts, P. M.; Unalan, R.; Uvarov, S.; Uvarov, L.; Uzunyan, S.; Vachon, B.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Kooten, R.; van Leeuwen, W. M.; Varelas, N.; Varnes, E. W.; Vasilyev, I. A.; Vaupel, M.; Verdier, P.; Vertogradov, L. S.; Verzocchi, M.; Villeneuve-Seguier, F.; Vint, P.; Vokac, P.; von Toerne, E.; Voutilainen, M.; Wagner, R.; Wahl, H. D.; Wang, L.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Warchol, J.; Watts, G.; Wayne, M.; Weber, M.; Weber, G.; Wenger, A.; Wermes, N.; Wetstein, M.; White, A.; Wicke, D.; Wilson, G. W.; Wimpenny, S. J.; Wobisch, M.; Wood, D. R.; Wyatt, T. R.; Xie, Y.; Yacoob, S.; Yamada, R.; Yan, M.; Yasuda, T.; Yatsunenko, Y. A.; Yip, K.; Yoo, H. D.; Youn, S. W.; Yu, J.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zhang, D.; Zhao, T.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.; Zielinski, M.; Zieminska, D.; Zieminski, A.; Zivkovic, L.; Zutshi, V.; Zverev, E. G.

2007-12-01

We present measurements of the process pp¯→WZ+X→ℓ'νℓ'ℓℓ¯ at s=1.96TeV, where ℓ and ℓ' are electrons or muons. Using 1fb-1 of data from the D0 experiment, we observe 13 candidates with an expected background of 4.5±0.6 events and measure a cross section σ(WZ)=2.7-1.3+1.7pb. From the number of observed events and the Z boson transverse momentum distribution, we limit the trilinear WWZ gauge couplings to -0.17≤λZ≤0.21(ΔκZ=0) at the 95% C.L. for a form factor scale Λ=2TeV. Further, assuming that Δg1Z=ΔκZ, we find -0.12≤ΔκZ≤0.29(λZ=0) at the 95% C.L. These are the most restrictive limits on the WWZ couplings available to date.

Coupled dynamics in gluon mass generation and the impact of the three-gluon vertex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Binosi, Daniele; Papavassiliou, Joannis

2018-03-01

We present a detailed study of the subtle interplay transpiring at the level of two integral equations that are instrumental for the dynamical generation of a gluon mass in pure Yang-Mills theories. The main novelty is the joint treatment of the Schwinger-Dyson equation governing the infrared behavior of the gluon propagator and of the integral equation that controls the formation of massless bound-state excitations, whose inclusion is instrumental for obtaining massive solutions from the former equation. The self-consistency of the entire approach imposes the requirement of using a single value for the gauge coupling entering in the two key equations; its fulfilment depends crucially on the details of the three-gluon vertex, which contributes to both of them, but with different weight. In particular, the characteristic suppression of this vertex at intermediate and low energies enables the convergence of the iteration procedure to a single gauge coupling, whose value is reasonably close to that extracted from related lattice simulations.

Super Yang Mills, matrix models and geometric transitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrari, Frank

2005-03-01

I explain two applications of the relationship between four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories, zero-dimensional gauged matrix models, and geometric transitions in string theory. The first is related to the spectrum of BPS domain walls or BPS branes. It is shown that one can smoothly interpolate between a D-brane state, whose weak coupling tension scales as N˜1/g, and a closed string solitonic state, whose weak coupling tension scales as N˜1/gs2. This is part of a larger theory of N=1 quantum parameter spaces. The second is a new purely geometric approach to sum exactly over planar diagrams in zero dimension. It is an example of open/closed string duality. To cite this article: F. Ferrari, C. R. Physique 6 (2005).

Correct definition of color singlet P-wave non-perturbative matrix element of heavy quarkonium production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nayak, Gouranga C.

2017-09-01

Recently we have proved factorization of infrared divergences in NRQCD S-wave heavy quarkonium production at high energy colliders at all orders in coupling constant. One of the problem which still exists in the higher order pQCD calculation of color singlet P-wave heavy quarkonium production/anihillation is the appearance of noncanceling infrared divergences due to real soft gluons exchange, although no such infrared divergences are present in the color singlet S-wave heavy quarkonium. In this paper we find that since the non-perturbative matrix element of the color singlet P-wave heavy quarkonium production contains derivative operators, the gauge links are necessary to make it gauge invariant and be consistent with the factorization of such non-canceling infrared divergences at all orders in coupling constant.

Dark matter and neutrino masses from a scale-invariant multi-Higgs portal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karam, Alexandros; Tamvakis, Kyriakos

2015-10-01

We consider a classically scale invariant version of the Standard Model, extended by an extra dark S U (2 )X gauge group. Apart from the dark gauge bosons and a dark scalar doublet which is coupled to the Standard Model Higgs through a portal coupling, we incorporate right-handed neutrinos and an additional real singlet scalar field. After symmetry breaking à la Coleman-Weinberg, we examine the multi-Higgs sector and impose theoretical and experimental constraints. In addition, by computing the dark matter relic abundance and the spin-independent scattering cross section off a nucleon we determine the viable dark matter mass range in accordance with present limits. The model can be tested in the near future by collider experiments and direct detection searches such as XENON 1T.

ATLAS search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.

2012-12-08

The ATLAS detector at the LHC is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W'), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb -1. No excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. A W' with Sequential Standard Model couplings is excluded at the 95% credibility level for masses up to 2.55 TeV. Excited chiral bosons (W*) with equivalent coupling strength are excluded for masses up to 2.42more » TeV.« less

Effect of gauge-field interaction on fermion transport in two dimensions: Hartree conductivity correction and dephasing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludwig, T.; Gornyi, I. V.; Mirlin, A. D.; Wölfle, P.

2008-06-01

We consider the quantum corrections to the conductivity of fermions interacting via a Chern Simons gauge field and concentrate on the Hartree-type contributions. The first-order Hartree approximation is only valid in the limit of weak coupling λ≪g-1/2 to the gauge field ( g≫1 is the dimensionless conductance) and results in an antilocalizing conductivity correction ˜λ2gln2T . In the case of strong coupling, an infinite summation of higher-order terms is necessary, which includes both the virtual (renormalization of the frequency) and real (dephasing) processes. At intermediate temperatures, T0≪T≪gT0 , where T0˜1/g2τ and τ is the elastic scattering time, the T dependence of the conductivity is determined by the Hartree correction, δσH(T)-δσH(gT0)∝g1/2-(T/T0)1/2[1+ln(gT0/T)1/2] , so that σ(T) increases with lowering T . At low temperatures, T≪T0 , the temperature-dependent part of the Hartree correction assumes a logarithmic form with a coefficient of order unity, δσH∝ln(1/T) . As a result, the negative exchange contribution δσex∝-lngln(1/T) becomes dominant, which yields localization in the limit of T→0 . We further discuss dephasing at strong coupling and show that the dephasing rates are of the order of T , owing to the interplay of inelastic scattering and renormalization. On the other hand, the dephasing length is anomalously short, Lφ≪LT , where LT is the thermal length. For the case of composite fermions with long-range Coulomb interaction, the gauge-field propagator is less singular. The resulting Hartree correction has the usual sign and temperature dependence, δσH∝lngln(1/T) , and for realistic g is overcompensated by the negative exchange contribution due to the gauge-boson and scalar parts of the interaction. In this case, the dephasing length Lφ is of the order of LT for not too low temperatures and exceeds LT for T≲gT0 .

Synthesis of Rhodamines from Fluoresceins Using Pd-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

A unified, convenient, and efficient strategy for the preparation of rhodamines and N,N′-diacylated rhodamines has been developed. Fluorescein ditriflates were found to undergo palladium-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling with amines, amides, carbamates, and other nitrogen nucleophiles to provide direct access to known and novel rhodamine derivatives, including fluorescent dyes, quenchers, and latent fluorophores. PMID:22091952

Strain gauge using Si-based optical microring resonator.

PubMed

Lei, Longhai; Tang, Jun; Zhang, Tianen; Guo, Hao; Li, Yanna; Xie, Chengfeng; Shang, Chenglong; Bi, Yu; Zhang, Wendong; Xue, Chenyang; Liu, Jun

2014-12-20

This paper presents a strain gauge using the mechanical-optical coupling method. The Si-based optical microring resonator was employed as the sensing element, which was embedded on the microcantilevers. The experimental results show that applying external strain triggers a clear redshift of the output resonant spectrum of the structure. The sensitivity of 93.72  pm/MPa was achieved, which also was verified using theoretical simulations. This paper provides what we believe is a new method to develop micro-opto-electromechanical system (MOEMS) sensors.

Gluon scattering amplitudes from gauge/string duality and integrability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Satoh, Yuji

2014-06-01

We discuss the gluon scattering amplitudes of the four-dimensional maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. By the gauge/string duality, the amplitudes at strong coupling are given by the area of the minimal surfaces in anti-de Sitter space, which can be analyzed by a set of integral equations of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) type. By using the two-dimensional integrable models and conformal field theories underlying the TBA system, we derive analytic expansions of the amplitudes around certain kinematic configurations.

The Development of German Doctrine and Command And Control and Its Application to Supporting Arms, 1832 - 1945

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

aspects of war.) Moral forces are difficult to grasp and impossible to quantify. 9 One cannot easily gauge forces like national and military resolve...Legion’s solution to the problem of battlefield control was to simplify it by means of standardized tactical drill coupled with a deployment that gave...conditions that will achieve the strategic goals. The operational commander must be interacting constantly with the strategic level even as he gauges his

Fayet-Iliopoulos terms in supergravity without gauged R-symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cribiori, Niccolò; Farakos, Fotis; Tournoy, Magnus; Van Proeyen, Antoine

2018-04-01

We construct a supergravity-Maxwell theory with a novel embedding of the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term, leading to spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. The gauging of the R-symmetry is not required and a gravitino mass is allowed for a generic vacuum. When matter couplings are introduced, an uplift through a positive definite contribution to the scalar potential is obtained. We observe a notable similarity to the \\overline{D}3 uplift constructions and we give a natural description in terms of constrained multiplets.

Tensor modes in pure natural inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nomura, Yasunori; Yamazaki, Masahito

2018-05-01

We study tensor modes in pure natural inflation [1], a recently-proposed inflationary model in which an axionic inflaton couples to pure Yang-Mills gauge fields. We find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio r is naturally bounded from below. This bound originates from the finiteness of the number of metastable branches of vacua in pure Yang-Mills theories. Details of the model can be probed by future cosmic microwave background experiments and improved lattice gauge theory calculations of the θ-angle dependence of the vacuum energy.

Worldlines and worldsheets for non-abelian lattice field theories: Abelian color fluxes and Abelian color cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gattringer, Christof; Göschl, Daniel; Marchis, Carlotta

2018-03-01

We discuss recent developments for exact reformulations of lattice field theories in terms of worldlines and worldsheets. In particular we focus on a strategy which is applicable also to non-abelian theories: traces and matrix/vector products are written as explicit sums over color indices and a dual variable is introduced for each individual term. These dual variables correspond to fluxes in both, space-time and color for matter fields (Abelian color fluxes), or to fluxes in color space around space-time plaquettes for gauge fields (Abelian color cycles). Subsequently all original degrees of freedom, i.e., matter fields and gauge links, can be integrated out. Integrating over complex phases of matter fields gives rise to constraints that enforce conservation of matter flux on all sites. Integrating out phases of gauge fields enforces vanishing combined flux of matter-and gauge degrees of freedom. The constraints give rise to a system of worldlines and worldsheets. Integrating over the factors that are not phases (e.g., radial degrees of freedom or contributions from the Haar measure) generates additional weight factors that together with the constraints implement the full symmetry of the conventional formulation, now in the language of worldlines and worldsheets. We discuss the Abelian color flux and Abelian color cycle strategies for three examples: the SU(2) principal chiral model with chemical potential coupled to two of the Noether charges, SU(2) lattice gauge theory coupled to staggered fermions, as well as full lattice QCD with staggered fermions. For the principal chiral model we present some simulation results that illustrate properties of the worldline dynamics at finite chemical potentials.

Lopsided gauge mediation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Simone, Andrea; Franceschini, Roberto; Giudice, Gian Francesco; Pappadopulo, Duccio; Rattazzi, Riccardo

2011-05-01

It has been recently pointed out that the unavoidable tuning among supersymmetric parameters required to raise the Higgs boson mass beyond its experimental limit opens up new avenues for dealing with the so called μ- B μ problem of gauge mediation. In fact, it allows for accommodating, with no further parameter tuning, large values of B μ and of the other Higgs-sector soft masses, as predicted in models where both μ and B μ are generated at one-loop order. This class of models, called Lopsided Gauge Mediation, offers an interesting alternative to conventional gauge mediation and is characterized by a strikingly different phenomenology, with light higgsinos, very large Higgs pseudoscalar mass, and moderately light sleptons. We discuss general parametric relations involving the fine-tuning of the model and various observables such as the chargino mass and the value of tan β. We build an explicit model and we study the constraints coming from LEP and Tevatron. We show that in spite of new interactions between the Higgs and the messenger superfields, the theory can remain perturbative up to very large scales, thus retaining gauge coupling unification.

An /N=2 gauge theory and its supergravity dual

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandhuber, A.; Sfetsos, K.

2000-09-01

We study flows on the scalar manifold of /N=8 gauged supergravity in five dimensions which are dual to certain mass deformations of /N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. In particular, we consider a perturbation of the gauge theory by a mass term for the adjoint hyper-multiplet, giving rise to an /N=2 theory. The exact solution of the 5-dim gauged supergravity equations of motion is found and the metric is uplifted to a ten-dimensional background of type-IIB supergravity. Using these geometric data and the AdS/CFT correspondence we analyze the spectra of certain operators as well as Wilson loops on the dual gauge theory side. The physical flows are parametrized by a single non-positive constant and describe part of the Coulomb branch of the /N=2 theory at strong coupling. We also propose a general criterion to distinguish between `physical' and `unphysical' curvature singularities. Applying it in many backgrounds arising within the AdS/CFT correspondence we find results that are in complete agreement with field theory expectations.

Simplified derivation of the gravitational wave stress tensor from the linearized Einstein field equations.

PubMed

Balbus, Steven A

2016-10-18

A conserved stress energy tensor for weak field gravitational waves propagating in vacuum is derived directly from the linearized general relativistic wave equation alone, for an arbitrary gauge. In any harmonic gauge, the form of the tensor leads directly to the classical expression for the outgoing wave energy. The method described here, however, is a much simpler, shorter, and more physically motivated approach than is the customary procedure, which involves a lengthy and cumbersome second-order (in wave-amplitude) calculation starting with the Einstein tensor. Our method has the added advantage of exhibiting the direct coupling between the outgoing wave energy flux and the work done by the gravitational field on the sources. For nonharmonic gauges, the directly derived wave stress tensor has an apparent index asymmetry. This coordinate artifact may be straightforwardly removed, and the symmetrized (still gauge-invariant) tensor then takes on its widely used form. Angular momentum conservation follows immediately. For any harmonic gauge, however, the stress tensor found is manifestly symmetric from the start, and its derivation depends, in its entirety, on the structure of the linearized wave equation.

Cogenerating and pre-annihilating dark matter by a new gauge interaction in a unified model

DOE PAGES

Barr, S. M.; Scherrer, Robert J.

2016-05-31

Here, grand unified theories based on large groups (with rank ≥ 6) are a natural context for dark matter models. They contain Standard-Model-singlet fermions that could be dark matter candidates, and can contain new non-abelian interactions whose sphalerons convert baryons, leptons, and dark matter into each other, ''cogenerating" a dark matter asymmetry comparable to the baryon asymmetry. In this paper it is shown that the same non-abelian interactions can ''pre-annihilate" the symmetric component of heavy dark matter particles χ, which then decay late into light stable dark matter particles ζ that inherit their asymmetry. We derive cosmological constraints on themore » parameters of such models. The mass of χ must be < 3000 TeV and their decays must happen when 2 × 10 –7 < T dec/mχ < 10 –4. It is shown that such decays can come from d=5 operators with coefficients of order 1/MGUT or 1/M Pℓ. We present a simple realization of our model based on the group SU(7).« less

GUT models at current and future hadron colliders and implications to dark matter searches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arcadi, Giorgio; Lindner, Manfred; Mambrini, Yann; Pierre, Mathias; Queiroz, Farinaldo S.

2017-08-01

Grand Unified Theories (GUT) offer an elegant and unified description of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions at high energy scales. A phenomenological and exciting possibility to grasp GUT is to search for TeV scale observables arising from Abelian groups embedded in GUT constructions. That said, we use dilepton data (ee and μμ) that has been proven to be a golden channel for a wide variety of new phenomena expected in theories beyond the Standard Model to probe GUT-inspired models. Since heavy dilepton resonances feature high signal selection efficiencies and relatively well-understood backgrounds, stringent and reliable bounds can be placed on the mass of the Z‧ gauge boson arising in such theories. In this work, we obtain 95% C.L. limits on the Z‧ mass for several GUT-models using current and future proton-proton colliders with √{ s} = 13 TeV , 33 TeV ,and 100 TeV, and put them into perspective with dark matter searches in light of the next generation of direct detection experiments.

Extracting Effective Higgs Couplings in the Golden Channel

DOE PAGES

Chen, Yi; Vega-Morales, Roberto

2014-04-08

Kinematic distributions in Higgs decays to four charged leptons, the so called ‘golden channel, are a powerful probe of the tensor structure of its couplings to neutral electroweak gauge bosons. In this study we construct the first part of a comprehensive analysis framework designed to maximize the information contained in this channel in order to perform direct extraction of the various possible Higgs couplings. We first complete an earlier analytic calculation of the leading order fully differential cross sections for the golden channel signal and background to include the 4e and 4μ final states with interference between identical final states.more » We also examine the relative fractions of the different possible combinations of scalar-tensor couplings by integrating the fully differential cross section over all kinematic variables as well as show various doubly differential spectra for both the signal and background. From these analytic expressions we then construct a ‘generator level’ analysis framework based on the maximum likelihood method. Then, we demonstrate the ability of our framework to perform multi-parameter extractions of all the possible effective couplings of a spin-0 scalar to pairs of neutral electroweak gauge bosons including any correlations. Furthermore, this framework provides a powerful method for study of these couplings and can be readily adapted to include the relevant detector and systematic effects which we demonstrate in an accompanying study to follow.« less

Decaying vector dark matter as an explanation for the 3.5 keV line from galaxy clusters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farzan, Yasaman; Akbarieh, Amin Rezaei, E-mail: yasaman@theory.ipm.ac.ir, E-mail: am_rezaei@physics.sharif.ir

2014-11-01

We present a Vector Dark Matter (VDM) model that explains the 3.5 keV line recently observed in the XMM-Newton observatory data from galaxy clusters. In this model, dark matter is composed of two vector bosons, V and V', which couple to the photon through an effective generalized Chern-Simons coupling, g{sub V}. V' is slightly heavier than V with a mass splitting m{sub V'} – m{sub V} ≅ 3.5 keV. The decay of V' to V and a photon gives rise to the 3.5 keV line. The production of V and V' takes place in the early universe within the freeze-in framework through the effectivemore » g{sub V} coupling when m{sub V'} < T < Λ, Λ being the cut-off above which the effective g{sub V} coupling is not valid. We introduce a high energy model that gives rise to the g{sub V} coupling at low energies. To do this, V and V' are promoted to gauge bosons of spontaneously broken new U(1){sub V} and U(1){sub V'} gauge symmetries, respectively. The high energy sector includes milli-charged chiral fermions that lead to the g{sub V} coupling at low energy via triangle diagrams.« less

Advances in synthetic gauge fields for light through dynamic modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hey, Daniel; Li, Enbang

2018-04-01

Photons are weak particles that do not directly couple to magnetic fields. However, it is possible to generate a photonic gauge field by breaking reciprocity such that the phase of light depends on its direction of propagation. This non-reciprocal phase indicates the presence of an effective magnetic field for the light itself. By suitable tailoring of this phase, it is possible to demonstrate quantum effects typically associated with electrons, and, as has been recently shown, non-trivial topological properties of light. This paper reviews dynamic modulation as a process for breaking the time-reversal symmetry of light and generating a synthetic gauge field, and discusses its role in topological photonics, as well as recent developments in exploring topological photonics in higher dimensions.

Spectroscopy of the BSM sextet model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fodor, Zoltan; Holland, Kieran; Kuti, Julius; Nogradi, Daniel; Wong, Chik Him

2018-03-01

As part of our ongoing lattice study of SU(3) gauge theory with two flavors of fermions in the two-index symmetric representation (the sextet model), we present the current status of the pseudoscalar particle spectrum. We use a mixed action approach based on the gradient flow to control lattice artifacts, allowing a simultaneous extrapolation to the chiral and continuum limits. We find strong evidence that the pseudoscalar is a Goldstone boson state, with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry and a non-zero Goldstone decay constant in the chiral limit. In agreement with our study of the gauge coupling β function, we find the sextet model appears to be a near-conformal gauge theory and serves as a prototype of the composite Higgs BSM template.

Deformations of vector-scalar models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnich, Glenn; Boulanger, Nicolas; Henneaux, Marc; Julia, Bernard; Lekeu, Victor; Ranjbar, Arash

2018-02-01

Abelian vector fields non-minimally coupled to uncharged scalar fields arise in many contexts. We investigate here through algebraic methods their consistent deformations ("gaugings"), i.e., the deformations that preserve the number (but not necessarily the form or the algebra) of the gauge symmetries. Infinitesimal consistent deformations are given by the BRST cohomology classes at ghost number zero. We parametrize explicitly these classes in terms of various types of global symmetries and corresponding Noether currents through the characteristic cohomology related to antifields and equations of motion. The analysis applies to all ghost numbers and not just ghost number zero. We also provide a systematic discussion of the linear and quadratic constraints on these parameters that follow from higher-order consistency. Our work is relevant to the gaugings of extended supergravities.

