Unitary Operators on the Document Space.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoenkamp, Eduard

2003-01-01

Discusses latent semantic indexing (LSI) that would allow search engines to reduce the dimension of the document space by mapping it into a space spanned by conceptual indices. Topics include vector space models; singular value decomposition (SVD); unitary operators; the Haar transform; and new algorithms. (Author/LRW)

Local unitary invariants for N-qubit pure states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, S. Shelly; Sharma, N. K.

2010-11-01

The concept of negativity font, a basic unit of multipartite entanglement, is introduced. Transformation properties of determinants of negativity fonts under local unitary (LU) transformations are exploited to obtain relevant N-qubit polynomial invariants and construct entanglement monotones from first principles. It is shown that entanglement monotones that detect the entanglement of specific parts of the composite system may be constructed to distinguish between states with distinct types of entanglement. The structural difference between entanglement monotones for an odd and even number of qubits is brought out.

Tracing a Transformation in Industrial Relations. The Case of Xerox Corporation and the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel

A combination of crises and innovative attempts to manage them that began in 1980 transformed the relationship between Xerox Corporation and the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union, which represents most of Xerox's manufacturing employees. Eight pivotal episodes were largely responsible for the transformation. The first was a joint…

A Unitary-Transformative Nursing Science: From Angst to Appreciation.

PubMed

Cowling, W Richard

2017-10-01

The discord within nursing regarding the definition of nursing science has created great angst, particularly for those who view nursing science as a body of knowledge derived from theories specific to its unique concerns. The purpose of this brief article is to suggest a perspective and process grounded in appreciation of wholeness that may offer a way forward for proponents of a unitary-transformative nursing science that transcends the discord. This way forward is guided by principles of fostering dissent without contempt, generating a well-imagined future, and garnering appreciatively inspired action for change.

Non-unitary probabilistic quantum computing circuit and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Colin P. (Inventor); Gingrich, Robert M. (Inventor)

2009-01-01

A quantum circuit performing quantum computation in a quantum computer. A chosen transformation of an initial n-qubit state is probabilistically obtained. The circuit comprises a unitary quantum operator obtained from a non-unitary quantum operator, operating on an n-qubit state and an ancilla state. When operation on the ancilla state provides a success condition, computation is stopped. When operation on the ancilla state provides a failure condition, computation is performed again on the ancilla state and the n-qubit state obtained in the previous computation, until a success condition is obtained.

Geometric characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states by single-mode unitary operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adesso, Gerardo; Giampaolo, Salvatore M.; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2007-10-01

We present a geometric approach to the characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states of an arbitrary number of modes. The analysis is performed adapting to continuous variables a formalism based on single subsystem unitary transformations that has been recently introduced to characterize separability and entanglement in pure states of qubits and qutrits [S. M. Giampaolo and F. Illuminati, Phys. Rev. A 76, 042301 (2007)]. In analogy with the finite-dimensional case, we demonstrate that the 1×M bipartite entanglement of a multimode pure Gaussian state can be quantified by the minimum squared Euclidean distance between the state itself and the set of states obtained by transforming it via suitable local symplectic (unitary) operations. This minimum distance, corresponding to a , uniquely determined, extremal local operation, defines an entanglement monotone equivalent to the entropy of entanglement, and amenable to direct experimental measurement with linear optical schemes.

Centrifugal distortion coefficients of asymmetric-top molecules: Reduction of the octic terms of the rotational Hamiltonian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramachandra Rao, Ch. V. S.

1983-11-01

The rotational Hamiltonian of an asymmetric-top molecule in its standard form, containing terms up to eighth degree in the components of the total angular momentum, is transformed by a unitary transformation with parameters Spqr to a reduced Hamiltonian so as to avoid the indeterminacies inherent in fitting the complete Hamiltonian to observed energy levels. Expressions are given for the nine determinable combinations of octic constants Θ' i ( i = 1 to 9) which are invariant under the unitary transformation. A method of reduction suitable for energy calculations by matrix diagonalization is considered. The relations between the coefficients of the transformed Hamiltonian, for suitable choice of the parameters Spqr, and those of the reduced Hamiltonian are given. This enables the determination of the nine octic constants Θ' i in terms of the experimental constants.

Quantum Optical Realization of Arbitrary Linear Transformations Allowing for Loss and Gain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tischler, N.; Rockstuhl, C.; Słowik, K.

2018-04-01

Unitary transformations are routinely modeled and implemented in the field of quantum optics. In contrast, nonunitary transformations, which can involve loss and gain, require a different approach. In this work, we present a universal method to deal with nonunitary networks. An input to the method is an arbitrary linear transformation matrix of optical modes that does not need to adhere to bosonic commutation relations. The method constructs a transformation that includes the network of interest and accounts for full quantum optical effects related to loss and gain. Furthermore, through a decomposition in terms of simple building blocks, it provides a step-by-step implementation recipe, in a manner similar to the decomposition by Reck et al. [Experimental Realization of Any Discrete Unitary Operator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 58 (1994), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.58] but applicable to nonunitary transformations. Applications of the method include the implementation of positive-operator-valued measures and the design of probabilistic optical quantum information protocols.

Representation and design of wavelets using unitary circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evenbly, Glen; White, Steven R.

2018-05-01

The representation of discrete, compact wavelet transformations (WTs) as circuits of local unitary gates is discussed. We employ a similar formalism as used in the multiscale representation of quantum many-body wave functions using unitary circuits, further cementing the relation established in the literature between classical and quantum multiscale methods. An algorithm for constructing the circuit representation of known orthogonal, dyadic, discrete WTs is presented, and the explicit representation for Daubechies wavelets, coiflets, and symlets is provided. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of the circuit formalism in designing WTs, including various classes of symmetric wavelets and multiwavelets, boundary wavelets, and biorthogonal wavelets.

Characterization of separability and entanglement in (2xD)- and (3xD)-dimensional systems by single-qubit and single-qutrit unitary transformations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Giampaolo, Salvatore M.; CNR-INFM Coherentia, Naples; CNISM Unita di Salerno and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo collegato di Salerno, Baronissi

2007-10-15

We investigate the geometric characterization of pure state bipartite entanglement of (2xD)- and (3xD)-dimensional composite quantum systems. To this aim, we analyze the relationship between states and their images under the action of particular classes of local unitary operations. We find that invariance of states under the action of single-qubit and single-qutrit transformations is a necessary and sufficient condition for separability. We demonstrate that in the (2xD)-dimensional case the von Neumann entropy of entanglement is a monotonic function of the minimum squared Euclidean distance between states and their images over the set of single qubit unitary transformations. Moreover, both inmore » the (2xD)- and in the (3xD)-dimensional cases the minimum squared Euclidean distance exactly coincides with the linear entropy [and thus as well with the tangle measure of entanglement in the (2xD)-dimensional case]. These results provide a geometric characterization of entanglement measures originally established in informational frameworks. Consequences and applications of the formalism to quantum critical phenomena in spin systems are discussed.« less

Nonlinear QR code based optical image encryption using spiral phase transform, equal modulus decomposition and singular value decomposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ravi; Bhaduri, Basanta; Nishchal, Naveen K.

2018-01-01

In this study, we propose a quick response (QR) code based nonlinear optical image encryption technique using spiral phase transform (SPT), equal modulus decomposition (EMD) and singular value decomposition (SVD). First, the primary image is converted into a QR code and then multiplied with a spiral phase mask (SPM). Next, the product is spiral phase transformed with particular spiral phase function, and further, the EMD is performed on the output of SPT, which results into two complex images, Z 1 and Z 2. Among these, Z 1 is further Fresnel propagated with distance d, and Z 2 is reserved as a decryption key. Afterwards, SVD is performed on Fresnel propagated output to get three decomposed matrices i.e. one diagonal matrix and two unitary matrices. The two unitary matrices are modulated with two different SPMs and then, the inverse SVD is performed using the diagonal matrix and modulated unitary matrices to get the final encrypted image. Numerical simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed technique. The proposed technique is robust against noise attack, specific attack, and brutal force attack. Simulation results are presented in support of the proposed idea.

Geometric characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states by single-mode unitary operations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adesso, Gerardo; CNR-INFM Coherentia, Naples; CNISM, Unita di Salerno, Salerno

2007-10-15

We present a geometric approach to the characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states of an arbitrary number of modes. The analysis is performed adapting to continuous variables a formalism based on single subsystem unitary transformations that has been recently introduced to characterize separability and entanglement in pure states of qubits and qutrits [S. M. Giampaolo and F. Illuminati, Phys. Rev. A 76, 042301 (2007)]. In analogy with the finite-dimensional case, we demonstrate that the 1xM bipartite entanglement of a multimode pure Gaussian state can be quantified by the minimum squared Euclidean distance between the state itself andmore » the set of states obtained by transforming it via suitable local symplectic (unitary) operations. This minimum distance, corresponding to a, uniquely determined, extremal local operation, defines an entanglement monotone equivalent to the entropy of entanglement, and amenable to direct experimental measurement with linear optical schemes.« less

Polynomial approximation of non-Gaussian unitaries by counting one photon at a time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzani, Francesco; Treps, Nicolas; Ferrini, Giulia

2017-05-01

In quantum computation with continuous-variable systems, quantum advantage can only be achieved if some non-Gaussian resource is available. Yet, non-Gaussian unitary evolutions and measurements suited for computation are challenging to realize in the laboratory. We propose and analyze two methods to apply a polynomial approximation of any unitary operator diagonal in the amplitude quadrature representation, including non-Gaussian operators, to an unknown input state. Our protocols use as a primary non-Gaussian resource a single-photon counter. We use the fidelity of the transformation with the target one on Fock and coherent states to assess the quality of the approximate gate.

Randomly displaced phase distribution design and its advantage in page-data recording of Fourier transform holograms.

PubMed

Emoto, Akira; Fukuda, Takashi

2013-02-20

For Fourier transform holography, an effective random phase distribution with randomly displaced phase segments is proposed for obtaining a smooth finite optical intensity distribution in the Fourier transform plane. Since unitary phase segments are randomly distributed in-plane, the blanks give various spatial frequency components to an image, and thus smooth the spectrum. Moreover, by randomly changing the phase segment size, spike generation from the unitary phase segment size in the spectrum can be reduced significantly. As a result, a smooth spectrum including sidebands can be formed at a relatively narrow extent. The proposed phase distribution sustains the primary functions of a random phase mask for holographic-data recording and reconstruction. Therefore, this distribution is expected to find applications in high-density holographic memory systems, replacing conventional random phase mask patterns.

Quantum Standard Teleportation Based on the Generic Measurement Bases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, San-Ru; Hou, Bo-Yu; Xi, Xiao-Qiang; Yue, Rui-Hong

2003-10-01

We study the quantum standard teleportation based on the generic measurement bases. It is shown that the quantum standard teleportation does not depend on the explicit expression of the measurement bases. We have given the correspondence relation between the measurement performed by Alice and the unitary transformation performed by Bob. We also prove that the single particle unknown states and the two-particle unknown cat-like states can be exactly transmitted by means of the generic measurement bases and the correspondence unitary transformations. The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department

Probabilistic Teleportation of One-Particle State of S-level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Feng-Li; Bai, Yan-Kui

2003-09-01

A scheme for probabilistically teleporting an unknown one-particle state of S-level by a group of pairs of partially entangled 2-level particle state is proposed. In this scheme unitary transformation and local measurement take the place of Bell state measurement, then proper unitary transformation and the measurement on an auxiliary qubit with the aid of classical communication are performed. In this way the unknown one-particle state of S-level can be transferred onto a group of remote 2-level particles with certain probability. Furthermore, the receiver can recover the initial signal state on an S-level particle at his hand. The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China

Reflection Positive Stochastic Processes Indexed by Lie Groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jorgensen, Palle E. T.; Neeb, Karl-Hermann; Ólafsson, Gestur

2016-06-01

Reflection positivity originates from one of the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms for constructive quantum field theory. It serves as a bridge between euclidean and relativistic quantum field theory. In mathematics, more specifically, in representation theory, it is related to the Cartan duality of symmetric Lie groups (Lie groups with an involution) and results in a transformation of a unitary representation of a symmetric Lie group to a unitary representation of its Cartan dual. In this article we continue our investigation of representation theoretic aspects of reflection positivity by discussing reflection positive Markov processes indexed by Lie groups, measures on path spaces, and invariant gaussian measures in spaces of distribution vectors. This provides new constructions of reflection positive unitary representations.

Margaret Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness and a Nursing Intervention from a Unitary Perspective

PubMed Central

Endo, Emiko

2017-01-01

This mini-review aims to introduce Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness and caring partnership as a nursing intervention. Emanating from a unitary and transformative perspective of nursing, caring partnership enables nurses to identify with cancer patients as well as to help the patients find meaning in their situation and their lives. In genuine patient–nurse interactions, both patients and nurses experience higher levels of consciousness. PMID:28217730

Quantum control and quantum tomography on neutral atom qudits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sosa Martinez, Hector

Neutral atom systems are an appealing platform for the development and testing of quantum control and measurement techniques. This dissertation presents experimental investigations of control and measurement tools using as a testbed the 16-dimensional hyperfine manifold associated with the electronic ground state of cesium atoms. On the control side, we present an experimental realization of a protocol to implement robust unitary transformations in the presence of static and dynamic perturbations. We also present an experimental realization of inhomogeneous quantum control. Specifically, we demonstrate our ability to perform two different unitary transformations on atoms that see different light shifts from an optical addressing field. On the measurement side, we present experimental realizations of quantum state and process tomography. The state tomography project encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of several measurement strategies and state estimation algorithms. Our experimental results show that in the presence of experimental imperfections, there is a clear tradeoff between accuracy, efficiency and robustness in the reconstruction. The process tomography project involves an experimental demonstration of efficient reconstruction by using a set of intelligent probe states. Experimental results show that we are able to reconstruct unitary maps in Hilbert spaces with dimension ranging from d=4 to d=16. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a unitary process in d=16 is successfully reconstructed in the laboratory.

{{SO(d,1)}}-Invariant Yang-Baxter Operators and the dS/CFT Correspondence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hollands, Stefan; Lechner, Gandalf

2018-01-01

We propose a model for the dS/CFT correspondence. The model is constructed in terms of a "Yang-Baxter operator" R for unitary representations of the de Sitter group {SO(d,1)}. This R-operator is shown to satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation, unitarity, as well as certain analyticity relations, including in particular a crossing symmetry. With the aid of this operator we construct: (a) a chiral (light-ray) conformal quantum field theory whose internal degrees of freedom transform under the given unitary representation of {SO(d,1)}. By analogy with the O( N) non-linear sigma model, this chiral CFT can be viewed as propagating in a de Sitter spacetime. (b) A (non-unitary) Euclidean conformal quantum field theory on R}^{d-1, where SO( d, 1) now acts by conformal transformations in (Euclidean) spacetime. These two theories can be viewed as dual to each other if we interpret R}^{d-1 as conformal infinity of de Sitter spacetime. Our constructions use semi-local generator fields defined in terms of R and abstract methods from operator algebras.

Multi-Hop Teleportation of an Unknown Qubit State Based on W States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xiang-Zhen; Yu, Xu-Tao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2018-04-01

Quantum teleportation is important in quantum communication networks. Considering that quantum state information is also transmitted between two distant nodes, intermediated nodes are employed and two multi-hop teleportation protocols based on W state are proposed. One is hop-by-hop teleportation protocol and the other is the improved multi-hop teleportation protocol with centralized unitary transformation. In hop-by-hop protocol, the transmitted quantum state needs to be recovered at every node on the route. In improved multi-hop teleportation protocol with centralized unitary transformation, intermediate nodes need not to recover the transmitted quantum state. Compared to the hop-by-hop protocol, the improved protocol can reduce the transmission delay and improve the transmission efficiency.

Fast Unitary Transforms - Benefits and Restrictions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

transformation kernel, and u assumes values in the range 0, 1, ... , N-i. Similarly, the inverse transform is given by the relation N-1 f(x) E T(u)h(x...function to obtain T(u,v). Similar comments hold for the inverse transform if h(x,y,u,v) is separable. If the kernel g(xy,u,v) is separable and symmetric...the forward transform can be used directly to obtain the inverse transform simply by multiplying the result of the algorithm by N. 12 The forward and

A quasiparticle-based multi-reference coupled-cluster method.

PubMed

Rolik, Zoltán; Kállay, Mihály

2014-10-07

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a quasiparticle-based multi-reference coupled-cluster (MRCC) approach. The quasiparticles are introduced via a unitary transformation which allows us to represent a complete active space reference function and other elements of an orthonormal multi-reference (MR) basis in a determinant-like form. The quasiparticle creation and annihilation operators satisfy the fermion anti-commutation relations. On the basis of these quasiparticles, a generalization of the normal-ordered operator products for the MR case can be introduced as an alternative to the approach of Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg [Recent Prog. Many-Body Theor. 4, 127 (1995); Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 432 (1997)]. Based on the new normal ordering any quasiparticle-based theory can be formulated using the well-known diagram techniques. Beyond the general quasiparticle framework we also present a possible realization of the unitary transformation. The suggested transformation has an exponential form where the parameters, holding exclusively active indices, are defined in a form similar to the wave operator of the unitary coupled-cluster approach. The definition of our quasiparticle-based MRCC approach strictly follows the form of the single-reference coupled-cluster method and retains several of its beneficial properties. Test results for small systems are presented using a pilot implementation of the new approach and compared to those obtained by other MR methods.

Local unitary transformation method for large-scale two-component relativistic calculations: case for a one-electron Dirac Hamiltonian.

PubMed

Seino, Junji; Nakai, Hiromi

2012-06-28

An accurate and efficient scheme for two-component relativistic calculations at the spin-free infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (IODKH) level is presented. The present scheme, termed local unitary transformation (LUT), is based on the locality of the relativistic effect. Numerical assessments of the LUT scheme were performed in diatomic molecules such as HX and X(2) (X = F, Cl, Br, I, and At) and hydrogen halide clusters, (HX)(n) (X = F, Cl, Br, and I). Total energies obtained by the LUT method agree well with conventional IODKH results. The computational costs of the LUT method are drastically lower than those of conventional methods since in the former there is linear-scaling with respect to the system size and a small prefactor.

Conditional Bounds on Polarization Transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nielsen, N. C.; Sorensen, O. W.

The implications of constraints on unitary transformations of spin operators with respect to the accessible regions of Liouville space are analyzed. Specifically, the effects of spin-permutation symmetry on the unitary propagators are investigated. The influence of S2 and S3 propagator symmetry on two-dimensional bounds for F z = Σ Ni=1 I iz ↔ G z = Σ Mj=1 S jz polarization transfer in IS and I 2S spin- {1}/{2} systems is examined in detail. One result is that the maximum achievable F z ↔ G z polarization transfer is not reduced by permutation symmetry among the spins. For I 2S spin systems, S3 symmetry in the unitary propagator is shown to significantly reduce the accessible region in the 2D F z-S z Liouville subspace compared to the case restricted by unitarity alone. That result is compared with transformations under symmetric dipolar and scalar J coupling as well as shift and RF interactions. An important practical implication is that the refined spin thermodynamic theory of Levitt, Suter, and Ernst ( J. Chem. Phys.84, 4243, 1986) for cross polarization in solid-state NMR does not predict experimental outcomes incompatible with constraints of unitarity and spin-permutation symmetry.

78 FR 1570 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... Transformers (energy efficiency standards) Residential clothes washers (energy efficiency standards... Distribution Transformers (Reg Plan Seq No. 32). 263 Test Procedures for 1904-AC76 Residential Refrigerators... Efficiency Standards for Distribution Transformers Regulatory Plan: This entry is Seq. No. 32 in part II of...

Genuine four tangle for four qubit states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharma, S. Shelly; Sharma, N. K.

We report a four qubit polynomial invariant that quantifies genuine four-body correlations. The four qubit invariants are obtained from transformation properties of three qubit invariants under a local unitary on the fourth qubit.

Isospectral Hamiltonian for position-dependent mass for an arbitrary quantum system and coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yahiaoui, Sid-Ahmed; Bentaiba, Mustapha

2017-06-01

By means of the unitary transformation, a new way for discussing the ordering prescription of the Schrödinger equation with a position-dependent mass (PDM) for isospectral Hamiltonian operators is presented. We show that the ambiguity parameter choices in the kinetic part of the Hamiltonian can be explained through an exact SUSY QM symmetry as well as a consequence of an accidental symmetry under the Z2 action. By making use of the unitary transformation, we construct coherent states for a family of PDM isospectral Hamiltonians from a suitable choice of ladder operators. We show that these states preserve the usual structure of Klauder-Perelomov's states and thus saturate and minimize the position-momentum uncertainty relation (PMUR) under some special restrictions. We show that PMUR properties can be used to determine the sign of the superpotential.

Kitaev honeycomb tensor networks: Exact unitary circuits and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmoll, Philipp; Orús, Román

2017-01-01

The Kitaev honeycomb model is a paradigm of exactly solvable models, showing nontrivial physical properties such as topological quantum order, Abelian and non-Abelian anyons, and chirality. Its solution is one of the most beautiful examples of the interplay of different mathematical techniques in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we show how to derive a tensor network (TN) description of the eigenstates of this spin-1/2 model in the thermodynamic limit, and in particular for its ground state. In our setting, eigenstates are naturally encoded by an exact 3d TN structure made of fermionic unitary operators, corresponding to the unitary quantum circuit building up the many-body quantum state. In our derivation we review how the different "solution ingredients" of the Kitaev honeycomb model can be accounted for in the TN language, namely, Jordan-Wigner transformation, braidings of Majorana modes, fermionic Fourier transformation, and Bogoliubov transformation. The TN built in this way allows for a clear understanding of several properties of the model. In particular, we show how the fidelity diagram is straightforward both at zero temperature and at finite temperature in the vortex-free sector. We also show how the properties of two-point correlation functions follow easily. Finally, we also discuss the pros and cons of contracting of our 3d TN down to a 2d projected entangled pair state (PEPS) with finite bond dimension. The results in this paper can be extended to generalizations of the Kitaev model, e.g., to other lattices, spins, and dimensions.

Unitary cocycle representations of the Galilean line group: Quantum mechanical principle of equivalence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MacGregor, B.R.; McCoy, A.E.; Wickramasekara, S., E-mail: wickrama@grinnell.edu

2012-09-15

We present a formalism of Galilean quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames and discuss its implications for the equivalence principle. This extension of quantum mechanics rests on the Galilean line group, the semidirect product of the real line and the group of analytic functions from the real line to the Euclidean group in three dimensions. This group provides transformations between all inertial and non-inertial reference frames and contains the Galilei group as a subgroup. We construct a certain class of unitary representations of the Galilean line group and show that these representations determine the structure of quantum mechanics in non-inertialmore » reference frames. Our representations of the Galilean line group contain the usual unitary projective representations of the Galilei group, but have a more intricate cocycle structure. The transformation formula for the Hamiltonian under the Galilean line group shows that in a non-inertial reference frame it acquires a fictitious potential energy term that is proportional to the inertial mass, suggesting the equivalence of inertial mass and gravitational mass in quantum mechanics. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A formulation of Galilean quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames is given. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The key concept is the Galilean line group, an infinite dimensional group. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unitary, cocycle representations of the Galilean line group are constructed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A non-central extension of the group underlies these representations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Quantum equivalence principle and gravity emerge from these representations.« less

Slaves immersed in a liberal ideology.

PubMed

Daly, Leslie Kim

2012-01-01

Paradigm debates have been featured in the nursing literature for over four decades. There are at least two opposing paradigms specific to nursing that have remained central in these debates. Advocates of the unitary perspective (or simultaneity paradigm) consider their theories to be more philosophically advanced and contemporary alternatives when compared to the older more traditional ideas characteristic of models they describe as originating from the totality paradigm. In the context of these debates, I focus on some theoretical positions embedded in the unitary perspective, noting their limitations with respect to integrating the individual and social mandates of nursing; nurses are responsible not only for individual health-related needs, but also for the health of the collective. I explore two hypotheses that may explain the powers of endurance of the unitary perspective. Paley, who outlines the origins of nurses' 'slave morality', inspires the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis speaks to the location of nursing knowledge development in the context of liberal ideology. In this work, I outline key conceptualizations of the unitary perspective in order to clearly illustrate the limitations of the unitary perspective for nurses' social mandate. Then, I explore how slave morality and liberal ideological assumptions might both work to sustain the unitary perspective. A paradigm for nursing must have utility in addressing both the health-related needs of individuals, and for addressing the health of the collective. To this end, I advance suggestions in three areas: first, to transform nurses' slave morality to more honest and noble aspirations; second, to examine liberal ideological premises; and third, to end paradigm debate by resituating elements of the unitary perspective to the level of mid-range theory, where it could be most effective for research and practice with specific populations. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Clifford coherent state transforms on spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Pei; Mourão, José; Nunes, João P.; Qian, Tao

2018-01-01

We introduce a one-parameter family of transforms, U(m)t , t > 0, from the Hilbert space of Clifford algebra valued square integrable functions on the m-dimensional sphere, L2(Sm , dσm) ⊗Cm+1, to the Hilbert spaces, ML2(R m + 1 ∖ { 0 } , dμt) , of solutions of the Euclidean Dirac equation on R m + 1 ∖ { 0 } which are square integrable with respect to appropriate measures, dμt. We prove that these transforms are unitary isomorphisms of the Hilbert spaces and are extensions of the Segal-Bargman coherent state transform, U(1) :L2(S1 , dσ1) ⟶ HL2(C ∖ { 0 } , dμ) , to higher dimensional spheres in the context of Clifford analysis. In Clifford analysis it is natural to replace the analytic continuation from Sm to SCm as in (Hall, 1994; Stenzel, 1999; Hall and Mitchell, 2002) by the Cauchy-Kowalewski extension from Sm to R m + 1 ∖ { 0 } . One then obtains a unitary isomorphism from an L2-Hilbert space to a Hilbert space of solutions of the Dirac equation, that is to a Hilbert space of monogenic functions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krebs, H., E-mail: hermann.krebs@rub.de; Epelbaum, E., E-mail: evgeny.epelbaum@rub.de; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93016

We present the complete derivation of the nuclear axial charge and current operators as well as the pseudoscalar operators to fourth order in the chiral expansion relative to the dominant one-body contribution using the method of unitary transformation. We demonstrate that the unitary ambiguity in the resulting operators can be eliminated by the requirement of renormalizability and by matching of the pion-pole contributions to the nuclear forces. We give expressions for the renormalized single-, two- and three-nucleon contributions to the charge and current operators and pseudoscalar operators including the relevant relativistic corrections. We also verify explicitly the validity of themore » continuity equation.« less

Configurable unitary transformations and linear logic gates using quantum memories.

PubMed

Campbell, G T; Pinel, O; Hosseini, M; Ralph, T C; Buchler, B C; Lam, P K

2014-08-08

We show that a set of optical memories can act as a configurable linear optical network operating on frequency-multiplexed optical states. Our protocol is applicable to any quantum memories that employ off-resonant Raman transitions to store optical information in atomic spins. In addition to the configurability, the protocol also offers favorable scaling with an increasing number of modes where N memories can be configured to implement arbitrary N-mode unitary operations during storage and readout. We demonstrate the versatility of this protocol by showing an example where cascaded memories are used to implement a conditional cz gate.

Fast quantum nD Fourier and radon transforms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Labunets, Valeri G.; Labunets-Rundblad, Ekaterina V.; Astola, Jaakko T.

2001-07-01

Fast Classical and quantum algorithms are introduced for a wide class of non-separable nD discrete unitary K- transforms(DKT)KNn. They require a number of 1D DKT Kn smaller than in the Cooley-Tukey radix-p FFT-type approach. The method utilizes a decomposition of the nDK- transform into a product of original nD discrete Radon Transform and of a family parallel/independ 1DK-transforms. If the nDK-transform has a separable kernel, that again in this case our approach leads to decrease of multiplicative complexity by factor of n compared to the tow/column separable Cooley-Tukey p-radix approach.

Research in intelligent biomedical clothing vs. realities in the European textile business.

PubMed

Walter, Lutz

2004-01-01

In order to make intelligent biomedical clothing a market reality, a critical mass of scientific, technical and industrial capacities from various disciplines and industries must be successfully brought together. The textiles and clothing sector, i.e. the industry that transform natural or man-made fibres into yarns then with a myriad of processing options into complex tissues and finally into clothing, is undoubtedly a crucial element in such development. With Europe disposing of the world's most diverse, productive and innovative textiles and clothing industry, in addition to relevant expertise and resources in other scientific disciplines and industrial sectors, it could play a leading role in the advancement of the concept of intelligent biomedical clothing. In this process, a great number of challenges--firstly scientific and technical in nature--still need to be overcome and support from public funding programmes could constitute the necessary trigger for research and industrial efforts to be seriously undertaken. In view of the great benefits of such new products for the individual consumer, national health care systems and the society as a whole, a concerted effort in private-public partnership seems merited.

Unique Fock quantization of scalar cosmological perturbations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández-Méndez, Mikel; Mena Marugán, Guillermo A.; Olmedo, Javier; Velhinho, José M.

2012-05-01

We investigate the ambiguities in the Fock quantization of the scalar perturbations of a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker model with a massive scalar field as matter content. We consider the case of compact spatial sections (thus avoiding infrared divergences), with the topology of a three-sphere. After expanding the perturbations in series of eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, the Hamiltonian of the system is written up to quadratic order in them. We fix the gauge of the local degrees of freedom in two different ways, reaching in both cases the same qualitative results. A canonical transformation, which includes the scaling of the matter-field perturbations by the scale factor of the geometry, is performed in order to arrive at a convenient formulation of the system. We then study the quantization of these perturbations in the classical background determined by the homogeneous variables. Based on previous work, we introduce a Fock representation for the perturbations in which: (a) the complex structure is invariant under the isometries of the spatial sections and (b) the field dynamics is implemented as a unitary operator. These two properties select not only a unique unitary equivalence class of representations, but also a preferred field description, picking up a canonical pair of field variables among all those that can be obtained by means of a time-dependent scaling of the matter field (completed into a linear canonical transformation). Finally, we present an equivalent quantization constructed in terms of gauge-invariant quantities. We prove that this quantization can be attained by a mode-by-mode time-dependent linear canonical transformation which admits a unitary implementation, so that it is also uniquely determined.

Quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames: Time-dependent rotations and loop prolongations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klink, W.H., E-mail: william-klink@uiowa.edu; Wickramasekara, S., E-mail: wickrama@grinnell.edu; Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112

2013-09-15

This is the fourth in a series of papers on developing a formulation of quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames. This formulation is grounded in a class of unitary cocycle representations of what we have called the Galilean line group, the generalization of the Galilei group to include transformations amongst non-inertial reference frames. These representations show that in quantum mechanics, just as the case in classical mechanics, the transformations to accelerating reference frames give rise to fictitious forces. In previous work, we have shown that there exist representations of the Galilean line group that uphold the non-relativistic equivalence principle asmore » well as representations that violate the equivalence principle. In these previous studies, the focus was on linear accelerations. In this paper, we undertake an extension of the formulation to include rotational accelerations. We show that the incorporation of rotational accelerations requires a class of loop prolongations of the Galilean line group and their unitary cocycle representations. We recover the centrifugal and Coriolis force effects from these loop representations. Loops are more general than groups in that their multiplication law need not be associative. Hence, our broad theoretical claim is that a Galilean quantum theory that holds in arbitrary non-inertial reference frames requires going beyond groups and group representations, the well-established framework for implementing symmetry transformations in quantum mechanics. -- Highlights: •A formulation of Galilean quantum mechanics in non-inertial reference frames is presented. •The Galilei group is generalized to infinite dimensional Galilean line group. •Loop prolongations of Galilean line group contain central extensions of Galilei group. •Unitary representations of the loops are constructed. •These representations lead to terms in the Hamiltonian corresponding to fictitious forces, including centrifugal and Coriolis forces.« less

Biorthogonal projected energies of a Gutzwiller similarity transformed Hamiltonian.

PubMed

Wahlen-Strothman, J M; Scuseria, G E

2016-12-07

We present a method incorporating biorthogonal orbital-optimization, symmetry projection, and double-occupancy screening with a non-unitary similarity transformation generated by the Gutzwiller factor [Formula: see text], and apply it to the Hubbard model. Energies are calculated with mean-field computational scaling with high-quality results comparable to coupled cluster singles and doubles. This builds on previous work performing similarity transformations with more general, two-body Jastrow-style correlators. The theory is tested on 2D lattices ranging from small systems into the thermodynamic limit and is compared to available reference data.

Arc Synthesis of Fullerenes from the Carbide of Waste Cloths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayashi, Koichiro; Mieno, Tetsu

2000-09-01

A great many scraps of cotton cloth are disposed of as industrial waste through making clothes. The purpose of this study is to transform the waste into very valuable carbon compounds, that is, fullerenes. The scraps were piled and carbonized in air at 1050°C. By carbonization, the weight of the scraps decreased to 16-18%. Carbide from the scraps was used as the raw material for synthesizing fullerenes with the \\mbi{J}×\\mbi{B} arc discharge method. The soot that was deposited on the inside of the vacuum chamber contained C60 (>0.05 wt%), C70 and higher fullerenes.

Variational treatment of entanglement in the Dicke model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakemeier, L.; Alvermann, A.; Fehske, H.

2015-10-01

We introduce a variational ansatz for the Dicke model that extends mean-field theory through the inclusion of spin-oscillator correlations. The correlated variational state is obtained from the mean-field product state via a unitary transformation. The ansatz becomes correct in the limit of large oscillator frequency and in the limit of a large spin, for which it captures the leading quantum corrections to the classical limit exactly including the spin-oscillator entanglement entropy. We explain the origin of the unitary transformation before we show that the ansatz improves substantially upon mean-field theory, giving near exact results for the ground state energy and very good results for other observables. We then discuss why the ansatz still encounters problems in the transition regime at moderate spin lengths, where it fails to capture the precursors of the superradiant quantum phase transition faithfully. This observation illustrates the principal limits of semi-classical formulations, even after they are extended with correlations and entanglement.

Entanglement and nonclassical properties of hypergraph states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gühne, Otfried; Cuquet, Martí; Steinhoff, Frank E. S.; Moroder, Tobias; Rossi, Matteo; Bruß, Dagmar; Kraus, Barbara; Macchiavello, Chiara

2014-08-01

Hypergraph states are multiqubit states that form a subset of the locally maximally entangleable states and a generalization of the well-established notion of graph states. Mathematically, they can conveniently be described by a hypergraph that indicates a possible generation procedure of these states; alternatively, they can also be phrased in terms of a nonlocal stabilizer formalism. In this paper, we explore the entanglement properties and nonclassical features of hypergraph states. First, we identify the equivalence classes under local unitary transformations for up to four qubits, as well as important classes of five- and six-qubit states, and determine various entanglement properties of these classes. Second, we present general conditions under which the local unitary equivalence of hypergraph states can simply be decided by considering a finite set of transformations with a clear graph-theoretical interpretation. Finally, we consider the question of whether hypergraph states and their correlations can be used to reveal contradictions with classical hidden-variable theories. We demonstrate that various noncontextuality inequalities and Bell inequalities can be derived for hypergraph states.

Analytical energy gradient based on spin-free infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess method with local unitary transformation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakajima, Yuya; Seino, Junji; Nakai, Hiromi, E-mail: nakai@waseda.jp

In this study, the analytical energy gradient for the spin-free infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (IODKH) method at the levels of the Hartree-Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT), and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is developed. Furthermore, adopting the local unitary transformation (LUT) scheme for the IODKH method improves the efficiency in computation of the analytical energy gradient. Numerical assessments of the present gradient method are performed at the HF, DFT, and MP2 levels for the IODKH with and without the LUT scheme. The accuracies are examined for diatomic molecules such as hydrogen halides, halogen dimers, coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) halides,more » and coinage metal dimers, and 20 metal complexes, including the fourth–sixth row transition metals. In addition, the efficiencies are investigated for one-, two-, and three-dimensional silver clusters. The numerical results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the present method.« less

Covariant harmonic oscillators: 1973 revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noz, M. E.

1993-01-01

Using the relativistic harmonic oscillator, a physical basis is given to the phenomenological wave function of Yukawa which is covariant and normalizable. It is shown that this wave function can be interpreted in terms of the unitary irreducible representations of the Poincare group. The transformation properties of these covariant wave functions are also demonstrated.

May a unitary autonomic index help assess autonomic cardiac regulation in elite athletes? Preliminary observations on the national Italian Olympic committee team.

PubMed

Sala, Roberto; Malacarne, Mara; Tosi, Fabio; Benzi, Manuela; Solaro, Nadia; Tamorri, Stefano; Spataro, Antonio; Pagani, Massimo; Lucini, Daniela

2017-12-01

Long term endurance training, as occurring in elite athletes, is associated to cardiac neural remodeling in favor of cardioprotective vagal mechanisms, resulting in resting bradycardia and augmented contribution of cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity. Autonomic assessment can be performed by way of heart rate variability. This technique however provides multiple indices, and there is not yet complete agreement on their specific significance. Purpose of the study was to assess whether a rank transformation and radar plot could provide a unitary autonomic index, capable to show a correlation between intensity of individual work and quality of autonomic regulation. We studied 711 (23.6±6.2 years) elite athletes that took part in the selection procedure for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games for the National Italian Olympic Committee (CONI). Indices from Heart Rate Variability HRV obtained at rest, during standing up and during recovery from an exercise test were used to compute a percent ranked unitary autonomic index for sport (ANSIs), taken as proxy of quality of autonomic regulation. Within the observed wide range of energy expenditure, the unitary autonomic index ANSIs appears significantly correlated to individual and discipline specific training workloads (r=0.25, P<0.001 and r=0.78, P<0.001, respectively), correcting for possible age and gender bias. ANSIs also positively correlates to lipid profile. Estimated intensity of physical activity correlates with quality of cardiac autonomic regulation, as expressed by a novel unitary index of cardiac autonomic regulation. ANSIs could provide a novel and convenient approach to individual autonomic evaluation in athletes.

Discrete cosine and sine transforms generalized to honeycomb lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrivnák, Jiří; Motlochová, Lenka

2018-06-01

The discrete cosine and sine transforms are generalized to a triangular fragment of the honeycomb lattice. The honeycomb point sets are constructed by subtracting the root lattice from the weight lattice points of the crystallographic root system A2. The two-variable orbit functions of the Weyl group of A2, discretized simultaneously on the weight and root lattices, induce a novel parametric family of extended Weyl orbit functions. The periodicity and von Neumann and Dirichlet boundary properties of the extended Weyl orbit functions are detailed. Three types of discrete complex Fourier-Weyl transforms and real-valued Hartley-Weyl transforms are described. Unitary transform matrices and interpolating behavior of the discrete transforms are exemplified. Consequences of the developed discrete transforms for transversal eigenvibrations of the mechanical graphene model are discussed.

Leading from the heart: caring, love, peace, and values guiding leadership.

PubMed

Turkel, Marian C

2014-04-01

Contemporary transformational leadership focuses on authentic leadership styles, relational caring, meaningful recognition, creativity, building trust, relationships, participative decision making, dialogue with time for reflection, and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate how concepts from the unitary transformative paradigm and caring science can be integrated within nursing leadership practice, to invite nurse leaders to make these concepts explicit in their own transformational leadership journey, and to offer ways of reframing traditional organizational language. Practice exemplars are presented to highlight how tenets from caring theory are guiding the practice of nursing leadership.

Effect of Fourier transform on the streaming in quantum lattice gas algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oganesov, Armen; Vahala, George; Vahala, Linda; Soe, Min

2018-04-01

All our previous quantum lattice gas algorithms for nonlinear physics have approximated the kinetic energy operator by streaming sequences to neighboring lattice sites. Here, the kinetic energy can be treated to all orders by Fourier transforming the kinetic energy operator with interlaced Dirac-based unitary collision operators. Benchmarking against exact solutions for the 1D nonlinear Schrodinger equation shows an extended range of parameters (soliton speeds and amplitudes) over the Dirac-based near-lattice-site streaming quantum algorithm.

Eternal non-Markovianity: from random unitary to Markov chain realisations.

PubMed

Megier, Nina; Chruściński, Dariusz; Piilo, Jyrki; Strunz, Walter T

2017-07-25

The theoretical description of quantum dynamics in an intriguing way does not necessarily imply the underlying dynamics is indeed intriguing. Here we show how a known very interesting master equation with an always negative decay rate [eternal non-Markovianity (ENM)] arises from simple stochastic Schrödinger dynamics (random unitary dynamics). Equivalently, it may be seen as arising from a mixture of Markov (semi-group) open system dynamics. Both these approaches lead to a more general family of CPT maps, characterized by a point within a parameter triangle. Our results show how ENM quantum dynamics can be realised easily in the laboratory. Moreover, we find a quantum time-continuously measured (quantum trajectory) realisation of the dynamics of the ENM master equation based on unitary transformations and projective measurements in an extended Hilbert space, guided by a classical Markov process. Furthermore, a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) representation of the dynamics in an extended Hilbert space can be found, with a remarkable property: there is no dynamics in the ancilla state. Finally, analogous constructions for two qubits extend these results from non-CP-divisible to non-P-divisible dynamics.

Complex Instruction Set Quantum Computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanders, G. D.; Kim, K. W.; Holton, W. C.

1998-03-01

In proposed quantum computers, electromagnetic pulses are used to implement logic gates on quantum bits (qubits). Gates are unitary transformations applied to coherent qubit wavefunctions and a universal computer can be created using a minimal set of gates. By applying many elementary gates in sequence, desired quantum computations can be performed. This reduced instruction set approach to quantum computing (RISC QC) is characterized by serial application of a few basic pulse shapes and a long coherence time. However, the unitary matrix of the overall computation is ultimately a unitary matrix of the same size as any of the elementary matrices. This suggests that we might replace a sequence of reduced instructions with a single complex instruction using an optimally taylored pulse. We refer to this approach as complex instruction set quantum computing (CISC QC). One trades the requirement for long coherence times for the ability to design and generate potentially more complex pulses. We consider a model system of coupled qubits interacting through nearest neighbor coupling and show that CISC QC can reduce the time required to perform quantum computations.

Quantum coherence generating power, maximally abelian subalgebras, and Grassmannian geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zanardi, Paolo; Campos Venuti, Lorenzo

2018-01-01

We establish a direct connection between the power of a unitary map in d-dimensions (d < ∞) to generate quantum coherence and the geometry of the set Md of maximally abelian subalgebras (of the quantum system full operator algebra). This set can be seen as a topologically non-trivial subset of the Grassmannian over linear operators. The natural distance over the Grassmannian induces a metric structure on Md, which quantifies the lack of commutativity between the pairs of subalgebras. Given a maximally abelian subalgebra, one can define, on physical grounds, an associated measure of quantum coherence. We show that the average quantum coherence generated by a unitary map acting on a uniform ensemble of quantum states in the algebra (the so-called coherence generating power of the map) is proportional to the distance between a pair of maximally abelian subalgebras in Md connected by the unitary transformation itself. By embedding the Grassmannian into a projective space, one can pull-back the standard Fubini-Study metric on Md and define in this way novel geometrical measures of quantum coherence generating power. We also briefly discuss the associated differential metric structures.

WashWise cleans up the Northwest: Lessons learned from the Northwest high-efficiency clothes washer initiative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gordon, L.M.; Banks, D.L.; Brenneke, M.E.

1998-07-01

WashWise is a regional market transformation program designed to promote the sale and acceptance or resource-efficient clothes washers (RECWs) in the Northwest through financial incentives, education, and marketing. The Program is sponsored by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (the Alliance), a non-profit regional consortium of utilities, government, public interest groups, and private sector organizations. WashWise started in May 1997 and will continue through the end of 1999. WashWise works to transform the clothes washer market primarily at the retail level through an in-store instant rebate and a retailer bonus. In addition to financial incentives, WashWise has undertaken a collaborative marketingmore » and promotional campaign to educate consumers about the financial savings and other benefits of RECWs. The program promotes only RECWs that meet strict energy and water savings criteria. WashWise has far exceeded initial expectations; annual program sales goals were met in the first three months. As of June 1998, 30,000 RECWs have been sold through the program (representing approximately 13 percent of the Northwest residential clothes washer market). In addition, over 540 retailers, including national and regional chains, are participating in the program. Preliminary survey results also have also provided evidence of broad customer satisfaction. This paper reviews the key elements that have contributed to the success of the WashWise program. In addition, the paper provides program results and indicates future directions for WashWise and the RECW market.« less

Fast heap transform-based QR-decomposition of real and complex matrices: algorithms and codes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grigoryan, Artyom M.

2015-03-01

In this paper, we describe a new look on the application of Givens rotations to the QR-decomposition problem, which is similar to the method of Householder transformations. We apply the concept of the discrete heap transform, or signal-induced unitary transforms which had been introduced by Grigoryan (2006) and used in signal and image processing. Both cases of real and complex nonsingular matrices are considered and examples of performing QR-decomposition of square matrices are given. The proposed method of QR-decomposition for the complex matrix is novel and differs from the known method of complex Givens rotation and is based on analytical equations for the heap transforms. Many examples illustrated the proposed heap transform method of QR-decomposition are given, algorithms are described in detail, and MATLAB-based codes are included.

An Overview Of Wideband Signal Analysis Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Speiser, Jeffrey M.; Whitehouse, Harper J.

1989-11-01

This paper provides a unifying perspective for several narowband and wideband signal processing techniques. It considers narrowband ambiguity functions and Wigner-Ville distibutions, together with the wideband ambiguity function and several proposed approaches to a wideband version of the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD). A unifying perspective is provided by the methodology of unitary representations and ray representations of transformation groups.

On the domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griesemer, M.; Wünsch, A.

