78 FR 16836 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of amendment of... amended, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is amending the system of records currently...

78 FR 19463 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of amendment of... amended, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is amending the system of records currently...

78 FR 19244 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of amendment of... amended, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is amending the system of records currently...

Professionalism in Public Relations Pedagogy: A Comparative Analysis of Public Relations Curricula among the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chung, Wonjun; Choi, Jinbong

2012-01-01

Based on a concept of professionalism, this study analyzed and compared current public relations curricula of higher education among the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. In terms of three educational orientations, results indicated that public relations education in the United States is the most balanced among theoretical,…

The Right-Wing Attack on Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fishman, Walda Katz

A personal evaluation is expressed on the changing role of women in the United States as a result of current social attitudes and of recent legislation regarding medical, economic, and educational matters. It is hypothesized that the United States is currently experiencing an extreme and growing right-wing political movement whose targets include…

Early Childhood Inclusion in the United States: Goals, Current Status, and Future Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guralnick, Michael J.; Bruder, Mary Beth

2016-01-01

The current status and future directions of early childhood inclusion in the United States are discussed from the perspective of 4 key goals: access, accommodations and feasibility, developmental progress, and social integration. Recommendations are put forward to promote inclusion goals emphasizing administrative structures, personnel…

78 FR 16914 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8802

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

....gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Application for United States Residency Certification. OMB... Philadelphia Service Center. As proof of residency in the United States and of entitlement to the benefits of a.... partnership, or resident of the United States for purposes of taxation. Current Actions: There are no changes...

The State of Social Studies Teacher Preparation: An Analysis of Program Requirements in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bittman, Bonnie; Russell, William B., III; Kenna, Joshua; Beckles, Lloyd; Zandt, Carolyn V

2017-01-01

What is the current state of social studies Teacher Preparation Programs (TPPs) for licensure across the United States? The purpose of this research study is to fill the gap in the academic research, providing an overview of social studies TPPs across the United States. In order to best answer that question the researchers examined the required…

Healthy Migrant Effect on Smoking Behavior Among Asian Immigrants in the United States.

PubMed

Kuerban, Aliya

2016-02-01

Healthy migrant effect (HME) of immigrants has been evidenced in various heath aspects. However, few studies have explored the applicability of HME on Asian immigrants' health risk behavior-smoking. This study used three waves of Current Population Survey-Tobacco Use Supplement data, 1998-1999, 2005-2006, and 2010-2011, to compare the rates of being a current smoker among Asian immigrants and United States born citizens. Further, the odds ratios of gender, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, years of migration, and citizenship status on the likelihood of being a current smoker were examined. Across the three waves, Asian immigrants smoked at a much lower rate than their native-born counterparts. The gender gap of being a current smoker was much wider among Asian immigrants. The longer the Asian immigrants stayed in the United States, the more likely they were to become current smokers. These data confirmed the association of HME and Asian immigrants' smoking behavior, and also provided strong evidence of the importance of smoking prevention among Asian immigrants. This study also implied the possibility of a decline in the effectiveness of HME on Asian immigrants as the time they spent in the United States increased.

A Call for Reformation of Teacher Preparation Programs in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dann, Ashley Ireland

2014-01-01

Although current research, educational theorists, and international comparison prove a need for reform, the United States' teacher preparation programs are failing. The following paper will call for the reform of teacher preparation programs in three distinct areas. Examination of current data, application of educational theorists'…

United States housing, first quarter 2013

Treesearch

Delton Alderman

2014-01-01

Provides current and historical information on housing market in the United States. Information includes trends for housing permits and starts, housing under construction, and housing completions for single and multifamily units, and sales and construction. This report will be updated regularly.

Land Combat Systems Industry Study 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

David Barnhart, Florida Air National Guard Lt Col Warren Anderson, United States Air Force Lt Col Phillip Chudoba, United States Marine Corps Mr...beginning with the current condition of GD. CURRENT CONDITION In the business world, the rearview mirror is always clearer than the windshield. Warren ... Buffett The ICAF coursework and field trips presented the study team with ample historic data for assessing the current condition of the LCS firms

Future forest aboveground carbon dynamics in the central United States: the importance of forest demographic processes

Treesearch

Wenchi Jin; Hong S. He; Frank R. Thompson; Wen J. Wang; Jacob S. Fraser; Stephen R. Shifley; Brice B. Hanberry; William D. Dijak

2017-01-01

The Central Hardwood Forest (CHF) in the United States is currently a major carbon sink, there are uncertainties in how long the current carbon sink will persist and if the CHF will eventually become a carbon source. We used a multi-model ensemble to investigate aboveground carbon density of the CHF from 2010 to 2300 under current climate. Simulations were done using...

Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1987. (Advance Data from the March 1988 Current Population Survey). Current Population Reports: Consumer Income.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Current Population Reports, 1988

1988-01-01

This report presents data from the March 1988 Current Population Survey (CPS) on the income and poverty status of families and persons in the United States for the calender year 1987. The following family characteristics are examined: (1) family income; (2) family composition, race, and Hispanic origin; (3) educational attainment of householder;…

Compliance issues raised by the United States' ratification and implementation of the education articles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

PubMed

Adams, Christopher; Rubel, Jordana

2010-01-01

This article evaluates compliance issues the United States could face in ratifying the education provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The authors compare states parties' obligations under the education provisions of the CRC--as construed by the CRC committee--with federal and state education protections and programs in the United States. The authors conclude that the United States currently complies with most of the provisions and faces minimal risk in ratifying the remaining provisions.

More than Kissing Babies? Current Child and Family Policy in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Francine H., Ed.; Davies, Margery W., Ed.

Meant to orient a broad audience to basic issues of child and family policy in the United States today, this book includes an overview of the recent history of child and family policy in the United States, an exploration of several political economic conditions underlying changes in these policies, case studies of selected local, state and federal…

Using FIA data to assess current and potential future tree species importance values in the eastern United States

Treesearch

Louis Iverson; Anantha Prasad; Anantha Prasad

2003-01-01

FIA data are extremely valuable for evaluating regional variation in forest distribution. We have processed and summarized FIA data to show four patterns across the Eastern United States: 1) the number and density of FIA forested plots by state, 2) current importance values and frequencies for several species within 20 x 20 km blocks, 3) tree diversity by block, and 4...

Using FIA data to assess current and potential future tree species importance values in the eastern United States

Treesearch

Louis Iverson; Anantha Prasad

2002-01-01

FIA data are extremely valuable for evaluating regional variation in forest distribution. We have processed and summarized FIA data to show four patterns across the Eastern United States: 1) the number and density of FIA forested plots by state, 2) current importance values and frequencies for several species within 20 x 20 km blocks, 3) tree diversity by block, and 4...

The Cuban-American Counterpoint: Black Cubans in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dixon, Heriberto

The term "Hispanics" as currently used in the United States is a gross oversimplification of the reality of a highly heterogeneous people. Among the many important variables that divide and subdivide the Hispanic population into distinctive and significant subpopulations are race, language, time of arrival in the United States, national origin,…

Latest developments on documentary film ``The State of the Unit: The Kilogram''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Amy

2013-03-01

This presentation shows the recent developments in the documentary film project ``The State of the Unit.'' The film, to be completed Fall 2013, looks at historical and current efforts to define precisely the unit of mass.

Hydrologic Unit Map -- 1978, state of South Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1978-01-01

This map and accompanying table show Hydrologic Unites that are basically hydrographic in nature. The Cataloging Unites shown supplant the Cataloging Units previously depicted n the 1974 State Hydrologic Unit Map. The boundaries as shown have been adapted from the 1974 State Hydrologic Unit Map, "The Catalog of Information on Water Data" (1972), "Water Resources Regions and Subregions for the National Assessment of Water and Related Land Resources" by the U.S. Water Resources Council (1970), "River Basin of the United States" by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1963, 1970), "River Basin Maps Showing Hydrologic Stations" by the Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee on Hydrology (1961), and State planning maps. The Political Subdivision has been adopted from "Counties and County Equivalents of the States if the United States" presented in Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 6-2, issued by the National Bureau of Standards (1973) in which each county or county equivalent is identified by a 2-character State code and a 3-character county code. The Regions, Subregions and Accounting Units are aggregates of the Cataloging Unites. The Regions and Sub regions are currently (1978) used by the U.S> Water Resources Council for comprehensive planning, including the National Assessment, and as a standard geographical framework for more detailed water and related land-resources planning. The Accounting Units are those currently (1978) in use by the U.S. Geological Survey for managing the National Water Data Network. This map was revised to include a boundary realinement between Cataloging Units 10140103 and 10160009.

Flu Symptoms & Complications

MedlinePlus

... Travelers Flu Activity & Surveillance CDC's WHO Collaborating Center Situation Update: Summary of Weekly FluView Overview of Influenza Surveillance in the United States Current United States Flu Activity Map Weekly U.S. Influenza ...

Educational Attainment in the United States: 2015. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-578

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Camille L.; Bauman, Kurt

2016-01-01

This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The report examines educational attainment of the adult population by demographic and social characteristics such as age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and disability status, as well as differences in…

Curriculum as Colonizer: (Asian) American Education in the Current U.S. Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodwin, A. Lin

2010-01-01

Background/Context: The United States is currently undergoing a period of unprecedented immigration, with the majority of new arrivals coming from Asia and Latin America, not Europe. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) represent the fastest growing racial group in the United States, and schools are again being asked to socialize newcomer…

Near-term probabilistic forecast of significant wildfire events for the Western United States

Treesearch

Haiganoush K. Preisler; Karin L. Riley; Crystal S. Stonesifer; Dave E. Calkin; Matt Jolly

2016-01-01

Fire danger and potential for large fires in the United States (US) is currently indicated via several forecasted qualitative indices. However, landscape-level quantitative forecasts of the probability of a large fire are currently lacking. In this study, we present a framework for forecasting large fire occurrence - an extreme value event - and evaluating...

The Current State and Prospects of Chinese Teaching in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luo, Ling

2016-01-01

Chinese teaching arose in the United States in the 1870s, which was relatively early compared to other regions, but due to issues of politics and funding it was perennially marginalized. Chinese teaching in the United States did not see development until the early 1960s, when it began receiving funding from the U.S. government. Owing to the global…

Stability, Crisis, and Other Reasons for Optimism: University Foreign Language Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Glenn S.

2011-01-01

This article presents a brief overview of the state of university language education in the United States. Despite the impact of the world economic crisis on university language education in the United States, the profession has not yet been impacted to the extent many believe it has. Current scholarly debates allow for both a sober assessment of…

Aircraft wake vortices : a state-of-the-art review of the United States R&D program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-02-28

The report summarizes the current state-of-the-art understanding : of the aircraft wake vortex phenomenon and the results of the United : States program to minimize the restrictions caused by aircraft wake : vortices in the terminal environment. The ...

State Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

The State Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates provide data on energy prices in current dollars per million Btu and expenditures in current dollars, by state and for the United States, by energy source and by sector in annual time-series back to 1970

The Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2003. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-551

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larsen, Luke J.

2004-01-01

This report describes the foreign-born population in the United States in 2003. It provides a profile of demographic and socio economic characteristics, such as region of birth, geographic distribution in the United States, age, educational attainment, earnings, and poverty status. These characteristics are compared with those of the native…

Forest management and water in the United States [Chapter 13

Treesearch

Daniel G. Neary

2017-01-01

This chapter outlines a brief history of the United States native forests and forest plantations. It describes the past and current natural and plantation forest distribution (map, area, main species), as well as main products produced (timber, pulp, furniture, etc.). Integrated into this discussion is a characterization of the water resources of the United States and...

Pensando en Cynthia y su Hermana: Educational Implications of United States-Mexico Transnationalism for Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamann, Edmund T.; Zuniga, Victor; Garcia, Juan Sanchez

2006-01-01

We use 3 brief educational biographies of students in Mexico who have previously attended public school in the United States to introduce this literature review on United States-Mexico transnational students. This article is also the first of several planned articles stemming from a currently ongoing, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y…

X-Article: Iran Operational Design, Clausewitz, and American Diplomacy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

D. Frank United States Army 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES...addresses the United States current challenge with Iran, as the Islamic regime views itself as the regional rival to America and seeks to disrupt U.S...X-Article: Iran Operational Design, Clausewitz, and American Diplomacy by Colonel Patrick D. Frank United States Army

Competitive Electricity Market Regulation in the United States: A Primer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flores-Espino, Francisco; Tian, Tian; Chernyakhovskiy, Ilya

The electricity system in the United States is a complex mechanism where different technologies, jurisdictions and regulatory designs interact. Today, two major models for electricity commercialization operate in the United States. One is the regulated monopoly model, in which vertically integrated electricity providers are regulated by state commissions. The other is the competitive model, in which power producers can openly access transmission infrastructure and participate in wholesale electricity markets. This paper describes the origins, evolution, and current status of the regulations that enable competitive markets in the United States.

Visible or Invisible? Korean High School Students' Current Schooling Experiences in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoon, Bogum; Haag, Claudia

2010-01-01

This qualitative study examined the current schooling experiences of eight Korean high school students in the United States. By comparing and contrasting recent immigrant adolescents and 1.5/2nd generation students, the purpose of this study was to explore how their identities as Koreans or Korean Americans were formed and shifted while they…

The Asian and Pacific Islander Population in the United States: Population Characteristics, March 1999. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humes, Karen; McKinnon, Jesse

This report presents data on demographic, social, and economic characteristics of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau collected this information in the March 1999 supplement to the Current Population Survey. Topics include: geographic distribution (most Asians and Pacific Islanders live in the West in…

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2012. Current Population Reports P60-245

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeNavas-Walt, Carmen; Proctor, Bernadette D.; Smith, Jessica C.

2013-01-01

This report presents data on income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States based on information collected in the 2013 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. For most groups, the 2012 income, poverty, and health insurance estimates were not…

Current challenges and realities for forest-based businesses adjacent to public lands in the United States

Treesearch

Emily J. Davis; Jesse Abrams; Eric M. White; Cassandra Moseley

2018-01-01

Through contracting and timber sales, the private sector is engaged in management of national forest lands and local community economies in the United States. But there is little recent research about current relationships between these lands and timber purchasers that could better inform future timber and biomass sale and business assistance policies and programs. We...

A Survey of Elementary and Secondary Music Educators' Professional Background, Teaching Responsibilities and Job Satisfaction in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Wendy K.; Koner, Karen

2017-01-01

The focus of this exploratory study was to examine the current trends of K-12 music educators in the United States regarding their (a) professional background, (b) classroom teaching responsibilities, and (c) job satisfaction. Participants included seven thousand four hundred and sixty-three (N = 7,463) currently employed music teachers who were…

Atlas of current and potential future distributions of common trees of the eastern United States

Treesearch

Louis R. Iverson; Anantha M. Prasad; Betsy J. Hale; Elaine Kennedy Sutherland

1999-01-01

This atlas documents the current and possible future distribution of 80 common tree species in the Eastern United States and gives detailed information on environmental characteristics defining these distributions. Also included are outlines of life history characteristics and summary statistics for these species. Much of the data are derived from Forest Inventory and...

A Current Analysis of the Treatment of Japanese Americans and Internment in United States History Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Jeffrey M.; Buckendorf, Michael

2010-01-01

A content analysis of ten United States history textbooks (2005-2008) was conducted by the researchers to determine the current depiction of Japanese Americans and internment during the World War II era. This study updates and expands upon the textbooks used in prior research by Romanowski (1995), Harada (2000), and Ogawa (2004) that had numerous…

The Past, Present and Future of Geodemographic Research in the United States and United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Singleton, Alexander D.; Spielman, Seth E.

2014-01-01

This article presents an extensive comparative review of the emergence and application of geodemographics in both the United States and United Kingdom, situating them as an extension of earlier empirically driven models of urban socio-spatial structure. The empirical and theoretical basis for this generalization technique is also considered. Findings demonstrate critical differences in both the application and development of geodemographics between the United States and United Kingdom resulting from their diverging histories, variable data economies, and availability of academic or free classifications. Finally, current methodological research is reviewed, linking this discussion prospectively to the changing spatial data economy in both the United States and United Kingdom. PMID:25484455

Spatial distribution of specialized cardiac care units in the state of Santa Catarina

PubMed Central

Cirino, Silviana; Lima, Fabiana Santos; Gonçalves, Mirian Buss

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE To analyze the methodology used for assessing the spatial distribution of specialized cardiac care units. METHODS A modeling and simulation method was adopted for the practical application of cardiac care service in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, using the p-median model. As the state is divided into 21 health care regions, a methodology which suggests an arrangement of eight intermediate cardiac care units was analyzed, comparing the results obtained using data from 1996 and 2012. RESULTS Results obtained using data from 2012 indicated significant changes in the state, particularly in relation to the increased population density in the coastal regions. The current study provided a satisfactory response, indicated by the homogeneity of the results regarding the location of the intermediate cardiac care units and their respective regional administrations, thereby decreasing the average distance traveled by users to health care units, located in higher population density areas. The validity of the model was corroborated through the analysis of the allocation of the median vertices proposed in 1996 and 2012. CONCLUSIONS The current spatial distribution of specialized cardiac care units is more homogeneous and reflects the demographic changes that have occurred in the state over the last 17 years. The comparison between the two simulations and the current configuration showed the validity of the proposed model as an aid in decision making for system expansion. PMID:26039394

Modeling potential climate change impacts on the trees of the northeastern United States

Treesearch

Louis Iverson; Anantha Prasad; Stephen Matthews

2008-01-01

We evaluated 134 tree species from the eastern United States for potential response to several scenarios of climate change, and summarized those responses for nine northeastern United States. We modeled and mapped each species individually and show current and potential future distributions for two emission scenarios (A1fi [higher emission] and B1 [lower emission]) and...

Exploring the Sexual Health Priorities and Needs of Immigrant Latinas in the Southeastern United States: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cashman, Rebecca; Eng, Eugenia; Siman, Florence; Rhodes, Scott D.

2011-01-01

Latinas living in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. However, few effective interventions currently exist that are designed to meet the priorities and needs of recently arrived and less acculturated immigrant Latinas who are settling in the southeastern United States. To identify…

A Statistical Portrait of Women in the United States. Current Population Reports, Special Studies Series P-32, No. 58.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD.

This report presents a statistical portrait of the changing role of women in the United States during the 20th century. Data are from United States Government sources--from surveys, decennial censuses, vital statistics, and administrative records. The majority of the statistics have been published previously, either in government documents or…

Intellectual Assessment of Children and Youth in the United States of America: Past, Present, and Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kranzler, John H.; Benson, Nicholas; Floyd, Randy G.

2016-01-01

This article briefly reviews the history of intellectual assessment of children and youth in the United States of America, as well as current practices and future directions. Although administration of intelligence tests in the schools has been a longstanding practice in the United States, their use has also elicited sharp controversy over time.…

The United States and International Energy Issues. Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comptroller General of the U.S., Washington, DC.

Presented are the major international energy policy issues facing all nations, and a basis for analyzing current and proposed United States' energy policies and initiatives. Eleven issues are examined, all of which relate to one central theme: Are U.S. international energy and related policies consistent with domestic energy goals, national…

Through the Lens of a Neighbor: Perceptions of Mexican Educators and Students regarding Current United States Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cashman, Timothy G.; Rubio, Rene A.

2008-01-01

Researchers analyzed the perceptions and pedagogies of educators in two Chihuahua, Mexico, public schools with regard to United States foreign policies. The key objective of the research was to provide additional insight into the impact of recent actions taken by the United States Government, including the war in Iraq. Chihuahuan educators and…

History and current condition of longleaf pine in the Southern United States

Treesearch

Christopher M. Oswalt; Jason A. Cooper; Dale G. Brockway; Horace W. Brooks; Joan L. Walker; Kristina F. Connor; Sonja N. Oswalt; Roger C. Conner

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was once one of the most ecologically important tree species in the Southern United States. Longleaf pine and its accompanying forest ecosystems covered vast swaths of the Southern United States, spanning an estimated 92 million acres. Although once one of the most extensive forest ecosystems in North America, only a fraction of...

Nontimber forest products in the United States: Montreal Process indicators as measures of current conditions and sustainability

Treesearch

Susan J. Alexander; Sonja N. Oswalt; Marla R. Emery

2011-01-01

The United States, in partnership with 11 other countries, participates in the Montreal Process. Each country assesses national progress toward the sustainable management of forest resources by using a set of criteria and indicators agreed on by all member countries. Several indicators focus on nontimber forest products (NTFPs). In the United States, permit and...

Policy implications of drug importation.

PubMed

Palumbo, Francis B; Mullins, C Daniel; Slagle, Ashley F; Rizer, Jessica

2007-12-01

Importation of prescription drugs into the United States has been a major health policy issue for some time. The original objective of personal importation was to allow patients to have access to drugs that were not available to them in the United States either for continuation of therapy begun in another country or when all US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug options for their condition had been exhausted. An increasing proportion of personally imported drugs are currently marketed in the United States, but imported drugs are presumably available at a lower cost to the consumer. As US consumers opt for importation through Internet sites and other means of purchase from other countries, potential risks of exposure to counterfeit products have increased, presenting challenges to both the US regulatory system and pharmaceutical companies. This commentary summarizes the current state of importation of prescription drugs into the United States. Regulators and policymakers are under increasing pressure to address the high cost of branded drugs in the United States and the desires of many US patients to purchase less expensive formulations of these products through importation. In many cases, the historical policies surrounding personal importation of prescription drugs that are not sold in the United States have been blatantly ignored, leaving the FDA in a quandary. While current legislative proposals would allow for greater access to drugs directly to consumers from other countries, they do not address the fact that the FDA has no ability to monitor the safety and efficacy of imported products. As such, the possibility of the entry of counterfeit medications and the related potential harm remain concerns.

Nursing, occupational therapy, and physical therapy preparation in rheumatology in the United States and Canada.

PubMed

Jette, A M; Becker, M C

1980-11-01

Directors of undergraduate programs in nursing, physical therapy, and occupational therapy in the United States and Canada were surveyed to determine the amount and perceived adequacy of the current degree of classroom and clinical exposure to the rheumatic diseases. One hundred ninety-one (73%) of the 262 mailed questionnaires were returned. Results indicate that regardless of the actual degree of rheumatologic classroom exposure, directors in all three disciplines view current amounts as adequate. A larger proportion views levels of clinical exposure as inadequate. In general, the Canadian programs had a greater emphasis on rheumatology than their United States counterparts.

Toward Family and Community: Mental Retardation Services in Massachusetts, New England, and the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braddock, David; Hemp, Richard

1997-01-01

Current trends in mental retardation services in Massachusetts were investigated using the New England region, the state of Michigan, and the United States as comparative frames of reference. Massachusetts' movement toward reducing reliance on state institutions, reallocating funding, and developing community services and family support is…

Establishing a Rational New Zealand/United States Defense Relationship

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-16 298-102 1~4CJC SRATGYESSAY WRCITING COMIPETITION ENTRY ESTABLISHING A RATIONAL NEW...AJBAvailability Codjes ALABAMA ABSTRACT TITLE: E lishng a Rational New Zealand/United States Defense Relationship AUTHOR.- Richard J. Newlands, Wing...Current Stetu of the New Zealand/United States Relationship 12 OutstandItg Issues .1 Toward a Rational New Zealan/Unted States Defense Relationship .16

Educational Attainment in the United States: 2009. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-566

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Camille L.; Siebens, Julie

2012-01-01

This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected in the 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2005-2009 ACS 5-year estimates. It also uses data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS) collected in 2009 and earlier, as well as monthly…

Quantifying the role of urban forests in removing atmospheric carbon dioxide

Treesearch

Rowan A. Rowntree; David J. Nowak

1991-01-01

Urban land in the United States currently occupies about 69 million acres with an estimated average crown cover of 28% and an estimated tree biomass of about 27 tons/acre. This structure suggests that the current total urban forest carbon storage in the United States is approximately 800 million tons with an estimated annual net carbon storage of around 6.5 million...

Solid state recording current meter conversion

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cheng, Ralph T.; Wang, Lichen

1985-01-01

The authors describe the conversion of an Endeco-174 current meter to a solid-state recording current meter. A removable solid-state module was designed to fit in the space originally occupied by an 8-track tape cartridge. The module contains a CPU and 128 kilobytes of nonvolatile CMOS memory. The solid-state module communicates with any terminal or computer using an RS-232C interface at 4800 baud rate. A primary consideration for conversion was to keep modifications of the current meter to a minimum. The communication protocol was designed to emulate the Endeco tape translation unit, thus the need for a translation unit was eliminated and the original data reduction programs can be used without any modification. After conversion, the data recording section of the current meter contains no moving parts; the storage capacity of the module is equivalent to that of the original tape cartridge.

A Cross-Country Comparison of Virtual Discussion Board Use in United States and Costa Rican Education Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodge, Kari; Saxon, Terrill F.; Trumble, Jason

2013-01-01

The purpose of the current study was to compare the use of virtual discussion boards in various educational settings in the United States and Costa Rica. Participants included professors of education, in-service and pre-service teachers in the United States and Costa Rica where a survey was used that included demographic, knowledge, attitude, and…

Fiscal Relations across Levels of Government in the United States. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 462

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laubach, Thomas

2005-01-01

This paper discusses the current state of fiscal relations between the federal, state and local governments in the United States and suggests directions for improvement. The significant degree of fiscal autonomy of the states and, to a lesser extent, of local governments has had several beneficial effects, including the responsiveness of public…

Current Developments in Communications Law in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hadl, Robert D.

1973-01-01

Article reviews some of the major developments in communications law in the United States in the past year (1972). Significant events are covered in the areas of cable television, television programming and domestic satelites. (Author)

HPV Vaccination Practices Among Juvenile Justice Facilities in the United States

PubMed Central

Henderson, Courtney E.; Rich, Josiah D.; Lally, Michelle A.

2010-01-01

The juvenile justice setting provides a unique opportunity to administer the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to a high-risk, medically underserved population. We examined current HPV vaccination practices in the United States. Most states (39) offer the HPV vaccine to females committed to juvenile justice facilities. PMID:20413087

GRADUATE EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BERELSON, BERNARD

A BRIEF INTRODUCTORY HISTORY OF GRADUATE STUDY IS FOLLOWED BY AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF GRADUATE EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. PURPOSES OF GRADUATE STUDY, INSTITUTIONS, STUDENTS, AND PROGRAMS ARE EXAMINED. ALSO CONSIDERED ARE TEACHER SUPPLY AND DEMAND, INSTITUTIONAL GROWTH AND DECENTRALIZATION, AND STUDENT'S PREPARATION AND BACKGROUND.…

78 FR 19462 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-01

...: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of amendment of Privacy Act system of...: Unclassified. System location: Office of the Solicitor, United States Patent and Trademark Office, 600 Dulany... States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is amending the system of records currently listed under...

WATER QUALITY INDICES: A SURVEY OF INDICES USED IN THE UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

This study documents the extent to which water quality indices currently are being used in the United States. It reviews the indices published in the literature and surveys the States and interstate commissions to determine: (1) which agencies are using indices, (2) the type of i...

National Healthcare in the United States: What Counselors Should Know.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hannon, J. Wade

Few articles in the professional counseling literature address the healthcare crisis. This paper examines the current state of the United States healthcare affairs. Topics discussed include the problems in healthcare, including an inspection of the uninsured, the underinsured, rising healthcare costs, and the growing inequality in the healthcare…

76 FR 18038 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A340-200 and -300 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

... MCAI states: Two A340-300 aeroplanes experienced one single door opening of engine number (n[deg]) 3... the United States. Pursuant to our bilateral agreement with the State of Design Authority, we have... products of this type currently registered in the United States. However, this rule is necessary to ensure...

The Implementation Of Solid State Switches In A Parallel Configuration To Gain Output Current Capacity In A High Current Capacitive Discharge Unit (CDU).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chaves, Mario Paul

2017-07-01

For my project I have selected to research and design a high current pulse system, which will be externally triggered from a 5V pulse. The research will be conducted in the region of paralleling the solid state switches for a higher current output, as well as to see if there will be any other advantages in doing so. The end use of the paralleled solid state switches will be used on a Capacitive Discharge Unit (CDU). For the first part of my project, I have set my focus on the design of the circuit, selection of components, and simulation ofmore » the circuit.« less

Impact of medical tourism on cosmetic surgery in the United States.

PubMed

Franzblau, Lauren E; Chung, Kevin C

2013-10-01

Developing countries have been attracting more international patients by building state-of-the-art facilities and offering sought-after healthcare services at a fraction of the cost of the US healthcare system. These price differentials matter most for elective procedures, including cosmetic surgeries, which are paid for out of pocket. It is unclear how this rise in medical tourism will affect the practice of plastic surgery, which encompasses a uniquely large number of elective procedures. By examining trends in the globalization of the cosmetic surgery market, we can better understand the current situation and what plastic surgeons in the United States can expect. In this article, we explore both domestic and foreign factors that affect surgical tourism and the current state of this industry. We also discuss how it may affect the practice of cosmetic surgery within the United States.

Differences in cigarette and smokeless tobacco use among American Indian and Alaska Native people living in Alaska and the Southwest United States.

PubMed

Redwood, Diana; Lanier, Anne P; Renner, Caroline; Smith, Julia; Tom-Orme, Lillian; Slattery, Martha L

2010-07-01

This study analyzed self-reported tobacco use among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people enrolled in the Education and Research Towards Health Study in Alaska (n = 3,821) and the Southwest United States (n = 7,505) from 2004 to 2006. Participants (7,060 women and 4,266 men) completed a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire on cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) use. Current use of cigarettes was considerably higher in Alaska than in the Southwest United States (32% vs. 8%). Current ST use was also more common in Alaska than in the Southwest United States (18% vs. 8%). Additionally, smoking was more common among men, younger age, those who were not married, and who only spoke English at home, while ST use was more common among men, those with lower educational attainment and those who spoke an AI/AN language at home (p < .01). Compared with the U.S. general population, AI/AN people living in Alaska were more likely and those living in the Southwest United States were less likely to be current smokers. Rates of ST use, including homemade ST, in both regions were much higher than the U.S. general population. Tobacco use among AI/AN people in the Southwest United States, who have a tradition of ceremonial tobacco use, was far lower than among Alaska Native people, who do not have a tribal tradition. Tobacco use is a key risk factor for multiple diseases. Reduction of tobacco use is a critical prevention measure to improve the health of AI/AN people.