Advances in synthetic gauge fields for light through dynamic modulation.

PubMed

Hey, Daniel; Li, Enbang

2018-04-01

Photons are weak particles that do not directly couple to magnetic fields. However, it is possible to generate a photonic gauge field by breaking reciprocity such that the phase of light depends on its direction of propagation. This non-reciprocal phase indicates the presence of an effective magnetic field for the light itself. By suitable tailoring of this phase, it is possible to demonstrate quantum effects typically associated with electrons, and, as has been recently shown, non-trivial topological properties of light. This paper reviews dynamic modulation as a process for breaking the time-reversal symmetry of light and generating a synthetic gauge field, and discusses its role in topological photonics, as well as recent developments in exploring topological photonics in higher dimensions.

Advances in synthetic gauge fields for light through dynamic modulation

PubMed Central

Li, Enbang

2018-01-01

Photons are weak particles that do not directly couple to magnetic fields. However, it is possible to generate a photonic gauge field by breaking reciprocity such that the phase of light depends on its direction of propagation. This non-reciprocal phase indicates the presence of an effective magnetic field for the light itself. By suitable tailoring of this phase, it is possible to demonstrate quantum effects typically associated with electrons, and, as has been recently shown, non-trivial topological properties of light. This paper reviews dynamic modulation as a process for breaking the time-reversal symmetry of light and generating a synthetic gauge field, and discusses its role in topological photonics, as well as recent developments in exploring topological photonics in higher dimensions. PMID:29765688

One-loop pseudo-Goldstone masses in the minimal S O (10 ) Higgs model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gráf, Lukáš; Malinský, Michal; Mede, Timon; Susič, Vasja

2017-04-01

We calculate the prominent perturbative contributions shaping the one-loop scalar spectrum of the minimal renormalizable nonsupersymmetric S O (10 ) Higgs model whose unified gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by an adjoint scalar. Focusing on its potentially realistic 45 ⊕126 variant in which the rank is reduced by a vacuum expectation value of the 5-index antisymmetric self-dual tensor, we provide a thorough analysis of the corresponding Coleman-Weinberg one-loop effective potential, paying particular attention to the masses of the potentially tachyonic pseudo-Goldstone bosons transforming as (1, 3, 0) and (8, 1, 0) under the standard model (SM) gauge group. The results confirm the assumed existence of extended regions in the parameter space supporting a locally stable SM-like quantum vacuum inaccessible at the tree level. The effective potential tedium is compared to that encountered in the previously studied 45 ⊕16 S O (10 ) Higgs model where the polynomial corrections to the relevant pseudo-Goldstone masses turn out to be easily calculable within a very simplified purely diagrammatic approach.

Precipitation Seasonality over the Indian Subcontinent: Assessment of Gauge, Reanalyses and Satellite Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Renwick, J. A.; Rana, S.; McGregor, J.

2015-12-01

This work addresses the seasonal (winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) performance of seven precipitation products from three different data sources: gridded station data, satellite-derived data and reanalyses products over the Indian Subcontinent, for a period of 10 years (1997/98 to 2006/07). Precipitation products evaluated are the Asian Precipitation - Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), the Climate Prediction Center unified gauge (CPC-uni), the Global Precipitation Climatology project (GPCP), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) post real-time research products (3B42-V6 and 3B42-V7), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). Several verification measures are employed to assess the accuracy of the data. All datasets capture the large-scale characteristics of the seasonal mean precipitation distribution, albeit with pronounced seasonal and/or regional differences. Compared to APHRODITE, the gauge-only (CPC-uni) and the satellite-derived precipitation products (GPCP, 3B42-V6 and 3B42-V7) capture the summer monsoon rainfall variability better than CFSR and ERA-Interim. Similar conclusions were drawn for the post-monsoon season, with the exception of 3B42-V7, which underestimates post-monsoon precipitation. Over mountainous regions 3B42-V7 shows an appreciable improvement over 3B42-V6 and other gauge-based precipitation products. Significantly large biases/errors occur during the winter months, which is likely related to the uncertainty in observations that artificially inflate the existing error in reanalyses and satellite retrievals.

Quantum Chromodynamics and Color Confinement (confinement 2000) - Proceedings of the International Symposium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suganuma, H.; Fukushima, M.; Toki, H.

The Table of Contents for the book is as follows: * Preface * Opening Address * Monopole Condensation and Quark Confinement * Dual QCD, Effective String Theory, and Regge Trajectories * Abelian Dominance and Monopole Condensation * Non-Abelian Stokes Theorem and Quark Confinement in QCD * Infrared Region of QCD and Confining Configurations * BRS Quartet Mechanism for Color Confinement * Color Confinement and Quartet Mechanism * Numerical Tests of the Kugo-Ojima Color Confinement Criterion * Monopoles and Confinement in Lattice QCD * SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory at T > 0 in a Finite Box with Fixed Holonomy * Confining and Dirac Strings in Gluodynamics * Cooling, Monopoles, and Vortices in SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory * Quark Confinement Physics from Lattice QCD * An (Almost) Perfect Lattice Action for SU(2) and SU(3) Gluodynamics * Vortices and Confinement in Lattice QCD * P-Vortices, Nexuses and Effects of Gribov Copies in the Center Gauges * Laplacian Center Vortices * Center Vortices at Strong Couplings and All Couplings * Simulations in SO(3) × Z(2) Lattice Gauge Theory * Exciting a Vortex - the Cost of Confinement * Instantons in QCD * Deformation of Instanton in External Color Fields * Field Strength Correlators in the Instanton Liquid * Instanton and Meron Physics in Lattice QCD * The Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory for Confinement and the Role of Instantons * Lattice QCD for Quarks, Gluons and Hadrons * Hadronic Spectral Functions in QCD * Universality and Chaos in Quantum Field Theories * Lattice QCD Study of Three Quark Potential * Probing the QCD Vacuum with Flavour Singlet Objects : η' on the Lattice * Lattice Studies of Quarks and Gluons * Quarks and Hadrons in QCD * Supersymmetric Nonlinear Sigma Models * Chiral Transition and Baryon-number Susceptibility * Light Quark Masses in QCD * Chiral Symmetry of Baryons and Baryon Resonances * Confinement and Bound States in QCD * Parallel Session * Off-diagonal Gluon Mass Generation and Strong Randomness of Off-diagonal Gluon Phase in the Maximally Abelian Gauge * On the Colour Confinement and the Minimal Surface * Glueball Mass and String Tension of SU(2) Gluodynamics from Abelian Monopoles and Strings * Application of the Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group to the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model at Finite Temperature and Density * Confining Flux-Tube and Hadrons in QCD * Gauge Symmetry Breakdown due to Dynamical Higgs Scalar * Spatial Structure of Quark Cooper Pairs * New Approach to Axial Coupling Constants in the QCD Sum Rule and Instanton Effects * String Breaking on a Lattice * Bethe-Salpeter Approach for Mesons within the Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory * Gauge Dependence and Matching Procedure of a Nonrelativistic QCD Boundstate Formalism * A Mathematical Approach to the SU(2)-Quark Confinement * Simulations of Odd Flavors QCD by Hybrid Monte Carlo * Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group Analysis of Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking with Beyond Ladder Contributions * Charmonium Physics in Finite Temperature Lattice QCD * From Meson-Nucleon Scattering to Vector Mesons in Nuclear Matter * Symposium Program * List of Participants

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Parity-violating gravitational coupling of electromagnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majumdar, Parthasarathi; Gupta, Soumitra Sen

1999-12-01

A manifestly gauge-invariant formulation of the coupling of the Maxwell theory with an Einstein-Cartan geometry is given, where the spacetime torsion originates from a massless Kalb-Ramond field augmented by suitable U(1) Chern-Simons terms. We focus on the situation where the torsion violates parity, and relate it to earlier proposals for gravitational parity violation.

Dual of the Janus solution: An interface conformal field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, A. B.; Freedman, D. Z.; Karch, A.; Schnabl, M.

2005-03-01

We propose and study a specific gauge theory dual of the smooth, nonsupersymmetric (and apparently stable) Janus solution of Type IIB supergravity found in Bak et al. [J. High Energy Phys., JHEPFG, 1029-8479 05 (2003) 072]. The dual field theory is N=4 SYM theory on two half-spaces separated by a planar interface with different coupling constants in each half-space. We assume that the position dependent coupling multiplies the operator L' which is the fourth descendent of the primary TrX{IXJ} and closely related to the N=4 Lagrangian density. At the classical level supersymmetry is broken explicitly, but SO(3,2) conformal symmetry is preserved. We use conformal perturbation theory to study various correlation functions to first and second order in the discontinuity of g2YM, confirming quantum level conformal symmetry. Certain quantities such as the vacuum expectation value are protected to all orders in g2YMN, and we find perfect agreement between the weak coupling value in the gauge theory and the strong coupling gravity result. SO(3,2) symmetry requires vanishing vacuum energy, =0, and this is confirmed in first order in the discontinuity.

New form of the exact NSVZ β-function: the three-loop verification for terms containing Yukawa couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazantsev, A. E.; Shakhmanov, V. Yu.; Stepanyantz, K. V.

2018-04-01

We investigate a recently proposed new form of the exact NSVZ β-function, which relates the β-function to the anomalous dimensions of the quantum gauge superfield, of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts, and of the chiral matter superfields. Namely, for the general renormalizable N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives, the sum of all three-loop contributions to the β-function containing the Yukawa couplings is compared with the corresponding two-loop contributions to the anomalous dimensions of the quantum superfields. It is demonstrated that for the considered terms both new and original forms of the NSVZ relation are valid independently of the subtraction scheme if the renormalization group functions are defined in terms of the bare couplings. This result is obtained from the equality relating the loop integrals, which, in turn, follows from the factorization of the integrals for the β-function into integrals of double total derivatives. For the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the renormalized couplings we verify that the NSVZ scheme is obtained with the higher covariant derivative regularization supplemented by the subtraction scheme in which only powers of ln Λ /μ are included into the renormalization constants.

Reformulation of the symmetries of first-order general relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montesinos, Merced; González, Diego; Celada, Mariano; Díaz, Bogar

2017-10-01

We report a new internal gauge symmetry of the n-dimensional Palatini action with cosmological term (n>3 ) that is the generalization of three-dimensional local translations. This symmetry is obtained through the direct application of the converse of Noether’s second theorem on the theory under consideration. We show that diffeomorphisms can be expressed as linear combinations of it and local Lorentz transformations with field-dependent parameters up to terms involving the variational derivatives of the action. As a result, the new internal symmetry together with local Lorentz transformations can be adopted as the fundamental gauge symmetries of general relativity. Although their gauge algebra is open in general, it allows us to recover, without resorting to the equations of motion, the very well-known Lie algebra satisfied by translations and Lorentz transformations in three dimensions. We also report the analog of the new gauge symmetry for the Holst action with cosmological term, finding that it explicitly depends on the Immirzi parameter. The same result concerning its relation to diffeomorphisms and the open character of the gauge algebra also hold in this case. Finally, we consider the non-minimal coupling of a scalar field to gravity in n dimensions and establish that the new gauge symmetry is affected by this matter field. Our results indicate that general relativity in dimension greater than three can be thought of as a gauge theory.

Interfacial gauge methods for incompressible fluid dynamics

DOE PAGES

Saye, R.

2016-06-10

Designing numerical methods for incompressible fluid flow involving moving interfaces, for example, in the computational modeling of bubble dynamics, swimming organisms, or surface waves, presents challenges due to the coupling of interfacial forces with incompressibility constraints. A class of methods, denoted interfacial gauge methods, is introduced for computing solutions to the corresponding incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These methods use a type of "gauge freedom" to reduce the numerical coupling between fluid velocity, pressure, and interface position, allowing high-order accurate numerical methods to be developed more easily. Making use of an implicit mesh discontinuous Galerkin framework, developed in tandem with this work,more » high-order results are demonstrated, including surface tension dynamics in which fluid velocity, pressure, and interface geometry are computed with fourth-order spatial accuracy in the maximum norm. Applications are demonstrated with two-phase fluid flow displaying fine-scaled capillary wave dynamics, rigid body fluid-structure interaction, and a fluid-jet free surface flow problem exhibiting vortex shedding induced by a type of Plateau-Rayleigh instability. The developed methods can be generalized to other types of interfacial flow and facilitate precise computation of complex fluid interface phenomena.« less

Dirac field and gravity in NC SO(2,3)_\\star model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gočanin, Dragoljub; Radovanović, Voja

2018-03-01

Action for the Dirac spinor field coupled to gravity on noncommutative (NC) Moyal-Weyl spacetime is obtained without prior knowledge of the metric tensor. We emphasize gauge origins of gravity and its interaction with fermions by demonstrating that a classical action invariant under SO(2, 3) gauge transformations can be exactly reduced to the Dirac action in curved spacetime after breaking the original symmetry down to the local Lorentz SO(1, 3) symmetry. The commutative SO(2, 3) invariant action can be straightforwardly deformed via Moyal-Weyl \\star -product to its NC SO(2,3)_\\star invariant version which can be expanded perturbatively in powers of the deformation parameter using the Seiberg-Witten map. The NC gravity-matter couplings in the expansion arise as an effect of the gauge symmetry breaking. We calculate in detail the first order NC correction to the classical Dirac action in curved spacetime and show that it does not vanish. Moreover, linear NC effects are apparent even in flat spacetime. We analyse NC deformation of the Dirac equation, Feynman propagator and dispersion relation for electrons in Minkowski spacetime and conclude that constant NC background acts as a birefringent medium for electrons propagating in it.

Three dimensional finite temperature SU(3) gauge theory near the phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bialas, P.; Daniel, L.; Morel, A.; Petersson, B.

2013-06-01

We have measured the correlation function of Polyakov loops on the lattice in three dimensional SU(3) gauge theory near its finite temperature phase transition. Using a new and powerful application of finite size scaling, we furthermore extend the measurements of the critical couplings to considerably larger values of the lattice sizes, both in the temperature and space directions, than was investigated earlier in this theory. With the help of these measurements we perform a detailed finite size scaling analysis, showing that for the critical exponents of the two dimensional three state Potts model the mass and the susceptibility fall on unique scaling curves. This strongly supports the expectation that the gauge theory is in the same universality class. The Nambu-Goto string model on the other hand predicts that the exponent ν has the mean field value, which is quite different from the value in the abovementioned Potts model. Using our values of the critical couplings we also determine the continuum limit of the value of the critical temperature in terms of the square root of the zero temperature string tension. This value is very near to the prediction of the Nambu-Goto string model in spite of the different critical behaviour.

Dark Matter from SUGRA GUTs: mSUGRA, NUSUGRA and Yukawa-unified SUGRA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baer, Howard

2009-09-08

Gravity-mediated SUSY breaking models with R-parity conservation give rise to dark matter in the universe. I review neutralino dark matter in the minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA), models with non-universal soft SUSY breaking terms (NUSUGRA) which yield a well-tempered neutralino, and models with unified Yukawa couplings at the GUT scale (as may occur in an SO(10) SUSY GUT theory). These latter models have difficulty accomodating neutralino dark matter, but work very well if the dark matter particles are axions and axinos.

Multi-component fermionic dark matter and IceCube PeV scale neutrinos in left-right model with gauge unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borah, Debasish; Dasgupta, Arnab; Dey, Ujjal Kumar; Patra, Sudhanwa; Tomar, Gaurav

2017-09-01

We consider a simple extension of the minimal left-right symmetric model (LRSM) in order to explain the PeV neutrino events seen at the IceCube experiment from a heavy decaying dark matter. The dark matter sector is composed of two fermions: one at PeV scale and the other at TeV scale such that the heavier one can decay into the lighter one and two neutrinos. The gauge annihilation cross sections of PeV dark matter are not large enough to generate its relic abundance within the observed limit. We include a pair of real scalar triplets Ω L,R which can bring the thermally overproduced PeV dark matter abundance into the observed range through late time decay and consequent entropy release thereby providing a consistent way to obtain the correct relic abundance without violating the unitarity bound on dark matter mass. Another scalar field, a bitriplet under left-right gauge group is added to assist the heavier dark matter decay. The presence of an approximate global U(1) X symmetry can naturally explain the origin of tiny couplings required for long-lived nature of these decaying particles. We also show, how such an extended LRSM can be incorporated within a non-supersymmetric SO(10) model where the gauge coupling unification at a very high scale naturally accommodate a PeV scale intermediate symmetry, required to explain the PeV events at IceCube.

Conformal supergravity in five dimensions: new approach and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butter, Daniel; Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Novak, Joseph; Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele

2015-02-01

We develop a new off-shell formulation for five-dimensional (5D) conformal supergravity obtained by gauging the 5D superconformal algebra in superspace. An important property of the conformal superspace introduced is that it reduces to the super-conformal tensor calculus (formulated in the early 2000's) upon gauging away a number of superfluous fields. On the other hand, a different gauge fixing reduces our formulation to the SU(2) superspace of arXiv:0802.3953, which is suitable to describe the most general off-shell supergravity-matter couplings. Using the conformal superspace approach, we show how to reproduce practically all off-shell constructions derived so far, including he supersymmetric extensions of R 2 terms, thus demonstrating the power of our formulation. Furthermore, we construct for the first time a supersymmetric completion of the Ricci tensor squared term using the standard Weyl multiplet coupled to an off-shell vector multiplet. In addition, we present several procedures to generate higher-order off-shell invariants in supergravity, including higher-derivative ones. The covariant projective multiplets proposed in arXiv:0802.3953 are lifted to conformal superspace, and a manifestly superconformal action principle is given. We also introduce unconstrained prepotentials for the vector multiplet, the multiplet (i.e., the linear multiplet without central charge) and multiplets, with n = 0 , 1 , . . . Superform formulations are given for the BF action and the non-abelian Chern-Simons action. Finally, we describe locally supersymmetric theories with gauged central charge in conformal superspace.

Comment on "SU(5) octet scalar at the LHC"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doršner, Ilja

2015-06-01

I address the validity of results presented in [S. Khalil, S. Salem, and M. Allam, Phys. Rev. D 89, 095011 (2014)] with regard to unification of gauge couplings within a particular S U (5 ) framework. The scalar sector of the proposed S U (5 ) model contains one 5-dimensional, one 24-dimensional, and one 45-dimensional representation. The authors discuss one specific unification scenario that supports the case for the LHC accessible color octet scalar. I show that the unification analysis in question is based on (i) an erroneous assumption related to the issue of nucleon stability and (ii) an incorrect input for the applicable set of renormalization group equations. This, in my view, invalidates the aforementioned gauge coupling unification study. I also question a source of the fermion mass relations presented in that work.

Critical Exponents, Scaling Law, Universality and Renormalization Group Flow in Strong Coupling QED

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondo, Kei-Ichi

The critical behavior of strongly coupled QED with a chiral-invariant four-fermion interaction (gauged Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model) is investigated through the unquenched Schwinger-Dyson equation including the fermion loop effect at the one-loop level. It is shown that the critical exponents satisfy the (hyper)scaling relations as in the quenched case. However, the respective critical exponent takes the classical mean-field value, and consequently unquenched QED belongs to the same universality class as the zero-charge model. On the other hand, it is pointed out that quenched QED violates not only universality but also weak universality, due to continuously varying critical exponents. Furthermore, the renormalization group flow of constant renormalized charge is given. All the results are consistent with triviality of QED and the gauged Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in the unquenched case.

Elastic gauge fields and Hall viscosity of Dirac magnons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreiros, Yago; Vozmediano, María A. H.

2018-02-01

We analyze the coupling of elastic lattice deformations to the magnon degrees of freedom of magnon Dirac materials. For a honeycomb ferromagnet we find that, as happens in the case of graphene, elastic gauge fields appear coupled to the magnon pseudospinors. For deformations that induce constant pseudomagnetic fields, the spectrum around the Dirac nodes splits into pseudo-Landau levels. We show that when a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is considered, a topological gap opens in the system and a Chern-Simons effective action for the elastic degrees of freedom is generated. Such a term encodes a phonon Hall viscosity response, entirely generated by quantum fluctuations of magnons living in the vicinity of the Dirac points. The magnon Hall viscosity vanishes at zero temperature, and grows as temperature is raised and the states around the Dirac points are increasingly populated.

Big bounce, slow-roll inflation, and dark energy from conformal gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gegenberg, Jack; Rahmati, Shohreh; Seahra, Sanjeev S.

2017-02-01

We examine the cosmological sector of a gauge theory of gravity based on the SO(4,2) conformal group of Minkowski space. We allow for conventional matter coupled to the spacetime metric as well as matter coupled to the field that gauges special conformal transformations. An effective vacuum energy appears as an integration constant, and this allows us to recover the late time acceleration of the Universe. Furthermore, gravitational fields sourced by ordinary cosmological matter (i.e. dust and radiation) are significantly weakened in the very early Universe, which has the effect of replacing the big bang with a big bounce. Finally, we find that this bounce is followed by a period of nearly exponential slow roll inflation that can last long enough to explain the large scale homogeneity of the cosmic microwave background.