2018-04-01

The Nelson Hamiltonian is unitarily equivalent to a Hamiltonian defined through a closed, semibounded quadratic form, the unitary transformation being explicitly known and due to Gross. In this paper, we study the mapping properties of the Gross-transform in order to characterize the regularity properties of vectors in the form domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian. Since the operator domain is a subset of the form domain, our results apply to vectors in the domain of the Hamiltonian as well. This work is a continuation of our previous work on the Fröhlich Hamiltonian.

Near-complete teleportation of a superposed coherent state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheong, Yong Wook; Kim, Hyunjae; Lee, Hai-Woong

2004-09-01

The four Bell-type entangled coherent states, {alpha}>-{alpha}>{+-}-{alpha}>{alpha}> and {alpha}>{alpha}>{+-}-{alpha}>-{alpha}>, can be discriminated with a high probability using only linear optical means, as long as {alpha} is not too small. Based on this observation, we propose a simple scheme to almost completely teleport a superposed coherent state. The nonunitary transformation that is required to complete the teleportation can be achieved by embedding the receiver's field state in a larger Hilbert space consisting of the field and a single atom and performing a unitary transformation on this Hilbert space00.

Geometry and dynamics in the fractional discrete Fourier transform.

PubMed

Wolf, Kurt Bernardo; Krötzsch, Guillermo

2007-03-01

The N x N Fourier matrix is one distinguished element within the group U(N) of all N x N unitary matrices. It has the geometric property of being a fourth root of unity and is close to the dynamics of harmonic oscillators. The dynamical correspondence is exact only in the N-->infinity contraction limit for the integral Fourier transform and its fractional powers. In the finite-N case, several options have been considered in the literature. We compare their fidelity in reproducing the classical harmonic motion of discrete coherent states.

Quantum state matching of qubits via measurement-induced nonlinear transformations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kálmán, Orsolya; Kiss, Tamás

2018-03-01

We consider the task of deciding whether an unknown qubit state falls in a prescribed neighborhood of a reference state. We assume that several copies of the unknown state are given and apply a unitary operation pairwise on them combined with a postselection scheme conditioned on the measurement result obtained on one of the qubits of the pair. The resulting transformation is a deterministic, nonlinear, chaotic map in the Hilbert space. We derive a class of these transformations capable of orthogonalizing nonorthogonal qubit states after a few iterations. These nonlinear maps orthogonalize states which correspond to the two different convergence regions of the nonlinear map. Based on the analysis of the border (the so-called Julia set) between the two regions of convergence, we show that it is always possible to find a map capable of deciding whether an unknown state is within a neighborhood of fixed radius around a desired quantum state. We analyze which one- and two-qubit operations would physically realize the scheme. It is possible to find a single two-qubit unitary gate for each map or, alternatively, a universal special two-qubit gate together with single-qubit gates in order to carry out the task. We note that it is enough to have a single physical realization of the required gates due to the iterative nature of the scheme.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Livine, Etera R.

We introduce the set of framed (convex) polyhedra with N faces as the symplectic quotient C{sup 2N}//SU(2). A framed polyhedron is then parametrized by N spinors living in C{sup 2} satisfying suitable closure constraints and defines a usual convex polyhedron plus extra U(1) phases attached to each face. We show that there is a natural action of the unitary group U(N) on this phase space, which changes the shape of faces and allows to map any (framed) polyhedron onto any other with the same total (boundary) area. This identifies the space of framed polyhedra to the Grassmannian space U(N)/ (SU(2)×U(N−2)).more » We show how to write averages of geometrical observables (polynomials in the faces' area and the angles between them) over the ensemble of polyhedra (distributed uniformly with respect to the Haar measure on U(N)) as polynomial integrals over the unitary group and we provide a few methods to compute these integrals systematically. We also use the Itzykson-Zuber formula from matrix models as the generating function for these averages and correlations. In the quantum case, a canonical quantization of the framed polyhedron phase space leads to the Hilbert space of SU(2) intertwiners (or, in other words, SU(2)-invariant states in tensor products of irreducible representations). The total boundary area as well as the individual face areas are quantized as half-integers (spins), and the Hilbert spaces for fixed total area form irreducible representations of U(N). We define semi-classical coherent intertwiner states peaked on classical framed polyhedra and transforming consistently under U(N) transformations. And we show how the U(N) character formula for unitary transformations is to be considered as an extension of the Itzykson-Zuber to the quantum level and generates the traces of all polynomial observables over the Hilbert space of intertwiners. We finally apply the same formalism to two dimensions and show that classical (convex) polygons can be described in a similar fashion trading the unitary group for the orthogonal group. We conclude with a discussion of the possible (deformation) dynamics that one can define on the space of polygons or polyhedra. This work is a priori useful in the context of discrete geometry but it should hopefully also be relevant to (loop) quantum gravity in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions when the quantum geometry is defined in terms of gluing of (quantized) polygons and polyhedra.« less

On Parametrization of the Linear GL(4,C) and Unitary SU(4) Groups in Terms of Dirac Matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Red'Kov, Victor M.; Bogush, Andrei A.; Tokarevskaya, Natalia G.

2008-02-01

Parametrization of 4 × 4-matrices G of the complex linear group GL(4,C) in terms of four complex 4-vector parameters (k,m,n,l) is investigated. Additional restrictions separating some subgroups of GL(4,C) are given explicitly. In the given parametrization, the problem of inverting any 4 × 4 matrix G is solved. Expression for determinant of any matrix G is found: det G = F(k,m,n,l). Unitarity conditions G+ = G-1 have been formulated in the form of non-linear cubic algebraic equations including complex conjugation. Several simplest solutions of these unitarity equations have been found: three 2-parametric subgroups G1, G2, G3 - each of subgroups consists of two commuting Abelian unitary groups; 4-parametric unitary subgroup consis! ting of a product of a 3-parametric group isomorphic SU(2) and 1-parametric Abelian group. The Dirac basis of generators Λk, being of Gell-Mann type, substantially differs from the basis λi used in the literature on SU(4) group, formulas relating them are found - they permit to separate SU(3) subgroup in SU(4). Special way to list 15 Dirac generators of GL(4,C) can be used {Λk} = {μiÅνjÅ(μiVνj = KÅL ÅM )}, which permit to factorize SU(4) transformations according to S = eiaμ eibνeikKeilLeimM, where two first factors commute with each other and are isomorphic to SU(2) group, the three last ones are 3-parametric groups, each of them consisting of three Abelian commuting unitary subgroups. Besides, the structure of fifteen Dirac matrices Λk permits to separate twenty 3-parametric subgroups in SU(4) isomorphic to SU(2); those subgroups might be used as bigger elementary blocks in constructing of a general transformation SU(4). It is shown how one can specify the present approach for the pseudounitary group SU(2,2) and SU(3,1).

Orbitally invariant internally contracted multireference unitary coupled cluster theory and its perturbative approximation: theory and test calculations of second order approximation.

PubMed

Chen, Zhenhua; Hoffmann, Mark R

2012-07-07

A unitary wave operator, exp (G), G(+) = -G, is considered to transform a multiconfigurational reference wave function Φ to the potentially exact, within basis set limit, wave function Ψ = exp (G)Φ. To obtain a useful approximation, the Hausdorff expansion of the similarity transformed effective Hamiltonian, exp (-G)Hexp (G), is truncated at second order and the excitation manifold is limited; an additional separate perturbation approximation can also be made. In the perturbation approximation, which we refer to as multireference unitary second-order perturbation theory (MRUPT2), the Hamiltonian operator in the highest order commutator is approximated by a Mo̸ller-Plesset-type one-body zero-order Hamiltonian. If a complete active space self-consistent field wave function is used as reference, then the energy is invariant under orbital rotations within the inactive, active, and virtual orbital subspaces for both the second-order unitary coupled cluster method and its perturbative approximation. Furthermore, the redundancies of the excitation operators are addressed in a novel way, which is potentially more efficient compared to the usual full diagonalization of the metric of the excited configurations. Despite the loss of rigorous size-extensivity possibly due to the use of a variational approach rather than a projective one in the solution of the amplitudes, test calculations show that the size-extensivity errors are very small. Compared to other internally contracted multireference perturbation theories, MRUPT2 only needs reduced density matrices up to three-body even with a non-complete active space reference wave function when two-body excitations within the active orbital subspace are involved in the wave operator, exp (G). Both the coupled cluster and perturbation theory variants are amenable to large, incomplete model spaces. Applications to some widely studied model systems that can be problematic because of geometry dependent quasidegeneracy, H4, P4, and BeH(2), are performed in order to test the new methods on problems where full configuration interaction results are available.

Unique Fock quantization of a massive fermion field in a cosmological scenario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortez, Jerónimo; Elizaga Navascués, Beatriz; Martín-Benito, Mercedes; Mena Marugán, Guillermo A.; Velhinho, José M.

2016-04-01

It is well known that the Fock quantization of field theories in general spacetimes suffers from an infinite ambiguity, owing to the inequivalent possibilities in the selection of a representation of the canonical commutation or anticommutation relations, but also owing to the freedom in the choice of variables to describe the field among all those related by linear time-dependent transformations, including the dependence through functions of the background. In this work we remove this ambiguity (up to unitary equivalence) in the case of a massive Dirac free field propagating in a spacetime with homogeneous and isotropic spatial sections of spherical topology. Two physically reasonable conditions are imposed in order to arrive at this result: (a) The invariance of the vacuum under the spatial isometries of the background, and (b) the unitary implementability of the dynamical evolution that dictates the Dirac equation. We characterize the Fock quantizations with a nontrivial fermion dynamics that satisfy these two conditions. Then, we provide a complete proof of the unitary equivalence of the representations in this class under very mild requirements on the time variation of the background, once a criterion to discern between particles and antiparticles has been set.

Direction of Arrival Estimation for MIMO Radar via Unitary Nuclear Norm Minimization

PubMed Central

Wang, Xianpeng; Huang, Mengxing; Wu, Xiaoqin; Bi, Guoan

2017-01-01

In this paper, we consider the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation issue of noncircular (NC) source in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and propose a novel unitary nuclear norm minimization (UNNM) algorithm. In the proposed method, the noncircular properties of signals are used to double the virtual array aperture, and the real-valued data are obtained by utilizing unitary transformation. Then a real-valued block sparse model is established based on a novel over-complete dictionary, and a UNNM algorithm is formulated for recovering the block-sparse matrix. In addition, the real-valued NC-MUSIC spectrum is used to design a weight matrix for reweighting the nuclear norm minimization to achieve the enhanced sparsity of solutions. Finally, the DOA is estimated by searching the non-zero blocks of the recovered matrix. Because of using the noncircular properties of signals to extend the virtual array aperture and an additional real structure to suppress the noise, the proposed method provides better performance compared with the conventional sparse recovery based algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed method can handle the case of underdetermined DOA estimation. Simulation results show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. PMID:28441770

Superfast algorithms of multidimensional discrete k-wave transforms and Volterra filtering based on superfast radon transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Labunets, Valeri G.; Labunets-Rundblad, Ekaterina V.; Astola, Jaakko T.

2001-12-01

Fast algorithms for a wide class of non-separable n-dimensional (nD) discrete unitary K-transforms (DKT) are introduced. They need less 1D DKTs than in the case of the classical radix-2 FFT-type approach. The method utilizes a decomposition of the nD K-transform into the product of a new nD discrete Radon transform and of a set of parallel/independ 1D K-transforms. If the nD K-transform has a separable kernel (e.g., the case of the discrete Fourier transform) our approach leads to decrease of multiplicative complexity by the factor of n comparing to the classical row/column separable approach. It is well known that an n-th order Volterra filter of one dimensional signal can be evaluated by an appropriate nD linear convolution. This work describes new superfast algorithm for Volterra filtering. New approach is based on the superfast discrete Radon and Nussbaumer polynomial transforms.

Non-Unitary Boson Mapping and Its Application to Nuclear Collective Motions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takada, K.

First, the general theory of boson mapping for even-number many-fermion systems is surveyed. In order to overcome the confusion concerning the so-called unphysical or spurious states in the boson mapping, the correct concept of the unphysical states is precisely given in a clear-cut way. Next, a method to apply the boson mapping to a truncated many-fermion Hilbert space consisting of collective phonons is proposed, by putting special emphasis on the Dyson-type non-unitary boson mapping. On the basis of this method, it becomes possible for the first time to apply the Dyson-type boson mapping to analyses of collective motions in realistic nuclei. This method is also extended to be applicable to odd-number-fermion systems. As known well, the Dyson-type boson mapping is a non-unitary transformation and it gives a non-Hermitian boson Hamiltonian. It is not easy (but not impossible) to solve the eigenstates of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. A Hermitian treatment of this non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem is discussed and it is shown that this treatment is a very good approximation. Using this Hermitian treatment, we can obtain the normal-ordered Holstein-Primakoff-type boson expansion in the multi-collective-phonon subspace. Thereby the convergence of the boson expansion can be tested. Some examples of application of the Dyson-type non-unitary boson mapping to simplified models and realistic nuclei are also shown, and we can see that it is quite useful for analysis of the collective motions in realistic nuclei. In contrast to the above-mentioned ordinary type of boson mapping, which may be called a ``static'' boson mapping, the Dyson-type non-unitary selfconsistent-collective-coordinate method is discussed. The latter is, so to speak, a ``dynamical'' boson mapping, which is a dynamical extension of the ordinary boson mapping to be capable to include the coupling effects from the non-collective degrees of freedom selfconsistently. Thus all of the Dyson-type non-unitary boson mapping from A to Z is summarized in this paper.

Equivalent Hamiltonian for the Lee model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, H. F.

2008-03-15

Using the techniques of quasi-Hermitian quantum mechanics and quantum field theory we use a similarity transformation to construct an equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian for the Lee model. In the field theory confined to the V/N{theta} sector it effectively decouples V, replacing the three-point interaction of the original Lee model by an additional mass term for the V particle and a four-point interaction between N and {theta}. While the construction is originally motivated by the regime where the bare coupling becomes imaginary, leading to a ghost, it applies equally to the standard Hermitian regime where the bare coupling is real. In thatmore » case the similarity transformation becomes a unitary transformation.« less

Unitary Transformations in 3 D Vector Representation of Qutrit States

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-12

Representation of Qutrit States Vinod K Mishra Computational and Information Sciences Directorate, ARL Approved for public... information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and...maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information . Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect

Local unitary transformation method for large-scale two-component relativistic calculations. II. Extension to two-electron Coulomb interaction.

PubMed

Seino, Junji; Nakai, Hiromi

2012-10-14

The local unitary transformation (LUT) scheme at the spin-free infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (IODKH) level [J. Seino and H. Nakai, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 244102 (2012)], which is based on the locality of relativistic effects, has been extended to a four-component Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. In the previous study, the LUT scheme was applied only to a one-particle IODKH Hamiltonian with non-relativistic two-electron Coulomb interaction, termed IODKH/C. The current study extends the LUT scheme to a two-particle IODKH Hamiltonian as well as one-particle one, termed IODKH/IODKH, which has been a real bottleneck in numerical calculation. The LUT scheme with the IODKH/IODKH Hamiltonian was numerically assessed in the diatomic molecules HX and X(2) and hydrogen halide molecules, (HX)(n) (X = F, Cl, Br, and I). The total Hartree-Fock energies calculated by the LUT method agree well with conventional IODKH/IODKH results. The computational cost of the LUT method is reduced drastically compared with that of the conventional method. In addition, the LUT method achieves linear-scaling with respect to the system size and a small prefactor.

Modeling the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation Using the Quantum Lattice Gas Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oganesov, Armen

We present an improved Quantum Lattice Gas (QLG) algorithm as a mesoscopic unitary perturbative representation of the mean field Gross Pitaevskii (GP) equation for Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs). The method employs an interleaved sequence of unitary collide and stream operators. QLG is applicable to many different scalar potentials in the weak interaction regime and has been used to model the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), Burgers and GP equations. It can be implemented on both quantum and classical computers and is extremely scalable. We present results for 1D soliton solutions with positive and negative internal interactions, as well as vector solitons with inelastic scattering. In higher dimensions we look at the behavior of vortex ring reconnection. A further improvement is considered with a proper operator splitting technique via a Fourier transformation. This is great for quantum computers since the quantum FFT is exponentially faster than its classical counterpart which involves non-local data on the entire lattice (Quantum FFT is the backbone of the Shor algorithm for quantum factorization). We also present an imaginary time method in which we transform the Schrodinger equation into a diffusion equation for recovering ground state initial conditions of a quantum system suitable for the QLG algorithm.

Quantum mechanics on phase space: The hydrogen atom and its Wigner functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos, P.; Martins, M. G. R.; Fernandes, M. C. B.; Vianna, J. D. M.

2018-03-01

Symplectic quantum mechanics (SQM) considers a non-commutative algebra of functions on a phase space Γ and an associated Hilbert space HΓ, to construct a unitary representation for the Galilei group. From this unitary representation the Schrödinger equation is rewritten in phase space variables and the Wigner function can be derived without the use of the Liouville-von Neumann equation. In this article the Coulomb potential in three dimensions (3D) is resolved completely by using the phase space Schrödinger equation. The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel(KS) transformation is applied and the Coulomb and harmonic oscillator potentials are connected. In this context we determine the energy levels, the amplitude of probability in phase space and correspondent Wigner quasi-distribution functions of the 3D-hydrogen atom described by Schrödinger equation in phase space.

Scalable randomized benchmarking of non-Clifford gates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cross, Andrew; Magesan, Easwar; Bishop, Lev; Smolin, John; Gambetta, Jay

Randomized benchmarking is a widely used experimental technique to characterize the average error of quantum operations. Benchmarking procedures that scale to enable characterization of n-qubit circuits rely on efficient procedures for manipulating those circuits and, as such, have been limited to subgroups of the Clifford group. However, universal quantum computers require additional, non-Clifford gates to approximate arbitrary unitary transformations. We define a scalable randomized benchmarking procedure over n-qubit unitary matrices that correspond to protected non-Clifford gates for a class of stabilizer codes. We present efficient methods for representing and composing group elements, sampling them uniformly, and synthesizing corresponding poly (n) -sized circuits. The procedure provides experimental access to two independent parameters that together characterize the average gate fidelity of a group element. We acknowledge support from ARO under Contract W911NF-14-1-0124.

Bidirectional Teleportation Protocol in Quantum Wireless Multi-hop Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Rui; Yu, Xu-Tao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2018-06-01

We propose a bidirectional quantum teleportation protocol based on a composite GHZ-Bell state. In this protocol, the composite GHZ-Bell state channel is transformed into two-Bell state channel through gate operations and single qubit measurements. The channel transformation will lead to different kinds of quantum channel states, so a method is proposed to help determine the unitary matrices effectively under different quantum channels. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional teleportation protocol in the quantum wireless multi-hop network. This paper is aimed to provide a bidirectional teleportation protocol and study the bidirectional multi-hop teleportation in the quantum wireless communication network.

Bidirectional Teleportation Protocol in Quantum Wireless Multi-hop Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Rui; Yu, Xu-Tao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2018-02-01

We propose a bidirectional quantum teleportation protocol based on a composite GHZ-Bell state. In this protocol, the composite GHZ-Bell state channel is transformed into two-Bell state channel through gate operations and single qubit measurements. The channel transformation will lead to different kinds of quantum channel states, so a method is proposed to help determine the unitary matrices effectively under different quantum channels. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional teleportation protocol in the quantum wireless multi-hop network. This paper is aimed to provide a bidirectional teleportation protocol and study the bidirectional multi-hop teleportation in the quantum wireless communication network.

Completing the physical representation of quantum algorithms provides a retrocausal explanation of the speedup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castagnoli, Giuseppe

2017-05-01

The usual representation of quantum algorithms, limited to the process of solving the problem, is physically incomplete as it lacks the initial measurement. We extend it to the process of setting the problem. An initial measurement selects a problem setting at random, and a unitary transformation sends it into the desired setting. The extended representation must be with respect to Bob, the problem setter, and any external observer. It cannot be with respect to Alice, the problem solver. It would tell her the problem setting and thus the solution of the problem implicit in it. In the representation to Alice, the projection of the quantum state due to the initial measurement should be postponed until the end of the quantum algorithm. In either representation, there is a unitary transformation between the initial and final measurement outcomes. As a consequence, the final measurement of any ℛ-th part of the solution could select back in time a corresponding part of the random outcome of the initial measurement; the associated projection of the quantum state should be advanced by the inverse of that unitary transformation. This, in the representation to Alice, would tell her, before she begins her problem solving action, that part of the solution. The quantum algorithm should be seen as a sum over classical histories in each of which Alice knows in advance one of the possible ℛ-th parts of the solution and performs the oracle queries still needed to find it - this for the value of ℛ that explains the algorithm's speedup. We have a relation between retrocausality ℛ and the number of oracle queries needed to solve an oracle problem quantumly. All the oracle problems examined can be solved with any value of ℛ up to an upper bound attained by the optimal quantum algorithm. This bound is always in the vicinity of 1/2 . Moreover, ℛ =1/2 always provides the order of magnitude of the number of queries needed to solve the problem in an optimal quantum way. If this were true for any oracle problem, as plausible, it would solve the quantum query complexity problem.

A restricted signature normal form for Hermitian matrices, quasi-spectral decompositions, and applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freund, Roland W.; Huckle, Thomas

1989-01-01

In recent years, a number of results on the relationships between the inertias of Hermitian matrices and the inertias of their principal submatrices appeared in the literature. We study restricted congruence transformation of Hermitian matrices M which, at the same time, induce a congruence transformation of a given principal submatrix A of M. Such transformations lead to concept of the restricted signature normal form of M. In particular, by means of this normal form, we obtain short proofs of most of the known inertia theorems and also derive some new results of this type. For some applications, a special class of almost unitary restricted congruence transformations turns out to be useful. We show that, with such transformations, M can be reduced to a quasi-diagonal form which, in particular, displays the eigenvalues of A. Finally, applications of this quasi-spectral decomposition to generalize inverses and Hermitian matrix pencils are discussed.

Localization of Unitary Braid Group Representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rowell, Eric C.; Wang, Zhenghan

2012-05-01

Governed by locality, we explore a connection between unitary braid group representations associated to a unitary R-matrix and to a simple object in a unitary braided fusion category. Unitary R-matrices, namely unitary solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation, afford explicitly local unitary representations of braid groups. Inspired by topological quantum computation, we study whether or not it is possible to reassemble the irreducible summands appearing in the unitary braid group representations from a unitary braided fusion category with possibly different positive multiplicities to get representations that are uniformly equivalent to the ones from a unitary R-matrix. Such an equivalence will be called a localization of the unitary braid group representations. We show that the q = e π i/6 specialization of the unitary Jones representation of the braid groups can be localized by a unitary 9 × 9 R-matrix. Actually this Jones representation is the first one in a family of theories ( SO( N), 2) for an odd prime N > 1, which are conjectured to be localizable. We formulate several general conjectures and discuss possible connections to physics and computer science.

Symmetric weak ternary quantum homomorphic encryption schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yuqi; She, Kun; Luo, Qingbin; Yang, Fan; Zhao, Chao

2016-03-01

Based on a ternary quantum logic circuit, four symmetric weak ternary quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) schemes were proposed. First, for a one-qutrit rotation gate, a QHE scheme was constructed. Second, in view of the synthesis of a general 3 × 3 unitary transformation, another one-qutrit QHE scheme was proposed. Third, according to the one-qutrit scheme, the two-qutrit QHE scheme about generalized controlled X (GCX(m,n)) gate was constructed and further generalized to the n-qutrit unitary matrix case. Finally, the security of these schemes was analyzed in two respects. It can be concluded that the attacker can correctly guess the encryption key with a maximum probability pk = 1/33n, thus it can better protect the privacy of users’ data. Moreover, these schemes can be well integrated into the future quantum remote server architecture, and thus the computational security of the users’ private quantum information can be well protected in a distributed computing environment.

Qubit transport model for unitary black hole evaporation without firewalls*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osuga, Kento; Page, Don N.

2018-03-01

We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitatively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected.

Majorana-Based Fermionic Quantum Computation.

PubMed

O'Brien, T E; Rożek, P; Akhmerov, A R

2018-06-01

Because Majorana zero modes store quantum information nonlocally, they are protected from noise, and have been proposed as a building block for a quantum computer. We show how to use the same protection from noise to implement universal fermionic quantum computation. Our architecture requires only two Majorana modes to encode a fermionic quantum degree of freedom, compared to alternative implementations which require a minimum of four Majorana modes for a spin quantum degree of freedom. The fermionic degrees of freedom support both unitary coupled cluster variational quantum eigensolver and quantum phase estimation algorithms, proposed for quantum chemistry simulations. Because we avoid the Jordan-Wigner transformation, our scheme has a lower overhead for implementing both of these algorithms, allowing for simulation of the Trotterized Hubbard Hamiltonian in O(1) time per unitary step. We finally demonstrate magic state distillation in our fermionic architecture, giving a universal set of topologically protected fermionic quantum gates.

Efficient Quantum Pseudorandomness.

PubMed

Brandão, Fernando G S L; Harrow, Aram W; Horodecki, Michał

2016-04-29

Randomness is both a useful way to model natural systems and a useful tool for engineered systems, e.g., in computation, communication, and control. Fully random transformations require exponential time for either classical or quantum systems, but in many cases pseudorandom operations can emulate certain properties of truly random ones. Indeed, in the classical realm there is by now a well-developed theory regarding such pseudorandom operations. However, the construction of such objects turns out to be much harder in the quantum case. Here, we show that random quantum unitary time evolutions ("circuits") are a powerful source of quantum pseudorandomness. This gives for the first time a polynomial-time construction of quantum unitary designs, which can replace fully random operations in most applications, and shows that generic quantum dynamics cannot be distinguished from truly random processes. We discuss applications of our result to quantum information science, cryptography, and understanding the self-equilibration of closed quantum dynamics.

Majorana-Based Fermionic Quantum Computation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Brien, T. E.; RoŻek, P.; Akhmerov, A. R.

2018-06-01

Because Majorana zero modes store quantum information nonlocally, they are protected from noise, and have been proposed as a building block for a quantum computer. We show how to use the same protection from noise to implement universal fermionic quantum computation. Our architecture requires only two Majorana modes to encode a fermionic quantum degree of freedom, compared to alternative implementations which require a minimum of four Majorana modes for a spin quantum degree of freedom. The fermionic degrees of freedom support both unitary coupled cluster variational quantum eigensolver and quantum phase estimation algorithms, proposed for quantum chemistry simulations. Because we avoid the Jordan-Wigner transformation, our scheme has a lower overhead for implementing both of these algorithms, allowing for simulation of the Trotterized Hubbard Hamiltonian in O (1 ) time per unitary step. We finally demonstrate magic state distillation in our fermionic architecture, giving a universal set of topologically protected fermionic quantum gates.

Multihop teleportation of two-qubit state via the composite GHZ-Bell channel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Zhen-Zhen; Yu, Xu-Tao; Gong, Yan-Xiao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2017-01-01

A multihop teleportation protocol in quantum communication network is introduced to teleport an arbitrary two-qubit state, between two nodes without directly sharing entanglement pairs. Quantum channels are built among neighbor nodes based on a five-qubit entangled system composed of GHZ and Bell pairs. The von Neumann measurements in all intermediate nodes and the source node are implemented, and then the measurement outcomes are sent to the destination node independently. After collecting all the measurement outcomes at the destination node, an efficient method is proposed to calculate the unitary operations for transforming the receiver's states to the state teleported. Therefore, only adopting the proper unitary operations at the destination node, the desired quantum state can be recovered perfectly. The transmission flexibility and efficiency of quantum network with composite GHZ-Bell channel are improved by transmitting measurement outcomes of all nodes in parallelism and reducing hop-by-hop teleportation delay.

Time evolution, Lamb shift, and emission spectra of spontaneous emission of two identical atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Da-Wei; Li, Zheng-Hong; Zheng, Hang; Zhu, Shi-Yao

2010-04-01

A unitary transformation method is used to investigate the dynamic evolution of two multilevel atoms, in the basis of symmetric and antisymmetric states, with one atom being initially prepared in the first excited state and the other in the ground state. The unitary transformation guarantees that our calculations are based on the ground state of the atom-field system and the self-energy is subtracted at the beginning. The total Lamb shifts of the symmetric and antisymmetric states are divided into transformed shift and dynamic shift. The transformed shift is due to emitting and reabsorbing of virtual photons, by a single atom (nondynamic single atomic shift) and between the two atoms (quasi-static shift). The dynamic shift is due to the emitting and reabsorbing of real photons, by a single atom (dynamic single atomic shift) and between the two atoms (dynamic interatomic shift). The emitting and reabsorbing of virtual and real photons between the two atoms result in the interatomic shift, which does not exist for the one-atom case. The spectra at the long-time limit are calculated. If the distance between the two atoms is shorter than or comparable to the wavelength, the strong coupling between the two atoms splits the spectrum into two peaks, one from the symmetric state and the other from the antisymmetric state. The origin of the red or blue shifts for the symmetric and antisymmetric states mainly lies in the negative or positive interaction energy between the two atoms. In the investigation of the short time evolution, we find the modification of the effective density of states by the interaction between two atoms can modulate the quantum Zeno and quantum anti-Zeno effects in the decays of the symmetric and antisymmetric states.

Making a Case for CAD in the Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Threlfall, K. Denise

1995-01-01

Computer-assisted design (CAD) technology is transforming the apparel industry. Students of fashion merchandising and clothing design must be prepared on state-of-the-art equipment. ApparelCAD software is one example of courseware for instruction in pattern design and production. (SK)

The wave function and minimum uncertainty function of the bound quadratic Hamiltonian system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeon, Kyu Hwang; Um, Chung IN; George, T. F.

1994-01-01

The bound quadratic Hamiltonian system is analyzed explicitly on the basis of quantum mechanics. We have derived the invariant quantity with an auxiliary equation as the classical equation of motion. With the use of this invariant it can be determined whether or not the system is bound. In bound system we have evaluated the exact eigenfunction and minimum uncertainty function through unitary transformation.

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian source noise

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen Yujie; Peng Xiang; Yang Jian

2011-05-15

Source noise affects the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) and is difficult to analyze. We propose a model to characterize Gaussian source noise through introducing a neutral party (Fred) who induces the noise with a general unitary transformation. Without knowing Fred's exact state, we derive the security bounds for both reverse and direct reconciliations and show that the bound for reverse reconciliation is tight.

Minimum error discrimination between similarity-transformed quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jafarizadeh, M. A.; Sufiani, R.; Mazhari Khiavi, Y.

2011-07-01

Using the well-known necessary and sufficient conditions for minimum error discrimination (MED), we extract an equivalent form for the MED conditions. In fact, by replacing the inequalities corresponding to the MED conditions with an equivalent but more suitable and convenient identity, the problem of mixed state discrimination with optimal success probability is solved. Moreover, we show that the mentioned optimality conditions can be viewed as a Helstrom family of ensembles under some circumstances. Using the given identity, MED between N similarity transformed equiprobable quantum states is investigated. In the case that the unitary operators are generating a set of irreducible representation, the optimal set of measurements and corresponding maximum success probability of discrimination can be determined precisely. In particular, it is shown that for equiprobable pure states, the optimal measurement strategy is the square-root measurement (SRM), whereas for the mixed states, SRM is not optimal. In the case that the unitary operators are reducible, there is no closed-form formula in the general case, but the procedure can be applied in each case in accordance to that case. Finally, we give the maximum success probability of optimal discrimination for some important examples of mixed quantum states, such as generalized Bloch sphere m-qubit states, spin-j states, particular nonsymmetric qudit states, etc.

Quantum resonances and regularity islands in quantum maps

PubMed

Sokolov; Zhirov; Alonso; Casati

2000-05-01

We study analytically as well as numerically the dynamics of a quantum map near a quantum resonance of an order q. The map is embedded into a continuous unitary transformation generated by a time-independent quasi-Hamiltonian. Such a Hamiltonian generates at the very point of the resonance a local gauge transformation described by the unitary unimodular group SU(q). The resonant energy growth is attributed to the zero Liouville eigenmodes of the generator in the adjoint representation of the group while the nonzero modes yield saturating with time contribution. In a vicinity of a given resonance, the quasi-Hamiltonian is then found in the form of power expansion with respect to the detuning from the resonance. The problem is related in this way to the motion along a circle in a (q2 - 1)-component inhomogeneous "magnetic" field of a quantum particle with q intrinsic degrees of freedom described by the SU(q) group. This motion is in parallel with the classical phase oscillations near a nonlinear resonance. The most important role is played by the resonances with the orders much smaller than the typical localization length q < l. Such resonances master for exponentially long though finite times the motion in some domains around them. Explicit analytical solution is possible for a few lowest and strongest resonances.

Remote creation of a one-qubit mixed state through a short homogeneous spin-1/2 chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zenchuk, A. I.

2014-11-01

We consider a method of remote mixed state creation of a one-qubit subsystem (receiver) in a spin-1/2 chain governed by the nearest-neighbor X Y Hamiltonian. Owing to the evolution of the chain along with the variable local unitary transformation of the one- or two-qubit sender, a large variety of receiver states can be created during a specific time interval starting with a fixed initial state of the whole quantum system. These states form the creatable region of the receiver's state-space. It is remarkable that, with a two-qubit sender, a large creatable region may be covered at a properly fixed time instant t0 using just the variable local unitary transformation of the sender. In this case we have completely local control of remote state creation. In general, for a given initial state, there are some receiver states that may not be created using the above tool. These states form the unavailable region. In turn, this unavailable region might be the creatable region of another sender. Thus, in future, we have a way to share the whole receiver's state-space among the creatable regions of several senders. The effectiveness of remote state creation is characterized by the density function of the creatable region.

Minimum error discrimination between similarity-transformed quantum states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jafarizadeh, M. A.; Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Tehran 19395-1795; Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, Tabriz 51664

2011-07-15

Using the well-known necessary and sufficient conditions for minimum error discrimination (MED), we extract an equivalent form for the MED conditions. In fact, by replacing the inequalities corresponding to the MED conditions with an equivalent but more suitable and convenient identity, the problem of mixed state discrimination with optimal success probability is solved. Moreover, we show that the mentioned optimality conditions can be viewed as a Helstrom family of ensembles under some circumstances. Using the given identity, MED between N similarity transformed equiprobable quantum states is investigated. In the case that the unitary operators are generating a set of irreduciblemore » representation, the optimal set of measurements and corresponding maximum success probability of discrimination can be determined precisely. In particular, it is shown that for equiprobable pure states, the optimal measurement strategy is the square-root measurement (SRM), whereas for the mixed states, SRM is not optimal. In the case that the unitary operators are reducible, there is no closed-form formula in the general case, but the procedure can be applied in each case in accordance to that case. Finally, we give the maximum success probability of optimal discrimination for some important examples of mixed quantum states, such as generalized Bloch sphere m-qubit states, spin-j states, particular nonsymmetric qudit states, etc.« less

Do quantum strategies always win?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anand, Namit; Benjamin, Colin

2015-11-01

In a seminal paper, Meyer (Phys Rev Lett 82:1052, 1999) described the advantages of quantum game theory by looking at the classical penny flip game. A player using a quantum strategy can win against a classical player almost 100 % of the time. Here we make a slight modification to the quantum game, with the two players sharing an entangled state to begin with. We then analyze two different scenarios: First in which quantum player makes unitary transformations to his qubit, while the classical player uses a pure strategy of either flipping or not flipping the state of his qubit. In this case, the quantum player always wins against the classical player. In the second scenario, we have the quantum player making similar unitary transformations, while the classical player makes use of a mixed strategy wherein he either flips or not with some probability " p." We show that in the second scenario, 100 % win record of a quantum player is drastically reduced and for a particular probability " p" the classical player can even win against the quantum player. This is of possible relevance to the field of quantum computation as we show that in this quantum game of preserving versus destroying entanglement a particular classical algorithm can beat the quantum algorithm.

Isotropic scalar image visualization of vector differential image data using the inverse Riesz transform.

PubMed

Larkin, Kieran G; Fletcher, Peter A

2014-03-01

X-ray Talbot moiré interferometers can now simultaneously generate two differential phase images of a specimen. The conventional approach to integrating differential phase is unstable and often leads to images with loss of visible detail. We propose a new reconstruction method based on the inverse Riesz transform. The Riesz approach is stable and the final image retains visibility of high resolution detail without directional bias. The outline Riesz theory is developed and an experimentally acquired X-ray differential phase data set is presented for qualitative visual appraisal. The inverse Riesz phase image is compared with two alternatives: the integrated (quantitative) phase and the modulus of the gradient of the phase. The inverse Riesz transform has the computational advantages of a unitary linear operator, and is implemented directly as a complex multiplication in the Fourier domain also known as the spiral phase transform.

Isotropic scalar image visualization of vector differential image data using the inverse Riesz transform

PubMed Central

Larkin, Kieran G.; Fletcher, Peter A.

2014-01-01

X-ray Talbot moiré interferometers can now simultaneously generate two differential phase images of a specimen. The conventional approach to integrating differential phase is unstable and often leads to images with loss of visible detail. We propose a new reconstruction method based on the inverse Riesz transform. The Riesz approach is stable and the final image retains visibility of high resolution detail without directional bias. The outline Riesz theory is developed and an experimentally acquired X-ray differential phase data set is presented for qualitative visual appraisal. The inverse Riesz phase image is compared with two alternatives: the integrated (quantitative) phase and the modulus of the gradient of the phase. The inverse Riesz transform has the computational advantages of a unitary linear operator, and is implemented directly as a complex multiplication in the Fourier domain also known as the spiral phase transform. PMID:24688823

Education Unit Transformation for Maintain Its Existence in Islamic Boarding School (Multi-Case Study on Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School, Gading Islamic Boarding School Malang, and Sidogiri Islamic Boarding School Pasuruan)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busyairi AS, M.

2017-01-01

Islamic Boarding School which serves as native Islamic education institution is a continuation of education tradition grown strongly in Islamization history in unitary nation Republic of Indonesia. The education of Islamic Boarding School is also a sub-system of National Education with the purpose to make intelligent national life, to make…

FAST TRACK COMMUNICATION: Symmetry breaking, conformal geometry and gauge invariance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ilderton, Anton; Lavelle, Martin; McMullan, David

2010-08-01

When the electroweak action is rewritten in terms of SU(2) gauge-invariant variables, the Higgs can be interpreted as a conformal metric factor. We show that asymptotic flatness of the metric is required to avoid a Gribov problem: without it, the new variables fail to be nonperturbatively gauge invariant. We also clarify the relations between this approach and unitary gauge fixing, and the existence of similar transformations in other gauge theories.

Single-Particle Quantum Dynamics in a Magnetic Lattice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Venturini, Marco

2001-02-01

We study the quantum dynamics of a spinless charged-particle propagating through a magnetic lattice in a transport line or storage ring. Starting from the Klein-Gordon equation and by applying the paraxial approximation, we derive a Schroedinger-like equation for the betatron motion. A suitable unitary transformation reduces the problem to that of a simple harmonic oscillator. As a result we are able to find an explicit expression for the particle wavefunction.

The Integrality of Situated Caring in Nursing and the Environment

PubMed Central

Jarrin, Olga F.

2012-01-01

Much emphasis has been placed on the importance of the environment as a determinant of health; however, little theoretical work in nursing has specifically articulated the importance of the nursing practice environment as a factor in patient outcomes. This work advances the unitary-transformative-caring paradigm by focusing on the concept of integrality and exploring the nursing meta-paradigm concepts (nursing, environment, human being, and health) through integral philosophical inquiry. PMID:22222236

Unitary Root Music and Unitary Music with Real-Valued Rank Revealing Triangular Factorization

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

AFRL-RY-WP-TP-2010-1213 UNITARY ROOT MUSIC AND UNITARY MUSIC WITH REAL-VALUED RANK REVEALING TRIANGULAR FACTORIZATION (Postprint) Nizar...DATES COVERED (From - To) June 2010 Journal Article Postprint 08 September 2006 – 31 August 2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE UNITARY ROOT MUSIC AND...UNITARY MUSIC WITH REAL-VALUED RANK REVEALING TRIANGULAR FACTORIZATION (Postprint) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER FA8650-05-D-1912-0007 5c

Multi-dimensional quantum state sharing based on quantum Fourier transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Huawang; Tso, Raylin; Dai, Yuewei

2018-03-01

A scheme of multi-dimensional quantum state sharing is proposed. The dealer performs the quantum SUM gate and the quantum Fourier transform to encode a multi-dimensional quantum state into an entanglement state. Then the dealer distributes each participant a particle of the entanglement state, to share the quantum state among n participants. In the recovery, n-1 participants measure their particles and supply their measurement results; the last participant performs the unitary operation on his particle according to these measurement results and can reconstruct the initial quantum state. The proposed scheme has two merits: It can share the multi-dimensional quantum state and it does not need the entanglement measurement.

Real-Valued Covariance Vector Sparsity-Inducing DOA Estimation for Monostatic MIMO Radar

PubMed Central

Wang, Xianpeng; Wang, Wei; Li, Xin; Liu, Jing

2015-01-01

In this paper, a real-valued covariance vector sparsity-inducing method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed in monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Exploiting the special configuration of monostatic MIMO radar, low-dimensional real-valued received data can be obtained by using the reduced-dimensional transformation and unitary transformation technique. Then, based on the Khatri–Rao product, a real-valued sparse representation framework of the covariance vector is formulated to estimate DOA. Compared to the existing sparsity-inducing DOA estimation methods, the proposed method provides better angle estimation performance and lower computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method. PMID:26569241

Real-Valued Covariance Vector Sparsity-Inducing DOA Estimation for Monostatic MIMO Radar.

PubMed

Wang, Xianpeng; Wang, Wei; Li, Xin; Liu, Jing

2015-11-10

In this paper, a real-valued covariance vector sparsity-inducing method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed in monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Exploiting the special configuration of monostatic MIMO radar, low-dimensional real-valued received data can be obtained by using the reduced-dimensional transformation and unitary transformation technique. Then, based on the Khatri-Rao product, a real-valued sparse representation framework of the covariance vector is formulated to estimate DOA. Compared to the existing sparsity-inducing DOA estimation methods, the proposed method provides better angle estimation performance and lower computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.

Unitarily localizable entanglement of Gaussian states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Serafini, Alessio; Adesso, Gerardo; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2005-03-01

We consider generic (mxn)-mode bipartitions of continuous-variable systems, and study the associated bisymmetric multimode Gaussian states. They are defined as (m+n)-mode Gaussian states invariant under local mode permutations on the m-mode and n-mode subsystems. We prove that such states are equivalent, under local unitary transformations, to the tensor product of a two-mode state and of m+n-2 uncorrelated single-mode states. The entanglement between the m-mode and the n-mode blocks can then be completely concentrated on a single pair of modes by means of local unitary operations alone. This result allows us to prove that the PPT (positivity of the partial transpose)more » condition is necessary and sufficient for the separability of (m+n)-mode bisymmetric Gaussian states. We determine exactly their negativity and identify a subset of bisymmetric states whose multimode entanglement of formation can be computed analytically. We consider explicit examples of pure and mixed bisymmetric states and study their entanglement scaling with the number of modes.« less

Quantum one-way permutation over the finite field of two elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Castro, Alexandre

2017-06-01

In quantum cryptography, a one-way permutation is a bounded unitary operator U:{H} → {H} on a Hilbert space {H} that is easy to compute on every input, but hard to invert given the image of a random input. Levin (Probl Inf Transm 39(1):92-103, 2003) has conjectured that the unitary transformation g(a,x)=(a,f(x)+ax), where f is any length-preserving function and a,x \\in {GF}_{{2}^{\\Vert x\\Vert }}, is an information-theoretically secure operator within a polynomial factor. Here, we show that Levin's one-way permutation is provably secure because its output values are four maximally entangled two-qubit states, and whose probability of factoring them approaches zero faster than the multiplicative inverse of any positive polynomial poly( x) over the Boolean ring of all subsets of x. Our results demonstrate through well-known theorems that existence of classical one-way functions implies existence of a universal quantum one-way permutation that cannot be inverted in subexponential time in the worst case.

Probabilistic Teleportation of Two-Particle State of General Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Feng-Li; Tan, Hong-Ge; Yang, Lin-Guang

2002-06-01

A scheme for probabilistic teleporting an unknown two-particle state of general formation by partly pure entangled four-particle state is proposed. It is shown that after performing two Bell state measurements, proper unitary transformation and the measurement on an auxiliary qubit, the unknown two-particle state of general formation, which was destroyed at one place, can be reconstructed at another place with certain probability. The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China

Pure gauge spin-orbit couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shikakhwa, M. S.

2017-01-01

Planar systems with a general linear spin-orbit interaction (SOI) that can be cast in the form of a non-Abelian pure gauge field are investigated using the language of non-Abelian gauge field theory. A special class of these fields that, though a 2×2 matrix, are Abelian are seen to emerge and their general form is given. It is shown that the unitary transformation that gauges away these fields induces at the same time a rotation on the wave function about a fixed axis but with a space-dependent angle, both of which being characteristics of the SOI involved. The experimentally important case of equal-strength Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI (R+D SOI) is shown to fall within this special class of Abelian gauge fields, and the phenomenon of persistent spin helix (PSH) that emerges in the presence of this latter SOI in a plane is shown to fit naturally within the general formalism developed. The general formalism is also extended to the case of a particle confined to a ring. It is shown that the Hamiltonian on a ring in the presence of equal-strength R+D SOI is unitarily equivalent to that of a particle subject to only a spin-independent but θ-dependent potential with the unitary transformation relating the two being again the space-dependent rotation operator characteristic of R+D SOI.

From quantum measurement to biology via retrocausality.