The Social and Economic Status of the Black Population in the United States 1974. Current Population Reports, Special Studies, Series P-23, No. 54.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKenney, Nampeo D.R.; And Others

This population report presents current census and other governmental and private agency statistics on the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the black population in the United States for 1974. Recent trends dating from 1970 to 1974 (and in the case of income and labor force, including early 1975 figures) are examined for…

The Astarita Report: A Military Strategy for the Multipolar World

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-30

With some latitude because of the current lack of black African unity, the United States should expect increasing domestic ,political pressure to "do...clearer. Strategic nuclear retaliatory foecas are the keystone of American military strategy, and United States nuclear "sufficiency" is an absolute...assurance?" Current forward deployments -- like elephant bane -- must be assumed to represdnt the upper limits, since the alliances have endured. The lower

The Influence of the September 11, 2001 Attacks and Related Events Years Later on the Expectations and Experiences of Saudi Undergraduate Students Studying in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghaleb, Sarah Mohammad

2013-01-01

This study was designed to determine whether or not undergraduate Saudi Arabian students currently studying in the United States still expect and experience negativity more than a decade after the events related to September 11, 2001. The study target population is all undergraduate Saudi students currently studying through the Saudi Arabian…

Interactive effects of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems in the United States: current understanding and future scenarios

Treesearch

Andrzej Bytnerowicz; Mark Fenn; Steven McNulty; Fengming Yuan; Afshin Pourmokhtarian; Charles Driscoll; Tom Meixner

2013-01-01

A review of the current status of air pollution and climate change (CC) in the United States from a perspective of their impacts on forest ecosystems is provided. Ambient ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition have important and widespread ecological impacts in U.S. forests. Effects of sulphurous (S) air pollutants and other trace pollutants have...

The estimated impact of human papillomavirus vaccine coverage on the lifetime cervical cancer burden among girls currently aged 12 years and younger in the United States.

PubMed

Chesson, Harrell W; Ekwueme, Donatus U; Saraiya, Mona; Dunne, Eileen F; Markowitz, Lauri E

2014-11-01

Using a previously published dynamic model, we illustrate the potential benefits of human papillomavirus vaccination among girls currently 12 years or younger in the United States. Increasing vaccine coverage of young girls to 80% would avert 53,300 lifetime cervical cancer cases versus 30% coverage and 28,800 cases versus 50% coverage.

Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bluetongue virus serotype 2 strains isolated in the Americas including a novel strain from the western United States.

PubMed

Gaudreault, Natasha N; Mayo, Christie E; Jasperson, Dane C; Crossley, Beate M; Breitmeyer, Richard E; Johnson, Donna J; Ostlund, Eileen N; MacLachlan, N James; Wilson, William C

2014-07-01

Bluetongue is a potentially fatal arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is characterized by widespread edema and tissue necrosis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 occur throughout much of the United States, whereas serotype 2 (BTV-2) was previously only detected in the southeastern United States. Since 1998, 10 other BTV serotypes have also been isolated from ruminants in the southeastern United States. In 2010, BTV-2 was identified in California for the first time, and preliminary sequence analysis indicated that the virus isolate was closely related to BTV strains circulating in the southeastern United States. In the current study, the whole genome sequence of the California strain of BTV-2 was compared with those of other BTV-2 strains in the Americas. The results of the analysis suggest co-circulation of genetically distinct viruses in the southeastern United States, and further suggest that the 2010 western isolate is closely related to southeastern strains of BTV. Although it remains uncertain as to how this novel virus was translocated to California, the findings of the current study underscore the need for ongoing surveillance of this economically important livestock disease.

Needed: Reincarnation of National Defense Education Act of 1958

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, Mary M.; Miller, James R.

2005-06-01

This paper reviews the historical and current response of the United States to threats to its world leadership in scientific endeavors, with particular attention to the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The current status of the United States in mathematics, science, and engineering education is reviewed with respect to K-12 student achievement, K-12 teacher quality, numbers of degrees granted, and other indicators of international competitiveness. Concluding that we are a nation in peril, recommendations are made to enhance the likelihood that the United States will retain its preeminent position in science and technology and, therefore, provide for the national defense and economic wellbeing of citizens in an information age and global economy.

Current Perspective on the Use of Opioids in Perioperative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Literature Review, National Survey of 70,000 Physicians, and Multidisciplinary Clinical Appraisal.

PubMed

Jahr, Jonathan S; Bergese, Sergio D; Sheth, Ketan R; Bernthal, Nicholas M; Ho, Hung S; Stoicea, Nicoleta; Apfel, Christian C

2017-08-16

Opioids represent an important analgesic option for physicians managing acute pain in surgical patients. Opioid management is not without its drawbacks, however, and current trends suggest that opioids might be overused in the United States. An expert panel was convened to conduct a clinical appraisal regarding the use of opioids in the perioperative setting. The clinical appraisal consisted of the review, presentation, and assessment of current published evidence as it relates to the statement "Opioids are not overused in the United States, even though opioid adjunct therapy achieves greater pain control with less risk." The authors' evaluation of this statement was also compared with the results of a national survey of surgeons and anesthesiologists in the United States. We report the presented literature and proceedings of the panel discussion. The national survey revealed a wide range of opinions regarding opioid overuse in the United States. Current published evidence provides support for the efficacy of opioid therapy in surgical patients; however, it is not sufficient to conclude unequivocally that opioids are-or are not-overused in the management of acute surgical pain in the United States. Opioids remain a key component of multimodal perioperative analgesia, and strategic opioid use based on clinical considerations and patient-specific needs represents an opportunity to support improved postoperative outcomes and satisfaction. Future studies should focus on identifying optimal procedure-specific and patient-centered approaches to multimodal perioperative analgesia. © 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Prioritization of K-12 World Language Education in the United States: State Requirements for High School Graduation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Rourke, Polly; Zhou, Qian; Rottman, Isaac

2016-01-01

In view of the importance of increasing multilingualism in the United States, the current study examined state policy for high school graduation requirements in the 50 states and the District of Columbia as an index of the way in which the study of world language is positioned and prioritized in K--12 education. Only seven states require the study…

A survey of current ostrich handling and transport practices in North America with reference to ostrich welfare and transportation guidelines set up in other countries.

PubMed

Bejaei, M; Cheng, K M

2014-02-01

Appropriate management of an ostrich's exposure to stressors during preslaughter handling and transport practices can improve its well-being and product quality. Because of the lack of information about ostrich farming and transportation in North America and lack of developed Codes of Practice for ratite transport in Canada and the United States, the first objective of our research was to identify current preslaughter handling and transport practices of the ostrich industry in Canada and the United States, and to identify potential welfare issues based on the current practices. The second objective of this research was to review ostrich transport welfare standards and guidelines from Australia, European Union, New Zealand, and South Africa to investigate if those guidelines are applicable to Canadian and American ostrich production systems. Preliminary producer interviews, on-farm visits, and literature review information sources were used to design a producer questionnaire that was used to survey producers by Internet and mail surveying methods to identify existing ostrich transport norms in Canada and the United States. Based on the results of our producer survey and review of the transport standards and guidelines, we conclude that following factors are potential ostrich handling and transport welfare issues in Canada and the United States: lack of scientific information about welfare of ostriches during handling and transport; unfamiliarity of handlers and birds with handling and transport practices; not considering birds' social bounds, sex, behavior, and physical state in mixing them during handling and transport process; lack of an established specific maximum water and feed withdrawal duration for ostrich transport in Canada and the United States; lack of a specific vehicle designed for ratite transportation in Canada and the United States considering different physical body characteristics of ostriches compared with other species; exposure of birds to natural light during transport inside the trailer; overcrowding; and long transportation in Canada and the United States. Results of this research will contribute toward developing Codes of Practice for preslaughter handling, transportation, and slaughter of ostriches in Canada and the United States.

Argentina: Its Physical-Cultural Backgrounds and Implications for United States Foreign Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vent, Herbert J.

1974-01-01

This article provides a short history of political events in Argentina and a look at the people, geography, and economy of the country in order to consider current relations between Argentina and the United States. (JH)

78 FR 85 - In the Matter of: Emenike Charles Nwankwoala Currently Incarcerated at: Inmate Number 50756-037...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

... willfully exporting, causing to be exported, and attempting to export from the United States to Nigeria..., causing to exported, and attempting to export from the United States to Nigeria shotguns without having...

Financing Child Care in the United States: An Illustrative Catalog of Current Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Anne; Stoney, Louise; Dichter, Harriet

This catalog provides information on innovative financing strategies, primarily state and community strategies, being used successfully to fund child care in the United States. Five sections of the manual are devoted to profiles of programs using the following categories of strategies: (1) generating new public revenue for child care, including…

Executive Summary: Forests of the Northern United States

Treesearch

Stephen R. Shifley; Francisco X. Aguilar; Nianfu Song; Susan I. Stewart; David J. Nowak; Dale D. Gormanson; W. Keith Moser; Sherri Wormstead; Eric J. Greenfield

2012-01-01

This executive summary provides an overview of the 200-page report, Forests of the Northern United States, which covers in detail current forest conditions, recent trends, issues, threats and opportunities in the forests in the 20 Northern States. It provides a context for subsequent Northern Forest Futures Project analyses that will forecast alternative future...

Chapter 8. Current management situation: Boreal owls

Treesearch

Jon Verner

1994-01-01

The range of boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) in the United States includes Alaska, the mountains of the western United States, and the northern tier states from the Atlantic to Pacific (see Chapter 9). Based on the species' documented distribution (see National Geographic Society 1987, Hayward et al. 1987, Johnsgard 1988, and others) the owl may...

Examining Pharmacy Workforce Issues in the United States and the United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Covvey, Jordan R.; Cohron, Peter P.

2015-01-01

Objective. To examine available data and actions surrounding current pharmacy workforce issues in the United States and United Kingdom. Methods. Published pharmacy workforce data from the United States and United Kingdom were gathered from various sources, including PUBMED, Internet search engines, and pharmacy organization websites. Data was collated from additional sources including scientific literature, internal documents, news releases, and policy positions. Results. The number of colleges and schools of pharmacy has expanded by approximately 50% in both the United States and United Kingdom over the previous decade. In the United States, continued demand for the pharmacy workforce has been forecasted, but this need is based on outdated supply figures and assumptions for economic recovery. In the United Kingdom, workforce modeling has predicted a significant future oversupply of pharmacists, and action within the profession has attempted to address the situation through educational planning and regulation. Conclusion. Workforce planning is an essential task for sustaining a healthy profession. Recent workforce planning mechanisms in the United Kingdom may provide guidance for renewed efforts within the profession in the United States. PMID:25861098

Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: latest developments.

PubMed

Suay-García, B; Pérez-Gracia, M T

2017-07-01

Gonorrhea is the second most frequently reported notifiable disease in the United States and is becoming increasingly common in Europe. The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in order to evaluate future prospects for its treatment. An exhaustive literature search was conducted to include the latest research regarding drug resistance and treatment guidelines for gonorrhea. Gonococci have acquired all known resistance mechanisms to all antimicrobials used for treatment. Currently, the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom have established surveillance programs to assess, on a yearly basis, the development of gonococcal resistance. Current treatment guidelines are being threatened by the increasing number of ceftriaxone-, cefixime-, and azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains being detected worldwide. This has led the scientific community to develop new treatment options with new molecules in order to persevere in the battle against this "superbug".

USSR Report, International Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-25

FRG has already surpassed the United States, and in terms of volume of capital investment per worker the United States lags behind the FRG, Japan and...countries, workers ’ real income is decreasing. For instance, in the United States this figure is currently 14 percent lower than at the beginning of the...enterprises, specifically, a tannery in Yerevan, a shoe-making complex in Voroshilovgrad and a knitted cloth factory in the city of Zhodino.12 The

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Tooele Army Depot | Concentrating

Science.gov Websites

: Dish/Engine Turbine Capacity: Net: 1.5 MW Gross: 1.5 MW Status: Currently Non-Operational Start Year : Currently Non-Operational Country: United States City: Tooele State: Utah County: Tooele County Lat/Long

Private sector deployment of intelligent transportation systems : current status and trends

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-02-01

This report summarizes the current state of deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems and related technologies by the private sector in the United States. Coverage is focused primarily on in-vehicle entertainment, information and communication...

Impact of Medical Tourism on Cosmetic Surgery in the United States

PubMed Central

Franzblau, Lauren E.

2013-01-01

Summary: Developing countries have been attracting more international patients by building state-of-the-art facilities and offering sought-after healthcare services at a fraction of the cost of the US healthcare system. These price differentials matter most for elective procedures, including cosmetic surgeries, which are paid for out of pocket. It is unclear how this rise in medical tourism will affect the practice of plastic surgery, which encompasses a uniquely large number of elective procedures. By examining trends in the globalization of the cosmetic surgery market, we can better understand the current situation and what plastic surgeons in the United States can expect. In this article, we explore both domestic and foreign factors that affect surgical tourism and the current state of this industry. We also discuss how it may affect the practice of cosmetic surgery within the United States. PMID:25289258

Effect of US health policies on health care access for Marshallese migrants.

PubMed

McElfish, Pearl Anna; Hallgren, Emily; Yamada, Seiji

2015-04-01

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation previously under the administrative control of the United States. Since 1986, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) between the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States allows Marshall Islands citizens to freely enter, lawfully reside, and work in the United States, and provides the United States exclusive military control of the region. When the COFA was signed, COFA migrants were eligible for Medicaid and other safety net programs. However, these migrants were excluded from benefits as a consequence of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Currently, COFA migrants have limited access to health care benefits in the United States, which perpetuates health inequalities.

Effect of US Health Policies on Health Care Access for Marshallese Migrants

PubMed Central

Hallgren, Emily; Yamada, Seiji

2015-01-01

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation previously under the administrative control of the United States. Since 1986, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) between the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States allows Marshall Islands citizens to freely enter, lawfully reside, and work in the United States, and provides the United States exclusive military control of the region. When the COFA was signed, COFA migrants were eligible for Medicaid and other safety net programs. However, these migrants were excluded from benefits as a consequence of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Currently, COFA migrants have limited access to health care benefits in the United States, which perpetuates health inequalities. PMID:25713965

Review Essay: On Mexican Immigration, the United States, and Chicano History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia, Mario T.

1979-01-01

After a review of current literature on Mexican immigration to this country, this paper focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of Mark Reisler's "By the Sweat of Their Brow: Mexican Immigrant Labor in the United States, 1900-1940." (EB)

Domestic returns from investment in the control of tuberculosis in other countries.

PubMed

Schwartzman, Kevin; Oxlade, Olivia; Barr, R Graham; Grimard, Franque; Acosta, Ivelisse; Baez, Jeannette; Ferreira, Elizabeth; Melgen, Ricardo Elías; Morose, Willy; Salgado, Arturo Cruz; Jacquet, Vary; Maloney, Susan; Laserson, Kayla; Mendez, Ariel Pablos; Menzies, Dick

2005-09-08

We hypothesized that investments to improve the control of tuberculosis in selected high-incidence countries would prove to be cost saving for the United States by reducing the incidence of the disease among migrants. Using decision analysis, we estimated tuberculosis-related morbidity, mortality, and costs among legal immigrants and refugees, undocumented migrants, and temporary visitors from Mexico after their entry into the United States. We assessed the current strategy of radiographic screening of legal immigrants plus current tuberculosis-control programs alone and with the addition of either U.S.-funded expansion of the strategy of directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS), in Mexico or tuberculin skin testing to screen legal immigrants from Mexico. We also examined tuberculosis-related outcomes among migrants from Haiti and the Dominican Republic using the same three strategies. As compared with the current strategy, expanding the DOTS program in Mexico at a cost to the United States of 34.9 million dollars would result in 2591 fewer cases of tuberculosis in the United States, with 349 fewer deaths from the disease and net discounted savings of 108 million dollars over a 20-year period. Adding tuberculin skin testing to radiographic screening of legal immigrants from Mexico would result in 401 fewer cases of tuberculosis in the United States but would cost an additional 329 million dollars. Expansion of the DOTS program would remain cost saving even if the initial investment were doubled, if the United States paid for all antituberculosis drugs in Mexico, or if the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis in Mexico was less than projected. A 9.4 million dollars investment to expand the DOTS program in Haiti and the Dominican Republic would result in net U.S. savings of 20 million dollars over a 20-year period. U.S.-funded efforts to expand the DOTS program in Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic could reduce tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among migrants to the United States, producing net cost savings for the United States. Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Differences in cigarette and smokeless tobacco use among American Indian and Alaska Native people living in Alaska and the Southwest United States

PubMed Central

Lanier, Anne P.; Renner, Caroline; Smith, Julia; Tom-Orme, Lillian; Slattery, Martha L.

2010-01-01

Introduction: This study analyzed self-reported tobacco use among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people enrolled in the Education and Research Towards Health Study in Alaska (n = 3,821) and the Southwest United States (n = 7,505) from 2004 to 2006. Methods: Participants (7,060 women and 4,266 men) completed a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire on cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) use. Results: Current use of cigarettes was considerably higher in Alaska than in the Southwest United States (32% vs. 8%). Current ST use was also more common in Alaska than in the Southwest United States (18% vs. 8%). Additionally, smoking was more common among men, younger age, those who were not married, and who only spoke English at home, while ST use was more common among men, those with lower educational attainment and those who spoke an AI/AN language at home (p < .01). Compared with the U.S. general population, AI/AN people living in Alaska were more likely and those living in the Southwest United States were less likely to be current smokers. Rates of ST use, including homemade ST, in both regions were much higher than the U.S. general population. Discussion: Tobacco use among AI/AN people in the Southwest United States, who have a tradition of ceremonial tobacco use, was far lower than among Alaska Native people, who do not have a tribal tradition. Tobacco use is a key risk factor for multiple diseases. Reduction of tobacco use is a critical prevention measure to improve the health of AI/AN people. PMID:20525781

A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Early Childhood Professional Development for Providers and Recipients in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linder, Sandra M.; Rembert, Kellye; Simpson, Amber; Ramey, M. Deanna

2016-01-01

This multi-phase mixed-methods study explores provider and recipient perceptions of the current state of early childhood professional development in a southeastern area of the United States. Professional development for the early childhood workforce has been shown to positively influence the quality of early childhood classrooms. This study…

A National Survey of Spanish Language Testing for Placement of Outcome Assessment at B.A. -Granting Institutions in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wherritt, Irene; Cleary, T. Anne

1990-01-01

Describes the results of a national survey that was conducted to determine the current state of Spanish-language testing for placement and outcome assessments. The survey was undertaken in the United States in the departments of Spanish in B.A.-granting institutions. (Author/VWL)

Music Education in Montessori Schools: An Exploratory Study of School Directors' Perceptions in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajan, Rekha S.

2017-01-01

This exploratory study examined the changing role of music education and the availability of musical experiences for students attending Montessori schools in the Midwestern United States. On a survey instrument designed by the researcher, Montessori school directors (N = 36) from eight states shared descriptions of the current role of music at…

Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States

Treesearch

Kristin Floress; Mary Beth Kolozsvary; Jean Mangun

2017-01-01

In this article, we describe how protecting vernal pools was discussed by experts in the northeastern United States (U.S) within the context of a theoretical policy framework. We offer insight about characteristics of feasible vernal pool policy solutions, and identify gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding conditions in states currently lacking specific...

Women's Studies in the United States: A Report to the Ford Foundation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stimpson, Catherine R.; Cobb, Nina Kressner

Revealing the amount of work that has been done in women's studies since 1970, the report presents a view of women's studies as it exists today in the United States. The report's broad vision reflects the intellectual vitality and diverse characteristics of the current state of women's studies research, the recommendations for broadening the…

76 FR 36511 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab; Amendment 3

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

...-BA22 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab; Amendment 3 AGENCY... the Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery Management Plan (FMP) (Amendment 3), incorporating a draft... current trap limit regulations state that red crab may not be harvested from gear other than a marked red...

Comparative Indicators of Education in the United States and Other G-8 Countries: 2006. NCES 2007-006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, David C.; Sen, Anindita; Malley, Lydia B.

2007-01-01

This report describes how the education system in the United States compares with education systems in the other Group of Eight (G-8) countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom. The report draws on the most current information about education from three primary sources: the Indicators of…

14 CFR 65.111 - Certificate required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... connection with civil aircraft of the United States (including the reserve parachute of a dual parachute system to be used for intentional parachute jumping) unless that person holds an appropriate current... intentional parachute jumping in connection with civil aircraft of the United States unless that person— (1...

Survey of the status of truck safety : Brazil, China, Australia, and the United States.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

This report reviews the status of truck safety in four countries, Australia, Brazil, China, : and the United States. The report describes the role of road freight transportation in each : country; characterizes the current level of safety; and identi...

Chapter E: History and Overview of the U.S. Diatomite Mining Industry, with Emphasis on the Western United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moyle, Phillip R.; Dolley, Thomas P.

2003-01-01

The United States is the largest producer and consumer of diatomite in the world. In 2001, the United States produced about a third of the estimated global production of 1.95 million metric tons (Mt) of diatomite (Dolley, 2003). In any given year, the United States accounts for at least 50 percent of all the diatomite exported in the world (Roskill, 1994). Seven diatomite companies operating in the United States produce diatomite in various grades for a range of applications, including filtration, absorbents, fillers, insulation, and cement manufacture. Economic deposits of diatomite within the United States depend on variations in the physical and chemical properties between and within deposits, potential end uses, and proximity to suitable markets. On the basis of historical production figures, estimated U.S. diatomite-production capacity is currently about 800,000 metric tons per year (t/yr).

Rates of strabismus surgery in the United States: implications for manpower needs in pediatric ophthalmology.

PubMed

Dombrow, Matthew; Engel, Harry M

2007-08-01

To investigate rates of strabismus surgery and population projections in the United States and to consider whether a sufficient number of pediatric ophthalmologists are being trained to meet future needs. Review of online data from Series 13 reports from the National Center for Health Statistics for the period 1965 to 1996, including reports from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery. Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. The current rate of strabismus surgery for children under 15 years of age is 80 per 100,000 persons in the United States. This rate would generate an additional 389 strabismus cases annually, based on the predicted growth of the pediatric population. On average, today's pediatric ophthalmologist performs about 114 strabismus procedures annually. If the current rates and trends remain stable over the coming years, it is not likely that there will be a shortage of pediatric ophthalmologists in the United States.

Bedrock Prime: How Can the United States Best Address the Need to Achieve Dominance within the Subterranean Domain?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-14

monolithic construction (formed from a single piece of hard material) and made of a high-strength alloy. The use of monolithic construction eliminates...is the class of sub-caliber solid depleted uranium or tungsten “darts” that are conveyed by a sabot during gun launching. Current penetrating...and deeper fortifications which are largely immune to the current United States weapons inventory. Advanced construction and design techniques

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carr, F. Jr.; Mahaffey, J.A.

The purpose of the DOE/OHER Chernobyl Database project is to create and maintain an information system to provide usable information for research studies related to the nuclear accident. The system is the official United States repository for information about the Chernobyl accident and its consequences, and currently includes an extensive bibliography and diverse radiological measurements with supporting information. PNL has established two resources: original (not summarized) measurement data, currently about 80,000 measurements, with ancillary information; and about 2,200 bibliographic citations, some including abstracts. Major organizations that have contributed radiological measurement data include the Washington State Department of Social and Healthmore » Services; United States Environmental Protection Agency (domestic and foreign data); United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Stone Webster; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Commissariat A L'energie Atomique in France; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the United Kingdom; Japan National Institute of Radiological Sciences; and the Finnish Centre For Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK). Scientists in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, England, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, Wales, and Yugoslavia have made contributions. Bibliographic materials have been obtained from scientists in the above countries that have replied to requests. In addition, literature searches have been conducted, including a search of the DOE Energy Database. The last search was conducted in January, 1989. This document lists the bibliographic information in the DOE/OHER Chernobyl Database at the current time.« less

An Algebraic Approach to Unital Quantities and their Measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domotor, Zoltan; Batitsky, Vadim

2016-06-01

The goals of this paper fall into two closely related areas. First, we develop a formal framework for deterministic unital quantities in which measurement unitization is understood to be a built-in feature of quantities rather than a mere annotation of their numerical values with convenient units. We introduce this idea within the setting of certain ordered semigroups of physical-geometric states of classical physical systems. States are assumed to serve as truth makers of metrological statements about quantity values. A unital quantity is presented as an isomorphism from the target system's ordered semigroup of states to that of positive reals. This framework allows us to include various derived and variable quantities, encountered in engineering and the natural sciences. For illustration and ease of presentation, we use the classical notions of length, time, electric current and mean velocity as primordial examples. The most important application of the resulting unital quantity calculus is in dimensional analysis. Second, in evaluating measurement uncertainty due to the analog-to-digital conversion of the measured quantity's value into its measuring instrument's pointer quantity value, we employ an ordered semigroup framework of pointer states. Pointer states encode the measuring instrument's indiscernibility relation, manifested by not being able to distinguish the measured system's topologically proximal states. Once again, we focus mainly on the measurement of length and electric current quantities as our motivating examples. Our approach to quantities and their measurement is strictly state-based and algebraic in flavor, rather than that of a representationalist-style structure-preserving numerical assignment.

History and Current Status of Divorce in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furstenberg, Frank F., Jr.

1994-01-01

Explores the remarkable shift in marriage and divorce practices that has occurred in the last third of this century in the United States. Information is presented on trends in this country and other industrialized nations, and some reasons for these changes are explored. (SLD)

14 CFR 65.111 - Certificate required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... connection with civil aircraft of the United States (including the reserve parachute of a dual parachute system to be used for intentional parachute jumping) unless that person holds an appropriate current... jumping in connection with civil aircraft of the United States unless that person― (1) Has an appropriate...

Determining seed transmission of sugarcane mosaic virus and sugarcane yellow leaf virus in sugarcane

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The importation of sugarcane germplasm is essential to diversify sugarcane germplasm used in United States breeding programs. Foreign germplasm is received primarily as vegetative cuttings. Current permit requirements for importing sugarcane seed into the United States are impractical and limit the ...

76 FR 55744 - Currently Approved Information Collection: Comment Request for Application for Intellectual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-08

... Request for Application for Intellectual Property Use Forms AGENCY: United States Mint. ACTION: Notice and... United States Mint Application for Intellectual Property Use forms. DATES: Written comments should be....treas.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Applications for Intellectual Property Use. OMB Number...

Chapter 3. Current management situation: Flammulated owls

Treesearch

Jon Verner

1994-01-01

The flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) is a western mountain species associated mainly with ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jefferyi) forests in the United States and Canada (see Chapter 4). As a neotropical migrant, this small forest owl occurs on national forests in the United States during...

77 FR 65665 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

...: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Title: Usage of Elevators for Occupant Evacuation... elevators are currently used by occupants of existing multi- story buildings in the United States during... with or in charge of developing emergency procedures for multi-story buildings in the United States...

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Colorado Integrated Solar Project |

Science.gov Websites

Energy's Cameo Station's Unit 2 (approximately 2 MWe equivalent) in order to decrease the overall MW Status: Currently Non-Operational Start Year: 2010 Do you have more information, corrections, or comments? Background Technology: Parabolic trough Status: Currently Non-Operational Country: United States

Energy efficient industrial technology in Europe: A compendium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fassbender, A. G.; McGee, M. J.

1982-05-01

Energy efficient industrial technologies currently in use in Europe are described. Gas-fired equipment in West Germany, France, and the United Kingdom is emphasized. Some of these technologies are unique and some are currently available in the United States. Load management, cogeneration, heat recovery, and various industrial processes are discussed.

Allograft update: the current status of tissue regulation, procurement, processing, and sterilization.

PubMed

McAllister, David R; Joyce, Michael J; Mann, Barton J; Vangsness, C Thomas

2007-12-01

Allografts are commonly used during sports medicine surgical procedures in the United States, and their frequency of use is increasing. Based on surgeon reports, it is estimated that more than 60 000 allografts were used in knee surgeries by members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine in 2005. In the United States, there are governmental agencies and other regulatory bodies involved in the oversight of tissue banks. In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration finalized its requirements for current good tissue practice and has mandated new rules regarding the "manufacture" of allogenic tissue. In response to well-publicized infections associated with the implantation of allograft tissue, some tissue banks have developed methods to sterilize allograft tissue. Although many surgeons have significant concerns about the safety of allografts, the majority believe that sterilized allografts are safe but that the sterilization process negatively affects tissue biology and biomechanics. However, most know very little about the principles of sterilization and the proprietary processes currently used in tissue banking. This article will review the current status of allograft tissue regulation, procurement, processing, and sterilization in the United States.

Straddling Two Social Worlds: The Experience of Vietnamese Refugee Children in the United States. Urban Diversity Series No. 111.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhou, Min; Bankston, Carl L., III

This monograph examines the current state of Vietnamese America, summarizing research findings on Vietnamese children, both those who are native born and those born in Vietnam and raised in the United States. It provides insight into the unique experience of these children in order to help educators, administrators, and social workers deal…

Forest conditions and trends in the northern United States

Treesearch

Stephen R. Shifley; Francisco X. Aguilar; Nianfu Song; Susan I. Stewart; David J. Nowak; Dale D. Gormanson; W. Keith Moser; Sherri Wormstead; Eric J. Greenfield

2012-01-01

This section describes current conditions and trends for the 20 Northern States by focusing on selected characteristics associated with forest sustainability. Its format is based upon a set of 64 indicators within 7 broad criteria that the United States and 11 other countries have adopted under the auspices of the Montréal Process Working Group on Criteria and...

Graduate Education and Professional Practice in International Peace and Conflict. Special Report 246

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carstarphen, Nike; Zelizer, Craig; Harris, Robert; Smith, David J.

2010-01-01

Over the past two decades, the number of academic institutions providing education and training in international peace and conflict resolution in the United States has grown. Much of this development has been at the graduate level. In the fall of 2005, to assess the current state of the field more accurately, the United States Institute of Peace…

Assessing the coal resources of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gluskoter, Harold J.; Flores, R.M.; Hatch, J.; Kirschbaum, M.A.; Ruppert, L.F.; Warwick, Peter D.

1996-01-01

In 1994, coal production in the United States reached the highest level in history (slightly more than 909 million metric tons or one billion short tons), continuing the upward trend of coal production and utilization that began 34 years ago. Previous assessments of the coal resources of the United States, which were completed as early as 1909, clearly indicated that the total coal resources of the Nation are large and that utilization at the current rate will not soon deplete them.

Deterrence and the United States Coast Guard: Enhancing Current Practice with Performance Measures

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

Talley,  Jin , Kite Powell,  The US Coast Guard Vessel Inspection Programme (2005)  Deterrence and the United States Coast Guard: Enhancing Current...practical problem-solving, not from theory or strategy. As a result, the activities are fractured and may not even be recognized as related to...of Sun Tzu’s admonition: “Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat.” The US

Unseen Workers in the Academic Factory: Perceptions of Neoracism among International Postdocs in the United States and the United Kingdom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cantwell, Brendan; Lee, Jenny J.