Naturalness of unknown physics: Theoretical models and experimental signatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kilic, Can

In the last few decades collider experiments have not only spectacularly confirmed the predictions of the Standard Model but also have not revealed any direct evidence for new physics beyond the SM, which has led theorists to devise numerous models where the new physics couples weakly to the SM or is simply beyond the reach of past experiments. While phenomenologically viable, many such models appear finely tuned, even contrived. This work illustrates three attempts at coming up with explanations to fine-tunings we observe in the world around us, such as the gauge hierarchy problem or the cosmological constant problem, emphasizing both the theoretical aspects of model building as well as possible experimental signatures. First we investigate the "Little Higgs" mechanism and work on a specifical model, the "Minimal Moose" to highlight its impact on precision observables in the SM, and illustrate that it does not require implausible fine-tuning. Next we build a supersymmetric model, the "Fat Higgs", with an extended gauge structure which becomes confining. This model, aside from naturally preserving the unification of the SM gauge couplings at high energies, also makes it possible to evade the bounds on the lightest Higgs boson mass which are quite restrictive in minimal SUSY scenarios. Lastly we take a look at a possible resolution of the cosmological constant problem through the mechanism of "Ghost Condensation" and dwell on astrophysical observables from the Lorentz Violating sector in this model. We use current experimental data to constrain the coupling of this sector to the SM.

Section sigma models coupled to symplectic duality bundles on Lorentzian four-manifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazaroiu, C. I.; Shahbazi, C. S.

2018-06-01

We give the global mathematical formulation of a class of generalized four-dimensional theories of gravity coupled to scalar matter and to Abelian gauge fields. In such theories, the scalar fields are described by a section of a surjective pseudo-Riemannian submersion π over space-time, whose total space carries a Lorentzian metric making the fibers into totally-geodesic connected Riemannian submanifolds. In particular, π is a fiber bundle endowed with a complete Ehresmann connection whose transport acts through isometries between the fibers. In turn, the Abelian gauge fields are "twisted" by a flat symplectic vector bundle defined over the total space of π. This vector bundle is endowed with a vertical taming which locally encodes the gauge couplings and theta angles of the theory and gives rise to the notion of twisted self-duality, of crucial importance to construct the theory. When the Ehresmann connection of π is integrable, we show that our theories are locally equivalent to ordinary Einstein-Scalar-Maxwell theories and hence provide a global non-trivial extension of the universal bosonic sector of four-dimensional supergravity. In this case, we show using a special trivializing atlas of π that global solutions of such models can be interpreted as classical "locally-geometric" U-folds. In the non-integrable case, our theories differ locally from ordinary Einstein-Scalar-Maxwell theories and may provide a geometric description of classical U-folds which are "locally non-geometric".

Numerical solution of the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations on unbounded domains.

PubMed

Li, Hongwei; Guo, Yue

2017-12-01

The numerical solution of the general coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations on unbounded domains is considered by applying the artificial boundary method in this paper. In order to design the local absorbing boundary conditions for the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, we generalize the unified approach previously proposed [J. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. E 78, 026709 (2008)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.78.026709]. Based on the methodology underlying the unified approach, the original problem is split into two parts, linear and nonlinear terms, and we then achieve a one-way operator to approximate the linear term to make the wave out-going, and finally we combine the one-way operator with the nonlinear term to derive the local absorbing boundary conditions. Then we reduce the original problem into an initial boundary value problem on the bounded domain, which can be solved by the finite difference method. The stability of the reduced problem is also analyzed by introducing some auxiliary variables. Ample numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed method.

Unified synchronization criteria in an array of coupled neural networks with hybrid impulses.

PubMed

Wang, Nan; Li, Xuechen; Lu, Jianquan; Alsaadi, Fuad E

2018-05-01

This paper investigates the problem of globally exponential synchronization of coupled neural networks with hybrid impulses. Two new concepts on average impulsive interval and average impulsive gain are proposed to deal with the difficulties coming from hybrid impulses. By employing the Lyapunov method combined with some mathematical analysis, some efficient unified criteria are obtained to guarantee the globally exponential synchronization of impulsive networks. Our method and criteria are proved to be effective for impulsively coupled neural networks simultaneously with synchronizing impulses and desynchronizing impulses, and we do not need to discuss these two kinds of impulses separately. Moreover, by using our average impulsive interval method, we can obtain an interesting and valuable result for the case of average impulsive interval T a =∞. For some sparse impulsive sequences with T a =∞, the impulses can happen for infinite number of times, but they do not have essential influence on the synchronization property of networks. Finally, numerical examples including scale-free networks are exploited to illustrate our theoretical results. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polymer optical fiber strain gauge for human-robot interaction forces assessment on an active knee orthosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leal-Junior, Arnaldo G.; Frizera, Anselmo; Marques, Carlos; Sánchez, Manuel R. A.; Botelho, Thomaz R.; Segatto, Marcelo V.; Pontes, Maria José

2018-03-01

This paper presents the development of a polymer optical fiber (POF) strain gauge based on the light coupling principle, which the power attenuation is created by the misalignment between two POFs. The misalignment, in this case, is proportional to the strain on the structure that the fibers are attached. This principle has the advantages of low cost, ease of implementation, temperature insensitiveness, electromagnetic fields immunity and simplicity on the sensor interrogation and signal processing. Such advantages make the proposed solution an interesting alternative to the electronic strain gauges. For this reason, an analytical model for the POF strain gauge is proposed and validated. Furthermore, the proposed POF sensor is applied on an active orthosis for knee rehabilitation exercises through flexion/extension cycles. The controller of the orthosis provides 10 different levels of robotic assistance on the flexion/extension movement. The POF strain gauge is tested at each one of these levels. Results show good correlation between the optical and electronic strain gauges with root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 1.87 Nm when all cycles are analyzed, which represents a deviation of less than 8%. For the application, the proposed sensor presented higher stability than the electronic one, which can provide advantages on the rehabilitation exercises and on the inner controller of the device.

A gauge-theoretic approach to gravity

PubMed Central

Krasnov, Kirill

2012-01-01

Einstein's general relativity (GR) is a dynamical theory of the space–time metric. We describe an approach in which GR becomes an SU(2) gauge theory. We start at the linearized level and show how a gauge-theoretic Lagrangian for non-interacting massless spin two particles (gravitons) takes a much more simple and compact form than in the standard metric description. Moreover, in contrast to the GR situation, the gauge theory Lagrangian is convex. We then proceed with a formulation of the full nonlinear theory. The equivalence to the metric-based GR holds only at the level of solutions of the field equations, that is, on-shell. The gauge-theoretic approach also makes it clear that GR is not the only interacting theory of massless spin two particles, in spite of the GR uniqueness theorems available in the metric description. Thus, there is an infinite-parameter class of gravity theories all describing just two propagating polarizations of the graviton. We describe how matter can be coupled to gravity in this formulation and, in particular, how both the gravity and Yang–Mills arise as sectors of a general diffeomorphism-invariant gauge theory. We finish by outlining a possible scenario of the ultraviolet completion of quantum gravity within this approach. PMID:22792040

Simple Z2 lattice gauge theories at finite fermion density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prosko, Christian; Lee, Shu-Ping; Maciejko, Joseph

2017-11-01

Lattice gauge theories are a powerful language to theoretically describe a variety of strongly correlated systems, including frustrated magnets, high-Tc superconductors, and topological phases. However, in many cases gauge fields couple to gapless matter degrees of freedom, and such theories become notoriously difficult to analyze quantitatively. In this paper we study several examples of Z2 lattice gauge theories with gapless fermions at finite density, in one and two spatial dimensions, that are either exactly soluble or whose solution reduces to that of a known problem. We consider complex fermions (spinless and spinful) as well as Majorana fermions and study both theories where Gauss' law is strictly imposed and those where all background charge sectors are kept in the physical Hilbert space. We use a combination of duality mappings and the Z2 slave-spin representation to map our gauge theories to models of gauge-invariant fermions that are either free, or with on-site interactions of the Hubbard or Falicov-Kimball type that are amenable to further analysis. In 1D, the phase diagrams of these theories include free-fermion metals, insulators, and superconductors, Luttinger liquids, and correlated insulators. In 2D, we find a variety of gapped and gapless phases, the latter including uniform and spatially modulated flux phases featuring emergent Dirac fermions, some violating Luttinger's theorem.

Determination of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters at the ILC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conley, John A.; Hewett, JoAnne; Le, My Phuong

2005-07-27

We examine the effects of the extended gauge sector of the Littlest Higgs model in high energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collisions. We find that the search reach in e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} f{bar f} at a {radical}s = 500 GeV International Linear Collider covers essentially the entire parameter region where the Littlest Higgs model is relevant to the gauge hierarchy problem. In addition, we show that this channel provides an accurate determination of the fundamental model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the LHC measures the mass of the heavy neutral gauge .eld. Additionally, we showmore » that the couplings of the extra gauge bosons to the light Higgs can be observed from the process e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Zh for a significant region of the parameter space. This allows for confirmation of the structure of the cancellation of the Higgs mass quadratic divergence and would verify the little Higgs mechanism.« less

Going Beyond QCD in Lattice Gauge Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fleming, G. T.

2011-01-01

Strongly coupled gauge theories (SCGT's) have been studied theoretically for many decades using numerous techniques. The obvious motivation for these efforts stemmed from a desire to understand the source of the strong nuclear force: Quantum Chromo-dynamics (QCD). Guided by experimental results, theorists generally consider QCD to be a well-understood SCGT. Unfortunately, it is not clear how to extend the lessons learned from QCD to other SCGT's. Particularly urgent motivators for new studies of other SCGT's are the ongoing searches for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Tevatron. Lattice gauge theory (LGT) is a technique for systematically-improvable calculations in many SCGT's. It has become the standard for non-perturbative calculations in QCD and it is widely believed that it may be useful for study of other SCGT's in the realm of BSM physics. We will discuss the prospects and potential pitfalls for these LGT studies, focusing primarily on the flavor dependence of SU(3) gauge theory.

Ambitwistor formulations of R 2 gravity and ( DF)2 gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azevedo, Thales; Engelund, Oluf Tang

2017-11-01

We consider D-dimensional amplitudes in R 2 gravities (conformal gravity in D = 4) and in the recently introduced ( DF)2 gauge theory, from the perspective of the CHY formulae and ambitwistor string theory. These theories are related through the BCJ double-copy construction, and the ( DF)2 gauge theory obeys color-kinematics duality. We work out the worldsheet details of these theories and show that they admit a formulation as integrals on the support of the scattering equations, or alternatively, as ambitwistor string theories. For gravity, this generalizes the work done by Berkovits and Witten on conformal gravity to D dimensions. The ambitwistor is also interpreted as a D-dimensional generalization of Witten's twistor string (SYM + conformal supergravity). As part of our ambitwistor investigation, we discover another ( DF)2 gauge theory containing a photon that couples to Einstein gravity. This theory can provide an alternative KLT description of Einstein gravity compared to the usual Yang-Mills squared.

Eliminating the η-problem in SUGRA hybrid inflation with vector backreaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimopoulos, Konstantinos; Lazarides, George; Wagstaff, Jacques M.

2012-02-01

It is shown that, when the inflaton field modulates the gauge kinetic function of the gauge fields in supergravity realisations of inflation, the dynamic backreaction leads to a new inflationary attractor solution, in which the inflaton's variation suffers additional impedance. As a result, slow-roll inflation can naturally occur along directions of the scalar potential which would be too steep and curved to support it otherwise. This provides a generic solution to the infamous eta-problem of inflation in supergravity. Moreover, it is shown that, in the new inflationary attractor, the spectral index of the generated curvature perturbations is kept mildly red despite eta of order unity. The above findings are applied to a model of hybrid inflation in supergravity with a generic Kähler potential. The spectral index of the generated curvature perturbations is found to be 0.97-0.98, in excellent agreement with observations. The gauge field can play the role of the vector curvaton after inflation but observable statistical anisotropy requires substantial tuning of the gauge coupling.

On the equivalence among stress tensors in a gauge-fluid system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitra, Arpan Krishna; Banerjee, Rabin; Ghosh, Subir

2017-12-01

In this paper, we bring out the subtleties involved in the study of a first-order relativistic field theory with auxiliary field variables playing an essential role. In particular, we discuss the nonisentropic Eulerian (or Hamiltonian) fluid model. Interactions are introduced by coupling the fluid to a dynamical Maxwell (U(1)) gauge field. This dynamical nature of the gauge field is crucial in showing the equivalence, on the physical subspace, of the stress tensor derived from two definitions, i.e. the canonical (Noether) one and the symmetric one. In the conventional equal-time formalism, we have shown that the generators of the space-time transformations obtained from these two definitions agree modulo the Gauss constraint. This equivalence in the physical sector has been achieved only because of the dynamical nature of the gauge fields. Subsequently, we have explicitly demonstrated the validity of the Schwinger condition. A detailed analysis of the model in lightcone formalism has also been done where several interesting features are revealed.

Measurements of electroweak $Wjj$ production and constraints on anomalous gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector

DOE PAGES

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; ...

2017-07-17

Measurements of the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets at high dijet invariant mass are performed using √s = 7 and 8 TeV proton–proton collision data produced by the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding respectively to 4.7 and 20.2 fb -1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector. Lastly, the measurements are sensitive to the production of a W boson via a triple-gauge-boson vertex and include both the fiducial and differential cross sections of the electroweak process.

Gauge transformation and symmetries of the commutative multicomponent BKP hierarchy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chuanzhong

2016-01-01

In this paper, we defined a new multi-component B type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) hierarchy that takes values in a commutative subalgebra of {gl}(N,{{C}}). After this, we give the gauge transformation of this commutative multicomponent BKP (CMBKP) hierarchy. Meanwhile, we construct a new constrained CMBKP hierarchy that contains some new integrable systems, including coupled KdV equations under a certain reduction. After this, the quantum torus symmetry and quantum torus constraint on the tau function of the commutative multi-component BKP hierarchy will be constructed.

Neutrinophilic two Higgs doublet model with dark matter under an alternative U(1)_{B-L} gauge symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nomura, Takaaki; Okada, Hiroshi

2018-03-01

We propose a Dirac type active neutrino with rank two mass matrix and a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate with an alternative local U(1)_{B-L} extension of neutrinophilic two Higgs doublet model. Our dark matter candidate can be stabilized due to charge assignment under the gauge symmetry without imposing extra discrete Z_2 symmetry and the relic density is obtained from an Z' boson exchanging process. Taking into account collider constraints on the Z' boson mass and coupling, we estimate the relic density.

Spectral sum rules for confining large-N theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cherman, Aleksey; McGady, David A.; Yamazaki, Masahito

2016-06-17

We consider asymptotically-free four-dimensional large-$N$ gauge theories with massive fermionic and bosonic adjoint matter fields, compactified on squashed three-spheres, and examine their regularized large-$N$ confined-phase spectral sums. The analysis is done in the limit of vanishing ’t Hooft coupling, which is justified by taking the size of the compactification manifold to be small compared to the inverse strong scale Λ ₋1. We find our results motivate us to conjecture some universal spectral sum rules for these large $N$ gauge theories.

Measurements of electroweak Wjj production and constraints on anomalous gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Abeloos, B.; Abidi, S. H.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adachi, S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adersberger, M.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Agheorghiesei, C.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akatsuka, S.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Ali, B.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allen, B. W.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Alshehri, A. A.; Alstaty, M.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Piqueras, D. Álvarez; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Santos, S. P. Amor Dos; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antel, C.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antrim, D. J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Araujo Ferraz, V.; Arce, A. T. H.; Ardell, R. E.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Armitage, L. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Artz, S.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Baines, J. T.; Bajic, M.; Baker, O. K.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisits, M.-S.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska-Blenessy, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barranco Navarro, L.; Barreiro, F.; da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimarães; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bedognetti, M.; Bee, C. P.; Beermann, T. A.; Begalli, M.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Bell, A. S.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Belyaev, N. L.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Noccioli, E. Benhar; Benitez, J.; Benjamin, D. P.; Benoit, M.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Bergeaas Kuutmann, E.; Berger, N.; Beringer, J.; Berlendis, S.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernardi, G.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertram, I. A.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besjes, G. J.; Bessidskaia Bylund, O.; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethani, A.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bielski, R.; Biesuz, N. V.; Biglietti, M.; De Mendizabal, J. Bilbao; Billoud, T. R. V.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bisanz, T.; Bittrich, C.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blue, A.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Blunier, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Boerner, D.; Bogavac, D.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bokan, P.; Bold, T.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortoletto, D.; Bortolotto, V.; Bos, K.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Sola, J. D. Bossio; Boudreau, J.; Bouffard, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Boutle, S. K.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Breaden Madden, W. D.; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Briglin, D. L.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Broughton, J. H.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Bruncko, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruni, L. S.; Brunt, BH; Bruschi, M.; Bruscino, N.; Bryant, P.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, M. K.; Bulekov, O.; Bullock, D.; Burckhart, H.; Burdin, S.; Burgard, C. D.; Burger, A. M.; Burghgrave, B.; Burka, K.; Burke, S.; Burmeister, I.; Burr, J. T. P.; Busato, E.; Büscher, D.; Büscher, V.; Bussey, P.; Butler, J. M.; Buttar, C. M.; Butterworth, J. M.; Butti, P.; Buttinger, W.; Buzatu, A.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Cabrera Urbán, S.; Caforio, D.; Cairo, V. M.; Cakir, O.; Calace, N.; Calafiura, P.; Calandri, A.; Calderini, G.; Calfayan, P.; Callea, G.; Caloba, L. P.; Calvente Lopez, S.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Calvet, T. P.; Camacho Toro, R.; Camarda, S.; Camarri, P.; Cameron, D.; Caminal Armadans, R.; Camincher, C.; Campana, S.; Campanelli, M.; Camplani, A.; Campoverde, A.; Canale, V.; Bret, M. Cano; Cantero, J.; Cao, T.; Capeans Garrido, M. D. M.; Caprini, I.; Caprini, M.; Capua, M.; Carbone, R. M.; Cardarelli, R.; Cardillo, F.; Carli, I.; Carli, T.; Carlino, G.; Carlson, B. T.; Carminati, L.; Carney, R. M. D.; Caron, S.; Carquin, E.; Carrillo-Montoya, G. D.; Carvalho, J.; Casadei, D.; Casado, M. P.; Casolino, M.; Casper, D. W.; Castelijn, R.; Castelli, A.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Castro, N. F.; Catinaccio, A.; Catmore, J. R.; Cattai, A.; Caudron, J.; Cavaliere, V.; Cavallaro, E.; Cavalli, D.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Celebi, E.; Ceradini, F.; Alberich, L. Cerda; Cerqueira, A. S.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Cerutti, F.; Cervelli, A.; Cetin, S. A.; Chafaq, A.; Chakraborty, D.; Chan, S. K.; Chan, W. S.; Chan, Y. L.; Chang, P.; Chapman, J. D.; Charlton, D. G.; Chatterjee, A.; Chau, C. C.; Chavez Barajas, C. A.; Che, S.; Cheatham, S.; Chegwidden, A.; Chekanov, S.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Chelkov, G. A.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, H.; Chen, S.; Chen, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H. C.; Cheng, H. J.; Cheng, Y.; Cheplakov, A.; Cheremushkina, E.; Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El; Chernyatin, V.; Cheu, E.; Chevalier, L.; Chiarella, V.; Chiarelli, G.; Chiodini, G.; Chisholm, A. S.; Chitan, A.; Chiu, Y. H.; Chizhov, M. V.; Choi, K.; Chomont, A. R.; Chouridou, S.; Chow, B. K. B.; Christodoulou, V.; Chromek-Burckhart, D.; Chu, M. C.; Chudoba, J.; Chuinard, A. J.; Chwastowski, J. J.; Chytka, L.; Ciftci, A. K.; Cinca, D.; Cindro, V.; Cioara, I. A.; Ciocca, C.; Ciocio, A.; Cirotto, F.; Citron, Z. H.; Citterio, M.; Ciubancan, M.; Clark, A.; Clark, B. L.; Clark, M. R.; Clark, P. J.; Clarke, R. N.; Clement, C.; Coadou, Y.; Cobal, M.; Coccaro, A.; Cochran, J.; Colasurdo, L.; Cole, B.; Colijn, A. P.; Collot, J.; Colombo, T.; Conde Muiño, P.; Coniavitis, E.; Connell, S. H.; Connelly, I. A.; Consorti, V.; Constantinescu, S.; Conti, G.; Conventi, F.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, B. D.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Cormier, F.; Cormier, K. J. R.; Cornelissen, T.; Corradi, M.; Corriveau, F.; Cortes-Gonzalez, A.; Cortiana, G.; Costa, G.; Costa, M. J.; Costanzo, D.; Cottin, G.; Cowan, G.; Cox, B. E.; Cranmer, K.; Crawley, S. J.; Creager, R. A.; Cree, G.; Crépé-Renaudin, S.; Crescioli, F.; Cribbs, W. A.; Ortuzar, M. 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G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zou, R.; Nedden, M. zur; Zwalinski, L.

2017-07-01

Measurements of the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets at high dijet invariant mass are performed using √{s} = 7 and 8 {TeV} proton-proton collision data produced by the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding respectively to 4.7 and 20.2 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector. The measurements are sensitive to the production of a W boson via a triple-gauge-boson vertex and include both the fiducial and differential cross sections of the electroweak process.

Calculation of NMR chemical shifts. 7. Gauge-invariant INDO method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukui, H.; Miura, K.; Hirai, A.

A gauge-invariant INDO method based on the coupled Hartree-Fuck perturbation theory is presented and applied to the calculation of 1H and 13C chemical shifts of hydrocarbons including ring compounds. Invariance of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic shieldings with respect to displacement of the coordinate origin is discussed. Comparison between calculated and experimental results exhibits fairly good agreement, provided that the INDO parameters of Ellis et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.94, 4069 (1972)) are used with the inclusion of all multicenter one-electron integrals.