PubMed

Matsuno, Koichiro

2017-12-01

A reaction cycle in general or a metabolic cycle in particular owes its evolutionary emergence to the covering reaction environment acting as a measurement apparatus of a natural origin. The quantum measurement of the environmental origin underlying the molecular processes observed in the biological realm is operative cohesively between the measuring and the measured. The measuring part comes to pull in a quantum as an indivisible lump available from an arbitrary material body to be measured. The inevitable difference between the impinging quantum upon the receiving end on the part of the environment and the actual quantum pulled into the receiving end comes to effectively be nullified through the retrocausative propagation of the corresponding wave function proceeding backwards in time. The retrocausal regulation applied to the interface between the measuring and the measured is to function as the organizational agency supporting biology, and is sought in the act for the present in the immediate future within the realm of quantum phenomena. Molecular dynamics in biology owes both the evolutionary buildup and maintenance of its organization to the retrocausal operation of the unitary transformation applied to quantum phenomena proceeding backwards in time. Quantum measurement provides the cohesive agency that is pivotal for implementing the retrocausal regulation. In particular, the physical origin of Darwinian natural selection can be seen in the retrocausal regulation applied to the unitary transformation of a quantum origin. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lorentz quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Qi; Wu, Biao

2018-01-01

We present a theoretical framework for the dynamics of bosonic Bogoliubov quasiparticles. We call it Lorentz quantum mechanics because the dynamics is a continuous complex Lorentz transformation in complex Minkowski space. In contrast, in usual quantum mechanics, the dynamics is the unitary transformation in Hilbert space. In our Lorentz quantum mechanics, three types of state exist: space-like, light-like and time-like. Fundamental aspects are explored in parallel to the usual quantum mechanics, such as a matrix form of a Lorentz transformation, and the construction of Pauli-like matrices for spinors. We also investigate the adiabatic evolution in these mechanics, as well as the associated Berry curvature and Chern number. Three typical physical systems, where bosonic Bogoliubov quasi-particles and their Lorentz quantum dynamics can arise, are presented. They are a one-dimensional fermion gas, Bose-Einstein condensate (or superfluid), and one-dimensional antiferromagnet.

Implementability of two-qubit unitary operations over the butterfly network and the ladder network with free classical communication

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akibue, Seiseki; Murao, Mio

2014-12-04

We investigate distributed implementation of two-qubit unitary operations over two primitive networks, the butterfly network and the ladder network, as a first step to apply network coding for quantum computation. By classifying two-qubit unitary operations in terms of the Kraus-Cirac number, the number of non-zero parameters describing the global part of two-qubit unitary operations, we analyze which class of two-qubit unitary operations is implementable over these networks with free classical communication. For the butterfly network, we show that two classes of two-qubit unitary operations, which contain all Clifford, controlled-unitary and matchgate operations, are implementable over the network. For the laddermore » network, we show that two-qubit unitary operations are implementable over the network if and only if their Kraus-Cirac number do not exceed the number of the bridges of the ladder.« less

High temperature ablation of kaolinite layered silicate/phenolic resin/asbestos cloth nanocomposite.

PubMed

Bahramian, Ahmad Reza; Kokabi, Mehrdad; Famili, Mohammad Hossein Navid; Beheshty, Mohammad Hossein

2008-01-15

The successful return of re-entry space vehicle, which is subjected to severe aerodynamic heating, is largely accompanied by some provisions to reduce the heat transfer to the structure. Heat shield is the best protection means which undergoes physical, chemical, and mostly endothermal transformations. The objective of this work is to investigate the ablating, charring, and thermal degradation behaviour of heat shield resol-type phenolic resin/kaolinite/asbestos cloth nanocomposite by oxyacetylene flame test with an external heat flux of 8 x 10(9)W/m(2) and 3000 K hot gas temperature and thermal analyzer techniques. Kinetic parameters of thermal degradation and temperature distribution at the back surface of the nanocomposite heat shield were determined and compared with that of composite counterpart.

On complex matrices with simple spectrum that are unitarily similar to real matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikramov, Khakim D.

2011-04-01

Suppose that one should verify whether a given complex n × n matrix can be converted into a real matrix by a unitary similarity transformation. Sufficient conditions for this property to hold were found in an earlier publication of this author. These conditions are relaxed in the following way: as before, the spectrum is required to be simple, but pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues λ ,bar λ are now allowed. However, the eigenvectors corresponding to such eigenvalues must not be orthogonal.

On peaceful coexistence: is the collapse postulate incompatible with relativity?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myrvold, Wayne C.

In this paper, it is argued that the prima facie conflict between special relativity and the quantum-mechanical collapse postulate is only apparent, and that the seemingly incompatible accounts of entangled systems undergoing collapse yielded by different reference frames can be regarded as no more than differing accounts of the same processes and events. Attention to the transformation properties of quantum-mechanical states undergoing unitary, non-collapse evolution points the way to a treatment of collapse evolution consistent with the demands of relativity.

Threshold quantum cryptography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokunaga, Yuuki; Okamoto, Tatsuaki; Imoto, Nobuyuki

2005-01-01

We present the concept of threshold collaborative unitary transformation or threshold quantum cryptography, which is a kind of quantum version of threshold cryptography. Threshold quantum cryptography states that classical shared secrets are distributed to several parties and a subset of them, whose number is greater than a threshold, collaborates to compute a quantum cryptographic function, while keeping each share secretly inside each party. The shared secrets are reusable if no cheating is detected. As a concrete example of this concept, we show a distributed protocol (with threshold) of conjugate coding.

Analysis of International Space Station Vehicle Materials on MISSE 6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finckenor, Miria; Golden, Johnny; Kravchenko, Michael; O'Rourke, Mary Jane

2010-01-01

The International Space Station Materials and Processes team has multiple material samples on MISSE 6, 7 and 8 to observe Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environmental effects on Space Station materials. Optical properties, thickness/mass loss, surface elemental analysis, visual and microscopic analysis for surface change are some of the techniques employed in this investigation. Results for the following MISSE 6 samples materials will be presented: deionized water sealed anodized aluminum; Hyzod(tm) polycarbonate used to temporarily protect ISS windows; Russian quartz window material; Beta Cloth with Teflon(tm) reformulated without perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and electroless nickel. Discussion for current and future MISSE materials experiments will be presented. MISSE 7 samples are: more deionized water sealed anodized aluminum, including Photofoil(tm); indium tin oxide (ITO) over-coated Kapton(tm) used as thermo-optical surfaces; mechanically scribed tin-plated beryllium-copper samples for "tin pest" growth (alpha/beta transformation); and beta cloth backed with a black coating rather than aluminization. MISSE 8 samples are: exposed "scrim cloth" (fiberglass weave) from the ISS solar array wing material, protective fiberglass tapes and sleeve materials, and optical witness samples to monitor contamination.

The overview effect: the impact of space exploration on the evolution of nursing science.

PubMed

Butcher, H K; Forchuk, C

1992-01-01

The purpose of this article is to explore the overview effect, an experience evoked by space travel that has the capacity to transform all patterns of human existence and evolution toward greater potentials in human diversity and creativity. As nurses migrate with humanity into the solar system and beyond, they will experience the overview effect. The core components of the effect include changed perceptions of space, time, sound, and weight which have the potential to transform the evolution of nursing science. Nursing paradigms will encompass a view of humanity as integral with an infinite evolutionary universe. After generations of living in space in a diversity of new environments, the physical body will undergo radical changes, and the meaning of health will be transformed. The article concludes with a discussion on the parallels between Rogers' science of unitary human beings and the overview effect.

Perspective: Quantum Hamiltonians for optical interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrews, David L.; Jones, Garth A.; Salam, A.; Woolley, R. Guy

2018-01-01

The multipolar Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics is extensively employed in chemical and optical physics to treat rigorously the interaction of electromagnetic fields with matter. It is also widely used to evaluate intermolecular interactions. The multipolar version of the Hamiltonian is commonly obtained by carrying out a unitary transformation of the Coulomb gauge Hamiltonian that goes by the name of Power-Zienau-Woolley (PZW). Not only does the formulation provide excellent agreement with experiment, and versatility in its predictive ability, but also superior physical insight. Recently, the foundations and validity of the PZW Hamiltonian have been questioned, raising a concern over issues of gauge transformation and invariance, and whether observable quantities obtained from unitarily equivalent Hamiltonians are identical. Here, an in-depth analysis of theoretical foundations clarifies the issues and enables misconceptions to be identified. Claims of non-physicality are refuted: the PZW transformation and ensuing Hamiltonian are shown to rest on solid physical principles and secure theoretical ground.

Gauge transformations for twisted spectral triples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landi, Giovanni; Martinetti, Pierre

2018-05-01

It is extended to twisted spectral triples the fluctuations of the metric as bounded perturbations of the Dirac operator that arises when a spectral triple is exported between Morita equivalent algebras, as well as gauge transformations which are obtained by the action of the unitary endomorphisms of the module implementing the Morita equivalence. It is firstly shown that the twisted-gauged Dirac operators, previously introduced to generate an extra scalar field in the spectral description of the standard model of elementary particles, in fact follow from Morita equivalence between twisted spectral triples. The law of transformation of the gauge potentials turns out to be twisted in a natural way. In contrast with the non-twisted case, twisted fluctuations do not necessarily preserve the self-adjointness of the Dirac operator. For a self-Morita equivalence, conditions are obtained in order to maintain self-adjointness that are solved explicitly for the minimal twist of a Riemannian manifold.

Uncertainty relation for the discrete Fourier transform.

PubMed

Massar, Serge; Spindel, Philippe

2008-05-16

We derive an uncertainty relation for two unitary operators which obey a commutation relation of the form UV=e(i phi) VU. Its most important application is to constrain how much a quantum state can be localized simultaneously in two mutually unbiased bases related by a discrete fourier transform. It provides an uncertainty relation which smoothly interpolates between the well-known cases of the Pauli operators in two dimensions and the continuous variables position and momentum. This work also provides an uncertainty relation for modular variables, and could find applications in signal processing. In the finite dimensional case the minimum uncertainty states, discrete analogues of coherent and squeezed states, are minimum energy solutions of Harper's equation, a discrete version of the harmonic oscillator equation.

2010 Mississippi Curriculum Framework: Postsecondary Clothing and Textile Services. (Program CIP-19.0905)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redfield, Verlene

2010-01-01

As the world economy continues to evolve, businesses and industries must adopt new practices and processes in order to survive. Quality and cost control, work teams and participatory management, and an infusion of technology are transforming the way people work and do business. Employees are now expected to read, write, and communicate…

Separation of Dirac's Hamiltonian by Van Vleck transformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jørgensen, Flemming

2017-01-01

The now classic Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation (FWT) was introduced as successive unitary transformations. This fundamental idea has become the standard in later developments such as the Douglas-Kroll transformation (DKT) - but it is not the only possibility. FWT can be seen as a simple special case of the general Van Vleck transformation (VVT) which besides the successive version has another, known as the canonical because of a series of nice mathematical properties discovered gradually over time. The aim of the present paper is to compare the two approaches - which give identical results in the lower orders, but not in the higher. After having recapitalised both, we apply them to Dirac's Hamiltonian for the electron in a constant electromagnetic field, written with so few assumptions about the operators that the mathematical techniques stand out separated from the terminology of relativistic quantum mechanics. FWT for a free particle is dealt with by a recent geometric approach to VVT. The original FWT is continued through the next non-zero orders. DKT is considered with special weight on equivalent formulations of the generalised and the optimised forms introduced by Wolf, Reiher and Hess.

A mapping from the unitary to doubly stochastic matrices and symbols on a finite set

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karabegov, Alexander V.

2008-11-01

We prove that the mapping from the unitary to doubly stochastic matrices that maps a unitary matrix (ukl) to the doubly stochastic matrix (|ukl|2) is a submersion at a generic unitary matrix. The proof uses the framework of operator symbols on a finite set.

Local unitary transformation method toward practical electron correlation calculations with scalar relativistic effect in large-scale molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seino, Junji; Nakai, Hiromi, E-mail: nakai@waseda.jp; Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555

In order to perform practical electron correlation calculations, the local unitary transformation (LUT) scheme at the spin-free infinite-order Douglas–Kroll–Hess (IODKH) level [J. Seino and H. Nakai, J. Chem. Phys.136, 244102 (2012); J. Seino and H. Nakai, J. Chem. Phys.137, 144101 (2012)], which is based on the locality of relativistic effects, has been combined with the linear-scaling divide-and-conquer (DC)-based Hartree–Fock (HF) and electron correlation methods, such as the second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) and the coupled cluster theories with single and double excitations (CCSD). Numerical applications in hydrogen halide molecules, (HX){sub n} (X = F, Cl, Br, and I), coinage metal chain systems,more » M{sub n} (M = Cu and Ag), and platinum-terminated polyynediyl chain, trans,trans-((p-CH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}){sub 3}P){sub 2}(C{sub 6}H{sub 5})Pt(C≡C){sub 4}Pt(C{sub 6}H{sub 5})((p-CH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}){sub 3}P){sub 2}, clarified that the present methods, namely DC-HF, MP2, and CCSD with the LUT-IODKH Hamiltonian, reproduce the results obtained using conventional methods with small computational costs. The combination of both LUT and DC techniques could be the first approach that achieves overall quasi-linear-scaling with a small prefactor for relativistic electron correlation calculations.« less

A Shearlet-based algorithm for quantum noise removal in low-dose CT images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Aguan; Jiang, Huiqin; Ma, Ling; Liu, Yumin; Yang, Xiaopeng

2016-03-01

Low-dose CT (LDCT) scanning is a potential way to reduce the radiation exposure of X-ray in the population. It is necessary to improve the quality of low-dose CT images. In this paper, we propose an effective algorithm for quantum noise removal in LDCT images using shearlet transform. Because the quantum noise can be simulated by Poisson process, we first transform the quantum noise by using anscombe variance stabilizing transform (VST), producing an approximately Gaussian noise with unitary variance. Second, the non-noise shearlet coefficients are obtained by adaptive hard-threshold processing in shearlet domain. Third, we reconstruct the de-noised image using the inverse shearlet transform. Finally, an anscombe inverse transform is applied to the de-noised image, which can produce the improved image. The main contribution is to combine the anscombe VST with the shearlet transform. By this way, edge coefficients and noise coefficients can be separated from high frequency sub-bands effectively. A number of experiments are performed over some LDCT images by using the proposed method. Both quantitative and visual results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the quantum noise while enhancing the subtle details. It has certain value in clinical application.

Dependence of the quantum speed limit on system size and control complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Juneseo; Arenz, Christian; Rabitz, Herschel; Russell, Benjamin

2018-06-01

We extend the work in 2017 New J. Phys. 19 103015 by deriving a lower bound for the minimum time necessary to implement a unitary transformation on a generic, closed quantum system with an arbitrary number of classical control fields. This bound is explicitly analyzed for a specific N-level system similar to those used to represent simple models of an atom, or the first excitation sector of a Heisenberg spin chain, both of which are of interest in quantum control for quantum computation. Specifically, it is shown that the resultant bound depends on the dimension of the system, and on the number of controls used to implement a specific target unitary operation. The value of the bound determined numerically, and an estimate of the true minimum gate time are systematically compared for a range of system dimension and number of controls; special attention is drawn to the relationship between these two variables. It is seen that the bound captures the scaling of the minimum time well for the systems studied, and quantitatively is correct in the order of magnitude.

Q&A: The nanomaterials designer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibney, Elizabeth

2015-10-01

Ali Yetisen's research includes using nanotechnology and biosensors to make environmentally responsive materials for clothes, tattoos, accessories and contact lenses -- materials that could be the future of fashion. Here, Yetisen, who works at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital in Cambridge, talks about mimicking the diffraction in butterfly wings, transforming gowns, and what fashion designers and materials scientists can learn from each other.

Quantum computation over the butterfly network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Soeda, Akihito; Kinjo, Yoshiyuki; Turner, Peter S.

2011-07-15

In order to investigate distributed quantum computation under restricted network resources, we introduce a quantum computation task over the butterfly network where both quantum and classical communications are limited. We consider deterministically performing a two-qubit global unitary operation on two unknown inputs given at different nodes, with outputs at two distinct nodes. By using a particular resource setting introduced by M. Hayashi [Phys. Rev. A 76, 040301(R) (2007)], which is capable of performing a swap operation by adding two maximally entangled qubits (ebits) between the two input nodes, we show that unitary operations can be performed without adding any entanglementmore » resource, if and only if the unitary operations are locally unitary equivalent to controlled unitary operations. Our protocol is optimal in the sense that the unitary operations cannot be implemented if we relax the specifications of any of the channels. We also construct protocols for performing controlled traceless unitary operations with a 1-ebit resource and for performing global Clifford operations with a 2-ebit resource.« less

Meditations on the unitary rhythm of dying-grieving.

PubMed

Malinski, Violet M

2012-07-01

When someone faces loss of a loved one, that person simultaneously grieves and dies a little, just as the one dying also grieves. The author's personal conceptualization of dying and grieving as a unitary rhythm is explored based primarily on her interpretation of Rogers' science of unitary human beings, along with selected examples from related nursing literature and from the emerging focus on continuing bonds in other disciplines. Examples from contemporary songwriters that depict such a unitary conceptualization are given along with personal examples. The author concludes with her description of the unitary rhythm of dying-grieving.

Polaron mobility obtained by a variational approach for lattice Fröhlich models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kornjača, Milan; Vukmirović, Nenad

2018-04-01

Charge carrier mobility for a class of lattice models with long-range electron-phonon interaction was investigated. The approach for mobility calculation is based on a suitably chosen unitary transformation of the model Hamiltonian which transforms it into the form where the remaining interaction part can be treated as a perturbation. Relevant spectral functions were then obtained using Matsubara Green's functions technique and charge carrier mobility was evaluated using Kubo's linear response formula. Numerical results were presented for a wide range of electron-phonon interaction strengths and temperatures in the case of one-dimensional version of the model. The results indicate that the mobility decreases with increasing temperature for all electron-phonon interaction strengths in the investigated range, while longer interaction range leads to more mobile carriers.

Joint Remote State Preparation Schemes for Two Different Quantum States Selectively

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Jin

2018-05-01

The scheme for joint remote state preparation of two different one-qubit states according to requirement is proposed by using one four-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled KLM state as quantum channel. The scheme for joint remote state preparation of two different two-qubit states according to requirement is also proposed by using one four-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled KLM state and one three-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled GHZ state as quantum channels. Quantum non-demolition measurement, Hadamard gate operation, projective measurement and unitary transformation are included in the schemes.

Water electrolysis with a conducting carbon cloth: subthreshold hydrogen generation and superthreshold carbon quantum dot formation.

PubMed

Biswal, Mandakini; Deshpande, Aparna; Kelkar, Sarika; Ogale, Satishchandra

2014-03-01

A conducting carbon cloth, which has an interesting turbostratic microstructure and functional groups that are distinctly different from other ordered forms of carbon, such as graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, was synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis of cellulose fabric. This turbostratic disorder and surface chemical functionalities had interesting consequences for water splitting and hydrogen generation when such a cloth was used as an electrode in the alkaline electrolysis process. Importantly, this work also gives a new twist to carbon-assisted electrolysis. During electrolysis, the active sites in the carbon cloth allow slow oxidation of its surface to transform the surface groups from COH to COOH and so forth at a voltage as low as 0.2 V in a two-electrode system, along with platinum as the cathode, instead of 1.23 V (plus overpotential), which is required for platinum, steel, or even graphite anodes. The quantity of subthreshold hydrogen evolved was 24 mL cm(-2)  h(-1) at 1 V. Interestingly, at a superthreshold potential (>1.23 V+overpotential), another remarkable phenomenon was found. At such voltages, along with the high rate and quantity of hydrogen evolution, rapid exfoliation of the tiny nanoscale (5-7 nm) units of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are found in copious amounts due to an enhanced oxidation rate. These CQDs show bright-blue fluorescence under UV light. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Does the sex of a simulated patient affect CPR?

PubMed

Kramer, Chelsea E; Wilkins, Matthew S; Davies, Jan M; Caird, Jeff K; Hallihan, Gregory M

2015-01-01

While males and females are equally at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), females are less likely to be resuscitated. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) may be inhibited by socio-cultural norms about exposing female victims' chests. Empirically confirming this hypothesis is limited by lack of patient simulators modeling realistic female physiques. A commercially-available patient simulator was transformed to evaluate how physical attributes of a patient's sex might influence lay participants who were asked to resuscitate a female versus a male during simulated cardiac arrest. Sixty-nine participants consented to be in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to provide CPR and defibrillation as instructed by a commercially-available automated external defibrillator on a patient simulator presented as either a male or female experiencing cardiac arrest. Rescuers removed significantly more clothing from the male than the female, with men removing less clothing from the female. More rescuers' initial hand placements for CPR were centered between the female's breasts compared to the male, on which placement was distributed across the chest towards the nipples. While rescuers had better hand placement for CPR on the female, both men and women rescuers were reluctant to remove the female's clothing, with men significantly more hesitant. Reticence to remove clothing was often articulated relative to social norms during structured interviews. We suggest that using only male simulators will not allow trainees to experience social differences associated with the care of a female simulated patient. Realistic female patient simulators are needed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Matrix elements and duality for type 2 unitary representations of the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Werry, Jason L.; Gould, Mark D.; Isaac, Phillip S.

The characteristic identity formalism discussed in our recent articles is further utilized to derive matrix elements of type 2 unitary irreducible gl(m|n) modules. In particular, we give matrix element formulae for all gl(m|n) generators, including the non-elementary generators, together with their phases on finite dimensional type 2 unitary irreducible representations which include the contravariant tensor representations and an additional class of essentially typical representations. Remarkably, we find that the type 2 unitary matrix element equations coincide with the type 1 unitary matrix element equations for non-vanishing matrix elements up to a phase.

Core shroud corner joints

DOEpatents

Gilmore, Charles B.; Forsyth, David R.

2013-09-10

A core shroud is provided, which includes a number of planar members, a number of unitary corners, and a number of subassemblies each comprising a combination of the planar members and the unitary corners. Each unitary corner comprises a unitary extrusion including a first planar portion and a second planar portion disposed perpendicularly with respect to the first planar portion. At least one of the subassemblies comprises a plurality of the unitary corners disposed side-by-side in an alternating opposing relationship. A plurality of the subassemblies can be combined to form a quarter perimeter segment of the core shroud. Four quarter perimeter segments join together to form the core shroud.

Unitary lens semiconductor device

DOEpatents

Lear, Kevin L.

1997-01-01

A unitary lens semiconductor device and method. The unitary lens semiconductor device is provided with at least one semiconductor layer having a composition varying in the growth direction for unitarily forming one or more lenses in the semiconductor layer. Unitary lens semiconductor devices may be formed as light-processing devices such as microlenses, and as light-active devices such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and resonant cavity photodetectors.

A unitary healing praxis model for women in despair.

PubMed

Cowling, W Richard

2006-04-01

The evolution of a unitary healing praxis model derived from three unitary appreciative inquiries of despair is described. Explication of unitary appreciative inquiry and how it informed and contributed to the development of the model is provided. The model is based on a conceptualization of healing as appreciating the inherent wholeness of life and provides knowledge specific to the individual lives of women in despair. The process of generative theorizing that led to the creation of the model is explicated. Unitary, appreciative, and participatory responses to despair are integrated in the model, praxis modalities are delineated, key concerns and perspectives of women in despair are addressed, and potentialities for healing are illustrated.

Instrument development and the measurement of unitary constructs.

PubMed

Carboni, J T

1992-01-01

This article initiates needed dialogue on the development of instruments to measure unitary constructs. The concept of measurement is explored and current measurement in Rogerian research is considered in light of the issues raised in the discussion. The human field - environmental field relationship is presented as the clinical practice area serving as the basis for the development of a unitary instrument that purports to measure field pattern. The instrument entitled Mutual Exploration of the Healing Human Field - Environmental Field Relationship is offered as a beginning effort in constructing an instrument that measures a unitary phenomenon. Rogerian scholars are provided with the challenge to continue the debate regarding the whole field of measurement and the development of unitary tools.

Exact mapping between system-reservoir quantum models and semi-infinite discrete chains using orthogonal polynomials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chin, Alex W.; Rivas, Angel; Huelga, Susana F.

2010-09-15

By using the properties of orthogonal polynomials, we present an exact unitary transformation that maps the Hamiltonian of a quantum system coupled linearly to a continuum of bosonic or fermionic modes to a Hamiltonian that describes a one-dimensional chain with only nearest-neighbor interactions. This analytical transformation predicts a simple set of relations between the parameters of the chain and the recurrence coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials used in the transformation and allows the chain parameters to be computed using numerically stable algorithms that have been developed to compute recurrence coefficients. We then prove some general properties of this chain systemmore » for a wide range of spectral functions and give examples drawn from physical systems where exact analytic expressions for the chain properties can be obtained. Crucially, the short-range interactions of the effective chain system permit these open-quantum systems to be efficiently simulated by the density matrix renormalization group methods.« less

Dissipative and nonunitary solutions of operator commutation relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makarov, K. A.; Tsekanovskii, E.

2016-01-01

We study the (generalized) semi-Weyl commutation relations UgAU* g = g(A) on Dom(A), where A is a densely defined operator and G ∋ g ↦ Ug is a unitary representation of the subgroup G of the affine group G, the group of affine orientation-preserving transformations of the real axis. If A is a symmetric operator, then the group G induces an action/flow on the operator unit ball of contracting transformations from Ker(A* - iI) to Ker(A* + iI). We establish several fixed-point theorems for this flow. In the case of one-parameter continuous subgroups of linear transformations, self-adjoint (maximal dissipative) operators associated with the fixed points of the flow yield solutions of the (restricted) generalized Weyl commutation relations. We show that in the dissipative setting, the restricted Weyl relations admit a variety of representations that are not unitarily equivalent. For deficiency indices (1, 1), the basic results can be strengthened and set in a separate case.

Disformal invariance of curvature perturbation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Motohashi, Hayato; White, Jonathan, E-mail: motohashi@kicp.uchicago.edu, E-mail: jwhite@post.kek.jp

2016-02-01

We show that under a general disformal transformation the linear comoving curvature perturbation is not identically invariant, but is invariant on superhorizon scales for any theory that is disformally related to Horndeski's theory. The difference between disformally related curvature perturbations is found to be given in terms of the comoving density perturbation associated with a single canonical scalar field. In General Relativity it is well-known that this quantity vanishes on superhorizon scales through the Poisson equation that is obtained on combining the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints, and we confirm that a similar result holds for any theory that is disformallymore » related to Horndeski's scalar-tensor theory so long as the invertibility condition for the disformal transformation is satisfied. We also consider the curvature perturbation at full nonlinear order in the unitary gauge, and find that it is invariant under a general disformal transformation if we assume that an attractor regime has been reached. Finally, we also discuss the counting of degrees of freedom in theories disformally related to Horndeski's.« less

Unitary lens semiconductor device

DOEpatents

Lear, K.L.

1997-05-27

A unitary lens semiconductor device and method are disclosed. The unitary lens semiconductor device is provided with at least one semiconductor layer having a composition varying in the growth direction for unitarily forming one or more lenses in the semiconductor layer. Unitary lens semiconductor devices may be formed as light-processing devices such as microlenses, and as light-active devices such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and resonant cavity photodetectors. 9 figs.

Parallel solution of closely coupled systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Utku, S.; Salama, M.

1986-01-01

The odd-even permutation and associated unitary transformations for reordering the matrix coefficient A are employed as means of breaking the strong seriality which is characteristic of closely coupled systems. The nested dissection technique is also reviewed, and the equivalence between reordering A and dissecting its network is established. The effect of transforming A with odd-even permutation on its topology and the topology of its Cholesky factors is discussed. This leads to the construction of directed graphs showing the computational steps required for factoring A, their precedence relationships and their sequential and concurrent assignment to the available processors. Expressions for the speed-up and efficiency of using N processors in parallel relative to the sequential use of a single processor are derived from the directed graph. Similar expressions are also derived when the number of available processors is fewer than required.

Generalized Weyl-Wigner map and Vey quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dias, Nuno Costa; Prata, João Nuno

2001-12-01

The Weyl-Wigner map yields the entire structure of Moyal quantum mechanics directly from the standard operator formulation. The covariant generalization of Moyal theory, also known as Vey quantum mechanics, was presented in the literature many years ago. However, a derivation of the formalism directly from standard operator quantum mechanics, clarifying the relation between the two formulations, is still missing. In this article we present a covariant generalization of the Weyl order prescription and of the Weyl-Wigner map and use them to derive Vey quantum mechanics directly from the standard operator formulation. The procedure displays some interesting features: it yields all the key ingredients and provides a more straightforward interpretation of the Vey theory including a direct implementation of unitary operator transformations as phase space coordinate transformations in the Vey idiom. These features are illustrated through a simple example.

Programmable dispersion on a photonic integrated circuit for classical and quantum applications.

PubMed

Notaros, Jelena; Mower, Jacob; Heuck, Mikkel; Lupo, Cosmo; Harris, Nicholas C; Steinbrecher, Gregory R; Bunandar, Darius; Baehr-Jones, Tom; Hochberg, Michael; Lloyd, Seth; Englund, Dirk

2017-09-04

We demonstrate a large-scale tunable-coupling ring resonator array, suitable for high-dimensional classical and quantum transforms, in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platform. The device consists of a waveguide coupled to 15 ring-based dispersive elements with programmable linewidths and resonance frequencies. The ability to control both quality factor and frequency of each ring provides an unprecedented 30 degrees of freedom in dispersion control on a single spatial channel. This programmable dispersion control system has a range of applications, including mode-locked lasers, quantum key distribution, and photon-pair generation. We also propose a novel application enabled by this circuit - high-speed quantum communications using temporal-mode-based quantum data locking - and discuss the utility of the system for performing the high-dimensional unitary optical transformations necessary for a quantum data locking demonstration.

Entanglement quantification by local unitary operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monras, A.; Adesso, G.; Giampaolo, S. M.; Gualdi, G.; Davies, G. B.; Illuminati, F.

2011-07-01

Invariance under local unitary operations is a fundamental property that must be obeyed by every proper measure of quantum entanglement. However, this is not the only aspect of entanglement theory where local unitary operations play a relevant role. In the present work we show that the application of suitable local unitary operations defines a family of bipartite entanglement monotones, collectively referred to as “mirror entanglement.” They are constructed by first considering the (squared) Hilbert-Schmidt distance of the state from the set of states obtained by applying to it a given local unitary operator. To the action of each different local unitary operator there corresponds a different distance. We then minimize these distances over the sets of local unitary operations with different spectra, obtaining an entire family of different entanglement monotones. We show that these mirror-entanglement monotones are organized in a hierarchical structure, and we establish the conditions that need to be imposed on the spectrum of a local unitary operator for the associated mirror entanglement to be faithful, i.e., to vanish in and only in separable pure states. We analyze in detail the properties of one particularly relevant member of the family, the “stellar mirror entanglement” associated with the traceless local unitary operations with nondegenerate spectra and equispaced eigenvalues in the complex plane. This particular measure generalizes the original analysis of S. M. Giampaolo and F. Illuminati [Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.76.042301 76, 042301 (2007)], valid for qubits and qutrits. We prove that the stellar entanglement is a faithful bipartite entanglement monotone in any dimension and that it is bounded from below by a function proportional to the linear entropy and from above by the linear entropy itself, coinciding with it in two- and three-dimensional spaces.

Entanglement quantification by local unitary operations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Monras, A.; Giampaolo, S. M.; Gualdi, G.

2011-07-15

Invariance under local unitary operations is a fundamental property that must be obeyed by every proper measure of quantum entanglement. However, this is not the only aspect of entanglement theory where local unitary operations play a relevant role. In the present work we show that the application of suitable local unitary operations defines a family of bipartite entanglement monotones, collectively referred to as ''mirror entanglement.'' They are constructed by first considering the (squared) Hilbert-Schmidt distance of the state from the set of states obtained by applying to it a given local unitary operator. To the action of each different localmore » unitary operator there corresponds a different distance. We then minimize these distances over the sets of local unitary operations with different spectra, obtaining an entire family of different entanglement monotones. We show that these mirror-entanglement monotones are organized in a hierarchical structure, and we establish the conditions that need to be imposed on the spectrum of a local unitary operator for the associated mirror entanglement to be faithful, i.e., to vanish in and only in separable pure states. We analyze in detail the properties of one particularly relevant member of the family, the ''stellar mirror entanglement'' associated with the traceless local unitary operations with nondegenerate spectra and equispaced eigenvalues in the complex plane. This particular measure generalizes the original analysis of S. M. Giampaolo and F. Illuminati [Phys. Rev. A 76, 042301 (2007)], valid for qubits and qutrits. We prove that the stellar entanglement is a faithful bipartite entanglement monotone in any dimension and that it is bounded from below by a function proportional to the linear entropy and from above by the linear entropy itself, coinciding with it in two- and three-dimensional spaces.« less

Duality quantum algorithm efficiently simulates open quantum systems

PubMed Central

Wei, Shi-Jie; Ruan, Dong; Long, Gui-Lu

2016-01-01

Because of inevitable coupling with the environment, nearly all practical quantum systems are open system, where the evolution is not necessarily unitary. In this paper, we propose a duality quantum algorithm for simulating Hamiltonian evolution of an open quantum system. In contrast to unitary evolution in a usual quantum computer, the evolution operator in a duality quantum computer is a linear combination of unitary operators. In this duality quantum algorithm, the time evolution of the open quantum system is realized by using Kraus operators which is naturally implemented in duality quantum computer. This duality quantum algorithm has two distinct advantages compared to existing quantum simulation algorithms with unitary evolution operations. Firstly, the query complexity of the algorithm is O(d3) in contrast to O(d4) in existing unitary simulation algorithm, where d is the dimension of the open quantum system. Secondly, By using a truncated Taylor series of the evolution operators, this duality quantum algorithm provides an exponential improvement in precision compared with previous unitary simulation algorithm. PMID:27464855

Characterization of Highly Sulfonated SIBS Polymer Partially Neutralized With Mg(+2) Cations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

protective clothing, block copolymer ionomer membranes emerge. They are highly ordered sequence of both ionic and nonionic blocks, in which the ionic ...incorporated into the ionic polymer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that a significant amount of ordering occurred as a result on...increasing Mg content. This band indicates Mg complexation formed when two or more sulfonate groups ionically bonded to the Mg+2 cation

Efficient universal quantum channel simulation in IBM's cloud quantum computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Shi-Jie; Xin, Tao; Long, Gui-Lu

2018-07-01

The study of quantum channels is an important field and promises a wide range of applications, because any physical process can be represented as a quantum channel that transforms an initial state into a final state. Inspired by the method of performing non-unitary operators by the linear combination of unitary operations, we proposed a quantum algorithm for the simulation of the universal single-qubit channel, described by a convex combination of "quasi-extreme" channels corresponding to four Kraus operators, and is scalable to arbitrary higher dimension. We demonstrated the whole algorithm experimentally using the universal IBM cloud-based quantum computer and studied the properties of different qubit quantum channels. We illustrated the quantum capacity of the general qubit quantum channels, which quantifies the amount of quantum information that can be protected. The behavior of quantum capacity in different channels revealed which types of noise processes can support information transmission, and which types are too destructive to protect information. There was a general agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experiments, which strongly supports our method. By realizing the arbitrary qubit channel, this work provides a universally- accepted way to explore various properties of quantum channels and novel prospect for quantum communication.

Dirac fields in flat FLRW cosmology: Uniqueness of the Fock quantization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cortez, Jerónimo, E-mail: jacq@ciencias.unam.mx; Elizaga Navascués, Beatriz, E-mail: beatriz.elizaga@iem.cfmac.csic.es; Martín-Benito, Mercedes, E-mail: m.martin@hef.ru.nl

We address the issue of the infinite ambiguity that affects the construction of a Fock quantization of a Dirac field propagating in a cosmological spacetime with flat compact sections. In particular, we discuss a physical criterion that restricts to a unique possibility (up to unitary equivalence) the infinite set of available vacua. We prove that this desired uniqueness is guaranteed, for any possible choice of spin structure on the spatial sections, if we impose two conditions. The first one is that the symmetries of the classical system must be implemented quantum mechanically, so that the vacuum is invariant under themore » symmetry transformations. The second and more important condition is that the constructed theory must have a quantum dynamics that is implementable as a (non-trivial) unitary operator in Fock space. Actually, this unitarity of the quantum dynamics leads us to identify as explicitly time dependent some very specific contributions of the Dirac field. In doing that, we essentially characterize the part of the dynamics governed by the Dirac equation that is unitarily implementable. The uniqueness of the Fock vacuum is attained then once a physically motivated convention for the concepts of particles and antiparticles is fixed.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deffner, Sebastian; Zurek, Wojciech H.

Envariance—entanglement assisted invariance—is a recently discovered symmetry of composite quantum systems. Here, we show that thermodynamic equilibrium states are fully characterized by their envariance. In particular, the microcanonical equilibrium of a systemmore » $${ \\mathcal S }$$ with Hamiltonian $${H}_{{ \\mathcal S }}$$ is a fully energetically degenerate quantum state envariant under every unitary transformation. A representation of the canonical equilibrium then follows from simply counting degenerate energy states. Finally, our conceptually novel approach is free of mathematically ambiguous notions such as ensemble, randomness, etc., and, while it does not even rely on probability, it helps to understand its role in the quantum world.« less

Tensor and Spin Representations of SO(4) and Discrete Quantum Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lorente, M.; Kramer, P.

Starting from the defining transformations of complex matrices for the SO(4) group, we construct the fundamental representation and the tensor and spinor representations of the group SO(4). Given the commutation relations for the corresponding algebra, the unitary representations of the group in terms of the generalized Euler angles are constructed. These mathematical results help us to a more complete description of the Barret-Crane model in Quantum Gravity. In particular a complete realization of the weight function for the partition function is given and a new geometrical interpretation of the asymptotic limit for the Regge action is presented.

Scheme for implementing 1 → M symmetric economical phase-covariant telecloning based on quantum logic network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yan-Hui; Wang, Lei

2012-04-01

The quantum logic network to implement 1 → M symmetric economical phase-covariant telecloning is presented. The scheme includes two parts: the first part is used to create the telecloning channel and the second part to teleport the input state. The telecloning channel which works without ancilla is constructed by two kinds of elementary unitary transformations, single-qubit rotation and multiple-qubit controlled operation. The probability of success is 50%, which is the same with the scheme in [Meng, F.Y.; Zhu, A.D. J. Mod. Opt. 2009, 56, 1255-1259].

Gendered production and consumption in rural Africa

PubMed Central

Kevane, Michael

2012-01-01

Recent research underscores the continued importance of gender in rural Africa. Analysis of interactions within households is becoming more sophisticated and continues to reject the unitary model. There is some evidence of discriminatory treatment of girls relative to boys, although the magnitudes of differential investments in health and schooling are not large and choices seem quite responsive to changes in opportunity costs. Social norms proscribing and prescribing male and female economic behavior remain substantial, extending into many domains, especially land tenure. Gender constructions are constantly evolving, although there is little evidence of rapid, transformative change in rural areas.

Time evolution of the Lamb shift.

PubMed

Wang, Da-Wei; Li, Zheng-Hong; Wang, Li-Gang; Zhu, Shi-Yao; Zubairy, M Suhail

2010-09-01

The time evolution of the Lamb shift that accompanies the real photon emission is studied for the first time (to our knowledge). The investigation of the explicit time dependence of the Lamb shift becomes possible because the self-energy of the free electron, which is divergent, is subtracted from the Hamiltonian after a unitary transformation. The Lamb shift can then be separated into two parts: one is the time-independent shift due to the virtual photon exchange, and the other is the time-dependent shift due to the real photon emission. The time evolution depends on the nature of the coupling spectrum of the reservoir.

Spectral stability of unitary network models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asch, Joachim; Bourget, Olivier; Joye, Alain

2015-08-01

We review various unitary network models used in quantum computing, spectral analysis or condensed matter physics and establish relationships between them. We show that symmetric one-dimensional quantum walks are universal, as are CMV matrices. We prove spectral stability and propagation properties for general asymptotically uniform models by means of unitary Mourre theory.

Role of the N*(1535) in the J/{psi}{yields}p{eta}p and J/{psi}{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda} reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geng, L. S.; Oset, E.; Zou, B. S.

2009-02-15

We study the J/{psi}{yields}p{eta}p and J/{psi}{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda} reactions with a unitary chiral approach. We find that the unitary chiral approach, which generates the N*(1535) dynamically, can describe the data reasonably well, particularly the ratio of the integrated cross sections. This study provides further support for the unitary chiral description of the N*(1535). We also discuss some subtle differences between the coupling constants determined from the unitary chiral approach and those determined from phenomenological studies.

N-Player Quantum Games in an EPR Setting

PubMed Central

Chappell, James M.; Iqbal, Azhar; Abbott, Derek

2012-01-01

The -player quantum games are analyzed that use an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment, as the underlying physical setup. In this setup, a player’s strategies are not unitary transformations as in alternate quantum game-theoretic frameworks, but a classical choice between two directions along which spin or polarization measurements are made. The players’ strategies thus remain identical to their strategies in the mixed-strategy version of the classical game. In the EPR setting the quantum game reduces itself to the corresponding classical game when the shared quantum state reaches zero entanglement. We find the relations for the probability distribution for -qubit GHZ and W-type states, subject to general measurement directions, from which the expressions for the players’ payoffs and mixed Nash equilibrium are determined. Players’ payoff matrices are then defined using linear functions so that common two-player games can be easily extended to the -player case and permit analytic expressions for the Nash equilibrium. As a specific example, we solve the Prisoners’ Dilemma game for general . We find a new property for the game that for an even number of players the payoffs at the Nash equilibrium are equal, whereas for an odd number of players the cooperating players receive higher payoffs. By dispensing with the standard unitary transformations on state vectors in Hilbert space and using instead rotors and multivectors, based on Clifford’s geometric algebra (GA), it is shown how the N-player case becomes tractable. The new mathematical approach presented here has wide implications in the areas of quantum information and quantum complexity, as it opens up a powerful way to tractably analyze N-partite qubit interactions. PMID:22606258

Angular Momentum Content of the ρ Meson in Lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glozman, Leonid Ya.; Lang, C. B.; Limmer, Markus

2009-09-01

The variational method allows one to study the mixing of interpolators with different chiral transformation properties in the nonperturbatively determined physical state. It is then possible to define and calculate in a gauge-invariant manner the chiral as well as the partial wave content of the quark-antiquark component of a meson in the infrared, where mass is generated. Using a unitary transformation from the chiral basis to the LJ2S+1 basis one may extract a partial wave content of a meson. We present results for the ground state of the ρ meson using quenched simulations as well as simulations with nf=2 dynamical quarks, all for lattice spacings close to 0.15 fm. We point out that these results indicate a simple S13-wave composition of the ρ meson in the infrared, like in the SU(6) flavor-spin quark model.

Solitons and rogue waves in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Sitai; Prinari, Barbara; Biondini, Gino

2018-02-01

We present a general classification of one-soliton solutions as well as families of rogue-wave solutions for F =1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). These solutions are obtained from the inverse scattering transform for a focusing matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation which models condensates in the case of attractive mean-field interactions and ferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions. In particular, we show that when no background is present, all one-soliton solutions are reducible via unitary transformations to a combination of oppositely polarized solitonic solutions of single-component BECs. On the other hand, we show that when a nonzero background is present, not all matrix one-soliton solutions are reducible to a simple combination of scalar solutions. Finally, by taking suitable limits of all the solutions on a nonzero background we also obtain three families of rogue-wave (i.e., rational) solutions.

Solitons and rogue waves in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

PubMed

Li, Sitai; Prinari, Barbara; Biondini, Gino

2018-02-01

We present a general classification of one-soliton solutions as well as families of rogue-wave solutions for F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). These solutions are obtained from the inverse scattering transform for a focusing matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation which models condensates in the case of attractive mean-field interactions and ferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions. In particular, we show that when no background is present, all one-soliton solutions are reducible via unitary transformations to a combination of oppositely polarized solitonic solutions of single-component BECs. On the other hand, we show that when a nonzero background is present, not all matrix one-soliton solutions are reducible to a simple combination of scalar solutions. Finally, by taking suitable limits of all the solutions on a nonzero background we also obtain three families of rogue-wave (i.e., rational) solutions.

Angular momentum content of the rho meson in lattice QCD.

PubMed

Glozman, Leonid Ya; Lang, C B; Limmer, Markus

2009-09-18

The variational method allows one to study the mixing of interpolators with different chiral transformation properties in the nonperturbatively determined physical state. It is then possible to define and calculate in a gauge-invariant manner the chiral as well as the partial wave content of the quark-antiquark component of a meson in the infrared, where mass is generated. Using a unitary transformation from the chiral basis to the ;{2S+1}L_{J} basis one may extract a partial wave content of a meson. We present results for the ground state of the rho meson using quenched simulations as well as simulations with n_{f} = 2 dynamical quarks, all for lattice spacings close to 0.15 fm. We point out that these results indicate a simple ;{3}S_{1}-wave composition of the rho meson in the infrared, like in the SU(6) flavor-spin quark model.

Unitary or Non-Unitary Nature of Working Memory? Evidence from Its Relation to General Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dang, Cai-Ping; Braeken, Johan; Ferrer, Emilio; Liu, Chang

2012-01-01

This study explored the controversy surrounding working memory: whether it is a unitary system providing general purpose resources or a more differentiated system with domain-specific sub-components. A total of 348 participants completed a set of 6 working memory tasks that systematically varied in storage target contents and type of information…

Efficient Nonlocal M-Control and N-Target Controlled Unitary Gate Using Non-symmetric GHZ States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Li-Bing; Lu, Hong

2018-03-01

Efficient local implementation of a nonlocal M-control and N-target controlled unitary gate is considered. We first show that with the assistance of two non-symmetric qubit(1)-qutrit(N) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, a nonlocal 2-control and N-target controlled unitary gate can be constructed from 2 local two-qubit CNOT gates, 2 N local two-qutrit conditional SWAP gates, N local qutrit-qubit controlled unitary gates, and 2 N single-qutrit gates. At each target node, the two third levels of the two GHZ target qutrits are used to expose one and only one initial computational state to the local qutrit-qubit controlled unitary gate, instead of being used to hide certain states from the conditional dynamics. This scheme can be generalized straightforwardly to implement a higher-order nonlocal M-control and N-target controlled unitary gate by using M non-symmetric qubit(1)-qutrit(N) GHZ states as quantum channels. Neither the number of the additional levels of each GHZ target particle nor that of single-qutrit gates needs to increase with M. For certain realistic physical systems, the total gate time may be reduced compared with that required in previous schemes.