2010-01-01

In this article, Brendan Cantwell and Jenny J. Lee examine the experiences of international postdocs and their varying career paths in the current political economy of academic capitalism through the lens of neoracism. Using in-depth interviews with science and engineering faculty and international postdocs in the United States and the United…

Additive Manufacturing (AM) in Expeditionary Operations: Current Needs, Technical Challenges, and Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

site customization of existing models. The author performed an empirical study centered around a survey of United States Marine Corps (USMC) and United...recommends that more studies be performed to determine the best way forward for AM within the USMC and USN. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 3D printing, additive...customization of existing models. The author performed an em- pirical study centered around a survey of United States Marine Corps (USMC) and United

Stemless shoulder arthroplasty: current status.

PubMed

Churchill, R Sean

2014-09-01

Since the original Neer humeral replacement in the 1950s, the standard primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty design has slowly evolved. Most recently, the humeral stem has become progressively shorter to help combat stem-related complications. Currently, there are several companies who have developed and marketed a stemless humeral arthroplasty component. Manufacturers' data for 5 stemless shoulder arthroplasty components currently on the market were analyzed and reviewed. A literature review of short-term results for stemless shoulder arthroplasty was completed. Of the stemless shoulder arthroplasty systems available on the market, 3 are currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States. The Tornier Simpliciti (Tornier, Edina, MN, USA) clinical trial began in 2011. The study with 2-year minimum follow-up results is scheduled for completion in November 2014. The Arthrex Eclipse (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) clinical trial was started in January 2013. The tentative study completion date is 2017. The Biomet Nano (Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) clinical trial began in October 2013 and also has a tentative completion date of 2017. No other clinical trial is currently under way in the United States. Early results for stemless shoulder arthroplasty indicate clinical results similar to standard stemmed shoulder arthroplasty. Radiographic analysis indicates implant stability without migration or subsidence at 2- to 3-year minimum follow-up.. Several stemless shoulder arthroplasty implants are available outside the United States. Early clinical and radiographic results are promising, but well-designed clinical studies and midterm results are lacking. Three clinical trials are currently under way in the United States with initial availability for use anticipated in 2015. Copyright © 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of cardiothoracic surgery training in USA and Germany.

PubMed

Tchantchaleishvili, Vakhtang; Mokashi, Suyog A; Rajab, Taufiek K; Bolman, R Morton; Chen, Frederick Y; Schmitto, Jan D

2010-11-26

Training of cardiothoracic surgeons in Europe and the United States has expanded to incorporate new operative techniques and requirements. The purpose of this study was to compare the current structure of training programs in the United States and Germany. We thoroughly reviewed the existing literature with particular focus on the curriculum, salary, board certification and quality of life for cardiothoracic trainees. The United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany each have different cardiothoracic surgery training programs with specific strengths and weaknesses which are compared and presented in this publication. The future of cardiothoracic surgery training will become affected by technological, demographic, economic and supply factors. Given current trends in training programs, creating an efficient training system would allow trainees to compete and grow in this constantly changing environment.

Lime application to manure as a management strategy for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Arrival of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv) in 2013 resulted in billions of dollars in losses in the United States. Currently, increased on-farm biosecurity and mortality management help limit the virus spread. Managing PEDv infections requires mandatory reporting to the United States Depart...

The Black Population in the United States: March 1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Claudette E.

1993-01-01

This report presents a statistical portrait of the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the black population in the United States that is based primarily on the March 1992 Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Topics covered include: population growth; marital status; family type and distribution; the living arrangements of…

77 FR 6774 - United States Standards for Grades of Eggplant

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... that mixing colors and/or types of eggplant in a specialty pack is a current marketing practice. The U... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Marketing Service [Doc. AMS-FV-11-0052] United States Standards for Grades of Eggplant AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The...

Nonstandard Employment in the Nonmetropolitan United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Diane K.; Coleman-Jensen, Alisha J.

2008-01-01

We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic and work…

EPA and a Brief History of Environmental Law in the United States

EPA Science Inventory

There are numerous environmental laws in the United States (US) which provide the common purpose to protect human health and the environment. Most current major environmental statutes were passed in a timeframe from the late 1960s through the early 1980s. On 1 January 1970, Pre...

Attribution Theory in Science Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craig, Martin

2013-01-01

Recent research reveals consistent lags in American students' science achievement scores. Not only are the scores lower in the United States compared to other developed nations, but even within the United States, too many students are well below science proficiency scores for their grade levels. The current research addresses this problem by…

Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Health Statistics (DHHS/PHS), Hyattsville, MD.

This report summarizes the current status and trends in nonmarital childbearing in the United States, and presents a series of supplemental papers by experts from social science disciplines. "Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States" (Kristin A. Moore) introduces the topic, indicating that nearly a third of all births in the country…

The Trend toward More Directive Moral Education in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torney-Purta, Judith; Schwille, John

1983-01-01

Describes the history of moral and values education in the United States, highlighting concerns about indoctrination and relativism. The current strength of several approaches is assessed: directive moral education supportive of common core civic values; values clarification; and the approach based on Kohlberg's theory. (Author/CS)

Transnational Stakeholders: Latin American Migrant Transnationalism and Civic Engagement in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramirez, Ricardo; Felix, Adrian

2011-01-01

In the current period of international migration there is no consensus among analysts regarding the relationship between immigrant transnationalism and civic engagement in the United States. Focusing mainly on the transnational behaviors of Latin American migrants, three views predominate: critics argue that immigrant transnationalism hinders…

Critical Education, Critical Pedagogies, Marxist Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Jean Ann; Morris, Doug; Gounari, Panayota; Agostinone-Wilson, Faith

2015-01-01

As critical pedagogy becomes more mainstream on the educational landscape in the United States, it is important to revisit the original tenets of critical pedagogy and explore their current manifestations. Since the beginning of "criticalism" from the theoretical/foundational work of the Frankfurt School of Critical Social Theory,…

SURFACE AND LIGHTNING SOURCES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OVER THE UNITED STATES: MAGNITUDES, CHEMICAL EVOLUTION, AND OUTFLOW

EPA Science Inventory

We use observations from two aircraft during the ICARTT campaign over the eastern United States and North Atlantic during summer 2004, interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) to test current understanding of regional sources, chemical evolution...

The Resettlement of Indochinese Refugees in the United States: A Selected Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frankel, Robert, Comp.; And Others

This bibliography lists selected current resource and reference materials on the domestic resettlement of Indochinese refugees in the United States. Citations include books, journal articles, government reports, congressional hearings, and various published and unpublished documents by individuals and private agencies. Works are divided under…

The New Asian Immigrants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Morrison G.; Hirschman, Charles

In the early 1960s, Asian immigration to the United States was severely limited. The passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 expanded Asian immigration and ended a policy of racial discrimination and exclusion. Currently, over one third of the total immigrant population to the United States is from Asia, particularly China, Japan, Korea, the…

78 FR 59817 - Revision to United States Marshals Service Fees for Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

.... Federal Cost Accounting and Fee Setting Standards and Guidelines Being Used When developing fees for... imputed rents on land, buildings, and equipment;'' (c) ``management and supervisory costs;'' and (d... current costs to the United States Marshals Service for service of process in federal court proceedings. A...

Threat of invasive pests from within national borders.

PubMed

Paini, Dean R; Worner, Susan P; Cook, David C; De Barro, Paul J; Thomas, Matthew B

2010-11-16

Predicting and ranking potential invasive species present significant challenges to researchers and biosecurity agencies. Here we analyse a worldwide database of pest species assemblages to generate lists of the top 100 insect pests most likely to establish in the United States and each of its 48 contiguous states. For the United States as a whole, all of the top 100 pest species have already established. Individual states however tend to have many more 'gaps' with most states having at least 20 species absent from their top 100 list. For all but one state, every exotic pest species currently absent from a state's top 100 can be found elsewhere in the contiguous United States. We conclude that the immediate threat from known invasive insect pests is greater from within the United States than without. Our findings have potentially significant implications for biosecurity policy, emphasizing the need to consider biosecurity measures beyond established national border interventions.

The State of 21st Century Learning in the K-12 World of the United States: Online and Blended Learning Opportunities for American Elementary and Secondary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Kimberly; Hale, William

2017-01-01

This paper is an examination of the current state of blended and online learning throughout the K-12 world in the United States. The analysis is predicated upon the potential of electronically-mediated learning (e-learning) to effectively prepare students for the demands of 21st century citizenship through the affordances of such learning…

Integrative Review of the Current Educational Strategies for Teaching Pediatric Nursing in the Prelicensure Nursing Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Villora, Rosalie Crisostomo

2013-01-01

Background: The United States Census Bureau stated that there were 76.1 million children aged birth to 17 years in the United States, and 13.9% of these children are estimated to have special health care needs. In California, 9.9% of children have special health care needs. This background information leads to question the pediatric nurse…

A Needs Assessment for the Adoption of Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in K-12 Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Karleah; Sithole, Alec; Kibirige, Joachim

2017-01-01

Since its inception, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) blue print has attracted interest from more than 40 states in the United States. The overall objective of these proposed changes is to align K-12 science education with current trends in technology and career needs. However, the assessment of teacher preparedness and classroom…

Bulgaria in the Current Geopolitical Situation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

United States Army War College Class of 2013 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: A Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited...manuscript is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the United States Army War College Diploma. The views expressed in this student...Defense, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Army War College is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of

Current projects of the Application Technology Research Unit (ATRU) USDA-ARS, Wooster/Toledo, Ohio

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Application Technology Research Unit (ATRU) is the largest multidisciplinary research team in the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, conducting studies on floricultural and nursery crops. On-farm research is a major approach to the mission of this Unit. The...

Factors predicting organochlorine pesticide levels in pregnant Latina women living in a United States agricultural area

PubMed Central

Bradman, Asa; Schwartz, Jackie M.; Fenster, Laura; Barr, Dana B.; Holland, Nina T.; Eskenazi, Brenda

2015-01-01

Organochlorine (OC) pesticide use was restricted starting in the 1970s in developed countries and the 1980s and 1990s in developing countries. Current exposure to OC pesticides – DDT, lindane (99% pure gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH)), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) – occurs on a limited basis. We measured p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, HCB, beta (β)-HCH (the most persistent isomer of technical-grade HCH) and γ-HCH in serum from 426 low-income pregnant Latina women living in an agricultural community in California. Detection frequencies were 94-100%. Median levels (ng/g-lipid) of p,p′-DDE (1,052), p,p′-DDT (13), β-HCH (37) and HCB (65) were significantly higher than U.S. population levels. Multivariate analyses of p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, β-HCH and HCB indicate that time spent living outside the United States and birthplace in an area of Mexico with recent use of OC pesticides were significant predictors of exposure. Time spent living in the United States was associated with increased serum levels of p,p′-DDE and β-HCH, but the increase for each year lived in the United States was lower than for each year lived outside the United States. There was no difference between the increase of HCB levels over time spent in or outside the United States, suggesting current and thus preventable exposure routes. However, we observed no associations between serum levels of any OC compound and current intake of saturated fat or agricultural take-home exposure risk factors. Lactation history and recent weight gain were negatively associated with serum levels of some, but not all OC compounds studied. Smoking history was borderline associated with elevated HCB levels. We observed no significant associations with body mass index. Although the weight of evidence from this study indicates that most exposure occurred prior to moving to the United States, the results for HCB indicate the possibility of ongoing exposure in this country. PMID:17033681

Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States. Vol. 1

Treesearch

Deborah M. Finch

2004-01-01

This report is volume 1 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broadscale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an...

Arthropod genomics research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: Current impacts and future prospects

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the intramural research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) which employs scientists to conduct basic and applied research aimed to develop and transfer solutions to agricultural problems of high national priority and to ensure food...

RETRAINING AND MIGRATION AS FACTORS IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SOMERS, GERALD G.

THIS REPORT, PREPARED FOR THE OFFICE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, FEATURES A REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH ON RETRAINING AND MIGRATION AS INDEPENDENT AND INTERACTING FACTORS IN REGIONAL ECONOMIES. FINDINGS ARE ALSO RELATED TO CURRENT UNITED STATES MANPOWER POLICY AND TO RETRAINING AND RELOCATION SCHEMES IN WESTERN EUROPE. IN THE UNITED STATES,…

Hebrew Education in the United States: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avni, Sharon

2014-01-01

This article sketches the trajectory of Hebrew education in the United States from the early 1900s to the present. Attending to the historiography of Hebrew education, it shows how current curricula and pedagogical approaches have been stamped by historical considerations and language ideologies, how goals and strategies have changed (or remained…

Educational Attainment in the United States: Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newburger, Eric C.; Curry, Andrea

Although the United States' overall trend reflects a more educated population, significant differences in educational attainment remain with regard to age, sex, race, and origin. Nevertheless, the educational attainment of young adults (ages 25 to 29) indicates a dramatic improvement by groups who have historically been less educated. This report…

Contemporary Fertility Patterns and First-Birth Timing among Mexican-Origin Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batson, Christie D.

2013-01-01

This article examines first-birth timing among Mexican women in the United States over two birth cohorts. Currently, Mexican women are one of a small group that maintains above-replacement fertility in the United States, contributing to both Mexican population growth and overall national population growth. Yet, the fertility timing of Mexican…

Supporting Chinese Undergraduate Students in Transition at U.S. Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montgomery, Kerrie A.

2017-01-01

The Chinese undergraduate student population currently represents 12.8% of all international students enrolled in the United States (Institute for International Education, 2015a). In an effort to understand the experiences of this population in their first year of college in the United States, a phenomenological study was conducted using a…

The Role of International Medical Graduate Psychiatrists in the United States Healthcare System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boulet, John Robin; Cassimatis, Emmanuel G.; Opalek, Amy

2012-01-01

Objective: International medical graduates (IMGs) make up a substantial proportion of the United States physician workforce, including psychiatrists in practice. The purpose of this study was to describe, based on current data, the characteristics and qualities of IMG psychiatrists who provide patient care in the US. Method: Physician data from…

77 FR 17105 - Commercial Driver's License (CDL) Standards; Rotel North American Tours, LLC; Application for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

..., possessing German CDLs, to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in the United States without a CDL issued... renewal of its current exemption permitting 22 named drivers, employed by Rotel and possessing German CDLs..., Tittling) and possessing German CDLs, to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in the United States...

International Graduate Student Mobility in the US: What More Can We Be Doing?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Darbi L.

2012-01-01

This article examines the current growth statistics of international graduate student populations in the United States in order to present trends in international student mobility. Although many scholars suggest the United States is facing a decrease in future international student demand, recent studies seem to challenge this theory. This article…

Knowledge Gaps Impacting the Development of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Control Programs in the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This paper identifies knowledge gaps that impact on the design of programs to control and or eradicate bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) in the United States. Currently there are several voluntary regional BVDV control programs in place. These control programs are aimed at the removal of animals ...

The Marine Corps Civil Military Operations (CMO) Capability: Inadequate for Current and Future Irregular Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-02

the 2011 National Military Strategy contend and numerous analysts posit, that the United States will continue to prosecute irregular warfare or a...think tank reports, and the ruminations of various luminaries that the United States will be involved in inegular wmfare throughout the remainder of

Reflecting on Social Emotional Learning: A Critical Perspective on Trends in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoffman, Diane M.

2009-01-01

This critical cultural analysis of trends in the field of social emotional learning (SEL) in the United States considers how ideas concerning emotional skills and competencies have informed programmatic discourse. While currently stressing links between SEL and academic achievement, program literature also places emphasis on ideals of caring,…

Combined Film Catalog, 1972, United States Atomic Energy Commission.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC.

A comprehensive listing of all current United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) films, this catalog describes 232 films in two major film collections. Part One: Education-Information contains 17 subject categories and two series and describes 134 films with indicated understanding levels on each film for use by schools. The categories…

78 FR 67104 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... foreign sellers who purchase and export subject merchandise to the United States. Entities that currently... foreign sellers that purchase and export subject merchandise to the United States. \\1\\ Such entities... and Bows Co., Ltd Yangzhou Bestpak Gifts & Crafts Co., Ltd......... Yu Shin Development Co. Ltd The...

Tiered Intervention: History and Trends in Finland and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jahnukainen, Markku; Itkonen, Tiina

2016-01-01

This study explores the similarities and differences of relatively newly established tiered intervention models for the support of students with special needs in the United States (response to intervention) and in Finland (learning and schooling support). The current models in both countries consist of several tiers with fairly similar…

After the Bell: Water Harvesting, Part 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farenga, Stephen J.; Ness, Daniel; Craven, John A.

2008-01-01

The current drought conditions in the United States are correlated with inadequate infrastructure, a drop in the levels of the Great Lakes, desertification, and migration. Taken individually, none of these problems may seem alarming. However, in combination, freshwater shortages are a crisis in many areas of the United States. In order to develop…

Effects of forest fuel-reduction treatments in the United States

Treesearch

Scott L. Stephens; James D. McIver; Ralph E.J. Boerner; Christopher J. Fettig; Joseph B. Fontaine; Bruce R. Hartsough; Patricia L. Kennedy; Dylan W. Schwilk

2012-01-01

The current conditions of many seasonally dry forests in the western and southern United States, especially those that once experienced low- to moderate-intensity fire regimes, leave them uncharacteristically susceptible to high-severity wildfire. Both prescribed fire and its mechanical surrogates are generally successful in meeting short-term fuel-reduction objectives...

Emotional Intelligence: A Key to Improving Federal Chief Information Officer Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borkowski, Tammy M.

2012-01-01

The United States Government relies on information technology to provide services to its citizens, spending more than $600 billion on its products and services in the last decade. Given the current fiscal climate, the Executive Branch of the United States Government has a renewed focus on information technology (IT) innovation, requiring federal…

Experiences of International Female Students in U.S. Graduate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Contreras-Aguirre, Hilda Cecilia; Gonzalez Y Gonzalez, Elsa

2017-01-01

International students enrolled in American institutions of higher education have been increasing during the past decades. The current study addresses the experiences of international female graduate students in the United States, in terms of difficulties as students at a southern American university and temporal residents of the United States.…

Forest Resources of the United States, 1997, METRIC UNITS.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; John S. Vissage; Davie R. Darr; Raymond M. Sheffield

2002-01-01

Forest resource statistics from the 1987 Forest Resources Planning Act (RPA) Asessment were updated to 1997 to provide current information on the Nation's forests. Resource tables present estimates in metric measure of forest area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, and timber products output in various ways, such as by ownership, region, or State.

Studies Highlight Biodiesel's Benefits

Science.gov Websites

pollution and in helping to reduce the United States' dependence on imported oil. The U.S. Department of fuel made by chemically combining a natural oil or fat with an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol. In the United States, soybean oil is currently the preferred primary feedstock. Biodiesel can be used in

The Inventory of Sources of Dioxin in the United States (External Review Draft 2005)

EPA Science Inventory

Background

The purpose of The Inventory of Sources of Dioxin in the United States (2005 External Review Draft) is to present the most current inventory of sources and environmental releases of dioxi...

Ideas for Integrating Japan into the Curriculum. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wojtan, Linda S.

This ERIC Digest discusses how, by studying Japan, the larger context of the Asia-Pacific region can be explored and students can be introduced to current realities. The top 5 competitive countries for 1994 were the United States, Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and Germany. Because of the increasing interdependence between the United States and…

A serosurvey for ruminant pestivirus exposure conducted using cattle sera collected for brucellosis surveillance in the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Four species of ruminant pestivirus are currently circulating in the United States (U.S.): Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2 (predominant host cattle), Border disease virus (BDV) (predominant host sheep) and the Pronghorn virus (sporadically detected in wild ruminants). A third bovin...

An Update on the Status of Anatomical Sciences Education in United States Medical Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Richard L.; McBride, Jennifer M.; Pawlina, Wojciech

2014-01-01

Curricular changes continue at United States medical schools and directors of gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, neuroscience/neuroanatomy, and embryology courses continue to adjust and modify their offerings. Developing and supplying data related to current trends in anatomical sciences education is important if informed decisions are going to…

Forest statistics of the United States, 1992 metric units.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; Joanne L. Faulkner; Douglas S. Powell

1994-01-01

The 1987 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment was conducted to provide current information on the nation's forests. Resource tables present estimates of forest area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, and timber products output in various ways, such as by ownership, region, or state. Statistics are provided in a metric format for international use.

Chinese medicine education and its challenges in the United States.

PubMed

Kwon, Yihyun

2014-04-01

Over the past 4 decades Chinese medicine (CM) has come increasingly into the spotlight in the United States as the clinical effectiveness of CM has been not only empirically well-tested over a long period of time but also proven by recent scientific research. It has proven cost effectiveness, safety, and is authorized for natural and holistic approaches. In consideration, CM is one of the underutilized health care professions in the United States with a promising future. However, CM faces many challenges in its education and system, its niche in the health care system as an independent profession, legal and ethical issues. This paper discusses the confronting issues in the United States: present education, standards of CM education with shifting first professional degree level, new delivery systems of CM education. Development of new research models, training of evidence-based practice, and implementation of integrative medicine into CM education also are the key issues in the current CM profession. This paper also discusses opportunities for the CM profession going beyond the current status, especially with a focus on fusion medicine.

Comparison of cardiothoracic surgery training in usa and germany

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Training of cardiothoracic surgeons in Europe and the United States has expanded to incorporate new operative techniques and requirements. The purpose of this study was to compare the current structure of training programs in the United States and Germany. Methods We thoroughly reviewed the existing literature with particular focus on the curriculum, salary, board certification and quality of life for cardiothoracic trainees. Results The United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany each have different cardiothoracic surgery training programs with specific strengths and weaknesses which are compared and presented in this publication. Conclusions The future of cardiothoracic surgery training will become affected by technological, demographic, economic and supply factors. Given current trends in training programs, creating an efficient training system would allow trainees to compete and grow in this constantly changing environment. PMID:21108853

The intersection between cannabis and cancer in the United States.

PubMed

Bowles, Daniel W; O'Bryant, Cindy L; Camidge, D Ross; Jimeno, Antonio

2012-07-01

In the last 15 years there has been a major shift in the laws governing medical use of cannabis in the United States. Corresponding with this change there has been escalating interest in the role that cannabis, commonly referred to as marijuana, and cannabinoids play in the care of patients with cancer. This review will examine cannabis' and cannabinoids' current and potential roles in cancer care. Specifically, we will examine five areas of cannabis medicine: (1) pharmacologic properties of cannabis; (2) its potential role in the development of human cancers, particularly smoking-related malignancies; (3) cannabinoids' potential as anti-cancer therapies; (4) cannabis and cannabinoids in the palliation of common cancer-associated symptoms; (5) current legal status of cannabis for medical purposes in the United States. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Welfare to Work Transition in the United States: Implications for Work-Related Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, James C.; Martin, Larry G.

2000-11-01

This paper summarizes the legislation upon which the current welfare-to-work transition in the United States is based and describes characteristics of the former welfare population from which various tiers of employment options have emerged: unsubsidized-employed workers, subsidized-employed workers, subsidized-unemployed recipients, and unsubsidized-unemployed individuals. It also discusses current program emphases, and presents a format for directions for future program development which includes academic programs, situated cognition programs, integrated literacy/occupational skills programs, and integrated literacy/soft skills training.

The Framework for an Information Technology Strategic Roadmap for the United States Marine Corps: How Current Acquisitions Align to the Current Strategic Direction of the Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, and United States Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Mr. Clint Swett (Director, Technology Services Organization, DFAS- KC ) and...Major Jeffrey Thiry (Deputy Director, Technology Services Organization, DFAS- KC ) for their help and support. Their guidance proved invaluable in... Teo (1996) define alignment as the “coordination between the business and IS planning functions and activities”. Luftman, Papp and Brier (1999

37 CFR 2.122 - Matters in evidence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Matters in evidence. 2.122 Section 2.122 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF... States Patent and Trademark Office showing both the current status of and current title to the...

Characteristics of Predoctoral Endodontic Education in the United States and Canada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendel, Robert W.; Scheetz, James P.

1981-01-01

A survey to assess the current state of predoctoral endodontic education programs in U.S. and Canadian dental schools is discussed. The investigation focused on faculty characteristics, the learning climate for endodontics, and problems of administration. Current learning conditions were compared with the desirability of these conditions.…

Incarcerated and Court-Involved Adolescents: Counseling an At-Risk Population.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granello, Paul F.; Hanna, Fred J.

2003-01-01

Discusses background information related to the current state of the juvenile justice system in the United States. Reviews current research regarding juvenile delinquency and outline a series of clinical techniques. Closes by providing a developmental framework for enhancing the understanding of and guiding treatment for this difficult population.…

Solid-state power controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, D. A.; Fullemann, J. S.

1980-01-01

Compact, solid state, electric-power controller switches power on and off at remote load, limits current drawn by load, and shuts off (with 2- to 3- second trip time) in case of short circuit. Lightweight efficient hybrid unit operates at 28 volts dc and at maximum currents of from 3 to 2 amperes.

Technical options for processing additional light tight oil volumes within the United States

EIA Publications

2015-01-01

This report examines technical options for processing additional LTO volumes within the United States. Domestic processing of additional LTO would enable an increase in petroleum product exports from the United States, already the world’s largest net exporter of petroleum products. Unlike crude oil, products are not subject to export limitations or licensing requirements. While this is one possible approach to absorbing higher domestic LTO production in the absence of a relaxation of current limitations on crude exports, domestic LTO would have to be priced at a level required to encourage additional LTO runs at existing refinery units, debottlenecking, or possible additions of processing capacity.

Losses of Ammonia and Nitrate from Agriculture and Their Effect on Nitrogen Recovery in the European Union and the United States between 1900 and 2050.

PubMed

van Grinsven, Hans J M; Bouwman, Lex; Cassman, Kenneth G; van Es, Harold M; McCrackin, Michelle L; Beusen, Arthur H W

2015-03-01

Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ, with emphasis on voluntary or incentive-based schemes in the United States versus a more regulatory approach in the European Union. This paper explores the implications of these differences for attaining long-term policy targets for air and water quality. Nutrient surplus problems were more severe in the European Union than in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. The EU Nitrates and National Emission Ceilings directives contributed to decreases in fertilizer use, N surplus, and ammonia (NH) emissions, whereas in the United States they stabilized, although NH emissions are still increasing. These differences were analyzed using statistical data for 1900-2005 and the global IMAGE model. IMAGE could reproduce NH emissions and soil N surpluses at different scales (European Union and United States, country and state) and N loads in the Rhine and Mississippi. The regulation-driven changes during the past 25 yr in the European Union have reduced public concerns and have brought agricultural N loads to the aquatic environment closer to US levels. Despite differences in agro-environmental policies and agricultural structure (more N-fixing soybean and more spatially separated feed and livestock production in the United States than in the European Union), current N use efficiency in US and EU crop production is similar. IMAGE projections for the IAASTD-baseline scenario indicate that N loading to the environment in 2050 will be similar to current levels. In the United States, environmental N loads will remain substantially smaller than in the European Union, whereas agricultural production in 2050 in the United States will increase by 30% relative to 2005, as compared with an increase of 8% in the European Union. However, in the United States, even rigorous mitigation with maximum recycling of manure N and a 25% reduction in fertilizer use will not achieve the policy target to halve the N export to the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Social policy devolution: a historical review of Canada, the United kingdom, and the United States (1834-1999).

PubMed

Dunlop, Judith M

2009-01-01

This paper explores the recurring themes of devolution and social policy across time and nation in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Devolution is defined as the transfer of responsibility from national governments to state and local levels. Using a historical framework, the central/local tensions that characterize devolution and social policy in these countries are noted from 1834 to the late 1990s. This chronology shows that despite their geographical, ideological, and cultural differences, all of these countries have shifted responsibility for social provision back and forth between central and local governments in similar ways throughout the three eras delineated in this analysis. Clearly, devolution characterizes the current social policy climate in these three countries and across many Western democracies. Recent trends in the environment such as privatization, mandatory collaboration, community capacity building, and service integration are identified, and process questions are presented as a guide for practitioners who seek to explore the current devolution reality.

Corima: A Bilingual Experiment in the Tarahumara Region in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. How Does It Measure against Transitional Bilingual Programs in the United States?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nunez, Mario A.

This report explores two bilingual educational approaches currently in use in Mexico and the United States. The study pursues a limited comparison between two modalities of bilingual instruction, as observed and reported in the consulted literature. The U.S. model featured is known as the two-way bilingual model, an additive approach to…

Severe red spruce winter injury in 2003 creates unusual ecological event in the northeastern United States

Treesearch

Brynne E. Lazarus; Paul G. Schaberg; Donald H. DeHayes; Gary J. Hawley

2004-01-01

Abundant winter injury to the current-year (2002) foliage of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) became apparent in the northeastern United States in late winter of 2003. To assess the severity and extent of this damage, we measured foliar winter injury at 28 locations in Vermont and surrounding states and bud mortality at a subset of these sites. Ninety percent of all...

Cultural Competency Training in the United States Marine Corps: A Prescription for Success in the Long War

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-13

CULTURAL COMPETENCY TRAINING IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS: A PRESCRIPTION FOR SUCCESS IN THE LONG WAR A thesis presented to the...of military units that demonstrated cultural awareness while conducting operations in a foreign land. After presenting a review of the current...Marine Corps Center for Advanced Operational Cultural Learning (CAOCL), advocates teaching Marines enough of a language to do the things they need to

Current Status and Prospects for Cannabidiol Preparations as New Therapeutic Agents.

PubMed

Fasinu, Pius S; Phillips, Sarah; ElSohly, Mahmoud A; Walker, Larry A

2016-07-01

States and the federal government are under growing pressure to legalize the use of cannabis products for medical purposes in the United States. Sixteen states have legalized (or decriminalized possession of) products high in cannabidiol (CBD) and with restricted ∆(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (∆(9) -THC) content. In most of these states, the intent is for use in refractory epileptic seizures in children, but in a few states, the indications are broader. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology and toxicology of CBD; summarizes some of the regulatory, safety, and cultural issues relevant to the further exploitation of its antiepileptic or other pharmacologic activities; and assesses the current status and prospects for clinical development of CBD and CBD-rich preparations for medical use in the United States. Unlike Δ(9) -THC, CBD elicits its pharmacologic effects without exerting any significant intrinsic activity on the cannabinoid receptors, whose activation results in the psychotropic effects characteristic of Δ(9) -THC, and CBD possesses several pharmacologic activities that give it a high potential for therapeutic use. CBD exhibits neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and antiinflammatory properties. In combination with Δ(9) -THC, CBD has received regulatory approvals in several European countries and is currently under study in trials registered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the United States. A number of states have passed legislation to allow for the use of CBD-rich, limited Δ(9) -THC-content preparations of cannabis for certain pathologic conditions. CBD is currently being studied in several clinical trials and is at different stages of clinical development for various medical indications. Judging from clinical findings reported so far, CBD and CBD-enriched preparations have great potential utility, but uncertainties regarding sourcing, long-term safety, abuse potential, and regulatory dilemmas remain. © 2016 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.