Strain gauge ambiguity sensor for segmented mirror active optical system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wyman, C. L.; Howe, T. L. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

A system is described to measure alignment between interfacing edges of mirror segments positioned to form a segmented mirror surface. It serves as a gauge having a bending beam with four piezoresistive elements coupled across the interfaces of the edges of adjacent mirror segments. The bending beam has a first position corresponding to alignment of the edges of adjacent mirror segments, and it is bendable from the first position in a direction and to a degree dependent upon the relative misalignment between the edges of adjacent mirror segments to correspondingly vary the resistance of the strain guage. A source of power and an amplifier are connected in circuit with the strain gauge whereby the output of the amplifier varies according to the misalignment of the edges of adjacent mirror segments.

Two loop QCD vertices at the symmetric point

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gracey, J. A.

2011-10-15

We compute the triple gluon, quark-gluon and ghost-gluon vertices of QCD at the symmetric subtraction point at two loops in the MS scheme. In addition we renormalize each of the three vertices in their respective momentum subtraction schemes, MOMggg, MOMq and MOMh. The conversion functions of all the wave functions, coupling constant and gauge parameter renormalization constants of each of the schemes relative to MS are determined analytically. These are then used to derive the three loop anomalous dimensions of the gluon, quark, Faddeev-Popov ghost and gauge parameter as well as the {beta} function in an arbitrary linear covariant gaugemore » for each MOM scheme. There is good agreement of the latter with earlier Landau gauge numerical estimates of Chetyrkin and Seidensticker.« less

Search for light gauge bosons of the dark sector at the Mainz Microtron.

PubMed

Merkel, H; Achenbach, P; Ayerbe Gayoso, C; Bernauer, J C; Böhm, R; Bosnar, D; Debenjak, L; Denig, A; Distler, M O; Esser, A; Fonvieille, H; Friščić, I; Middleton, D G; Müller, U; Nungesser, L; Pochodzalla, J; Rohrbeck, M; Sánchez Majos, S; Schlimme, B S; Schoth, M; Sirca, S; Weinriefer, M

2011-06-24

A new exclusion limit for the electromagnetic production of a light U(1) gauge boson γ' decaying to e + e- was determined by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron. Such light gauge bosons appear in several extensions of the standard model and are also discussed as candidates for the interaction of dark matter with standard model matter. In electron scattering from a heavy nucleus, the existing limits for a narrow state coupling to e + e- were reduced by nearly an order of magnitude in the range of the lepton pair mass of 210 MeV/c2}

Role of magnetic and diamagnetic interactions in molecular optics and scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forbes, Kayn A.

2018-05-01

This paper aims to explicitly clarify the role and interpretation of diamagnetic interactions between molecules and light in quantum electrodynamics. In contrast to their electric and magnetic counterparts, the diamagnetic couplings between light and matter have received relatively little interest in the field of molecular optics. This intriguing disregard of an interaction term is puzzling. The diamagnetic couplings possess unique physical properties that warrant their inclusion in any multiphoton process, and the lack of gauge invariance for paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities necessitates their inclusion. Their role and importance within nonrelativistic molecular quantum electrodynamics in the Coulomb gauge is illuminated, and it is highlighted how for any multiphoton process their inclusion should be implicit. As an indicative example of the theory presented, the diamagnetic contributions to both forward and nonforward Rayleigh scattering are derived and put into context alongside the electric and magnetic molecular responses. The work represents clarification of diamagnetic couplings in molecular quantum electrodynamics, which subsequently should proffer the study of diamagnetic interactions in molecular optics due to their unique physical attributes and necessary inclusion in multiphoton processes.

SU(3) gauge symmetry for collective rotational states in deformed nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosensteel, George; Sparks, Nick

2016-09-01

How do deformed nuclei rotate? The qualitative answer is that a velocity-dependent interaction causes a strong coupling between the angular momentum and the vortex momentum (or Kelvin circulation). To achieve a quantitative explanation, we propose a significant extension of the Bohr-Mottelson legacy model in which collective wave functions are vector-valued in an irreducible representation of SU(3). This SU(3) is not the usual Elliott choice, but rather describes internal vorticity in the rotating frame. The circulation values C of an SU(3) irreducible representation, say the (8,0) for 20Ne, are C = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, which is the same as the angular momentum spectrum in the Elliott model; the reason is a reciprocity theorem in the symplectic model. The differential geometry of Yang-Mills theory provides a natural mathematical framework to solve the angular-vortex coupling riddle. The requisite strong coupling is a ``magnetic-like'' interaction arising from the covariant derivative and the bundle connection. The model builds on prior work about the Yang-Mills SO(3) gauge group model.

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW / WZ → ℓνq q ‾ production in proton-proton collisions at √{ s} = 8 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Asilar, E.; Bergauer, T.; Brandstetter, J.; Brondolin, E.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Flechl, M.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; König, A.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Matsushita, T.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rad, N.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schieck, J.; Strauss, J.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Dvornikov, O.; Makarenko, V.; Mossolov, V.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Zykunov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Alderweireldt, S.; De Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Lauwers, J.; Van De Klundert, M.; Van Haevermaet, H.; Van Mechelen, P.; Van Remortel, N.; Van Spilbeeck, A.; Abu Zeid, S.; Blekman, F.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; De Bruyn, I.; Deroover, K.; Lowette, S.; Moortgat, S.; Moreels, L.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Skovpen, K.; Tavernier, S.; Van Doninck, W.; Van Mulders, P.; Van Parijs, I.; Brun, H.; Clerbaux, B.; De Lentdecker, G.; Delannoy, H.; Fasanella, G.; Favart, L.; Goldouzian, R.; Grebenyuk, A.; Karapostoli, G.; Lenzi, T.; Léonard, A.; Luetic, J.; Maerschalk, T.; Marinov, A.; Randle-conde, A.; Seva, T.; Vander Velde, C.; Vanlaer, P.; Vannerom, D.; Yonamine, R.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, F.; Cimmino, A.; Cornelis, T.; Dobur, D.; Fagot, A.; Gul, M.; Khvastunov, I.; Poyraz, D.; Salva, S.; Schöfbeck, R.; Tytgat, M.; Van Driessche, W.; Yazgan, E.; Zaganidis, N.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Beluffi, C.; Bondu, O.; Brochet, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, A.; De Visscher, S.; Delaere, C.; Delcourt, M.; Francois, B.; Giammanco, A.; Jafari, A.; Komm, M.; Krintiras, G.; Lemaitre, V.; Magitteri, A.; Mertens, A.; Musich, M.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Quertenmont, L.; Selvaggi, M.; Vidal Marono, M.; Wertz, S.; Beliy, N.; Aldá Júnior, W. L.; Alves, F. L.; Alves, G. A.; Brito, L.; Hensel, C.; Moraes, A.; Pol, M. E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; Da Costa, E. M.; Da Silveira, G. G.; De Jesus Damiao, D.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca De Souza, S.; Huertas Guativa, L. M.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mora Herrera, C.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado Da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Ahuja, S.; Bernardes, C. A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Moon, C. S.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Romero Abad, D.; Ruiz Vargas, J. C.; Aleksandrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Fang, W.; Ahmad, M.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, T.; Jiang, C. H.; Leggat, D.; Liu, Z.; Romeo, F.; Ruan, M.; Shaheen, S. M.; Spiezia, A.; Tao, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, J.; Ban, Y.; Chen, G.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; González Hernández, C. F.; Ruiz Alvarez, J. D.; Sanabria, J. C.; Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M.; Sculac, T.; Antunovic, Z.; Kovac, M.; Brigljevic, V.; Ferencek, D.; Kadija, K.; Mesic, B.; Susa, T.; Ather, M. W.; Attikis, A.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Carrera Jarrin, E.; Abdelalim, A. A.; El-khateeb, E.; Salama, E.; Kadastik, M.; Perrini, L.; Raidal, M.; Tiko, A.; Veelken, C.; Eerola, P.; Pekkanen, J.; Voutilainen, M.; Härkönen, J.; Järvinen, T.; Karimäki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Lampén, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Lindén, T.; Luukka, P.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Wendland, L.; Talvitie, J.; Tuuva, T.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Favaro, C.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Ghosh, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Jarry, P.; Kucher, I.; Locci, E.; Machet, M.; Malcles, J.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Titov, M.; Abdulsalam, A.; Antropov, I.; Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Busson, P.; Cadamuro, L.; Chapon, E.; Charlot, C.; Davignon, O.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Jo, M.; Lisniak, S.; Miné, P.; Nguyen, M.; Ochando, C.; Ortona, G.; Paganini, P.; Pigard, P.; Regnard, S.; Salerno, R.; Sirois, Y.; Stahl Leiton, A. G.; Strebler, T.; Yilmaz, Y.; Zabi, A.; Zghiche, A.; Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Aubin, A.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Buttignol, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Chanon, N.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Coubez, X.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gelé, D.; Goerlach, U.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Van Hove, P.; Gadrat, S.; Beauceron, S.; Bernet, C.; Boudoul, G.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Courbon, B.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Grenier, G.; Ille, B.; Lagarde, F.; Laktineh, I. B.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Pequegnot, A. L.; Perries, S.; Popov, A.; Sordini, V.; Vander Donckt, M.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.; Toriashvili, T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Autermann, C.; Beranek, S.; Feld, L.; Kiesel, M. K.; Klein, K.; Lipinski, M.; Preuten, M.; Schomakers, C.; Schulz, J.; Verlage, T.; Albert, A.; Brodski, M.; Dietz-Laursonn, E.; Duchardt, D.; Endres, M.; Erdmann, M.; Erdweg, S.; Esch, T.; Fischer, R.; Güth, A.; Hamer, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Heidemann, C.; Hoepfner, K.; Knutzen, S.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Millet, P.; Mukherjee, S.; Olschewski, M.; Padeken, K.; Pook, T.; Radziej, M.; Reithler, H.; Rieger, M.; Scheuch, F.; Sonnenschein, L.; Teyssier, D.; Thüer, S.; Cherepanov, V.; Flügge, G.; Kargoll, B.; Kress, T.; Künsken, A.; Lingemann, J.; Müller, T.; Nehrkorn, A.; Nowack, A.; Pistone, C.; Pooth, O.; Stahl, A.; Aldaya Martin, M.; Arndt, T.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Beernaert, K.; Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Bin Anuar, A. A.; Borras, K.; Campbell, A.; Connor, P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Costanza, F.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dolinska, G.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Eichhorn, T.; Eren, E.; Gallo, E.; Garay Garcia, J.; Geiser, A.; Gizhko, A.; Grados Luyando, J. M.; Grohsjean, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Harb, A.; Hauk, J.; Hempel, M.; Jung, H.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Karacheban, O.; Kasemann, M.; Keaveney, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Korol, I.; Krücker, D.; Lange, W.; Lelek, A.; Lenz, T.; Leonard, J.; Lipka, K.; Lobanov, A.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mittag, G.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Raspereza, A.; Roland, B.; Sahin, M. Ö.; Saxena, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Spannagel, S.; Stefaniuk, N.; Van Onsem, G. P.; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.; Blobel, V.; Centis Vignali, M.; Draeger, A. R.; Dreyer, T.; Garutti, E.; Gonzalez, D.; Haller, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Junkes, A.; Klanner, R.; Kogler, R.; Kovalchuk, N.; Lapsien, T.; Marchesini, I.; Marconi, D.; Meyer, M.; Niedziela, M.; Nowatschin, D.; Pantaleo, F.; Peiffer, T.; Perieanu, A.; Scharf, C.; Schleper, P.; Schmidt, A.; Schumann, S.; Schwandt, J.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrück, G.; Stober, F. M.; Stöver, M.; Tholen, H.; Troendle, D.; Usai, E.; Vanelderen, L.; Vanhoefer, A.; Vormwald, B.; Akbiyik, M.; Barth, C.; Baur, S.; Baus, C.; Berger, J.; Butz, E.; Caspart, R.; Chwalek, T.; Colombo, F.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Fink, S.; Freund, B.; Friese, R.; Giffels, M.; Gilbert, A.; Goldenzweig, P.; Haitz, D.; Hartmann, F.; Heindl, S. M.; Husemann, U.; Kassel, F.; Katkov, I.; Kudella, S.; Mildner, H.; Mozer, M. U.; Müller, Th.; Plagge, M.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Röcker, S.; Roscher, F.; Schröder, M.; Shvetsov, I.; Sieber, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Ulrich, R.; Wayand, S.; Weber, M.; Weiler, T.; Williamson, S.; Wöhrmann, C.; Wolf, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Giakoumopoulou, V. A.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Topsis-Giotis, I.; Kesisoglou, S.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Tziaferi, E.; Evangelou, I.; Flouris, G.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Loukas, N.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Paradas, E.; Filipovic, N.; Pasztor, G.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Horvath, D.; Sikler, F.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zsigmond, A. J.; Beni, N.; Czellar, S.; Karancsi, J.; Makovec, A.; Molnar, J.; Szillasi, Z.; Bartók, M.; Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Komaragiri, J. R.; Bahinipati, S.; Bhowmik, S.; Choudhury, S.; Mal, P.; Mandal, K.; Nayak, A.; Sahoo, D. K.; Sahoo, N.; Swain, S. K.; Bansal, S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Chawla, R.; Bhawandeep, U.; Kalsi, A. K.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, M.; Kumar, R.; Kumari, P.; Mehta, A.; Mittal, M.; Singh, J. B.; Walia, G.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhardwaj, A.; Choudhary, B. C.; Garg, R. B.; Keshri, S.; Malhotra, S.; Naimuddin, M.; Ranjan, K.; Sharma, R.; Sharma, V.; Bhattacharya, R.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterjee, K.; Dey, S.; Dutt, S.; Dutta, S.; Ghosh, S.; Majumdar, N.; Modak, A.; Mondal, K.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Nandan, S.; Purohit, A.; Roy, A.; Roy, D.; Roy Chowdhury, S.; Sarkar, S.; Sharan, M.; Thakur, S.; Behera, P. K.; Chudasama, R.; Dutta, D.; Jha, V.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.; Aziz, T.; Dugad, S.; Kole, G.; Mahakud, B.; Mitra, S.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sur, N.; Sutar, B.; Banerjee, S.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Ganguly, S.; Guchait, M.; Jain, Sa.; Kumar, S.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Sarkar, T.; Wickramage, N.; Chauhan, S.; Dube, S.; Hegde, V.; Kapoor, A.; Kothekar, K.; Pandey, S.; Rane, A.; Sharma, S.; Chenarani, S.; Eskandari Tadavani, E.; Etesami, S. M.; Khakzad, M.; Mohammadi Najafabadi, M.; Naseri, M.; Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S.; Rezaei Hosseinabadi, F.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.; Felcini, M.; Grunewald, M.; Abbrescia, M.; Calabria, C.; Caputo, C.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cristella, L.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; Fiore, L.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Miniello, G.; My, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Radogna, R.; Ranieri, A.; Selvaggi, G.; Sharma, A.; Silvestris, L.; Venditti, R.; Verwilligen, P.; Abbiendi, G.; Battilana, C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Campanini, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Chhibra, S. S.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Tosi, N.; Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Di Mattia, A.; Giordano, F.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.; Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Russo, L.; Sguazzoni, G.; Strom, D.; Viliani, L.; Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Fabbri, F.; Piccolo, D.; Primavera, F.; Calvelli, V.; Ferro, F.; Monge, M. R.; Robutti, E.; Tosi, S.; Brianza, L.; Brivio, F.; Ciriolo, V.; Dinardo, M. E.; Fiorendi, S.; Gennai, S.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Manzoni, R. A.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pigazzini, S.; Ragazzi, S.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.; Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; De Nardo, G.; Di Guida, S.; Esposito, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Fienga, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lanza, G.; Lista, L.; Meola, S.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.; Thyssen, F.; Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Benato, L.; Bisello, D.; Boletti, A.; Carlin, R.; Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, A.; Checchia, P.; Dall'Osso, M.; De Castro Manzano, P.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Gozzelino, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pazzini, J.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Zanetti, M.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.; Braghieri, A.; Fallavollita, F.; Magnani, A.; Montagna, P.; Ratti, S. P.; Re, V.; Riccardi, C.; Salvini, P.; Vai, I.; Vitulo, P.; Alunni Solestizi, L.; Bilei, G. M.; Ciangottini, D.; Fanò, L.; Lariccia, P.; Leonardi, R.; Mantovani, G.; Mariani, V.; Menichelli, M.; Saha, A.; Santocchia, A.; Androsov, K.; Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Boccali, T.; Castaldi, R.; Ciocci, M. A.; Dell'Orso, R.; Donato, S.; Fedi, G.; Giassi, A.; Grippo, M. T.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Rizzi, A.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.; Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; Cipriani, M.; Del Re, D.; Diemoz, M.; Gelli, S.; Longo, E.; Margaroli, F.; Marzocchi, B.; Meridiani, P.; Organtini, G.; Paramatti, R.; Preiato, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.; Santanastasio, F.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Bartosik, N.; Bellan, R.; Biino, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Cenna, F.; Costa, M.; Covarelli, R.; Degano, A.; Demaria, N.; Finco, L.; Kiani, B.; Mariotti, C.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Monteil, E.; Monteno, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Pacher, L.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Pinna Angioni, G. L.; Ravera, F.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Shchelina, K.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Traczyk, P.; Belforte, S.; Casarsa, M.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Zanetti, A.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, M. S.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. W.; Oh, Y. D.; Sekmen, S.; Son, D. C.; Yang, Y. C.; Lee, A.; Kim, H.; Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Kim, T. J.; Cho, S.; Choi, S.; Go, Y.; Gyun, D.; Ha, S.; Hong, B.; Jo, Y.; Kim, Y.; Lee, K.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S.; Lim, J.; Park, S. K.; Roh, Y.; Almond, J.; Kim, J.; Lee, H.; Oh, S. B.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Seo, S. h.; Yang, U. K.; Yoo, H. D.; Yu, G. B.; Choi, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, J. S. H.; Park, I. C.; Ryu, G.; Ryu, M. S.; Choi, Y.; Goh, J.; Hwang, C.; Lee, J.; Yu, I.; Dudenas, V.; Juodagalvis, A.; Vaitkus, J.; Ahmed, I.; Ibrahim, Z. A.; Md Ali, M. A. B.; Mohamad Idris, F.; Wan Abdullah, W. A. T.; Yusli, M. N.; Zolkapli, Z.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-De La Cruz, I.; Hernandez-Almada, A.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Magaña Villalba, R.; Mejia Guisao, J.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.; Carrillo Moreno, S.; Oropeza Barrera, C.; Vazquez Valencia, F.; Carpinteyro, S.; Pedraza, I.; Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.; Uribe Estrada, C.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Krofcheck, D.; Butler, P. H.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, M.; Hassan, Q.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khan, W. A.; Saddique, A.; Shah, M. A.; Shoaib, M.; Waqas, M.; Bialkowska, H.; Bluj, M.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Górski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Zalewski, P.; Bunkowski, K.; Byszuk, A.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Misiura, M.; Olszewski, M.; Walczak, M.; Bargassa, P.; Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, C.; Calpas, B.; Di Francesco, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Hollar, J.; Leonardo, N.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Nemallapudi, M. 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R.; Faulkner, J.; Gurpinar, E.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Peltola, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Wang, Z.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Barria, P.; Cox, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Neu, C.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Buchanan, J.; Caillol, C.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Savin, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Woods, N.; CMS Collaboration

2017-09-01

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton-proton collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at √{ s} = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb-1. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: λ ([ - 0.011 , 0.011 ]), Δκγ ([ - 0.044 , 0.063 ]), and Δ g1Z ([ - 0.0087 , 0.024 ]). These limits are also translated into their effective field theory equivalents: cWWW /Λ2 ([ - 2.7 , 2.7 ] TeV-2), cB /Λ2 ([ - 14 , 17 ] TeV-2), and cW /Λ2 ([ - 2.0 , 5.7 ] TeV-2).

Time to Go Beyond Triple-Gauge-Boson-Coupling Interpretation of W Pair Production.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhengkang

2017-01-06

W boson pair production processes at e^{+}e^{-} and pp colliders have been conventionally interpreted as measurements of WWZ and WWγ triple gauge couplings (TGCs). Such an interpretation is based on the assumption that new physics effects other than anomalous TGCs are negligible. While this "TGC dominance assumption" was well motivated and useful at LEP2 thanks to precision electroweak constraints, it is already challenged by recent LHC data. In fact, contributions from anomalous Z boson couplings that are allowed by electroweak precision data but neglected in LHC analyses, which are enhanced at high energy, can even dominate over those from the anomalous TGCs considered. This limits the generality of the anomalous TGC constraints derived in current analyses and necessitates extension of the analysis framework and a change of physics interpretation. The issue will persist as we continue to explore the high-energy frontier. We clarify and analyze the situation in the effective field theory framework, which provides a useful organizing principle for understanding standard model deviations in the high-energy regime.

Theoretical constraints on masses of heavy particles in Left-Right symmetric models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakrabortty, J.; Gluza, J.; Jeliński, T.; Srivastava, T.

2016-08-01

Left-Right symmetric models with general gL ≠gR gauge couplings which include bidoublet and triplet scalar multiplets are studied. Possible scalar mass spectra are outlined by imposing Tree-Unitarity, and Vacuum Stability criteria and also using the bounds on neutral scalar masses MHFCNC which assure the absence of Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC). We are focusing on mass spectra relevant for the LHC analysis, i.e., the scalar masses are around TeV scale. As all non-standard heavy particle masses are related to the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the right-handed triplet (vR), the combined effects of relevant Higgs potential parameters and MHFCNC regulate the lower limits of heavy gauge boson masses. The complete set of Renormalization Group Evolutions for all couplings are provided at the 1-loop level, including the mixing effects in the Yukawa sector. Most of the scalar couplings suffer from the Landau poles at the intermediate scale Q ∼106.5 GeV, which in general coincides with violation of the Tree-Unitarity bounds.