Probing non-unitary CP violation effects in neutrino oscillation experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Surender; Bhardwaj, Shankita

2018-05-01

In the present work, we have considered minimal unitarity violation scheme to obtain the general expression for ν _{μ }→ ν _{τ } oscillation probability in vacuum and matter. For this channel, we have investigated the sensitivities of short baseline experiments to non-unitary parameters |ρ _{μ τ }| and ω _{μ τ } for normal as well as inverted hierarchical neutrino masses and θ _{23} being above or below maximality. We find that for normal hierarchy, the 3σ sensitivity of |ρ _{μ τ }| is maximum for non-unitary phase ω _{μ τ }=0 whereas it is minimum for ω _{μ τ }=± π . For inverted hierarchy, the sensitivity is minimum at ω _{μ τ }=0 and maximum for ω _{μ τ }=± π . We observe that the sensitivity to measure non-unitarity remains unaffected for unitary CP phase δ =0 or δ =π /2 . We have, also, explored wide spectrum of L/E ratio to investigate the possibilities to observe CP-violation due to unitary (δ ) and non-unitary (ω _{μ τ } ) phases. We find that the both phases can be disentangled, in principle, from each other for L/E<200 km/GeV.

Nonlinear Bogolyubov-Valatin transformations: Two modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scharnhorst, K.; van Holten, J.-W.

2011-11-01

Extending our earlier study of nonlinear Bogolyubov-Valatin transformations (canonical transformations for fermions) for one fermionic mode, in the present paper, we perform a thorough study of general (nonlinear) canonical transformations for two fermionic modes. We find that the Bogolyubov-Valatin group for n=2 fermionic modes, which can be implemented by means of unitary SU(2n=4) transformations, is isomorphic to SO(6;R)/Z2. The investigation touches on a number of subjects. As a novelty from a mathematical point of view, we study the structure of nonlinear basis transformations in a Clifford algebra [specifically, in the Clifford algebra C(0,4)] entailing (supersymmetric) transformations among multivectors of different grades. A prominent algebraic role in this context is being played by biparavectors (linear combinations of products of Dirac matrices, quadriquaternions, sedenions) and spin bivectors (antisymmetric complex matrices). The studied biparavectors are equivalent to Eddington's E-numbers and can be understood in terms of the tensor product of two commuting copies of the division algebra of quaternions H. From a physical point of view, we present a method to diagonalize any arbitrary two-fermion Hamiltonians. Relying on Jordan-Wigner transformations for two-spin- {1}/{2} and single-spin- {3}/{2} systems, we also study nonlinear spin transformations and the related problem of diagonalizing arbitrary two-spin- {1}/{2} and single-spin- {3}/{2} Hamiltonians. Finally, from a calculational point of view, we pay due attention to explicit parametrizations of SU(4) and SO(6;R) matrices (of respective sizes 4×4 and 6×6) and their mutual relation.

10 CFR Appendix J1 to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... characteristics of the clothes load placed in the clothes container, without allowing or requiring consumer... weight of the clothes load placed in the clothes container, without allowing or requiring consumer....4Clothes container means the compartment within the clothes washer that holds the clothes during the...

SU(p,q) coherent states and a Gaussian de Finetti theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leverrier, Anthony

2018-04-01

We prove a generalization of the quantum de Finetti theorem when the local space is an infinite-dimensional Fock space. In particular, instead of considering the action of the permutation group on n copies of that space, we consider the action of the unitary group U(n) on the creation operators of the n modes and define a natural generalization of the symmetric subspace as the space of states invariant under unitaries in U(n). Our first result is a complete characterization of this subspace, which turns out to be spanned by a family of generalized coherent states related to the special unitary group SU(p, q) of signature (p, q). More precisely, this construction yields a unitary representation of the noncompact simple real Lie group SU(p, q). We therefore find a dual unitary representation of the pair of groups U(n) and SU(p, q) on an n(p + q)-mode Fock space. The (Gaussian) SU(p, q) coherent states resolve the identity on the symmetric subspace, which implies a Gaussian de Finetti theorem stating that tracing over a few modes of a unitary-invariant state yields a state close to a mixture of Gaussian states. As an application of this de Finetti theorem, we show that the n × n upper-left submatrix of an n × n Haar-invariant unitary matrix is close in total variation distance to a matrix of independent normal variables if n3 = O(m).

Implementation of bipartite or remote unitary gates with repeater nodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Li; Nemoto, Kae

2016-08-01

We propose some protocols to implement various classes of bipartite unitary operations on two remote parties with the help of repeater nodes in-between. We also present a protocol to implement a single-qubit unitary with parameters determined by a remote party with the help of up to three repeater nodes. It is assumed that the neighboring nodes are connected by noisy photonic channels, and the local gates can be performed quite accurately, while the decoherence of memories is significant. A unitary is often a part of a larger computation or communication task in a quantum network, and to reduce the amount of decoherence in other systems of the network, we focus on the goal of saving the total time for implementing a unitary including the time for entanglement preparation. We review some previously studied protocols that implement bipartite unitaries using local operations and classical communication and prior shared entanglement, and apply them to the situation with repeater nodes without prior entanglement. We find that the protocols using piecewise entanglement between neighboring nodes often require less total time compared to preparing entanglement between the two end nodes first and then performing the previously known protocols. For a generic bipartite unitary, as the number of repeater nodes increases, the total time could approach the time cost for direct signal transfer from one end node to the other. We also prove some lower bounds of the total time when there are a small number of repeater nodes. The application to position-based cryptography is discussed.

Distilling entanglement with noisy operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Jinho; Bae, Joonwoo; Kwon, Younghun

Entanglement distillation is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. It not only extracts entanglement out of corrupted systems but also leads to protecting systems of interest against intervention with environment. In this work, we consider a realistic scenario of entanglement distillation where noisy quantum operations are applied. In particular, the two-way distillation protocol that tolerates the highest error rate is considered. We show that among all types of noise there are only four equivalence classes according to the distillability condition. Since the four classes are connected by local unitary transformations, our results can be used to improve entanglement distillability in practice when entanglement distillation is performed in a realistic setting.

Foundations of statistical mechanics from symmetries of entanglement

DOE PAGES

Deffner, Sebastian; Zurek, Wojciech H.

2016-06-09

Envariance—entanglement assisted invariance—is a recently discovered symmetry of composite quantum systems. Here, we show that thermodynamic equilibrium states are fully characterized by their envariance. In particular, the microcanonical equilibrium of a systemmore » $${ \\mathcal S }$$ with Hamiltonian $${H}_{{ \\mathcal S }}$$ is a fully energetically degenerate quantum state envariant under every unitary transformation. A representation of the canonical equilibrium then follows from simply counting degenerate energy states. Finally, our conceptually novel approach is free of mathematically ambiguous notions such as ensemble, randomness, etc., and, while it does not even rely on probability, it helps to understand its role in the quantum world.« less

Invariant measures on multimode quantum Gaussian states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupo, C.; Mancini, S.; De Pasquale, A.; Facchi, P.; Florio, G.; Pascazio, S.

2012-12-01

We derive the invariant measure on the manifold of multimode quantum Gaussian states, induced by the Haar measure on the group of Gaussian unitary transformations. To this end, by introducing a bipartition of the system in two disjoint subsystems, we use a parameterization highlighting the role of nonlocal degrees of freedom—the symplectic eigenvalues—which characterize quantum entanglement across the given bipartition. A finite measure is then obtained by imposing a physically motivated energy constraint. By averaging over the local degrees of freedom we finally derive the invariant distribution of the symplectic eigenvalues in some cases of particular interest for applications in quantum optics and quantum information.

Coherent population transfer in multi-level Allen-Eberly models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Wei; Cen, Li-Xiang

2018-04-01

We investigate the solvability of multi-level extensions of the Allen-Eberly model and the population transfer yielded by the corresponding dynamical evolution. We demonstrate that, under a matching condition of the frequency, the driven two-level system and its multi-level extensions possess a stationary-state solution in a canonical representation associated with a unitary transformation. As a consequence, we show that the resulting protocol is able to realize complete population transfer in a nonadiabatic manner. Moreover, we explore the imperfect pulsing process with truncation and display that the nonadiabatic effect in the evolution can lead to suppression to the cutoff error of the protocol.

Anisotropic Invariance and the Distribution of Quantum Correlations.

PubMed

Cheng, Shuming; Hall, Michael J W

2017-01-06

We report the discovery of two new invariants for three-qubit states which, similarly to the three-tangle, are invariant under local unitary transformations and permutations of the parties. These quantities have a direct interpretation in terms of the anisotropy of pairwise spin correlations. Applications include a universal ordering of pairwise quantum correlation measures for pure three-qubit states; trade-off relations for anisotropy, three-tangle and Bell nonlocality; strong monogamy relations for Bell inequalities, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequalities, geometric discord and fidelity of remote state preparation (including results for arbitrary three-party states); and a statistical and reference-frame-independent form of quantum secret sharing.

Anisotropic Invariance and the Distribution of Quantum Correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Shuming; Hall, Michael J. W.

2017-01-01

We report the discovery of two new invariants for three-qubit states which, similarly to the three-tangle, are invariant under local unitary transformations and permutations of the parties. These quantities have a direct interpretation in terms of the anisotropy of pairwise spin correlations. Applications include a universal ordering of pairwise quantum correlation measures for pure three-qubit states; trade-off relations for anisotropy, three-tangle and Bell nonlocality; strong monogamy relations for Bell inequalities, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequalities, geometric discord and fidelity of remote state preparation (including results for arbitrary three-party states); and a statistical and reference-frame-independent form of quantum secret sharing.

10 CFR 431.152 - Definitions concerning commercial clothes washers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions concerning commercial clothes washers. 431.152... clothes washers. Commercial clothes washer means a soft-mounted front-loading or soft-mounted top-loading clothes washer that— (1) Has a clothes container compartment that— (i) For horizontal-axis clothes washers...

Quantum mechanics on periodic and non-periodic lattices and almost unitary Schwinger operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arik, Metin; Ildes, Medine

2018-05-01

In this work, we uncover the mathematical structure of the Schwinger algebra and introduce almost unitary Schwinger operators which are derived by considering translation operators on a finite lattice. We calculate mathematical relations between these algebras and show that the almost unitary Schwinger operators are equivalent to the Schwinger algebra. We introduce new representations for MN(C) in terms of these algebras.

Spectral Characteristics of the Unitary Critical Almost-Mathieu Operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fillman, Jake; Ong, Darren C.; Zhang, Zhenghe

2017-04-01

We discuss spectral characteristics of a one-dimensional quantum walk whose coins are distributed quasi-periodically. The unitary update rule of this quantum walk shares many spectral characteristics with the critical Almost-Mathieu Operator; however, it possesses a feature not present in the Almost-Mathieu Operator, namely singularity of the associated cocycles (this feature is, however, present in the so-called Extended Harper's Model). We show that this operator has empty absolutely continuous spectrum and that the Lyapunov exponent vanishes on the spectrum; hence, this model exhibits Cantor spectrum of zero Lebesgue measure for all irrational frequencies and arbitrary phase, which in physics is known as Hofstadter's butterfly. In fact, we will show something stronger, namely, that all spectral parameters in the spectrum are of critical type, in the language of Avila's global theory of analytic quasiperiodic cocycles. We further prove that it has empty point spectrum for each irrational frequency and away from a frequency-dependent set of phases having Lebesgue measure zero. The key ingredients in our proofs are an adaptation of Avila's Global Theory to the present setting, self-duality via the Fourier transform, and a Johnson-type theorem for singular dynamically defined CMV matrices which characterizes their spectra as the set of spectral parameters at which the associated cocycles fail to admit a dominated splitting.

Analysis of Dynamic Data from Supersonic Retropropulsion Experiments in NASA Langley's Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Codoni, Joshua R.; Berry, Scott A.

2012-01-01

Recent experimental supersonic retropropulsion tests were conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel Test Section 2 for a range of Mach numbers from 2.4 to 4.6. A 5-inch 70-degree sphere-cone forebody model with a 10-inch cylindrical aftbody experimental model was used which is capable of multiple retrorocket configurations. These configurations include a single central nozzle on the center point of the forebody, three nozzles at the forebody half-radius, and a combination of the first two configurations with no jets being plugged. A series of measurements were achieved through various instrumentation including forebody and aftbody pressure, internal pressures and temperatures, and high speed Schlieren visualization. Specifically, several high speed pressure transducers on the forebody and in the plenum were implemented to look at unsteady flow effects. The following work focuses on analyzing frequency traits due to the unsteady flow for a range of thrust coefficients for single, tri, and quad-nozzle test cases at freestream Mach 4.6 and angle of attack ranging from -8 degrees to +20 degrees. This analysis uses Matlab s fast Fourier transform, Welch's method (modified average of a periodogram), to create a power spectral density and analyze any high speed pressure transducer frequency traits due to the unsteady flow.

The multi-reference retaining the excitation degree perturbation theory: A size-consistent, unitary invariant, and rapidly convergent wavefunction based ab initio approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fink, Reinhold F.

2009-02-01

The retaining the excitation degree (RE) partitioning [R.F. Fink, Chem. Phys. Lett. 428 (2006) 461(20 September)] is reformulated and applied to multi-reference cases with complete active space (CAS) reference wave functions. The generalised van Vleck perturbation theory is employed to set up the perturbation equations. It is demonstrated that this leads to a consistent and well defined theory which fulfils all important criteria of a generally applicable ab initio method: The theory is proven numerically and analytically to be size-consistent and invariant with respect to unitary orbital transformations within the inactive, active and virtual orbital spaces. In contrast to most previously proposed multi-reference perturbation theories the necessary condition for a proper perturbation theory to fulfil the zeroth order perturbation equation is exactly satisfied with the RE partitioning itself without additional projectors on configurational spaces. The theory is applied to several excited states of the benchmark systems CH2 , SiH2 , and NH2 , as well as to the lowest states of the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. In all cases comparisons are made with full configuration interaction results. The multi-reference (MR)-RE method is shown to provide very rapidly converging perturbation series. Energy differences between states of similar configurations converge even faster.

Scale invariance, conformality, and generalized free fields

DOE PAGES

Dymarsky, Anatoly; Farnsworth, Kara; Komargodski, Zohar; ...

2016-02-16

This paper addresses the question of whether there are 4D Lorentz invariant unitary quantum fi eld theories with scale invariance but not conformal invariance. We present an important loophole in the arguments of Luty-Polchinski-Rattazzi and Dymarsky-Komargodski-Schwimmer-Theisen that is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T could be a generalized free field. In this paper we rule out this possibility. The key ingredient is the observation that a unitary theory with scale but not conformal invariance necessarily has a non-vanishing anomaly for global scale transformations. We show that this anomaly cannot be reproduced if T is a generalized free field unlessmore » the theory also contains a dimension-2 scalar operator. In the special case where such an operator is present it can be used to redefine ("improve") the energy-momentum tensor, and we show that there is at least one energy-momentum tensor that is not a generalized free field. In addition, we emphasize that, in general, large momentum limits of correlation functions cannot be understood from the leading terms of the coordinate space OPE. This invalidates a recent argument by Farnsworth-Luty-Prilepina (FLP). Finally, despite the invalidity of the general argument of FLP, some of the techniques turn out to be useful in the present context.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dymarsky, Anatoly; Farnsworth, Kara; Komargodski, Zohar

This paper addresses the question of whether there are 4D Lorentz invariant unitary quantum fi eld theories with scale invariance but not conformal invariance. We present an important loophole in the arguments of Luty-Polchinski-Rattazzi and Dymarsky-Komargodski-Schwimmer-Theisen that is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T could be a generalized free field. In this paper we rule out this possibility. The key ingredient is the observation that a unitary theory with scale but not conformal invariance necessarily has a non-vanishing anomaly for global scale transformations. We show that this anomaly cannot be reproduced if T is a generalized free field unlessmore » the theory also contains a dimension-2 scalar operator. In the special case where such an operator is present it can be used to redefine ("improve") the energy-momentum tensor, and we show that there is at least one energy-momentum tensor that is not a generalized free field. In addition, we emphasize that, in general, large momentum limits of correlation functions cannot be understood from the leading terms of the coordinate space OPE. This invalidates a recent argument by Farnsworth-Luty-Prilepina (FLP). Finally, despite the invalidity of the general argument of FLP, some of the techniques turn out to be useful in the present context.« less

Shopping for clothes: Body satisfaction, appearance investment, and functions of clothing among female shoppers.

PubMed

Tiggemann, Marika; Lacey, Catherine

2009-09-01

The present study aimed to investigate the link between clothing and body experience in women of different ages. Participants were 162 female clothes shoppers between the ages of 18 and 55 who completed questionnaire measures of body image, functions of clothing, self-esteem, and enjoyment of clothes shopping. It was found that clothing was worn primarily for assurance and fashion by women of all ages. On the other hand, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related to the use of clothing for camouflage purposes and to a more negative clothes shopping experience. Both components of appearance investment were related to choice of clothes for fashion and assurance. However, the self-evaluative salience component was negatively related, while the motivational salience was positively related, to enjoyment of clothes shopping. It was concluded that although clothing is an under-researched aspect of body image, it represents an important part of women's appearance management, whatever their age.

Natural resource theory of unitary taxation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnston, J.L.; Reynolds, A.

1985-01-01

Empirical evidence supports the tentative hypothesis that unitary taxation encourages natural resource recovery in states well endowed with timber, fuels, and nonfuel minerals. Consequently, if combined apportionment is a stable institution in any state, it will remain so while extractive industries, with higher upstream than downstream profitability, continue to dominate the state's economy. Over time, however, nonproducing states will abandon unitary taxation to prevent integrated firms from disinvesting within their borders and expanding operations in states with a hospitable investment climate. Since states, like firms, must compete with one another, unitary taxation will become less important as state economies becomemore » less dependent on the recovery of natural resources. 43 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.« less

Feature extraction using gray-level co-occurrence matrix of wavelet coefficients and texture matching for batik motif recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suciati, Nanik; Herumurti, Darlis; Wijaya, Arya Yudhi

2017-02-01

Batik is one of Indonesian's traditional cloth. Motif or pattern drawn on a piece of batik fabric has a specific name and philosopy. Although batik cloths are widely used in everyday life, but only few people understand its motif and philosophy. This research is intended to develop a batik motif recognition system which can be used to identify motif of Batik image automatically. First, a batik image is decomposed into sub-images using wavelet transform. Six texture descriptors, i.e. max probability, correlation, contrast, uniformity, homogenity and entropy, are extracted from gray-level co-occurrence matrix of each sub-image. The texture features are then matched to the template features using canberra distance. The experiment is performed on Batik Dataset consisting of 1088 batik images grouped into seven motifs. The best recognition rate, that is 92,1%, is achieved using feature extraction process with 5 level wavelet decomposition and 4 directional gray-level co-occurrence matrix.

Actinic Cheilitis: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Wood, Neil Hamilton; Khammissa, Razia; Meyerov, Robin; Lemmer, Johan; Feller, Liviu

2011-01-01

In actinic cheilitis, the current view is that the keratinocytes have undergone transformation forming a field of epithelium with the potential for neoplastic transformation. Clinical features include diffuse and poorly demarcated atrophic, erosive or keratotic plaques that may affect some parts of, or the entire vermilion border. Fair-complexioned people, those with albinism and people with eversion of the lip are all subject to actinic cheilitis. Prophylactic measures against all forms of sunlight-induced lesions must include limitation of exposure to the sun during peak sunlight hours, the use of appropriate protective clothing, and the use of a sunscreen cream. In this article, a case of albinism is used to illustrate the nature of actinic cheilitis, its clinical features and its treatment. PMID:21228959

Unitary reconstruction of secret for stabilizer-based quantum secret sharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, Ryutaroh

2017-08-01

We propose a unitary procedure to reconstruct quantum secret for a quantum secret sharing scheme constructed from stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes. Erasure correcting procedures for stabilizer codes need to add missing shares for reconstruction of quantum secret, while unitary reconstruction procedures for certain class of quantum secret sharing are known to work without adding missing shares. The proposed procedure also works without adding missing shares.

Minimal unitary representation of SO∗(8)=SO(6,2) and its SU(2) deformations as massless 6D conformal fields and their supersymmetric extensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernando, Sudarshan; Günaydin, Murat

2010-12-01

We study the minimal unitary representation (minrep) of SO(6,2) over an Hilbert space of functions of five variables, obtained by quantizing its quasiconformal realization. The minrep of SO(6,2), which coincides with the minrep of SO(8) similarly constructed, corresponds to a massless conformal scalar field in six spacetime dimensions. There exists a family of "deformations" of the minrep of SO(8) labeled by the spin t of an SU(2 subgroup of the little group SO(4) of lightlike vectors. These deformations labeled by t are positive energy unitary irreducible representations of SO(8) that describe massless conformal fields in six dimensions. The SU(2 spin t is the six-dimensional counterpart of U(1) deformations of the minrep of 4D conformal group SU(2,2) labeled by helicity. We also construct the supersymmetric extensions of the minimal unitary representation of SO(8) to minimal unitary representations of OSp(8|2N) that describe massless six-dimensional conformal supermultiplets. The minimal unitary supermultiplet of OSp(8|4) is the massless supermultiplet of (2,0) conformal field theory that is believed to be dual to M-theory on AdS×S.

Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Unitary pseudogenes are a class of unprocessed pseudogenes without functioning counterparts in the genome. They constitute only a small fraction of annotated pseudogenes in the human genome. However, as they represent distinct functional losses over time, they shed light on the unique features of humans in primate evolution. Results We have developed a pipeline to detect human unitary pseudogenes through analyzing the global inventory of orthologs between the human genome and its mammalian relatives. We focus on gene losses along the human lineage after the divergence from rodents about 75 million years ago. In total, we identify 76 unitary pseudogenes, including previously annotated ones, and many novel ones. By comparing each of these to its functioning ortholog in other mammals, we can approximately date the creation of each unitary pseudogene (that is, the gene 'death date') and show that for our group of 76, the functional genes appear to be disabled at a fairly uniform rate throughout primate evolution - not all at once, correlated, for instance, with the 'Alu burst'. Furthermore, we identify 11 unitary pseudogenes that are polymorphic - that is, they have both nonfunctional and functional alleles currently segregating in the human population. Comparing them with their orthologs in other primates, we find that two of them are in fact pseudogenes in non-human primates, suggesting that they represent cases of a gene being resurrected in the human lineage. Conclusions This analysis of unitary pseudogenes provides insights into the evolutionary constraints faced by different organisms and the timescales of functional gene loss in humans. PMID:20210993

Porous Shape Memory Polymers

PubMed Central

Hearon, Keith; Singhal, Pooja; Horn, John; Small, Ward; Olsovsky, Cory; Maitland, Kristen C.; Wilson, Thomas S.; Maitland, Duncan J.

2013-01-01

Porous shape memory polymers (SMPs) include foams, scaffolds, meshes, and other polymeric substrates that possess porous three-dimensional macrostructures. Porous SMPs exhibit active structural and volumetric transformations and have driven investigations in fields ranging from biomedical engineering to aerospace engineering to the clothing industry. The present review article examines recent developments in porous SMPs, with focus given to structural and chemical classification, methods of characterization, and applications. We conclude that the current body of literature presents porous SMPs as highly interesting smart materials with potential for industrial use. PMID:23646038

Persistent dispositionalism in interactionist clothing: fundamental attribution error in explaining prison abuse.

PubMed

Haney, Craig; Zimbardo, Philip G

2009-06-01

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated some important lessons about the power of social situations, settings, and structures to shape and transform behavior. At the time the study was done, the authors scrupulously addressed the issue of whether and how the dispositions or personality traits of the participants might have affected the results. Here the authors renew and reaffirm their original interpretation of the results and apply this perspective to some recent socially and politically significant events.

Alternative working fluids for unitary equipment: A research perspective

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baxter, V.D.

This paper deals with present and planned ORNL activities to characterize alternatives to R-22 for unitary heat pump and air-conditioning applications. Results of small-scale bread-board tests of potential alternatives R-32, R-134a, R-152a and R-143a are discussed. Portions of the AFEAS/DOE global warming impact study dealing with the unitary application are summarized. Methods for leak detection with the new refrigerants are discussed.

Unidirectional Quantum Remote Control: Teleportation of Control-State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Yi-Zhuang; Gu, Yong-Jian; Wu, Gui-Chu; Guo, Guang-Can

2003-08-01

We investigate the problem of teleportation of unitary operations by unidirectional control-state teleportation and propose a scheme called unidirectional quantum remote control. The scheme is based on the isomorphism between operation and state. It allows us to store a unitary operation in a control state, thereby teleportation of the unitary operation can be implemented by unidirectional teleportation of the control-state. We find that the probability of success for implementing an arbitrary unitary operation on arbitrary M-qubit state by unidirectional control-state teleportation is 4-M, and 2M ebits and 4M cbits are consumed in each teleportation. The project supported by the National Fundamental Research Programme (2001CB309300) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 102068

The Structure and Properties of Parachute Cloths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcnicholas, H J; Hedrick, F

1930-01-01

The requisite properties of a parachute cloth are discussed and the methods for measuring these properties described. In addition to the structural analysis of the cloths, the properties measured were weight, breaking strength, tear resistance, elasticity, and air permeability. Thirty-six silk cloths of domestic manufacture, not previously used in parachute construction are compared with some silk cloths of foreign manufacture. These foreign cloths were ones proven by trial and extended use to be suitable materials for parachute construction. Contrary to the belief that domestic woven cloths were not suitable materials for parachute construction, it is shown that many domestic silk cloths are satisfactory and in some respects superior to the foreign products. Based on a comparative study of all the cloths, specifications are drawn for the manufacture of silk parachute cloth.

Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. II. Bipartite systems, physical processes, and heterodyne squeezed states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dell'Anno, Fabio; De Siena, Silvio; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2004-03-01

Extending the scheme developed for a single mode of the electromagnetic field in the preceding paper [F. Dell'Anno, S. De Siena, and F. Illuminati, Phys. Rev. A 69, 033812 (2004)], we introduce two-mode nonlinear canonical transformations depending on two heterodyne mixing angles. They are defined in terms of Hermitian nonlinear functions that realize heterodyne superpositions of conjugate quadratures of bipartite systems. The canonical transformations diagonalize a class of Hamiltonians describing nondegenerate and degenerate multiphoton processes. We determine the coherent states associated with the canonical transformations, which generalize the nondegenerate two-photon squeezed states. Such heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states are defined asmore » the simultaneous eigenstates of the transformed, coupled annihilation operators. They are generated by nonlinear unitary evolutions acting on two-mode squeezed states. They are non-Gaussian, highly nonclassical, entangled states. For a quadratic nonlinearity the heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states define two-mode cubic phase states. The statistical properties of these states can be widely adjusted by tuning the heterodyne mixing angles, the phases of the nonlinear couplings, as well as the strength of the nonlinearity. For quadratic nonlinearity, we study the higher-order contributions to the susceptibility in nonlinear media and we suggest possible experimental realizations of multiphoton conversion processes generating the cubic-phase heterodyne squeezed states.« less

Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. II. Bipartite systems, physical processes, and heterodyne squeezed states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dell'Anno, Fabio; de Siena, Silvio; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2004-03-01

Extending the scheme developed for a single mode of the electromagnetic field in the preceding paper [

Deformed twistors and higher spin conformal (super-)algebras in four dimensions

DOE PAGES

Govil, Karan; Gunaydin, Murat

2015-03-05

Massless conformal scalar field in d = 4 corresponds to the minimal unitary representation (minrep) of the conformal group SU(2, 2) which admits a one-parameter family of deformations that describe massless fields of arbitrary helicity. The minrep and its deformations were obtained by quantization of the nonlinear realization of SU(2, 2) as a quasiconformal group in arXiv:0908.3624. We show that the generators of SU(2,2) for these unitary irreducible representations can be written as bilinears of deformed twistorial oscillators which transform nonlinearly under the Lorentz group and apply them to define and study higher spin algebras and superalgebras in AdS 5.more » The higher spin (HS) algebra of Fradkin-Vasiliev type in AdS 5 is simply the enveloping algebra of SU(2, 2) quotiented by a two-sided ideal (Joseph ideal) which annihilates the minrep. We show that the Joseph ideal vanishes identically for the quasiconformal realization of the minrep and its enveloping algebra leads directly to the HS algebra in AdS 5. Furthermore, the enveloping algebras of the deformations of the minrep define a one parameter family of HS algebras in AdS 5 for which certain 4d covariant deformations of the Joseph ideal vanish identically. These results extend to superconformal algebras SU(2, 2|N) and we find a one parameter family of HS superalgebras as enveloping algebras of the minimal unitary supermultiplet and its deformations. Our results suggest the existence of a family of (supersymmetric) HS theories in AdS 5 which are dual to free (super)conformal field theories (CFTs) or to interacting but integrable (supersymmetric) CFTs in 4d. We also discuss the corresponding picture in HS algebras in AdS 4 where the corresponding 3d conformal group Sp(4,R) admits only two massless representations (minreps), namely the scalar and spinor singletons.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Govil, Karan; Gunaydin, Murat

Massless conformal scalar field in d = 4 corresponds to the minimal unitary representation (minrep) of the conformal group SU(2, 2) which admits a one-parameter family of deformations that describe massless fields of arbitrary helicity. The minrep and its deformations were obtained by quantization of the nonlinear realization of SU(2, 2) as a quasiconformal group in arXiv:0908.3624. We show that the generators of SU(2,2) for these unitary irreducible representations can be written as bilinears of deformed twistorial oscillators which transform nonlinearly under the Lorentz group and apply them to define and study higher spin algebras and superalgebras in AdS 5.more » The higher spin (HS) algebra of Fradkin-Vasiliev type in AdS 5 is simply the enveloping algebra of SU(2, 2) quotiented by a two-sided ideal (Joseph ideal) which annihilates the minrep. We show that the Joseph ideal vanishes identically for the quasiconformal realization of the minrep and its enveloping algebra leads directly to the HS algebra in AdS 5. Furthermore, the enveloping algebras of the deformations of the minrep define a one parameter family of HS algebras in AdS 5 for which certain 4d covariant deformations of the Joseph ideal vanish identically. These results extend to superconformal algebras SU(2, 2|N) and we find a one parameter family of HS superalgebras as enveloping algebras of the minimal unitary supermultiplet and its deformations. Our results suggest the existence of a family of (supersymmetric) HS theories in AdS 5 which are dual to free (super)conformal field theories (CFTs) or to interacting but integrable (supersymmetric) CFTs in 4d. We also discuss the corresponding picture in HS algebras in AdS 4 where the corresponding 3d conformal group Sp(4,R) admits only two massless representations (minreps), namely the scalar and spinor singletons.« less

Non-unitary probabilistic quantum computing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gingrich, Robert M.; Williams, Colin P.

2004-01-01

We present a method for designing quantum circuits that perform non-unitary quantum computations on n-qubit states probabilistically, and give analytic expressions for the success probability and fidelity.

Caring science and the science of unitary human beings: a trans-theoretical discourse for nursing knowledge development.

PubMed

Watson, Jean; Smith, Marlaine C

2002-03-01

Two dominant discourses in contemporary nursing theory and knowledge development have evolved over the past few decades, in part by unitary science views and caring theories. Rogers' science of unitary human beings (SUHB) represents the unitary directions in nursing. Caring theories and related caring science (CS) scholarship represent the other. These two contemporary initiatives have generated two parallel, often controversial, seemingly separate and unrelated, trees of knowledge for nursing science. This paper explores the evolution of CS and its intersection with SUHB that have emerged in contemporary nursing literature. We present a case for integration, convergence, and creative synthesis of CS with SUHB. A trans-theoretical, trans-disciplinary context emerges, allowing nursing to sustain its caring ethic and ontology, within a unitary science. The authors critique and review the seminal, critical issues that have separated contemporary knowledge developments in CS and SUHB. Foundational issues of CS, and Watson's theory of transpersonal caring science (TCS), as a specific exemplar, are analysed, alongside parallel themes in SUHB. By examining hidden ethical-ontological and paradigmatic commonalities, trans-theoretical themes and connections are explored and revealed between TCS and SUHB. Through a creative synthesis of TCS and SUHB we explicate a distinct unitary view of human with a relational caring ontology and ethic that informs nursing as well as other sciences. The result: is a trans-theoretical, trans-disciplinary view for nursing knowledge development. Nursing's history has been to examine theoretical differences rather than commonalities. This trans-theoretical position moves nursing toward theoretical integration and creative synthesis, vs. separation, away from the 'Balkanization' of different theories. This initiative still maintains the integrity of different theories, while facilitating and inviting a new discourse for nursing science. The result: Unitary Caring Science that evokes both science and spirit.

[Clothing and heat disorder].

PubMed

Satsumoto, Yayoi

2012-06-01

The influence of the clothing material properties(like water absorbency and rapid dryness, water vapor absorption, water vapor permeability and air permeability) and the design factor of the clothing(like opening condition and fitting of clothing), which contributed to prevent heat disorder, was outlined. WBGT(wet-bulb globe temperature) is used to show a guideline for environmental limitation of activities to prevent heat disorder. As the safety function is more important than thermal comfort for some sportswear and protective clothing with high cover area, clothing itself increases the risk of heat disorder. WBGT is corrected by CAF (clothing adjustment factor) in wearing such kind of protective clothing.

An Investigation of Conformal Field Theory: Understanding the Conformal and Weyl Symmetries and Constraining Theories with Energy Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prilepina, Valentina V.

This thesis represents an investigation of topics in conformal field theory (CFT). Here we discuss three new contributions to this area. The first one relates to the famous problem of scale versus conformal invariance in d = 4. We give an argument that rules out a serious loophole present in relevant arguments for the conjecture that scale implies conformal invariance in 4D local unitary quantum field theories, namely that the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T could potentially be a generalized free field. Our argument hinges on the observation that any 4D unitary theory endowed with scale but not conformal invariance necessarily has a non-vanishing anomaly for global scale transformations. We show that this anomaly cannot be reproduced if T is a generalized free field unless a dimension-2 scalar operator is present in the theory. In the case that the theory does contain such an operator, we demonstrate that it can be exploited to redefine or "improve" Tmunu such that there is always at least one possible improvement of T which is not a generalized free field. This argument thus essentially excludes this option in a 4D unitary scale but not conformally invariant theory. Our next contribution relates to using energy positivity conditions to place constraints on conformal field theories. We propose a new special kind of weak energy condition with spacetime averaging over a finite region of length scale L to suppress quantum fluctuations. Our Spacetime Averaged Weak Energy Condition (SAWEC) is a novel completely local inequality closely related to the positivity of total energy. It is a proposed bound on the energy density of the form T00 ≥ -C/L4, where L is the size of the smearing region, and C is a positive theory-dependent constant. We motivate this condition as a fundamental consistency requirement for any 4D quantum field theory. We argue that violation of this statement would have serious undesirable consequences for a theory. In particular, the theory would contain states indistinguishable from states of negative total energy by any local measurement, which would lead to unphysical instabilities. We apply the condition to 4D and 3D CFTs and derive bounds on the OPE coefficients of these theories. Interestingly, these conditions imply the positivity of the 2-point function of the energy-momentum tensor. Our 4D bounds are weaker than the "conformal collider" constraints of Hofman and Maldacena, which were rigorously established fairly recently. All calculations were carried out in momentum space using Wightman correlation functions. These methods may also be interesting on their own. The third contribution relates to the problem of the enhancement of conformal invariance in flat spacetime to Weyl invariance in curved spacetime. We restrict attention to all unitary quantum field theories and put forward a compelling argument for the statement that for all spacetime dimensions d ≤ 10, conformal invariance in flat spacetime implies Weyl invariance in a general curved background metric. In addition, we examine possible curvature corrections to the Weyl transformation laws of operators and show that these corrections are in fact absent for sufficiently low operator dimension and spin. In particular, we demonstrate this for an important class of operators, namely relevant scalar operators in d ≤ 6, and find that the Weyl transformations of these operators are the standard ones. Moreover, we find a class of consistent 'anomalous' curvature corrections proportional to the Weyl (Cotton) tensor in d > 3 (d = 3) spacetime dimensions. The arguments rely on algebraic consistency conditions reminiscent of the famous Wess-Zumino consistency conditions employed for the classification of Weyl anomalies. We anticipate that they can be extended to higher spacetime dimensions and for more general operators at the price of higher algebraic complexity.

Multiqubit Clifford groups are unitary 3-designs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Huangjun

2017-12-01

Unitary t -designs are a ubiquitous tool in many research areas, including randomized benchmarking, quantum process tomography, and scrambling. Despite the intensive efforts of many researchers, little is known about unitary t -designs with t ≥3 in the literature. We show that the multiqubit Clifford group in any even prime-power dimension is not only a unitary 2-design, but also a 3-design. Moreover, it is a minimal 3-design except for dimension 4. As an immediate consequence, any orbit of pure states of the multiqubit Clifford group forms a complex projective 3-design; in particular, the set of stabilizer states forms a 3-design. In addition, our study is helpful in studying higher moments of the Clifford group, which are useful in many research areas ranging from quantum information science to signal processing. Furthermore, we reveal a surprising connection between unitary 3-designs and the physics of discrete phase spaces and thereby offer a simple explanation of why no discrete Wigner function is covariant with respect to the multiqubit Clifford group, which is of intrinsic interest in studying quantum computation.

Speedy Acquisition of Surface-Contamination Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Puleo, J. R.; Kirschner, L. E.

1982-01-01

Biological contamination of large-area surfaces can be determined quickly, inexpensively, and accurately with the aid of a polyester bonded cloth. Cloth is highly effective in removing microbes from a surface and releasing them for biological assay. In releasing contaminants, polyester bonded cloth was found to be superior to other commercial cleanroom cloths, including spun-bound polyamid cloths and cellulose cloths.

Interpretation of clothing heritage for contemporary tourism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilman Proje, J.; Bizjak, M.

2017-10-01

In tourism is the first impression of essential meaning as tourists falling by what they see. In designing the clothing image, for commercial use in tourist sector, should be considered that clothes are consistent with the clothing habits of the region and that comply with the heritage story and style of the geographical area. Clothing image of the tourism representatives of the Bohinj region (Slovenia) has been developed. When designing, the inspiration was sought in historical and contemporary clothing image and heritage stories, in elements that representatives of the community recognize as their own cultural heritage. Affiliated clothes for tourism employees should have a useful function of comfortable workwear with heritage expression, meaning clothes are to be accepted as “everyday” clothes and not as a costume.

Advocating for Normal Birth With Normal Clothes

PubMed Central

Waller-Wise, Renece

2007-01-01

Childbirth educators need to be aware that the clothes they wear when teaching classes send a nonverbal message to class participants. Regardless of who wears the clothing or what is worn, clothes send a message; thus, both the advantages and disadvantages related to clothing choice should be considered. Ultimately, the message should reflect the values of supporting normal birth. For childbirth educators who are allowed to choose their own apparel to wear in their classes, street clothes may be the benchmark for which to strive. This article discusses the many nonverbal messages that clothes convey and provides support for the choice of street clothes as the dress for the professional childbirth educator; thus, “normal clothes to promote normal birth.” PMID:18408807

The efficacy of cleaning products on food industry surfaces.

PubMed

Lalla, Fairuz; Dingle, Peter

2004-09-01

The increased incidence of foodborne illness and the growing use of chemical sanitizers in the food industry led the authors to an investigation of alternative, chemical-free methods of sanitizing surfaces using fiber cloths with hot water. The sanitizing performance of kitchen fiber cloths and all-purpose fiber cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C) was compared with that of generic cloths such as antibacterial cloths and cleaning cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C) or chemical sanitizers--quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and hypochlorite. The QAC sanitizer resulted in the lowest overall concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The sanitizing performance of the kitchen fiber cloths was similar to that of the antibacterial cloths (S. aureus: p = .144; E. coli: p = .120) and cleaning cloths (S. aureus: p = .297; E. coli: p = .062) sanitized with QAC. Use of the fiber cloths resulted in lower concentrations of bacteria on stainless-steel kitchen surfaces, compared with the use of the generic cloths sanitized with hot water at 167 degrees F (75 degrees C). Concentrations of bacteria on the surfaces after use of the all-purpose fiber cloths were similar to concentrations of bacteria after use of the generic cloths sanitized with hypochlorite.

Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa

PubMed Central

Toups, Melissa A.; Kitchen, Andrew; Light, Jessica E.; Reed, David L.

2011-01-01

Clothing use is an important modern behavior that contributed to the successful expansion of humans into higher latitudes and cold climates. Previous research suggests that clothing use originated anywhere between 40,000 and 3 Ma, though there is little direct archaeological, fossil, or genetic evidence to support more specific estimates. Since clothing lice evolved from head louse ancestors once humans adopted clothing, dating the emergence of clothing lice may provide more specific estimates of the origin of clothing use. Here, we use a Bayesian coalescent modeling approach to estimate that clothing lice diverged from head louse ancestors at least by 83,000 and possibly as early as 170,000 years ago. Our analysis suggests that the use of clothing likely originated with anatomically modern humans in Africa and reinforces a broad trend of modern human developments in Africa during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. PMID:20823373

The energy-level crossing behavior and quantum Fisher information in a quantum well with spin-orbit coupling

PubMed Central

Wang, Z. H.; Zheng, Q.; Wang, Xiaoguang; Li, Yong

2016-01-01

We study the energy-level crossing behavior in a two-dimensional quantum well with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings (SOCs). By mapping the SOC Hamiltonian onto an anisotropic Rabi model, we obtain the approximate ground state and its quantum Fisher information (QFI) via performing a unitary transformation. We find that the energy-level crossing can occur in the quantum well system within the available parameters rather than in cavity and circuit quantum eletrodynamics systems. Furthermore, the influence of two kinds of SOCs on the QFI is investigated and an intuitive explanation from the viewpoint of the stationary perturbation theory is given. PMID:26931762

The energy-level crossing behavior and quantum Fisher information in a quantum well with spin-orbit coupling.

PubMed

Wang, Z H; Zheng, Q; Wang, Xiaoguang; Li, Yong

2016-03-02

We study the energy-level crossing behavior in a two-dimensional quantum well with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings (SOCs). By mapping the SOC Hamiltonian onto an anisotropic Rabi model, we obtain the approximate ground state and its quantum Fisher information (QFI) via performing a unitary transformation. We find that the energy-level crossing can occur in the quantum well system within the available parameters rather than in cavity and circuit quantum eletrodynamics systems. Furthermore, the influence of two kinds of SOCs on the QFI is investigated and an intuitive explanation from the viewpoint of the stationary perturbation theory is given.

The energy-level crossing behavior and quantum Fisher information in a quantum well with spin-orbit coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z. H.; Zheng, Q.; Wang, Xiaoguang; Li, Yong

2016-03-01

We study the energy-level crossing behavior in a two-dimensional quantum well with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings (SOCs). By mapping the SOC Hamiltonian onto an anisotropic Rabi model, we obtain the approximate ground state and its quantum Fisher information (QFI) via performing a unitary transformation. We find that the energy-level crossing can occur in the quantum well system within the available parameters rather than in cavity and circuit quantum eletrodynamics systems. Furthermore, the influence of two kinds of SOCs on the QFI is investigated and an intuitive explanation from the viewpoint of the stationary perturbation theory is given.

Spin-wave utilization in a quantum computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khitun, A.; Ostroumov, R.; Wang, K. L.

2001-12-01

We propose a quantum computer scheme using spin waves for quantum-information exchange. We demonstrate that spin waves in the antiferromagnetic layer grown on silicon may be used to perform single-qubit unitary transformations together with two-qubit operations during the cycle of computation. The most attractive feature of the proposed scheme is the possibility of random access to any qubit and, consequently, the ability to recognize two qubit gates between any two distant qubits. Also, spin waves allow us to eliminate the use of a strong external magnetic field and microwave pulses. By estimate, the proposed scheme has as high as 104 ratio between quantum system coherence time and the time of a single computational step.

Nonlinear unitary transformations of space-variant polarized light fields from self-induced geometric-phase optical elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kravets, Nina; Brasselet, Etienne

2018-01-01

We propose to couple the optical orientational nonlinearities of liquid crystals with their ability to self-organize to tailor them to control space-variant-polarized optical fields in a nonlinear manner. Experimental demonstration is made using a liquid crystal light valve that behaves like a light-driven geometric phase optical element. We also unveil two original nonlinear optical processes, namely self-induced separability and nonseparability. These results contribute to the advancement of nonlinear singular optics that is still in its infancy despite 25 years of effort, which may foster the development of nonlinear protocols to manipulate high-dimensional optical information both in the classical and quantum regimes.

On the problem of time in quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauer, M.

2017-05-01

The problem of time in quantum mechanics (QM) concerns the fact that in the Schrödinger equation time is a parameter, not an operator. Pauli's objection to a time-energy uncertainty relation analogue to the position-momentum one, conjectured by Heisenberg early on, seemed to exclude the existence of such an operator. However Dirac's formulation of an electron's relativistic QM does allow the introduction of a dynamical time operator that is self-adjoint. Consequently, it can be considered as the generator of a unitary transformation of the system, as well as an additional system observable subject to uncertainty. In the present paper these aspects are examined within the standard framework of relativistic QM.

Ideal photon number amplifier and duplicator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dariano, G. M.