Mountains, fire, fire suppression, and the carbon cycle in the western United States

Treesearch

David Schimel

2004-01-01

Most mountain regions in the western United States are covered by forests, which are for the most part recovering from historical harvesting and have been experiencing active fire suppression over approximately the past 100 years (Tilman and others 2000). Whereas many western landscapes are currently perceived as pristine natural systems, the Rockies, Sierra Nevada,...

Fine resolution probabilistic land cover classification of landscapes in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Joseph St. Peter; John Hogland; Nathaniel Anderson; Jason Drake; Paul Medley

2018-01-01

Land cover classification provides valuable information for prioritizing management and conservation operations across large landscapes. Current regional scale land cover geospatial products within the United States have a spatial resolution that is too coarse to provide the necessary information for operations at the local and project scales. This paper describes a...

Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in United States Government Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Champney, Leonard; Edleman, Paul

2010-01-01

This study employs the Solomon Four-Group Design to measure student knowledge of the United States government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a U.S. government course and at the end. In both areas, knowledge improves significantly. Regarding knowledge of the U.S. government, both males and females improve at similar…

Traumatic Brain Injury and Personality Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, Marc; McCabe, Paul C.

2011-01-01

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and lifelong disability in the United States for individuals below the age of 45. Current estimates from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) indicate that at least 1.4 million Americans sustain a TBI annually. TBI affects 475,000 children under age 14 each year in the United States alone.…

Tracking Ecstasy Trends in the United States with Data from Three National Drug Surveillance Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yacoubian, George S., Jr.

2003-01-01

Anecdotal reports have suggested that the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") is a prodigious problem across the United States. Unfortunately, no longitudinal evidence exists to support this contention. In the current study, data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), Monitoring the Future (MTF), and…

Young Lives on Hold: The College Dreams of Undocumented Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzales, Roberto G.

2009-01-01

The current political debate over undocumented immigrants in the United States has largely ignored the plight of undocumented children. Yet children account for 1.8 million, or 15 percent, of the undocumented immigrants now living in this country. Although not born in the United States, these children have, for the most part, grown up in the…

Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States: March 1985 (Advance Report).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Current Population Reports, 1985

1985-01-01

This brief report presents preliminary data on the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of people of Spanish origin in the United States. The data were collected by the Census Bureau in a supplement to the March 1985 Current Population Survey (CPS), which used independent postcensal estimates on Hispanics. The Hispanic population has…

Population Profile of the United States: 1976. Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P-20, No. 307.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD. Population Div.

This booklet summarizes population characteristics of the United States for 1976. A preliminary section of highlights reviews trends in five areas: population growth, social characteristics, population distribution, employment and income, and ethnic groups. The birth rate has declined, and the rate of childlessness has risen. This probably is due…

Assessment of Nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of Nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States

Treesearch

L.H. Pardo; M.J. Robin-Abbott; C.T., eds. Driscoll

2011-01-01

This report synthesizes current research relating atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the United States and to identify empirical critical loads for atmospheric N deposition. The report evaluates the following receptors: freshwater diatoms, mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microbes, lichens, herbaceous plants, shrubs...

The Hispanic Population in the United States: March 1986 and 1987 (Advance Report).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Current Population Reports, 1987

1987-01-01

Information collected by the Bureau of the Census in the March 1986 and 1987 supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS) shows changes in selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the Hispanic population of the United States since 1982. The Hispanic civilian noninstitutional population increased by 4.3 million (or 30%)…

Recent advances in the control of oak wilt in the United States

Treesearch

Dan A. Wilson

2005-01-01

Oak wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fagacearum (T.W.Bretz) J. Hunt, is probably the most destructive disease of oak trees (Quercus species) in the United States, and is currently causing high morality at epiphytotic proportions in central Texas. The serious potential for damage pro,pted an increase in federal funding within the past...

Productivity and carbon sequestration of forests in the southern United States

Treesearch

Kurt H. Johnsen; Tara L. Keyser; John R. Butnor; Carlos A. Gonzalez-Beenecke; Donald J. Kaczmarek; Chris A. Maier; Heather R. McCarthy; Ge. Sun

2014-01-01

Sixty percent of the Southern United States landscape is forested (Wear 2002). Forest types vary greatly among the five subregions of the South, which include the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Appalachian-Cumberland, Mid-South, and the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Current inventory data show upland hardwood forests being the predominant forest type in the South (>30...

Population of the United States, Trends and Prospects: 1950-1990. Series P-23, No. 49.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD. Population Div.

This document, one of the series of United States Current Population Reports, is also a part of a series of "country statements," prepared as background material for the World Population Conference held in August 1974, which describe the demographic situations of approximately 57 cooperating countries. The population situation is…

Preventing China s Rise: Maintaining United States Hegemony in the Face of a Rising China

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-04

Indies for supplies, the American Committee of Secret Correspondence, initially led by Silas Deane, and later joined by Benjamin Franklin , petitioned the...A Way Ahead ................................................................................................................................. 46...applied in the current environment. The fourth section, titled “A Way Ahead,” discusses a potential course of action the United States could follow in

INL Director Discusses the Future for Nuclear Energy in the United States

ScienceCinema

Grossenbacher, John

2018-01-15

Idaho National Laboratory's Director John Grossenbacher explains that the United States should develop its energy policies based on an assessment of the current events at Japan's Fukushima nuclear reactors and the costs and benefits of providing electricity through various energy sources. For more information about INL's nuclear energy research, visit http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States: Wildlife and fish. Vol. 2

Treesearch

Deborah M. Finch

2005-01-01

This report is volume 2 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broad-scale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an...

An Overview of the Current Status of Southernpea Breeding Programs in the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

American Horticulturists use the term southernpea when referring to any type of cowpea being grown as a vegetable crop. Several types of southernpeas, e.g., pinkeye peas, blackeye peas, crowder peas, cream peas and snap peas, have a long history of use in the southern United States. An extensive i...

Pulp capacity in the United States, 2000.

Treesearch

Brett R. Smith; Robert W. Rice; Peter J. Ince

2003-01-01

Production capacities of all woodpulp mills in the United States are identified by location, ownership, and process type. For each mill, production capacity is reported for the year 2000 by process type; total mill capacities are also reported for 1961, 1965, 1979, 1974, and 1983. In addition, the report summarizes the recent history and current status of woodpulp...

ESEA Reauthorization: An Overview of the Every Student Succeeds Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharp, Laurie A.

2016-01-01

On December 10, 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA) was signed by President Barack Obama and became the United States' current national education law (United States Department of Education [U.S. DOE], n.d.). The ESSA was a long overdue reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). Unlike previous…

A Field Assessment of Timber Highway Bridge Durability in the United States

Treesearch

J.P. Wacker; B.K. Brashaw; F. Jalinoos

2015-01-01

This paper summarizes a cooperative project to assess the current condition and life expectancy of 132 timber highway bridge superstructures at locations throughout the United States. Several superstructure types were included in this comprehensive effort, of which two-thirds were sawn timber stringer systems. In-depth inspections were conducted by the project team...

U.S. Community Colleges Participating in Asia Student Recruitment Fairs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Community Colleges (NJ1), 2006

2006-01-01

Each year more than 572,500 international students enroll in more than 3,300 colleges and universities in the United States. Currently, about 84,000 of these students attend community colleges. Why do so many international students choose to pursue higher education in the United States? First, U.S. colleges and universities welcome and value…

Chapter 13. Current management situation: Great gray owls

Treesearch

Jon Verner

1994-01-01

The breeding range of great gray owls (Strix nebulosa) in the United States includes portions of Alaska, mountains in the western United States including portions of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges and the northern Rockies, and portions of Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, and New York (see Chapter 14 and Map 3). The species is sometimes observed...

Changes in forest biomass and tree species distribution under climate change in the northeastern United States

Treesearch

Wen J. Wang; Hong S. He; Frank R. Thompson; Jacob S. Fraser; William D. Dijak

2016-01-01

Context. Forests in the northeastern United States are currently in early- and mid-successional stages recovering from historical land use. Climate change will affect forest distribution and structure and have important implications for biodiversity, carbon dynamics, and human well-being. Objective. We addressed how aboveground biomass (AGB) and...

Learning by Dispossession: Democracy Promotion and Civic Engagement in Iraq and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mojab, Shahrzad; Carpenter, Sara

2011-01-01

This paper brings together two ongoing research projects on current citizenship learning programs in Iraq and the United States, both of which draw from the theoretical ground of Marxist-feminist perspective. A particular strength of this paper is its comparison between two American citizenship education programs in the context of neoliberalism,…

The Electronic Presentation: A Status Report of International Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffin, Robert E.; And Others

This paper describes how electronic presentations are currently used by business people. Business people in the United States and Sweden were surveyed to determine how they are using the medium. A questionnaire was mailed to 506 business people in the United States (201 returned) and to 80 business people in Sweden (76 returned). Results are…

Willful Ignorance? The Dropout Crisis and United States Public Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMurrey, Allen L.

2014-01-01

This paper takes a critical conceptual look at education policy and practice from the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1965 to the present. The paper examines the roots of current United States educational policies, and shows that, in some cases, well-intentioned efforts have had a negative impact on vulnerable populations…

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CURRENT-USE AND HISTORIC-USE PESTICIDES IN SNOW AT NATIONAL PARKS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U.S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples...

Labor Trends: Overview of the United States, New York City, and Long Island. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Cheryl

This document summarizes employment statistics and trends, with a geographic emphasis on areas where Queensborough Community College (New York) students and graduates seek employment. Data are presented on the following: (1) current and projected United States labor force; (2) occupational outlook; (3) employment status of civilian labor force 25…

Music Student Teaching Seminars: An Examination of Current Practices Across the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baumgartner, Christopher M.; Councill, Kimberly H.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the structure and content of music student teaching seminars at 4-year, degree-granting institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music across the United States. A secondary purpose was to determine how these seminars (a) addressed perceived needs of student teachers and beginning…

Gendered Patterns in High Achievement in Mathematics for Grades 4, 6, and 8

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falvey, Laura J.

2012-01-01

The issue of underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers is especially important to the future of the United States in current times when STEM careers play an increasingly important role in the global economy (Toulmin & Groome, 2007; United States Department of Labor, 2007). The pool of…

Distance Education in the United States: Past, Present, Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saba, Farhad

2011-01-01

The practice of distance education in the United States is traced back to its early roots. In the 20th century, distance education remained at the periphery in corporate training, K-12 schools, and most universities, but it gradually developed its practice by using broadcast media, and later the Internet. Since the turn of the current century,…

Predicting abundance of 80 tree species following climate change in the Eastern United States

Treesearch

Louis R. Iverson; Anantha M. Prasad; Anantha M. Prasad

1998-01-01

Projected climate warming will potentially have profound effects on the earth?s biota, including a large redistribution of tree species. We developed models to evaluate potential shifts for 80 individual tree species in the eastern United States. First, environmental factors associated with current ranges of tree species were assessed using geographic information...

Engaging communities and climate change futures with Multi-Scale, Iterative Scenario Building (MISB) in the western United States

Treesearch

Daniel Murphy; Carina Wyborn; Laurie Yung; Daniel R. Williams; Cory Cleveland; Lisa Eby; Solomon Dobrowski; Erin Towler

2016-01-01

Current projections of future climate change foretell potentially transformative ecological changes that threaten communities globally. Using two case studies from the United States Intermountain West, this article highlights the ways in which a better articulation between theory and methods in research design can generate proactive applied tools that enable...

School Psychology Trainer Shortage in the USA: Current Status and Projections for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clopton, Kerri L.; Haselhuhn, Charlotte W.

2009-01-01

This study documents the number of school psychology faculty openings, reasons for resignations and the outcome of faculty searches in the United States for three consecutive academic years beginning in 2004. School psychology program training directors in the United States were surveyed about program faculty needs, including resignations and the…

Women in Engineering: A Phenomenological Analysis of Sociocultural Contextual Meaning of Gender Roles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charity-Leeke, Pamela C.

2012-01-01

The twenty-first century presents many new challenges in career development and choices in the workforce for men and women. Currently, women comprise nearly half of the United States labor force. United States women are employed in various career areas, ranging from the traditional careers for women, such as education and secretarial, to their…

Poverty Measurement in the U.S., Europe, and Developing Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Couch, Kenneth A.; Pirog, Maureen A.

2010-01-01

In December of 2009, many within the American community of analysts, policymakers, and program managers are looking expectantly at the possibility of change in the basic measure used to gauge poverty in the United States. A broad consensus has emerged that the current official measure of poverty in the United States is deeply flawed, in the income…

Social science findings in the United States

Treesearch

Sarah McCaffrey; Eric Toman; Melanie Stidham; Bruce Shindler

2015-01-01

The rising number of acres burned annually and growing number of people living in or adjacent to fire-prone areas in the United States make wildfire management an increasingly complex and challenging problem. Given the prominence of social issues in shaping the current challenges and determining paths forward, it will be important to have an accurate understanding of...

Becoming a Parent of a Child with Special Needs: Perspectives from Korean Mothers Living in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Yoon-Joo; Park, Hye Jun

2016-01-01

The current study aimed to explore how cultural contexts influence the attitudes of mothers raising children with disabilities. Semi-structured in-depth interviews of seven immigrant Korean mothers regarding their personal experiences within the complexities of the special education system in the United States were analysed to identify factors…

The forests of the Green Mountain State

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; Richard H. Widmann; Charles H. Barnett; Thomas S. Frieswyk; Andrew J. Lister; Bob DeGeus

2003-01-01

A report on the fifth forest inventory of Vermont conducted in 1996-98 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the Northeastern Research Station. Explains the current condition and changes from previous inventories for forest area, timber volume, biomass, growth and removals, and harvesting. Graphics depict data at the state and geographic-unit level and, where...

Negotiating the Gay Male Stereotype in Ballet and Modern Dance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polasek, Katherine M.; Roper, Emily A.

2011-01-01

Dance, ballet and modern in particular, is culturally defined as a feminine activity in the United States. The purpose of the present study was to examine the experiences of professional male modern and ballet dancers in the United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 current professional ballet and modern dancers. We examined…

Forest statistics for Vermont: 1973 and 1983

Treesearch

Thomas S. Frieswyk; Anne M. Malley

1985-01-01

A statistical report on the fourth forest survey of Vermont conducted in 1982-1983 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. Statistics for forest area, numbers of trees, timber volume, tree biomass, and timber products output are displayed at the state, unit, and county levels. The current inventory indicates that the state has...

A Review of the Current Geographic Distribution of and Debate Surrounding Electronic Cigarette Clean Air Regulations in the United States

PubMed Central

Kadowaki, Joy; Vuolo, Mike; Kelly, Brian C.

2014-01-01

In this article, we present the results of a systematic review of state, county, and municipal restrictions on the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in public spaces within the United States, alongside an overview of the current legal landscape. The lack of federal guidance leaves lower-level jurisdictions to debate the merits of restrictions on use in public spaces without sufficient scientific research. As we show through a geographic assessment of restrictions, this has resulted in an inconsistent patchwork of e-cigarette use bans across the United States of varying degrees of coverage. Bans have emerged over time in a manner that suggests a “bottom up” diffusion of e-cigarette clean air policies. Ultimately, the lack of clinical and scientific knowledge on the risks and potential harm reduction benefits has led to precautionary policymaking, which often lacks grounding in empirical evidence and results in spatially uneven diffusion of policy. PMID:25463920

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Silverman, L.

This paper outlines the following: United Nations` framework convention on climatic change; the United States` climate change action plan; current issues to be resolved (targets/timetables, policies, advancing commitments of all parties, and compliance); and implications for clean coal technologies.

Current State of Dental Education: Executive Summary.

PubMed

Formicola, Allan J

2017-08-01

This executive summary for Section 1 of the "Advancing Dental Education in the 21 st Century" project provides a composite picture of information from 12 background articles on the current state of dental education in the United States. The summary includes the following topics: the current status of the dental curriculum, the implications of student debt and dental school finances, the expansion of enrollment, student diversity, pre- and postdoctoral education, safety net status of dental school clinics, and trends in faculty.

The State of the Logging Workforce in the Southern United States

Treesearch

D. Mitchell; E. Huffaker

2013-01-01

There is a need to understand the current state of the logging industry. Many U.S. woods sector full-time jobs have been lost in recent years. When the forest products industry rebounds from the current market slump, will the logging workforce be ready and able to respond? This paper utilizes publicly available data to examine variables important to understanding the...

Natural Gas Annual

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

Provides information on the supply and disposition of natural gas in the United States. Production, transmission, storage, deliveries, and price data are published by state for the current year. Summary data are presented for each state for the previous 5 years.

Laboratory considerations of United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <71> sterility tests and its application to pharmaceutical compounding.

PubMed

Hyde, Tiffany D

2014-01-01

The purpose of this article is to describe United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <71> Sterility Tests from the perspective of Current Good Manufacturing Practices in order to aid compounding pharmacists in understanding the details and complexities that are required. Compounding pharmacists face a unique challenge in the industry today, with their compounding practice and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration trying to impose Current Good Manufacturing Practices guidelines. Naturally, this becomes a challenge to contract testing laboratories as well, as they are caught between the testing for non-Current Good Manufacturing Practices compounding standards and Current Good Manufacturing Practices manufacturing. It is important that the compounding pharmacist and their partner testing laboratory work closely together to ensure appropriate requirements are being met.

Current Guidelines, Common Clinical Pitfalls, and Future Directions for Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Disease, United States.

PubMed

Moore, Andrew; Nelson, Christina; Molins, Claudia; Mead, Paul; Schriefer, Martin

2016-07-01

In the United States, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks. Patients with an erythema migrans lesion and epidemiologic risk can receive a diagnosis without laboratory testing. For all other patients, laboratory testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, but proper interpretation depends on symptoms and timing of illness. The recommended laboratory test in the United States is 2-tiered serologic analysis consisting of an enzyme-linked immunoassay or immunofluorescence assay, followed by reflexive immunoblotting. Sensitivity of 2-tiered testing is low (30%-40%) during early infection while the antibody response is developing (window period). For disseminated Lyme disease, sensitivity is 70%-100%. Specificity is high (>95%) during all stages of disease. Use of other diagnostic tests for Lyme disease is limited. We review the rationale behind current US testing guidelines, appropriate use and interpretation of tests, and recent developments in Lyme disease diagnostics.

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United States.

PubMed

Chesson, Harrell W; Ekwueme, Donatus U; Saraiya, Mona; Markowitz, Lauri E

2008-02-01

We describe a simplified model, based on the current economic and health effects of human papillomavirus (HPV), to estimate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination of 12-year-old girls in the United States. Under base-case parameter values, the estimated cost per quality-adjusted life year gained by vaccination in the context of current cervical cancer screening practices in the United States ranged from $3,906 to $14,723 (2005 US dollars), depending on factors such as whether herd immunity effects were assumed; the types of HPV targeted by the vaccine; and whether the benefits of preventing anal, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers were included. The results of our simplified model were consistent with published studies based on more complex models when key assumptions were similar. This consistency is reassuring because models of varying complexity will be essential tools for policy makers in the development of optimal HPV vaccination strategies.

Risk of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans in the United States: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. American Medical Association.

PubMed

Tan, L; Williams, M A; Khan, M K; Champion, H C; Nielsen, N H

The risk of possible transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States is a substantial public health concern. To systematically review the current scientific literature and discuss legislation and regulations that have been implemented to prevent the disease. Literature review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Lexis/Nexis databases for 1975 through 1997 on the terms bovine spongiform encephalopathy, prion diseases, prions, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome. The Internet was used to identify regulatory actions and health surveillance. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Lexis/Nexis databases were searched from 1975 through 1997 for English-language articles that provided information on assessment of transmission risk. Unique circumstances in the United Kingdom caused the emergence and propagation of BSE in cattle, including widespread use of meat and bonemeal cattle feed derived from scrapie-infected sheep and the adoption of a new type of processing that did not reduce the amount of infectious prions prior to feeding. Many of these circumstances do not exist in the United States. In the United Kingdom, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease probably resulted from the ingestion of BSE-contaminated processed beef. The United Kingdom and the European Union now have strong regulations in place to stop the spread of BSE. While BSE has not been observed in the United States, the US government has surveillance and response plans in effect. Current risk of transmission of BSE in the United States is minimal because (1) BSE has not been shown to exist in this country; (2) adequate regulations exist to prevent entry of foreign sources of BSE into the United States; (3) adequate regulations exist to prevent undetected cases of BSE from uncontrolled amplification within the US cattle population; and (4) adequate preventive guidelines exist to prevent high-risk bovine materials from contaminating products intended for human consumption.

State-Specific Prevalence of Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2014-2015.

PubMed

Odani, Satomi; Armour, Brian S; Graffunder, Corinne M; Willis, Gordon; Hartman, Anne M; Agaku, Israel T

2018-01-26

Despite recent declines in cigarette smoking prevalence, the tobacco product landscape has shifted to include emerging tobacco products* (1,2). Previous research has documented adult use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes by state (3); however, state-specific data on other tobacco products are limited. To assess tobacco product use in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC), CDC and the National Cancer Institute analyzed self-reported use of six tobacco product types: cigarettes, cigars, regular pipes, water pipes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and smokeless tobacco products among adults aged ≥18 years using data from the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Prevalence of ever-use of any tobacco product ranged from 27.0% (Utah) to 55.4% (Wyoming). Current (every day or some days) use of any tobacco product ranged from 10.2% (California) to 27.7% (Wyoming). Cigarettes were the most common currently used tobacco product in all states and DC. Among current cigarette smokers, the proportion who currently used one or more other tobacco products ranged from 11.5% (Delaware) to 32.3% (Oregon). Differences in tobacco product use across states underscore the importance of implementing proven population-level strategies to reduce tobacco use and expanding these strategies to cover all forms of tobacco marketed in the United States. Such strategies could include comprehensive smoke-free policies, tobacco product price increases, anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, and barrier-free access to clinical smoking cessation resources (1,4).

The State of Knowledge of Outdoor Orientation Programs: Current Practices, Research, and Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Brent J.; Gass, Michael A.; Nafziger, Christopher S.; Starbuck, J. David

2014-01-01

Outdoor orientation programs represent a prominent area of experiential education with over 25,000 participants annually. More than 191 outdoor orientation programs currently operate in the United States and Canada. The research examining outdoor orientation programs consists of 25 peer-reviewed published studies and 11 dissertations. A new theory…

Forest Resources of the United States, 1997

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; John S. Vissage; David R. Darr; Raymond M. Sheffield

2001-01-01

Forest resource statistics from the 1987 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment were updated to 1997 to provide current information on the Nation`s forests. Resource tables present estimates of forest area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, and timber products output in various ways, such as by ownership, region, or State. Current resource data are analyzed and...

Forest Resources of the United States, 2007

Treesearch

W. Brad, tech. coord. Smith; Patrick D., data coord. Miles; Charles H., map coord. Perry; Scott A., Data CD coord. Pugh

2009-01-01

Forest resource statistics from the 2000 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment were updated to provide current information on the Nation's forests. Resource tables present estimates of forest area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, and timber products output in various ways, such as by ownership, region, or State. Current resource data and trends are analyzed...

The Relative Value Unit: History, Current Use, and Controversies.

PubMed

Baadh, Amanjit; Peterkin, Yuri; Wegener, Melanie; Flug, Jonathan; Katz, Douglas; Hoffmann, Jason C

2016-01-01

The relative value unit (RVU) is an important measuring tool for the work performed by physicians, and is currently used in the United States to calculate physician reimbursement. An understanding of radiology RVUs and current procedural terminology codes is important for radiologists, trainees, radiology managers, and administrators, as this knowledge would help them to understand better their current productivity and reimbursement, as well as controversies regarding reimbursement, and permit them to adapt to reimbursement changes that may occur in the future. This article reviews the components of the RVU and how radiology payment is calculated, highlights trends in RVUs and resultant payment for diagnostic and therapeutic imaging and examinations, and discusses current issues involving RVU and current procedural terminology codes. Copyright © 2015 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Egg banking in the United States: current status of commercially available cryopreserved oocytes.

PubMed

Quaas, Alexander M; Melamed, Alexander; Chung, Karine; Bendikson, Kristin A; Paulson, Richard J

2013-03-01

To estimate the current availability of donor cryopreserved oocytes and to describe the emerging phenomenon of commercial egg banks (CEBs) in the United States. Cross-sectional survey of CEBs. E-mail, telephone, and fax survey of all CEB scientific directors, conducted April 2012. None. None. Number and location of CEBs in the United States, years in existence, number of donors, number of available oocytes, level of donor anonymity, donor screening, cost of oocytes to recipients, freezing/thawing technique, pregnancy statistics. Seven CEBs were identified and surveyed (response rate: 100%). The CEBs used three distinct operational models, had been in existence for a median of 2 years (range: 1 to 8 years), with a median 21.5 (range: 6 to 100) donors and 120 (range: 20 to 1,000) currently available oocytes. The median recommended minimum number of eggs to obtain was six (range: four to seven), at an estimated mean cost per oocyte of $2,225 (range: $1,500 to $2,500). An estimated 3,130 oocytes from 294 donors are currently stored for future use. Of these CEBs, 6 (86%) of 7 use vitrification as cryopreservation method. To date, 8,780 frozen donor oocytes from CEBs have been used for in vitro fertilization, resulting in 602 pregnancies. Pregnancy rates per oocyte, available for 5 (71%) of 7 CEBs, were 532 (7.5%) of 7,080 for CEBs using vitrification and 70 (10%) of 700 for the single CEB using slow freezing as cryopreservation method. Frozen donor eggs are currently widely available in the United States. Three different operational models are currently used, resulting in more than 600 pregnancies from oocytes obtained at CEBs. The majority of CEBs use vitrification as cryopreservation technique. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States. Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-02

attacks at Fort Hood and the Little Rock recruiting station to the failed attack on Christmas Day, we have seen an alarming number of terrorist threats...performances, so we must create new methods and tradecraft to recognize terror threats we haven’t seen before. Unfortunately, the process of intelligence...about al-Qa’ida itself, al-Qa’ida-associated groups and al-Qa’ida-inspired terrorists striking the United States. And we’ve seen the reality of all

Comprehensive Review of Ultraviolet Radiation and the Current Status on Sunscreens

PubMed Central

Moon, Summer; Armstrong, Frank

2012-01-01

In the past, manufacturers’ labeling of sunscreen varied greatly, confusing the consumers regarding efficacy and the appropriate photoprotection provided by their products. Therefore, in June 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued new guidelines for sunscreen labeling. Sunscreen products are over-the-counter drugs; therefore, they are regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration to determine safety, efficacy, and labeling. This article discusses ultraviolet radiation and the positive and negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, provides a review of sunscreens, and discusses the new United States Food and Drug Administration regulations for sunscreens. PMID:23050030

Major regulatory changes and the impact on diagnostic imaging in the United States 2005 to 2012∗: ∗effective May 15, 2013.

PubMed

Relyea-Chew, Annemarie

2013-09-01

Federal regulation of diagnostic imaging in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. The primary statutes aimed at curbing escalating costs and reorienting the national priorities of health care have a direct effect on the specialty of diagnostic imaging. This paper surveys the major regulations and current issues that pose challenges to the practice of diagnostic imaging in the United States, from the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 through the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. Copyright © 2013 AUR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Literary Analysis of Three Latin American Short Stories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vantrease, Maureen

This unit was developed to give students in grades 7-12 a fuller understanding of the Latin American world, which is a growing part of the multicultural atmosphere in the United States. The unit is used currently in the seventh grade gifted Language Arts program at B. T. Washington Junior High School (Florida). The unit includes; (1) basic…

The Need for National Credentialing Standards for Addiction Counselors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Geri; Scarborough, Jim; Clark, Catherine; Leonard, Justin C.; Keziah, Tyler B.

2010-01-01

The authors review the current state of credentialing for addiction counselors in the United States and provide recommendations to the addiction counseling field regarding national standards for credentialing.

A Step toward Global Awareness: An Examination of USBBY Outstanding International Books for the Primary Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liang, Lauren Aimonette; Watkins, Naomi M.; Williams, Virginia S.

2013-01-01

This article describes results from an examination of common characteristics in the award-winning United States Board on Books for Young People (USBBY) Outstanding International Books for Grades K-2 from 2006 to 2012. Books nominated for the USBBY Outstanding International Books List must be currently available in the United States market. The…

75 FR 6167 - Notice of a Request for Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-08

... raw cane sugar under the tariff- rate quota (TRQ) into the United States. DATES: Comments on this... imports of raw cane sugar. Proper completion of the CQE is mandatory for those foreign governments that are eligible and elect to export raw cane sugar to the United States under the TRQ. Estimate of burden...

Chapter 17: Forecasting wildfire suppression expenditures for the United States Forest Service

Treesearch

Karen L. Abt; Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Krista Gebert

2008-01-01

The wildland fire management organization of the United States Forest Service (USFS) operates under policy and budget legacies that began nearly 100 years ago and a forest fuel situation that is all too current. The confluence of these three factors contributes to increased burning and fire fighting costs for the agency, and increased concern from both the U.S....

Forecasting wildfire suppression expenditures for the United States Forest Service

Treesearch

Karen L. Abt; Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Krista Gebert

2008-01-01

The wildland fire management organization of the United States Forest Service (USFS) operates under policy and budget legacies that began nearly -100 years ago and a forest fuel situation that is all too current. The confluence of these three factors contributes to increased burning and firefighting costs for the agency, and increased concern from both the U.S....

Federal Funding for Students with Disabilities: The Evolution of Federal Special Education Finance in the United States. New America Education Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCann, Clare

2014-01-01

Nearly 6.5 million students in the United States ages 3 through 21 are currently classified as requiring special education. Those students have physical, developmental, and emotional disabilities that make educational endeavors more challenging for teachers, administrators, and the students themselves. Yet historically, the needs of special…

Examining Post-Migration Psycho-Cultural Adjustment Challenges of Foreign-Born Students at Community Colleges in the Northeastern United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anemelu, Charles I.