Couplings of gravitational currents with Chern-Simons gravities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ertem, Ümit; Açık, Özgür

2013-02-01

The coupling of conserved p-brane currents with non-Abelian gauge theories is done consistently by using Chern-Simons forms. Conserved currents localized on p-branes that have a gravitational origin can be constructed from Killing-Yano forms of the underlying spacetime. We propose a generalization of the coupling procedure with Chern-Simons gravities to the case of gravitational conserved currents. In odd dimensions, the field equations of coupled Chern-Simons gravities that describe the local curvature on p-branes are obtained. In special cases of three and five dimensions, the field equations are investigated in detail.

Lattice QCD phase diagram in and away from the strong coupling limit.

PubMed

de Forcrand, Ph; Langelage, J; Philipsen, O; Unger, W

2014-10-10

We study lattice QCD with four flavors of staggered quarks. In the limit of infinite gauge coupling, "dual" variables can be introduced, which render the finite-density sign problem mild and allow a full determination of the μ-T phase diagram by Monte Carlo simulations, also in the chiral limit. However, the continuum limit coincides with the weak coupling limit. We propose a strong-coupling expansion approach towards the continuum limit. We show first results, including the phase diagram and its chiral critical point, from this expansion truncated at next-to-leading order.

AdS/CFT duality at strong coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beccaria, M.; Ortix, C.

2007-08-01

We study the strong-coupling limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence in the framework of a recently proposed fermionic formulation of the Bethe ansatz equations governing the gauge theory anomalous dimensions. We give examples of states that do not follow the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov law at a large ’t Hooft coupling λ, in contrast to recent results on the quantum string Bethe equations that are valid in that regime. This result indicates that the fermionic construction cannot be trusted at large λ, although it remains an efficient tool for computing the weak-coupling expansion of anomalous dimensions.

A Stochastic Fractional Dynamics Model of Space-time Variability of Rain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kundu, Prasun K.; Travis, James E.

2013-01-01

Rainfall varies in space and time in a highly irregular manner and is described naturally in terms of a stochastic process. A characteristic feature of rainfall statistics is that they depend strongly on the space-time scales over which rain data are averaged. A spectral model of precipitation has been developed based on a stochastic differential equation of fractional order for the point rain rate, that allows a concise description of the second moment statistics of rain at any prescribed space-time averaging scale. The model is thus capable of providing a unified description of the statistics of both radar and rain gauge data. The underlying dynamical equation can be expressed in terms of space-time derivatives of fractional orders that are adjusted together with other model parameters to fit the data. The form of the resulting spectrum gives the model adequate flexibility to capture the subtle interplay between the spatial and temporal scales of variability of rain but strongly constrains the predicted statistical behavior as a function of the averaging length and times scales. We test the model with radar and gauge data collected contemporaneously at the NASA TRMM ground validation sites located near Melbourne, Florida and in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands in the tropical Pacific. We estimate the parameters by tuning them to the second moment statistics of radar data. The model predictions are then found to fit the second moment statistics of the gauge data reasonably well without any further adjustment.

AdS/CFT and local renormalization group with gauge fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kikuchi, Ken; Sakai, Tadakatsu

2016-03-01

We revisit a study of local renormalization group (RG) with background gauge fields incorporated using the AdS/CFT correspondence. Starting with a (d+1)-dimensional bulk gravity coupled to scalars and gauge fields, we derive a local RG equation from a flow equation by working in the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of the bulk theory. The Gauss's law constraint associated with gauge symmetry plays an important role. RG flows of the background gauge fields are governed by vector β-functions, and some of their interesting properties are known to follow. We give a systematic rederivation of them on the basis of the flow equation. Fixing an ambiguity of local counterterms in such a manner that is natural from the viewpoint of the flow equation, we determine all the coefficients uniquely appearing in the trace of the stress tensor for d=4. A relation between a choice of schemes and a virial current is discussed. As a consistency check, these are found to satisfy the integrability conditions of local RG transformations. From these results, we are led to a proof of a holographic c-theorem by determining a full family of schemes where a trace anomaly coefficient is related with a holographic c-function.

M-theory through the looking glass: Tachyon condensation in the E8 heterotic string

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Horava, Petr; Horava, Petr; Keeler, Cynthia A.

2007-09-20

We study the spacetime decay to nothing in string theory and M-theory. First we recall a nonsupersymmetric version of heterotic M-theory, in which bubbles of nothing -- connecting the two E_8 boundaries by a throat -- are expected to be nucleated. We argue that the fate of this system should be addressed at weak string coupling, where the nonperturbative instanton instability is expected to turn into a perturbative tachyonic one. We identify the unique string theory that could describe this process: The heterotic model with one E_8 gauge group and a singlet tachyon. We then use worldsheet methods to studymore » the tachyon condensation in the NSR formulation of this model, and show that it induces a worldsheet super-Higgs effect. The main theme of our analysis is the possibility of making meaningful alternative gauge choices for worldsheet supersymmetry, in place of the conventional superconformal gauge. We show in a version of unitary gauge how the worldsheet gravitino assimilates the goldstino and becomes dynamical. This picture clarifies recent results of Hellerman and Swanson. We also present analogs of R_\\xi gauges, and note the importance of logarithmic CFT in the context of tachyon condensation.« less

Measurement of the Zγ production cross section in pp collisions at 8 TeV and search for anomalous triple gauge boson couplings

DOE PAGES

Khachatryan, Vardan

2015-04-29

The cross section for the production of Zγ in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV is measured based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb -1. Events with an oppositely-charged pair of muons or electrons together with an isolated photon are selected. Furthermore, the differential cross section as a function of the photon transverse momentum is measured inclusively and exclusively, where the exclusive selection applies a veto on central jets. These observed cross sections are compatible with the expectations of next-to-next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics. As a result, limits on anomalous triplemore » gauge couplings of ZZγ and Zγγ are set that improve on previous experimental results obtained with the charged lepton decay modes of the Z boson.« less

Perturbative search for dead-end CFTs

DOE PAGES

Nakayama, Yu

2015-05-08

To explore the possibility of self-organized criticality, we look for CFTs without any relevant scalar deformations (a.k.a. dead-end CFTs) within power-counting renormalizable quantum field theories with a weakly coupled Lagrangian description. In three dimensions, the only candidates are pure (Abelian) gauge theories, which may be further deformed by Chern-Simons terms. In four dimensions, we show that there are infinitely many non-trivial candidates based on chiral gauge theories. Using the three-loop beta functions, we compute the gap of scaling dimensions above the marginal value, and it can be as small as O(10 –5) and robust against the perturbative corrections. These classesmore » of candidates are very weakly coupled and our perturbative conclusion seems difficult to refute. Furthermore, the hypothesis that non-trivial dead-end CFTs do not exist is likely to be false in four dimensions.« less

Dark matter in E 6 Grand unification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwichtenberg, Jakob

2018-02-01

We discuss fermionic dark matter in non-supersymmetric E 6 Grand Unification. The fundamental representation of E 6 contains, in addition to the standard model fermions, exotic fermions and we argue that one of them is a viable, interesting dark matter candidate. Its stability is guaranteed by a discrete remnant symmetry, which is an unbroken subgroup of the E 6 gauge symmetry. We compute the symmetry breaking scales and the effect of possible threshold corrections by solving the renormalization group equations numerically after imposing gauge coupling unification. Since the Yukawa couplings of the exotic and the standard model fermions have a common origin, the mass of the dark matter particles is constrained. We find a mass range of 3 · 109 GeV ≲ m DM ≲ 1 · 1013 GeV for our E 6 dark matter candidate, which is within the reach of next-generation direct detection experiments.

Non-Abelian fermionization and fractional quantum Hall transitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hui, Aaron; Mulligan, Michael; Kim, Eun-Ah

There has been a recent surge of interest in dualities relating theories of Chern-Simons gauge fields coupled to either bosons or fermions within the condensed matter community, particularly in the context of topological insulators and the half-filled Landau level. Here, we study the application of one such duality to the long-standing problem of quantum Hall interplateaux transitions. The key motivating experimental observations are the anomalously large value of the correlation length There has been a recent surge of interest in dualities relating theories of Chern-Simons gauge fields coupled to either bosons or fermions within the condensed matter community, particularly in the context of topological insulators and the half-filled Landau level. Here, we study the application of one such duality to the long-standing problem of quantum Hall inter-plateaux transitions. The key motivating experimental observations are the anomalously large value of the correlation length exponentmore » $$\

Non-Abelian fermionization and fractional quantum Hall transitions

DOE PAGES

Hui, Aaron; Mulligan, Michael; Kim, Eun-Ah

2018-02-08

There has been a recent surge of interest in dualities relating theories of Chern-Simons gauge fields coupled to either bosons or fermions within the condensed matter community, particularly in the context of topological insulators and the half-filled Landau level. Here, we study the application of one such duality to the long-standing problem of quantum Hall interplateaux transitions. The key motivating experimental observations are the anomalously large value of the correlation length There has been a recent surge of interest in dualities relating theories of Chern-Simons gauge fields coupled to either bosons or fermions within the condensed matter community, particularly in the context of topological insulators and the half-filled Landau level. Here, we study the application of one such duality to the long-standing problem of quantum Hall inter-plateaux transitions. The key motivating experimental observations are the anomalously large value of the correlation length exponentmore » $$\

Production of single W bosons at LEP and measurement of WW@c gauge coupling parameters [rapid communication] L3 Collaboration, P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz,

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagnaia, P.; Bajo, A.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Baldew, S. V.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, S.; Barczyk, A.; Barillere, R.; Bartalini, P.; Basile, M.; Batalova, N.; Battiston, R.; Bay, A.; Becattini, F.; Becker, U.; Behner, F.; Bellucci, L.; Berbeco, R.; Berdugo, J.; Berges, P.; Bertucci, B.; Betev, B. L.; Biasini, M.; Biglietti, M.; Biland, A.; Blaising, J. J.; Blyth, S. C.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bohm, A.; Boldizsar, L.; Borgia, B.; Bottai, S.; Bourilkov, D.; Bourquin, M.; Braccini, S.; Branson, J. G.; Brochu, F.; Burger, J. D.; Burger, W. J.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Romeo, G. Cara; Carlino, G.; Cartacci, A.; Casaus, J.; Cavallari, F.; Cavallo, N.; Cecchi, C.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo, M.; Chang, Y. H.; Chemarin, M.; Chen, A.; Chen, G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, H. S.; Chiefari, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Clare, I.; Clare, R.; Coignet, G.; Colino, N.; Costantini, S.; de la Cruz, B.; Cucciarelli, S.; van Dalen, J. A.; de Asmundis, R.; Deglon, P.; Debreczeni, J.; Degre, A.; Dehmelt, K.; Deiters, K.; della Volpe, D.; Delmeire, E.; Denes, P.; DeNotaristefani, F.; De Salvo, A.; Diemoz, M.; Dierckxsens, M.; Dionisi, C.; Dittmar, M.; Doria, A.; Dova, M. T.; Duchesneau, D.; Echenard, B.; Eline, A.; El Mamouni, H.; Engler, A.; Eppling, F. J.; Ewers, A.; Extermann, P.; Falagan, M. A.; Falciano, S.; Favara, A.; Fay, J.; Fedin, O.; Felcini, M.; Ferguson, T.; Fesefeldt, H.; Fiandrini, E.; Field, J. H.; Filthaut, F.; Fisher, P. H.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, I.; Forconi, G.; Freudenreich, K.; Furetta, C.; Galaktionov, Y.; Ganguli, S. N.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gataullin, M.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Gong, Z. F.; Grenier, G.; Grimm, O.; Gruenewald, M. W.; Guida, M.; van Gulik, R.; Gupta, V. K.; Gurtu, A.; Gutay, L. J.; Haas, D.; Hakobyan, R. S.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hebbeker, T.; Herve, A.; Hirschfelder, J.; Hofer, H.; Hohlmann, M.; Holzner, G.; Hou, S. R.; Hu, Y.; Jin, B. N.; Jones, L. W.; de Jong, P.; Josa-Mutuberra, I.; Kafer, D.; Kaur, M.; Kienzle-Focacci, M. N.; Kim, J. K.; Kirkby, J.; Kittel, W.; Klimentov, A.; Konig, A. C.; Kopal, M.; Koutsenko, V.; Kraber, M.; Kraemer, R. W.; Krenz, W.; Kruger, A.; Kunin, A.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Laktineh, I.; Landi, G.; Lebeau, M.; Lebedev, A.; Lebrun, P.; Lecomte, P.; Lecoq, P.; Le Coultre, P.; Le Goff, J. M.; Leiste, R.; Levtchenko, M.; Levtchenko, P.; Li, C.; Likhoded, S.; Lin, C. H.; Lin, W. T.; Linde, F. L.; Lista, L.; Liu, Z. A.; Lohmann, W.; Longo, E.; Lu, Y. S.; Lubelsmeyer, K.; Luci, C.; Luminari, L.; Lustermann, W.; Ma, W. G.; Malgeri, L.; Malinin, A.; Mana, C.; Mangeol, D.; Mans, J.; Martin, J. P.; Marzano, F.; Mazumdar, K.; McNeil, R. R.; Mele, S.; Merola, L.; Meschini, M.; Metzger, W. J.; Mihul, A.; Milcent, H.; Mirabelli, G.; Mnich, J.; Mohanty, G. B.; Muanza, G. S.; Muijs, A. J. M.; Musicar, B.; Musy, M.; Nagy, S.; Natale, S.; Napolitano, M.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Newman, H.; Niessen, T.; Nisati, A.; Nowak, H.; Ofierzynski, R.; Organtini, G.; Palomares, C.; Pandoulas, D.; Paolucci, P.; Paramatti, R.; Passaleva, G.; Patricelli, S.; Paul, T.; Pauluzzi, M.; Paus, C.; Pauss, F.; Pedace, M.; Pensotti, S.; Perret-Gallix, D.; Petersen, B.; Piccolo, D.; Pierella, F.; Pioppi, M.; Piroue, P. A.; Pistolesi, E.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Pojidaev, V.; Pothier, J.; Prokofiev, D. O.; Prokofiev, D.; Quartieri, J.; Rahal-Callot, G.; Rahaman, M. A.; Raics, P.; Raja, N.; Ramelli, R.; Rancoita, P. G.; Ranieri, R.; Raspereza, A.; Razis, P.; Ren, D.; Rescigno, M.; Reucroft, S.; Riemann, S.; Riles, K.; Roe, B. P.; Romero, L.; Rosca, A.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Roth, S.; Rosenbleck, C.; Roux, B.; Rubio, J. A.; Ruggiero, G.; Rykaczewski, H.; Sakharov, A.; Saremi, S.; Sarkar, S.; Salicio, J.; Sanchez, E.; Sanders, M. P.; Schafer, C.; Schegelsky, V.; Schmidt-Kaerst, S.; Schmitz, D.; Schopper, H.; Schotanus, D. J.; Schwering, G.; Sciacca, C.; Servoli, L.; Shevchenko, S.; Shivarov, N.; Shoutko, V.; Shumilov, E.; Shvorob, A.; Siedenburg, T.; Son, D.; Souga, C.; Spillantini, P.; Steuer, M.; Stickland, D. P.; Stoyanov, B.; Straessner, A.; Sudhakar, K.; Sultanov, G.; Sun, L. Z.; Sushkov, S.; Suter, H.; Swain, J. D.; Szillasi, Z.; Tang, X. W.; Tarjan, P.; Tauscher, L.; Taylor, L.; Tellili, B.; Teyssier, D.; Timmermans, C.; Ting, S. C. C.; Ting, S. M.; Tonwar, S. C.; Toth, J.; Tully, C.; Tung, K. L.; Ulbricht, J.; Valente, E.; Van de Walle, R. T.; Vasquez, R.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Vetlitsky, I.; Vicinanza, D.; Viertel, G.; Villa, S.; Vivargent, M.; Vlachos, S.; Vodopianov, I.; Vogel, H.; Vogt, H.; Vorobiev, I.; Vorobyov, A. A.; Wadhwa, M.; Wallraff, W.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Z. M.; Weber, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wilkens, H.; Wynhoff, S.; Xia, L.; Xu, Z. Z.; Yamamoto, J.; Yang, B. Z.; Yang, C. G.; Yang, H. J.; Yang, M.; Yeh, S. C.; Zalite, A.; Zalite, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, J.; Zhu, G. Y.; Zhu, R. Y.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, B.; Zoller, M.

2002-11-01

Single W boson production in electron-positron collisions is studied with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 192 GeV and 209 GeV. Events with two acoplanar hadronic jets or a single energetic lepton are selected, and the single W cross section is measured. Combining the results with measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies, the ratio of the measured cross section to the Standard Model expectation is found to be 1.12^{+0.11}_{-0.10}+/-0.03. From all single W data, the WWgamma gauge coupling parameter kappa_gamma is measured to be 1.116^{+0.082}_{-0.086}+/-0.068.

Dissipationless conductance in a topological coaxial cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuster, Thomas; Iadecola, Thomas; Chamon, Claudio; Jackiw, Roman; Pi, So-Young

2016-09-01

We present a dynamical mechanism leading to dissipationless conductance, whose quantized value is controllable in a (3+1)-dimensional electronic system. The mechanism is exemplified by a theory of Weyl fermions coupled to a Higgs field, also known as an axion insulator. We show that the insertion of an axial gauge flux can induce vortex lines in the Higgs field, similar to the development of vortices in a superconductor upon the insertion of magnetic flux. We further show that the necessary axial gauge flux can be generated using Rashba spin-orbit coupling or a magnetic field. Vortex lines in the Higgs field are known to bind chiral fermionic modes, each of which serves as a one-way channel for electric charge with conductance e2/h . Combining these elements, we present a physical picture, the "topological coaxial cable," illustrating how the value of the quantized conductance could be controlled in such an axion insulator.

Perturbative search for dead-end CFTs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakayama, Yu

To explore the possibility of self-organized criticality, we look for CFTs without any relevant scalar deformations (a.k.a. dead-end CFTs) within power-counting renormalizable quantum field theories with a weakly coupled Lagrangian description. In three dimensions, the only candidates are pure (Abelian) gauge theories, which may be further deformed by Chern-Simons terms. In four dimensions, we show that there are infinitely many non-trivial candidates based on chiral gauge theories. Using the three-loop beta functions, we compute the gap of scaling dimensions above the marginal value, and it can be as small as O(10 –5) and robust against the perturbative corrections. These classesmore » of candidates are very weakly coupled and our perturbative conclusion seems difficult to refute. Furthermore, the hypothesis that non-trivial dead-end CFTs do not exist is likely to be false in four dimensions.« less

Measurement of the WZ production cross section in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] and 8[Formula: see text] and search for anomalous triple gauge couplings at [Formula: see text].