1992-01-01

The photon number-amplification and number-duplication mechanism are analyzed in the ideal case. The search for unitary evolutions leads to consider also a number-deamplification mechanism, the symmetry between amplification and deamplification being broken by the integer-value nature of the number operator. Both transformations, amplification and duplication, need an auxiliary field which, in the case of amplification, turns out to be amplified in the inverse way. Input-output energy conservation is accounted for using a classical pump or through frequency-conversion of the fields. Ignoring one of the fields is equivalent to considering the amplifier as an open system involving entropy production. The Hamiltonians of the ideal devices are given and compared with those of realistic systems.

[Hospital hygiene - clothing in hospitals: protection for staff and patients].

PubMed

Kerwat, Klaus; Wulf, Hinnerk

2008-03-01

Hospital clothing worn by medical personnel in German hospitals can be divided into two groups, work clothing and protective clothing. Work clothing is not changed between patient visits and hence is no measure of infection control. Its function is to protect private clothing and to identify medical personnel. Protective clothing on the other hand should protect staff and patients from nosocomial infections. It has to be changed between patient visits and is especially recommended with invasive procedures and immunocompromised patients.

Operator evolution for ab initio electric dipole transitions of 4He

DOE PAGES

Schuster, Micah D.; Quaglioni, Sofia; Johnson, Calvin W.; ...

2015-07-24

A goal of nuclear theory is to make quantitative predictions of low-energy nuclear observables starting from accurate microscopic internucleon forces. A major element of such an effort is applying unitary transformations to soften the nuclear Hamiltonian and hence accelerate the convergence of ab initio calculations as a function of the model space size. The consistent simultaneous transformation of external operators, however, has been overlooked in applications of the theory, particularly for nonscalar transitions. We study the evolution of the electric dipole operator in the framework of the similarity renormalization group method and apply the renormalized matrix elements to the calculationmore » of the 4He total photoabsorption cross section and electric dipole polarizability. All observables are calculated within the ab initio no-core shell model. Furthermore, we find that, although seemingly small, the effects of evolved operators on the photoabsorption cross section are comparable in magnitude to the correction produced by including the chiral three-nucleon force and cannot be neglected.« less

Blending Determinism with Evolutionary Computing: Applications to the Calculation of the Molecular Electronic Structure of Polythiophene.

PubMed

Sarkar, Kanchan; Sharma, Rahul; Bhattacharyya, S P

2010-03-09

A density matrix based soft-computing solution to the quantum mechanical problem of computing the molecular electronic structure of fairly long polythiophene (PT) chains is proposed. The soft-computing solution is based on a "random mutation hill climbing" scheme which is modified by blending it with a deterministic method based on a trial single-particle density matrix [P((0))(R)] for the guessed structural parameters (R), which is allowed to evolve under a unitary transformation generated by the Hamiltonian H(R). The Hamiltonian itself changes as the geometrical parameters (R) defining the polythiophene chain undergo mutation. The scale (λ) of the transformation is optimized by making the energy [E(λ)] stationary with respect to λ. The robustness and the performance levels of variants of the algorithm are analyzed and compared with those of other derivative free methods. The method is further tested successfully with optimization of the geometry of bipolaron-doped long PT chains.

The neurovascular unit, matrix proteases, and innate inflammation.

PubMed

del Zoppo, Gregory J

2010-10-01

In the central nervous system, microvessel-neuron interactions appear highly coordinated. The rapid simultaneous responses of the microvasculature, neurons, and glia to focal ischemia in experimental ischemic stroke suggest that these responses could be viewed in a unitary fashion, rather than as individual components. The "neurovascular unit" consists of microvessels (endothelial cells-basal lamina matrix-astrocyte end-feet [and pericytes]), astrocytes, neurons and their axons, and other supporting cells that are likely to modulate the function of the "unit." Each cell component generates an inflammatory response to ischemia. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was first associated with hemorrhagic transformation following focal ischemia in an experimental model. A series of studies of ischemic stroke patients also suggests a relationship between MMP-9 levels and several consequences of ischemic injury, including hemorrhagic transformation. Recent experimental work suggests specific cell sources for MMP-9 generation and for matrix proteases from four distinct families that could impact neurovascular unit integrity. © 2010 New York Academy of Sciences.

Reconcile Planck-scale discreteness and the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rovelli, Carlo; Speziale, Simone

2003-03-01

A Planck-scale minimal observable length appears in many approaches to quantum gravity. It is sometimes argued that this minimal length might conflict with Lorentz invariance, because a boosted observer can see the minimal length further Lorentz contracted. We show that this is not the case within loop quantum gravity. In loop quantum gravity the minimal length (more precisely, minimal area) does not appear as a fixed property of geometry, but rather as the minimal (nonzero) eigenvalue of a quantum observable. The boosted observer can see the same observable spectrum, with the same minimal area. What changes continuously in the boost transformation is not the value of the minimal length: it is the probability distribution of seeing one or the other of the discrete eigenvalues of the area. We discuss several difficulties associated with boosts and area measurement in quantum gravity. We compute the transformation of the area operator under a local boost, propose an explicit expression for the generator of local boosts, and give the conditions under which its action is unitary.

Optimal reconstruction of the states in qutrit systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Fei; Yang, Ming; Cao, Zhuo-Liang

2010-10-01

Based on mutually unbiased measurements, an optimal tomographic scheme for the multiqutrit states is presented explicitly. Because the reconstruction process of states based on mutually unbiased states is free of information waste, we refer to our scheme as the optimal scheme. By optimal we mean that the number of the required conditional operations reaches the minimum in this tomographic scheme for the states of qutrit systems. Special attention will be paid to how those different mutually unbiased measurements are realized; that is, how to decompose each transformation that connects each mutually unbiased basis with the standard computational basis. It is found that all those transformations can be decomposed into several basic implementable single- and two-qutrit unitary operations. For the three-qutrit system, there exist five different mutually unbiased-bases structures with different entanglement properties, so we introduce the concept of physical complexity to minimize the number of nonlocal operations needed over the five different structures. This scheme is helpful for experimental scientists to realize the most economical reconstruction of quantum states in qutrit systems.

A group filter algorithm for sea mine detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobb, J. Tory; An, Myoung; Tolimieri, Richard

2005-06-01

Automatic detection of sea mines in coastal regions is a difficult task due to the highly variable sea bottom conditions present in the underwater environment. Detection systems must be able to discriminate objects which vary in size, shape, and orientation from naturally occurring and man-made clutter. Additionally, these automated systems must be computationally efficient to be incorporated into unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) sensor systems characterized by high sensor data rates and limited processing abilities. Using noncommutative group harmonic analysis, a fast, robust sea mine detection system is created. A family of unitary image transforms associated to noncommutative groups is generated and applied to side scan sonar image files supplied by Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City (NSWC PC). These transforms project key image features, geometrically defined structures with orientations, and localized spectral information into distinct orthogonal components or feature subspaces of the image. The performance of the detection system is compared against the performance of an independent detection system in terms of probability of detection (Pd) and probability of false alarm (Pfa).

Understanding healing: a conceptual analysis.

PubMed

Wendler, M C

1996-10-01

The practice of the healing arts has been a part of human history since ancient times. Despite the development of related scholarly concepts in nursing such as caring, healing remains an enigma. Using conceptual analysis a clear definition of healing within a Rogerian/Newmanian framework is explicated. Case development assists in the understanding of healing as a concept, and questions arising from this definition provide focus for further scholarly work. A result of this process of concept analysis was the development of a definition of healing which is clear and which fits the theoretical underpinnings of the unitary-transformative paradigm. Healing, as a core variable of interest in the study of health, provides important parameters for study. The definition of healing which arose from the concept analysis is: Healing is an experiential, energy-requiring process in which space is created through a caring relationship in a process of expanding consciousness and results in a sense of wholeness, integration, balance and transformation and which can never be fully known.

Optimal Synthesis of the Joint Unitary Evolutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Hai-Rui; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Hobiny, Aatef; Deng, Fu-Guo; Hu, Hui; Zhang, Dun

2018-07-01

Joint unitary operations play a central role in quantum communication and computation. We give a quantum circuit for implementing a type of unconstructed useful joint unitary evolutions in terms of controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates and single-qubit rotations. Our synthesis is optimal and possible in experiment. Two CNOT gates and seven R x , R y or R z rotations are required for our synthesis, and the arbitrary parameter contained in the evolutions can be controlled by local Hamiltonian or external fields.

Optimal Synthesis of the Joint Unitary Evolutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Hai-Rui; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Hobiny, Aatef; Deng, Fu-Guo; Hu, Hui; Zhang, Dun

2018-03-01

Joint unitary operations play a central role in quantum communication and computation. We give a quantum circuit for implementing a type of unconstructed useful joint unitary evolutions in terms of controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates and single-qubit rotations. Our synthesis is optimal and possible in experiment. Two CNOT gates and seven R x , R y or R z rotations are required for our synthesis, and the arbitrary parameter contained in the evolutions can be controlled by local Hamiltonian or external fields.

Forensic Features of Clothing-Related Deaths: Historical and Cultural Aspects.

PubMed

Byard, Roger W

2017-12-01

Clothing may both cause death and contribute to ongoing lethal mechanisms by a variety of quite disparate mechanisms. The manner of death may be accidental, suicidal, or homicidal. Accidental deaths include burning from clothing catching on fire, strangulation from clothing tangling in vehicle wheels or exposed machinery, and drowning. Entanglement of clothing in machinery may also result in significant injuries, which are not uncommon in farming communities. Excessive clothing, or its absence, may significantly alter body temperature, and hanging from clothing is a feature in the young or in mentally or physically handicapped adults, or in adults who are intoxicated with alcohol or drugs. In previous years, potentially lethal amounts of arsenic were present in clothing and accessories from dyes. Clothing may also be used to form nooses or to pad ropes in suicides and may be used in cases of strangulation, suffocation, or choking in homicides. The contribution of clothing to mortality has changed over the years with changes in fashions and in manufacturing techniques. Geographical differences in clothing-related deaths persist because of variable social and cultural practices and legislative frameworks.

MISSE 6, 7 and 8 Materials Sample Experiments from the International Space Station Materials and Processes Team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kravchenko, Michael; ORourke, Mary Jane; Golden, Johnny; Finckenor, Miria; Leatherwood, Michael; Alred, John

2010-01-01

The International Space Station Materials and Processes (ISS M&P) team has multiple material samples on MISSE 6, 7 and 8 to observe Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environmental effects on Space Station materials. Optical properties, thickness/mass loss, surface elemental analysis, visual and microscopic analysis for surface change are some of the techniques employed in this investigation. The ISS M&P team has participated in previous MISSE activities in order to better characterize the LEO effects on Space Station materials. This investigation will further this effort. Results for the following MISSE 6 samples materials will be presented: a comparison of anodize and chemical conversion coatings on various aluminum alloys, electroless nickel; AZ93 white ceramic thermal control coating with and without Teflon; Hyzod(TM) polycarbonate used to temporarily protect ISS windows; Russian quartz window material; reformulated Teflon (TM) coated Beta Cloth (Teflon TM without perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) and a Dutch version of beta cloth. Discussion for current and future MISSE materials experiments will be presented. MISSE 7 samples are: deionized water sealed anodized aluminum Photofoil(TM); indium tin oxide (ITO)- coated Kapton(TM) used as thermo-optical surfaces; mechanically scribed tin-plated beryllium-copper samples for "tin pest" growth ( alpha/Beta transformation); Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) parachute soft goods. MISSE 8 sample: exposed "scrim cloth" (fiberglass weave) from the ISS solar array wing material, Davlyn fiberglass sleeve material, Permacel and Intertape protective tapes, and ITO-coated Kapton.

The Influence of the Environment and Clothing on Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Light

PubMed Central

Liu, Jin; Zhang, Wei

2015-01-01

Objection The aim of this study is to determine the effect of clothing and the environment on human exposure to ultraviolet light. Methods The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensity was measured, and air quality parameters were recorded in 2014 in Beijing, China. Three types of clothing (white polyester cloth, pure cotton white T-shirt, and pure cotton black T-shirt) were individually placed on a mannequin. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensities were measured above and beneath each article of clothing, and the percentage of ultraviolet light transmission through the clothing was calculated. Results (1) The ultraviolet light transmission was significantly higher through white cloth than through black cloth; the transmission was significantly higher through polyester cloth than through cotton. (2) The weather significantly influenced ultraviolet light transmission through white polyester cloth; transmission was highest on clear days and lowest on overcast days (ultraviolet A: P=0.000; ultraviolet B: P=0.008). (3) Air quality parameters (air quality index and particulate matter 2.5 and 10) were inversely related to the ultraviolet light intensity that reached the earth’s surface. Ultraviolet B transmission through white polyester cloth was greater under conditions of low air pollution compared with high air pollution. Conclusion Clothing color and material and different types of weather affected ultraviolet light transmission; for one particular cloth, the transmission decreased with increasing air pollution. PMID:25923778

The influence of the environment and clothing on human exposure to ultraviolet light.

PubMed

Liu, Jin; Zhang, Wei

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of clothing and the environment on human exposure to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensity was measured, and air quality parameters were recorded in 2014 in Beijing, China. Three types of clothing (white polyester cloth, pure cotton white T-shirt, and pure cotton black T-shirt) were individually placed on a mannequin. The ultraviolet (ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) light intensities were measured above and beneath each article of clothing, and the percentage of ultraviolet light transmission through the clothing was calculated. (1) The ultraviolet light transmission was significantly higher through white cloth than through black cloth; the transmission was significantly higher through polyester cloth than through cotton. (2) The weather significantly influenced ultraviolet light transmission through white polyester cloth; transmission was highest on clear days and lowest on overcast days (ultraviolet A: P=0.000; ultraviolet B: P=0.008). (3) Air quality parameters (air quality index and particulate matter 2.5 and 10) were inversely related to the ultraviolet light intensity that reached the earth's surface. Ultraviolet B transmission through white polyester cloth was greater under conditions of low air pollution compared with high air pollution. Clothing color and material and different types of weather affected ultraviolet light transmission; for one particular cloth, the transmission decreased with increasing air pollution.

Laundry Study for a Lunar Outpost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael; Jeng, Frank

2009-01-01

In support of the Constellation Program, which will return humans to the moon and establish an Outpost, NASA has conducted an analysis of crew clothing and laundry options. Single-use or "disposable" clothing has been used from Apollo until International Space Station (ISS) missions, meaning that clothes were worn for the whole mission or thrown away when they became too dirty to wear any longer. This is justified for short duration missions; however, as the Constellation mission will last much longer and each individual Outpost mission is expected to last up to 180 days, mission goals and launch penalties for mass and volume may lead to a different conclusion. Furthermore, the habitat atmosphere pressure and therefore oxygen volume percentage will be different from ISS or Shuttle. Almost daily EVA sorties will be a norm during Outpost exploration missions. All of these factors will have impacts on selection of crew clothing and laundry options for Outpost missions. Mass and volume estimates for disposable crew clothing have been shown as a major penalty in long-duration manned space exploration missions in previous analyses. Assuming disposable clothing like ISS, Equivalent System Mass (ESM) of crew clothing and hygiene towels was estimated to be 11,000 kg or about 11% of total life support system ESM for a 10-year Lunar Outpost mission with 4 crew members. Ways to reduce this clothing penalty, which are discussed in this paper, include: a) Reduce clothing supply rate through using clothes made of advanced fabrics; b) Reduce daily usage rate by extending its use duration before disposing; and c) Use laundry and reusable clothing. The report summarizes recent research efforts in advanced clothing, proposed clothing supply rates for Exploration missions, results of a trade-off study between disposable clothing and laundry, and conclusions and suggestions for Constellation Program clothing.

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protective clothing; requirements. 77.1710... COAL MINES Miscellaneous § 77.1710 Protective clothing; requirements. Each employee working in a... protective clothing and devices as indicated below: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or...

Insertion Loss of Personal Protective Clothing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shull D.J.; Biesel, V.B.; Cunefare, K.A.

1999-05-13

'The use of personal protective clothing that covers the head is a common practice in many industries. Such personal protective clothing will impact the sound pressure level and the frequency content of sounds to which the wearer will be exposed. The use of such clothing, then, may impact speech and alarm audibility. A measure of the impact of such clothing is its insertion loss. Insertion loss measurements were performed on four types of personal protective clothing in use by Westinghouse Savannah River Company personnel which utilize cloth and plastic hood configurations to protect the head. All clothing configurations tested atmore » least partially cover the ears. The measurements revealed that insertion loss of the items tested was notable at frequencies above 1000 Hz only and was a function of material stiffness and acoustic flanking paths to the ear. Further, an estimate of the clothing''s noise reduction rating reveals poor performance in that regard, even though the insertion loss of the test articles was significant at frequencies at and above 1000 Hz.'« less

Transitioning to Low-GWP Alternatives in Unitary Air Conditioning

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This fact sheet provides current information on low-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant alternatives used in unitary air-conditioning equipment, relevant to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

'Where were your clothes?' Eliciting descriptions of clothing placement from children alleging sexual abuse in criminal trials and forensic interviews.

PubMed

Stolzenberg, Stacia N; Lyon, Thomas D

2017-09-01

The present study examined how children alleging sexual abuse are asked about clothing placement during abusive episodes, both in criminal trials and forensic interviews. The placement of clothing is of great importance, because it facilitates distinguishing abusive touch from non-abusive touch, as well as the severity of abuse when the touching is in fact sexual. If clothing has not been removed, then sexual abuse appears less likely and certain types of sexual contact are physically impossible (or at least highly improbable). We examined how trial attorneys ( n = 142) and forensic interviewers in investigative interviews ( n = 155) questioned 5- 12-year-olds about the location of clothing during alleged sexual abuse. To do so, we identified all question-answer pairs that included references to clothing placement, and coded for the clothing item mentioned, whether the interviewer elicited information about clothing placement or the child spontaneously provided such information, question-type, and response-type. Discussions about clothing placement were commonplace in both settings, particularly in court. Fewer than one in five question-answer pairs about clothing placement were spontaneous mentions by children; the questioner elicited most discussions. When interviewers asked wh- questions rather than yes/no and forced-choice questions, children provided more elaboration, more detailed clothing information, and were over six times more likely to describe clothing placement in a fashion that could not be captured by a single preposition (e.g., neither on nor off). The findings suggest that descriptions of clothing placement are subject to serious misinterpretation when closed-ended questions are asked.

Unitary Transformations in the Quantum Model for Conceptual Conjunctions and Its Application to Data Representation

PubMed Central

Veloz, Tomas; Desjardins, Sylvie

2015-01-01

Quantum models of concept combinations have been successful in representing various experimental situations that cannot be accommodated by traditional models based on classical probability or fuzzy set theory. In many cases, the focus has been on producing a representation that fits experimental results to validate quantum models. However, these representations are not always consistent with the cognitive modeling principles. Moreover, some important issues related to the representation of concepts such as the dimensionality of the realization space, the uniqueness of solutions, and the compatibility of measurements, have been overlooked. In this paper, we provide a dimensional analysis of the realization space for the two-sector Fock space model for conjunction of concepts focusing on the first and second sectors separately. We then introduce various representation of concepts that arise from the use of unitary operators in the realization space. In these concrete representations, a pair of concepts and their combination are modeled by a single conceptual state, and by a collection of exemplar-dependent operators. Therefore, they are consistent with cognitive modeling principles. This framework not only provides a uniform approach to model an entire data set, but, because all measurement operators are expressed in the same basis, allows us to address the question of compatibility of measurements. In particular, we present evidence that it may be possible to predict non-commutative effects from partial measurements of conceptual combinations. PMID:26617556

Unitary Transformations in the Quantum Model for Conceptual Conjunctions and Its Application to Data Representation.

PubMed

Veloz, Tomas; Desjardins, Sylvie

2015-01-01

Quantum models of concept combinations have been successful in representing various experimental situations that cannot be accommodated by traditional models based on classical probability or fuzzy set theory. In many cases, the focus has been on producing a representation that fits experimental results to validate quantum models. However, these representations are not always consistent with the cognitive modeling principles. Moreover, some important issues related to the representation of concepts such as the dimensionality of the realization space, the uniqueness of solutions, and the compatibility of measurements, have been overlooked. In this paper, we provide a dimensional analysis of the realization space for the two-sector Fock space model for conjunction of concepts focusing on the first and second sectors separately. We then introduce various representation of concepts that arise from the use of unitary operators in the realization space. In these concrete representations, a pair of concepts and their combination are modeled by a single conceptual state, and by a collection of exemplar-dependent operators. Therefore, they are consistent with cognitive modeling principles. This framework not only provides a uniform approach to model an entire data set, but, because all measurement operators are expressed in the same basis, allows us to address the question of compatibility of measurements. In particular, we present evidence that it may be possible to predict non-commutative effects from partial measurements of conceptual combinations.

Efficacy of Electrocuting Devices to Catch Tsetse Flies (Glossinidae) and Other Diptera

PubMed Central

Vale, Glyn A.; Hargrove, John W.; Cullis, N. Alan; Chamisa, Andrew; Torr, Stephen J.

2015-01-01

Background The behaviour of insect vectors has an important bearing on the epidemiology of the diseases they transmit, and on the opportunities for vector control. Two sorts of electrocuting device have been particularly useful for studying the behaviour of tsetse flies (Glossina spp), the vectors of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. Such devices consist of grids on netting (E-net) to catch tsetse in flight, or on cloth (E-cloth) to catch alighting flies. Catches are most meaningful when the devices catch as many as possible of the flies potentially available to them, and when the proportion caught is known. There have been conflicting indications for the catching efficiency, depending on whether the assessments were made by the naked eye or assisted by video recordings. Methodology/Principal Findings Using grids of 0.5m2 in Zimbabwe, we developed catch methods of studying the efficiency of E-nets and E-cloth for tsetse, using improved transformers to supply the grids with electrical pulses of ~40kV. At energies per pulse of 35–215mJ, the efficiency was enhanced by reducing the pulse interval from 3200 to 1ms. Efficiency was low at 35mJ per pulse, but there seemed no benefit of increasing the energy beyond 70mJ. Catches at E-nets declined when the fine netting normally used became either coarser or much finer, and increased when the grid frame was moved from 2.5cm to 27.5cm from the grid. Data for muscoids and tabanids were roughly comparable to those for tsetse. Conclusion/Significance The catch method of studying efficiency is useful for supplementing and extending video methods. Specifications are suggested for E-nets and E-cloth that are ~95% efficient and suitable for estimating the absolute numbers of available flies. Grids that are less efficient, but more economical, are recommended for studies of relative numbers available to various baits. PMID:26505202

Efficacy of Electrocuting Devices to Catch Tsetse Flies (Glossinidae) and Other Diptera.

PubMed

Vale, Glyn A; Hargrove, John W; Cullis, N Alan; Chamisa, Andrew; Torr, Stephen J

2015-10-01

The behaviour of insect vectors has an important bearing on the epidemiology of the diseases they transmit, and on the opportunities for vector control. Two sorts of electrocuting device have been particularly useful for studying the behaviour of tsetse flies (Glossina spp), the vectors of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. Such devices consist of grids on netting (E-net) to catch tsetse in flight, or on cloth (E-cloth) to catch alighting flies. Catches are most meaningful when the devices catch as many as possible of the flies potentially available to them, and when the proportion caught is known. There have been conflicting indications for the catching efficiency, depending on whether the assessments were made by the naked eye or assisted by video recordings. Using grids of 0.5m2 in Zimbabwe, we developed catch methods of studying the efficiency of E-nets and E-cloth for tsetse, using improved transformers to supply the grids with electrical pulses of ~40kV. At energies per pulse of 35-215mJ, the efficiency was enhanced by reducing the pulse interval from 3200 to 1ms. Efficiency was low at 35mJ per pulse, but there seemed no benefit of increasing the energy beyond 70mJ. Catches at E-nets declined when the fine netting normally used became either coarser or much finer, and increased when the grid frame was moved from 2.5cm to 27.5cm from the grid. Data for muscoids and tabanids were roughly comparable to those for tsetse. The catch method of studying efficiency is useful for supplementing and extending video methods. Specifications are suggested for E-nets and E-cloth that are ~95% efficient and suitable for estimating the absolute numbers of available flies. Grids that are less efficient, but more economical, are recommended for studies of relative numbers available to various baits.

20 CFR 670.640 - Are students provided with clothing?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... clothing? Yes, Job Corps students are provided cash clothing allowances and/or articles of clothing, including safety clothing, when needed for their participation in Job Corps and their successful entry into... Section 670.640 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR THE JOB...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

28 CFR 571.22 - Release clothing and transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Release clothing and transportation. 571... AND RELEASE RELEASE FROM CUSTODY Release Gratuities, Transportation, and Clothing § 571.22 Release clothing and transportation. (a) Staff shall provide release clothing appropriate for the time of year and...

Clothing and Textiles (Intermediate). Instructor's Guide. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This clothing and textiles teacher's manual contains five instructional units for a semester course. Units included are (1) Significance of Textiles and Clothing to the Individual in Society; (2) Nature of Textiles and Clothing; (3) Acquisition, Use, and Care of Textiles and Clothing; (4) Garment Construction; and (5) Occupations in…

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

19 CFR 10.58 - Bolting cloths; marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Bolting cloths; marking. 10.58 Section 10.58... TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. General Provisions Bolting Cloths § 10.58 Bolting cloths; marking. (a) As a prerequisite to the free entry of bolting cloth for milling...

An Investigation of Self-Concept, Clothing Selection, and Life Satisfaction among Disabled Consumers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Hyo Jung

2012-01-01

This dissertation investigates the relationships between various aspects of self-concept (i.e., generalized self-efficacy, public self-consciousness, state hope, and self-esteem), clothing selection (i.e., clothing that expresses individuality, clothing that improves the emotional state, clothing that camouflages the body), and life satisfaction…

Energy consumption and usage characteristics from field measurements of residential dishwashers, clothes washers and clothes dryers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, Y.L.; Grot, R.A.

1980-10-01

The measured energy consumption and usage characteristics for household dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers for ten townhouses at Twin Rivers, N.J., are presented. Whenever the dishwashers and/or clothes washers were in use, the energy consumption, water consumption, frequency of usage, and water temperature were measured by a data acquisition system. The electrical energy of electric clothes dryers and the gas consumption of gas clothes dryers were measured, as well as their frequency and duration of use, and exhaust temperature. Typical household usage patterns of these major appliances are included.

Study and modification of the reactivity of carbon fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, P. L., Jr.; Ismail, I. M.; Mahajan, O. P.; Eapen, T. A.

1980-01-01

The reactivity to air of polyactylonitrile-based carbon fiber cloth was enhanced by the addition of metals to the cloth. The cloth was oxidized in 54 wt% nitric acid in order to increase the surface area of the cloth and to add carbonyl groups to the surface. Metal addition was then achieved by soaking the cloth in metal acetate solution to effect exchange between the metal carbon and hydrogen on the carbonyl groups. The addition of potassium, sodium, calcium and barium enhanced fiber cloth reactivity to air at 573 K. Extended studies using potassium addition showed that success in enhancing fiber cloth reactivity to air depends on: extent of cloth oxidation in nitric acid, time of exchange in potassium acetate solution and the thoroughness of removing metal acetate from the fiber pore structure following exchange. Cloth reactivity increases essentially linearly with increase in potassium addition via exchange.

Survival of influenza A virus on contaminated student clothing

PubMed Central

IKEDA, KEIKO; TSUJIMOTO, KAZUKO; SUZUKI, YUKIKO; KOYAMA, AUGUSTINE HAJIME

2015-01-01

The role of contaminated clothing in the transmission of influenza A virus during an epidemic period was investigated by examining the recovery of infectious influenza virus from experimentally virus-contaminated clothing, which had been subejected to routine wearing and washing for several months or years. The amount of infectious virus recovered from the nine types of clothing decreased with time and was shown to differ widely between clothing samples, when the contaminated clothing samples were maintained in uncovered glass Petri dishes in a safety cabinet under air blowing. These results indicate a dependence of virus transmissibility on the nature of the contaminated clothes. The difference in recovery was shown to have no significant correlation with the thickness or the materials of the clothing; however, a correlation was observed with the residual amount of water in the deposited virus preparation on the test clothing. PMID:25780410

The flexible focus: whether spatial attention is unitary or divided depends on observer goals.

PubMed

Jefferies, Lisa N; Enns, James T; Di Lollo, Vincent

2014-04-01

The distribution of visual attention has been the topic of much investigation, and various theories have posited that attention is allocated either as a single unitary focus or as multiple independent foci. In the present experiment, we demonstrate that attention can be flexibly deployed as either a unitary or a divided focus in the same experimental task, depending on the observer's goals. To assess the distribution of attention, we used a dual-stream Attentional Blink (AB) paradigm and 2 target pairs. One component of the AB, Lag-1 sparing, occurs only if the second target pair appears within the focus of attention. By varying whether the first-target-pair could be expected in a predictable location (always in-stream) or not (unpredictably in-stream or between-streams), observers were encouraged to deploy a divided or a unitary focus, respectively. When the second-target-pair appeared between the streams, Lag-1 sparing occurred for the Unpredictable group (consistent with a unitary focus) but not for the Predictable group (consistent with a divided focus). Thus, diametrically different outcomes occurred for physically identical displays, depending on the expectations of the observer about where spatial attention would be required.

Multiple multicontrol unitary operations: Implementation and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Qing

2018-04-01

The efficient implementation of computational tasks is critical to quantum computations. In quantum circuits, multicontrol unitary operations are important components. Here, we present an extremely efficient and direct approach to multiple multicontrol unitary operations without decomposition to CNOT and single-photon gates. With the proposed approach, the necessary two-photon operations could be reduced from O( n 3) with the traditional decomposition approach to O( n), which will greatly relax the requirements and make large-scale quantum computation feasible. Moreover, we propose the potential application to the ( n- k)-uniform hypergraph state.

Consciousness, intentionality, and community: Unitary perspectives and research.

PubMed

Zahourek, Rothlyn P; Larkin, Dorothy M

2009-01-01

Consciousness and intentionality often have been related and studied together. These concepts also are readily viewed and understood for practice, research, and education in a unitary paradigm. How these ideas relate to community is less known. Considering the expansion of our capacity for communication through the World Wide Web and other technologic advances and appreciating recent research on the nonlocal character of intentionality and consciousness, it is more apparent how concepts of community can be seen in the same unitary context. The authors address these issues and review relevant nursing research.

Image fusion based on millimeter-wave for concealed weapon detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Weiwen; Zhao, Yuejin; Deng, Chao; Zhang, Cunlin; Zhang, Yalin; Zhang, Jingshui

2010-11-01

This paper describes a novel multi sensors image fusion technology which is presented for concealed weapon detection (CWD). It is known to all, because of the good transparency of the clothes at millimeter wave band, a millimeter wave radiometer can be used to image and distinguish concealed contraband beneath clothes, for example guns, knives, detonator and so on. As a result, we adopt the passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imaging technology for airport security. However, in consideration of the wavelength of millimeter wave and the single channel mechanical scanning, the millimeter wave image has law optical resolution, which can't meet the need of practical application. Therefore, visible image (VI), which has higher resolution, is proposed for the image fusion with the millimeter wave image to enhance the readability. Before the image fusion, a novel image pre-processing which specifics to the fusion of millimeter wave imaging and visible image is adopted. And in the process of image fusion, multi resolution analysis (MRA) based on Wavelet Transform (WT) is adopted. In this way, the experiment result shows that this method has advantages in concealed weapon detection and has practical significance.

Application of the N-quantum approximation to the proton radius problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cowen, Steven

This thesis is organized into three parts: 1. Introduction and bound state calculations of electronic and muonic hydrogen, 2. Bound states in motion, and 3.Treatment of soft photons. In the first part, we apply the N-Quantum Approximation (NQA) to electronic and muonic hydrogen and search for any new corrections to energy levels that could account for the 0.31 meV discrepancy of the proton radius problem. We derive a bound state equation and compare our numerical solutions and wave functions to those of the Dirac equation. We find NQA Lamb shift diagrams and calculate the associated energy shift contributions. We do not find any new corrections large enough to account for the discrepancy. In part 2, we discuss the effects of motion on bound states using the NQA. We find classical Lorentz contraction of the lowest order NQA wave function. Finally, in part 3, we develop a clothing transformation for interacting fields in order to produce the correct asymptotic limits. We find the clothing eliminates a trilinear interacting Hamiltonian term and produces a quadrilinear soft photon interaction term.

Awareness of the Social Implications of Clothing in Relation to Fashion Awareness and Clothing Economic Practices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horridge, Patricia; Richards, Mary Lynne

1986-01-01

The Sproles Consumer Interests and Priorities questionnaire was administered to 3,036 home economists. Awareness of social implications of clothing, correlated positively with fashion awareness and clothing economic practices. Results suggest that persons exhibiting substantial awareness of social importance of clothing also tend to evidence…

Breather cloth for vacuum curing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reed, M. W.

1979-01-01

Finely-woven nylon cloth that has been treated with Teflon improves vacuum adhesive bonding of coatings to substrates. Cloth is placed over coating; entire assembly, including substrate, coating, and cloth, is placed in plastic vacuum bag for curing. Cloth allows coating to "breathe" when bag is evacuated. Applications include bonding film coatings to solar concentrators and collectors.

The application and development of artificial intelligence in smart clothing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Xiong

2018-03-01

This paper mainly introduces the application of artificial intelligence in intelligent clothing. Starting from the development trend of artificial intelligence, analysis the prospects for development in smart clothing with artificial intelligence. Summarize the design key of artificial intelligence in smart clothing. Analysis the feasibility of artificial intelligence in smart clothing.

Estimating Clothing Thermal Insulation Using an Infrared Camera

PubMed Central

Lee, Jeong-Hoon; Kim, Young-Keun; Kim, Kyung-Soo; Kim, Soohyun

2016-01-01

In this paper, a novel algorithm for estimating clothing insulation is proposed to assess thermal comfort, based on the non-contact and real-time measurements of the face and clothing temperatures by an infrared camera. The proposed method can accurately measure the clothing insulation of various garments under different clothing fit and sitting postures. The proposed estimation method is investigated to be effective to measure its clothing insulation significantly in different seasonal clothing conditions using a paired t-test in 99% confidence interval. Temperatures simulated with the proposed estimated insulation value show closer to the values of actual temperature than those with individual clothing insulation values. Upper clothing’s temperature is more accurate within 3% error and lower clothing’s temperature is more accurate by 3.7%~6.2% error in indoor working scenarios. The proposed algorithm can reflect the effect of air layer which makes insulation different in the calculation to estimate clothing insulation using the temperature of the face and clothing. In future, the proposed method is expected to be applied to evaluate the customized passenger comfort effectively. PMID:27005625

Evaluation on an ergonomic design of functional clothing for wheelchair users.

PubMed

Wang, Yunyi; Wu, Daiwei; Zhao, Mengmeng; Li, Jun

2014-05-01

Researchers have pointed out that people with physical disabilities find it difficult to obtain suitable clothing. In this study a set of wheelchair user oriented functional clothing was designed. Attention was paid to the wheelchair users' daily living activities related with clothing. An evaluating system combined with sports tournament and rehabilitation medicine was introduced to assess the new designed clothing. Six wheelchair users (3 males and 3 females) were invited to wear the clothing. A set of normal functional clothing was employed as a comparison (Control). The time required to complete three different daily living activities, i.e. dressing and undressing, going to toilet and bathing were recorded. Results showed that with the new clothing wheelchair users' competence of managing toilet was increased by 52.9%. The time needed for toilet was reduced by 45.7%. Their capability of managing dressing and undressing was improved by 24.6%. The study indicated that the newly designed clothing could facilitate wheelchair users' daily living activities related with clothing. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Energy-efficiency program for clothes washers, clothes dryers, and dishwashers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1977-11-01

The objectives of this study of dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers are: to evaluate existing energy efficiency test procedures and recommend the use of specific test procedures for each appliance group and to establish the maximum economically and technologically feasible energy-efficiency improvement goals for each appliance group. Specifically, the program requirements were to determine the energy efficiency of the 1972 models, to evaluate the feasibility improvements that could be implemented by 1980 to maximize energy efficiency, and to calculate the percentage efficiency improvement based on the 1972 baseline and the recommended 1980 targets. The test program was conducted usingmore » 5 dishwashers, 4 top-loading clothes washers, one front-loading clothes washer, 4 electric clothes dryers, and 4 gas clothes dryers. (MCW)« less

Clothing choices, weight, and trait self-objectification.

PubMed

Tiggemann, Marika; Andrew, Rachel

2012-06-01

The present study aimed to assess the link between clothing choice and aspects of body image. Participants were 112 female undergraduate students who completed a questionnaire containing a measure of clothing functions, as well as BMI, self-classified weight, and trait self-objectification. Results indicated that BMI and self-classified weight were positively correlated with the choice of clothes for camouflage. Self-objectification was positively correlated with choice of clothes for fashion, and negatively correlated with choosing clothes for comfort. It was concluded that clothing represents an important but neglected aspect of contemporary women's management of their body's appearance. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Procedures and requirements for testing in the Langley Research Center unitary plan wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wassum, Donald L.; Hyman, Curtis E., Jr.

1988-01-01

Information is presented to assist those interested in conducting wind-tunnel testing within the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Procedures, requirements, forms and examples necessary for tunnel entry are included.

Compressor-fan unitary structure for air conditioning system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dreiman, N.

2015-08-01

An extremely compact, therefore space saving unitary structure of short axial length is produced by radial integration of a revolving piston rotary compressor and an impeller of a centrifugal fan. The unitary structure employs single motor to run as the compressor so the airflow fan and eliminates duality of motors, related power supply and control elements. Novel revolving piston rotary compressor which provides possibility for such integration comprises the following: a suction gas delivery system which provides cooling of the motor and supplies refrigerant into the suction chamber under higher pressure (supercharged); a modified discharge system and lubricating oil supply system. Axial passages formed in the stationary crankshaft are used to supply discharge gas to a condenser, to return vaporized cooling agent from the evaporator to the suction cavity of the compressor, to pass a lubricant and to accommodate wiring supplying power to the unitary structure driver -external rotor electric motor.

Chaos and complexity by design

DOE PAGES

Roberts, Daniel A.; Yoshida, Beni

2017-04-20

We study the relationship between quantum chaos and pseudorandomness by developing probes of unitary design. A natural probe of randomness is the “frame poten-tial,” which is minimized by unitary k-designs and measures the 2-norm distance between the Haar random unitary ensemble and another ensemble. A natural probe of quantum chaos is out-of-time-order (OTO) four-point correlation functions. We also show that the norm squared of a generalization of out-of-time-order 2k-point correlators is proportional to the kth frame potential, providing a quantitative connection between chaos and pseudorandomness. In addition, we prove that these 2k-point correlators for Pauli operators completely determine the k-foldmore » channel of an ensemble of unitary operators. Finally, we use a counting argument to obtain a lower bound on the quantum circuit complexity in terms of the frame potential. This provides a direct link between chaos, complexity, and randomness.« less

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...(a)(1) through (5). (c) Provisions for future installation of electric clothes dryers. When wiring is... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All...

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-the-shelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

Advanced Clothing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlesinger, Thilini; Broyan, James; Orndoff, Evelyne

2014-01-01

The goal of the Advanced Clothing System (ACS) is to use advanced commercial off-theshelf fibers and antimicrobial treatments with the goal of directly reducing the mass and volume of a logistics item. The current clothing state-of-the-art on the International Space Station (ISS) is disposable, mostly cotton-based, clothing with no laundry provisions. Each clothing article has varying use periods and will become trash. The goal is to increase the length of wear of the clothing to reduce the logistical mass and volume. The initial focus has been exercise clothing since the use period is lower. Various ground studies and an ISS technology demonstration have been conducted to evaluate clothing preference and length of wear. The analysis indicates that use of ACS selected garments (e.g. wool, modacrylic, polyester) can increase the breakeven point for laundry to 300 days.

Symmetric quantum fully homomorphic encryption with perfect security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Min

2013-12-01

Suppose some data have been encrypted, can you compute with the data without decrypting them? This problem has been studied as homomorphic encryption and blind computing. We consider this problem in the context of quantum information processing, and present the definitions of quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) and quantum fully homomorphic encryption (QFHE). Then, based on quantum one-time pad (QOTP), we construct a symmetric QFHE scheme, where the evaluate algorithm depends on the secret key. This scheme permits any unitary transformation on any -qubit state that has been encrypted. Compared with classical homomorphic encryption, the QFHE scheme has perfect security. Finally, we also construct a QOTP-based symmetric QHE scheme, where the evaluate algorithm is independent of the secret key.

Covariant fields on anti-de Sitter spacetimes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotăescu, Ion I.

2018-02-01

The covariant free fields of any spin on anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes are studied, pointing out that these transform under isometries according to covariant representations (CRs) of the AdS isometry group, induced by those of the Lorentz group. Applying the method of ladder operators, it is shown that the CRs with unique spin are equivalent with discrete unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of positive energy of the universal covering group of the isometry one. The action of the Casimir operators is studied finding how the weights of these representations (reps.) may depend on the mass and spin of the covariant field. The conclusion is that on AdS spacetime, one cannot formulate a universal mass condition as in special relativity.

Effect of the counterrotating terms on polarizability in atom-field interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Dawei; Wang Ligang; Li Aijun

2009-12-15

The effect of the counterrotating terms on the linear polarizability is investigated, which is responsible for the validity of the optical theorem in all frequency regions. A unitary transformation method [H. Zheng, S. -Y. Zhu, and M.S. Zubairy, Rev. Lett. 101, 200404 (2008)] is adopted to overcome the difficulty brought in by the counterrotating terms, which yields a rotating-wave-approximation-like Hamiltonian with modified coupling constant due to the counterrotating terms. A simple expression for the polarizability is obtained, which is a sum of resonant (-) and antiresonant (+) parts, and from which the role of the counterrotating terms and quantum interferencemore » between the counterrotating terms and rotating terms at far off-resonance are discussed.« less

Magnetic Chern bands and triplon Hall effect in an extended Shastry-Sutherland model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malki, M.; Schmidt, K. P.

2017-05-01

We study topological properties of one-triplon bands in an extended Shastry-Sutherland model relevant for the frustrated quantum magnet SrCu2(BO3)2 . To this end perturbative continuous unitary transformations are applied about the isolated dimer limit allowing us to calculate the one-triplon dispersion up to high order in various couplings including intra- and interdimer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and a general uniform magnetic field. We determine the Berry curvature and the Chern number of the different one-triplon bands. We demonstrate the occurrence of Chern numbers ±1 and ±2 for the case that two components of the magnetic field are finite. Finally, we also calculate the triplon Hall effect arising at finite temperatures.

Compact beam splitters in coupled waveguides using shortcuts to adiabaticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xi; Wen, Rui-Dan; Shi, Jie-Long; Tseng, Shuo-Yen

2018-04-01

There are various works on adiabatic (three) waveguide coupler devices but most are focused on the quantum optical analogies and the physics itself. We successfully apply shortcuts to adiabaticity techniques to the coupled waveguide system with a suitable length for integrated optics devices. Especially, the counter-diabatic driving protocol followed by unitary transformation overcomes the previously unrealistic implemention, and is used to design feasible and robust 1 × 2 and 1 × 3 beam splitters for symmetric and asymmetric three waveguide couplers. Numerical simulations with the beam propagation method demonstrate that these shortcut designs for beam splitters are shorter than the adiabatic ones, and also have a better tolerance than parallel waveguides resonant beam splitters with respect to spacing errors and wavelength variation.

On the role of dealing with quantum coherence in amplitude amplification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rastegin, Alexey E.

2018-07-01

Amplitude amplification is one of primary tools in building algorithms for quantum computers. This technique generalizes key ideas of the Grover search algorithm. Potentially useful modifications are connected with changing phases in the rotation operations and replacing the intermediate Hadamard transform with arbitrary unitary one. In addition, arbitrary initial distribution of the amplitudes may be prepared. We examine trade-off relations between measures of quantum coherence and the success probability in amplitude amplification processes. As measures of coherence, the geometric coherence and the relative entropy of coherence are considered. In terms of the relative entropy of coherence, complementarity relations with the success probability seem to be the most expository. The general relations presented are illustrated within several model scenarios of amplitude amplification processes.

Coherence Evolution and Transfer Supplemented by Sender's Initial-State Restoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fel'dman, E. B.; Zenchuk, A. I.

2017-12-01

The evolution of quantum coherences comes with a set of conservation laws provided that the Hamiltonian governing this evolution conserves the spin-excitation number. At that, coherences do not intertwist during the evolution. Using the transmission line and the receiver in the initial ground state we can transfer the coherences to the receiver without interaction between them, although the matrix elements contributing to each particular coherence intertwist in the receiver's state. Therefore we propose a tool based on the unitary transformation at the receiver side to untwist these elements and thus restore (at least partially) the structure of the sender's initial density matrix. A communication line with two-qubit sender and receiver is considered as an example of implementation of this technique.

How to decompose arbitrary continuous-variable quantum operations.

PubMed

Sefi, Seckin; van Loock, Peter

2011-10-21

We present a general, systematic, and efficient method for decomposing any given exponential operator of bosonic mode operators, describing an arbitrary multimode Hamiltonian evolution, into a set of universal unitary gates. Although our approach is mainly oriented towards continuous-variable quantum computation, it may be used more generally whenever quantum states are to be transformed deterministically, e.g., in quantum control, discrete-variable quantum computation, or Hamiltonian simulation. We illustrate our scheme by presenting decompositions for various nonlinear Hamiltonians including quartic Kerr interactions. Finally, we conclude with two potential experiments utilizing offline-prepared optical cubic states and homodyne detections, in which quantum information is processed optically or in an atomic memory using quadratic light-atom interactions. © 2011 American Physical Society

Efficient two-component relativistic method for large systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakai, Hiromi; Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012

This paper reviews a series of theoretical studies to develop efficient two-component (2c) relativistic method for large systems by the author’s group. The basic theory is the infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (IODKH) method for many-electron Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. The local unitary transformation (LUT) scheme can effectively produce the 2c relativistic Hamiltonian, and the divide-and-conquer (DC) method can achieve linear-scaling of Hartree-Fock and electron correlation methods. The frozen core potential (FCP) theoretically connects model potential calculations with the all-electron ones. The accompanying coordinate expansion with a transfer recurrence relation (ACE-TRR) scheme accelerates the computations of electron repulsion integrals with high angular momenta and longmore » contractions.« less

Landau problem with time dependent mass in time dependent electric and harmonic background fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawson, Latévi M.; Avossevou, Gabriel Y. H.