2012-01-01

The current study is an attempt to examine post-migration psycho-cultural adjustment factors that potentially inhibit foreign-born students' (FBS) adjustment at community colleges (CCs) in the United States. Although much research has been conducted to better understand various aspects of FBSs' adjustment challenges little attention has been paid…

Sectoral contributions to surface water stress in the coterminous United States

Treesearch

K. Averyt; J. Meldrum; P. Caldwell; G. Sun; S. McNulty; A. Huber-Lee; N. Madden

2013-01-01

Here, we assess current stress in the freshwater system based on the best available data in order to understand possible risks and vulnerabilities to regional water resources and the sectors dependent on freshwater. We present watershed-scale measures of surface water supply stress for the coterminous United States (US) using the water supply stress index (WaSSI) model...

Black bear population and connectivity in the Sky Islands of Mexico and the United States

Treesearch

N. E. Lara-Diaz; C. A. Lopez-Gonzalez; H. Coronel-Arellano; A. Gonzalez-Bernal

2013-01-01

The Sky Island region is a mountainous region surrounded by grasslands, deserts and intermountain valleys, located between Mexico and the United States. However, different land management and human impact can have an effect on its wildlife populations. Currently, the border wall poses an immediate threat to the survival of black bears (Ursus americanus), considered an...

Forest resources of the United States, 2002: mapping the renewable resource planning act data

Treesearch

Cassandra M. Kurtz; Daniel J. Kaisershot; Dale D. Gormanson; Jeffery S. Wazenegger

2009-01-01

Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), a national program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture conducts and maintains comprehensive inventories of the forest resources in the United States. The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974 mandates a comprehensive assessment of past trends, current status, and the future potential...

Using the Elements of Cooperative Learning in School Band Classes in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitener, John L.

2016-01-01

The purpose of this article is to answer the question of how we might use the elements of cooperative learning in school band classes in the United States. Current school band programs use age-old traditions that overemphasize group and individual competitiveness, stress large ensemble performance at the expense of all other activities, are…

Children's Interests/Mothers' Rights: The Shaping of America's Child Care Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michel, Sonya

Examining why the United States is one of the few advanced democratic market societies that do not offer child care as a universal public benefit or entitlement, this book is a comprehensive history of child care policy and practices in the United States from the colonial period to the present. The book shows why the current child care system…

Physical Punishment in Childhood and Current Attitudes: An Exploratory Comparison of College Students in the United States and India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graziano, Anthony M.; And Others

1992-01-01

College students in the United States and India provided information on their childhood punishment, personal evaluation of the punishment, and other data. The majority of both national groups reported having been physically punished as children. Physical punishment was condoned more by U.S. than by Indian students. More physical punishment in…

Mapping forest vegetation for the western United States using modified random forests imputation of FIA forest plots

Treesearch

Karin Riley; Isaac C. Grenfell; Mark A. Finney

2016-01-01

Maps of the number, size, and species of trees in forests across the western United States are desirable for many applications such as estimating terrestrial carbon resources, predicting tree mortality following wildfires, and for forest inventory. However, detailed mapping of trees for large areas is not feasible with current technologies, but statistical...

An Application of Durkheim's Theory of Suicide to Prison Suicide Rates in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tartaro, Christine; Lester, David

2005-01-01

E. Durkheim (1897) suggested that the societal rate of suicide might be explained by societal factors, such as marriage, divorce, and birth rates. The current study examined male prison suicide rates and suicide rates for men in the total population in the United States and found that variables based on Durkheim's theory of suicide explained…

Chapter 11. Conservation status of boreal owls in the United States

Treesearch

Gregory D. Hayward

1994-01-01

Previous chapters outlined the biology and ecology of boreal owls as well as the ecology of important vegetation communities based on literature from North America and Europe. That technical review provides the basis to assess the current conservation status of boreal owls in the United States. By conservation status, we mean the demographic condition of the species as...

Farm Population of the United States: 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banks, Vera J.; DeAre, Diana

1980-01-01

Based on the current definition for farm population (all persons living in rural territory on places which in the reporting year had, or normally would have had, sales of agricultural products of $1,000 or more), an average of 6,241,000 persons lived on farms in the United States in 1979, a drop of 2.8% from the 1978 figures. Whites constituted…

Tree shelters and other methods for reducing deer damage to hardwood regeneration in the eastern United States

Treesearch

Gary W. Miller

1998-01-01

This report summarizes the basic silvicultural problems associated with regenerating commercial hardwood (broadleaf) species in the eastern United States and includes a review of current methods used to reduce the impact of deer browsing. The following topics are discussed: 1) the biological requirements and regeneration mechanism associated with several important tree...

Fifth Report to the President and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Health Resources Administration (DHHS/PHS), Hyattsville, MD. Bureau of Health Professions.

Information is presented on the number and characteristics of health professionals in the United States, students preparing to enter these fields, and the schools in which they are enrolled. Developments and issues currently affecting these health personnel and the possible impact of these trends on health care delivery are considered. Included is…

Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-23

Developments in Reconstruction Assistance Summary Large-scale reconstruction assistance programs are being undertaken by the United States following the war...currently the case. The House approved the measure on March 16. On June 28, 2004, the entity implementing assistance programs , the Coalition Provisional...Large-scale reconstruction assistance programs are being undertaken by the United States in Iraq. This report describes recent developments in this

Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), 1997-1998: A Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farmworkers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehta, Kala; Gabbard, Susan M.; Barrat, Vanessa; Lewis, Melissa; Carroll, Daniel; Mines, Richard

This report presents current information on the characteristics and work patterns of hired laborers who perform crop work in the United States. Information was obtained from interviews with 4,199 workers in 85 counties between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1998. Chapters 1-3 provide information about the farmworkers themselves, including…

Hidden in Plain sight: synthetic pheromone misleads beetles, protects trees

Treesearch

Paul Meznarich; Robert Progar

2015-01-01

In the last decade, pine forests throughout much of the western United States have been ravaged by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). This bark beetle is native to the United States and has been responsible for massive tree kills in the past. The current outbreak, however, has been notably severe and wide ranging and the effects have been more dramatic...

Understory cover and biomass indices predictions for forest ecosystems of the Northwestern United States

Treesearch

Vasile A. Suchar; Nicholas L. Crookston

2010-01-01

The understory community is a critical component of many processes of forest ecosystems. Cover and biomass indices of shrubs and herbs of forested ecosystems of Northwestern United States are presented. Various forest data were recorded for 10,895 plots during a Current Vegetation Survey, over the National Forest lands of entire Pacific Northwest. No significant...

Optimal Attitude Control of Agile Spacecraft Using Combined Reaction Wheel and Control Moment Gyroscope Arrays

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

10 IMU Inertial Measurement Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PS Pseudo...filters to diminish the effect of gyro corruption in the inertial measurement unit ( IMU ) [32]. Therefore, s/c states determined by the hardware...simulator’s IMU hold the required level of accuracy for characterization of the RWCMG system in the current research. Future external state measurement systems

Reactions to Graphic Health Warnings in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nonnemaker, James M.; Choiniere, Conrad J.; Farrelly, Matthew C.; Kamyab, Kian; Davis, Kevin C.

2015-01-01

This study reports consumer reactions to the graphic health warnings selected by the Food and Drug Administration to be placed on cigarette packs in the United States. We recruited three sets of respondents for an experimental study from a national opt-in e-mail list sample: (i) current smokers aged 25 or older, (ii) young adult smokers aged 18-24…

An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States

Treesearch

C.W. Woodall; C.M. Oswalt; J.A. Westfall; C.H. Perry; M.D. Nelson; A.O. Finley

2009-01-01

Changes in tree species distributions are a potential impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. The examination of tree species shifts in forests of the eastern United States largely has been limited to simulation activities due to a lack of consistent, long-term forest inventory datasets. The goal of this study was to compare current geographic distributions of...

The relative density of forests in the United States

Treesearch

Christopher W. Woodall; Charles H. Perry; Patrick D. Miles

2006-01-01

A relative stand density assessment technique, using the mean specific gravity of all trees in a stand to predict its maximum stand density index (SDI) and subsequently its relative stand density (current SDI divided by maximum SDI), was used to estimate the relative density of forests across the United States using a national-scale forest inventory. Live tree biomass...

A Cultural Communities Approach to Understanding Head Start Teachers' Beliefs about Language Use with Dual Language Learners: Implications for Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrity, Sarah; Guerra, Alison Wishard

2015-01-01

The school-readiness gap for Latino dual language learners in the United States has been well documented, despite a strong research base highlighting effective strategies and practices for supporting their academic success. However, current educational practices reflect the hegemonic discourse that, because the United States is an English-speaking…

Recycling of wood and paper products in the United States

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince

1996-01-01

This report describes the current status of wood and paper recycling in the United States and predicts the production and market consequences of increased recycling. The results suggest that the rate of paper recycling will rapidly rise in the 1990s, mainly as a result of the competitive evolution of fiber markets and papermaking technologies. The consumption and...

Comparisons of allometric and climate-derived estimates of tree coarse root carbon stocks in forests of the United States

Treesearch

Matthew B. Russell; Grant M. Domke; Christopher W. Woodall; Anthony W. D' Amato

2015-01-01

Background: Refined estimation of carbon (C) stocks within forest ecosystems is a critical component of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of projected climate change through forest C management. Specifically, belowground C stocks are currently estimated in the United States' national greenhouse gas inventory (US NGHGI) using...

Computer Use in the United States: 1989. Current Population Reports, Special Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kominski, Robert

1991-01-01

This report provides statistical information on computer use in the United States in 1989, including home, work, and school use, and use according to socioeconomic status, race, and sex. The data show that between 1984 and 1989 there was a substantial increase in the levels of computer ownership and use. Fifteen percent of all U.S. households…

Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives. Identity and the Politics of (Re)Presentation in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oboler, Suzanne

The history and current use of the label "Hispanic" are discussed in this exploration of the myth of cultural and national homogeneity among people of Latin American descent in the United States. The historical process of labeling groups of individuals is discussed, and how ethnic labels affect the meaning of citizenship and the struggle…

Maintaining the Integrity of Public Education: A Comparative Analysis of School Autonomy in the United States and Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keddie, Amanda

2016-01-01

This article takes a critical comparative approach to examining autonomous schooling in the United States and Australia. Amid the market imperatives currently driving education priorities, its focus is on how autonomy can be mobilized in ways that preserve the integrity of public education. Through reference to key debates and research about…

Employment in Adults with Down Syndrome in the United States: Results from a National Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumin, Libby; Schoenbrodt, Lisa

2016-01-01

Background: There is no current data about employment/unemployment of adults with Down syndrome in the United States. The data that exists includes adults with Down syndrome as part of the larger group of people with disabilities or people with intellectual disability. Method: This study used a survey to investigate paid and volunteer employment,…

The Nutritional Status of Low-Income Preschool Children in the United States: A Review of the Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kotch, Jonathan; Shackelford, Jo

This review of the nutritional status of low-income preschool children in the United States discusses the topic in historical perspective and details current knowledge of the nutritional status of preschoolers. Discussion first focuses on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II of 1976-80, and then turns to the National Food…

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Holaniku at Keahole Point |

Science.gov Websites

: Currently Non-Operational Start Year: 2009 Do you have more information, corrections, or comments ? Background Technology: Parabolic trough Status: Currently Non-Operational Country: United States City

Cell phone recycling experiences in the United States and potential recycling options in Brazil.

PubMed

Silveira, Geraldo T R; Chang, Shoou-Yuh

2010-11-01

This paper presents an overview of cell phone recycling programs currently available in the United States. At the same time, it also provides analyses of the current recycling situation and possible recycling alternatives for Brazil. Although there are several recycling options in the United States, collection rates are still only 10% of all potential devices because customers are not aware of these possibilities. The whole system is financially based on reselling refurbished cell phones and recycled materials to developing countries which represent an effective and strong market. Several recyclers offer funds to collection partners who are either charities or who work with charities while obtaining the materials that they need in order to run their operations. A mobile phone recycling system for Brazil considering the United States experience and the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle is suggested. A deposit/refund/advance-recycling fee is proposed which might be implemented as a voluntary industrial initiative managed by PRO Brazil, a producer responsibility organization. One widespread public-private agreement will integrate all mobile phone stakeholders, and environmental education actions and promotional events will promote citizen's participation. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Honoring our donors: a survey of memorial ceremonies in United States anatomy programs.

PubMed

Jones, Trahern W; Lachman, Nirusha; Pawlina, Wojciech

2014-01-01

Many anatomy programs that incorporate dissection of donated human bodies hold memorial ceremonies of gratitude towards body donors. The content of these ceremonies may include learners' reflections on mortality, respect, altruism, and personal growth told through various humanities modalities. The task of planning is usually student- and faculty-led with participation from other health care students. Objective information on current memorial ceremonies for body donors in anatomy programs in the United States appears to be lacking. The number of programs in the United States that currently plan these memorial ceremonies and information on trends in programs undertaking such ceremonies remain unknown. Gross anatomy program directors throughout the United States were contacted and asked to respond to a voluntary questionnaire on memorial ceremonies held at their institution. The results (response rate 68.2%) indicated that a majority of human anatomy programs (95.5%) hold memorial ceremonies. These ceremonies are, for the most part, student-driven and nondenominational or secular in nature. Participants heavily rely upon speech, music, poetry, and written essays, with a small inclusion of other humanities modalities, such as dance or visual art, to explore a variety of themes during these ceremonies. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.

Trends in Daily Cannabis Use Among Cigarette Smokers: United States, 2002-2014.

PubMed

Goodwin, Renee D; Pacek, Lauren R; Copeland, Jan; Moeller, Scott J; Dierker, Lisa; Weinberger, Andrea; Gbedemah, Misato; Zvolensky, Michael J; Wall, Melanie M; Hasin, Deborah S

2018-01-01

To estimate changes in the prevalence of daily cannabis use among current, former, and never cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2014 in the United States. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is a nationally representative cross-sectional study conducted annually among persons aged 12 years and older in the United States. Daily cannabis use occurs nearly exclusively among nondaily and daily cigarette smokers compared with former and never smokers (8.03%, 9.01%, 2.79%, 1.05%, respectively). Daily cannabis use increased over the past decade among both nondaily (8.03% [2014] vs 2.85% [2002]; linear trend P < .001) and daily smokers (9.01% [2014]; 4.92% [2002]; linear trend P < .001). Daily cannabis use increased most rapidly among former cigarette smokers (2.79% [2014] vs 0.98% [2002]; linear trend P < .001). Daily cannabis use occurs predominantly among cigarette smokers in the United States. Daily cannabis use increased among current, former, and never smokers over the past decade, with particularly rapid increases among youth and female cigarette smokers. Future research is needed to monitor the observed increase in daily cannabis use, especially among youths and adults who smoke cigarettes.

Waterpipe Smoking and Regulation in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Haddad, Linda; El-Shahawy, Omar; Ghadban, Roula; Barnett, Tracey E; Johnson, Emily

2015-05-29

Researchers in tobacco control are concerned about the increasing prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States, which may pose similar risks as cigarette smoking. This review explores the prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States as well as the shortcomings of current U.S. policy for waterpipe control and regulation. Researchers conducted a literature review for waterpipe articles dated between 2004 and 2015 using five online databases: MEDLINE, CINHAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. To date, few studies have explored the marketing and regulation of waterpipe smoking in the U.S., which has increased in the last ten years, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. Data indicate that the majority of waterpipe smokers are unaware of the potential risks of use. In addition, current tobacco control policies do not address waterpipe smoking, enabling tobacco companies to readily market and sell waterpipe products to young adults, who are at risk for becoming lifelong smokers. Policy makers in the area of public health need to update existing tobacco regulations to include waterpipe smoking. Similarly, public health researchers should develop public health campaigns and interventions to address the increasing rates of waterpipe smoking in the United States.

Previous Open Rotor Research in the US

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

VanZante, Dale

2011-01-01

Previous Open Rotor noise experience in the United States, current Open Rotor noise research in the United States and current NASA prediction methods activities were presented at a European Union (EU) X-Noise seminar. The invited attendees from EU industries, research establishments and universities discussed prospects for reducing Open Rotor noise and reviewed all technology programs, past and present, dedicated to Open Rotor engine concepts. This workshop was particularly timely because the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) plans to involve Independent Experts in late 2011 in assessing the noise of future low-carbon technologies including the open rotor.

A Review of Common Tanning Methods

PubMed Central

Garone, Michael; Fabrikant, Jordan

2015-01-01

Tanning in the United States has become an increasingly popular activity in our culture. Tanning methods have evolved through the years to become more readily accessible and easier to use for all consumers, regardless of geographic location. With the rising incidence of skin cancer, the demand for safe and efficient tanning methods remains high. There are currently many different tanning methods being utilized, and still more are being researched. This article serves to summarize some of the most common tarining methods used in the United States today as well as some potential methods currently under study. PMID:25741402

Comparing Approaches to Converting Large High Schools into Smaller Units

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Thomas H

2011-01-01

Scholars and reformers in the United States have called for converting large high schools into smaller units to provide a more effective, personal, and culturally responsive education for all students. Current literature argues that such "conversion high schools" should break into fully autonomous small schools rather than more…

77 FR 32645 - Revision of Performance Standards for State Medicaid Fraud Control Units

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

... Procedures A Unit establishes written policies and procedures for its operations and ensures that staff are familiar with, and adhere to, policies and procedures. To determine whether a Unit meets this standard, OIG... contain current policies and procedures, consistent with these performance standards, for the...

Current depression among women in California according to residence in the California-Mexico border region.

PubMed

Ryan-Ibarra, Suzanne; Epstein, Joan Faith; Induni, Marta; Wright, Michael A

2012-05-01

To estimate the prevalence of current depression; examine the relationship between current depression and immigration, health status, health care access, and health behaviors; and assess differences by California-Mexico border region (Imperial and San Diego Counties) among women in California. Using a cross-sectional, representative sample of adult women from the California Women's Health Survey (n = 13 454), a statewide telephone survey, prevalence of current depression and predictors of depression were examined in California and according to border region residence. Depression was assessed with the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The prevalence of current depression for women in California was 12.0%. It was similar in the border (13.0%) and the nonborder (11.9%) regions. Odds of current depression in women were lower among recent immigrants (< 5 years or 5 to < 10 years in the United States) than in women born in the United States and in immigrants who had been living in the United States for 10 to < 15 years or longer (P < 0.05). Odds ratios for current depression and health status, health care access, and binge drinking were larger in the border region than outside the border region. Similar prevalences of current depression were observed among those who live in the border region of California and in those who do not, but the relationship between depression and health status, health care access, and binge drinking varied by border region residence. Ideally, future surveillance of depression and its predictors along the Mexico-California border will be conducted binationally to inform interventions and tracking such as the Healthy Border Program's objectives.

Unsubstantiated claims in patient brochures from the largest state, provincial, and national chiropractic associations and research agencies.

PubMed

Grod, J P; Sikorski, D; Keating, J C

2001-10-01

To determine the presence or absence of claims for the clinical art of chiropractic that are not currently justified by available scientific evidence or are intrinsically untestable. A survey of patient education and promotional material produced by national, state, and provincial societies and research agencies in Canada and the United States. Patient brochures were solicited from the 3 largest provincial, 3 largest state, and the 3 largest national professional associations in the United States and Canada. Similar requests were made of 2 research agencies supported by the national associations. Brochures were reviewed for the presence or absence of unsubstantiated claims. Of the 11 organizations sampled, 9 distribute patient brochures. Of these 9 organizations, all distribute patient brochures that make claims for chiropractic services that have not been scientifically validated. The largest professional associations in the United States and Canada distribute patient brochures that make claims for the clinical art of chiropractic that are not currently justified by available scientific evidence or that are intrinsically untestable. These assertions are self-defeating because they reinforce an image of the chiropractic profession as functioning outside the boundaries of scientific behavior.

United States International Air Transport Policy, the Promise and the Reality

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landry, J. E.; Phillips, G.

1972-01-01

The United States international air transportation policy is discussed. The major departure of the current policy lies in the relationship between scheduled and charter services. Various provisions of the transportation charter are analyzed to show the restrictions as well as the benefits the legislation holds for commercial aviation. It is stated that a group of full service carriers can meet the full spectrum of demands for air transportation more efficiently than two or more groups.

Learning to Obtain Reward, but Not Avoid Punishment, Is Affected by Presence of PTSD Symptoms in Male Veterans: Empirical Data and Computational Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-27

University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America, 3 Department of Psychology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey...United States of America, 5 Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour & School of Social Sciences and Psychology , University of Western Sydney, Sydney...for current, severe PTSD symptoms (PTSS) were tested on a probabilistic classification task [19] that interleaves reward learning and punishment

State Financing of Higher Education: A New Look at an Old Problem.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Frederick J.

1990-01-01

There is an implicit general plan currently uniting federal and state financing policies, however, it is inefficient, inequitable, and ineffective, involving obsolete state financing policies and mistaken federal responses. Implementation of another plan available would require federal intervention in state financing policies. (MLW)

Assessing Compliance with United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, R. L.; Jarkey, D. R.

2015-01-01

There are currently no exceptions or special considerations for CubeSats in the United States Government (USG) Orbital Debris (OD) Mitigation Guidelines. For all objects launched into space the 2010 United States Space Policy requires that any failure to comply with the USG OD Mitigation Guidelines requires approval by the head of the launching agency. In addition it requires that the US Secretary of State be notified of any non-compliance. For these reasons it is important that missions consider these policies during their design phase. This paper will discuss methods to assess compliance with USG OD mitigation guidelines as they apply to CubeSat missions using tools such as the NASA Debris Assessment Software (DAS).

Effect of Solid-State Power-Converter Harmonics on Electric-Power-Supply Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-03-01

The United States utility industry has not set suitable standards, other than TIF (Telephone Interference Factor), for controlling the design of solid-state wayside and on-board power-conversion equipment, to limit the harmonic currents and voltages ...

Addressing Externalities From Swine Production to Reduce Public Health and Environmental Impacts

PubMed Central

Osterberg, David; Wallinga, David

2004-01-01

Animal agriculture in the United States for the most part has industrialized, with negative consequences for air and water quality and antibiotic use. We consider health and environmental impacts of current US swine production and give an overview of current federal, state, and local strategies being used to address them. PMID:15451736

What Next? More Leverage for Teachers. Teaching In America: The Possible Renaissance. No. TR-86-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Joslyn, Ed.

Interviews with 14 experienced educators on the current state of education in the United States are presented in this booklet. The experts discuss the current tasks facing educators, the need for redefining the teaching profession, and the importance of rethinking the area of educational finances. The conversations reflect concerns about…

Improving the current system for supplying organs for transplantation.

PubMed

Horton, R L; Horton, P J

1993-01-01

The United States currently relies on a voluntary, altruistic system for supplying organs for transplantation. It is now generally recognized that this system, as currently operated, produces a seriously inadequate supply of organs. A number of scholars have argued that some type of (generally unspecified) market system is necessary. Two articles appearing in the Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law have proposed relatively specific market systems for increasing the supply of organs. In this paper we argue that market systems are at best premature. In particular, there is little to suggest that any type of market system for organs will be permitted in the United States in the foreseeable future. We present data that strongly suggest that the current voluntary, altruistic system has not been developed to its full potential and offer a number of specific suggestions for improving the system.

Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States: a systematic review--1940-2010.

PubMed

Starr, Michelle C; Montgomery, Susan P

2011-10-01

The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis) in the United States is poorly understood. To gain understanding of the status of disease, a systematic review was performed to assess the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the United States. Of all studies reviewed, 14 were designated as high-quality. High-quality studies were published from 1942 to 1982 and showed that infection was prevalent throughout the southern United States and Appalachia as recently as 1982, finding that hookworm (19.6%), T. trichiura (55.2%), A. lumbricoides (49.4%), and S. stercoralis (3.8%) affected significant percentages of the population. However, because the most recent high-quality studies were published over 25 years ago, the literature does not provide sufficient data to assess current endemic transmission. Because the status of disease remains unclear, there is a need for additional studies to determine if soil-transmitted helminths remain endemic in the United States.

A call for evidence-based medical treatment of opioid dependence in the United States and Canada.

PubMed

Nosyk, Bohdan; Anglin, M Douglas; Brissette, Suzanne; Kerr, Thomas; Marsh, David C; Schackman, Bruce R; Wood, Evan; Montaner, Julio S G

2013-08-01

Despite decades of experience treating heroin or prescription opioid dependence with methadone or buprenorphine--two forms of opioid substitution therapy--gaps remain between current practices and evidence-based standards in both Canada and the United States. This is largely because of regulatory constraints and pervasive suboptimal clinical practices. Fewer than 10 percent of all people dependent on opioids in the United States are receiving substitution treatment, although the proportion may increase with expanded health insurance coverage as a result of the Affordable Care Act. In light of the accumulated evidence, we recommend eliminating restrictions on office-based methadone prescribing in the United States; reducing financial barriers to treatment, such as varying levels of copayment in Canada and the United States; reducing reliance on less effective and potentially unsafe opioid detoxification; and evaluating and creating mechanisms to integrate emerging treatments. Taking these steps can greatly reduce the harms of opioid dependence by maximizing the individual and public health benefits of treatment.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gildersleeve, C.W.

An interdisciplinary analysis of the post-Cold War world to determine the optimal strategy to attain the national interests of the United States, and the requisite logistic structure to support that strategy. The optimal solution is found to be a strategy based on multinational defense centered on a permanent force of United Nations garrison port complexes. This multilateral force would be augmented by as small a national defense force as necessary to ensure national security. The theses endeavors to reconnect the cultural and philosophical past of the United States with its immediate future. National interests are identified through examination of Americanmore » Pragmatism and the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. To determine the current status of common defense, based upon the Foreign Military Sales system, and analysis of current data is accomplished. Future threats to the United States are examined with special emphasis on nuclear terrorism. The ability of Islamic nations in North Africa and the Middle East to produce significant quantities of uranium is demonstrated. The grave political as well as ongoing environmental consequences of this recent capability are discussed in detail.« less

Can Academic Medicine Lead the Way in the Refugee Crisis?

PubMed

Afkhami, Amir A

2016-12-01

The world is currently in the midst of the largest refugee crisis since World War II, with the highest interval of mass displacement in recorded history according to the United Nations. The United States has pledged to maintain its position as one of the world's top resettlement countries in response to this crisis. These new immigrants will arrive with exceptional chronic and acute medical needs, including higher rates of behavioral health disorders. The author describes the health care challenges experienced by refugees seeking asylum in the United States and outlines the ways in which our health care system is currently deficient in helping refugee patients to overcome these challenges. He argues that the academic medical community can change this dynamic by standardizing and expanding instruction in cross-cultural competence and behavioral health screenings throughout the spectrum of medical education. Ensuring the long-term well-being of refugees in the United States, including meeting their mental health needs, will be the best inoculation against the risks of violent extremism which so many fear. With the absence of national leadership on this issue, academic medicine can and should lead the way.

Awareness, trial, and current use of electronic cigarettes in 10 countries: Findings from the ITC project.

PubMed

Gravely, Shannon; Fong, Geoffrey T; Cummings, K Michael; Yan, Mi; Quah, Anne C K; Borland, Ron; Yong, Hua-Hie; Hitchman, Sara C; McNeill, Ann; Hammond, David; Thrasher, James F; Willemsen, Marc C; Seo, Hong Gwan; Jiang, Yuan; Cavalcante, Tania; Perez, Cristina; Omar, Maizurah; Hummel, Karin

2014-11-13

In recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have generated considerable interest and debate on the implications for tobacco control and public health. Although the rapid growth of e-cigarettes is global, at present, little is known about awareness and use. This paper presents self-reported awareness, trial and current use of e-cigarettes in 10 countries surveyed between 2009 and 2013; for six of these countries, we present the first data on e-cigarettes from probability samples of adult smokers. A cross-sectional analysis of probability samples of adult (≥ 18 years) current and former smokers participating in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) surveys from 10 countries. Surveys were administered either via phone, face-to-face interviews, or the web. Survey questions included sociodemographic and smoking-related variables, and questions about e-cigarette awareness, trial and current use. There was considerable cross-country variation by year of data collection and for awareness of e-cigarettes (Netherlands (2013: 88%), Republic of Korea (2010: 79%), United States (2010: 73%), Australia (2013: 66%), Malaysia (2011: 62%), United Kingdom (2010: 54%), Canada (2010: 40%), Brazil (2013: 37%), Mexico (2012: 34%), and China (2009: 31%)), in self-reports of ever having tried e-cigarettes (Australia, (20%), Malaysia (19%), Netherlands (18%), United States (15%), Republic of Korea (11%), United Kingdom (10%), Brazil (8%), Mexico (4%), Canada (4%), and China (2%)), and in current use (Malaysia (14%), Republic of Korea (7%), Australia (7%), United States (6%), United Kingdom (4%), Netherlands (3%), Canada (1%), and China (0.05%)) [corrected]. The cross-country variability in awareness, trial, and current use of e-cigarettes is likely due to a confluence of country-specific market factors, tobacco control policies and regulations (e.g., the legal status of e-cigarettes and nicotine), and the survey timing along the trajectory of e-cigarette awareness and trial/use in each country. These ITC results constitute an important snapshot of an early stage of what appears to be a rapid progression of global e-cigarette use.

Do Differences in Risk Factors Explain the Lower Rates of Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese Versus U.S. Women?

PubMed Central

Willcox, Bradley J.; Usui, Takeshi; Carr, John Jeffrey; Barinas-Mitchell, Emma J.M.; Masaki, Kamal H.; Watanabe, Makoto; Tracy, Russell P.; Bertolet, Marianne H.; Evans, Rhobert W.; Nishimura, Kunihiko; Sutton-Tyrrell, Kim; Kuller, Lewis H.; Miyamoto, Yoshihiro

2013-01-01

Abstract Background Mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in women in Japan is one of the lowest in developed countries. In an attempt to shed some light on possible reasons of lower CHD in women in Japan compared with the United States, we extensively reviewed and analyzed existing national data and recent literature. Methods We searched recent epidemiological studies that reported incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and examined risk factors for CHD in women in Japan. Then, we compared trends in risk factors between women currently aged 50–69 years in Japan and the United States, using national statistics and other available resources. Results Recent epidemiological studies have clearly shown that AMI incidence in women in Japan is lower than that reported from other countries, and that lipids, blood pressure (BP), diabetes, smoking, and early menopause are independent risk factors. Comparing trends in risk factors between women in Japan and the United States, current levels of serum total cholesterol are higher in women in Japan and levels have been similar at least since 1990. Levels of BP have been higher in in Japan for the past 3 decades. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been similar in Japanese and white women currently aged 60–69 for the past 2 decades. In contrast, rates of cigarette smoking, although low in women in both countries, have been lower in women in Japan. Conclusions Differences in risk factors and their trends are unlikely to explain the difference in CHD rates in women in Japan and the United States. Determining the currently unknown factors responsible for low CHD mortality in women in Japan may lead to new strategy for CHD prevention. PMID:24073782

State Systemic Education Improvements. Status Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Chief State School Officers, Washington, DC.

The Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) is a nationwide, nonprofit organization of the 57 public officials who head departments of public education in the United States, 5 U.S. extra-state jurisdiction, the District of Columbia, and the Department of Defense Dependents Schools. States are currently at various stages in developing and…

State Teacher Salary Schedules. Policy Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffith, Michael

2016-01-01

In the United States most teacher compensation issues are decided at the school district level. However, a group of states have chosen to play a role in teacher pay decisions by instituting statewide teacher salary schedules. Education Commission of the States has found that 17 states currently make use of teacher salary schedules. This education…

School Finance at a Glance. [Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Verstegen, Deborah A.

As in previous years, this publication provides information on two dimensions of public education finance in the United States--raising and distributing education dollars. Information as reported by each of the 50 states is provided. The first section shows the current financing structure used in each state. In 1990, states generally reported four…

Bassett to Kemp: Academic Freedom Today. The Eighth Earl V. Pullias Lecture in Higher and Postsecondary Education, 1986.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanford, Terry

The background on academic freedom in the United States and the current situation are discussed by former North Carolina Governor and Duke University President Terry Sanford. Academic freedom had not been established in the United States even as late as the beginning of the 20th century. In fact, the meaning of academic freedom or faculty rights…

Farm Population of the United States: 1973. Current Population Reports, Farm Population.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banks, Vera J.; And Others

Selected characteristics of the United States' farm population for 1973 are presented. The farm population consists of all persons living in rural territory on places of: (1) 10 or more acres if as much as $50 worth of agricultural products were sold from the place in the reporting year and (2) under 10 acres if as much as $250 worth of…

Enhancement by Enlargement: The Proliferation Security Initiative

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Minister Mahathir Mohammad. In any event, Malaysia’s expressions of common interest with the United States in cooperative efforts to combat terrorism...instances 10 The sharp change in the current Malaysian government’s stance toward cooperation with the United States from that of the preceding, Mahathir ...preceding prime minister, Mahathir , Malaysia was implicated in the proliferation network of Pakistan’s A. Q. Khan. As part of that network

The Reproductive Context of Cohabitation in the United States: Recent Change and Variation in Contraceptive Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sweeney, Megan M.

2010-01-01

Drawing on data from 2 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (N = 11,065), the current research addressed 2 overarching questions about the reproductive context of cohabitation in the United States. First, did patterns of contraceptive use among cohabitors change during the last 2 decades of the 20th century? Second, did patterns of…

MMPI-2 Characteristics of the Old Order Amish: A Comparison of Clinical, Nonclinical, and United States Normative Samples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knabb, Joshua J.; Vogt, Ronald G.; Newgren, Kevin P.

2011-01-01

In the current study, we investigated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) characteristics in an Old Order Amish nonclinical sample (N = 84), comparing these data with both the United States normative sample (N = 2,600) and a sample of Old Order Amish outpatients (N = 136). Consistent with our hypothesis, the Old Order Amish…

The Influence of Parents' Beliefs and Expectations on Students' Mathematics Achievement in the United States and Japan: A Comparison of Teachers' Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pliskow, Tia

2014-01-01

Over the last four decades, considerable research has been done comparing the relative achievement in mathematics by students in the United States and Japan. The current study focuses on one possible factor influencing student achievement: parental influence. The researcher interviewed a small group of teachers in the two countries regarding their…

Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 16, Number 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

current status of the conventional munitions industry in the United States today and provides an economic theory for reviving this declining, but...Avant, 2007). United States Naval War College Professor Larry McCabe observed that an economic aspect to the emergence of private security...flows, feedback, and nonlinear relationships in managerial control. The methodology’s ability to model many diverse system components (e.g., work

Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-10

the Chernobyl nuclear reactor site. In total, the United States has contributed almost $240 million to Chernobyl cleanup effort. At an international...pledging conference for Chernobyl in April 2011, the United States pledged another $123 million.9 The two countries are cooperating on other...dedicated to improving the safety of the Chernobyl nuclear facility, including finishing the construction of the containment structure over the damaged

Carbon stocks on forestland of the United States, with emphasis on USDA Forest Service ownership

Treesearch

Linda S. Heath; James E. Smith; Christopher W. Woodall; David L. Azuma; Karen L. Waddell

2011-01-01

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) manages one-fifth of the area of forestland in the United States. The Forest Service Roadmap for responding to climate change identified assessing and managing carbon stocks and change as a major element of its plan. This study presents methods and results of estimating current forest carbon stocks and change in...

Recovery of wolverines in the western United States: Recent extirpation and recolonization or range retraction and expansion?

Treesearch

Kevin S. McKelvey; Keith B. Aubry; Neil J. Anderson; Anthony P. Clevenger; Jeffrey P. Copeland; Kimberley S. Heinemeyer; Robert M. Inman; John R. Squires; John S. Waller; Kristine L. Pilgrim; Michael K. Schwartz

2014-01-01

Wolverines were greatly reduced in number and possibly extirpated from the contiguous United States (U.S.) by the early 1900s. Wolverines currently occupy much of their historical range in Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, but are absent from Utah and only single individuals are known to occur in California and Colorado. In response, the translocation of...

Recovery of wolverines in the western United States: recent extirpation and recolonization or range retraction and expansion?

Treesearch

Kevin S. McKelvey; Keith B. Aubry; Neil J. Anderson; Anthony P. Clevenger; Jeffrey P. Copeland; Kimberley S. Heinemeyer; Robert M. Inman; John R. Squires; John S. Waller; Kristine L. Pilgrim; Michael K. Schwartz

2014-01-01

Wolverines were greatly reduced in number and possibly extirpated from the contiguous United States (U.S.) by the early 1900s. Wolverines currently occupy much of their historical range in Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, but are absent from Utah and only single individuals are known to occur in California and Colorado. In response, the translocation of...

Carbon stocks on forestland of the United States, with emphaisis on USDA Forest Service ownership

Treesearch

Linda S. Heath; James E. Smith; Christopher W. Woodall; Dave Azuma; Karen L. Waddell

2011-01-01

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) manages one-fifth of the area of forestland in the United States. The Forest Service Roadmap for responding to climate change identified assessing and managing carbon stocks and change as a major element of its plan. This study presents methods and results of estimating current forest carbon stocks and change in...

The Future of the Book. Part III. New Technologies in Book Distribution: The United States Experience. Studies on Books and Reading No. 18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paul, Sandra K.; Kranberg, Susan

The third report from a comprehensive Unesco study, this document traces the history of the application of computer-based technology to the book distribution process in the United States and indicates functional areas currently showing the effects of using this technology. Ways in which computer use is altering book distribution management…

78 FR 30399 - United States v. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, Grupo Modelo S.A.B de C.V.; Proposed Final Judgment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-22

..., Mexico. Modelo is the third-largest brewer of beer sold in the United States. Modelo's Corona Extra brand... include Corona Light, Modelo Especial, Negra Modelo, Victoria, and Pacifico. 19. ABI currently holds a 35... such as Dogfish Head, Flying Dog, and also imported beers, the best selling of which is Modelo's Corona...

Collaborating for success: implementation of the interior Alaska inventory

Treesearch

Brendt Mueller; Dan Irvine

2015-01-01

Interior Alaska’s boreal forests are approximately 112 million acres in size, or 15 percent of the United States forest land. This is currently a very dynamic region with rising temperatures, melting permafrost, changes in vegetation, fire, carbon, and water cycles due to a warming climate. This is the last forested area in the United States where the national Forest...

Atlas of climate change effects in 150 bird species of the Eastern United States

Treesearch

Stephen Matthews; Raymond O' Connor; Louis R. Iverson; Anantha M. Prasad

2004-01-01

NOTE: Instructions for navigating this publication can be found on the front cover. This atlas documents the current and potential future distribution of 150 common bird species in the Eastern United States. Distribution data for individual species were derived from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) from 1981 to 1990. Regression tree analysis was used to model the BBS...

The Quasi-Human Child: How Normative Conceptions of Childhood Enabled Neoliberal School Reform in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sonu, Debbie; Benson, Jeremy

2016-01-01

This paper argues that normative conceptions of the child, as a natural quasi-human being in need of guidance, enable current school reforms in the United States to directly link the child to neoliberal aims and objectives. In using Foucault's concept of governmentality and disciplinary power, we first present how the child is constructed as a…

Chapter 6. Conservation status of flammulated owls in the United States

Treesearch

D. Archibald McCallum

1994-01-01

The status of the flammulated owl will be evaluated in this chapter by asking a series of critical questions about the species and its habitat. Answers to these questions will be used to reach one of the following conclusions: (1) populations in the United States are secure and will likely remain so given current land management practices; (2) populations are in peril...

Serving Students, Science, or Society? The Secondary School Physics Curriculum in the United States, 1930-65.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donahue, David M.

1993-01-01

Reviews the reform of secondary school physics in the United States from the 1930s through the mid-1960s. Describes the impact of progressive education, World War II, and the post-Sputnik reforms. Points out differences between past reform efforts and the current Project 2061 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (CFR)

The United States’ Role in Combating Militant Islam in France

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-16

United States Army DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A : Approved for Public Release. Distribution is Unlimited. This SRP is submitted in partial...provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently...SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Distribution A : Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Farm Population of the United States: 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banks, Vera J.; DeAre, Diana

1981-01-01

Based on the current definition for farm population (all persons living in rural territory or places which in the reporting year had, or normally would have had, sales of agricultural products of $1,000 or more), an average of 6,051,000 persons, or 2.7% of the total population lived on farms in the United States in 1980, a drop of 190,000 below…

Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-19

been and continue to be matters of debate. Some contend that the current political status of Puerto Rico, perhaps with enhancements, remains a...non-colonial, and non- territorial. Some contend that if independence is achieved, the close relationship with the United States could be continued... contended that the 1967 plebiscite “was tainted by blatant interference by United States intelligence agencies.”38 Another author commented, as

Are We Facing a "Literacy Surplus" in the Workforces of the United States and Canada? Research Note.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sticht, Thomas G.

In the United States and Canada alike, expressions of concern over the fact that the demand for skilled workers far exceeds the current supply have been heard repeatedly. However, several studies would seem to indicate that, as familiar as these claims about the supply and demand for skilled workers may be, they are very contentious. If a Hudson…

Process methods and levels of automation of wood pallet repair in the United States

Treesearch

Jonghun Park; Laszlo Horvath; Robert J. Bush

2016-01-01

This study documented the current status of wood pallet repair in the United States by identifying the types of processing and equipment usage in repair operations from an automation prespective. The wood pallet repair firms included in the sudy received an average of approximately 1.28 million cores (i.e., used pallets) for recovery in 2012. A majority of the cores...

Decay hazard (Scheffer) index values calculated from 1971-2000 climate normal data

Treesearch

Charles G. Carll

2009-01-01

Climate index values for estimating decay hazard to wood exposed outdoors above ground (commonly known as Scheffer index values) were calculated for 280 locations in the United States (270 locations in the conterminous United States) using the most current climate normal data available from the National Climatic Data Center. These were data for the period 1971–2000. In...

Beliefs about Bilingualism, Bilingual Education, and Dual Language Development of Early Childhood Preservice Teachers Raised in a Prop 227 Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrity, Sarah; Aquino-Sterling, Cristian R.; Van Liew, Charles; Day, Ashley

2018-01-01

Despite the well-documented benefits of bilingualism, current educational practices in the United States reflect the deeply held belief that because the United States is an English speaking country, English should be the language of instruction. This belief was codified into law in California via the 1998 passage of Proposition 227, which banned…

End-of-Life and Palliative Care Issues in Medical and Nursing Schools in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickinson, George E.

2007-01-01

Medical and nursing schools in the United States have traditionally had a limited emphasis on end-of-life care. The present study is a comparison of these 2 professional programs' current offerings on death education. Data were gathered via a mailed survey from the 122 medical schools in 2005 and the 580 baccalaureate nursing programs in 2006.…

Comparing airport licensing requirements : Alabama vs. selected states and the FAA

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

Many states in the United States of America have licensing requirements for their general use airports. The objective of this study was to determine if current Alabama's regulations for general use airports are timely and if they compare favorably wi...

Allergic contact dermatitis in preservatives: current standing and future options.

PubMed

Deza, Gustavo; Giménez-Arnau, Ana M

2017-08-01

Preservatives are well known skin sensitizers and represent one of the main causes of contact allergy. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of contact sensitization induced by preservatives and point future alternatives for products' preservation. Isothiazolinones currently are the most common preservatives responsible of contact allergy in Europe and in the United States, and although some regulatory interventions have been taken place, the current contact allergy outbreak is not yet under control. Despite the ban of methyldibromo glutaronitrile from cosmetics in Europe, sensitized patients are still diagnosed, suggesting other nonregulated sources of exposure. Sensitization rates to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are lower in Europe in comparison with the United States due to stricter regulations regarding their use. Prevalence of contact allergy to parabens has remained stable over the last decades, whereas iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is an emerging allergen with an increasing prevalence. Future alternatives for products' preservation look for a broad antimicrobial spectrum, but with a better safety profile (in terms of sensitization) than the currently available compounds. Given the high rates of sensitization reported over the last years, timely regulatory actions are urgently required for some preservatives that currently represent a concern for public health.

Current Law Limits the State Department’s Authority to Manage Certain Overseas Properties Cost Effectively

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-07-11

GAO-02-790R Management of Overseas Property United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 July 11, 2002 The Honorable Christopher...Representatives Subject: Current Law Limits the State Department’s Authority to Manage Certain Overseas Properties Cost Effectively Dear Mr. Chairman: The...limits the Department of State’s authority to implement cost -effective decisions about sales of unneeded overseas property and the use of sales proceeds

Russia and the United States: Future Implications of Historical Relationships

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

paper relates the theory to the current unipolar international structure and states how the U.S.-Russian relationship could proceed in the future...explained by realist states working inside of the ―capitalist world system.‖ The paper relates the theory to the current unipolar international...inside a world system. One theory of the world system is based on the concept of a capitalist world economy whose efficiency-seeking transnational

Skills, Competencies and Gender: Issues for Pay and Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strebler, Marie; And Others

The extent to which skill and competency-based systems used by work organizations in the United Kingdom may contribute to maintenance of the pay gap between men and women was examined through a review of the following: pertinent literature from the United Kingdom and United States; 15 published case studies; current Institute for Employment…

Distinguishing Intentional Releases from Natural Occurrences ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report The purpose of this report was to: (1) survey the scientific literature to determine the current state of the science regarding the presence of Bacillus anthracis in the environment and outbreaks of anthrax; (2) identify characteristics that would enable a screening of information about outbreaks to rapidly assess whether an intentional release was a likely cause (in United States settings) in order to inform remediation decisions; and (3) identify gaps in risk-related knowledge associated with B. anthracis events in the United States.

Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States and China

PubMed Central

Huang, Ming-Bo; Ye, Li; Liang, Bing-Yu; Ning, Chuan-Yi; Roth, William W.; Jiang, Jun-Jun; Huang, Jie-Gang; Zhou, Bo; Zang, Ning; Powell, Michael D.; Liang, Hao; Bond, Vincent C.

2015-01-01

The HIV/AIDS data from the national surveillance systems of China and the United States from 1985 to 2014 were compared to characterize the HIV/AIDS epidemic in both countries. The current estimated national HIV prevalence rate in China and the United States are 0.0598% and 0.348%, respectively. In the United States, the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable (~50,000 each year) and has shown a downward trend in recent years. The Chinese national HIV prevalence is still low, and new HIV infections have been contained at a low level (50,000–100,000 each year). However, the epidemic has showed an increasing trend since 2012. By risk group, in both countries, men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual sex, and injection drug use (IDU) are the most common modes of transmission of new HIV infections. However, in the United States, MSM is the dominant transmission route, accounting for >60% of new infections; whereas in China, heterosexual sex has now become the dominant route, also accounting for >60% of new infections. A rapid increase in the proportion of HIV cases that were attributed to MSM and an obvious decrease in the proportion of HIV cases attributed to IDU in China in recent years imply that the China’s epidemic is still evolving, to some extent, copying what was experienced in the United States. By age group, the proportions of HIV cases that were attributed to the age group 25–59 were comparable between the two countries. However, the United States had a higher proportion of cases that were attributed to age groups 15–19 and 20–24 than China, indicating that youth account for more infections in the United States. One other fact worth noting: in China there is a significant increase in the number of HIV new infections in individuals over 50 years of age, which results in much higher proportion of cases that were attributed to age groups 60–64 and over 65 in China than those in the United States. By race/ethnicity, in the United States, Blacks/African Americans continue to experience the most severe HIV burden, followed by Hispanics/Latinos. In China, no official data on race/ethnicity disparities are currently available. Thus, region, risk group, age are important factors in the HIV epidemics in both countries. PMID:26703667

Adult Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Current Estimates

MedlinePlus

... Tobacco Use Hispanics/Latinos and Tobacco Use Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons and Tobacco Use Cigarette ... limitation (14.4%) By Sexual Orientation 2 Lesbian/gay/bisexual adults were more likely to be current ...

Protecting Dark Skies as a State-Wide Resource

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, Lori E.; Walker, Constance E.; Hall, Jeffrey C.; Larson, Steve; Williams, Grant; Falco, Emilio; Hinz, Joannah; Fortin, Pascal; Brocious, Dan; Corbally, Christopher; Gabor, Paul; Veillet, Christian; Shankland, Paul; Jannuzi, Buell; Cotera, Angela; Luginbuhl, Christian

2018-01-01

The state of Arizona contains the highest concentration of research telescopes in the continental United States, contributing more than a quarter of a billion dollars annually to the state's economy. Protecting the dark skies above these observatories is both good for astronomy and good for the state's economy. In this contribution we describe how a coalition of Arizona observatories is working together to protect our dark skies. Efforts date back to the creation of one of the first Outdoor Lighting Codes in the United States and continue today, including educational outreach, public policy engagement, and consensus building. We review some proven strategies, highlight recent successes and look at current threats.

Comparison of Plastic Surgery Residency Training in United States and China.

PubMed

Zheng, Jianmin; Zhang, Boheng; Yin, Yiqing; Fang, Taolin; Wei, Ning; Lineaweaver, William C; Zhang, Feng

2015-12-01

Residency training is internationally recognized as the only way for the physicians to be qualified to practice independently. China has instituted a new residency training program for the specialty of plastic surgery. Meanwhile, plastic surgery residency training programs in the United States are presently in a transition because of restricted work hours. The purpose of this study is to compare the current characteristics of plastic surgery residency training in 2 countries. Flow path, structure, curriculum, operative experience, research, and evaluation of training in 2 countries were measured. The number of required cases was compared quantitatively whereas other aspects were compared qualitatively. Plastic surgery residency training programs in 2 countries differ regarding specific characteristics. Requirements to become a plastic surgery resident in the United States are more rigorous. Ownership structure of the regulatory agency for residency training in 2 countries is diverse. Training duration in the United States is more flexible. Clinical and research training is more practical and the method of evaluation of residency training is more reasonable in the United States. The job opportunities after residency differ substantially between 2 countries. Not every resident has a chance to be an independent surgeon and would require much more training time in China than it does in the United States. Plastic surgery residency training programs in the United States and China have their unique characteristics. The training programs in the United States are more standardized. Both the United States and China may complement each other to create training programs that will ultimately provide high-quality care for all people.

Financing School Construction: A Primer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sendor, Benjamin B.

1985-01-01

Discusses current school construction needs in North Carolina and methods available under state law to finance construction. To put North Carolina law in perspective, the article also discusses school construction finance procedures used throughout the United States. (Author)

Hard Times. The Recession Imperils School Reforms and Teachers' Jobs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harp, Lonnie

1991-01-01

The current recession in the United States imperils teachers' jobs and school reform. States are prioritizing increased spending in such areas as health care and transportation rather than educational improvement. The article discusses specific educational hard times in several states and counties. (SM)

Does school suspension affect subsequent youth nonviolent antisocial behavior? A longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States

PubMed Central

Hemphill, Sheryl A.; Kotevski, Aneta; Herrenkohl, Todd I.; Smith, Rachel; Toumbourou, John W.; Catalano, Richard F.

2013-01-01

School suspension has been not only associated with negative behaviours but is predictive of future poor outcomes. The current study investigates a) whether school suspension is a unique predictor of youth nonviolent antisocial behaviour (NVAB) relative to other established predictors, and b) whether the predictors of NVAB are similar in Australia and the United States (U.S.). The data analysed here draws on two state-wide representative samples of Grade 7 and 9 students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S., resurveyed at 12-month follow-up (N = 3,677, 99% retention). School suspension did not uniquely predict NVAB in the final model. The predictors of NVAB, similar across states, included previous student NVAB; current alcohol and tobacco use; poor family management; association with antisocial friends; and low commitment to school. An implication of the findings is that U.S. evidence-based prevention programs targeting the influences investigated here could be trialled in Australia. PMID:24860192

Blood Cholesterol Measurement in Clinical Laboratories in the United States. Current Status. A Report from the Laboratory Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst. (DHHS/NIH), Bethesda, MD.

Precise and accurate cholesterol measurements are required to identify and treat individuals with high blood cholesterol levels. However, the current state of reliability of blood cholesterol measurements suggests that considerable inaccuracy in cholesterol testing exists. This report describes the Laboratory Standardization Panel findings on the…

A review on microbial lipids as a potential biofuel.

PubMed

Shields-Menard, Sara A; Amirsadeghi, Marta; French, W Todd; Boopathy, Raj

2018-07-01

Energy security, environmental concerns, and unstable oil prices have been the driving trifecta of demand for alternative fuels in the United States. The United States' dependence on energy resources, often from unstable oil-producing countries has created political insecurities and concerns. As we try to gain energy security, unconventional oil becomes more common, flooding the market, and causing the major downshift of the usual unstable oil prices. Meanwhile, consumption of fossil fuels and the consequent CO 2 emissions have driven disruptions in the Earth's atmosphere and are recognized to be responsible for global climate change. While the significance of each of these three factors may fluctuate with global politics or new technologies, transportation energy will remain the prominent focus of multi-disciplined research. Bioenergy future depends on the price of oil. Current energy policy of the United States heavily favors petroleum industry. In this review, the current trend in microbial lipids as a potential biofuel is discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Current Guidelines, Common Clinical Pitfalls, and Future Directions for Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Disease, United States

PubMed Central

Moore, Andrew; Nelson, Christina; Molins, Claudia; Mead, Paul

2016-01-01

In the United States, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks. Patients with an erythema migrans lesion and epidemiologic risk can receive a diagnosis without laboratory testing. For all other patients, laboratory testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, but proper interpretation depends on symptoms and timing of illness. The recommended laboratory test in the United States is 2-tiered serologic analysis consisting of an enzyme-linked immunoassay or immunofluorescence assay, followed by reflexive immunoblotting. Sensitivity of 2-tiered testing is low (30%–40%) during early infection while the antibody response is developing (window period). For disseminated Lyme disease, sensitivity is 70%–100%. Specificity is high (>95%) during all stages of disease. Use of other diagnostic tests for Lyme disease is limited. We review the rationale behind current US testing guidelines, appropriate use and interpretation of tests, and recent developments in Lyme disease diagnostics. PMID:27314832

Evaluation and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Quang; Nguyen, Loida; Felicetta, James

2008-01-01

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with tremendous medical and economic burdens. It is the seventh leading cause of death and the number one cause of end-stage renal disease, adult blindness, impotence, and nontraumatic lower-limb amputation in the United States. People with diabetes are 2 to 4 times more likely to suffer from stroke or from cardiovascular disease, and are twice as likely to die compared with age-matched individuals without diabetes. Diabetes cost the United States around $174 billion in 2007, $58 billion of which was related to disability, work loss, and early mortality. Although there is currently no known cure for diabetes, much progress has been made over the past 2 decades to improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Evidence has shown that applying aggressive interventions early can prevent or delay progression to microvascular complications that increase the mortality rate in diabetes. The authors review the guidelines for optimal evaluation of diabetes mellitus and discuss the current and emerging therapeutic options available in the United States. PMID:25126259

Research gaps related to forest management and stream sediment in the United States.

PubMed

Anderson, Christopher J; Lockaby, B Graeme

2011-02-01

Water quality from forested landscapes tends to be very high but can deteriorate during and after silvicultural activities. Practices such as forest harvesting, site preparation, road construction/use, and stream crossings have been shown to contribute sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants to adjacent streams. Although advances in forest management accompanied with Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been very effective at reducing water quality impacts from forest operations, projected increases in demand for forest products may result in unintended environmental degradation. Through a review of the pertinent literature, we identified several research gaps related to water yield, aquatic habitat, sediment source and delivery, and BMP effectiveness that should be addressed for streams in the United States to better understand and address the environmental ramifications of current and future levels of timber production. We explored the current understanding of these topics based on relevant literature and the possible implications of increased demand for forest products in the United States.

Taxonomic classification of world map units in crop producing areas of Argentina and Brazil with representative US soil series and major land resource areas in which they occur

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huckle, H. F. (Principal Investigator)

1980-01-01

The most probable current U.S. taxonomic classification of the soils estimated to dominate world soil map units (WSM)) in selected crop producing states of Argentina and Brazil are presented. Representative U.S. soil series the units are given. The map units occurring in each state are listed with areal extent and major U.S. land resource areas in which similar soils most probably occur. Soil series sampled in LARS Technical Report 111579 and major land resource areas in which they occur with corresponding similar WSM units at the taxonomic subgroup levels are given.

The current status of medical marijuana in the United States.

PubMed

McKenna, Gerald J

2014-04-01

Medical marijuana is currently a controversial issue in medicine. There are strong pro and con opinions but relatively little scientific data on which to base medical decisions. The unfortunate scheduling of marijuana in class I has limited research and only serves to fuel the controversy. This article will review the history of laws to regulate drugs in the United States in the 20th century to provide context for the current status of medical marijuana. It will include the rationale for opposing medical marijuana laws and the problem of the Schedule I inclusion of marijuana as well as other drugs. It will examine the problems associated with smoking raw marijuana and review other routes of administration. Finally, it examines the inadvisability of medicine's promotion of smoked marijuana.

V/STOL concepts in the United States: Past, present, and future

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelms, W. P.; Anderson, S. B.

1984-01-01

Nonhelicopter types of V/STOL aircraft developed in the United States are reviewed, and some lessons learned from a selected number of concepts are highlighted. The AV-8B, which was developed by modifications to the British Harrier is the only current concept examined. Configurations proposed for the future subsonic, multimissing aircraft and the future supersonic fighter/attack aircraft are described. Emphasis is on these supersonic concepts.

The Principle of Mass in Relation to Transformation and the Contemporary Operational Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-06

specifically show how the legacy forces used mass. For the Korean War , the thesis will analyze the Battle for the Imjin River, April 1951. The Battle...critical components and has existed as a United States Army principle of war since 1921. The United States Army military is currently undergoing vast changes...30 3. Gloster’s Battle for the Imjin .................................................................... 37 4. Battle for Hue Areas of

A Methodology for Implementing the Department of Defense’s Current In-Sourcing Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Riposo, Irv Blickstein, Stephanie Young , Geoffrey McGovern, Brian McInnis Prepared for the United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution... Keating for their thoughtful reviews of the draft manuscript. xv Abbreviations 2009 NDAA Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal...some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, order, or otherwise; • determine, protect, and advance United States economic , political

Fighting fire in the heat of the day: An analysis of operational and environmental conditions of use for large airtankers in United States fire suppression

Treesearch

Crystal S. Stonesifer; Dave Calkin; Matthew P. Thompson; Keith D. Stockmann

2016-01-01

Large airtanker use is widespread in wildfire suppression in the United States. The current approach to nationally dispatching the fleet of federal contract airtankers relies on filling requests for airtankers to achieve suppression objectives identified by fire managers at the incident level. In general, demand is met if resources are available, and the...

Persistence of a Distinct Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clonal Group within Two Communities in the United States and Canada Where Diphtheria Is Endemic

PubMed Central

Marston, Chung K.; Jamieson, Frances; Cahoon, Fred; Lesiak, Gail; Golaz, Anne; Reeves, Mike; Popovic, Tanja

2001-01-01

Molecular characterization of 53 U.S. and Canadian Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA showed that strains with distinct molecular subtypes have persisted in the United States and Canada for at least 25 years. These strains are endemic rather than imported from countries with current endemic or epidemic diphtheria. PMID:11283092

17 CFR 404.2 - Records to be made and kept current by registered government securities brokers and dealers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... paragraph (a) reflecting the sale and redemption of United States Savings Bonds, United States Savings Notes... capital of at least $20,000,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1...,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1 of this title, as...

17 CFR 404.2 - Records to be made and kept current by registered government securities brokers and dealers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... paragraph (a) reflecting the sale and redemption of United States Savings Bonds, United States Savings Notes... capital of at least $20,000,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1...,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1 of this title, as...

17 CFR 404.2 - Records to be made and kept current by registered government securities brokers and dealers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... paragraph (a) reflecting the sale and redemption of United States Savings Bonds, United States Savings Notes... capital of at least $20,000,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1...,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1 of this title, as...

17 CFR 404.2 - Records to be made and kept current by registered government securities brokers and dealers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... paragraph (a) reflecting the sale and redemption of United States Savings Bonds, United States Savings Notes... capital of at least $20,000,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1...,000, including debt subordinated in accordance with Appendix D of § 240.15c3-1 of this title, as...

Explaining Changes in the Patterns of Black Suicide in the United States from 1981 to 2002: An Age, Cohort, and Period Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joe, Sean

2006-01-01

To explore the different trends of suicide incidence among Blacks and possible contributing factors, the current study compared national epidemiologic data of suicide in the United States from 1981 to 2002. For the first time, period and birth-cohort effects on the incidence trends of Black suicide were evaluated using an age-period-cohort…

Current Trends in Metric Conversion in the United States: Potential Trouble for National Defense.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

measures in the United States appears inevitable, but is being prolonged due to present legisla- *tion which allows each industrial sector to convert...centralized government planning and leadership toward metrication in the shortest possible time. II. Problem: Spurred by the automotive industry , voluntary...conversion among major U.S. industries is snowballing while public resistance to met- rication is stiffening. This confrontation threatens to

Protecting Critical Rail Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Gulliver.Trb.Org/Publications/Sr/Sr270.Pdf. 38. Allan J. DeBlasio, Terrance J. Regan, Margaret E . Zirker, Katherine S. Fichter, Kristin Lovejoy ...getrpt?GAO-04-598T. 4. Ibid. 5. Thomas H. Kean, Lee H. Hamilton, Richard Ben-Veniste, Fred F. Fielding, Jamie S. Gorelick, Slade Gorton, Bob Kerrey...Committee, Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States, Vice Admiral Lowell E . Jacoby, United States Navy, Director, Defense

Money Income in 1975 of Families and Persons in the United States. Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P-60, No. 105.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD. Population Div.