PubMed

Khachatryan, V; Sirunyan, A M; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Asilar, E; Bergauer, T; Brandstetter, J; Brondolin, E; Dragicevic, M; Erö, J; Flechl, M; Friedl, M; Frühwirth, R; Ghete, V M; Hartl, C; Hörmann, N; Hrubec, J; Jeitler, M; König, A; Krätschmer, I; Liko, D; Matsushita, T; Mikulec, I; Rabady, D; Rad, N; Rahbaran, B; Rohringer, H; Schieck, J; Strauss, J; Treberer-Treberspurg, W; Waltenberger, W; Wulz, C-E; Mossolov, V; Shumeiko, N; Gonzalez, J Suarez; Alderweireldt, S; De Wolf, E A; Janssen, X; Lauwers, J; Van De Klundert, M; Van Haevermaet, H; Van Mechelen, P; Van Remortel, N; Van Spilbeeck, A; Zeid, S Abu; Blekman, F; D'Hondt, J; Daci, N; De Bruyn, I; Deroover, K; Heracleous, N; Lowette, S; Moortgat, S; Moreels, L; Olbrechts, A; Python, Q; Tavernier, S; Van Doninck, W; Van Mulders, P; Van Parijs, I; Brun, H; Caillol, C; Clerbaux, B; De Lentdecker, G; Delannoy, H; Fasanella, G; Favart, L; Goldouzian, R; Grebenyuk, A; Karapostoli, G; Lenzi, T; Léonard, A; Luetic, J; Maerschalk, T; Marinov, A; Randle-Conde, A; Seva, T; Vander Velde, C; Vanlaer, P; Yonamine, R; Zenoni, F; Zhang, F; Cimmino, A; Cornelis, T; Dobur, D; Fagot, A; Garcia, G; Gul, M; Poyraz, D; Salva, S; Schöfbeck, R; Tytgat, M; Van Driessche, W; Yazgan, E; Zaganidis, N; Bakhshiansohi, H; Beluffi, C; Bondu, O; Brochet, S; Bruno, G; Caudron, A; De Visscher, S; Delaere, C; Delcourt, M; Forthomme, L; Francois, B; Giammanco, A; Jafari, A; Jez, P; Komm, M; Lemaitre, V; Magitteri, A; Mertens, A; Musich, M; Nuttens, C; Piotrzkowski, K; Quertenmont, L; Selvaggi, M; Marono, M Vidal; Wertz, S; Beliy, N; Júnior, W L Aldá; Alves, F L; Alves, G A; Brito, L; Hensel, C; Moraes, A; Pol, M E; Teles, P Rebello; Chagas, E Belchior Batista Das; Carvalho, W; Chinellato, J; Custódio, A; Da Costa, E M; Da Silveira, G G; De Jesus Damiao, D; De Oliveira Martins, C; De Souza, S Fonseca; Guativa, L M Huertas; Malbouisson, H; Figueiredo, D Matos; Herrera, C Mora; Mundim, L; Nogima, H; Da Silva, W L Prado; Santoro, A; Sznajder, A; Manganote, E J Tonelli; Pereira, A Vilela; Ahuja, S; Bernardes, C A; Dogra, S; Tomei, T R Fernandez Perez; Gregores, E M; Mercadante, P G; Moon, C S; Novaes, S F; Padula, Sandra S; Abad, D Romero; Vargas, J C Ruiz; Aleksandrov, A; Hadjiiska, R; Iaydjiev, P; Rodozov, M; Stoykova, S; Sultanov, G; Vutova, M; Dimitrov, A; Glushkov, I; Litov, L; Pavlov, B; Petkov, P; Fang, W; Ahmad, M; Bian, J G; Chen, G M; Chen, H S; Chen, M; Chen, Y; Cheng, T; Jiang, C H; Leggat, D; Liu, Z; Romeo, F; Shaheen, S M; Spiezia, A; Tao, J; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Zhang, H; Zhao, J; Ban, Y; Chen, G; Li, Q; Liu, S; Mao, Y; Qian, S J; Wang, D; Xu, Z; Avila, C; Cabrera, A; Sierra, L F Chaparro; Florez, C; Gomez, J P; Hernández, C F González; Alvarez, J D Ruiz; Sanabria, J C; Godinovic, N; Lelas, D; Puljak, I; Cipriano, P M Ribeiro; Antunovic, Z; Kovac, M; Brigljevic, V; Ferencek, D; Kadija, K; Micanovic, S; Sudic, L; Susa, T; Attikis, A; Mavromanolakis, G; Mousa, J; Nicolaou, C; Ptochos, F; Razis, P A; Rykaczewski, H; Finger, M; Finger, M; Jarrin, E Carrera; Elgammal, S; Mohamed, A; Salama, E; Calpas, B; Kadastik, M; Murumaa, M; Perrini, L; Raidal, M; Tiko, A; Veelken, C; Eerola, P; Pekkanen, J; Voutilainen, M; Härkönen, J; Karimäki, V; Kinnunen, R; Lampén, T; Lassila-Perini, K; Lehti, S; Lindén, T; Luukka, P; Peltola, T; Tuominiemi, J; Tuovinen, E; Wendland, L; Talvitie, J; Tuuva, T; Besancon, M; Couderc, F; Dejardin, M; Denegri, D; Fabbro, B; Faure, J L; Favaro, C; Ferri, F; Ganjour, S; Ghosh, S; Givernaud, A; Gras, P; de Monchenault, G Hamel; Jarry, P; Kucher, I; Locci, E; Machet, M; Malcles, J; Rander, J; Rosowsky, A; Titov, M; Zghiche, A; Abdulsalam, A; Antropov, I; Baffioni, S; Beaudette, F; Busson, P; Cadamuro, L; Chapon, E; Charlot, C; Davignon, O; de Cassagnac, R Granier; Jo, M; Lisniak, S; Miné, P; Nguyen, M; Ochando, C; Ortona, G; Paganini, P; Pigard, P; Regnard, S; Salerno, R; Sirois, Y; Strebler, T; Yilmaz, Y; Zabi, A; Agram, J-L; Andrea, J; Aubin, A; Bloch, D; Brom, J-M; Buttignol, M; Chabert, E C; Chanon, N; Collard, C; Conte, E; 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Smith, W H; Taylor, D; Woods, N

2017-01-01

The WZ production cross section is measured by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.9[Formula: see text] collected at [Formula: see text], and 19.6[Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. The measurements are performed using the fully-leptonic WZ decay modes with electrons and muons in the final state. The measured cross sections for [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. Differential cross sections with respect to the [Formula: see text] boson [Formula: see text], the leading jet [Formula: see text], and the number of jets are obtained using the [Formula: see text] data. The results are consistent with standard model predictions and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings are obtained.

Gauge assisted quadratic gravity: A framework for UV complete quantum gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donoghue, John F.; Menezes, Gabriel

2018-06-01

We discuss a variation of quadratic gravity in which the gravitational interaction remains weakly coupled at all energies, but is assisted by a Yang-Mills gauge theory which becomes strong at the Planck scale. The Yang-Mills interaction is used to induce the usual Einstein-Hilbert term, which was taken to be small or absent in the original action. We study the spin-two propagator in detail, with a focus on the high mass resonance which is shifted off the real axis by the coupling to real decay channels. We calculate scattering in the J =2 partial wave and show explicitly that unitarity is satisfied. The theory will in general have a large cosmological constant and we study possible solutions to this, including a unimodular version of the theory. Overall, the theory satisfies our present tests for being a ultraviolet completion of quantum gravity.

Graphite nanoplatelet enabled embeddable fiber sensor for in situ curing monitoring and structural health monitoring of polymeric composites.

PubMed

Luo, Sida; Liu, Tao

2014-06-25

A graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) thin film enabled 1D fiber sensor (GNP-FibSen) was fabricated by a continuous roll-to-roll spray coating process, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy and evaluated by coupled electrical-mechanical tensile testing. The neat GNP-FibSen sensor shows very high gauge sensitivity with a gauge factor of ∼17. By embedding the sensor in fiberglass prepreg laminate parts, the dual functionalities of the GNP-FibSen sensor were demonstrated. In the manufacturing process, the resistance change of the embedded sensor provides valuable local resin curing information. After the manufacturing process, the same sensor is able to map the strain/stress states and detect the failure of the host composite. The superior durability of the embedded GNP-FibSen sensor has been demonstrated through 10,000 cycles of coupled electromechanical tests.

Diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction for coupled-cluster wave-functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shamasundar, K. R.

2018-06-01

We examine how geometry-dependent normalisation freedom of electronic wave-functions affects extraction of a meaningful diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction (DBOC) to the ground-state Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface (PES). By viewing this freedom as a kind of gauge-freedom, it is shown that DBOC and the resulting associated mass-dependent adiabatic PES are gauge-invariant quantities. A sum-over-states (SOS) formula for DBOC which explicitly exhibits this invariance is derived. A biorthogonal formulation suitable for DBOC computations using standard unnormalised coupled-cluster (CC) wave-functions is presented. This is shown to lead to a biorthogonal version of SOS formula with similar properties. On this basis, different computational schemes for evaluating DBOC using approximate CC wave-functions are derived. One of this agrees with the formula used in the current literature. The connection to adiabatic-to-diabatic transformations in non-adiabatic dynamics is explored and complications arising from biorthogonal nature of CC theory are identified.

Measurement of the Z γ production cross section in pp collisions at 8 TeV and search for anomalous triple gauge boson couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Kiesenhofer, W.; Knünz, V.; Krammer, M.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schöfbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Alderweireldt, S.; Bansal, S.; Cornelis, T.; De Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; Ochesanu, S.; Rougny, R.; Van De Klundert, M.; Van Haevermaet, H.; Van Mechelen, P.; Van Remortel, N.; Van Spilbeeck, A.; Blekman, F.; Blyweert, S.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Maes, M.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; Van Doninck, W.; Van Mulders, P.; Van Onsem, G. P.; Villella, I.; Caillol, C.; Clerbaux, B.; De Lentdecker, G.; Dobur, D.; Favart, L.; Gay, A. P. 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E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; Da Costa, E. M.; De Jesus Damiao, D.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca De Souza, S.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado Da Silva, W. L.; Santaolalla, J.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Bernardes, C. A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Aleksandrov, A.; Genchev, V.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Marinov, A.; Piperov, S.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Du, R.; Jiang, C. H.; Plestina, R.; Romeo, F.; Tao, J.; Wang, Z.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Zou, W.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Sanabria, J. 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R.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaves, J.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Eggert, N.; Mirman, N.; Nicolas Kaufman, G.; Patterson, J. R.; Ryd, A.; Salvati, E.; Skinnari, L.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.; Winn, D.; Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Grünendahl, S.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Hare, D.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Kwan, S.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, T.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Martinez Outschoorn, V. 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C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Pedro, K.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Di Matteo, L.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Klute, M.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zanetti, M.; Zhukova, V.; Dahmes, B.; Gude, A.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Pastika, N.; Rusack, R.; Singovsky, A.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Keller, J.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Meier, F.; Ratnikov, F.; Snow, G. 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P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Kaplan, S.; Lath, A.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Patel, R.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; York, A.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Eusebi, R.; Flanagan, W.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Krutelyov, V.; Montalvo, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Perloff, A.; Roe, J.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Suarez, I.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Kunori, S.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Volobouev, I.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Sharma, M.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Arenton, M. W.; Boutle, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Wood, J.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Friis, E.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Levine, A.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ross, I.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Vuosalo, C.; Woods, N.

2015-04-01

The cross section for the production of Z γ in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV is measured based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1. Events with an oppositely-charged pair of muons or electrons together with an isolated photon are selected. The differential cross section as a function of the photon transverse momentum is measured inclusively and exclusively, where the exclusive selection applies a veto on central jets. The observed cross sections are compatible with the expectations of next-to-next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings of ZZ γ and Z γγ are set that improve on previous experimental results obtained with the charged lepton decay modes of the Z boson. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurements of the pp → Wγγ and pp → Zγγ cross sections and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings at √{s}=8 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

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T.; Jensen, F.; Johnson, A.; Krohn, M.; Leontsinis, S.; Mulholland, T.; Stenson, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Alexander, J.; Chaves, J.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Mcdermott, K.; Mirman, N.; Patterson, J. R.; Rinkevicius, A.; Ryd, A.; Skinnari, L.; Soffi, L.; Tan, S. M.; Tao, Z.; Thom, J.; Tucker, J.; Wittich, P.; Zientek, M.; Winn, D.; Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Apollinari, G.; Apresyan, A.; Banerjee, S.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Cremonesi, M.; Duarte, J.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Grünendahl, S.; Gutsche, O.; Harris, R. M.; Hasegawa, S.; Hirschauer, J.; Hu, Z.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Lammel, S.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, M.; Liu, T.; Lopes De Sá, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Magini, N.; Marraffino, J. M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mrenna, S.; Nahn, S.; O'Dell, V.; Pedro, K.; Prokofyev, O.; Rakness, G.; Ristori, L.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Stoynev, S.; Strait, J.; Strobbe, N.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vernieri, C.; Verzocchi, M.; Vidal, R.; Wang, M.; Weber, H. A.; Whitbeck, A.; Wu, Y.; Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Carnes, A.; Carver, M.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; Field, R. D.; Furic, I. K.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Low, J. F.; Ma, P.; Matchev, K.; Mei, H.; Mitselmakher, G.; Rank, D.; Shchutska, L.; Sperka, D.; Thomas, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; Yelton, J.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.; Ackert, A.; Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bein, S.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Kolberg, T.; Perry, T.; Prosper, H.; Santra, A.; Yohay, R.; Baarmand, M. M.; Bhopatkar, V.; Colafranceschi, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Noonan, D.; Roy, T.; Yumiceva, F.; Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Cavanaugh, R.; Chen, X.; Evdokimov, O.; Gerber, C. E.; Hangal, D. A.; Hofman, D. J.; Jung, K.; Kamin, J.; Sandoval Gonzalez, I. D.; Trauger, H.; Varelas, N.; Wang, H.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Durgut, S.; Gandrajula, R. P.; Haytmyradov, M.; Khristenko, V.; Merlo, J.-P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Snyder, C.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yi, K.; Blumenfeld, B.; Cocoros, A.; Eminizer, N.; Fehling, D.; Feng, L.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Roskes, J.; Sarica, U.; Swartz, M.; Xiao, M.; You, C.; Al-bataineh, A.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Boren, S.; Bowen, J.; Castle, J.; Forthomme, L.; Khalil, S.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Majumder, D.; Mcbrayer, W.; Murray, M.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Tapia Takaki, J. D.; Wang, Q.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Maravin, Y.; Mohammadi, A.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Toda, S.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.; Anelli, C.; Baden, A.; Baron, O.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Ferraioli, C.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kunkle, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Ricci-Tam, F.; Shin, Y. H.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Abercrombie, D.; Allen, B.; Apyan, A.; Azzolini, V.; Barbieri, R.; Baty, A.; Bi, R.; Bierwagen, K.; Brandt, S.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; D'Alfonso, M.; Demiragli, Z.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Hsu, D.; Iiyama, Y.; Innocenti, G. M.; Klute, M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krajczar, K.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Maier, B.; Marini, A. C.; Mcginn, C.; Mironov, C.; Narayanan, S.; Niu, X.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Tatar, K.; Velicanu, D.; Wang, J.; Wang, T. W.; Wyslouch, B.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Evans, A.; Hansen, P.; Kalafut, S.; Kao, S. C.; Kubota, Y.; Lesko, Z.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rusack, R.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Claes, D. R.; Fangmeier, C.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Kamalieddin, R.; Kravchenko, I.; Malta Rodrigues, A.; Monroy, J.; Siado, J. E.; Snow, G. R.; Stieger, B.; Alyari, M.; Dolen, J.; Godshalk, A.; Harrington, C.; Iashvili, I.; Nguyen, D.; Parker, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Roozbahani, B.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Hortiangtham, A.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Teixeira De Lima, R.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R.-J.; Wood, D.; Bhattacharya, S.; Charaf, O.; Hahn, K. A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Schmitt, M. H.; Sung, K.; Trovato, M.; Velasco, M.; Dev, N.; Hildreth, M.; Hurtado Anampa, K.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Marinelli, N.; Meng, F.; Mueller, C.; Musienko, Y.; Planer, M.; Reinsvold, A.; Ruchti, R.; Rupprecht, N.; Smith, G.; Taroni, S.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.; Alimena, J.; Antonelli, L.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Francis, B.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Ji, W.; Liu, B.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Winer, B. L.; Wulsin, H. W.; Cooperstein, S.; Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Lange, D.; Luo, J.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mei, K.; Ojalvo, I.; Olsen, J.; Palmer, C.; Piroué, P.; Stickland, D.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Tully, C.; Malik, S.; Barker, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Folgueras, S.; Gutay, L.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, A. W.; Khatiwada, A.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Schulte, J. F.; Sun, J.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.; Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Chen, Z.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Guilbaud, M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Northup, M.; Padley, B. P.; Roberts, J.; Rorie, J.; Tu, Z.; Zabel, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Duh, Y. t.; Ferbel, T.; Galanti, M.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Han, J.; Hindrichs, O.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Lo, K. H.; Tan, P.; Verzetti, M.; Agapitos, A.; Chou, J. P.; Gershtein, Y.; Gómez Espinosa, T. A.; Halkiadakis, E.; Heindl, M.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Kyriacou, S.; Lath, A.; Montalvo, R.; Nash, K.; Osherson, M.; Saka, H.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Delannoy, A. G.; Foerster, M.; Heideman, J.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; Thapa, K.; Bouhali, O.; Celik, A.; Dalchenko, M.; De Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Huang, T.; Juska, E.; Kamon, T.; Mueller, R.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Perniè, L.; Rathjens, D.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Damgov, J.; De Guio, F.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Gurpinar, E.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Peltola, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Wang, Z.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Barria, P.; Cox, B.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Neu, C.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Sturdy, J.; Zaleski, S.; Belknap, D. A.; Buchanan, J.; Caillol, C.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Hussain, U.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Savin, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Woods, N.

2017-10-01

Measurements are presented of Wγγ and Zγγ production in proton-proton collisions. Fiducial cross sections are reported based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb-1 collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. Signal is identified through the W → ℓν and Z → ℓℓ decay modes, where ℓ is a muon or an electron. The production of Wγγ and Zγγ, measured with significances of 2.6 and 5.9 standard deviations, respectively, is consistent with standard model predictions. In addition, limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in Wγγ production are determined in the context of a dimension-8 effective field theory. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Gauge field localization on brane worlds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guerrero, Rommel; Rodriguez, R. Omar; Melfo, Alejandra

2010-04-15

We consider the effects of spacetime curvature and brane thickness on the localization of gauge fields on a brane via kinetic terms induced by localized fermions. We find that in a warped geometry with an infinitely thin brane, both the infrared and the ultraviolet behavior of the electromagnetic propagator are affected, providing a more stringent bound on the brane's tension than that coming from the requirement of four-dimensional gravity on the brane. On the other hand, for a thick wall in a flat spacetime, where the fermions are localized by means of a Yukawa coupling, we find that four-dimensional electromagnetismmore » is recovered in a region bounded from above by the same critical distance appearing in the thin case, but also from below by a new scale related to the brane's thickness and the electromagnetic couplings. This imposes very stringent bounds on the brane's thickness which seem to invalidate the localization mechanism for this case.« less

Synthetic Spin-Orbit and Light Field Coupling in Ultra-cold Quantum Gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Lin

Ultra-cold quantum gases subjected to light-induced synthetic gauge potentials have become an emergent field of theoretical and experimental studies. Because of the novel application of two-photon Raman transitions, ultra-cold neutral atoms behave like charged particles in magnetic field. The Raman coupling naturally gives rise to an effective spin-orbit interaction which couples the atoms center-of-mass motion to its selected pseudo-spin degrees of freedom. Combined with unprecedented controllability of interactions, geometry, disorder strength, spectroscopy, and high resolution measurement of momentum distribution, etc., we are truly in an exciting era of fulfilling and going beyond Richard Feynman's vision. of realizing quantum simulators to better understand the quantum mechanical nature of the universe, manifested immensely in the ultra-cold regimes. In this dissertation, we present a collection of theoretical progresses made by the doctoral candidate and his colleagues and collaborators. From the past few years of work, we mainly address three aspects of the synthetic spin-orbit and light field induced coupling in ultracold quantum gases: a) The ground-state physics of singleparticle system, two-body bound states, and many-body systems, all of which are subjected to spin-orbit coupling originated from synthetic gauge potentials; b) The symmetry breaking, topological phase transition and quench dynamics, which are conveniently offered by the realized experimental setup; c) The proposal and implications of light field induced dynamical spin-orbit coupling for atoms inside optical cavity. Our work represents an important advancement of theoretical understanding to the active research frontier of ultra-cold atom physics with spin-orbit coupling.

A unified explanation for the diverse structural deviations reported for adult schizophrenics with disrupted speech.

PubMed

Chaika, E

1982-06-01

This paper attempts a unified explanation for the diverse manifestations of deviant speech considered pathognomic for schizophrenia. Examination of the structure of such speech shows that what appear to be diverse errors are really manifestations of two problems: apparently random or erroneous triggering of sounds and words coupled with inappropriate perseverations. These are shown to be different manifestations of the same problem, possibly a schizophrenic dysfunction in neurotransmitters in the brain.. Studies of hemispheric asymetry in schizophrenia, involuntary eyetracking, and the probable action of antipsychotic medication confirm the linguistic data.

Inflection-point inflation in a hyper-charge oriented U ( 1 ) X model

DOE PAGES

Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi; Raut, Digesh

2017-03-31

Inflection-point inflation is an interesting possibility to realize a successful slow-roll inflation when inflation is driven by a single scalar field with its value during inflation below the Planck mass (ΦI≲M Pl). In order for a renormalization group (RG) improved effective λΦ 4 potential to develop an inflection-point, the running quartic coupling λ(Φ) must exhibit a minimum with an almost vanishing value in its RG evolution, namely λ(Φ I)≃0 and β λ(ΦI)≃0, where β λ is the beta-function of the quartic coupling. Here in this paper, we consider the inflection-point inflation in the context of the minimal gauged U(1) Xmore » extended Standard Model (SM), which is a generalization of the minimal U(1) B$-$L model, and is constructed as a linear combination of the SM U(1) Y and U(1) B$-$L gauge symmetries. We identify the U(1) X Higgs field with the inflaton field. For a successful inflection-point inflation to be consistent with the current cosmological observations, the mass ratios among the U(1) X gauge boson, the right-handed neutrinos and the U(1) X Higgs boson are fixed. Focusing on the case that the extra U(1) X gauge symmetry is mostly aligned along the SM U(1) Y direction, we investigate a consistency between the inflationary predictions and the latest LHC Run-2 results on the search for a narrow resonance with the di-lepton final state.« less

Inflection-point inflation in a hyper-charge oriented U ( 1 ) X model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Okada, Nobuchika; Okada, Satomi; Raut, Digesh

Inflection-point inflation is an interesting possibility to realize a successful slow-roll inflation when inflation is driven by a single scalar field with its value during inflation below the Planck mass (ΦI≲M Pl). In order for a renormalization group (RG) improved effective λΦ 4 potential to develop an inflection-point, the running quartic coupling λ(Φ) must exhibit a minimum with an almost vanishing value in its RG evolution, namely λ(Φ I)≃0 and β λ(ΦI)≃0, where β λ is the beta-function of the quartic coupling. Here in this paper, we consider the inflection-point inflation in the context of the minimal gauged U(1) Xmore » extended Standard Model (SM), which is a generalization of the minimal U(1) B$-$L model, and is constructed as a linear combination of the SM U(1) Y and U(1) B$-$L gauge symmetries. We identify the U(1) X Higgs field with the inflaton field. For a successful inflection-point inflation to be consistent with the current cosmological observations, the mass ratios among the U(1) X gauge boson, the right-handed neutrinos and the U(1) X Higgs boson are fixed. Focusing on the case that the extra U(1) X gauge symmetry is mostly aligned along the SM U(1) Y direction, we investigate a consistency between the inflationary predictions and the latest LHC Run-2 results on the search for a narrow resonance with the di-lepton final state.« less

Dual of the Janus solution: An interface conformal field theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clark, A.B.; Karch, A.; Freedman, D.Z.