2018-04-01

The spectrum of a Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a Landau particle with time-dependent mass and frequency undergoing the influence of a uniform time-dependent electric field is obtained. The configuration space wave function of the model is expressed in terms of the generalised Laguerre polynomials. To diagonalize the time-dependent Hamiltonian, we employ the Lewis-Riesenfeld method of invariants. To this end, we introduce a unitary transformation in the framework of the algebraic formalism to construct the invariant operator of the system and then to obtain the exact solution of the Hamiltonian. We recover the solutions of the ordinary Landau problem in the absence of the electric and harmonic fields for a constant particle mass.

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

24 CFR 3280.708 - Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for the future installation of a clothes dryer. 3280.708 Section 3280.708 Housing and Urban... duct system and provisions for the future installation of a clothes dryer. (a) Clothes dryers. (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside by a moisture-lint exhaust duct and...

40 CFR 170.130 - Pesticide safety training for workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., shampoo hair, and put on clean clothes after work. (v) Washing work clothes separately from other clothes... or sprayed on the body. As soon as possible, shower, shampoo, and change into clean clothes. (3...

40 CFR 170.130 - Pesticide safety training for workers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., shampoo hair, and put on clean clothes after work. (v) Washing work clothes separately from other clothes... or sprayed on the body. As soon as possible, shower, shampoo, and change into clean clothes. (3...

A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers

PubMed Central

MacIntyre, C Raina; Seale, Holly; Dung, Tham Chi; Hien, Nguyen Tran; Nga, Phan Thi; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Rahman, Bayzidur; Dwyer, Dominic E; Wang, Quanyi

2015-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. Setting 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants 1607 hospital HCWs aged ≥18 years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. Intervention Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. Main outcome measure Clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection. Results The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. Conclusions This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of infection. Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for HCWs, particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077. PMID:25903751

Uncovering Sundanese Values by Analyzing Symbolic Meaning of Ménak Priangan Clothing (1800-1942)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karmila, M.; Suciati; Widiaty, I.

2016-04-01

This study investigates symbolic meanings found in the Sunda ethnic clothing, particularly the Menak Priangan clothing. This study aims to uncover and document those symbolic meanings found in the Menak Priangan clothing as an effort to develop Sunda cultural artefacts of West Java. This study on Menak Priangan clothing applies ethnography (visual) and aesthetic methods. The visual method is utilized in order to uncover local cultural (Sunda) values found in Menak Priangan clothing visualization, including: design, model, name, and representing colours, which then directed towards local Sundanese aesthetic concepts living within the Priangan community. Furthermore, aesthetic method is used to explore role of aesthetic values in empowering visual cultural values within certain community, particularly Sunda aesthetic values. The study results show that since the 19th century, Sunda ethnic clothing was limited to Priangan Sunda only, while traditional clothing wearing by Priangan people reflects their social strata, consisting of: a. Menak Gede (Menak pangluhurna: mayor), bearing raden title, b. Menak Leutik/Santana (mayor assistant), titles: asep, mas, agus, ujang, (Nyimas for woman), c. Somah/Cacah: ordinary people/lower class. Clothing is a cultural phenomenon within certain culture reflecting such society experiences. For Menak people, clothing and its accessories have important meanings. They wear such traditional clothing and accessories as a symbol of power they have within bureaucratic structure and as a symbol of social status they bear within traditional community structure.

Role of clothing in both accelerating and impeding dermal absorption of airborne SVOCs.

PubMed

Morrison, Glenn C; Weschler, Charles J; Bekö, Gabriel; Koch, Holger M; Salthammer, Tunga; Schripp, Tobias; Toftum, Jørn; Clausen, Geo

2016-01-01

To assess the influence of clothing on dermal uptake of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), we measured uptake of selected airborne phthalates for an individual wearing clean clothes or air-exposed clothes and compared these results with dermal uptake for bare-skinned individuals under otherwise identical experimental conditions. Using a breathing hood to isolate dermal from inhalation uptake, we measured urinary metabolites of diethylphthalate (DEP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) from an individual exposed to known concentrations of these compounds for 6 h in an experimental chamber. The individual wore either clean (fresh) cotton clothes or cotton clothes that had been exposed to the same chamber air concentrations for 9 days. For a 6-h exposure, the net amounts of DEP and DnBP absorbed when wearing fresh clothes were, respectively, 0.017 and 0.007 μg/kg/(μg/m(3)); for exposed clothes the results were 0.178 and 0.261 μg/kg/(μg/m(3)), respectively (values normalized by air concentration and body mass). When compared against the average results for bare-skinned participants, clean clothes were protective, whereas exposed clothes increased dermal uptake for DEP and DnBP by factors of 3.3 and 6.5, respectively. Even for non-occupational environments, wearing clothing that has adsorbed/absorbed indoor air pollutants can increase dermal uptake of SVOCs by substantial amounts relative to bare skin.

Visual effects of the first ladies’ Kebaya clothing on the image of Indonesian women’s appearances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suciati

2016-04-01

The image of Indonesian women on international level is partly influenced by the appearance of the First Lady. The role and position of the First Lady is the representation of Indonesian women, because basically the First Lady, as the wife who accompanies the President (head of state), has a strong background of cultural grip, high intellectuality and good personality in her daily lifestyle, including in wearing clothes, and as an ambassador of culture and design. Fashion style of the First Lady always draws praise and criticism from the public. The purpose of this study is to reveal the visualization effects of Indonesian First Ladies’ kebaya clothing style in various state occasions on the image of Indonesian women’s appearances. This study is a qualitative research of visual data that emphasizes the discussion of Kebaya Clothing using semiological study (connotation and denotation meaning) that bring out self-image. The results showed that the style the First Ladies’ Kebaya clothing in every presidency period of their husbands had characteristics both in the style of clothing or hairstyle, indicating self-image. The conclusion of this study reveals that the First Ladies’ Kebaya Clothing (National Clothing) is interpreted as having implied messages because clothing can be observed visually. Implication was done on the construction of learning patterns of clothing, national fashion design and Nusantara ethnic clothing design.

Airborne asbestos take-home exposures during handling of chrysotile-contaminated clothing following simulated full shift workplace exposures.

PubMed

Sahmel, Jennifer; Barlow, Christy A; Gaffney, Shannon; Avens, Heather J; Madl, Amy K; Henshaw, John; Unice, Ken; Galbraith, David; DeRose, Gretchen; Lee, Richard J; Van Orden, Drew; Sanchez, Matthew; Zock, Matthew; Paustenbach, Dennis J

2016-01-01

The potential for para-occupational, domestic, or take-home exposures from asbestos-contaminated work clothing has been acknowledged for decades, but historically has not been quantitatively well characterized. A simulation study was performed to measure airborne chrysotile concentrations associated with laundering of contaminated clothing worn during a full shift work day. Work clothing fitted onto mannequins was exposed for 6.5 h to an airborne concentration of 11.4 f/cc (PCME) of chrysotile asbestos, and was subsequently handled and shaken. Mean 5-min and 15-min concentrations during active clothes handling and shake-out were 3.2 f/cc and 2.9 f/cc, respectively (PCME). Mean airborne PCME concentrations decreased by 55% 15 min after clothes handling ceased, and by 85% after 30 min. PCM concentrations during clothes handling were 11-47% greater than PCME concentrations. Consistent with previously published data, daily mean 8-h TWA airborne concentrations for clothes-handling activity were approximately 1.0% of workplace concentrations. Similarly, weekly 40-h TWAs for clothes handling were approximately 0.20% of workplace concentrations. Estimated take-home cumulative exposure estimates for weekly clothes handling over 25-year working durations were below 1 f/cc-year for handling work clothes contaminated in an occupational environment with full shift airborne chrysotile concentrations of up to 9 f/cc (8-h TWA).

The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel(UPWT) Test 1891 Space Launch System

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-10-15

Stage Separation Test of the Space Launch System(SLS) in the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT). The model used High Pressure air blown through the solid rocket boosters. (SRB) to simulate the booster separation motors (BSM) firing.

The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel(UPWT) Test 1891 Space Launch System

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-10-14

Stage Separation Test of the Space Launch System(SLS) in the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT). The model used High Pressure air blown through the solid rocket boosters. (SRB) to simulate the booster separation motors (BSM) firing.

How many invariant polynomials are needed to decide local unitary equivalence of qubit states?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maciążek, Tomasz; Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warszawa; Oszmaniec, Michał

2013-09-15

Given L-qubit states with the fixed spectra of reduced one-qubit density matrices, we find a formula for the minimal number of invariant polynomials needed for solving local unitary (LU) equivalence problem, that is, problem of deciding if two states can be connected by local unitary operations. Interestingly, this number is not the same for every collection of the spectra. Some spectra require less polynomials to solve LU equivalence problem than others. The result is obtained using geometric methods, i.e., by calculating the dimensions of reduced spaces, stemming from the symplectic reduction procedure.

Clothing Matching for Visually Impaired Persons

PubMed Central

Yuan, Shuai; Tian, YingLi; Arditi, Aries

2012-01-01

Matching clothes is a challenging task for many blind people. In this paper, we present a proof of concept system to solve this problem. The system consists of 1) a camera connected to a computer to perform pattern and color matching process; 2) speech commands for system control and configuration; and 3) audio feedback to provide matching results for both color and patterns of clothes. This system can handle clothes in deficient color without any pattern, as well as clothing with multiple colors and complex patterns to aid both blind and color deficient people. Furthermore, our method is robust to variations of illumination, clothing rotation and wrinkling. To evaluate the proposed prototype, we collect two challenging databases including clothes without any pattern, or with multiple colors and different patterns under different conditions of lighting and rotation. Results reported here demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed clothing matching system. PMID:22523465

Prediction of clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the clothed body walking in wind.

PubMed

Qian, Xiaoming; Fan, Jintu

2006-11-01

Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance are the two most important parameters in thermal environmental engineering, functional clothing design and end use of clothing ensembles. In this study, clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of various types of clothing ensembles were measured using the walking-able sweating manikin, Walter, under various environmental conditions and walking speeds. Based on an extensive experimental investigation and an improved understanding of the effects of body activities and environmental conditions, a simple but effective direct regression model has been established, for predicting the clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance under wind and walking motion, from those when the manikin was standing in still air. The model has been validated by using experimental data reported in the previous literature. It has shown that the new models have advantages and provide very accurate prediction.

Image-Based Reverse Engineering and Visual Prototyping of Woven Cloth.

PubMed

Schroder, Kai; Zinke, Arno; Klein, Reinhard

2015-02-01

Realistic visualization of cloth has many applications in computer graphics. An ongoing research problem is how to best represent and capture cloth models, specifically when considering computer aided design of cloth. Previous methods produce highly realistic images, however, they are either difficult to edit or require the measurement of large databases to capture all variations of a cloth sample. We propose a pipeline to reverse engineer cloth and estimate a parametrized cloth model from a single image. We introduce a geometric yarn model, integrating state-of-the-art textile research. We present an automatic analysis approach to estimate yarn paths, yarn widths, their variation and a weave pattern. Several examples demonstrate that we are able to model the appearance of the original cloth sample. Properties derived from the input image give a physically plausible basis that is fully editable using a few intuitive parameters.

Clothing Matching for Visually Impaired Persons.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuai; Tian, Yingli; Arditi, Aries

2011-01-01

Matching clothes is a challenging task for many blind people. In this paper, we present a proof of concept system to solve this problem. The system consists of 1) a camera connected to a computer to perform pattern and color matching process; 2) speech commands for system control and configuration; and 3) audio feedback to provide matching results for both color and patterns of clothes. This system can handle clothes in deficient color without any pattern, as well as clothing with multiple colors and complex patterns to aid both blind and color deficient people. Furthermore, our method is robust to variations of illumination, clothing rotation and wrinkling. To evaluate the proposed prototype, we collect two challenging databases including clothes without any pattern, or with multiple colors and different patterns under different conditions of lighting and rotation. Results reported here demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed clothing matching system.

Dynamics of Clothing I. Curriculum Guide. A Family and Consumer Sciences Education Course of Study for Grades 9-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunger, Dean-Ellen, Ed.; Hancey, Helen-Louise; Hendrickson, Diane; Hicks, Camille; Munns, Barbara; Price, Barbara

This document is a six-unit curriculum guide for a high school (grades 9-12) course in clothing instruction. The units contain one to three lessons on the following topics: (1) psychology of clothing and appearance (role of clothing and clothing choices, personal grooming); (2) design principles (line and design, color); (3) construction…

Individual 3D measurements of end users to personalize work wear clothing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mielicka, E.; Napieralska, L.; Jasińska, I.; Jarzyna, V.

2017-10-01

Body silhouette 3D measurements need to be performed separately in each country due to significant ethnic differences in body silhouette which preclude the transfer of European data to particular countries. Systematic research allows to update information on the population body silhouette and body proportions as well as select the size changes possible to implement in clothing construction modifications. The diversity in body silhouettes and sizes as well as the issue of clothing fitting encourage clothing producers to provide work wear clothing based on individual measurements of the end users’ bodies. In the framework of the carried research, the group of construction workers was selected as the target group of the analysed work wear clothing users. 42 construction workers, men only, were measured. The body silhouette measurement process was non-contact and was carried out with the use of 3D body scanner. The collected data on the body silhouette allowed to select sizes used to construct the work wear clothing and identify the clothing size. The selected measurement points of the body silhouette underwent statistical analysis to determine the distribution of random variables, here body sizes. The variables distribution characteristics were calculated. On that basis, the fitting appraisal of work wear clothing with respect to the size of the finished product corresponding to the adequate size of individually measured worker/end user was performed. The size overview of the work wear clothing used by the specific professional group and the appraisal of the size fitting to the body silhouette took into consideration the work wear clothing ergonomic functionality with respect to the body posture when performing the tasks, design and clothing construction. The analysis based on the currently gathered end users’ remarks and objections concerning the clothing fitting and performed body silhouette measurements allows to modify the existing work wear clothing for the selected group of end users. The research was aimed at the improvement of the work wear clothing fitting thanks to personalization based on individual body measurements at the stage of construction design.

Can the PHS model (ISO7933) predict reasonable thermophysiological responses while wearing protective clothing in hot environments?

PubMed

Wang, Faming; Kuklane, Kalev; Gao, Chuansi; Holmér, Ingvar

2011-02-01

In this paper, the prediction accuracy of the PHS (predicted heat strain) model on human physiological responses while wearing protective clothing ensembles was examined. Six human subjects (aged 29 ± 3 years) underwent three experimental trials in three different protective garments (clothing thermal insulation I(cl) ranges from 0.63 to 2.01 clo) in two hot environments (40 °C, relative humidities: 30% and 45%). The observed and predicted mean skin temperature, core body temperature and sweat rate were presented and statistically compared. A significant difference was found in the metabolic rate between FIRE (firefighting clothing) and HV (high visibility clothing) or MIL (military clothing) (p < 0.001). Also, the development of heart rate demonstrated the significant effects of the exposure time and clothing ensembles. In addition, the predicted evaporation rate during HV, MIL and FIRE was much lower than the experimental values. Hence, the current PHS model is not applicable for protective clothing with intrinsic thermal insulations above 1.0 clo. The results showed that the PHS model generated unreliable predictions on body core temperature when human subjects wore thick protective clothing such as firefighting clothing (I(cl) > 1.0 clo). The predicted mean skin temperatures in three clothing ensembles HV, MIL and FIRE were also outside the expected limits. Thus, there is a need for further extension for the clothing insulation validation range of the PHS model. It is recommended that the PHS model should be amended and validated by individual algorithms, physical or physiological parameters, and further subject studies.

Effect of clothing weight on body weight.

PubMed

Whigham, L D; Schoeller, D A; Johnson, L K; Atkinson, R L

2013-01-01

In clinical settings, it is common to measure weight of clothed patients and estimate a correction for the weight of clothing, but we can find no papers in the medical literature regarding the variability in clothing weight of adults with weather, season and gender. Fifty adults (35 women) were weighed four times during a 12-month period with and without clothing. Clothing weights were determined and regressed against minimum, maximum and average daily outdoor temperature. The average clothing weight (±s.d.) throughout the year was significantly greater in men than in women (1.2±0.3 vs 0.8±0.3 kg, P<0.0001). The average within-person minimum and the average within-person maximum clothing weights across the year were 0.9±0.2 and 1.5±0.4 kg for men, and 0.5±0.2 and 1.1±0.4 kg for women, respectively. The within-person s.d. in clothing weight was 0.3 kg for both men and women. Over the 55 °C range in the lowest to the highest outdoor temperatures, the regressions predicted a maximal change in clothing weight of only 0.4 kg in women and 0.6 kg in men. The clothing weight of men is significantly greater than that of women, but there is little variability throughout the year. Therefore, a clothing adjustment of approximately 0.8 kg for women and 1.2 kg for men is appropriate regardless of outdoor temperature.

Will Astronauts Wash Clothes on the Way to Mars?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Jeng, Frank F.

2015-01-01

Future human space exploration missions will lengthen to years, and keeping crews clothed without a huge resupply burden is an important consideration for habitation systems. A space laundry system could be the solution; however, the resources it uses must be accounted for and must win out over the reliable practice of simply bringing along enough spare underwear. NASA has conducted trade-off studies through its Logistics Reduction Project to compare current space clothing systems, life extension of that clothing, traditional water-based clothes washing, and other sanitizing techniques. The best clothing system depends on the mission and assumptions but, in general, analysis results indicate that washing clothes on space missions will start to pay off as mission durations approach a year.

Clothing Flammability and Burn Injuries: Public Opinion Concerning an Overlooked, Preventable Public Health Problem.

PubMed

Frattaroli, Shannon; Spivak, Steven M; Pollack, Keshia M; Gielen, Andrea C; Salomon, Michele; Damant, Gordon H

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to describe knowledge of clothing flammability risk, public support for clothing flammability warning labels, and stronger regulation to reduce the risk. As part of a national survey of homeowners about residential sprinkler systems, the authors included questions about clothing flammability. The authors used an online web panel to sample homeowners and descriptive methods to analyze the resulting data. The sample included 2333 homeowners. Knowledge of clothing flammability and government oversight of clothing flammability risk was low. Homeowners were evenly split about the effectiveness of current standards; however, when presented with clothing-related burn injury and death data, a majority (53%) supported stricter standards. Most homeowners (64%) supported warning labels and indicated that such labels would either have no effect on their purchasing decisions (64%) or be an incentive (24%) to purchase an item. Owners of sprinkler-equipped homes were more likely to support these interventions than owners of homes without sprinkler systems. Public knowledge about clothing flammability risks is low. Most homeowners supported clothing labels to inform consumers of this risk and increased government intervention to reduce the risk.

Reeling in the textiles at Row Clothing Enterprises

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ridgley, H.

1997-12-01

While a handful of textile processing centers in operation today can date their roots back to the turn of this century or before, Row Clothing Enterprises (Baltimore) first opened its doors in 1985. Soon after, it climbed its way to becoming one of the premier textile processing businesses in the country. And what they want most of all is usable clothing--the discards of American secondhand clothing stores. The company exports 100% of the usable clothing it recovers paying institutions as much as $150 a ton for the material. Graders also sort the material into piles headed for the mutilating, ormore » fiber-shredding, machine. While not all the material is shredded, it does provide more opportunities for resale. Whatever Row cannot resell as clothing--because it is soiled or torn--gets processed into industrial wiping cloths, if it is cotton. Clothing made from wool and polyester is sent to woolen and polyester fiber mills to be made into new clothing. While 80% of Row`s wiper market is domestic, 80% of its fiber market is overseas.« less

Clothing Preferences of Older Women: Implications for Gerontology and the American Clothing Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spruiell, Phyllis R.; Jernigan, Marian

1982-01-01

Investigated the clothing preferences and problems of older women, using personal interviews. Presents results of preferred styles in detail. Discusses implications of the research for gerontologists in higher education and for the American clothing industry. (RC)

The development and initial validation of a virtual dripping sweat rate and a clothing wetness ratio for use in predictive heat strain models.

PubMed

Kubota, H; Kuwabara, K; Hamada, Y

2014-08-01

This paper applies the heat balance equation (HBE) for clothed subjects as a linear function of mean skin temperature (t sk ) by a new sweating efficiency (η sw ) and an approximation for the thermoregulatory sweat rate. The equation predicting t sk in steady state conditions was derived as the solution of the HBE and used for a predictive heat strain scale. The heat loss from the wet clothing (WCL) area was identified with a new variable of 'virtual dripping sweat rate VDSR' (S wdr ). This is a subject's un-evaporated sweat rate in dry clothing from the regional sweat rate exceeding the maximum evaporative capacity, and adds the moisture to the clothing, reducing the intrinsic clothing insulation. The S wdr allowed a mass balance analysis of the wet clothing area identified as clothing wetness (w cl ). The w cl was derived by combining the HBE at the WCL surface from which the evaporation rate and skin heat loss from WCL region are given. Experimental results on eight young male subjects wearing typical summer clothing, T-shirt and trousers verified the model for predicting t sk with WCL thermal resistance (R cl,w ) identified as 25 % of dry clothing (R cl,d ).

The development and initial validation of a virtual dripping sweat rate and a clothing wetness ratio for use in predictive heat strain models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubota, H.; Kuwabara, K.; Hamada, Y.

2014-08-01

This paper applies the heat balance equation (HBE) for clothed subjects as a linear function of mean skin temperature ( t sk ) by a new sweating efficiency ( η sw ) and an approximation for the thermoregulatory sweat rate. The equation predicting t sk in steady state conditions was derived as the solution of the HBE and used for a predictive heat strain scale. The heat loss from the wet clothing (WCL) area was identified with a new variable of `virtual dripping sweat rate VDSR' ( S wdr ). This is a subject's un-evaporated sweat rate in dry clothing from the regional sweat rate exceeding the maximum evaporative capacity, and adds the moisture to the clothing, reducing the intrinsic clothing insulation. The S wdr allowed a mass balance analysis of the wet clothing area identified as clothing wetness ( w cl ). The w cl was derived by combining the HBE at the WCL surface from which the evaporation rate and skin heat loss from WCL region are given. Experimental results on eight young male subjects wearing typical summer clothing, T-shirt and trousers verified the model for predicting t sk with WCL thermal resistance ( R cl,w ) identified as 25 % of dry clothing ( R cl,d ).

Clothing and Attributions Concerning Sexual Harassment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Kim K. P.; Workman, Jane E.

1992-01-01

Photographs shown to 98 male and 102 female students illustrated provocative versus nonprovocative clothing on both men and women. Subjects rated provocative clothing more likely to induce sexual harassment. Females who had not experienced harassment rated those wearing nonprovocative clothing unlikely to be harassed. (SK)

Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. I. Canonical formalism and homodyne squeezed states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dell'Anno, Fabio; de Siena, Silvio; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2004-03-01

We introduce a formalism of nonlinear canonical transformations for general systems of multiphoton quantum optics. For single-mode systems the transformations depend on a tunable free parameter, the homodyne local-oscillator angle; for n -mode systems they depend on n heterodyne mixing angles. The canonical formalism realizes nontrivial mixing of pairs of conjugate quadratures of the electromagnetic field in terms of homodyne variables for single-mode systems, and in terms of heterodyne variables for multimode systems. In the first instance the transformations yield nonquadratic model Hamiltonians of degenerate multiphoton processes and define a class of non-Gaussian, nonclassical multiphoton states that exhibit properties of coherence and squeezing. We show that such homodyne multiphoton squeezed states are generated by unitary operators with a nonlinear time evolution that realizes the homodyne mixing of a pair of conjugate quadratures. Tuning of the local-oscillator angle allows us to vary at will the statistical properties of such states. We discuss the relevance of the formalism for the study of degenerate (up-)down-conversion processes. In a companion paper [

Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. I. Canonical formalism and homodyne squeezed states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dell'Anno, Fabio; De Siena, Silvio; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2004-03-01

We introduce a formalism of nonlinear canonical transformations for general systems of multiphoton quantum optics. For single-mode systems the transformations depend on a tunable free parameter, the homodyne local-oscillator angle; for n-mode systems they depend on n heterodyne mixing angles. The canonical formalism realizes nontrivial mixing of pairs of conjugate quadratures of the electromagnetic field in terms of homodyne variables for single-mode systems, and in terms of heterodyne variables for multimode systems. In the first instance the transformations yield nonquadratic model Hamiltonians of degenerate multiphoton processes and define a class of non-Gaussian, nonclassical multiphoton states that exhibit properties of coherencemore » and squeezing. We show that such homodyne multiphoton squeezed states are generated by unitary operators with a nonlinear time evolution that realizes the homodyne mixing of a pair of conjugate quadratures. Tuning of the local-oscillator angle allows us to vary at will the statistical properties of such states. We discuss the relevance of the formalism for the study of degenerate (up-)down-conversion processes. In a companion paper [F. Dell'Anno, S. De Siena, and F. Illuminati, 69, 033813 (2004)], we provide the extension of the nonlinear canonical formalism to multimode systems, we introduce the associated heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states, and we discuss their possible experimental realization.« less

Clothing-related burns in New South Wales, Australia: impact of legislation on a continuing problem.

PubMed

Harvey, Lara A; Connolley, Siobhan; Harvey, John G

2015-02-01

To combat the risk of nightwear burns a mandatory standard regulating the design, flammability and labelling requirements of children's nightwear was introduced in Australia in 1987. This population-based study examined the trends, characteristics and causes of clothing-related burns to inform a review of the current standard, and to facilitate the development of targeted prevention strategies. Clothing-related burns for 1998-2013 were identified from hospitalisation data for all hospitals in NSW and detailed information regarding circumstance of injury from a burn data registry. To investigate percentage annual change (PAC) in trends negative binomial regression analysis was performed. There were 541 hospitalisations for clothing-related burns, 18% were nightwear-related and 82% were for other clothing. All clothing burns decreased by an estimated 4% per year (95% CI -6.2 to -2.1). Nightwear-related burns decreased by a significantly higher rate (PAC -7.4%; 95% CI -12.5 to -2.1) than other clothing (PAC -2.5%; 95%CI -4.7 to -0.1). Exposure to open heat source (campfire/bonfire) was the most common cause, followed by cooking. Of factors known to be associated with clothing burns, accelerant use was reported in 27% of cases, cigarettes 17%, loose skirt or dress 8%, and angle grinders in 6% of cases. Hospitalisations for clothing burns are relatively uncommon in NSW and rates, particularly of nightwear burns, have decreased over the last 15 years. Strategies for continued reduction of these injuries include increasing the scope of the current clothing standard or developing new standards to include all children's clothing and adult nightwear, and increasing community awareness of the risk associated with open heat sources, accelerant use and loose clothing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Expansion of effective wet bulb globe temperature for vapor impermeable protective clothing.

PubMed

Sakoi, Tomonori; Mochida, Tohru; Kurazumi, Yoshihito; Sawada, Shin-Ichi; Horiba, Yosuke; Kuwabara, Kohei

2018-01-01

The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is an effective measure for risk screening to prevent heat dISOrders. However, a heat risk evaluation by WBGT requires adjustments depending on the clothing. In this study, we proposed a new effective WBGT (WBGT eff * ) for general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and vapor impermeable protective clothing that is applicable to occupants engaged in moderate intensity work with a metabolic heat production value of around 174W/m 2 . WBGT eff * enables the conversion of heat stress into the scale experienced by the occupant dressed in the basic clothing ensemble (work clothes) based on the heat balances for a human body. We confirmed that WBGT eff * was effective for expressing the critical thermal environments for the prescriptive zones for occupants wearing vapor impermeable protective clothing. Based on WBGT eff * , we succeeded in clarifying how the weights for natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept changed depending on clothing properties and the surrounding environmental factors when heat stress is expressed by the weighted sum of natural wet bulb, globe, and air temperatures and the intercept. The weight of environmental temperatures (globe and air temperatures) for WBGT eff * for vapor impermeable protective clothing increased compared with that for general vapor permeable clothing, whereas that of the natural wet bulb temperature decreased. For WBGT eff * in outdoor conditions with a solar load, the weighting ratio of globe temperature increased and that of air temperature decreased with air velocity. Approximation equations of WBGT eff * were proposed for both general vapor permeable clothing ensembles and for vapor impermeable protective clothing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Full allogeneic fusion of embryos in a holothuroid echinoderm.

PubMed

Gianasi, Bruno L; Hamel, Jean-François; Mercier, Annie

2018-05-30

Whole-body chimaeras (organisms composed of genetically distinct cells) have been directly observed in modular/colonial organisms (e.g. corals, sponges, ascidians); whereas in unitary deuterostosmes (including mammals) they have only been detected indirectly through molecular analysis. Here, we document for the first time the step-by-step development of whole-body chimaeras in the holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa , a unitary deuterostome belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most derived unitary metazoan in which direct investigation of zygote fusibility has been undertaken. Fusion occurred among hatched blastulae, never during earlier (unhatched) or later (larval) stages. The fully fused chimaeric propagules were two to five times larger than non-chimaeric embryos. Fusion was positively correlated with propagule density and facilitated by the natural tendency of early embryos to agglomerate. The discovery of natural chimaerism in a unitary deuterostome that possesses large externally fertilized eggs provides a framework to explore key aspects of evolutionary biology, histocompatibility and cell transplantation in biomedical research. © 2018 The Author(s).

Evaluation of take-home exposure and risk associated with the handling of clothing contaminated with chrysotile asbestos.

PubMed

Sahmel, J; Barlow, C A; Simmons, B; Gaffney, S H; Avens, H J; Madl, A K; Henshaw, J; Lee, R J; Van Orden, D; Sanchez, M; Zock, M; Paustenbach, D J

2014-08-01

The potential for para-occupational (or take-home) exposures from contaminated clothing has been recognized for the past 60 years. To better characterize the take-home asbestos exposure pathway, a study was performed to measure the relationship between airborne chrysotile concentrations in the workplace, the contamination of work clothing, and take-home exposures and risks. The study included air sampling during two activities: (1) contamination of work clothing by airborne chrysotile (i.e., loading the clothing), and (2) handling and shaking out of the clothes. The clothes were contaminated at three different target airborne chrysotile concentrations (0-0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter [f/cc], 1-2 f/cc, and 2-4 f/cc; two events each for 31-43 minutes; six events total). Arithmetic mean concentrations for the three target loading levels were 0.01 f/cc, 1.65 f/cc, and 2.84 f/cc (National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety [NIOSH] 7402). Following the loading events, six matched 30-minute clothes-handling and shake-out events were conducted, each including 15 minutes of active handling (15-minute means; 0.014-0.097 f/cc) and 15 additional minutes of no handling (30-minute means; 0.006-0.063 f/cc). Percentages of personal clothes-handling TWAs relative to clothes-loading TWAs were calculated for event pairs to characterize exposure potential during daily versus weekly clothes-handling activity. Airborne concentrations for the clothes handler were 0.2-1.4% (eight-hour TWA or daily ratio) and 0.03-0.27% (40-hour TWA or weekly ratio) of loading TWAs. Cumulative chrysotile doses for clothes handling at airborne concentrations tested were estimated to be consistent with lifetime cumulative chrysotile doses associated with ambient air exposure (range for take-home or ambient doses: 0.00044-0.105 f/cc year). © 2014 Society for Risk Analysis.

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (iv) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (v) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (5) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (iv) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (v) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

46 CFR 160.049-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... Cotton fabrics and coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (c... Type I, Class 3 material. (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the..., class I, laminated vinyl-nylon high strength cloth in accordance with the requirements of Specification...

46 CFR 160.077-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method. (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method. (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method. (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method. (5) Method 5762, Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials...

10 CFR 850.29 - Protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....132, Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements, when workers use personal protective clothing... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Protective clothing and equipment. 850.29 Section 850.29... § 850.29 Protective clothing and equipment. (a) The responsible employer must provide protective...

10 CFR 850.29 - Protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....132, Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements, when workers use personal protective clothing... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Protective clothing and equipment. 850.29 Section 850.29... § 850.29 Protective clothing and equipment. (a) The responsible employer must provide protective...

High-Accuracy Measurement of Small Movement of an Object behind Cloth Using Airborne Ultrasound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoshiba, Kotaro; Hirata, Shinnosuke; Hachiya, Hiroyuki

2013-07-01

The acoustic measurement of vital information such as breathing and heartbeat in the standing position whilst the subject is wearing clothes is a difficult problem. In this paper, we present the basic experimental results to measure small movement of an object behind cloth. We measured acoustic characteristics of various types of cloth to obtain the transmission loss through cloth. To observe the relationship between measurement error and target speed under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we tried to measure the movement of an object behind cloth. The target was placed apart from the cloth to separate the target reflection from the cloth reflection. We found that a small movement of less than 6 mm/s could be observed using the M-sequence, moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and tracking phase difference, when the SNR was less than 0 dB. We also present the results of theoretical error analysis in the MTI filter and phase tracking for high-accuracy measurement. Characteristics of the systematic error were clarified.

Effect of clothing material on thermal responses of the human body

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fengzhi, Li; Yi, Li

2005-09-01

The influence of clothing material on thermal responses of the human body are investigated by using an integrated model of a clothed thermoregulatory human body. A modified 25-nodes model considering the sweat accumulation on the skin surface is applied to simulate the human physiological regulatory responses. The heat and moisture coupled transfer mechanisms, including water vapour diffusion, the moisture evaporation/condensation, the moisture sorbtion/desorption by fibres, liquid sweat transfer under capillary pressure, and latent heat absorption/release due to phase change, are considered in the clothing model. On comparing prediction results with the experimental data in the literature, the proposed model seems able to predict dynamic heat and moisture transfer between the human body and the clothing system. The human body's thermal responses and clothing temperature and moisture variations are compared for different clothing materials during transient periods. We concluded that the hygroscopicity of clothing materials influences the human thermoregulation process significantly during environmental transients.

Non-iterative distance constraints enforcement for cloth drapes simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidajat, R. L. L. G.; Wibowo, Arifin, Z.; Suyitno

2016-03-01

A cloth simulation represents the behavior of cloth objects such as flag, tablecloth, or even garments has application in clothing animation for games and virtual shops. Elastically deformable models have widely used to provide realistic and efficient simulation, however problem of overstretching is encountered. We introduce a new cloth simulation algorithm that replaces iterative distance constraint enforcement steps with non-iterative ones for preventing over stretching in a spring-mass system for cloth modeling. Our method is based on a simple position correction procedure applied at one end of a spring. In our experiments, we developed a rectangle cloth model which is initially at a horizontal position with one point is fixed, and it is allowed to drape by its own weight. Our simulation is able to achieve a plausible cloth drapes as in reality. This paper aims to demonstrate the reliability of our approach to overcome overstretches while decreasing the computational cost of the constraint enforcement process due to an iterative procedure that is eliminated.

Validation of the principles of injury risk zones for motorcycle protective clothing.

PubMed

de Rome, Liz; Meredith, Lauren; Ivers, Rebecca; Brown, Julie

2014-09-01

The distributions of motorcycle crash impacts and injuries were compared to the four impact risk zones and protective performance specified in the European Standard for motorcycle clothing (EN 13595). Crashed motorcyclists' (n=117) injuries and clothing damage were categorized by body area into the four risk zones. Three levels of protection were defined: protective clothing with impact protection, protective clothing only and non-protective clothing. The distribution of impact/injury sites corresponded to the predictions of EN 13595, with the proportion of all injuries decreasing from 43.9% in Zone 1, to 18.0%, 16.7%, and 11.5% in Zones 2 to 4, respectively. Protective clothing modified the distribution of injuries with substantially more injuries (OR=2.69, 95% CL: 20.1-3.59) at unprotected impact sites. These findings support an appropriate framework for determining performance specifications for the manufacture of motorcycle clothing that will effectively reduce the risk of injury in crashes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating thermal manikin: an overview

PubMed Central

WANG, Faming

2017-01-01

Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a sweating manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced sweating thermal manikins are finally presented. PMID:28566566

Forces required for a knife to penetrate a variety of clothing types.

PubMed

Nolan, Gary; Hainsworth, Sarah V; Rutty, Guy N

2013-03-01

In stabbing incidents, it is usual for the victim to be clothed and therefore a knife penetrates both clothes and skin. Clothes (other than leather) have been thought to make little difference to the penetration force. However, there is little quantitative data in the literature. In this study, a range of clothes have been tested, either singly or in layers of, for example, T-shirt and shirt, to quantify the additional force required when clothes are present. A materials testing system has been used to test the penetration force required to stab through clothes into a foam-silicone rubber skin simulant. The results show that the force required can be significantly different, particularly when layers of clothing are penetrated. A cotton t-shirt adds c. 8 N to the penetration force, while a T-shirt and jacket can add an additional 21 N. The results allow a more quantitative assessment of forces required in stabbing. © 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Genuine multipartite entanglement of symmetric Gaussian states: Strong monogamy, unitary localization, scaling behavior, and molecular sharing structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adesso, Gerardo; Illuminati, Fabrizio

2008-10-01

We investigate the structural aspects of genuine multipartite entanglement in Gaussian states of continuous variable systems. Generalizing the results of Adesso and Illuminati [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 150501 (2007)], we analyze whether the entanglement shared by blocks of modes distributes according to a strong monogamy law. This property, once established, allows us to quantify the genuine N -partite entanglement not encoded into 2,…,K,…,(N-1) -partite quantum correlations. Strong monogamy is numerically verified, and the explicit expression of the measure of residual genuine multipartite entanglement is analytically derived, by a recursive formula, for a subclass of Gaussian states. These are fully symmetric (permutation-invariant) states that are multipartitioned into blocks, each consisting of an arbitrarily assigned number of modes. We compute the genuine multipartite entanglement shared by the blocks of modes and investigate its scaling properties with the number and size of the blocks, the total number of modes, the global mixedness of the state, and the squeezed resources needed for state engineering. To achieve the exact computation of the block entanglement, we introduce and prove a general result of symplectic analysis: Correlations among K blocks in N -mode multisymmetric and multipartite Gaussian states, which are locally invariant under permutation of modes within each block, can be transformed by a local (with respect to the partition) unitary operation into correlations shared by K single modes, one per block, in effective nonsymmetric states where N-K modes are completely uncorrelated. Due to this theorem, the above results, such as the derivation of the explicit expression for the residual multipartite entanglement, its nonnegativity, and its scaling properties, extend to the subclass of non-symmetric Gaussian states that are obtained by the unitary localization of the multipartite entanglement of symmetric states. These findings provide strong numerical evidence that the distributed Gaussian entanglement is strongly monogamous under and possibly beyond specific symmetry constraints, and that the residual continuous-variable tangle is a proper measure of genuine multipartite entanglement for permutation-invariant Gaussian states under any multipartition of the modes.

Variations on holography from modifications of gravity in anti-de sitter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Apolo Velez, Luis Alberto

In this thesis we study aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence that result from modifications of gravity in the bulk and lead to novel features in the dual theories at the boundary. The variations on the holographic theme studied in this thesis are model-independent since we have not assumed a particular UV-completion of gravity. Our results can be applied to a wide class of models that include higher-spin theories and compactifications of string theory on AdS backgrounds. The modifications of the bulk physics studied in this thesis include massive gravitons, higher-derivative terms in the Einstein-Hilbert action, and new boundary conditions for gravity. We begin by showing that it is possible to construct duals with a massive graviton in the bulk by deforming the dual theory at the boundary. This procedure does not break the translation invariance of the dual theory and might be useful in the study of certain condensed matter systems. We then construct the most general class of parity-even tricritical gravities in three and four dimensions. These higher-derivative theories are not unitary and characterized by the logarithmic fall-off of their linearized perturbations. They are conjectured to be dual to rank-3 logarithmic conformal field theories. We will show that, at linear order in the equations of motion, it is possible to truncate the theory to a unitary subsector. We also show that tricritical gravities in three and four dimensions suffer from a linearization instability that forbids unitary truncations beyond linear order. Finally we consider the role of boundary conditions in the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. We show that free boundary conditions that lead to enhanced asymptotic symmetry groups are dual to 2D theories of quantum gravity in either the conformal or lightcone gauges. In particular we match the generators of symmetries in the bulk and boundary theories and show that a proper identification of the generator of Virasoro transformations in the bulk leads to a vanishing total central charge. We also show that this identification is consistent with the constraint equations of 2D gravity.

A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers.

PubMed

MacIntyre, C Raina; Seale, Holly; Dung, Tham Chi; Hien, Nguyen Tran; Nga, Phan Thi; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Rahman, Bayzidur; Dwyer, Dominic E; Wang, Quanyi

2015-04-22

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. 1607 hospital HCWs aged ≥18 years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. Clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection. The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of infection. Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for HCWs, particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

The professional clothing bank as evidence-based practice.

PubMed

Bishop, SueZanne Monique

2015-01-01

Little research exists linking interview-appropriate attire to improved employment outcomes for women. Thus, it appears that the professional clothing bank has not been investigated as evidence-based practice. To provide preliminary evidence for clothing banks, in this article the author synthesizes findings from existing research on the provision of a professional clothing bank as a means for offering interview-appropriate attire to poor women in job readiness programming. For context, job readiness programs are explored and a case study of one program operating a professional clothing bank is presented. Finally, preliminary considerations for planning and implementing clothing banks based on this literature review are given.

Guidelines for the selection of chemical-protective clothing. Volume 1. (3rd Edition). Report for January 1985-May 1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwope, A.D.; Costas, P.P.; Jackson, J.O.

1987-02-01

A variety of protective-clothing items are commerically available for emergency response and other applications where chemical hazards may be encountered. Data and information for selecting chemical-protective clothing is either not available or is inconsistant from source to source. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the development of chemical-protective clothing selection guidelines to assist their own Office of Health and Safety in providing guidance to personnel, primarily EPA employees and contractors, working on hazardous-waste sites. These guidelines allowed a user to select an appropriate protective material for a specific chemical, select a clothing item (glove, suit, etc.) and thenmore » determine which manufacturers offered the clothing item in the selected material. The U.S. Coast Guard Office of Research and Development and the EPA have supplemented these guidelines with additional data on material chemical resistance, material physical properties, clothing design features, and specific-vendor products. A chapter has been added for selecting chemical protective suits. These guidelines contain data for over 750 chemicals and 700 clothing products. Volume I provides the performance information and recommendations for selecting different types of protective clothing.« less

Maximum allowable exposure to different heat radiation levels in three types of heat protective clothing

PubMed Central

HEUS, Ronald; DENHARTOG, Emiel A.

2017-01-01

To determine safe working conditions in emergency situations at petro-chemical plants in the Netherlands a study was performed on three protective clothing combinations (operator’s, firefighter’s and aluminized). The clothing was evaluated at four different heat radiation levels (3.0, 4.6, 6.3 and 10.0 k∙W∙m−2) in standing and walking posture with a thermal manikin RadMan™. Time till pain threshold (43°C) is set as a cut-off criterion for regular activities. Operator’s clothing did not fulfil requirements to serve as protective clothing for necessary activities at heat radiation levels above 1.5 k∙W∙m−2 as was stated earlier by Den Hartog and Heus1). With firefighter’s clothing it was possible to work almost three min up to 4.6 k∙W∙m−2. At higher heat radiation levels firefighter’s clothing gave insufficient protection and aluminized clothing should be used. Maximum working times in aluminized clothing at 6.3 k∙W∙m−2 was about five min. At levels of 10.0 k∙W∙m−2 (emergency conditions) emergency responders should move immediately to lower heat radiation levels. PMID:28978903

Clothing Protection from Ultraviolet Radiation: A New Method for Assessment.

PubMed

Gage, Ryan; Leung, William; Stanley, James; Reeder, Anthony; Barr, Michelle; Chambers, Tim; Smith, Moira; Signal, Louise

2017-11-01

Clothing modifies ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure from the sun and has an impact on skin cancer risk and the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D. There is no standardized method available for assessing body surface area (BSA) covered by clothing, which limits generalizability between study findings. We calculated the body cover provided by 38 clothing items using diagrams of BSA, adjusting the values to account for differences in BSA by age. Diagrams displaying each clothing item were developed and incorporated into a coverage assessment procedure (CAP). Five assessors used the CAP and Lund & Browder chart, an existing method for estimating BSA, to calculate the clothing coverage of an image sample of 100 schoolchildren. Values of clothing coverage, inter-rater reliability and assessment time were compared between CAP and Lund & Browder methods. Both methods had excellent inter-rater reliability (>0.90) and returned comparable results, although the CAP method was significantly faster in determining a person's clothing coverage. On balance, the CAP method appears to be a feasible method for calculating clothing coverage. Its use could improve comparability between sun-safety studies and aid in quantifying the health effects of UVR exposure. © 2017 The American Society of Photobiology.

Nonthermal Quantum Channels as a Thermodynamical Resource.

PubMed

Navascués, Miguel; García-Pintos, Luis Pedro

2015-07-03

Quantum thermodynamics can be understood as a resource theory, whereby thermal states are free and the only allowed operations are unitary transformations commuting with the total Hamiltonian of the system. Previous literature on the subject has just focused on transformations between different state resources, overlooking the fact that quantum operations which do not commute with the total energy also constitute a potentially valuable resource. In this Letter, given a number of nonthermal quantum channels, we study the problem of how to integrate them in a thermal engine so as to distill a maximum amount of work. We find that, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of each channel, the distillable work is an additive function of the considered channels, computable for both finite dimensional quantum operations and bosonic channels. We apply our results to bound the amount of distillable work due to the natural nonthermal processes postulated in the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) collapse model. We find that, although GRW theory predicts the possibility of extracting work from the vacuum at no cost, the power which a collapse engine could, in principle, generate is extremely low.