This report documents information concerning the money income of persons 14 years and older in the United States during 1975. "Money income" is defined as income received before tax and other deductions. The report does not include sources of non-money income such as food stamps, health benefits, and subsidized housing. The questionnaire used in…

Strategies for Crisis Intervention and Prevention-Revised as a Current Proposal in Care of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviours

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West, Sara C.; Kaniok, Przemyslaw

2009-01-01

The article relates to the author's former experiences gained during the work with individuals with developmental disabilities at the Association for the Help of Retarded Children, Nassau Chapter in New York State in the United States (US), as well as with autistic children at the Loddon School in Hampshire County in the United Kingdom (UK).…

The Theological Literacy, Beliefs, and Practices of Lay Administrators of Marianist-Sponsored Secondary Schools in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, John

2011-01-01

Over the past 45 years, there has been a dramatic decrease in the number of religious and priests working in Catholic schools in the United States. Currently, 96% of all elementary and secondary faculties are comprised of lay men and women (McDonald, 2010). This same phenomenon can be found in Marianist-sponsored secondary schools in the United…

Diversification in the Supply Chain of (99)Mo Ensures a Future for (99m)Tc.

PubMed

Cutler, Cathy S; Schwarz, Sally W

2014-07-01

The uncertain availability of (99m)Tc has become a concern for nuclear medicine departments across the globe. An issue for the United States is that currently it is dependent on a supply of (99m)Tc (from (99)Mo) that is derived solely by production outside the United States. Since the United States uses half the world's (99)Mo production, the U.S. (99)Mo supply chain would be greatly enhanced if a producer were located within the United States. The fragility of the old (99)Mo supply chain is being addressed as new facilities are constructed and new processes are developed to produce (99)Mo without highly enriched uranium. The conversion to low-enriched uranium is necessary to minimize the potential misuse of highly enriched uranium in the world for nonpeaceful means. New production facilities, new methods for the production of (99)Mo, and a new generator elution system for the supply of (99m)Tc are currently being pursued. The progress made in all these areas will be discussed, as they all highlight the need to embrace diversity to ensure that we have a robust and reliable supply of (99m)Tc in the future. © 2014 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

Waterpipe Smoking and Regulation in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Haddad, Linda; El-Shahawy, Omar; Ghadban, Roula; Barnett, Tracey E.; Johnson, Emily

2015-01-01

Background: Researchers in tobacco control are concerned about the increasing prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States, which may pose similar risks as cigarette smoking. This review explores the prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States as well as the shortcomings of current U.S. policy for waterpipe control and regulation. Methods: Researchers conducted a literature review for waterpipe articles dated between 2004 and 2015 using five online databases: MEDLINE, CINHAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results: To date, few studies have explored the marketing and regulation of waterpipe smoking in the U.S., which has increased in the last ten years, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. Data indicate that the majority of waterpipe smokers are unaware of the potential risks of use. In addition, current tobacco control policies do not address waterpipe smoking, enabling tobacco companies to readily market and sell waterpipe products to young adults, who are at risk for becoming lifelong smokers. Conclusion: Policy makers in the area of public health need to update existing tobacco regulations to include waterpipe smoking. Similarly, public health researchers should develop public health campaigns and interventions to address the increasing rates of waterpipe smoking in the United States. PMID:26110330

FPI Cohort Reports: California State University System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quirk, Robert J.

2013-01-01

The California State University (CSU) system is the largest higher educational system in the United States. The system has physical assets valued at more than $20 billion (current replacement value) on the "State" side of the house alone. With over 1,200 buildings, and 50 million square foot of mixed-use space, the CSU facility managers…

Organized Labor's Participation in State Workplace Literacy Initiatives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarmiento, Anthony R.

The literature shows that state federations of labor should be, and many are, actively involved in current state literacy initiatives. The United States must develop a coherent and comprehensive system of lifetime education. This will require a greater commitment of public and private resources to education and training. Too many employers are…

Meningococcal vaccines: Current state and future outlook.

PubMed

Leca, M; Bornet, C; Montana, M; Curti, C; Vanelle, P

2015-06-01

Neisseria meningitidis infections are a major public health problem worldwide. Although conventional approaches have not led to development of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine, a new technique based on genome sequencing has created new perspectives. Recently, a universal serogroup B meningococcal vaccine, Bexsero(®), was licensed in Europe, Australia and United States, following several clinical studies demonstrating its immunogenicity and safety. Availability of this vaccine could contribute positively to human health, by significantly reducing the incidence of meningococcal infections. However, unfavorable cost-effectiveness analysis means that routine vaccination is not currently recommended. Another serogroup meningococcal vaccine, Trumemba(®), was also recently licensed in United States. Like any drug, Bexsero(®) and Trumemba(®) will require close observation to assess their impact on meningococcal epidemiology. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Potential climatic impacts of vegetation change: A regional modeling study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Copeland, Jeffrey H.; Pielke, Roger A.; Kittel, Timothy G. F.

1996-03-01

The human species has been modifying the landscape long before the development of modern agrarian techniques. Much of the land area of the conterminous United States is currently used for agricultural production. In certain regions this change in vegetative cover from its natural state may have led to local climatic change. A regional climate version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System was used to assess the impact of a natural versus current vegetation distribution on the weather and climate of July 1989. The results indicate that coherent regions of substantial changes, of both positive and negative sign, in screen height temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation are a possible consequence of land use change throughout the United States. The simulated changes in the screen height quantities were closely related to changes in the vegetation parameters of albedo, roughness length, leaf area index, and fractional coverage.

Potential climatic impacts of vegetation change: A regional modeling study

USGS Publications Warehouse

Copeland, J.H.; Pielke, R.A.; Kittel, T.G.F.

1996-01-01

The human species has been modifying the landscape long before the development of modern agrarian techniques. Much of the land area of the conterminous United States is currently used for agricultural production. In certain regions this change in vegetative cover from its natural state may have led to local climatic change. A regional climate version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System was used to assess the impact of a natural versus current vegetation distribution on the weather and climate of July 1989. The results indicate that coherent regions of substantial changes, of both positive and negative sign, in screen height temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation are a possible consequence of land use change throughout the United States. The simulated changes in the screen height quantities were closely related to changes in the vegetation parameters of albedo, roughness length, leaf area index, and fractional coverage. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union.

Direct Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Emission Standards and Test Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule will adopt the current voluntary NOx and CO emissions standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), bringing the United States aircraft standards into alignment with the international standards.

31 CFR 317.4 - Issuing agents currently qualified.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Issuing agents currently qualified. 317.4 Section 317.4 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... ISSUE OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS § 317.4 Issuing agents currently qualified. Each organization...

Current provision of care for older persons in A & E units in the UK.

PubMed

Howe, C A

1998-10-01

This study investigates the state of care for older persons within Accident and Emergency (A & E) units in the UK. As the proportion of older persons in the population continues to inexorably increase, A & E units will be expected to cope with a greater number of older people than ever before. Are they prepared for this increase, and do they possess the skills, knowledge and environment to care adequately for older people and the many special problems they present? One hundred A & E units were surveyed by a postal questionnaire consisting of a benchmark of best practice deemed by literature search and expert opinion to be important in caring for older persons in A & E. The data produced gives an overall picture of the current provision of care for older persons in A & E units, and indicates to fellow A & E nursing professionals where current performance may be improved.

Underground Injection Control, Hydraulic Fracturing, and Sources of Drinking Water in the Western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, R. B.; Kang, M.

2016-12-01

Oil and gas extraction is expanding in the United States, attributable to the success of high-volume hydraulic fracturing, and associated wastewater disposal is increasing as a result. The United States currently has approximately 180,000 Class II injection wells associated with the oil and gas industry, more than 50,000 of them in California. Hydraulic fracturing and underground injection often occur many thousands of feet belowground. Previously, however, we documented shallow hydraulic fracturing and other oil and gas activities across the western United States in particular, including California and Wyoming. In eight CA counties, for example, as many as 19% and 35% of oil/gas activities have occurred directly in freshwater zones and USDWs, respectively (Kang and Jackson 2016 PNAS). Here we expand this analysis to examine the underground injection control program and accompanying hydrogeologic variables found in California and elsewhere.

[Oral and maxillofacial surgery residency training in the United States: what can we learn].

PubMed

Ren, Y F

2017-04-09

China is currently in the process of establishing formal residency training programs in oral and maxillofacial surgery and other medical and dental specialties. Regulatory agencies, and educational and academic institutions in China are exploring mechanisms, goals and standards of residency training that meet the needs of the Chinese healthcare system. This article provides an introduction of residency training in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the United States, with emphasis on the accreditation standard by the Commission on Dental Accreditation. As there are fundamental differences in the medical and dental education systems between China and United States, the training standards in the United States may not be entirely applicable in China. A competency-based training model that focus on overall competencies in medical knowledge, clinical skills and values at the time of graduation should be taken into consideration in a Chinese residency training program in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Arthroplasty Utilization in the United States is Predicted by Age-Specific Population Groups.

PubMed

Bashinskaya, Bronislava; Zimmerman, Ryan M; Walcott, Brian P; Antoci, Valentin

2012-01-01

Osteoarthritis is a common indication for hip and knee arthroplasty. An accurate assessment of current trends in healthcare utilization as they relate to arthroplasty may predict the needs of a growing elderly population in the United States. First, incidence data was queried from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1993 to 2009. Patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty were identified. Then, the United States Census Bureau was queried for population data from the same study period as well as to provide future projections. Arthroplasty followed linear regression models with the population group >64 years in both hip and knee groups. Projections for procedure incidence in the year 2050 based on these models were calculated to be 1,859,553 cases (hip) and 4,174,554 cases (knee). The need for hip and knee arthroplasty is expected to grow significantly in the upcoming years, given population growth predictions.

Stress drops of induced and tectonic earthquakes in the central United States are indistinguishable.

PubMed

Huang, Yihe; Ellsworth, William L; Beroza, Gregory C

2017-08-01

Induced earthquakes currently pose a significant hazard in the central United States, but there is considerable uncertainty about the severity of their ground motions. We measure stress drops of 39 moderate-magnitude induced and tectonic earthquakes in the central United States and eastern North America. Induced earthquakes, more than half of which are shallower than 5 km, show a comparable median stress drop to tectonic earthquakes in the central United States that are dominantly strike-slip but a lower median stress drop than that of tectonic earthquakes in the eastern North America that are dominantly reverse-faulting. This suggests that ground motion prediction equations developed for tectonic earthquakes can be applied to induced earthquakes if the effects of depth and faulting style are properly considered. Our observation leads to the notion that, similar to tectonic earthquakes, induced earthquakes are driven by tectonic stresses.

Stress drops of induced and tectonic earthquakes in the central United States are indistinguishable

PubMed Central

Huang, Yihe; Ellsworth, William L.; Beroza, Gregory C.

2017-01-01

Induced earthquakes currently pose a significant hazard in the central United States, but there is considerable uncertainty about the severity of their ground motions. We measure stress drops of 39 moderate-magnitude induced and tectonic earthquakes in the central United States and eastern North America. Induced earthquakes, more than half of which are shallower than 5 km, show a comparable median stress drop to tectonic earthquakes in the central United States that are dominantly strike-slip but a lower median stress drop than that of tectonic earthquakes in the eastern North America that are dominantly reverse-faulting. This suggests that ground motion prediction equations developed for tectonic earthquakes can be applied to induced earthquakes if the effects of depth and faulting style are properly considered. Our observation leads to the notion that, similar to tectonic earthquakes, induced earthquakes are driven by tectonic stresses. PMID:28782040

Recent and projected future climatic suitability of North America for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus.

PubMed

Ogden, Nicholas H; Milka, Radojević; Caminade, Cyril; Gachon, Philippe

2014-12-02

Since the 1980s, populations of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus have become established in south-eastern, eastern and central United States, extending to approximately 40°N. Ae. albopictus is a vector of a wide range of human pathogens including dengue and chikungunya viruses, which are currently emerging in the Caribbean and Central America and posing a threat to North America. The risk of Ae. albopictus expanding its geographic range in North America under current and future climate was assessed using three climatic indicators of Ae. albopictus survival: overwintering conditions (OW), OW combined with annual air temperature (OWAT), and a linear index of precipitation and air temperature suitability expressed through a sigmoidal function (SIG). The capacity of these indicators to predict Ae. albopictus occurrence was evaluated using surveillance data from the United States. Projected future climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus was obtained using output of nine Regional Climate Model experiments (RCMs). OW and OWAT showed >90% specificity and sensitivity in predicting observed Ae. albopictus occurrence and also predicted moderate to high risk of Ae. albopictus invasion in Pacific coastal areas of the Unites States and Canada under current climate. SIG also well predicted observed Ae. albopictus occurrence (ROC area under the curve was 0.92) but predicted wider current climatic suitability in the north-central and north-eastern United States and south-eastern Canada. RCM output projected modest (circa 500 km) future northward range expansion of Ae. albopictus by the 2050s when using OW and OWAT indicators, but greater (600-1000 km) range expansion, particularly in eastern and central Canada, when using the SIG indicator. Variation in future possible distributions of Ae. albopictus was greater amongst the climatic indicators used than amongst the RCM experiments. Current Ae. albopictus distributions were well predicted by simple climatic indicators and northward range expansion was predicted for the future with climate change. However, current and future predicted geographic distributions of Ae. albopictus varied amongst the climatic indicators used. Further field studies are needed to assess which climatic indicator is the most accurate in predicting regions suitable for Ae. albopictus survival in North America.

Inactivation kinetics and steady-state current noise in the anomalous rectifier of tunicate egg cell membranes.

PubMed Central

Ohmori, H

1978-01-01

1. Inward K current through the anomalous rectifier in the tunicate egg (Halocynthis roretzi, Drashe) was studied under voltage clamp. The transient inward current in response to a step change of membrane potential was measured. The steady-state current fluctuations were analysed using the power density spectrum (p.d.s.). 2. The inward current showed time-dependent changes, which were described by a pair of the first order kinetic parameters, n and s for activation and inactivation, respectively. The steady-state channel open probability due to the activation process (n infinity) was assumed to be 1.0 for V more negative than about--100 mV, but that of the inactivation process (s infinity) and the time constant of inactivation (taus) were membrane potential dependent in the same potential range; both decreased with increasing hyperpolarization. 3. The inward currents in Na-free choline medium did not inactivate, but were decreased in size. In Na-free Li medium, inactivation was very small; the steady-state conductance was not affected significantly. 4. After exposure to high Ca media, an increase of the conductance was observed. This effect is probably caused by an increase of intracellular Ca due to Ca ions entering through the Na channels. Mg ions slightly decreased the conductance. 5. In the hyperpolarized membrane (-160 less than or equal to V less than or equal to -80mV), steady-state current noise was recorded and analysed using p.d.s. A p.d.s. of the 1/[1 + (f/fc)2] type as well a p.d.s. of the 1/f type was observed; f, frequency, fc, cut-off frequency. 6. fc was translated into time constant tauN (= 1/2pIfC) and compared with the time constant of inactivation, taus. There was a significant correlation betwen these values with a regression coefficient of 0.82. 7. Changing from 400 mM-Li abloshied inactivation and changed the p.d.s. from the 1/[1 + (f/fc)2] into the 1/f type. These results (paragraphs 5--7)suggest that the fluctuations in the steady-state currents originatte in the inactivation gatin kinetics of the an ofthe anomalous rectifier. 8. The number of anomalous rectifier channels and the unit channel conductance were estimated from the 1/[1 + (f/fc)2] type current noise according to the formula : (see text), where I infinity = gamma Nninfinity s infinity (V--VK), gamma the unit channel conductance, N the maximum number of channels that can be opened by a hyperpolarizing pulse per egg. The unit conductance was 6 pmho in standard artificial sea water and the channel density was 0.028/micrometer2. 9. The unit channel conductance (gamma) was dependent upon external K concentration, but the number ofchannels (N) was not. 10. The increase in chord conductance evoked by higher Ca concentrations was due to the increase of the channel number. By contrast, Mg ions seem to decrease the unit channel conductance slightly. PMID:568176

Hepatitis B screening and prevalence among resettled refugees - United States, 2006-2011.

PubMed

Scott, Kevin C; Taylor, Eboni M; Mamo, Blain; Herr, Nathaniel D; Cronkright, Peter J; Yun, Katherine; Altshuler, Marc; Shetty, Sharmila

2015-06-05

Globally, more than two billion persons have been infected at some time with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately 3.5 million refugees have chronic HBV infection. The endemicity of HBV varies by region. Because chronic hepatitis B is infectious and persons with chronic infection benefit from treatment, CDC recommends screening for HBV among all refugees who originate in countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; a marker for acute or chronic infection) is ≥2% or who are at risk for HBV because of personal characteristics such as injection drug use or household contact with an individual with HBV infection. Currently, almost all refugees are routinely screened for hepatitis B. However, prevalence rates of HBV infection in refugee populations recently resettled in the United States have not been determined. A multisite, retrospective study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of past HBV infection, current infection, and immunity among refugees resettled in the United States; to better characterize the burden of hepatitis B in this population; and to inform screening recommendations. The study incorporated surveillance data from a large state refugee health program and chart reviews from three U.S. sites that conduct medical screenings of refugees. The prevalence of HBV infection (current or past as determined by available titer levels) varied among refugees originating in different countries and was higher among Burmese refugees than among refugees from Bhutan or Iraq. Current or past HBV infection was also higher among adults (aged >18 years) and male refugees. These data might help inform planning by states and resettlement agencies, as well as screening decisions by health care providers.

Business Process Improvement Applied to Written Temporary Duty Travel Orders within the United States Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

Generally Accepted Process While neither DoD Directives nor USAF Regulations specify exact mandatory TDY order processing methods, most USAF units...functional input. Finally, TDY order processing functional experts at Hanscom, Los Angeles and McClellan AFBs provided inputs based on their experiences...current electronic auditing capabilities. 81 DTPS Initiative. This DFAS-initiated action to standardize TDY order processing throughout DoD is currently

Incentives for organ donation in the United States: feasible alternative or forthcoming apocalypse?

PubMed

Hippen, Benjamin; Matas, Arthur

2009-04-01

Several factors have generated interest in proposals to offer incentives in exchange for kidneys from living donors, including the growing shortage of available organs, the apparent asymptote of traditional means of organ procurement, and the intimate link between the inadequacies of organ procurement policies in developed countries with the flourishing of underground organ trafficking in developing countries. Herein, we review the scope and dimensions of the growing shortage of organs in the United States, with attention to how each of the proposed solutions to same has proven insufficient. With special attention to the concerns leveled by Gabriel Danovitch in his 'Open Letter,' we conclude that each of his concerns are unfounded, and offer a prospectus on how a trial of such systems might be pursued in the United States. The failure of current approaches to organ procurement in the United States and other developed countries has led to unnecessary suffering and death, with morally unacceptable consequences for developing countries. For these reasons, a structured trial of incentives for organ procurement in the United States is a moral imperative.

Preschool Facilities: Are States Providing Adequate Guidance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lea, Dennis R.; Polster, Patty Poppe

2010-01-01

The preschool facility is a critical element of an effective preschool program. The recent economic downturn in the United States makes it difficult for states and individual school districts to consider developing new preschool programs or enhancing current programs or facilities. Yet many Americans still agree that public investment in preschool…

22 CFR 61.3 - Certification and authentication criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 61.3 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND EXCHANGES WORLD-WIDE FREE FLOW OF... misrepresentation of the United States or other countries, or their people or institutions; (3) It is not representative, authentic, or accurate or does not represent the current state of factual knowledge of a subject...

Annotated bibliography and index map of sulfur and pyrites deposits in the United States and Alaska (including references to July 1, 1951)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Espenshade, Gilbert H.; Broedel, Carl H.

1952-01-01

Since the end of World War II, the pattern of sulfur production and consumption in the United States and abroad has changed markedly from the pattern that existed before the war. Although production of sulfur in the United States in 1950 was more than double the average annual production for the 1935-39 period, consumption had increased at such a rate that current domestic and foreign demand for U. S. sulfur exceeds the productive capacity of the industry. Production of sulfur (including brimstone, pyrites, and all other forms) in the 1935-39 period and in 1950 are compared in the table below.

Muscle length-dependent contribution of motoneuron Cav1.3 channels to force production in model slow motor unit.

PubMed

Kim, Hojeong

2017-07-01

Persistent inward current (PIC)-generating Ca v 1.3 channels in spinal motoneuron dendrites are thought to be actively recruited during normal behaviors. However, whether and how the activation of PIC channels influences force output of motor unit remains elusive. Here, building a physiologically realistic model of slow motor unit I demonstrated that force production induced by the PIC activation is much smaller for short than lengthened muscles during the regular firing of the motoneuron that transitions from the quiescent state by either a brief current pulse at the soma or a brief synaptic excitation at the dendrites. By contrast, the PIC-induced force potentiation was maximal for short muscles when the motoneuron switched from a stable low-frequency firing state to a stable high-frequency firing state by the current pulse at the soma. Under the synaptic excitation at the dendrites, however, the force could not be potentiated by the transitioning of the motoneuron from a low- to a high-frequency firing state due to the simultaneous onset of PIC at the dendrites and firing at the soma. The strong dependency of the input-output relationship of the motor unit on the neuromodulation and Ia afferent inputs for the PIC channels was further shown under static variations in muscle length. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PIC activation in the motoneuron dendrites may differentially affect the force production of the motor unit, depending not only on the firing state history of the motoneuron and the variation in muscle length but also on the mode of motor activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ca v 1.3 channels in motoneuron dendrites are actively involved during normal motor activities. To investigate the effects of the activation of motoneuron Ca v 1.3 channels on force production, a model motor unit was built based on best-available data. The simulation results suggest that force potentiation induced by Ca v 1.3 channel activation is strongly modulated not only by firing history of the motoneuron but also by length variation of the muscle as well as neuromodulation inputs from the brainstem. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Pier scour in clear-water conditions with non-uniform bed materials

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

Pier scour design in the United States is currently accomplished through application of the Colorado State University : (CSU) equation. Since the Federal Highway Administration recommended the CSU equation in 2001, substantial : advances have been ma...

16. LIGHTING PLAN OF GENERATOR ROOM, SHOWING CONFIGURATION OF TURBINEGENERATOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. LIGHTING PLAN OF GENERATOR ROOM, SHOWING CONFIGURATION OF TURBINE-GENERATOR UNITS. UNITS A THROUGH D ARE CURRENTLY DESIGNATED AS NOS. 1 THROUGH 4 (1907) - Nine Mile Hydroelectric Development, Powerhouse, State Highway 291 along Spokane River, Nine Mile Falls, Spokane County, WA

76 FR 75912 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... Pipe from India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam). The Commission is currently scheduled to... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [USITC SE-11-035] Sunshine Act Meeting Notice AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: United States International Trade Commission. TIME AND DATE: December 9, 2011 at 11 a.m. PLACE...

Zoophilia and the law: legal responses to a rare paraphilia.

PubMed

Holoyda, Brian; Newman, William

2014-01-01

Although societies' responses to bestiality have varied internationally, the response in the United States has typically involved condemnation and prosecution. Currently, there are 31 states with statutes prohibiting human-animal sexual contact. Despite the prevalence of antibestiality legislation, there is limited case law in the United States. Most commonly, bestiality arises in legal cases involving sexually violent predator (SVP) civil commitments. Identifying offenders who commit acts of bestiality is important, since these individuals may be at increased risk of committing a variety of other sexually and nonsexually violent acts against humans. Because of the different laws among the states, however, commonly used forensic risk assessment tools for sexual recidivism can yield different scores for individuals charged with or convicted of bestiality offenses. Forensic evaluators should consider this factor when conducting risk assessments. State legislatures should also consider modernizing their bestiality statutes to accord with current terminology and objectives for such laws. © 2014 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995

USGS Publications Warehouse

Solley, Wayne B.; Pierce, Robert R.; Perlman, Howard A.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this report is to present consistent and current water-use estimates by state and water-resources region for the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. Estimates of water withdrawn from surface- and ground-water sources, estimates of consumptive use, and estimates of instream use and wastewater releases during 1995 are presented in this report. This report discusses eight categories of offstream water use--public supply, domestic, commercial, irrigation, livestock, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power--and one category of instream use: hydroelectric power.

What Should Be the Policy of the United States Government toward the People's Republic of China. National Debate Topic for High Schools, 1995-96. 104th Congress, 1st Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Congressional Research Service.

Sampling the wide spectrum of opinions reflected in the current literature on the topic, this book presents a compilation of materials and bibliographic references designed to assist high school debaters in researching the topic of whether the United States government should substantially change its policy (foreign and economic) toward the…

Managing for delicious ecosystem service under climate change: can United States sugar maple (Acer saccharum) syrup production be maintained in a warming climate?

Treesearch

Stephen N. Matthews; Louis R. Iverson

2017-01-01

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a highly valued tree in United States (US) and Canada, and its sap when collected from taps and concentrated, makes a delicious syrup. Understanding how this resource may be impacted by climate change and other threats is essential to continue management for maple syrup into the future. Here, we evaluate the current...

Examining the Role of Inclusive STEM Schools in the College and Career Readiness of Students in the United States: A Multi-Group Analysis on the Outcome of Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erdogan, Niyazi; Stuessy, Carol

2016-01-01

The most prominent option for finding a solution to the shortage of workers with STEM knowledge has been identified as specialized STEM schools by policymakers in the United States. The current perception of specialized STEM schools can be described as a unique environment that includes advanced curriculum, expert teachers, and opportunities for…

The Future of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography.

PubMed

Covington, Matthew F; Pizzitola, Victor J; Lorans, Roxanne; Pockaj, Barbara A; Northfelt, Donald W; Appleton, Catherine M; Patel, Bhavika K

2018-02-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss facilitators of and barriers to future implementation of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in the United States. CEM provides low-energy 2D mammographic images analogous to digital mammography and contrast-enhanced recombined images that allow assessment of neovascularity similar to that offered by MRI. The utilization of CEM in the United States is currently low but could increase rapidly given the many potential indications for its clinical use.

Hospital librarianship in the United States: at the crossroads.

PubMed

Wolf, Diane G; Chastain-Warheit, Christine C; Easterby-Gannett, Sharon; Chayes, Marion C; Long, Bradley A

2002-01-01

This paper examines recent developments in hospital librarianship in the United States, including the current status of hospital-based clinical library services. Several examples of hospital library services are presented that demonstrate some characteristics of struggling and thriving services. The implications of the informationist concept are considered. The continuation of the hospital librarian's primary role in support of patient care is explored, as core competencies are reexamined for relevancy in the new millennium.

National Academy of Sciences: Helping Scientists Navigate & Troubleshoot Visa Issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailey, Kathie

2014-03-01

The International Visitors Office (IVO) is a program operated by the Board on International Scientific Organizations of the National Academy of Sciences. The IVO serves as a resource on visa-related issues for scientists and students traveling to the United States for professional activities. The speaker will address visa issues for international scientists wishing to visit the United States, tips for trouble-shooting visa issues, and statistics on the current visa system.

The Use of Megamelus scutellaris Berg in the Southern United States as a Biocontrol Agent of Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.))

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

spread to include the southern and western United States and disjunct northern populations ( US Department of Agriculture/ Natural Resources...waterhyacinth in Louisiana currently exceeds $4 million.3 Primary control methods include the use of herbicides and release of insect biological control...C with natural daylight (Figure 4). Reverse osmosis (RO) water was used in the tanks with periodic application of nutrients. Waterhyacinth was

The United States Experience with the Exotic Cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis: Detection, Quarantine, and Control

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack; Therese M. Poland; Rui-Tong Gao

2000-01-01

It is estimated that there are at least 4500 exotic (non-indigenous) organisms currently established in the United States(US) (US Congress 1993) and possibly as many as 50,000 (Pimentel et al. 2000). Of the many exotic organisms now in the US, more than 400 are insects that feed on trees and shrubs.(Haack and Byler 1993, Mattson et al. 1994, Niemela and Mattson 1996)....

America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences. Volume II. [Proceedings of the Research Conference on Racial Trends in the United States (Washington, D.C., October 15-16, 1998)].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smelser, Neil J., Ed.; Wilson, William Julius, Ed.; Mitchell, Faith, Ed.

This collection of papers explores past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. The papers, presented at the 1998 Research Conference on Racial Trends in the United States, provide analyses of racial and social dynamics and recommendations for future…

First Marriages in the United States: Data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Reports. Number 49

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Copen, Casey E.; Daniels, Kimberly; Vespa, Jonathan; Mosher, William D.

2012-01-01

Objectives: This report shows trends and group differences in current marital status, with a focus on first marriages among women and men aged 15-44 years in the United States. Trends and group differences in the timing and duration of first marriages are also discussed. These data are based on the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth…

Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery: What Is the Current State of Practice?

PubMed

Keller, Robert A; Moutzouros, Vasilios; Dines, Joshua S; Bush-Joseph, Charles A; Limpisvasti, Orr

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant perioperative risk with many common orthopaedic procedures. Currently, there is no standardized recommendation for the use of VTE prophylaxis during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study sought to evaluate the current prophylactic practices of fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Very few surgeons use perioperative VTE prophylaxis for ACL reconstructive surgery. Survey. Surveys were emailed to the alumni networks of 4 large ACGME-accredited sports medicine fellowship programs. Questions were focused on their current use of chemical and nonchemical VTE prophylaxis. Surveys were completed by 142 surgeons in the United States, yielding a response rate of 32%. Of those who responded, 50.7% stated that they routinely use chemical prophylaxis, with 95.5% of those using aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]). There was no standardized dosing protocol, with respondents using ASA 325 mg once (46%) or twice daily (26%) or ASA 81 mg once (18%) or twice (10%) daily. The most common reason for not including chemical prophylaxis within the reconstruction procedure was that it is unnecessary given the low risk of VTE. Physicians also based their prophylaxis regimen more on their own clinical experience than concern for litigation. Half of all sports medicine fellowship-trained surgeons surveyed routinely use chemical VTE prophylaxis after ACL reconstruction, with more than 90% of those using ASA. Of those using ASA, there was no prevailing dosing protocol. For those not using chemical prophylaxis, the most important reason was that it was felt to be unnecessary due to the risks outweighing the benefits. Those who do not regularly use chemical prophylaxis would be willing to, however, if a patient had a personal or family history of clotting disorder or is currently on birth control. Additionally, clinical experience was the primary driver for a current prophylaxis protocol. This survey study evaluating the use of VTE prophylaxis with ACL reconstruction lends clinical insight to the current practice of a large, geographically diverse group of fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States.