2005-03-15

We propose and study a specific gauge theory dual of the smooth, nonsupersymmetric (and apparently stable) Janus solution of Type IIB supergravity found in Bak et al. [J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2003) 072]. The dual field theory is N=4 SYM theory on two half-spaces separated by a planar interface with different coupling constants in each half-space. We assume that the position dependent coupling multiplies the operator L{sup '} which is the fourth descendent of the primary TrX{sup {l_brace}}{sup I}X{sup J{r_brace}} and closely related to the N=4 Lagrangian density. At the classical level supersymmetry is broken explicitly, but SO(3,2) conformalmore » symmetry is preserved. We use conformal perturbation theory to study various correlation functions to first and second order in the discontinuity of g{sub YM}{sup 2}, confirming quantum level conformal symmetry. Certain quantities such as the vacuum expectation value are protected to all orders in g{sub YM}{sup 2}N, and we find perfect agreement between the weak coupling value in the gauge theory and the strong coupling gravity result. SO(3,2) symmetry requires vanishing vacuum energy, =0, and this is confirmed in first order in the discontinuity.« less

A Meaurement of the W + W - production cross section in p$$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV in the DiLepton channel and limits on anomalous WWZ/γ couplings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGivern, Dustin

2005-12-23

Measurements of the production cross section of W + W - pairs in pmore » $$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at 1.96 TeV and limits on trilinear gauge boson coupling (TGC) parameters are presented. The data were recorded with the CDF experiment at Tevatron during the 2001 and 2002 data taking periods in which a total integrated luminosity of 184 pb -1 was collected. The data sample was filtered for events with two leptonic w boson decays where the charged leptons can be either electrons or muons. 17 events are observed against an expected background of 5.0$$+2.2\\atop{-0.8}$$ events. The resulting cross-section is found to be σ(p$$\\bar{p}$$ → W + W -) = 14.5$$+5.8\\atop{-5.1}$$(stat)$$+1.8\\atop{-3.0}$$(syst) ± 0.9(lum) pb and agrees well with the Standard Model expectation. Limits on the TGC parameters Δκ and λ are set under both the equal coupling scheme, that assumes the W boson couples identically to the Z and γ, and the HISZ coupling scheme, that requires the couplings to respect SU(2) L x &(1) Y gauge symmetry. In both cases this is achieved by using a likelihood fit to the lepton-P T distribution of the 17 candidate events. The resulting limits are found to be: -0.4 < Δκ < +0.6(λ = 0); -0.3 < λ < +0.4 (Δκ = 0) for the EQUAL couplings and -0.7 < Δκ < +0.9 (λ = 0); -0.4 < λ < +0.4 (Δκ = 0) for the HISZ couplings.« less

Search for t Z' associated production induced by t c Z' couplings at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Wei-Shu; Kohda, Masaya; Modak, Tanmoy

2017-07-01

The P5' and RK anomalies, recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration in B →K(*) transitions, may indicate the existence of a new Z' boson, which may arise from gauged Lμ-Lτ symmetry. Flavor-changing neutral current Z' couplings, such as t c Z', can be induced by the presence of extra vector-like quarks. In this paper we study the LHC signatures of the induced right-handed t c Z' coupling that is inspired by, but not directly linked to, the B →K(*) anomalies. The specific processes studied are c g →t Z' and its conjugate process, each followed by Z'→μ+μ-. By constructing an effective theory for the t c Z' coupling, we first explore in a model-independent way the discovery potential of such a Z' at the 14 TeV LHC with 300 and 3000 fb-1 integrated luminosities. We then reinterpret the model-independent results within the gauged Lμ-Lτ model. In connection with t c Z', the model also implies the existence of a flavor-conserving c c Z' coupling, which can drive the c c ¯→Z'→μ+μ- process. Our study shows that existing LHC results for dimuon resonance searches already constrain the c c Z' coupling, and that the Z' can be discovered in either or both of the c g →t Z' and c c ¯→Z' processes. We further discuss the sensitivity to the left-handed t c Z' coupling and find that the coupling values favored by the B →K(*) anomalies lie slightly below the LHC discovery reach even with 3000 fb-1 .

Asymptotically (A)dS dilaton black holes with nonlinear electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajkhalili, S.; Sheykhi, A.

It is well known that with an appropriate combination of three Liouville-type dilaton potentials, one can construct charged dilaton black holes in an (anti)-de Sitter [(A)dS] spaces in the presence of linear Maxwell field. However, asymptotically (A)dS dilaton black holes coupled to nonlinear gauge field have not been found. In this paper, we construct, for the first time, three new classes of dilaton black hole solutions in the presence of three types of nonlinear electrodynamics, namely Born-Infeld (BI), Logarithmic (LN) and Exponential nonlinear (EN) electrodynamics. All these solutions are asymptotically (A)dS and in the linear regime reduce to the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton (EMd) black holes in (A)dS spaces. We investigate physical properties and the causal structure, as well as asymptotic behavior of the obtained solutions, and show that depending on the values of the metric parameters, the singularity can be covered by various horizons. We also calculate conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the obtained solutions. Interestingly enough, we find that the coupling of dilaton field and nonlinear gauge field in the background of (A)dS spaces leads to a strange behavior for the electric field. We observe that the electric field is zero at singularity and increases smoothly until reaches a maximum value, then it decreases smoothly until goes to zero as r →∞. The maximum value of the electric field increases with increasing the nonlinear parameter β or decreasing the dilaton coupling α and is shifted to the singularity in the absence of either dilaton field (α = 0) or nonlinear gauge field (β →∞).

Baryon asymmetry and gravitational waves from pseudoscalar inflation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiménez, Daniel; Kamada, Kohei; Schmitz, Kai; Xu, Xun-Jie

2017-12-01

In models of inflation driven by an axion-like pseudoscalar field, the inflaton, a, may couple to the standard model hypercharge via a Chern-Simons-type interaction, Script L ⊃ a/(4Λ) Ftilde F. This coupling results in explosive gauge field production during inflation, especially at its last stage, which has interesting phenomenological consequences: For one thing, the primordial hypermagnetic field is maximally helical. It is thus capable of sourcing the generation of nonzero baryon number, via the standard model chiral anomaly, around the time of electroweak symmetry breaking. For another thing, the gauge field production during inflation feeds back into the primordial tensor power spectrum, leaving an imprint in the stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we focus on the correlation between these two phenomena. Working in the approximation of instant reheating, we (1) update the investigation of baryogenesis via hypermagnetic fields from pseudoscalar inflation and (2) examine the corresponding implications for the GW spectrum. We find that successful baryogenesis requires a suppression scale Λ of around Λ ~ 3 × 1017 GeV, which corresponds to a relatively weakly coupled axion. The gauge field production at the end of inflation is then typically accompanied by a peak in the GW spectrum at frequencies in the MHz range or above. The detection of such a peak is out of reach of present-day technology; but in the future, it may serve as a smoking-gun signal for baryogenesis from pseudoscalar inflation. Conversely, models that do yield an observable GW signal suffer from the overproduction of baryon number, unless the reheating temperature is lower than the electroweak scale.

Supergravity models with 50-100 TeV scalars, supersymmetry discovery at the LHC, and gravitino decay constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aboubrahim, Amin; Nath, Pran

2017-10-01

We investigate the possibility of testing supergravity unified models with scalar masses in the range 50-100 TeV and much lighter gaugino masses at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is carried out under the constraints that models produce the Higgs boson mass consistent with experiment and also produce dark matter consistent with WMAP and PLANCK experiments. A set of benchmarks in the supergravity parameter space are investigated using a combination of signal regions which are optimized for the model set. It is found that some of the models with scalar masses in the 50-100 TeV mass range are discoverable with as little as 100 fb-1 of integrated luminosity and should be accessible at the LHC RUN II. The remaining benchmark models are found to be discoverable with less than 1000 fb-1 of integrated luminosity and thus testable in the high luminosity era of the LHC, i.e., at HL-LHC. It is shown that scalar masses in the 50-100 TeV range but gaugino masses much lower in mass produce unification of gauge coupling constants, consistent with experimental data at low scale, with as good an accuracy (and sometimes even better) as models with low [O (1 ) TeV ] weak scale supersymmetry. Decay of the gravitinos for the supergravity model benchmarks are investigated and it is shown that they decay before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Further, we investigate the nonthermal production of neutralinos from gravitino decay and it is found that the nonthermal contribution to the dark matter relic density is negligible relative to that from the thermal production of neutralinos for reheat temperature after inflation up to 1 09 GeV . An analysis of the direct detection of dark matter for supergravity grand unified models (SUGRA) with high scalar masses is also discussed. SUGRA models with scalar masses in the range 50-100 TeV have several other attractive features such as they help alleviate the supersymmetric C P problem and help suppress proton decay from baryon and lepton number violating dimension five operators.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harmark, Troels; Orselli, Marta

We match the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperature of planar N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) on RxS{sup 3} to the Hagedorn temperature of string theory on AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}. The match is done in a near-critical region where both gauge theory and string theory are weakly coupled. The near-critical region is near a point with zero temperature and critical chemical potential. On the gauge-theory side we are taking a decoupling limit found in Ref. 7 in which the physics of planar N=4 SYM is given exactly by the ferromagnetic XXX{sub 1/2} Heisenberg spin chain. We find moreover a general relation between the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperaturemore » and the thermodynamics of the Heisenberg spin chain and we use this to compute it in two distinct regimes. On the string-theory side, we identify the dual limit for which the string tension and string coupling go to zero. This limit is taken of string theory on a maximally supersymmetric pp-wave background with a flat direction, obtained from a Penrose limit of AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}. We compute the Hagedorn temperature of the string theory and find agreement with the Hagedorn/deconfinement temperature computed on the gauge-theory side.« less

Thermalized axion inflation: Natural and monomial inflation with small r

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Ricardo Z.; Notari, Alessio

2018-03-01

A safe way to reheat the Universe, in models of natural and quadratic inflation, is through shift symmetric couplings between the inflaton ϕ and the Standard Model (SM), since they do not generate loop corrections to the potential V (ϕ ). We consider such a coupling to SM gauge fields, of the form ϕ F F ˜/f , with sub-Planckian f . In this case, gauge fields can be exponentially produced already during inflation and thermalize via interactions with charged particles, as pointed out in previous work. This can lead to a plasma of temperature T during inflation, and the thermal masses g T of the gauge bosons can equilibrate the system. In addition, inflaton perturbations δ ϕ can also have a thermal spectrum if they have sufficiently large cross sections with the plasma. In this case, inflationary predictions are strongly modified: (1) scalar perturbations are thermal, and so enhanced over the vacuum, leading to a generic way to suppress the tensor-to-scalar ratio r ; (2) the spectral index is ns-1 =η -4 ɛ . After presenting the relevant conditions for thermalization, we show that thermalized natural and monomial models of inflation agree with present observations and have r ≈10-3-10-2, which is within reach of next generation CMB experiments.

Spinning particles, axion radiation, and the classical double copy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldberger, Walter D.; Li, Jingping; Prabhu, Siddharth G.

2018-05-01

We extend the perturbative double copy between radiating classical sources in gauge theory and gravity to the case of spinning particles. We construct, to linear order in spins, perturbative radiating solutions to the classical Yang-Mills equations sourced by a set of interacting color charges with chromomagnetic dipole spin couplings. Using a color-to-kinematics replacement rule proposed earlier by one of the authors, these solutions map onto radiation in a theory of interacting particles coupled to massless fields that include the graviton, a scalar (dilaton) ϕ and the Kalb-Ramond axion field Bμ ν. Consistency of the double copy imposes constraints on the parameters of the theory on both the gauge and gravity sides of the correspondence. In particular, the color charges carry a chromomagnetic interaction which, in d =4 , corresponds to a gyromagnetic ratio equal to Dirac's value g =2 . The color-to-kinematics map implies that on the gravity side, the bulk theory of the fields (ϕ ,gμ ν,Bμ ν) has interactions which match those of d -dimensional "string gravity," as is the case both in the BCJ double copy of pure gauge theory scattering amplitudes and the KLT relations between the tree-level S -matrix elements of open and closed string theory.

Global Radiative Forcing of Coupled Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols in a Unified General Circulation Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liao, Hong; Seinfeld, John H.; Adams, Peter J.; Mickley, Loretta J.

2008-01-01

Global simulations of sea salt and mineral dust aerosols are integrated into a previously developed unified general circulation model (GCM), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM II', that simulates coupled tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry and sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary organic carbon aerosols. The fully coupled gas-aerosol unified GCM allows one to evaluate the extent to which global burdens, radiative forcing, and eventually climate feedbacks of ozone and aerosols are influenced by gas-aerosol chemical interactions. Estimated present-day global burdens of sea salt and mineral dust are 6.93 and 18.1 Tg with lifetimes of 0.4 and 3.9 days, respectively. The GCM is applied to estimate current top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all natural and anthropogenic aerosol components. The global annual mean value of the radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone is estimated to be +0.53 W m(sup -2) at TOA and +0.07 W m(sup -2) at the Earth's surface. Global, annual average TOA and surface radiative forcing by all aerosols are estimated as -0.72 and -4.04 W m(sup -2), respectively. While the predicted highest aerosol cooling and heating at TOA are -10 and +12 W m(sup -2) respectively, surface forcing can reach values as high as -30 W m(sup -2), mainly caused by the absorption by black carbon, mineral dust, and OC. We also estimate the effects of chemistry-aerosol coupling on forcing estimates based on currently available understanding of heterogeneous reactions on aerosols. Through altering the burdens of sulfate, nitrate, and ozone, heterogeneous reactions are predicted to change the global mean TOA forcing of aerosols by 17% and influence global mean TOA forcing of tropospheric ozone by 15%.

Monitoring the performance of the next Climate Forecast System version 3, throughout its development stage at EMC/NCEP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peña, M.; Saha, S.; Wu, X.; Wang, J.; Tripp, P.; Moorthi, S.; Bhattacharjee, P.

2016-12-01

The next version of the operational Climate Forecast System (version 3, CFSv3) will be a fully coupled six-components system with diverse applications to earth system modeling, including weather and climate predictions. This system will couple the earth's atmosphere, land, ocean, sea-ice, waves and aerosols for both data assimilation and modeling. It will also use the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) software super structure to couple these components. The CFSv3 is part of the next Unified Global Coupled System (UGCS), which will unify the global prediction systems that are now operational at NCEP. The UGCS is being developed through the efforts of dedicated research and engineering teams and through coordination across many CPO/MAPP and NGGPS groups. During this development phase, the UGCS is being tested for seasonal purposes and undergoes frequent revisions. Each new revision is evaluated to quickly discover, isolate and solve problems that negatively impact its performance. In the UGCS-seasonal model, components (e.g., ocean, sea-ice, atmosphere, etc.) are coupled through a NEMS-based "mediator". In this numerical infrastructure, model diagnostics and forecast validation are carried out, both component by component, and as a whole. The next stage, model optimization, will require enhanced performance diagnostics tools to help prioritize areas of numerical improvements. After the technical development of the UGCS-seasonal is completed, it will become the first realization of the CFSv3. All future development of this system will be carried out by the climate team at NCEP, in scientific collaboration with the groups that developed the individual components, as well as the climate community. A unique challenge to evaluate this unified weather-climate system is the large number of variables, which evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. A small set of performance measures and scorecard displays are been created, and collaboration and software contributions from research and operational centers are being incorporated. A status of the CFSv3/UGCS-seasonal development and examples of its performance and measuring tools will be presented.

Probing strong electroweak symmetry breaking dynamics through quantum interferometry at the LHC

DOE PAGES

Murayama, Hitoshi; Rentala, Vikram; Shu, Jing

2015-12-07

Here, we present a new probe of strongly coupled electroweak symmetry breaking at the 14 TeV LHC by measuring a phase shift in the event distribution of the decay azimuthal angles in massive gauge boson scattering. One generically expects a large phase shift in the longitudinal gauge boson scattering amplitude due to the presence of broad resonances. This phase shift is observable as an interference effect between the strongly interacting longitudinal modes and the transverse modes of the gauge bosons. We find that even very broad resonances of masses up to 900 GeV can be probed at 3σ significance withmore » a 3000 fb -1 run of the LHC by using this technique. We also present the estimated reach for a future 50 TeV proton-proton collider.« less

Weak and strong coupling equilibration in nonabelian gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keegan, Liam; Kurkela, Aleksi; Romatschke, Paul; van der Schee, Wilke; Zhu, Yan

2016-04-01

We present a direct comparison studying equilibration through kinetic theory at weak coupling and through holography at strong coupling in the same set-up. The set-up starts with a homogeneous thermal state, which then smoothly transitions through an out-of-equilibrium phase to an expanding system undergoing boost-invariant flow. This first apples-to-apples comparison of equilibration provides a benchmark for similar equilibration processes in heavy-ion collisions, where the equilibration mechanism is still under debate. We find that results at weak and strong coupling can be smoothly connected by simple, empirical power-laws for the viscosity, equilibration time and entropy production of the system.

Formation of a Spin Texture in a Quantum Gas Coupled to a Cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landini, M.; Dogra, N.; Kroeger, K.; Hruby, L.; Donner, T.; Esslinger, T.

2018-06-01

We observe cavity mediated spin-dependent interactions in an off-resonantly driven multilevel atomic Bose-Einstein condensate that is strongly coupled to an optical cavity. Applying a driving field with adjustable polarization, we identify the roles of the scalar and the vectorial components of the atomic polarizability tensor for single and multicomponent condensates. Beyond a critical strength of the vectorial coupling, we infer the formation of a spin texture in a condensate of two internal states from the analysis of the cavity output field. Our work provides perspectives for global dynamical gauge fields and self-consistently spin-orbit coupled gases.

Unified beam splitter of fused silica grating under the second Bragg incidence.

PubMed

Sun, Zhumei; Zhou, Changhe; Cao, Hongchao; Wu, Jun

2015-11-01

A unified design for a 1×2 beam splitter of dielectric rectangular transmission gratings under the second Bragg incidence is theoretically investigated for TE- and TM-polarized light. The empirical equations of the relative grating parameters (ratio of the absolute one to incidence wavelength) for this design are also obtained with the simplified modal method (SMM). The influences of polarization of incident light and relative grating parameters on the performance of the beam splitter are thoroughly studied based on the SMM and rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Two specific gratings are demonstrated with an even split and high diffraction efficiency (>94% for TE polarization and >97% for the TM counterpart). The unified profiles of the 1×2 beam splitter are independent from the incidence wavelength since the refractive index of fused silica is roughly a constant over a wide range of wavelengths, which should be promising for future applications.

Book Review: The end of time: the next revolution in our understanding of the universe. Julian Barbour, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London, 384 pp., 16.95, ISBN 0195145925

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, G. F. R.

In the early part of this century, physicists, led notably by Albert Einstein and the pioneers of quantum theory-in particular Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Paul Dirac-discovered that the underlying nature of physical reality is stranger than anyone had ever imagined. A series of brilliant insights led to the realisation, on the one hand, of the relative nature of space and time measurements, and hence of our basic concepts of space and time (ultimately leading to the discovery of nuclear energy), and on the other hand, of the quantum nature of matter, with its associated quantum statistics and uncertainty of prediction (leading to transistors and lasers). Combining these views ultimately led to a realisation of the necessity of the existence of anti-matter, and of the dynamic nature of the vacuum. Further developments led to an understanding of the existence of symmetries characterising the various families of elementary particles, and of the unified nature of the fundamental interactions when described as gauge theories with forces mediated by exchange of gauge bosons. These properties have all been confirmed by carefully controlled experiments.

The new electromagnetic tetrads, infinite tetrad nesting and the non-trivial emergence of complex numbers in real theories of gravitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garat, Alcides

How complex numbers get into play in a non-trivial way in real theories of gravitation is relevant since in a unified structure they should be able to relate in a natural way with quantum theories. For a long time this issue has been lingering on both relativistic formulations and quantum theories. We will analyze this fundamental subject under the light of new group isomorphism theorems linking local internal groups of transformations and local groups of spacetime transformations. The bridge between these two kinds of transformations is represented by new tetrads introduced previously. It is precisely through these local tetrad structures that we will provide a non-trivial answer to this old issue. These new tetrads have two fundamental building components, the skeletons and the gauge vectors. It is these constructive elements that provide the mathematical support that allows to prove group isomorphism theorems. In addition to this, we will prove a unique new property, the infinite tetrad nesting, alternating the nesting with non-Abelian tetrads in the construction of the tetrad gauge vectors. As an application we will demonstrate an alternative proof of a new group isomorphism theorem.

SU (2) lattice gauge theory simulations on Fermi GPUs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardoso, Nuno; Bicudo, Pedro

2011-05-01

In this work we explore the performance of CUDA in quenched lattice SU (2) simulations. CUDA, NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture, is a hardware and software architecture developed by NVIDIA for computing on the GPU. We present an analysis and performance comparison between the GPU and CPU in single and double precision. Analyses with multiple GPUs and two different architectures (G200 and Fermi architectures) are also presented. In order to obtain a high performance, the code must be optimized for the GPU architecture, i.e., an implementation that exploits the memory hierarchy of the CUDA programming model. We produce codes for the Monte Carlo generation of SU (2) lattice gauge configurations, for the mean plaquette, for the Polyakov Loop at finite T and for the Wilson loop. We also present results for the potential using many configurations (50,000) without smearing and almost 2000 configurations with APE smearing. With two Fermi GPUs we have achieved an excellent performance of 200× the speed over one CPU, in single precision, around 110 Gflops/s. We also find that, using the Fermi architecture, double precision computations for the static quark-antiquark potential are not much slower (less than 2× slower) than single precision computations.

Hairy black hole solutions in U(1) gauge-invariant scalar-vector-tensor theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heisenberg, Lavinia; Tsujikawa, Shinji

2018-05-01

In U (1) gauge-invariant scalar-vector-tensor theories with second-order equations of motion, we study the properties of black holes (BH) on a static and spherically symmetric background. In shift-symmetric theories invariant under the shift of scalar ϕ → ϕ + c, we show the existence of new hairy BH solutions where a cubic-order scalar-vector interaction gives rise to a scalar hair manifesting itself around the event horizon. In the presence of a quartic-order interaction besides the cubic coupling, there are also regular BH solutions endowed with scalar and vector hairs.

Q-balls in flat potentials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Copeland, Edmund J.; Tsumagari, Mitsuo I.