Nonthermal Quantum Channels as a Thermodynamical Resource

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Navascués, Miguel; García-Pintos, Luis Pedro

2015-07-01

Quantum thermodynamics can be understood as a resource theory, whereby thermal states are free and the only allowed operations are unitary transformations commuting with the total Hamiltonian of the system. Previous literature on the subject has just focused on transformations between different state resources, overlooking the fact that quantum operations which do not commute with the total energy also constitute a potentially valuable resource. In this Letter, given a number of nonthermal quantum channels, we study the problem of how to integrate them in a thermal engine so as to distill a maximum amount of work. We find that, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of each channel, the distillable work is an additive function of the considered channels, computable for both finite dimensional quantum operations and bosonic channels. We apply our results to bound the amount of distillable work due to the natural nonthermal processes postulated in the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) collapse model. We find that, although GRW theory predicts the possibility of extracting work from the vacuum at no cost, the power which a collapse engine could, in principle, generate is extremely low.

Polar decomposition for attitude determination from vector observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y.

1993-01-01

This work treats the problem of weighted least squares fitting of a 3D Euclidean-coordinate transformation matrix to a set of unit vectors measured in the reference and transformed coordinates. A closed-form analytic solution to the problem is re-derived. The fact that the solution is the closest orthogonal matrix to some matrix defined on the measured vectors and their weights is clearly demonstrated. Several known algorithms for computing the analytic closed form solution are considered. An algorithm is discussed which is based on the polar decomposition of matrices into the closest unitary matrix to the decomposed matrix and a Hermitian matrix. A somewhat longer improved algorithm is suggested too. A comparison of several algorithms is carried out using simulated data as well as real data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The comparison is based on accuracy and time consumption. It is concluded that the algorithms based on polar decomposition yield a simple although somewhat less accurate solution. The precision of the latter algorithms increase with the number of the measured vectors and with the accuracy of their measurement.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guedes, Carlos; Oriti, Daniele; Raasakka, Matti

The phase space given by the cotangent bundle of a Lie group appears in the context of several models for physical systems. A representation for the quantum system in terms of non-commutative functions on the (dual) Lie algebra, and a generalized notion of (non-commutative) Fourier transform, different from standard harmonic analysis, has been recently developed, and found several applications, especially in the quantum gravity literature. We show that this algebra representation can be defined on the sole basis of a quantization map of the classical Poisson algebra, and identify the conditions for its existence. In particular, the corresponding non-commutative star-productmore » carried by this representation is obtained directly from the quantization map via deformation quantization. We then clarify under which conditions a unitary intertwiner between such algebra representation and the usual group representation can be constructed giving rise to the non-commutative plane waves and consequently, the non-commutative Fourier transform. The compact groups U(1) and SU(2) are considered for different choices of quantization maps, such as the symmetric and the Duflo map, and we exhibit the corresponding star-products, algebra representations, and non-commutative plane waves.« less

Effectively-truncated large-scale shell-model calculations and nuclei around 100Sn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gargano, A.; Coraggio, L.; Itaco, N.

2017-09-01

This paper presents a short overview of a procedure we have recently introduced, dubbed the double-step truncation method, which is aimed to reduce the computational complexity of large-scale shell-model calculations. Within this procedure, one starts with a realistic shell-model Hamiltonian defined in a large model space, and then, by analyzing the effective single particle energies of this Hamiltonian as a function of the number of valence protons and/or neutrons, reduced model spaces are identified containing only the single-particle orbitals relevant to the description of the spectroscopic properties of a certain class of nuclei. As a final step, new effective shell-model Hamiltonians defined within the reduced model spaces are derived by way of a unitary transformation of the original large-scale Hamiltonian. A detailed account of this transformation is given and the merit of the double-step truncation method is illustrated by discussing few selected results for 96Mo, described as four protons and four neutrons outside 88Sr. Some new preliminary results for light odd-tin isotopes from A = 101 to 107 are also reported.

General solution of the Dirac equation for quasi-two-dimensional electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eremko, Alexander, E-mail: eremko@bitp.kiev.ua; Brizhik, Larissa, E-mail: brizhik@bitp.kiev.ua; Loktev, Vadim, E-mail: vloktev@bitp.kiev.ua

2016-06-15

The general solution of the Dirac equation for quasi-two-dimensional electrons confined in an asymmetric quantum well, is found. The energy spectrum of such a system is exactly calculated using special unitary operator and is shown to depend on the electron spin polarization. This solution contains free parameters, whose variation continuously transforms one known particular solution into another. As an example, two different cases are considered in detail: electron in a deep and in a strongly asymmetric shallow quantum well. The effective mass renormalized by relativistic corrections and Bychkov–Rashba coefficients are analytically obtained for both cases. It is demonstrated that themore » general solution transforms to the particular solutions, found previously (Eremko et al., 2015) with the use of spin invariants. The general solution allows to establish conditions at which a specific (accompanied or non-accompanied by Rashba splitting) spin state can be realized. These results can prompt the ways to control the spin degree of freedom via the synthesis of spintronic heterostructures with the required properties.« less

Matrix elements for type 1 unitary irreducible representations of the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gould, Mark D.; Isaac, Phillip S.; Werry, Jason L.

Using our recent results on eigenvalues of invariants associated to the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n), we use characteristic identities to derive explicit matrix element formulae for all gl(m|n) generators, particularly non-elementary generators, on finite dimensional type 1 unitary irreducible representations. We compare our results with existing works that deal with only subsets of the class of type 1 unitary representations, all of which only present explicit matrix elements for elementary generators. Our work therefore provides an important extension to existing methods, and thus highlights the strength of our techniques which exploit the characteristic identities.

Study of optical techniques for the Ames unitary wind tunnel, part 7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, George

1993-01-01

A summary of optical techniques for the Ames Unitary Plan wind tunnels are discussed. Six optical techniques were studied: Schlieren, light sheet and laser vapor screen, angle of attack, model deformation, infrared imagery, and digital image processing. The study includes surveys and reviews of wind tunnel optical techniques, some conceptual designs, and recommendations for use of optical methods in the Ames Unitary Plan wind tunnels. Particular emphasis was placed on searching for systems developed for wind tunnel use and on commercial systems which could be readily adapted for wind tunnels. This final report is to summarize the major results and recommendations.

An exploration of the perception of time from the perspective of the Science of Unitary Human Beings.

PubMed

Ring, Marcia E

2009-01-01

What is time? The science of unitary human beings describes pandimensional reality as a domain without spatial or temporal attributes. As part of this pandimensional reality, unitary human beings experience time as passing, and involving the past, present, and future. The theory of accelerating evolution describes changes in human and environmental energy fields that are always accelerating and are manifested as differences in the experience of time as being slow, fast, and still. Time, be it measured or experienced, has no meaning in and of itself, but can only be understood in terms of the ever-evolving life process.

The unitary life pattern of persons experiencing serenity in recovery from alcohol and drug addiction.

PubMed

Rushing, Alison M

2008-01-01

People recovering from addiction to alcohol or drugs often acknowledge the need for complete change in life pattern orientation in a journey toward healing. Serenity is the hallmark of recovery according to the tenets of 12-step programs, but little is known about the actual experience of serenity in healing from addiction. From a perspective of unitary pattern appreciation and a method of unitary appreciative inquiry, this study explored the experience of serenity among 9 people recovering from alcohol and/or drug addiction. Results are portrayed in both individual and group profiles, depicted in a format that integrates empirical findings as poetry.

G-Consistent Subsets and Reduced Dynamical Quantum Maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceballos, Russell R.

A quantum system which evolves in time while interacting with an external environ- ment is said to be an open quantum system (OQS), and the influence of the environment on the unperturbed unitary evolution of the system generally leads to non-unitary dynamics. This kind of open system dynamical evolution has been typically modeled by a Standard Prescription (SP) which assumes that the state of the OQS is initially uncorrelated with the environment state. It is here shown that when a minimal set of physically motivated assumptions are adopted, not only does there exist constraints on the reduced dynamics of an OQS such that this SP does not always accurately describe the possible initial cor- relations existing between the OQS and environment, but such initial correlations, and even entanglement, can be witnessed when observing a particular class of reduced state transformations termed purity extractions are observed. Furthermore, as part of a more fundamental investigation to better understand the minimal set of assumptions required to formulate well defined reduced dynamical quantum maps, it is demonstrated that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of initial reduced states and the set of admissible initial system-environment composite states when G-consistency is enforced. Given the discussions surrounding the requirement of complete positivity and the reliance on the SP, the results presented here may well be found valuable for determining the ba- sic properties of reduced dynamical maps, and when restrictions on the OQS dynamics naturally emerge.

Hot melt adhesive attachment pad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, R. L.; Frizzill, A. W.; Little, B. D.; Progar, D. J.; Coultrip, R. H.; Couch, R. H.; Gleason, J. R.; Stein, B. A.; Buckley, J. D.; St.clair, T. L. (Inventor)

1984-01-01

A hot melt adhesive attachment pad for releasably securing distinct elements together is described which is particularly useful in the construction industry or a spatial vacuum environment. The attachment pad consists primarily of a cloth selectively impregnated with a charge of hot melt adhesive, a thermo-foil heater, and a thermo-cooler. These components are securely mounted in a mounting assembly. In operation, the operator activates the heating cycle transforming the hot melt adhesive to a substantially liquid state, positions the pad against the attachment surface, and activates the cooling cycle solidifying the adhesive and forming a strong, releasable bond.

Effect of clothing weight on body weight

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: In clinical settings, it is common to measure weight of clothed patients and estimate a correction for the weight of clothing, but we can find no papers in the medical literature regarding the variability in clothing weight with weather, season, and gender. Methods: Fifty adults (35 wom...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

46 CFR 153.933 - Chemical protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemical protective clothing. 153.933 Section 153.933... § 153.933 Chemical protective clothing. When table 1 refers to this section, the following apply: (a) The master shall ensure that the following chemical protective clothing constructed of materials...

77 FR 13887 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal... Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Washers AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and...) establishes new test procedures for residential clothes washers under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act...

28 CFR 97.16 - Clothing requirements for transported violent prisoners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clothing requirements for transported... transported violent prisoners. Companies covered under this part must ensure that all violent prisoners they transport are clothed in brightly colored clothing that clearly identifies them as violent prisoners, unless...

28 CFR 97.16 - Clothing requirements for transported violent prisoners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Clothing requirements for transported... transported violent prisoners. Companies covered under this part must ensure that all violent prisoners they transport are clothed in brightly colored clothing that clearly identifies them as violent prisoners, unless...

Clothing Deprivation Feelings of Three Adolescent Ethnic Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kness, Darlene

1983-01-01

Investigated clothing deprivation/satisfaction feelings of 301 Afro-, Anglo-, and Mexican-American adolescents and reported the development of a clothing satisfaction instrument. Clothing satisfaction was associated with social security and number of dresses for Anglo-Americans, with socioeconomic status and number of shoes for Mexican-Americans.…

Learning and Recognition of Clothing Genres From Full-Body Images.

PubMed

Hidayati, Shintami C; You, Chuang-Wen; Cheng, Wen-Huang; Hua, Kai-Lung

2018-05-01

According to the theory of clothing design, the genres of clothes can be recognized based on a set of visually differentiable style elements, which exhibit salient features of visual appearance and reflect high-level fashion styles for better describing clothing genres. Instead of using less-discriminative low-level features or ambiguous keywords to identify clothing genres, we proposed a novel approach for automatically classifying clothing genres based on the visually differentiable style elements. A set of style elements, that are crucial for recognizing specific visual styles of clothing genres, were identified based on the clothing design theory. In addition, the corresponding salient visual features of each style element were identified and formulated with variables that can be computationally derived with various computer vision algorithms. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, a dataset containing 3250 full-body shots crawled from popular online stores was built. Recognition results show that our proposed algorithms achieved promising overall precision, recall, and -score of 88.76%, 88.53%, and 88.64% for recognizing upperwear genres, and 88.21%, 88.17%, and 88.19% for recognizing lowerwear genres, respectively. The effectiveness of each style element and its visual features on recognizing clothing genres was demonstrated through a set of experiments involving different sets of style elements or features. In summary, our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in clothing genre recognition.

Spatial language, question type, and young children's ability to describe clothing: Legal and developmental implications.

PubMed

Stolzenberg, Stacia N; McWilliams, Kelly; Lyon, Thomas D

2017-08-01

Children's descriptions of clothing placement and touching with respect to clothing are central to assessing child sexual abuse allegations. This study examined children's ability to answer the types of questions attorneys and interviewers typically ask about clothing, using the most common spatial terms (on/off, outside/inside, over/under). Ninety-seven 3- to 6-year-olds were asked yes/no (e.g., "Is the shirt on?"), forced-choice (e.g., "Is the shirt on or off?"), open-choice (e.g., "Is the shirt on or off or something else?"), or where questions (e.g., "Where is the shirt?") about clothing using a human figurine, clothing, and stickers. Across question types, children generally did well with simple clothing or sticker placement (e.g., pants completely on), except for yes/no questions about "over," suggesting children had an underinclusive understanding of the word. When clothing or sticker placement was intermediate (e.g., pants around ankles, and therefore neither completely on nor off), children performed poorly except when asked where questions. A similar task using only stickers and boxes, analogous to forensic interviewers' assessments of children's understanding, was only weakly predictive of children's ability to describe clothing. The results suggest that common methods of questioning young children about clothing may lead to substantial misinterpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

24 CFR 3280.714 - Appliances, cooling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Systems § 3280.714 Appliances, cooling. (a) Every air conditioning unit or a combination air conditioning...) Mechanical air conditioners shall be rated in accordance with the ARI Standard 210/240-89 Unitary Air Conditioning and Air Source Unitary Heat Pump Equipment and certified by ARI or other nationally recognized...

24 CFR 3280.714 - Appliances, cooling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Systems § 3280.714 Appliances, cooling. (a) Every air conditioning unit or a combination air conditioning...) Mechanical air conditioners shall be rated in accordance with the ARI Standard 210/240-89 Unitary Air Conditioning and Air Source Unitary Heat Pump Equipment and certified by ARI or other nationally recognized...

Geometrically controlled evolution of four-qubit states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duy, Hoang Ngoc; Heydari, Hoshang

2011-03-01

In this paper the evolution of some states of four qubits in [1] under global bipartite unitary operation and controlled by local unitary operation using four-tangle [2] and the geometric invariants [3] is investigated. Particularly the entanglement distribution and properties of these four-qubit states are studied.

Allergens retained in clothing.

PubMed

Nedorost, Susan; Kessler, Margaret; McCormick, Thomas

2007-12-01

Some patients state compliance with avoidance of identified allergens, yet have persistent dermatitis in areas under tight-fitting clothing. To analyze a series of such cases to identify allergens most likely retained in clothing. Review of contact dermatitis clinic cases and identification of type and formula weight of allergens involved. High-formula-weight allergens and allergens present in medicament ointments are difficult to dissolve in laundry detergent and water and may be retained in clothing. Retention of allergens in clothing, even after washing, may explain recalcitrant dermatitis in a patient who states compliance with avoidance of a seemingly relevant allergen. Dermatologists should consider the possibility of allergen retention in clothing whenever a patient has only partial clearing after at least 1 month of attempted compliance with avoidance of identified allergens. Purchase of new clothing may be required to clear allergic contact dermatitis in this situation.

Dynamical Localization for Unitary Anderson Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamza, Eman; Joye, Alain; Stolz, Günter

2009-11-01

This paper establishes dynamical localization properties of certain families of unitary random operators on the d-dimensional lattice in various regimes. These operators are generalizations of one-dimensional physical models of quantum transport and draw their name from the analogy with the discrete Anderson model of solid state physics. They consist in a product of a deterministic unitary operator and a random unitary operator. The deterministic operator has a band structure, is absolutely continuous and plays the role of the discrete Laplacian. The random operator is diagonal with elements given by i.i.d. random phases distributed according to some absolutely continuous measure and plays the role of the random potential. In dimension one, these operators belong to the family of CMV-matrices in the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. We implement the method of Aizenman-Molchanov to prove exponential decay of the fractional moments of the Green function for the unitary Anderson model in the following three regimes: In any dimension, throughout the spectrum at large disorder and near the band edges at arbitrary disorder and, in dimension one, throughout the spectrum at arbitrary disorder. We also prove that exponential decay of fractional moments of the Green function implies dynamical localization, which in turn implies spectral localization. These results complete the analogy with the self-adjoint case where dynamical localization is known to be true in the same three regimes.

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

46 CFR 160.176-4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method—160.176-13 (2) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method—160.176-13 (3) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method—160.176-13 (4) Method 5804.1, Weathering Resistance of Cloth; Accelerated Weathering Method—160.176-8 (5...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

16 CFR 300.29 - Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. 300.29 Section 300.29 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION... Labeling § 300.29 Garments or products composed of or containing miscellaneous cloth scraps. (a) For wool products which consist of, or are made from, miscellaneous cloth scraps comprising manufacturing by...

76 FR 22453 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-21

.... These impacts continue well beyond 2100. Table I-3 shows the annualized values for the clothes dryer... Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and Room Air Conditioners... 1904-AA89 Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Clothes Dryers and...

75 FR 5578 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request-Flammability Standards for Clothing Textiles and Vinyl...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... Standards for Clothing Textiles and Vinyl Plastic Film AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION... Commission's flammability standards for clothing textiles and vinyl plastic film. DATES: Written comments on... collection requirements should be captioned ``Clothing Textiles and Film, Collection of Information'' and...

Clothing and Textile Student Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Vocational Education.

Forty-seven performance-based instructional modules on six major topics are provided for the home economics content area of clothing and textiles. The six topics are (1) planning basics (psychological, physical, social, and behavioral aspects of clothing; elements of design; principles of design; and style and fashion in clothing), (2) buyership…

46 CFR 197.555 - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Personal protective clothing and equipment. 197.555... SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.555 Personal protective clothing and equipment. (a) When the use of respirators in compliance with § 197.550 and the personal protective clothing...

46 CFR 197.555 - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Personal protective clothing and equipment. 197.555... SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.555 Personal protective clothing and equipment. (a) When the use of respirators in compliance with § 197.550 and the personal protective clothing...

[Resources on Clothing for Persons with Special Needs].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

P.R.I.D.E. Foundation, Inc., Groton, CT.

The resource guide to the modification of clothing for disabled individuals suggests solutions to clothing, grooming, and home management problems for a variety of handicapping conditions. Services of PRIDE (Promote Real Independence for the Disabled and Elderly) are noted, including manuals on clothing for the disabled, a workshop, a curriculum…

Clothing factors and vaginitis.

PubMed

Heidrich, F E; Berg, A O; Bergman, J J

1984-10-01

Associations of clothing factors and vulvovaginal symptoms, signs, and microbiology were sought in 203 women seeking care at a university family medicine clinic. Clothing factors studied were use of panty hose, underwear for sleep, cotton lining panels, and pants vs skirts. Women wearing and not wearing panty hose had similar rates of vaginitis symptoms and signs, but yeast vaginitis was about three times more common among wearers. Relationships of other clothing factors to vaginitis were not found. Nonspecific vaginitis was not found to be related to clothing.

Establishing the Unitary Classroom: Organizational Change and School Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Elizabeth M.; True, Joan H.

1980-01-01

This paper examines the organizational changes introduced in two elementary schools to create unitary (desegregated) classrooms. The different models adopted by the two schools--departmentalization and team teaching--are considered as expressions of their patterns of interaction, behavior, and values. (Part of a theme issue on educational…

ARC-2006-ACD06-0213-011

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-10-03

Ames and Moffett Field (MFA) historical sites and memorials Unitary Plan Wind Tunned plaza; display and historical site plaques with the NASA logo on the Wind Tunnel valve as a backdrop. shown is the Unitary International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark Dedication plaque (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) May 5, 1995

IRBM in Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel

NASA Image and Video Library

1957-09-07

L57-700 In the reentry flight path of this nose cone model of a Jupiter Intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) was tested in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Photograph published in Engineer in Charge: A History of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, 1917-1958 by James R. Hansen. Page 475.

Prevention of Child Abuse: Theory, Myth, Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newberger, Eli H.; Newberger, Carolyn Moore

Child abuse is discussed in terms of theory which when realized may lead to more effective primary and secondary prevention efforts. Theoretical explanations of child abuse are classified as either unitary or interactive. Unitary theories (psychological, sociological, and legal views of behavior) are considered deficient; none is capable of…

Comparison of Observed Beta Cloth Interactions with Simulated and Actual Space Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamenetzy, R. R.; Finckenor, M. M.

1999-01-01

A common component of multilayer insulation blankets is beta cloth, a woven fiberglass cloth impregnated with Teflon(TM). It is planned for extensive use on the International Space Station. The Environmental Etl'ects Group of the Marshall Space Flight Center Materials, Processing, and Manufacturing Department has investigated the impact of atomic oxygen (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the optical properties of plain and aluminized beta cloth. both in the laboratory and as part of long-duration flight experiments. These investigations indicate that beta cloth is susceptible to darkening in the presence of UV radiation, dependent on the additives used. AO interactions resulted in bleaching of the beta cloth.

Fatal asphyxiations in children involving drawstrings on clothing.

PubMed Central

Petruk, J; Shields, E; Cummings, G E; Francescutti, L H

1996-01-01

Injuries account for more deaths and hospital admissions among children and adolescents than all diseases combined. The authors report two deaths by asphyxiation that resulted from drawstrings on the children's clothing becoming entangled on slides. Although such incidents are not common, they are preventable. The authors urge physicians to counsel parents and guardians to remove drawstrings from children's clothing, and they call upon the government and the clothing industry to work toward improving the safety standards for the design, manufacture and importation of children's clothing and banning the sale of children's clothing with drawstrings in Canada. In addition, they provide several resources for readers interested in helping reduce playground hazards in their communities. PMID:8943929

Horizontal/Vertical Stock Fund Cost Comparison

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-01

units. Installation Supply Division account and other instal- lation operated activities: Self -Service Supply Store, Clothing Initial...installation supply operations are the Self -Service Supply Center, Clothing Sales Store, Central Issue Facility, and Clothing Initial Issue Point. Stock- age...stocks, stocks for installation operated supply activities such as the Self Service Supply Store, Clothing Sales Store and

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

10 CFR 429.21 - Residential clothes dryers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Residential clothes dryers. 429.21 Section 429.21 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.21 Residential clothes dryers. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to clothes dryers; and (2...

78 FR 35875 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request: Clothing Textiles...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... Information Collection; Comment Request: Clothing Textiles, Vinyl Plastic Film AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety... Clothing Textiles (16 CFR part 1610) and the Standard for the Flammability of Vinyl Plastic Film (16 CFR... vinyl plastic film and vinyl plastic film intended for use in clothing (except children's sleepwear in...

The Right Stuff: Fashioning an Identity through Clothing in a Junior School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swain, Jon

2002-01-01

Explored the role of clothing in expressing individual and collective identity among preadolescent English students. Results found that a relaxed enforcement of school uniforms created space for students to use clothing to gain recognition, generate common bonds, and share interests within peer groups. Clothing and footwear were used as an…

Spin Number Coherent States and the Problem of Two Coupled Oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojeda-Guillén, D.; Mota, R. D.; Granados, V. D.

2015-07-01

From the definition of the standard Perelomov coherent states we introduce the Perelomov number coherent states for any su(2) Lie algebra. With the displacement operator we apply a similarity transformation to the su(2) generators and construct a new set of operators which also close the su(2) Lie algebra, being the Perelomov number coherent states the new basis for its unitary irreducible representation. We apply our results to obtain the energy spectrum, the eigenstates and the partition function of two coupled oscillators. We show that the eigenstates of two coupled oscillators are the SU(2) Perelomov number coherent states of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an appropriate choice of the coherent state parameters. Supported by SNI-México, COFAA-IPN, EDD-IPN, EDI-IPN, SIP-IPN Project No. 20150935

Repeatability of measurements: Non-Hermitian observables and quantum Coriolis force

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gardas, Bartłomiej; Deffner, Sebastian; Saxena, Avadh

A noncommuting measurement transfers, via the apparatus, information encoded in a system's state to the external “observer.” Classical measurements determine properties of physical objects. In the quantum realm, the very same notion restricts the recording process to orthogonal states as only those are distinguishable by measurements. Thus, even a possibility to describe physical reality by means of non-Hermitian operators should volens nolens be excluded as their eigenstates are not orthogonal. We show that non-Hermitian operators with real spectra can be treated within the standard framework of quantum mechanics. Further, we propose a quantum canonical transformation that maps Hermitian systems ontomore » non-Hermitian ones. Similar to classical inertial forces this map is accompanied by an energetic cost, pinning the system on the unitary path.« less

Repeatability of measurements: Non-Hermitian observables and quantum Coriolis force

DOE PAGES

Gardas, Bartłomiej; Deffner, Sebastian; Saxena, Avadh

2016-08-26

A noncommuting measurement transfers, via the apparatus, information encoded in a system's state to the external “observer.” Classical measurements determine properties of physical objects. In the quantum realm, the very same notion restricts the recording process to orthogonal states as only those are distinguishable by measurements. Thus, even a possibility to describe physical reality by means of non-Hermitian operators should volens nolens be excluded as their eigenstates are not orthogonal. We show that non-Hermitian operators with real spectra can be treated within the standard framework of quantum mechanics. Further, we propose a quantum canonical transformation that maps Hermitian systems ontomore » non-Hermitian ones. Similar to classical inertial forces this map is accompanied by an energetic cost, pinning the system on the unitary path.« less

Importance of counter-rotating coupling in the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator quantum phase transition of light in the Jaynes-Cummings lattice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zheng Hang; Takada, Yasutami

2011-10-15

The quantum phase transition between Mott insulator and superfluid is studied in the two-dimensional Jaynes-Cummings square lattice in which the counter-rotating coupling (CRC) is included. Both the ground state and the spectra of low-lying excitations are obtained with use of a sophisticated unitary transformation. This CRC is shown not only to induce a long-range interaction between cavities, favoring the long-range superfluid order, but also to break the conservation of local polariton number at each site, leading to the absence of the Mott lobes in the phase diagram, in sharp contrast with the case without the CRC as well as thatmore » of the Bose-Hubbard model.« less

Distillability sudden death in qutrit-qutrit systems under global and multilocal dephasing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ali, Mazhar

2010-04-15

Recently Song et al. [Phys. Rev. A 80, 012331 (2009)] discovered that certain two-qutrit entangled states interacting with multilocal dephasing undergo distillability sudden death (DSD). We generalized their studies for quantum states under global, collective, and multilocal dephasing. We found that for a specific family of quantum states DSD and entanglement sudden death may happen under global dephasing as well as under multilocal dephasing. Moreover, for these states simple local unitary transformations may not avoid DSD under the current dynamics. As there is no definitive criterion for separability or entanglement of density matrices with dimensions greater than six, therefore wemore » believe that the results obtained in this article are restricted to the specific family of states considered here.« less

Gaussian discriminating strength

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rigovacca, L.; Farace, A.; De Pasquale, A.; Giovannetti, V.

2015-10-01

We present a quantifier of nonclassical correlations for bipartite, multimode Gaussian states. It is derived from the Discriminating Strength measure, introduced for finite dimensional systems in Farace et al., [New J. Phys. 16, 073010 (2014), 10.1088/1367-2630/16/7/073010]. As the latter the new measure exploits the quantum Chernoff bound to gauge the susceptibility of the composite system with respect to local perturbations induced by unitary gates extracted from a suitable set of allowed transformations (the latter being identified by posing some general requirements). Closed expressions are provided for the case of two-mode Gaussian states obtained by squeezing or by linearly mixing via a beam splitter a factorized two-mode thermal state. For these density matrices, we study how nonclassical correlations are related with the entanglement present in the system and with its total photon number.

Procedural Quantum Programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ömer, Bernhard

2002-09-01

While classical computing science has developed a variety of methods and programming languages around the concept of the universal computer, the typical description of quantum algorithms still uses a purely mathematical, non-constructive formalism which makes no difference between a hydrogen atom and a quantum computer. This paper investigates, how the concept of procedural programming languages, the most widely used classical formalism for describing and implementing algorithms, can be adopted to the field of quantum computing, and how non-classical features like the reversibility of unitary transformations, the non-observability of quantum states or the lack of copy and erase operations can be reflected semantically. It introduces the key concepts of procedural quantum programming (hybrid target architecture, operator hierarchy, quantum data types, memory management, etc.) and presents the experimental language QCL, which implements these principles.

Testing fungus impregnated cloths for the control of adult Aedes aegypti under natural conditions.

PubMed

Paula, Adriano R; Carolino, Aline T; Silva, Carlos P; Pereira, César R; Samuels, Richard I

2013-09-08

Entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Here the efficiency of fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [IMI]) was evaluated against adult A. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. Behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. When mosquitoes were released into the test rooms, the lowest survival rates (38%) were seen when five black cloths impregnated with conidia of ESALQ 818 + 10 ppm IMI were fixed under tables and chairs. This result was significantly lower than the survival rate recorded when cloths were impregnated with ESALQ 818 alone (44%) or ESALQ 818 + 0.1 ppm IMI (43%). Blood fed A. aegypti had lower landing frequencies on black cloths than sucrose fed insects during the first 24 h following feeding, which may have been due to reduced flight activity. Few mosquitoes (4-5%) were observed to land on the cloths during the hours of darkness. The landing pattern of sucrose-fed mosquitoes on non-treated and fungus-treated cloths was similar. The synergism between M. anisopliae and IMI significantly reduced Aedes survival in simulated field conditions. The use of fungus impregnated cloths is a promising point source application method for the control of adult A. aegypti.

Correction of the heat loss method for calculating clothing real evaporative resistance.

PubMed

Wang, Faming; Zhang, Chengjiao; Lu, Yehu

2015-08-01

In the so-called isothermal condition (i.e., Tair [air temperature]=Tmanikin [manikin temperature]=Tr [radiant temperature]), the actual energy used for moisture evaporation detected by most sweating manikins was underestimated due to the uncontrolled fabric 'skin' temperature Tsk,f (i.e., Tsk,f

Effect of Clothing on Measurement of Bone Mineral Density.

PubMed

McNamara, Elizabeth A; Feldman, Anna Z; Malabanan, Alan O; Abate, Ejigayehu G; Whittaker, LaTarsha G; Yano-Litwin, Amanda; Dorazio, Jolene; Rosen, Harold N

2016-01-01

It is unknown whether allowing patients to have BMD (bone mineral density) studies acquired while wearing radiolucent clothing adlib contributes appreciably to the measurement error seen. To examine this question, a spine phantom was scanned 30 times without any clothing, while draped with a gown, and while draped with heavy winter clothing. The effect on mean BMD and on SD (standard deviation) was assessed. The effect of clothing on mean or SD of the area was not significant. The effect of clothing on mean and SD for BMD was small but significant and was around 1.6% for the mean. However, the effect on BMD precision was much more clinically important. Without clothing the spine phantom had an least significant change of 0.0077 gm/cm(2), while when introducing variability of clothing the least significant change rose as high as 0.0305 gm/cm(2). We conclude that, adding clothing to the spine phantom had a small but statistically significant effect on the mean BMD and on variance of the measurement. It is unlikely that the effect on mean BMD has any clinical significance, but the effect on the reproducibility (precision) of the result is likely clinically significant. Copyright © 2016 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EPRI Guide to Managing Nuclear Utility Protective Clothing Programs. PCEVAL User`s Manual, A computer code for evaluating the economics of nuclear plant protective clothing programs: Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, J.J.; Kelly, D.M.

1993-10-01

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) commissioned a radioactive waste related project (RP2414-34) in 1989 to produce a guide for developing and managing nuclear plant protective clothing programs. Every nuclear facility must coordinate some type of protective clothing program for its radiation workers to ensure proper and safe protection for the wearer and to maintain control over the spread of contamination. Yet, every nuclear facility has developed its own unique program for managing such clothing. Accordingly, a need existed for a reference guide to assist with standardizing protective clothing programs and in controlling the potentially escalating economics of such programs.more » The initial Guide to Managing Nuclear Utility Protective Clothing Programs, NP-7309, was published in May 1991. Since that time, a number of utilities have reviewed and/or used the report to enhance their protective clothing programs. Some of these utilities requested that a computer program be developed to assist utilities in evaluating the economics of protective clothing programs consistent with the guidance in NP-7309. The PCEVAL computer code responds to that industry need. This report, the PCEVAL User`s Manual, provides detailed instruction on use of the software.« less

Learning process in fashion design students: link with industry and social media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marques, A. D.; Moschatou, A.

2017-10-01

Portugal is today an important player in the European fashion industry. The Portuguese footwear industry, “low-tech”, mature and traditional, dominated by SMEs, is also a success case in the Portuguese economy. With own brands, own collections and own products, the quality, innovation and international image of the Portuguese clothes, accessories and shoes is increasing year by year in the most sophisticated markets worldwide. The new information economy and social media presents a new set of opportunities and threats to established companies, new challenges and new markets, and demanding to all the companies to rethink their strategy and to prepare new business plans. Portuguese companies in the fashion industry are starting to perceive that the brand’s transition to social media means a transformation of the customer relationship, wherein social media and the community members is an ally of the brand and not an “audience”. Also the universities are preparing new professionals to the fashion industry and the learning process has to be managed according these new challenges. And the University of Minho has the Bachelor in Fashion Design and Marketing, an excellent course to prepare new skills to these fashion companies: textile, clothing and footwear industries.

Detection of Electrocardiogram by Electrodes with Fabrics Using Capacitive Coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ueno, Akinori; Furusawa, Yoichi; Hoshino, Hiroshi; Ishiyama, Yoji

This article reports on a novel technique for detecting electrocardiogram (ECG) at a condition where thin cloth is interpolated between sensing electrodes and the skin to which the electrodes are attached. The technique is based upon capacitive coupling composed of the electrode, the cloth and the skin, so that the electrode can lead alternating electrocardiographic current through capacitance of the coupling. The technique is also founded on impedance transforming circuit that has extremely high input impedance around 1000GΩ and low output impedance, so as to match high output impedance of the electrode to low input impedance required by subsequent circuitry. A pilot ECG measuring device was manufactured using the technique and experiments showed (1) ECG recordings using the device with silk of 240μm thickness or with cotton of 564μm thickness were quite similar to ECGs recorded from the skin using conventional system, (2) stable ECGs were observed with the silk below 600μm thickness or with the cotton below 1128μm thickness, (3) effects of long-term measurement and perspiration on ECG waveform were negligible. These results prove feasibility of the proposed technique for detecting ECG by electrodes with fabrics.

Analysis of debris from Spacelab Space Life Sciences-1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caruso, S. V.; Rodgers, E. B.; Huff, T. L.

1992-07-01

Airborne microbiological and particulate contamination generated aboard Spacelab modules is a potential safety hazard. In order to shed light on the characteristics of these contaminants, microbial and chemical/particulate analyses were performed on debris vacuumed from cabin and avionics air filters in the Space Life Sciences-1 (SLS-1) module of the Space Transportation System 40 (STS-40) mission 1 month after landing. The debris was sorted into categories (e.g., metal, nonmetal, hair/fur, synthetic fibers, food particles, insect fragments, etc.). Elemental analysis of particles was done by energy dispersive analysis of x rays (metals) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nonmetals). Scanning electron micrographs were done of most particles. Microbiological samples were grown on R2A culture medium and identified. Clothing fibers dominated the debris by volume. Other particles, all attributed to the crew, resulted from abrasions and impacts during missions operations (e.g., paint chips, plastic, electronic scraps and clothing fibers). All bacterial species identified are commonly found in the atmosphere or on the human body. Bacillus sp. was the most frequently seen bacterium. One of the bacterial species, Enterobacter agglomerans, could cause illness in crew members with depressed immune systems.

Analysis of debris from Spacelab Space Life Sciences-1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caruso, S. V.; Rodgers, E. B.; Huff, T. L.

1992-01-01

Airborne microbiological and particulate contamination generated aboard Spacelab modules is a potential safety hazard. In order to shed light on the characteristics of these contaminants, microbial and chemical/particulate analyses were performed on debris vacuumed from cabin and avionics air filters in the Space Life Sciences-1 (SLS-1) module of the Space Transportation System 40 (STS-40) mission 1 month after landing. The debris was sorted into categories (e.g., metal, nonmetal, hair/fur, synthetic fibers, food particles, insect fragments, etc.). Elemental analysis of particles was done by energy dispersive analysis of x rays (metals) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nonmetals). Scanning electron micrographs were done of most particles. Microbiological samples were grown on R2A culture medium and identified. Clothing fibers dominated the debris by volume. Other particles, all attributed to the crew, resulted from abrasions and impacts during missions operations (e.g., paint chips, plastic, electronic scraps and clothing fibers). All bacterial species identified are commonly found in the atmosphere or on the human body. Bacillus sp. was the most frequently seen bacterium. One of the bacterial species, Enterobacter agglomerans, could cause illness in crew members with depressed immune systems.

Guidelines for the selection of chemical-protective clothing. Volume 2. Technical and reference manual. (3rd Edition). Report for January 1985-March 1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwope, A.D.; Costas, P.P.; Jackson, J.O.

1987-02-01

A variety of protective-clothing items are commercially available for emergency response and other applications where chemical hazards may be encountered. Data and information for selecting chemical-protective clothing is either not available or is inconsistant from source to source. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the development of chemical-protective clothing selection guidelines to assist their own Office of Health and Safety in providing guidance to personnel, primarily EPA employees and contractors, working on hazardous-waste sites. These guidelines allowed a user to select an appropriate protective material for a specific chemical, select a clothing item (glove, suit, etc.), and thenmore » determine which manufacturers offered the clothing item in the recommended material. The U.S, Coast Guard Office of Research and Development and the EPA have supplemented these guidelines with additional data on material chemical resistance, material physical properties, clothing design features, and specific-vendor products. A chapter has been added for selecting chemical-protective suits. These guidelines contain data for over 750 chemicals and 700 clothing products. Volume I provides performance information and recommendations for selecting different types of protective clothing. Volume II contains a detailed technical discussion, and the data on which Volume I recommendations are based. The U.S. Coast Guard intends to use these guidelines for protective-clothing selection by its National Strike Force and Marine Safety Offices.« less

Performance of a water suction system using hydrophilic fibrous cloth under low gravity and microgravity in parabolic flight.

PubMed

Tani, A; Saito, T; Kitaya, Y; Takahashi, H; Goto, E

2000-06-01

For suction of water from a water supply vessel including both water and air under microgravity and g-jitter conditions, a water suction system using hydrophilic fibrous cloth was developed and its performance was evaluated at 0.01-0.02 g-realized for 20 s by parabolic flight in an aircraft. Vessels used for the experiment were glass flasks and had a suction port for suction filtration. A piece of hydrophilic fibrous cloth was arranged along the inner surface of the vessels and the end was fixed to the suction port of the vessels. In vessel without hydrophilic cloths and containing 220 mL of water, the water did not move more than 5 mm along the inner surface and did not reach the suction port under low gravity. When hydrophilic cloths were used, on the other hand, water gathered onto the cloth surface, moved up along the cloth and reached the suction port under low gravity. The amount of water sucked from vessels varied with the amount of water in the vessel and the sectional area of hydrophilic cloths. When the vessels including both water and air were flown during parabolic flight (10(-4) g), water in the vessel moved along the cloth and a water film was formed on the cloth. These results indicated that it is possible to suck water using the fibrous cloth suction system under low gravity and microgravity conditions. Under low gravity conditions, it was difficult to suck water only. However, it is not necessary to separate water from air when the system is used for supplying water to plant root medium consisting of both liquid and gas phases.

Potential applications of smart clothing solutions in health care and personal protection.

PubMed

Meinander, Harriet; Honkala, Markku

2004-01-01

The rapid development in the fields of sensor and telecommunication technologies has created completely new possibilities also for the textile and clothing field. New smart textile and clothing systems can be developed by integrating sensors in the textile constructions. Application fields for these added-value products are e.g. protective clothing for extreme environments, garments for the health care sector, technical textiles, sport and leisure wear. Some products have already been introduced on the markets, but generally it can be stated that the development is only in its starting phase, and the expectations for the future are big. Many different aspects have to be considered in the development of the wearable technology products for the health care sector: medical problems and their diagnosis, sensor choice, data processing and telecommunication solutions, clothing requirements. A functional product can be achieved only if all aspects work together, and therefore experts from all fields should participate in the RTD projects. In the EC-funded project DE3002 Easytex clothing and textiles for disabled and elderly people were investigated. Some recommendations concerning durability, appearance, comfort, service and safety of products for different special user groups were defined, based on user questionnaires and seminars, general textile and clothing requirements and on laboratory test series."Clothing Area Network--Clan" is a research project aiming to develop a technical concept and technology needed in enabling both wired and wireless data and power transfer between different intelligent modules (user interfaces, sensors, CPU's, batteries etc.) integrated into a smart clothing system. Fire-fighters clothing system is chosen as the development platform, being a very challenging application from which the developed technology can be transferred to other protective clothing systems.

Flip flops, dress clothes, and no coat: clothing barriers to children's physical activity in child-care centers identified from a qualitative study

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Three-quarters of 3-6 year-old children in the U.S. spend time in childcare; many spend most of their waking hours in these settings. Daily physical activity offers numerous health benefits, but activity levels vary widely across centers. This study was undertaken to explore reasons why physical activity levels may vary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize an unexpected finding that child-care providers cited was a key barrier to children's physical activity. Methods Nine focus groups with 49 child-care providers (55% black) from 34 centers (including inner-city, suburban, Head Start and Montessori) were conducted in Cincinnati, OH. Three independent raters analyzed verbatim transcripts for themes. Several techniques were used to increase credibility of findings, including interviews with 13 caregivers. Results Two major themes about clothing were: 1) children's clothing was a barrier to children's physical activity in child-care, and 2) clothing choices were a significant source of conflict between parents and child-care providers. Inappropriate clothing items included: no coat/hat/gloves in the wintertime, flip flops or sandals, dress/expensive clothes, jewelry, and clothes that were either too loose or too tight. Child-care providers explained that unless there were enough extra coats at the center, a single child without a coat could prevent the entire class from going outside. Caregivers suggested several reasons why parents may dress their child inappropriately, including forgetfulness, a rushed morning routine, limited income to buy clothes, a child's preference for a favorite item, and parents not understanding the importance of outdoor play. Several child-care providers favored specific policies prohibiting inappropriate clothing, as many reported limited success with verbal or written reminders to bring appropriate clothing. Conclusion Inappropriate clothing may be an important barrier to children's physical activity in child-care settings, particularly if the clothing of a few children preclude physical activity for the remaining children. Center directors and policy makers should consider devising clear and specific policies for the types of clothing that will be permitted in these settings so that children's active play opportunities are not curtailed. To enhance compliance, parents may need education about the importance and benefits of active play for children's development. PMID:19895677

Flip flops, dress clothes, and no coat: clothing barriers to children's physical activity in child-care centers identified from a qualitative study.

PubMed

Copeland, Kristen A; Sherman, Susan N; Kendeigh, Cassandra A; Saelens, Brian E; Kalkwarf, Heidi J

2009-11-06

Three-quarters of 3-6 year-old children in the U.S. spend time in childcare; many spend most of their waking hours in these settings. Daily physical activity offers numerous health benefits, but activity levels vary widely across centers. This study was undertaken to explore reasons why physical activity levels may vary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize an unexpected finding that child-care providers cited was a key barrier to children's physical activity. Nine focus groups with 49 child-care providers (55% black) from 34 centers (including inner-city, suburban, Head Start and Montessori) were conducted in Cincinnati, OH. Three independent raters analyzed verbatim transcripts for themes. Several techniques were used to increase credibility of findings, including interviews with 13 caregivers. Two major themes about clothing were: 1) children's clothing was a barrier to children's physical activity in child-care, and 2) clothing choices were a significant source of conflict between parents and child-care providers. Inappropriate clothing items included: no coat/hat/gloves in the wintertime, flip flops or sandals, dress/expensive clothes, jewelry, and clothes that were either too loose or too tight. Child-care providers explained that unless there were enough extra coats at the center, a single child without a coat could prevent the entire class from going outside. Caregivers suggested several reasons why parents may dress their child inappropriately, including forgetfulness, a rushed morning routine, limited income to buy clothes, a child's preference for a favorite item, and parents not understanding the importance of outdoor play. Several child-care providers favored specific policies prohibiting inappropriate clothing, as many reported limited success with verbal or written reminders to bring appropriate clothing. Inappropriate clothing may be an important barrier to children's physical activity in child-care settings, particularly if the clothing of a few children preclude physical activity for the remaining children. Center directors and policy makers should consider devising clear and specific policies for the types of clothing that will be permitted in these settings so that children's active play opportunities are not curtailed. To enhance compliance, parents may need education about the importance and benefits of active play for children's development.

Personal Protection of Permethrin-Treated Clothing against Aedes aegypti, the Vector of Dengue and Zika Virus, in the Laboratory

PubMed Central

Orsborne, James; DeRaedt Banks, Sarah; Hendy, Adam; Gezan, Salvador A.; Kaur, Harparkash; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Lindsay, Steve W.; Logan, James G.

2016-01-01

Background The dengue and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are most active during day light hours and feed both in and outside of the household. Personal protection technologies such as insecticide-treated clothing could provide individual protection. Here we assessed the efficacy of permethrin-treated clothing on personal protection in the laboratory. Methods The effect of washing on treated clothing, skin coverage and protection against resistant and susceptible Ae. aegypti was assessed using modified WHO arm-in-cage assays. Coverage was further assessed using free-flight room tests to investigate the protective efficacy of unwashed factory-dipped permethrin-treated clothing. Clothing was worn as full coverage (long sleeves and trousers) and partial coverage (short sleeves and shorts). Residual permethrin on the skin and its effect on mosquitoes was measured using modified WHO cone assays and quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results In the arm-in-cage assays, unwashed clothing reduced landing by 58.9% (95% CI 49.2–66.9) and biting by 28.5% (95% CI 22.5–34.0), but reduced to 18.5% (95% CI 14.7–22.3) and 11.1% (95% CI 8.5–13.8) respectively after 10 washes. Landing and biting for resistant and susceptible strains was not significantly different (p<0.05). In free-flight room tests, full coverage treated clothing reduced landing by 24.3% (95% CI 17.4–31.7) and biting by 91% (95% CI 82.2–95.9) with partial coverage reducing landing and biting by 26.4% (95% CI 20.3–31.2) and 49.3% (95% CI 42.1–59.1) respectively with coverage type having no significant difference on landing (p<0.05). Residual permethrin was present on the skin in low amounts (0.0041mg/cm2), but still produced a KD of >80% one hour after wearing treated clothing. Conclusion Whilst partially covering the body with permethrin-treated clothing provided some protection against biting, wearing treated clothing with long sleeves and trousers provided the highest form of protection. Washing treated clothing dramatically reduced protection provided. Permethrin-treated clothing could provide protection to individuals from Ae. aegypti that show permethrin resistance. Additionally, it could continue to provide protection even after the clothing has been worn. Field trials are urgently needed to determine whether clothing can protect against dengue and Zika. PMID:27187593

Personal Protection of Permethrin-Treated Clothing against Aedes aegypti, the Vector of Dengue and Zika Virus, in the Laboratory.

PubMed

Orsborne, James; DeRaedt Banks, Sarah; Hendy, Adam; Gezan, Salvador A; Kaur, Harparkash; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Lindsay, Steve W; Logan, James G

2016-01-01

The dengue and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are most active during day light hours and feed both in and outside of the household. Personal protection technologies such as insecticide-treated clothing could provide individual protection. Here we assessed the efficacy of permethrin-treated clothing on personal protection in the laboratory. The effect of washing on treated clothing, skin coverage and protection against resistant and susceptible Ae. aegypti was assessed using modified WHO arm-in-cage assays. Coverage was further assessed using free-flight room tests to investigate the protective efficacy of unwashed factory-dipped permethrin-treated clothing. Clothing was worn as full coverage (long sleeves and trousers) and partial coverage (short sleeves and shorts). Residual permethrin on the skin and its effect on mosquitoes was measured using modified WHO cone assays and quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. In the arm-in-cage assays, unwashed clothing reduced landing by 58.9% (95% CI 49.2-66.9) and biting by 28.5% (95% CI 22.5-34.0), but reduced to 18.5% (95% CI 14.7-22.3) and 11.1% (95% CI 8.5-13.8) respectively after 10 washes. Landing and biting for resistant and susceptible strains was not significantly different (p<0.05). In free-flight room tests, full coverage treated clothing reduced landing by 24.3% (95% CI 17.4-31.7) and biting by 91% (95% CI 82.2-95.9) with partial coverage reducing landing and biting by 26.4% (95% CI 20.3-31.2) and 49.3% (95% CI 42.1-59.1) respectively with coverage type having no significant difference on landing (p<0.05). Residual permethrin was present on the skin in low amounts (0.0041mg/cm2), but still produced a KD of >80% one hour after wearing treated clothing. Whilst partially covering the body with permethrin-treated clothing provided some protection against biting, wearing treated clothing with long sleeves and trousers provided the highest form of protection. Washing treated clothing dramatically reduced protection provided. Permethrin-treated clothing could provide protection to individuals from Ae. aegypti that show permethrin resistance. Additionally, it could continue to provide protection even after the clothing has been worn. Field trials are urgently needed to determine whether clothing can protect against dengue and Zika.

The second law of thermodynamics under unitary evolution and external operations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ikeda, Tatsuhiko N., E-mail: ikeda@cat.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; Sakumichi, Naoyuki

The von Neumann entropy cannot represent the thermodynamic entropy of equilibrium pure states in isolated quantum systems. The diagonal entropy, which is the Shannon entropy in the energy eigenbasis at each instant of time, is a natural generalization of the von Neumann entropy and applicable to equilibrium pure states. We show that the diagonal entropy is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics upon arbitrary external unitary operations. In terms of the diagonal entropy, thermodynamic irreversibility follows from the facts that quantum trajectories under unitary evolution are restricted by the Hamiltonian dynamics and that the external operation is performed withoutmore » reference to the microscopic state of the system.« less

Single-particle spectral density of the unitary Fermi gas: Novel approach based on the operator product expansion, sum rules and the maximum entropy method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gubler, Philipp, E-mail: pgubler@riken.jp; RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198; Yamamoto, Naoki

2015-05-15

Making use of the operator product expansion, we derive a general class of sum rules for the imaginary part of the single-particle self-energy of the unitary Fermi gas. The sum rules are analyzed numerically with the help of the maximum entropy method, which allows us to extract the single-particle spectral density as a function of both energy and momentum. These spectral densities contain basic information on the properties of the unitary Fermi gas, such as the dispersion relation and the superfluid pairing gap, for which we obtain reasonable agreement with the available results based on quantum Monte-Carlo simulations.

Unitary n -designs via random quenches in atomic Hubbard and spin models: Application to the measurement of Rényi entropies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vermersch, B.; Elben, A.; Dalmonte, M.; Cirac, J. I.; Zoller, P.

2018-02-01

We present a general framework for the generation of random unitaries based on random quenches in atomic Hubbard and spin models, forming approximate unitary n -designs, and their application to the measurement of Rényi entropies. We generalize our protocol presented in Elben et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 050406 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.050406] to a broad class of atomic and spin-lattice models. We further present an in-depth numerical and analytical study of experimental imperfections, including the effect of decoherence and statistical errors, and discuss connections of our approach with many-body quantum chaos.

Surface effects in the unitary Fermi gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salasnich, L.; Ancilotto, F.; Toigo, F.

2010-01-01

We study the extended Thomas-Fermi (ETF) density functional of the superfluid unitary Fermi gas. This functional includes a gradient term which is essential to describe accurately the surface effects of the system, in particular with a small number of atoms, where the Thomas-Fermi (local density) approximation fails. We find that our ETF functional gives density profiles which are in good agreement with recent Monte Carlo results and also with a more sophisticated superfluid density functional based on Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. In addition, by using extended hydrodynamics equations of superfluids, we calculate the frequencies of collective surface oscillations of the unitary Fermi gas, showing that quadrupole and octupole modes strongly depend on the number of trapped atoms.

Efficient quantum pseudorandomness with simple graph states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mezher, Rawad; Ghalbouni, Joe; Dgheim, Joseph; Markham, Damian

2018-02-01

Measurement based (MB) quantum computation allows for universal quantum computing by measuring individual qubits prepared in entangled multipartite states, known as graph states. Unless corrected for, the randomness of the measurements leads to the generation of ensembles of random unitaries, where each random unitary is identified with a string of possible measurement results. We show that repeating an MB scheme an efficient number of times, on a simple graph state, with measurements at fixed angles and no feedforward corrections, produces a random unitary ensemble that is an ɛ -approximate t design on n qubits. Unlike previous constructions, the graph is regular and is also a universal resource for measurement based quantum computing, closely related to the brickwork state.

Dynamics of Three-Body Correlations in Quenched Unitary Bose Gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colussi, V. E.; Corson, J. P.; D'Incao, J. P.

2018-03-01

We investigate dynamical three-body correlations in the Bose gas during the earliest stages of evolution after a quench to the unitary regime. The development of few-body correlations is theoretically observed by determining the two- and three-body contacts. We find that the growth of three-body correlations is gradual compared to two-body correlations. The three-body contact oscillates coherently, and we identify this as a signature of Efimov trimers. We show that the growth of three-body correlations depends nontrivially on parameters derived from both the density and Efimov physics. These results demonstrate the violation of scaling invariance of unitary bosonic systems via the appearance of log-periodic modulation of three-body correlations.

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

30 CFR 57.15007 - Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protective equipment or clothing for welding... equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal. ...

Is a Space Laundry Needed for Exploration?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewert, Michael K.; Jeng, Frank F.

2014-01-01

Future human space exploration missions will lengthen to years, and keeping crews clothed without a huge resupply burden is an important consideration for habitation systems. A space laundry system could be the solution; however, the resources it uses must be accounted for and must win out over the very reliable practice of bringing along enough spare underwear. Through NASA's Logistics Reduction and Repurposing project, trade off studies have been conducted to compare current space clothing systems, life extension of that clothing, traditional water based clothes washing and other sanitizing techniques. The best clothing system of course depends on the mission and assumptions, but in general, analysis results indicate that washing clothes on space missions will start to pay off as mission durations push past a year.

46 CFR 154.1840 - Protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Operations § 154.1840 Protective clothing... operation, except those assigned to gas-safe cargo control rooms, wears protective clothing. ...

46 CFR 154.1840 - Protective clothing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Operations § 154.1840 Protective clothing... operation, except those assigned to gas-safe cargo control rooms, wears protective clothing. ...

47 CFR 65.102 - Petitions for exclusion from unitary treatment and for individual treatment in determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Petitions for exclusion from unitary treatment and for individual treatment in determining authorized return for interstate exchange access service. 65.102 Section 65.102 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) INTERSTATE RATE OF RETURN...

Nonunitary and unitary approach to Eigenvalue problem of Boson operators and squeezed coherent states

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wunsche, A.

1993-01-01

The eigenvalue problem of the operator a + zeta(boson creation operator) is solved for arbitrarily complex zeta by applying a nonunitary operator to the vacuum state. This nonunitary approach is compared with the unitary approach leading for the absolute value of zeta less than 1 to squeezed coherent states.

Piaget's Egocentrism: A Unitary Construct?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruthven, Avis J.; Cunningham, William L.

In order to determine whether egocentrism can be conceptualized as a unitary construct, 100 children (51 four-year-olds, 37 five-year-olds, and 12 six-year-olds) were administered a visual/spatial perspective task, a cognitive/communicative task, and an affective task. All tasks were designed to measure different facets of egocentrism. The 50…

Recasting Communication Theory and Research: A Cybernetic Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Gary A.

The author's main concern is to provide a research format which will supply a unitary conception of communication. The wide range of complex topics and variety of concepts embraced by communication theory and the rather disparate set of phenomena encompassed by communication research create this need for a unitary study approach capable of linking…

Matching relations for optimal entanglement concentration and purification

PubMed Central

Kong, Fan-Zhen; Xia, Hui-Zhi; Yang, Ming; Yang, Qing; Cao, Zhuo-Liang

2016-01-01

The bilateral controlled NOT (CNOT) operation plays a key role in standard entanglement purification process, but the CNOT operation may not be the optimal joint operation in the sense that the output entanglement is maximized. In this paper, the CNOT operations in both the Schmidt-projection based entanglement concentration and the entanglement purification schemes are replaced with a general joint unitary operation, and the optimal matching relations between the entangling power of the joint unitary operation and the non-maximal entangled channel are found for optimizing the entanglement in- crement or the output entanglement. The result is somewhat counter-intuitive for entanglement concentration. The output entanglement is maximized when the entangling power of the joint unitary operation and the quantum channel satisfy certain relation. There exist a variety of joint operations with non-maximal entangling power that can induce a maximal output entanglement, which will greatly broaden the set of the potential joint operations in entanglement concentration. In addition, the entanglement increment in purification process is maximized only by the joint unitary operations (including CNOT) with maximal entangling power. PMID:27189800

Maximum saliency bias in binocular fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yuhao; Stafford, Tom; Fox, Charles

2016-07-01

Subjective experience at any instant consists of a single ("unitary"), coherent interpretation of sense data rather than a "Bayesian blur" of alternatives. However, computation of Bayes-optimal actions has no role for unitary perception, instead being required to integrate over every possible action-percept pair to maximise expected utility. So what is the role of unitary coherent percepts, and how are they computed? Recent work provided objective evidence for non-Bayes-optimal, unitary coherent, perception and action in humans; and further suggested that the percept selected is not the maximum a posteriori percept but is instead affected by utility. The present study uses a binocular fusion task first to reproduce the same effect in a new domain, and second, to test multiple hypotheses about exactly how utility may affect the percept. After accounting for high experimental noise, it finds that both Bayes optimality (maximise expected utility) and the previously proposed maximum-utility hypothesis are outperformed in fitting the data by a modified maximum-salience hypothesis, using unsigned utility magnitudes in place of signed utilities in the bias function.

Crossover ensembles of random matrices and skew-orthogonal polynomials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, Santosh, E-mail: skumar.physics@gmail.com; Pandey, Akhilesh, E-mail: ap0700@mail.jnu.ac.in

2011-08-15

Highlights: > We study crossover ensembles of Jacobi family of random matrices. > We consider correlations for orthogonal-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossovers. > We use the method of skew-orthogonal polynomials and quaternion determinants. > We prove universality of spectral correlations in crossover ensembles. > We discuss applications to quantum conductance and communication theory problems. - Abstract: In a recent paper (S. Kumar, A. Pandey, Phys. Rev. E, 79, 2009, p. 026211) we considered Jacobi family (including Laguerre and Gaussian cases) of random matrix ensembles and reported exact solutions of crossover problems involving time-reversal symmetry breaking. In the present paper we givemore » details of the work. We start with Dyson's Brownian motion description of random matrix ensembles and obtain universal hierarchic relations among the unfolded correlation functions. For arbitrary dimensions we derive the joint probability density (jpd) of eigenvalues for all transitions leading to unitary ensembles as equilibrium ensembles. We focus on the orthogonal-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossovers and give generic expressions for jpd of eigenvalues, two-point kernels and n-level correlation functions. This involves generalization of the theory of skew-orthogonal polynomials to crossover ensembles. We also consider crossovers in the circular ensembles to show the generality of our method. In the large dimensionality limit, correlations in spectra with arbitrary initial density are shown to be universal when expressed in terms of a rescaled symmetry breaking parameter. Applications of our crossover results to communication theory and quantum conductance problems are also briefly discussed.« less

Identification and analysis of unitary loss of long-established protein-coding genes in Poaceae shows evidences for biased gene loss and putatively functional transcription of relics.

PubMed

Zhao, Yi; Tang, Liang; Li, Zhe; Jin, Jinpu; Luo, Jingchu; Gao, Ge

2015-04-18

Long-established protein-coding genes may lose their coding potential during evolution ("unitary gene loss"). Members of the Poaceae family are a major food source and represent an ideal model clade for plant evolution research. However, the global pattern of unitary gene loss in Poaceae genomes as well as the evolutionary fate of lost genes are still less-investigated and remain largely elusive. Using a locally developed pipeline, we identified 129 unitary gene loss events for long-established protein-coding genes from four representative species of Poaceae, i.e. brachypodium, rice, sorghum and maize. Functional annotation suggested that the lost genes in all or most of Poaceae species are enriched for genes involved in development and response to endogenous stimulus. We also found that 44 mutated genomic loci of lost genes, which we referred as relics, were still actively transcribed, and of which 84% (37 of 44) showed significantly differential expression across different tissues. More interestingly, we found that there were totally five expressed relics may function as competitive endogenous RNA in brachypodium, rice and sorghum genome. Based on comparative genomics and transcriptome data, we firstly compiled a comprehensive catalogue of unitary gene loss events in Poaceae species and characterized a statistically significant functional preference for these lost genes as well showed the potential of relics functioning as competitive endogenous RNAs in Poaceae genomes.

Scripting patienthood with patient clothing.

PubMed

Topo, Päivi; Iltanen-Tähkävuori, Sonja

2010-06-01

The potential of care environments to promote patient healing has gained increasing attention over the last decade, with evidence-based designs used to explore developments in this field. Medical textiles, such as clothes provided to patients, are part of the care environment in many countries. Our study focuses on patients' experiences of such clothing. The goal of this research is to understand how patienthood is constructed in relation to patient clothing and the practices around their use. The study is based on four group interviews involving a total of 12 people with experience of being patients in a hospital or of visiting residential care environments. We employed an active interview format, and the medical textiles currently used in Finnish hospitals and residential care facilities were available for scrutiny during the interviews. Content analyses were carried out on the interview transcripts. Patient clothing was critically evaluated by the participants; they experienced giving up their own clothes as akin to a rite of passage into their new role as a patient. The low status of a patient in a hospital environment was symbolised by the outworn appearance of patient clothing and the problems in protecting privacy. Patient clothing was also felt to provide limited possibilities for being active and in some cases was found to be annoying or even harmful and upsetting. For patients, being dressed in patient clothing may be symbolic of lower status and narrowed agency in everyday life. We can conclude that artefacts such as clothing worn in care environments need to be given attention when considering possibilities for improving care. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Swim performance and thermoregulatory effects of wearing clothing in a simulated cold-water survival situation.

PubMed

Bowes, Heather; Eglin, Clare M; Tipton, Michael J; Barwood, Martin J

2016-04-01

Accidental cold-water immersion (CWI) impairs swim performance, increases drowning risk and often occurs whilst clothed. The impact of clothing on thermoregulation and swim performance during CWI was explored with the view of making recommendations on whether swimming is viable for self-rescue; contrary to the traditional recommendations. Ten unhabituated males (age 24 (4) years; height 1.80 (0.08) m; mass 78.50 (10.93) kg; body composition 14.8 (3.4) fat %) completed four separate CWIs in 12 °C water. They either rested clothed or naked (i.e. wearing a bathing costume) or swum self-paced clothed or naked for up to 1 h. Swim speed, distance covered, oxygen consumption and thermal responses (rectal temperature (T re), mean skin temperature (T msk) and mean body temperature T b) were measured. When clothed, participants swum at a slower pace and for a significantly shorter distance (815 (482) m, 39 (19) min) compared to when naked (1264 (564) m, 52 (18) min), but had a similar oxygen consumption indicating clothing made them less efficient. Swimming accelerated the rate of T msk and T b cooling and wearing clothing partially attenuated this drop. The impairment to swimming performance caused by clothing was greater than the thermal benefit it provided; participants withdrew due to exhaustion before hypothermia developed. Swimming is a viable self-rescue method in 12 °C water, however, clothing impairs swimming capability. Self-rescue swimming could be considered before clinical hypothermia sets in for the majority of individuals. These suggestions must be tested for the wider population.

Use of a human skin in vitro model to investigate the influence of 'every-day' clothing and skin surface decontamination on the percutaneous penetration of organophosphates.

PubMed

Moore, C A; Wilkinson, S C; Blain, P G; Dunn, M; Aust, G A; Williams, F M

2014-08-17

Organophosphates (OPs) are widely used in agriculture. Many studies have investigated the capability of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce chemical exposure; however, investigations into the protective effect of 'every-day' clothing are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 'every-day' clothing against dermal exposure and to measure early decontamination of skin following exposure to chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos. Using human skin in vitro, absorption of (14)C-labelled chlorpyrifos (500 ng/cm(2)), was shown to be significantly reduced when applied to clothed skin (cotton shirt), regardless of application vehicle (isopropanol (IPA) or propylene glycol (PG)). The majority of applied dose was retained within the clothing after 4 h exposure. Significant reduction in absorption of chlorpyrifos (in PG) was seen through clothed skin when supplemented with skin decontamination at 4 h, compared with clothed skin decontaminated after 24 h, however, this was not observed with IPA. Absorption of dichlorvos (5 μg/cm(2)) was greater through unclothed skin than chlorpyrifos for all vehicles (IPA, isopropyl myristate (IPM) and PG). Significant reduction in absorption was observed when decontaminating clothed skin at 30 min, compared with decontamination at 24 h (post-exposure) for all vehicles. indicate that 'every-day' clothing is effective at reducing exposure to chemicals in contact with skin. Washing the skin surface immediately following removal of exposed clothing can further reduce exposure, depending on the properties of the chemical and vehicle applied. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Noncontact Monitoring of Respiration by Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor.

PubMed

Takarada, Tohru; Asada, Tetsunosuke; Sumi, Yoshihisa; Higuchi, Yoshinori

2015-01-01

We have previously reported that a dynamic air-pressure sensor system allows respiratory status to be visually monitored for patients in minimally clothed condition. The dynamic air-pressure sensor measures vital information using changes in air pressure. To utilize this device in the field, we must clarify the influence of clothing conditions on measurement. The present study evaluated use of the dynamic air-pressure sensor system as a respiratory monitor that can reliably detect change in breathing patterns irrespective of clothing. Twelve healthy volunteers reclined on a dental chair positioned horizontally with the sensor pad for measuring air-pressure signals corresponding to respiration placed on the seat back of the dental chair in the central lumbar region. Respiratory measurements were taken under 2 conditions: (a) thinly clothed (subject lying directly on the sensor pad); and (b) thickly clothed (subject lying on the sensor pad covered with a pressure-reducing sheet). Air-pressure signals were recorded and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration were calculated. This information was compared with expiratory tidal volume measured simultaneously by a respirometer connected to the subject via face mask. The dynamic air-pressure sensor was able to receive the signal corresponding to respiration regardless of clothing conditions. A strong correlation was identified between expiratory tidal volume and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration for all subjects under both clothing conditions (0.840-0.988 for the thinly clothed condition and 0.867-0.992 for the thickly clothed condition). These results show that the dynamic air-pressure sensor is useful for monitoring respiratory physiology irrespective of clothing.

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

PubMed Central

JUSSILA, Kirsi; RISSANEN, Sirkka; AMINOFF, Anna; WAHLSTRÖM, Jens; VAKTSKJOLD, Arild; TALYKOVA, Ljudmila; REMES, Jouko; MÄNTTÄRI, Satu; RINTAMÄKI, Hannu

2017-01-01

Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers’ cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1,323). Basic thermal insulation (Icl) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The Icl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the Icl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (−5 to +5°C) and dry cold (−20 to −10°C) conditions, respectively. The Icl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9–2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners’ selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below −10°C. PMID:29021416

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining-a thermal manikin and questionnaire study.

PubMed

Jussila, Kirsi; Rissanen, Sirkka; Aminoff, Anna; Wahlström, Jens; Vaktskjold, Arild; Talykova, Ljudmila; Remes, Jouko; Mänttäri, Satu; Rintamäki, Hannu

2017-12-07

Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers' cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1,323). Basic thermal insulation (I cl ) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The I cl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the I cl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (-5 to +5°C) and dry cold (-20 to -10°C) conditions, respectively. The I cl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9-2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners' selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below -10°C.

An investigation into the presence of petrol on the clothing and shoes of members of the public.

PubMed

Coulson, Sally; Morgan-Smith, Rian; Mitchell, Susan; McBriar, Todd

2008-02-25

First, the clothing and shoes from 29 participants who had recently filled their vehicles with petrol were analysed for any traces of petrol. No traces of petrol were found on any of these items. Secondly, the clothing and shoes from 17 participants who had recently used a petrol-powered lawn mower were also analysed for petrol. Petrol was detected on two pairs of shoes from different participants. Components of petrol were detected on a set of clothing from a third participant, however, there were insufficient components present in this sample to confirm the presence of petrol. No traces of petrol were found on the items from the remaining 14 participants. Thirdly, the clothing from a forecourt attendant, a mechanic and a professional lawn mower were analysed at the end of a number of shifts. Petrol was detected on the upper and lower clothing from the forecourt attendant at the end of one shift. No petrol residues were found on the forecourt attendant after a second shift, or on the mechanic's clothing after two separate shifts or on the professional lawn mower's clothing after three separate shifts. These results can be used to assist the forensic analyst in assessing the chance of finding traces of petrol on clothing and shoes after the wearer has performed common activities that involve petrol.

"I Am Only Ten Years Old": Femininities, Clothing-Fashion Codes and the Intergenerational Gap of Interpretation of Young Girls' Clothes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rysst, Mari

2010-01-01

Based in experience-near anthropology, this article explores constructions of gender by 10-year-old Norwegian girls who are informed by a developmental discourse and by new clothing-fashion codes. The analysis reveals gaps in aesthetic understanding between the clothing-fashion industry, preteen girls and older generations. The industry seems to…

16 CFR Appendix F2 to Part 305 - Compact Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Compact Clothes Washers F2 Appendix F2 to... LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F2 Appendix F2 to Part 305—Compact Clothes Washers Range Information “Compact” includes all household clothes washers with a tub capacity of less than 1.6 cu. ft. Capacity Range of...

16 CFR Appendix F1 to Part 305 - Standard Clothes Washers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Standard Clothes Washers F1 Appendix F1 to... LABELING RULEâ) Pt. 305, App. F1 Appendix F1 to Part 305—Standard Clothes Washers Range Information “Standard” includes all household clothes washers with a tub capacity of 1.6 cu. ft. or more. Capacity Range...

Economic Value of Dispensing Home-Based Preoperative Chlorhexidine Bathing Cloths to Prevent Surgical Site Infection

PubMed Central

Bailey, Rachel R.; Stuckey, Dianna R.; Norman, Bryan A.; Duggan, Andrew P.; Bacon, Kristina M.; Connor, Diana L.; Lee, Ingi; Muder, Robert R.; Lee, Bruce Y.

2012-01-01

OBJECTIVE To estimate the economic value of dispensing preoperative home-based chlorhexidine bathing cloth kits to orthopedic patients to prevent surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS A stochastic decision-analytic computer simulation model was developed from the hospital’s perspective depicting the decision of whether to dispense the kits preoperatively to orthopedic patients. We varied patient age, cloth cost, SSI-attributable excess length of stay, cost per bed-day, patient compliance with the regimen, and cloth antimicrobial efficacy to determine which variables were the most significant drivers of the model’s outcomes. RESULTS When all other variables remained at baseline and cloth efficacy was at least 50%, patient compliance only had to be half of baseline (baseline mean, 15.3%; range, 8.23%–20.0%) for chlorhexidine cloths to remain the dominant strategy (ie, less costly and providing better health outcomes). When cloth efficacy fell to 10%, 1.5 times the baseline bathing compliance also afforded dominance of the preoperative bath. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study favor the routine distribution of bathing kits. Even with low patient compliance and cloth efficacy values, distribution of bathing kits is an economically beneficial strategy for the prevention of SSI. PMID:21515977

Unexpected behavioural consequences of preterm newborns' clothing.

PubMed

Durier, Virginie; Henry, Séverine; Martin, Emmanuelle; Dollion, Nicolas; Hausberger, Martine; Sizun, Jacques

2015-03-17

Restrictions of preterm newborns' movements could have consequences ranging from stress enhancement to impairment of their motor development. Therefore, ability to freely express motor activities appears crucial for their behavioural and physiological development. Our aim was to evaluate behavioural issues of two types of clothing used in NICU. We observed 18 healthy 34-37 post-conception week-old preterm newborns, during resting periods, when they were undisturbed by any interventions. Newborns wore either light clothing (bodysuit and a light wrapping) or heavy clothing (pyjamas, cardigan and sleep-sack). The percentages of time each subject spent in different postures were compared between clothing situations. Arm and hand postures differed in relation to clothing: babies bent their arms more and held their hands nearer their heads when in bodysuits than when in sleepwear. Consequently, babies in bodysuits spent more time touching their body or their environment whereas the others generally were touching nothing. Self-touch is an important way to comfort one's self. Heavy clothing may impair self-soothing behaviours of preterm newborn babies that already lack other forms of contact. Results suggest that more attention should be paid to apparently routine and marginal decisions such as choice of clothes.

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results.

PubMed

Morrison, G C; Weschler, C J; Bekö, G

2017-05-01

In this research, we extend a model of transdermal uptake of phthalates to include a layer of clothing. When compared with experimental results, this model better estimates dermal uptake of diethylphthalate and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) than a previous model. The model predictions are consistent with the observation that previously exposed clothing can increase dermal uptake over that observed in bare-skin participants for the same exposure air concentrations. The model predicts that dermal uptake from clothing of DnBP is a substantial fraction of total uptake from all sources of exposure. For compounds that have high dermal permeability coefficients, dermal uptake is increased for (i) thinner clothing, (ii) a narrower gap between clothing and skin, and (iii) longer time intervals between laundering and wearing. Enhanced dermal uptake is most pronounced for compounds with clothing-air partition coefficients between 10 4 and 10 7 . In the absence of direct measurements of cotton cloth-air partition coefficients, dermal exposure may be predicted using equilibrium data for compounds in equilibrium with cellulose and water, in combination with computational methods of predicting partition coefficients. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of work clothing on physiological responses and performance during treadmill exercise and the Wildland Firefighter Pack Test.

PubMed

Phillips, Devin B; Ehnes, Cameron M; Welch, Bradley G; Lee, Lauren N; Simin, Irina; Petersen, Stewart R

2018-04-01

This study investigated physiological responses and performance during three separate exercise challenges (Parts I, II, and III) with wildland firefighting work clothing ensemble (boots and coveralls) and a 20.4 kg backpack in four conditions: U-EX (no pack, exercise clothing); L-EX (pack, exercise clothing); U-W (no pack, work clothing); and, L-W (pack and work clothing). Part I consisted of randomly-ordered graded exercise tests, on separate days, in U-EX, L-EX and L-W conditions. Part II consisted of randomly-ordered bouts of sub-maximal treadmill exercise in the four conditions. In Part III, subjects completed, in random-order on separate days, 4.83 km Pack Tests in L-EX or L-W conditions. In Part I, peak oxygen uptake was reduced (p < .05) in L-W. In Part II, mass-specific oxygen uptake was significantly higher in both work clothing conditions. In Part III, Pack Test time was slower (p < .05) in L-W. These results demonstrate the negative impact of work clothing and load carriage on physiological responses to exercise and performance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unexpected behavioural consequences of preterm newborns' clothing

PubMed Central

Durier, Virginie; Henry, Séverine; Martin, Emmanuelle; Dollion, Nicolas; Hausberger, Martine; Sizun, Jacques

2015-01-01

Restrictions of preterm newborns' movements could have consequences ranging from stress enhancement to impairment of their motor development. Therefore, ability to freely express motor activities appears crucial for their behavioural and physiological development. Our aim was to evaluate behavioural issues of two types of clothing used in NICU. We observed 18 healthy 34–37 post-conception week-old preterm newborns, during resting periods, when they were undisturbed by any interventions. Newborns wore either light clothing (bodysuit and a light wrapping) or heavy clothing (pyjamas, cardigan and sleep-sack). The percentages of time each subject spent in different postures were compared between clothing situations. Arm and hand postures differed in relation to clothing: babies bent their arms more and held their hands nearer their heads when in bodysuits than when in sleepwear. Consequently, babies in bodysuits spent more time touching their body or their environment whereas the others generally were touching nothing. Self-touch is an important way to comfort one's self. Heavy clothing may impair self-soothing behaviours of preterm newborn babies that already lack other forms of contact. Results suggest that more attention should be paid to apparently routine and marginal decisions such as choice of clothes. PMID:25776252

Agnosia Interferes With Daily Hygiene in Patients With Dementia

PubMed Central

Hamdy, R. C.; Kinser, A.; Culp, J.E.; Kendall-Wilson, T.; Depelteau, A.; Copeland, R.; Whalen, K.

2018-01-01

Patients with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, may not recognize that their clothes are dirty. They may see the food stains and discoloration of the clothes and yet because of their agnosia are unable to integrate these observations and deduce that their clothes are dirty and need to be changed. They will, therefore, resist attempts to get them to change clothes, especially if these clothes happen to be their favorite ones. This often causes caregivers to become frustrated, especially, if it represents a change in the patient’s previous habits of only wearing clean clothes. In this case study, we present a 72-year-old woman with moderate Alzheimer’s disease who lives with her daughter, who adamantly refuses to change the clothes she has been wearing for a few days and which are now clearly dirty. We report the interaction, highlight what went wrong in the patient–daughter interaction, and discuss how the catastrophic ending could have been avoided or averted. PMID:29900188

The effect of women's suggestive clothing on men's behavior and judgment: a field study.

PubMed

Guéguen, Nicolas

2011-10-01

Numerous studies have shown that men overestimate the sexual intent of women based on their clothing style; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed empirically in a natural setting. This small field study measured the time it took for men to approach two female confederates sitting in a tavern, one wearing suggestive clothes and one wearing more conservative clothes. The behavior of 108 men was observed over 54 periods on 16 different nights in two different taverns. The time it took for the men to approach after initial eye contact was significantly shorter in the suggestive clothing condition. The men were also asked by male confederates to rate the likelihood of having a date with the women, and having sex on the first date. The men rated their chances to have a date and to have sex significantly higher in the suggestive clothing condition. Results are discussed with respect to men's possible misinterpretation that women's clothing indicates sexual interest, and the risks associated with the misinterpretation.

The UTCI-clothing model.

PubMed

Havenith, George; Fiala, Dusan; Błazejczyk, Krzysztof; Richards, Mark; Bröde, Peter; Holmér, Ingvar; Rintamaki, Hannu; Benshabat, Yael; Jendritzky, Gerd

2012-05-01

The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was conceived as a thermal index covering the whole climate range from heat to cold. This would be impossible without considering clothing as the interface between the person (here, the physiological model of thermoregulation) and the environment. It was decided to develop a clothing model for this application in which the following three factors were considered: (1) typical dressing behaviour in different temperatures, as observed in the field, resulting in a model of the distribution of clothing over the different body segments in relation to the ambient temperature, (2) the changes in clothing insulation and vapour resistance caused by wind and body movement, and (3) the change in wind speed in relation to the height above ground. The outcome was a clothing model that defines in detail the effective clothing insulation and vapour resistance for each of the thermo-physiological model's body segments over a wide range of climatic conditions. This paper details this model's conception and documents its definitions.

Thermal response properties of protective clothing fabrics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baitinger, W.F.

1995-12-31

In the industrial workplace, it becomes increasingly incumbent upon employers to require employees to use suitable protective equipment and to wear protective apparel. When workers may be subjected to accidental radiant, flame, or electric arc heat sources, work clothing should be used that does not become involved in burning. It is axiomatic that work clothing should not become a primary fuel source, adding to the level of heat exposure, since clothing is usually in intimate contact with the skin. Further, clothing should provide sufficient insulation to protect the skin from severe burn injury. If the worker receives such protection frommore » clothing, action then may be taken to escape the confronted thermal hazard. Published laboratory test methods are used to measure flame resistance and thermal responses of flame resistant fabrics in protective clothing. The purpose of this article is to review these test methods, to discuss certain limitations in application, and to suggest how flame resistant cotton fabrics may be used to enhance worker safety.« less

[Research and design for optimal position of electrocardio-electrodes in monitoring clothing for men].

PubMed

Liang, Lijun; Hu, Yao; Liu, Hao; Li, Xiaojiu; Li, Jin; He, Yin

2017-04-01

In order to reduce the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease patients effectively, improve the electrocardiogram (ECG) accuracy of signal acquisition, and reduce the influence of motion artifacts caused by the electrodes in inappropriate location in the clothing for ECG measurement, we in this article present a research on the optimum place of ECG electrodes in male clothing using three-lead monitoring methods. In the 3-lead ECG monitoring clothing for men we selected test points. Comparing the ECG and power spectrum analysis of the acquired ECG signal quality of each group of points, we determined the best location of ECG electrodes in the male monitoring clothing. The electrode motion artifacts caused by improper location had been significantly improved when electrodes were put in the best position of the clothing for men. The position of electrodes is crucial for ECG monitoring clothing. The stability of the acquired ECG signal could be improved significantly when electrodes are put at optimal locations.

DNA extraction and amplification from contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth.

PubMed

Moncada, Ximena; Payacán, Claudia; Arriaza, Francisco; Lobos, Sergio; Seelenfreund, Daniela; Seelenfreund, Andrea

2013-01-01

Paper mulberry has been used for thousands of years in Asia and Oceania for making paper and bark-cloth, respectively. Museums around the world hold valuable collections of Polynesian bark-cloth. Genetic analysis of the plant fibers from which the textiles were made may answer a number of questions of interest related to provenance, authenticity or species used in the manufacture of these textiles. Recovery of nucleic acids from paper mulberry bark-cloth has not been reported before. We describe a simple method for the extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA from small samples of contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth (tapa) using two types of nuclear markers. We report the amplification of about 300 bp sequences of the ITS1 region and of a microsatellite marker. Sufficient DNA was retrieved from all bark-cloth samples to permit successful PCR amplification. This method shows a means of obtaining useful genetic information from modern bark-cloth samples and opens perspectives for the analyses of small fragments derived from ethnographic materials.

DNA Extraction and Amplification from Contemporary Polynesian Bark-Cloth

PubMed Central

Moncada, Ximena; Payacán, Claudia; Arriaza, Francisco; Lobos, Sergio; Seelenfreund, Daniela; Seelenfreund, Andrea

2013-01-01

Background Paper mulberry has been used for thousands of years in Asia and Oceania for making paper and bark-cloth, respectively. Museums around the world hold valuable collections of Polynesian bark-cloth. Genetic analysis of the plant fibers from which the textiles were made may answer a number of questions of interest related to provenance, authenticity or species used in the manufacture of these textiles. Recovery of nucleic acids from paper mulberry bark-cloth has not been reported before. Methodology We describe a simple method for the extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA from small samples of contemporary Polynesian bark-cloth (tapa) using two types of nuclear markers. We report the amplification of about 300 bp sequences of the ITS1 region and of a microsatellite marker. Conclusions Sufficient DNA was retrieved from all bark-cloth samples to permit successful PCR amplification. This method shows a means of obtaining useful genetic information from modern bark-cloth samples and opens perspectives for the analyses of small fragments derived from ethnographic materials. PMID:23437166

Energy cost of wearing chemical protective clothing during progressive treadmill walking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patton, J.F.; Bidwell, T.E.; Murphy, M.M.

1995-03-01

While chemical protective (CP) clothing is known to adversely affect physical performance, few data exist regarding the physiological response of wearing US military cp clothing during incremental, dynamic exercise. To quantify the effects of CP clothing on energy cost and to test the hypothesis that the mask contributes little to this effect, oxygen uptake (vo2) and ventilation (VE) were determined in 14 male soldiers who walked on a treadmill at 1.56 m -5(-1) for 20 min each at 0, 5, and 10% grades in three clothing conditions: BDU (battledress uniform only).

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

46 CFR 160.048-3 - Materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... coated upholstery cloth meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this.... (2) Coated upholstery cloth. Coated upholstery cloth shall comply with the requirements of Federal...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

30 CFR 75.1720 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the active workings of an underground coal mine shall be required to wear the following protective clothing and devices: (a) Protective clothing or equipment and face-shields or goggles when welding...

Atopic dermatitis - children - homecare

MedlinePlus

... your child in soft, comfortable clothing, such as cotton clothes. Have your child drink plenty of water. ... Use smooth, textured clothing and bedding, such as cotton. Sweating. Be careful not to over dress your ...

Classroom Temperature, Clothing and Thermal Comfort -- A Study of Secondary School Children in Summertime. Building Research Establishment Current Paper 22/74.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphreys, M. A.

1974-01-01

This article describes a study of summertime classroom temperature and its relationship to the clothing worn by English secondary school children. Data on classroom temperatures and children's clothing were recorded during one summer for a total of 987 lessons. Analysis of the data showed that the strong clothing-temperature correlation could be…

Modelling of Heat and Moisture Loss Through NBC Ensembles

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

the heat and moisture transport through various NBC clothing ensembles. The analysis involves simplifying the three dimensional physical problem of... clothing on a person to that of a one dimensional problem of flow through parallel layers of clothing and air. Body temperatures are calculated based on...prescribed work rates, ambient conditions and clothing properties. Sweat response and respiration rates are estimated based on empirical data to

Cold Regions - Environmental Testing of Individual Soldier Clothing

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-17

Individual Soldier Clothing 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHORS 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) provides testing guidelines for individual Soldier cold weather clothing and footwear in a cold regions...Soldier clothing , along with its safety, reliability, durability, and performance when exposed to a cold regions environment. 15. SUBJECT TERMS

3D quantification of microclimate volume in layered clothing for the prediction of clothing insulation.

PubMed

Lee, Yejin; Hong, Kyunghi; Hong, Sung-Ae

2007-05-01

Garment fit and resultant air volume is a crucial factor in thermal insulation, and yet, it has been difficult to quantify the air volume of clothing microclimate and relate it to the thermal insulation value just using the information on the size of clothing pattern without actual 3D volume measurement in wear condition. As earlier methods for the computation of air volume in clothing microclimate, vacuum over suit and circumference model have been used. However, these methods have inevitable disadvantages in terms of cost or accuracy due to the limitations of measurement equipment. In this paper, the phase-shifting moiré topography was introduced as one of the 3D scanning tools to measure the air volume of clothing microclimate quantitatively. The purpose of this research is to adopt a non-contact image scanning technology, phase-shifting moiré topography, to ascertain relationship between air volume and insulation value of layered clothing systems in wear situations where the 2D fabric creates new conditions in 3D spaces. The insulation of vests over shirts as a layered clothing system was measured with a thermal manikin in the environmental condition of 20 degrees C, 65% RH and air velocity of 0.79 m/s. As the pattern size increased, the insulation of the clothing system was increased. But beyond a certain limit, the insulation started to decrease due to convection and ventilation, which is more apparent when only the vest was worn over the torso of manikin. The relationship between clothing air volume and insulation was difficult to predict with a single vest due to the extreme openings which induced active ventilation. But when the vest was worn over the shirt, the effects of thickness of the fabrics on insulation were less pronounced compared with that of air volume. In conclusion, phase-shifting moiré topography was one of the efficient and accurate ways of quantifying air volume and its distribution across the clothing microclimate. It is also noted that air volume becomes more crucial factor in predicting thermal insulation when clothing is layered.

Thermal insulation and clothing area factors of typical Arabian Gulf clothing ensembles for males and females: measurements using thermal manikins.

PubMed

Al-ajmi, F F; Loveday, D L; Bedwell, K H; Havenith, G

2008-05-01

The thermal insulation of clothing is one of the most important parameters used in the thermal comfort model adopted by the International Standards Organisation (ISO) [BS EN ISO 7730, 2005. Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. International Standardisation Organisation, Geneva.] and by ASHRAE [ASHRAE Handbook, 2005. Fundamentals. Chapter 8. American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA.]. To date, thermal insulation values of mainly Western clothing have been published with only minimal data being available for non-Western clothing. Thus, the objective of the present study is to measure and present the thermal insulation (clo) values of a number of Arabian Gulf garments as worn by males and females. The clothing ensembles and garments of Arabian Gulf males and females presented in this study are representative of those typically worn in the region during both summer and winter seasons. Measurements of total thermal insulation values (clo) were obtained using a male and a female shape thermal manikin in accordance with the definition of insulation as given in ISO 9920. In addition, the clothing area factors (f cl) determined in two different ways were compared. The first method used a photographic technique and the second a regression equation as proposed in ISO 9920, based on the insulation values of Arabian Gulf male and female garments and ensembles as they were determined in this study. In addition, fibre content, descriptions and weights of Arabian Gulf clothing have been recorded and tabulated in this study. The findings of this study are presented as additions to the existing knowledge base of clothing insulation, and provide for the first time data for Arabian Gulf clothing. The analysis showed that for these non-Western clothing designs, the most widely used regression calculation of f cl is not valid. However, despite the very large errors in f cl made with the regression method, the errors this causes in the intrinsic clothing insulation value, I cl, are limited.

Indefinite intertwining operators

PubMed Central

Baldoni-Silva, M. W.; Knapp, A. W.

1984-01-01

For a wide class of linear connected semisimple Lie groups, one obtains formulas limiting the Langlands parameters of irreducible unitary representations obtained from maximal parabolic subgroups. The formulas relate unitarity to the number of roots satisfying certain conditions. Some evidence is presented that the formulas are sharp. The results confirm aspects of conjectures that relate unitary parameters to cohomological induction. PMID:16593424

Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel Landmark Dedication and Revitalization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This video shows construction scenes of unitary plan wind tunnel, aerials, and views of various models, including an MD-II in the 11 ft, an Apollo in the 8x7, Dynasoar in the 8x7, a one inch scale shuttle in the 8x7, and an artist's concept of a 12 ft test section.

Entanglement classes of symmetric Werner states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyons, David W.; Walck, Scott N.

2011-10-15

The symmetric Werner states for n qubits, important in the study of quantum nonlocality and useful for applications in quantum information, have a surprisingly simple and elegant structure in terms of tensor products of Pauli matrices. Further, each of these states forms a unique local unitary equivalence class, that is, no two of these states are interconvertible by local unitary operations.

A Quantitative Analysis of the Increase in Public School Segregation in Delaware: 1989-2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glenn, William J.

2011-01-01

This study analyzes the increase in school segregation in Delaware from a quantitative perspective. The article tests the hypothesis that the declaration of unitary status that released the Wilmington area school districts from their desegregation order caused the increase in segregation. The research reveals that the declaration of unitary status…

An answer to Housing Discrimination: The Need for a Unitary Marketing System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosser, Lawrence; White, Beth

1975-01-01

Proposes that a central Clearinghouse be established to collect and disseminate information to inner city residents on available suburban units, noting that to be effective, this unitary marketing system would have to be able to identify and seek out those who most need rental vacancy data, and to deliver vacancy listings and related information…

Beyond the Tipping Point: Issues of Racial Diversity in Magnet Schools Following Unitary Status

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smrekar, Claire

2009-01-01

This article uses qualitative case study methodology to examine why the racial composition of magnet schools in Nashville, Tennessee, has shifted to predominantly African American in the aftermath of unitary status. The article compares the policy contexts and parents' reasons for choosing magnet schools at two points in time--under court order…

Stability issues of black hole in non-local gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myung, Yun Soo; Park, Young-Jai

2018-04-01

We discuss stability issues of Schwarzschild black hole in non-local gravity. It is shown that the stability analysis of black hole for the unitary and renormalizable non-local gravity with γ2 = - 2γ0 cannot be performed in the Lichnerowicz operator approach. On the other hand, for the unitary and non-renormalizable case with γ2 = 0, the black hole is stable against the metric perturbations. For non-unitary and renormalizable local gravity with γ2 = - 2γ0 = const (fourth-order gravity), the small black holes are unstable against the metric perturbations. This implies that what makes the problem difficult in stability analysis of black hole is the simultaneous requirement of unitarity and renormalizability around the Minkowski spacetime.