2009-07-15

We study the classical and absolute stability of Q-balls in scalar field theories with flat potentials arising in both gravity-mediated and gauge-mediated models. We show that the associated Q-matter formed in gravity-mediated potentials can be stable against decay into their own free particles as long as the coupling constant of the nonrenormalizable term is small, and that all of the possible three-dimensional Q-ball configurations are classically stable against linear fluctuations. Three-dimensional gauge-mediated Q-balls can be absolutely stable in the thin-wall limit, but are completely unstable in the thick-wall limit.

Search for Muonic Dark Forces at BABAR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Godang, Romulus

2017-04-01

Many models of physics beyond Standard Model predict the existence of light Higgs states, dark photons, and new gauge bosons mediating interactions between dark sectors and the Standard Model. Using a full data sample collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider, we report searches for a light non-Standard Model Higgs boson, dark photon, and a new muonic dark force mediated by a gauge boson (Z') coupling only to the second and third lepton families. Our results significantly improve upon the current bounds and further constrain the remaining region of the allowed parameter space.

W‧ pair production in the light of CMS searches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paktinat Mehdiabadi, Saeid; Zamiri, Leila

2018-05-01

For the first time, the pair production of the heavy charged gauge bosons, known as W‧ bosons is considered, when both decay to τ leptons. The reported detailed efficiency of object/event selection by the CMS experiment is used to find the lower limit on the mass of the W‧ boson. Various assumptions for the coupling of the new gauge boson are examined and the results are reported. In the case of a SM-like W‧ boson, masses below 290 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The method can be used to constrain other new models with similar final state.

Electromagnetic wave propagating along a space curve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lai, Meng-Yun; Wang, Yong-Long; Liang, Guo-Hua; Wang, Fan; Zong, Hong-Shi

2018-03-01

By using the thin-layer approach, we derive the effective equation for the electromagnetic wave propagating along a space curve. We find intrinsic spin-orbit, extrinsic spin-orbit, and extrinsic orbital angular-momentum and intrinsic orbital angular-momentum couplings induced by torsion, which can lead to geometric phase, spin, and orbital Hall effects. And we show the helicity inversion induced by curvature that can convert a right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave into a left-handed polarized one, vice versa. Finally, we demonstrate that the gauge invariance of the effective dynamics is protected by the geometrically induced gauge potential.

New nilpotent N =2 superfields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzenko, Sergei M.; Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele

2018-01-01

We propose new off-shell models for spontaneously broken local N =2 supersymmetry, in which the supergravity multiplet couples to nilpotent Goldstino superfields that contain either a gauge one-form or a gauge two-form in addition to spin-1 /2 Goldstone fermions and auxiliary fields. In the case of N =2 Poincaré supersymmetry, we elaborate on the concept of twisted chiral superfields and present a nilpotent N =2 superfield that underlies the cubic nilpotency conditions given in J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2017) 109., 10.1007/JHEP08(2017)109 in terms of constrained N =1 superfields.

Self-dual monopoles and toda molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganoulis, N.; Goddard, P.; Olive, D.

1982-07-01

Stable static solutions to a gauge field theory with a Higgs field in the adjoint representation and with vanishing self-coupling are self-dual in the sense of Bogomolny. Leznov and Saveliev showed that a specific form of spherical symmetry reduces these equations to a modified form of the Toda molecule equations associated with the overall gauge symmetry G. Values of the constants of integration are found in terms of the distant Higgs field, guaranteeing regularity of the solution at the origin. The expressions hold for any simple Lie group G, depending on G via its root system.

Radiative double copy for Einstein-Yang-Mills theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chester, David

2018-04-01

Recently, a double-copy formalism was used to calculate gravitational radiation from classical Yang-Mills radiation solutions. This work shows that the Yang-Mills theory coupled to a biadjoint scalar field admits a radiative double copy that agrees with solutions in the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory at the lowest finite order. Within this context, the trace-reversed metric h¯μ ν is a natural double copy of the gauge boson Aμ a . This work provides additional evidence that solutions in gauge and gravity theories are related, even though their respective Lagrangians and nonlinear equations of motion appear to be different.

Observations on the T lnR term in the quark-antiquark free energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiskis, J.

1986-06-15

Consider the response of a pure gauge theory at temperature T to an external quark-antiquark pair separated by R. In the confining phase, the leading term in the free energy at large R is sigmaR. A string-model calculation has given T lnR for the next-to-leading term. In this paper, the origin of the T lnR term is considered in a more general context that includes the analog spin model and the lattice gauge theory at strong coupling. The connection with transverse fluctuations is emphasized.

Rail passenger equipment collision tests : analysis of structural measurements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-11-01

A two-car full-scale collision test was conducted on April 4, 2000. Two coupled rail passenger cars impacted a rigid wall at 26 mph. The cars were instrumented with strain gauges, accelerometers, and string potentiometers, to measure the deformation ...

WW Physics at Future e{sup +}e{sup -} Linear Colliders

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barklow, Timothy L

Measurements of triple gauge boson couplings and strong electroweak symmetry breaking effects at future e{sup +}e{sup -} linear colliders are reviewed. The results expected from a future e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider are compared with LHC expectations.

Successful N{sub 2} leptogenesis with flavour coupling effects in realistic unified models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bari, Pasquale Di; King, Stephen F.

2015-10-02

In realistic unified models involving so-called SO(10)-inspired patterns of Dirac and heavy right-handed (RH) neutrino masses, the lightest right-handed neutrino N{sub 1} is too light to yield successful thermal leptogenesis, barring highly fine tuned solutions, while the second heaviest right-handed neutrino N{sub 2} is typically in the correct mass range. We show that flavour coupling effects in the Boltzmann equations may be crucial to the success of such N{sub 2} dominated leptogenesis, by helping to ensure that the flavour asymmetries produced at the N{sub 2} scale survive N{sub 1} washout. To illustrate these effects we focus on N{sub 2} dominatedmore » leptogenesis in an existing model, the A to Z of flavour with Pati-Salam, where the neutrino Dirac mass matrix may be equal to an up-type quark mass matrix and has a particular constrained structure. The numerical results, supported by analytical insight, show that in order to achieve successful N{sub 2} leptogenesis, consistent with neutrino phenomenology, requires a “flavour swap scenario” together with a less hierarchical pattern of RH neutrino masses than naively expected, at the expense of some mild fine-tuning. In the considered A to Z model neutrino masses are predicted to be normal ordered, with an atmospheric neutrino mixing angle well into the second octant and the Dirac phase δ≃20{sup ∘}, a set of predictions that will be tested in the next years in neutrino oscillation experiments. Flavour coupling effects may be relevant for other SO(10)-inspired unified models where N{sub 2} leptogenesis is necessary.« less

Successful N{sub 2} leptogenesis with flavour coupling effects in realistic unified models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bari, Pasquale Di; King, Stephen F., E-mail: P.Di-Bari@soton.ac.uk, E-mail: king@soton.ac.uk

2015-10-01

In realistic unified models involving so-called SO(10)-inspired patterns of Dirac and heavy right-handed (RH) neutrino masses, the lightest right-handed neutrino N{sub 1} is too light to yield successful thermal leptogenesis, barring highly fine tuned solutions, while the second heaviest right-handed neutrino N{sub 2} is typically in the correct mass range. We show that flavour coupling effects in the Boltzmann equations may be crucial to the success of such N{sub 2} dominated leptogenesis, by helping to ensure that the flavour asymmetries produced at the N{sub 2} scale survive N{sub 1} washout. To illustrate these effects we focus on N{sub 2} dominatedmore » leptogenesis in an existing model, the A to Z of flavour with Pati-Salam, where the neutrino Dirac mass matrix may be equal to an up-type quark mass matrix and has a particular constrained structure. The numerical results, supported by analytical insight, show that in order to achieve successful N{sub 2} leptogenesis, consistent with neutrino phenomenology, requires a ''flavour swap scenario'' together with a less hierarchical pattern of RH neutrino masses than naively expected, at the expense of some mild fine-tuning. In the considered A to Z model neutrino masses are predicted to be normal ordered, with an atmospheric neutrino mixing angle well into the second octant and the Dirac phase δ≅ 20{sup o}, a set of predictions that will be tested in the next years in neutrino oscillation experiments. Flavour coupling effects may be relevant for other SO(10)-inspired unified models where N{sub 2} leptogenesis is necessary.« less

Triality in little string theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bastian, Brice; Hohenegger, Stefan; Iqbal, Amer; Rey, Soo-Jong

2018-02-01

We study a class of eight-supercharge little string theories (LSTs) on the world volume of N M5-branes with transverse space S1×(C2/ZM). These M-brane configurations compactified on a circle are dual to M D5-branes intersecting N NS5-branes on T2×R7 ,1 as well as to F-theory compactified on a toric Calabi-Yau threefold XN ,M. We argue that the Kähler cone of XN ,M admits three regions associated with weakly coupled quiver gauge theories of gauge groups [U (N )]M,[U (M )]N, and [U (N/M k )]k where k =gcd (N ,M ). These provide low-energy descriptions of different LSTs. The duality between the first two gauge theories is well known and is a consequence of the S-duality between D5- and NS5-branes or the T-duality of the LSTs. The triality involving the third gauge theory is new, and we demonstrate it using several examples. We also discuss implications of this triality for the W-algebras associated with the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa dual theories.

String Theory Origin of Dyonic N=8 Supergravity and Its Chern-Simons Duals.

PubMed

Guarino, Adolfo; Jafferis, Daniel L; Varela, Oscar

2015-08-28

We clarify the higher-dimensional origin of a class of dyonic gaugings of D=4  N=8 supergravity recently discovered, when the gauge group is chosen to be ISO(7). This dyonically gauged maximal supergravity arises from consistent truncation of massive IIA supergravity on S^6, and its magnetic coupling constant descends directly from the Romans mass. The critical points of the supergravity uplift to new four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS4) massive type IIA vacua. We identify the corresponding three-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT3) duals as super-Chern-Simons-matter theories with simple gauge group SU(N) and level k given by the Romans mass. In particular, we find a critical point that uplifts to the first explicit N=2 AdS4 massive IIA background. We compute its free energy and that of the candidate dual Chern-Simons theory by localization to a solvable matrix model, and find perfect agreement. This provides the first AdS4/CFT3 precision match in massive type IIA string theory.

Surface operators, chiral rings and localization in N =2 gauge theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashok, S. K.; Billò, M.; Dell'Aquila, E.; Frau, M.; Gupta, V.; John, R. R.; Lerda, A.

2017-11-01

We study half-BPS surface operators in supersymmetric gauge theories in four and five dimensions following two different approaches. In the first approach we analyze the chiral ring equations for certain quiver theories in two and three dimensions, coupled respectively to four- and five-dimensional gauge theories. The chiral ring equations, which arise from extremizing a twisted chiral superpotential, are solved as power series in the infrared scales of the quiver theories. In the second approach we use equivariant localization and obtain the twisted chiral superpotential as a function of the Coulomb moduli of the four- and five-dimensional gauge theories, and find a perfect match with the results obtained from the chiral ring equations. In the five-dimensional case this match is achieved after solving a number of subtleties in the localization formulas which amounts to choosing a particular residue prescription in the integrals that yield the Nekrasov-like partition functions for ramified instantons. We also comment on the necessity of including Chern-Simons terms in order to match the superpotentials obtained from dual quiver descriptions of a given surface operator.

Hadron masses in a gauge theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

De Rujula, A.; Georgi, H.; Glashow, S.L.

1975-07-01

We explore the implications for hadron spectroscopy of the ''standard'' gauge model of weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. The model involves four types of fractionally charged quarks, each in three colors, coupling to massless gauge gluons. The quarks are confined within colorless hadrons by a long-range spin-independent force realizing infrared slavery. We use the asymptotic freedom of the model to argue that for the calculation of hadron masses, the short-range quark-quark interaction may be taken to be Coulomb- like. We rederive many successful quark-model mass relations for the low-lying hadrons. Because a specific interaction and symmetry-breaking mechanism are forced onmore » us by the underlying renormalizable gauge field theory, we also obtain new mass relations. They are well satisfied. We develop a qualitative understanding of many features of the hadron mass spectrum, such as the origin and sign of the $Sigma$-$lambda$ mass splitting. Interpreting the newly discovered narrow boson resonances as states of charmonium, we use the model to predict the masses of charmed mesons and baryons.« less

Double relaxation via AdS/CFT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amiri-Sharifi, S.; Ali-Akbari, M.; Kishani-Farahani, A.; Shafie, N.

2016-08-01

We exploit the AdS/CFT correspondence to investigate thermalization in an N = 2 strongly coupled gauge theory including massless fundamental matter (quark). More precisely, we consider the response of a zero temperature state of the gauge theory under influence of an external electric field which leads to a time-dependent current. The holographic dual of the above set-up is given by introducing a time-dependent electric field on the probe D7-brane embedded in an AdS5 ×S5 background. In the dual gravity theory an apparent horizon forms on the brane which, according to AdS/CFT dictionary, is the counterpart of the thermalization process in the gauge theory side. We classify different functions for time-dependent electric field and study their effect on the apparent horizon formation. In the case of pulse functions, where the electric field varies from zero to zero, apart from non-equilibrium phase, we observe the formation of two separate apparent horizons on the brane. This means that the state of the gauge theory experiences two different temperature regimes during its time evolution.

Eliminating the η-problem in SUGRA hybrid inflation with vector backreaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dimopoulos, Konstantinos; Wagstaff, Jacques M.; Lazarides, George, E-mail: k.dimopoulos1@lancaster.ac.uk, E-mail: lazaride@eng.auth.gr, E-mail: j.wagstaff@lancaster.ac.uk

2012-02-01

It is shown that, when the inflaton field modulates the gauge kinetic function of the gauge fields in supergravity realisations of inflation, the dynamic backreaction leads to a new inflationary attractor solution, in which the inflaton's variation suffers additional impedance. As a result, slow-roll inflation can naturally occur along directions of the scalar potential which would be too steep and curved to support it otherwise. This provides a generic solution to the infamous eta-problem of inflation in supergravity. Moreover, it is shown that, in the new inflationary attractor, the spectral index of the generated curvature perturbations is kept mildly redmore » despite eta of order unity. The above findings are applied to a model of hybrid inflation in supergravity with a generic Kähler potential. The spectral index of the generated curvature perturbations is found to be 0.97–0.98, in excellent agreement with observations. The gauge field can play the role of the vector curvaton after inflation but observable statistical anisotropy requires substantial tuning of the gauge coupling.« less

Patterns of symmetry breaking in chiral QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolognesi, Stefano; Konishi, Kenichi; Shifman, Mikhail

2018-05-01

We consider S U (N ) Yang-Mills theory with massless chiral fermions in a complex representation of the gauge group. The main emphasis is on the so-called hybrid ψ χ η model. The possible patterns of realization of the continuous chiral flavor symmetry are discussed. We argue that the chiral symmetry is broken in conjunction with a dynamical Higgsing of the gauge group (complete or partial) by bifermion condensates. As a result a color-flavor locked symmetry is preserved. The 't Hooft anomaly matching proceeds via saturation of triangles by massless composite fermions or, in a mixed mode, i.e. also by the "weakly" coupled fermions associated with dynamical Abelianization, supplemented by a number of Nambu-Goldstone mesons. Gauge-singlet condensates are of the multifermion type and, though it cannot be excluded, the chiral symmetry realization via such gauge invariant condensates is more contrived (requires a number of four-fermion condensates simultaneously and, even so, problems remain) and less plausible. We conclude that in the model at hand, chiral flavor symmetry implies dynamical Higgsing by bifermion condensates.

How to Remedy the η-problem of SUSY GUT hybrid inflation via vector backreaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazarides, George

2012-07-01

It is shown that, in supergravity models of inflation where the gauge kinetic function of a gauge field is modulated by the inflaton, we can obtain a new inflationary attractor solution, in which the roll-over of the inflaton suffers additional impedance due to the vector field backreaction. As a result, directions of the scalar potential which, due to strong Kähler corrections, become too steep and curved to normally support slow-roll inflation can now naturally do so. This solves the infamous η problem of inflation in supergravity and also keeps the spectral index of the curvature perturbation mildly red despite η of order unity. This mechanism is applied to a model of hybrid inflation in supergravity with a generic Kähler potential. The spectral index of the curvature perturbation is found to be 0.97 - 0.98, in excellent agreement with data. The gauge field can act as vector curvaton generating statistical anisotropy in the curvature perturbation. However, this anisotropy could be possibly observable only if the gauge coupling constant is unnaturally small.

Random gauge models of the superconductor-insulator transition in two-dimensional disordered superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granato, Enzo

2017-11-01

We study numerically the superconductor-insulator transition in two-dimensional inhomogeneous superconductors with gauge disorder, described by four different quantum rotor models: a gauge glass, a flux glass, a binary phase glass, and a Gaussian phase glass. The first two models describe the combined effect of geometrical disorder in the array of local superconducting islands and a uniform external magnetic field, while the last two describe the effects of random negative Josephson-junction couplings or π junctions. Monte Carlo simulations in the path-integral representation of the models are used to determine the critical exponents and the universal conductivity at the quantum phase transition. The gauge- and flux-glass models display the same critical behavior, within the estimated numerical uncertainties. Similar agreement is found for the binary and Gaussian phase-glass models. Despite the different symmetries and disorder correlations, we find that the universal conductivity of these models is approximately the same. In particular, the ratio of this value to that of the pure model agrees with recent experiments on nanohole thin-film superconductors in a magnetic field, in the large disorder limit.

The not-so-sterile 4th neutrino: constraints on new gauge interactions from neutrino oscillation experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopp, Joachim; Welter, Johannes

2014-12-01

Sterile neutrino models with new gauge interactions in the sterile sector are phenomenologically interesting since they can lead to novel effects in neutrino oscillation experiments, in cosmology and in dark matter detectors, possibly even explaining some of the observed anomalies in these experiments. Here, we use data from neutrino oscillation experiments, in particular from MiniBooNE, MINOS and solar neutrino experiments, to constrain such models. We focus in particular on the case where the sterile sector gauge boson A ' couples also to Standard Model particles (for instance to the baryon number current) and thus induces a large Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein potential. For eV-scale sterile neutrinos, we obtain strong constraints especially from MINOS, which restricts the strength of the new interaction to be less than ˜ 10 times that of the Standard Model weak interaction unless active-sterile neutrino mixing is very small (sin2 θ 24 ≲ 10-3). This rules out gauge forces large enough to affect short-baseline experiments like MiniBooNE and it imposes nontrivial constraints on signals from sterile neutrino scattering in dark matter experiments.

Wormholes, emergent gauge fields, and the weak gravity conjecture

DOE PAGES

Harlow, Daniel

2016-01-20

This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the ormhole dual to the thermo field double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension with the microscopic tensor factorization of the Hilbert space. Here, I explain how this tension can be resolved by splitting the gauge field into charged constituents, and I argue that this leads to a new argument for the "principle of completeness", which states that the charge lattice of a gauge theory coupled to gravity must be fully populated. Imore » also claim that it leads to a new motivation for (and a clarification of) the "weak gravity conjecture", which I interpret as a strengthening of this principle. This setup gives a simple example of a situation where describing low-energy bulk physics in CFT language requires knowledge of high-energy bulk physics. Furthermore, this contradicts to some extent the notion of "effective conformal field theory", but in fact is an expected feature of the resolution of the black hole information problem. An analogous factorization issue exists also for the gravitational field, and I comment on several of its implications for reconstructing black hole interiors and the emergence of spacetime more generally.« less

M theory through the looking glass: Tachyon condensation in the E{sub 8} heterotic string

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Horava, Petr; Keeler, Cynthia A.

2008-03-15

We study the spacetime decay to nothing in string theory and M-theory. First we recall a nonsupersymmetric version of heterotic M-theory, in which bubbles of nothing--connecting the two E{sub 8} boundaries by a throat--are expected to be nucleated. We argue that the fate of this system should be addressed at weak string coupling, where the nonperturbative instanton instability is expected to turn into a perturbative tachyonic one. We identify the unique string theory that could describe this process: The heterotic model with one E{sub 8} gauge group and a singlet tachyon. We then use world sheet methods to study themore » tachyon condensation in the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond formulation of this model, and show that it induces a world sheet super-Higgs effect. The main theme of our analysis is the possibility of making meaningful alternative gauge choices for world sheet supersymmetry, in place of the conventional superconformal gauge. We show in a version of unitary gauge how the world sheet gravitino assimilates the Goldstino and becomes dynamical. This picture clarifies recent results of Hellerman and Swanson. We also present analogs of R{sub {xi}} gauges, and note the importance of logarithmic conformal field theories in the context of tachyon condensation.« less

Simultaneous CT-MRI Reconstruction for Constrained Imaging Geometries using Structural Coupling and Compressive Sensing

PubMed Central

Xi, Yan; Zhao, Jun; Bennett, James R.; Stacy, Mitchel R.; Sinusas, Albert J.; Wang, Ge

2016-01-01

Objective A unified reconstruction framework is presented for simultaneous CT-MRI reconstruction. Significance Combined CT-MRI imaging has the potential for improved results in existing preclinical and clinical applications, as well as opening novel research directions for future applications. Methods In an ideal CT-MRI scanner, CT and MRI acquisitions would occur simultaneously, and hence would be inherently registered in space and time. Alternatively, separately acquired CT and MRI scans can be fused to simulate an instantaneous acquisition. In this study, structural coupling and compressive sensing techniques are combined to unify CT and MRI reconstructions. A bidirectional image estimation method was proposed to connect images from different modalities. Hence, CT and MRI data serve as prior knowledge to each other for better CT and MRI image reconstruction than what could be achieved with separate reconstruction. Results Our integrated reconstruction methodology is demonstrated with numerical phantom and real-dataset based experiments, and has yielded promising results. PMID:26672028