State Dream Acts: The Effect of In-State Resident Tuition Policies and Undocumented Latino Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flores, Stella M.

2010-01-01

This study examines the effect of in-state resident tuition legislation across the United States on the college enrollment odds of individuals likely to be undocumented Latino immigrants. The study employs a differences-indifferences strategy using data from the Current Population Survey's Merged Outgoing Rotation Groups. Foreign-born noncitizen…

Effect of Selected Variables on Funding State Compensatory and Regular Education in Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiesman, Karen Wheeler

2009-01-01

Funding public schools has been an ongoing struggle since the inception of the United States. Beginning with Jefferson's "A General Diffusion of Knowledge" that charged the states with properly funding public schools, to the current day legal battles that continue in states across the Union, America struggles with finding a solution to…

Valuing state parks: Accounting for diverse visitor perspectives

Treesearch

Jason W. Whiting; Lincoln R. Larson; Gary T. Green

2012-01-01

Current and estimated future changes in the United States population suggest that racial and ethnic minority groups are growing rapidly. Minority groups, however, continue to be underrepresented in visitation to state parks. It is also unclear how minority groups value natural settings, such as state parks. The lack of visitation and lack of information pertaining to...

Science/Society Case Study. Solid Wastes: Diamonds in the Rough?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, John W., Ed.; Moore, Elizabeth A., Ed.

1976-01-01

Expounds on the current solid waste disposal problems of the United States and current methods of waste disposal. Includes a description of the use of solid waste in power generating plants. A bibliography of suggested readings is provided. (CP)

Learning Styles of Pilots Currently Qualified in United States Air Force Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kanske, Craig A.

2001-01-01

Kolb's Learning Style Inventory was used to identify the predominant learning styles of pilots currently qualified in United States Air Force aircraft. The results indicate that these pilots show a significant preference for facts and things over people and feelings. By understanding the preferred learning styles of the target population, course material can be developed that take advantage of the strengths of these learning styles. This information can be especially useful in the future design of cockpit resource management training. The training program can be developed to demonstrate both that there are different learning styles and that it is possible to take advantage of the relative strengths of each of these learning styles.

Globalization of Gerontology Education: Current Practices and Perceptions for Graduate Gerontology Education in the United States

PubMed Central

MWANGI, SAMUEL M.; YAMASHITA, TAKASHI; EWEN, HEIDI H.; MANNING, LYDIA K.; KUNKEL, SUZANNE R.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study is to document current practices and understandings about globalization of gerontology education in the United States. Better understanding of aging requires international perspectives in global communities. However, little is known about how globalization of gerontology education is practiced in U.S. graduate-level degree programs. The authors conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education, the major national organization supporting higher education in gerontology, graduate program directors, and students. Although all respondents expressed their interest in globalizing gerontology education, actual practices are diverse. The authors discuss suggested conceptualization and strategies for globalizing gerontology education. PMID:22490075

Current activities in standardization of high-temperature, low-cycle-fatigue testing techniques in the United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verrilli, Michael J.; Ellis, J. Rodney; Swindeman, Robert W.

1990-01-01

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard E606-80 is the most often used recommended testing practice for low-cycle-fatigue (LCF) testing in the United States. The standard was first adopted in 1977 for LCF testing at room temperature and was modified in 1980 to include high-temperature testing practices. Current activity within ASTM is aimed at extending the E606-80 recommended practices to LCF under thermomechanical conditions, LCF in high-pressure hydrogen, and LCF in metal-matrix composite materials. Interlaboratory testing programs conducted to generate a technical base for modifying E606-80 for the aforementioned LCF test types are discussed.

Globalization of gerontology education: current practices and perceptions for graduate gerontology education in the United States.

PubMed

Mwangi, Samuel M; Yamashita, Takashi; Ewen, Heidi H; Manning, Lydia K; Kunkel, Suzanne R

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to document current practices and understandings about globalization of gerontology education in the United States. Better understanding of aging requires international perspectives in global communities. However, little is known about how globalization of gerontology education is practiced in U.S. graduate-level degree programs. The authors conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education, the major national organization supporting higher education in gerontology, graduate program directors, and students. Although all respondents expressed their interest in globalizing gerontology education, actual practices are diverse. The authors discuss suggested conceptualization and strategies for globalizing gerontology education.

An overlooked source of physician-scientists.

PubMed

Puljak, Livia

2007-12-01

A shortage of physician-scientists in the United States is an ongoing problem. Various recommendations have been made to address this issue; however, none of them have ameliorated the situation. Foreign medical school graduates with postdoctoral training in the United States are an overlooked and untapped resource for combating the dearth of physician-scientists. Evaluation of the scientific staff at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center revealed that 11% of all postdoctoral fellows were international medical graduates. Interestingly, a survey taken by these individuals revealed a lack of institutional and/or mentor support for career development and preparation for becoming physician-scientists. Foreign postdoctoral fellows with medical degrees are not even eligible for physician-scientist grants and awards since they are not US citizens. Although physicians educated in the United States usually matriculate from medical school with high educational debt that prevents most of them from entering into scientific careers, doctors trained outside the United States generally have minimal, if any, debt. Furthermore, many of them have a keen interest in remaining in the United States once they complete their postdoctoral training. Thus, foreign-trained medical professionals who have pursued scientific training in the United States can be one of the solutions for the current dearth of physician-scientists.

Safety And Promotion in the Federal Aviation Administration- Enabling Safe and Successful Commercial Space Transportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Repcheck, Randall J.

2010-09-01

The United States Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation(AST) authorizes the launch and reentry of expendable and reusable launch vehicles and the operation of launch and reentry sites by United States citizens or within the United States. It authorizes these activities consistent with public health and safety, the safety of property, and the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. In addition to its safety role, AST has the role to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries by the private sector. AST’s promotional role includes, among other things, the development of information of interest to industry, the sharing of information of interest through a variety of methods, and serving as an advocate for Commercial Space Transportation within the United States government. This dual safety and promotion role is viewed by some as conflicting. AST views these two roles as complementary, and important for the current state of commercial space transportation. This paper discusses how maintaining a sound safety decision-making process, maintaining a strong safety culture, and taking steps to avoid complacency can together enable safe and successful commercial space transportation.

Mass transit sustainability in the Saint Louis region.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

It has been often suggested that the definition of insanity is doing the same thing and expecting a different outcome. Unfortunately a : dispassionate evaluation of the current state of public transit in the United States would easily fit this defini...

77 FR 67396 - Government in the Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

...-Quality Steel Pipe from India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam). The Commission is currently... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [USITC Se-12-030] Government in the Sunshine Act Meeting Notice AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: United States International Trade Commission. TIME AND DATE: November 14...

Adults' Views on Mathematics Education: A Midwest Sample

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brez, Caitlin C.; Allen, Jessica J.

2016-01-01

Currently, few studies have addressed public opinions regarding math education. The current study surveyed adults in a Midwestern town in the United States to assess opinions regarding math and math education. Overall, we found that adults believe that math is useful and that math education is important. We found that parents who currently have a…

37 CFR 1.419 - Display of currently valid control number under the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Display of currently valid... UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International Processing Provisions General Information § 1.419 Display of currently valid control...

Health-related quality of life of cataract patients: cross-cultural comparisons of utility and psychometric measures.

PubMed

Lee, Jae Eun; Fos, Peter J; Zuniga, Miguel A; Kastl, Peter R; Sung, Jung Hye

2003-07-01

This study was conducted to assess the presence and/or absence of cross-cultural differences or similarities between Korean and United States cataract patients. A systematic assessment was performed using utility and psychometric measures in the study population. A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the comparison of preoperative outcomes measures in cataract patients in Korea and the United States. Study subjects were selected using non-probabilistic methods and included 132 patients scheduled for cataract surgery in one eye. Subjects were adult cataract patients at Samsung and Kunyang General Hospital in Seoul, Korea, and Tulane University Hospital and Clinics in New Orleans, Louisiana. Preoperative utility was assessed using the verbal rating scale and standard reference gamble techniques. Current preoperative health status was assessed using the SF-36 and VF-14 surveys. Current preoperative Snellen visual acuity was used as a clinical measure of vision status. Korean patients were more likely to be younger (p = 0.001), less educated (p = 0.001), and to have worse Snellen visual acuity (p = 0.002) than United States patients. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that in contrast to Korean patients, United States patients were assessed to have higher scoring in general health, vitality, VF-14, and verbal rating for visual health. This higher scoring trend persisted after controlling for age, gender, education and Snellen visual acuity. The difference in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between the two countries was quite clear, especially in the older age and highly educated group. Subjects in Korea and the United States were significantly different in quality of life, functional status and clinical outcomes. Subjects in the United States had more favorable health outcomes than those in Korea. These differences may be caused by multiple factors, including country-specific differences in economic status, health care system, cultural value system, and health policy. Cross-cultural differences should be considered when making international comparisons of quality of life.

Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions.

PubMed

Aggarwal, Sunil K; Carter, Gregory T; Sullivan, Mark D; ZumBrunnen, Craig; Morrill, Richard; Mayer, Jonathan D

2009-01-01

Cannabis (marijuana) has been used for medicinal purposes for millennia, said to be first noted by the Chinese in c. 2737 BCE. Medicinal cannabis arrived in the United States much later, burdened with a remarkably checkered, yet colorful, history. Despite early robust use, after the advent of opioids and aspirin, medicinal cannabis use faded. Cannabis was criminalized in the United States in 1937, against the advice of the American Medical Association submitted on record to Congress. The past few decades have seen renewed interest in medicinal cannabis, with the National Institutes of Health, the Institute of Medicine, and the American College of Physicians, all issuing statements of support for further research and development. The recently discovered endocannabinoid system has greatly increased our understanding of the actions of exogenous cannabis. Endocannabinoids appear to control pain, muscle tone, mood state, appetite, and inflammation, among other effects. Cannabis contains more than 100 different cannabinoids and has the capacity for analgesia through neuromodulation in ascending and descending pain pathways, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This article reviews the current and emerging research on the physiological mechanisms of cannabinoids and their applications in managing chronic pain, muscle spasticity, cachexia, and other debilitating problems.

The Sampling and Analysis Plan, Galena Airport and Kalakaket Creek Radio Relay Station, Alaska. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-08

information deactivated during 1993. Currently, approximately 30 required in a QAPP per the U.S. Environmental caretakers are present at the facility...the total analytical cost. A subset of those Galena Airport-The current environmental samples collected and screened will be sent to an investigative...sampling report United States Environmental Protection Agency (US preparation. EPA), USAF, state, and local requirements. Ms. Sandy Smith is

Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Quarterly Report to the United States Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-30

RECONSTRUCTION INITIATIVES AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION INITIATIVES Framework for Current U.S. Funding Current U.S. support to Afghanistan...reconstruction is based on the Foreign Assistance Framework as set forth in the Department of State’s most recent Congressional Budget Justi cation for 2008 and...Humanitarian Assistance • The Framework supports the goal of aiding in the development of “democratic, well-governed states that respond to the

Abortion among Adolescents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Nancy E.; Ozer, Emily J.; Tschann, Jeanne

2003-01-01

Reviews the current status of abortion laws pertaining to adolescents worldwide, examining questions raised by parental consent laws in the United States and by the relevant psychological research (risk of harm from abortion, informed consent, consequences of parental involvement in the abortion decision, and current debate). Discusses issues…

A NEW APPROACH FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM ALGAE

EPA Science Inventory

The supply of energy for the United States and world is currently dependent on extraction of fossil fuels. Eventually, a novel or sustainable source of energy will be required for industrial societies. In particular, transportation fuels are currently dependent on dwindling su...

Airport Privatization: Issues Related to the Sale or Lease of U.S. Commercial Airports

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-11-07

Examines the current extent of private sector participation at commerical : airports in the United States and foreign countries, the current incentives and : barriers to the sale or lease of airports, and the potential implications for : major stakeh...

States Grapple with Autism's Rising Tide. Special Education: Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kreck, Carol

2014-01-01

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the fastest-growing developmental disability in the United States. In recognizing the increasing needs of children affected by ASD, as well as the associated financial implications for local governments, some states are re-assessing their current systems of support and looking for better and more efficient ways…

Understanding Student Attitudes about Distance Education: The Importance of Excitement and Fear

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smidt, Esther; Bunk, Jennifer; Li, Rui; McAndrew, Ashley; Florence, Matthew

2016-01-01

This quantitative study investigated student attitudes toward distance education at a midsized, mid-Atlantic state university in the United States. The research question was: Do feelings of excitement and fear moderate and/or mediate the relationship between online learning experiences and student opinions about the current state of online…

Reading Attitudes of Middle School Students: Results of a U.S. Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKenna, Michael C.; Conradi, Kristin; Lawrence, Camille; Jang, Bong Gee; Meyer, J. Patrick

2012-01-01

To examine the current state of reading attitudes among middle school students in the United States, a survey was developed and administered to 4,491 students in 23 states plus the District of Columbia. The instrument comprised four subscales measuring attitudes toward: recreational reading in print settings, recreational reading in digital…

Perceptions of Collaborative Process in a Professional Learning Focused University-Community-School Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Psimas, Lynnae L.

2012-01-01

The current study explored the collaborative processes present in a collaboration between an urban university in the Southeast United States, a state-funded educational support agency, and several urban and suburban school districts served by the state agency. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the collaboration and relevant practices,…

Current Status, Planning and Prospects of the 1202 State Postsecondary Commissions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenske, Robert H., Ed.; Romesburg, Kerry D., Ed.

With the passage of the Education Amendments of 1972, the Congress of the United States introduced to the nation's educators a new academic and educational environment. Included in those amendments, under Title XII, General Provisions, was Section 1202 pertaining to the establishment of state postsecondary education commissions, signifying an…

Early Identification of Infants and Toddlers with Deafblindness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anthony, Tanni L.

2016-01-01

Data from the 2014 National Center on Deaf-Blindness Count show that fewer than 100 infants and toddlers are currently identified with deafblindness across the United States and that identification rates for this population vary greatly from state to state. The author presents a key rationale for timely and accurate identification of early-onset…

Reassessing the Effects of Early Adolescent Alcohol Use on Later Antisocial Behavior: A Longitudinal Study of Students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States

PubMed Central

Hemphill, Sheryl A.; Heerde, Jessica A.; Scholes-Balog, Kirsty E.; Smith, Rachel; Herrenkohl, Todd I.; Toumbourou, John W.; Catalano, Richard F.

2013-01-01

The effect of early adolescent alcohol use on antisocial behavior was examined at one- and two-year follow-up in Washington, United States and Victoria, Australia. Each state used the same methods to survey statewide representative samples of students (N = 1,858, 52% female) in 2002 (Grade 7 [G7]), 2003 (Grade 8 [G8]), and 2004 (Grade 9 [G9]). Rates of lifetime, current, frequent, and heavy episodic alcohol use were higher in Victoria than Washington State, whereas rates of five antisocial behaviors were generally comparable across states. After controlling for established risk factors, few associations between alcohol use and antisocial behavior remained, except that G7 current use predicted G8 police arrests and stealing and G9 carrying a weapon and stealing; G7 heavy episodic use predicted G8 and G9 police arrests; and G7 lifetime use predicted G9 carrying a weapon. Hence, risk factors other than alcohol were stronger predictors of antisocial behaviors. PMID:25132702

Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States: March 1978 (Advance Report). Population Characteristics, Current Population Reports. Series P-20, No. 328.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Edward W.; And Others

In March 1978 there were 12 million persons of Spanish origin in the United States: about 7.2 million of Mexican origin, 1.8 million of Puerto Rican origin, 700,000 of Cuban origin, 900,000 of Central or South American origin, and about 1.5 million of other Spanish origin. Of these, 85% resided in metropolitan areas. About 42% were under 18 years…

An application of Durkheim's theory of suicide to prison suicide rates in the United States.

PubMed

Tartaro, Christine; Lester, David

2005-06-01

E. Durkheim (1897) suggested that the societal rate of suicide might be explained by societal factors, such as marriage, divorce, and birth rates. The current study examined male prison suicide rates and suicide rates for men in the total population in the United States and found that variables based on Durkheim's theory of suicide explained prison suicide rates better than suicide rates for total population. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Legal restraints on dissemination of instructional materials by educational communications systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bernstein, N. N.

1972-01-01

The legal restraints on the use of electronic communications systems for dissemination of instructional materials in the United States are discussed. First the laws are examined relating to public school elementary and secondary education, with primary emphasis on selection of courses of study and instructional materials. The second part contains an examination of the copyright laws, both the copyright law now in effect and the revision thereto currently pending before the Congress of the United States.

Using a decision support system to estimate departures of present forest landscape patterns from historical reference condition—an example from the inland Northwest region of the United States.

Treesearch

P.F. Hessburg; K.M. Reynolds; R.B. Salter; M.B. Richmond

2004-01-01

Human settlement and management activities have altered the patterns and processes of forest landscapes across the inland northwest region of the United States (Hessburg et al. 2000C; Hessburg and Agee in press). As a consequence, many attributes of current disturbance regimes (e.g., the frequency, duration, severity, and extent of fires) differ markedly from those of...

Hospital librarianship in the United States: at the crossroads

PubMed Central

Wolf, Diane G.; Chastain-Warheit, Christine C.; Easterby-Gannett, Sharon; Chayes, Marion C.; Long, Bradley A.

2002-01-01

This paper examines recent developments in hospital librarianship in the United States, including the current status of hospital-based clinical library services. Several examples of hospital library services are presented that demonstrate some characteristics of struggling and thriving services. The implications of the informationist concept are considered. The continuation of the hospital librarian's primary role in support of patient care is explored, as core competencies are reexamined for relevancy in the new millennium. PMID:11838458

U.S.-Brazil Security Cooperation and the Challenge of Technology Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

Long Road of Unmet Expectations (New York: Routledge, 2005). 17 Russell Crandall and Britta Crandall, “Brazil: Ally or Rival?” in The United States...Several authors have written on the current sources of friction in Brazil- U.S. relations. Russell and Britta Crandall, in “Brazil: Ally or Rival...Following the discovery of vast uranium resources, Brazilian President Getulio Vargas signed a number of agreements with the United States in the 1940s to

A proposed national strategy for tuberculosis vaccine development.

PubMed

Ginsberg, A M

2000-06-01

The global tuberculosis epidemic causes approximately 5% of deaths worldwide. Despite recent concerted and largely successful tuberculosis control efforts, the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States remains 74-fold higher than the stated elimination goal of <1 case per million population by the year 2010. Current bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines, although efficacious in preventing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in young children, have shown widely variable efficacy in preventing adult pulmonary tuberculosis, confound skin test screening, and are not recommended for use in the United States. The Advisory Council for Elimination of Tuberculosis recently stated that tuberculosis would not be eliminated from the United States without a more effective vaccine. Recent scientific advances have created unprecedented opportunity for tuberculosis vaccine development. Therefore, members of the broad tuberculosis research and control communities have recently created and proposed a national strategy, or blueprint, for tuberculosis vaccine development, which is presented here.

An integrated autonomous rendezvous and docking system architecture using Centaur modern avionics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Kurt

1991-01-01

The avionics system for the Centaur upper stage is in the process of being modernized with the current state-of-the-art in strapdown inertial guidance equipment. This equipment includes an integrated flight control processor with a ring laser gyro based inertial guidance system. This inertial navigation unit (INU) uses two MIL-STD-1750A processors and communicates over the MIL-STD-1553B data bus. Commands are translated into load activation through a Remote Control Unit (RCU) which incorporates the use of solid state relays. Also, a programmable data acquisition system replaces separate multiplexer and signal conditioning units. This modern avionics suite is currently being enhanced through independent research and development programs to provide autonomous rendezvous and docking capability using advanced cruise missile image processing technology and integrated GPS navigational aids. A system concept was developed to combine these technologies in order to achieve a fully autonomous rendezvous, docking, and autoland capability. The current system architecture and the evolution of this architecture using advanced modular avionics concepts being pursued for the National Launch System are discussed.

Virtual Reality and Cyberspace: From Science Fiction to Science Fact.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, Robert J.

1991-01-01

Traces the history of virtual reality (VR), or cyberspace, and describes some of the research and development efforts currently being carried out in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. Applications of VR in interactive computer-aided design (CAD), the military, leisure activities, spaceflight, teleconferencing, and medicine are…

Processing can alter the properties of peanut extract preparations.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

As peanut allergy is an increasing public health risk, affecting over 1% of the United States and United Kingdom school children; it is important that methods and reagents for accurate diagnosis of food allergy, and detection of allergenic foods are reliable and consistent. Given that most current e...

Smaller Schools: A Conflict of Aims and Purposes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tasker, Mary

2008-01-01

This article tracks recent developments in the debate about secondary school size. It looks at the growth of the small schools movement in the United States and at initiatives currently underway in the United Kingdom. The article explores various strategies for reconfiguring secondary schools into smaller learning communities or "schools…

78 FR 18323 - Notice of Availability of a Draft Programmatic Environmental Assessment of the Proposed United...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... Proposed United States Regional Climate Reference Network (USRCRN) AGENCY: National Weather Service (NWS..., is proposing to implement, operate, and manage a USRCRN. With other climate monitoring efforts..., high-quality climate data for use in climate-monitoring activities and for placing current climate...

The High School Curriculum in the United States and the United Kingdom: Perspectives on Reform and Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Maurice

1993-01-01

Examines the interplay of political and educational factors influencing current U.S. and British school reform. The dominant characteristic of educational policymaking in both countries is "hyperpoliticalization." Britain's 1988 Education Reform Act, motivated by conservative political considerations, represents a setback to secondary…

78 FR 6065 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-29

... a currently valid OMB control number. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Title: Tuberculosis... Health Inspection Service (APHIS) participates in the Cooperative State-Federal Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Program, which is a national program to eliminate bovine tuberculosis from the United States. This...

Rural Adolescent Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drug Use: A Comparison of Students in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coomber, Kerri; Toumbourou, John W.; Miller, Peter; Staiger, Petra K.; Hemphill, Sheryl A.; Catalano, Richard F.

2011-01-01

Purpose: There are inconsistent research findings regarding the impact of rurality on adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substance use. Therefore, the current study reports on the effect of rurality on alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among adolescents in 2 state representative samples in 2 countries, Washington State (WA) in the…

A Comprehensive Analysis of High School Genetics Standards: Are States Keeping Pace with Modern Genetics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougherty, M. J.; Pleasants, C.; Solow, L.; Wong, A.; Zhang, H.

2011-01-01

Science education in the United States will increasingly be driven by testing and accountability requirements, such as those mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act, which rely heavily on learning outcomes, or "standards," that are currently developed on a state-by-state basis. Those standards, in turn, drive curriculum and instruction.…

Effects of alteplase for acute stroke according to criteria defining the European Union and United States marketing authorizations: Individual-patient-data meta-analysis of randomized trials.

PubMed

Hacke, Werner; Lyden, Patrick; Emberson, Jonathan; Baigent, Colin; Blackwell, Lisa; Albers, Gregory; Bluhmki, Erich; Brott, Thomas; Cohen, Geoffrey; Davis, Stephen M; Donnan, Geoffrey A; Grotta, James C; Howard, George; Kaste, Markku; Koga, Masatoshi; von Kummer, Rüdiger; Lansberg, Maarten G; Lindley, Richard I; Olivot, Jean-Marc; Parsons, Mark; Sandercock, Peter Ag; Toni, Danilo; Toyoda, Kazunori; Wahlgren, Nils; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Whiteley, William N; Del Zoppo, Gregory; Lees, Kennedy R

2018-02-01

Background The recommended maximum age and time window for intravenous alteplase treatment of acute ischemic stroke differs between the Europe Union and United States. Aims We compared the effects of alteplase in cohorts defined by the current Europe Union or United States marketing approval labels, and by hypothetical revisions of the labels that would remove the Europe Union upper age limit or extend the United States treatment time window to 4.5 h. Methods We assessed outcomes in an individual-patient-data meta-analysis of eight randomized trials of intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) versus control for acute ischemic stroke. Outcomes included: excellent outcome (modified Rankin score 0-1) at 3-6 months, the distribution of modified Rankin score, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality. Results Alteplase increased the odds of modified Rankin score 0-1 among 2449/6136 (40%) patients who met the current European Union label and 3491 (57%) patients who met the age-revised label (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.21-1.68 and 1.43, 1.23-1.65, respectively), but not in those outside the age-revised label (1.06, 0.90-1.26). By 90 days, there was no increased mortality in the current and age-revised cohorts (hazard ratios 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.25 and 1.01, 0.86-1.19, respectively) but mortality remained higher outside the age-revised label (1.19, 0.99-1.42). Similarly, alteplase increased the odds of modified Rankin score 0-1 among 1174/6136 (19%) patients who met the current US approval and 3326 (54%) who met a 4.5-h revised approval (odds ratio 1.55, 1.19-2.01 and 1.37, 1.17-1.59, respectively), but not for those outside the 4.5-h revised approval (1.14, 0.97-1.34). By 90 days, no increased mortality remained for the current and 4.5-h revised label cohorts (hazard ratios 0.99, 0.77-1.26 and 1.02, 0.87-1.20, respectively) but mortality remained higher outside the 4.5-h revised approval (1.17, 0.98-1.41). Conclusions An age-revised European Union label or 4.5-h-revised United States label would each increase the number of patients deriving net benefit from alteplase by 90 days after acute ischemic stroke, without excess mortality.

CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium: Current State and Recommendations to Achieve Adequate and Sustainable Funding for Emergency Medicine Academic Units.

PubMed

Lang, Eddy S; Artz, Jennifer D; Wilkie, Ryan D; Stiell, Ian G; Topping, Claude; Belanger, François P; Afilalo, Marc; Renouf, Tia; Crocco, Anthony; Wyatt, Kelly; Christenson, Jim

2016-05-01

To describe the current state of academic emergency medicine (EM) funding in Canada and develop recommendations to grow and establish sustainable funding. A panel of eight leaders from different EM academic units was assembled. Using mixed methods (including a literature review, sharing of professional experiences, a survey of current EM academic heads, and data previously collected from an environmental scan), 10 recommendations were drafted and presented at an academic symposium. Attendee feedback was incorporated, and the second set of draft recommendations was further distributed to the Canadian Association Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Section for additional comments before being finalized. Recommendations were developed around the funding challenges identified and solutions developed by academic EM university-based units across Canada. A strategic plan was seen as integral to achieving strong funding of an EM unit, especially when it aligned with departmental and institutional priorities. A business plan, although occasionally overlooked, was deemed an important component for planning and sustaining the academic mission. A number of recommendations surrounding philanthropy consisted of creating partnerships with existing foundations and engaging multiple stakeholders and communities. Synergy between academic and clinical EM departments was also viewed as an opportunity to ensure integration of common missions. Education and networking for current and future leaders were also viewed as invaluable to ensure that opportunities are optimized through strong leadership development and shared experiences to further the EM academic missions across the country. These recommendations were designed to improve the financial circumstances for many Canadian EM units. There is a considerable wealth of resources that can contribute to financial stability for an academic unit, and an annual networking meeting and continuing education on these issues will facilitate more rapid implementation of these recommendations.

Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program Integrated Program Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCarthy, Kathryn A.; Busby, Jeremy; Hallbert, Bruce

2014-04-01

Nuclear power has safely, reliably, and economically contributed almost 20% of electrical generation in the United States over the past two decades. It remains the single largest contributor (more than 70%) of non-greenhouse-gas-emitting electric power generation in the United States. Domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to experience a 31% growth from 2009 to 2035. At the same time, most of the currently operating nuclear power plants will begin reaching the end of their initial 20-year extension to their original 40-year operating license for a total of 60 years of operation. Figure E-1 shows projected nuclear energy contribution tomore » the domestic generating capacity. If current operating nuclear power plants do not operate beyond 60 years, the total fraction of generated electrical energy from nuclear power will begin to decline—even with the expected addition of new nuclear generating capacity. The oldest commercial plants in the United States reached their 40th anniversary in 2009. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s Research and Development Roadmap (Nuclear Energy Roadmap) organizes its activities around four objectives that ensure nuclear energy remains a compelling and viable energy option for the United States. The four objectives are as follows: (1) develop technologies and other solutions that can improve the reliability, sustain the safety, and extend the life of the current reactors; (2) develop improvements in the affordability of new reactors to enable nuclear energy to help meet the Administration’s energy security and climate change goals; (3) develop sustainable nuclear fuel cycles; and (4) understand and minimize the risks of nuclear proliferation and terrorism. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is the primary programmatic activity that addresses Objective 1. This document summarizes the LWRS Program’s plans.« less

An Analysis of the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Dengue Transmission in the Southeastern United States.

PubMed

Butterworth, Melinda K; Morin, Cory W; Comrie, Andrew C

2017-04-01

Dengue fever, caused by a mosquito-transmitted virus, is an increasing health concern in the Americas. Meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation can affect disease distribution and abundance through biophysical impacts on the vector and on the virus. Such tightly coupled links may facilitate further spread of dengue fever under a changing climate. In the southeastern United States, the dengue vector is widely established and exists on the current fringe of dengue transmission. We assessed projected climate change-driven shifts in dengue transmission risk in this region. We used a dynamic mosquito population and virus transmission model driven by meteorological data to simulate Aedes aegypti populations and dengue cases in 23 locations in the southeastern United States under current climate conditions and future climate projections. We compared estimates for each location with simulations based on observed data from San Juan, Puerto Rico, where dengue is endemic. Our simulations based on current climate data suggest that dengue transmission at levels similar to those in San Juan is possible at several U.S. locations during the summer months, particularly in southern Florida and Texas. Simulations that include climate change projections suggest that conditions may become suitable for virus transmission in a larger number of locations and for a longer period of time during each year. However, in contrast with San Juan, U.S. locations would not sustain year-round dengue transmission according to our model. Our findings suggest that Dengue virus (DENV) transmission is limited by low winter temperatures in the mainland United States, which are likely to prevent its permanent establishment. Although future climate conditions may increase the length of the mosquito season in many locations, projected increases in dengue transmission are limited to the southernmost locations.

Total ankle replacement systems available in the United States.

PubMed

Coetzee, J Chris; Deorio, James K

2010-01-01

Ankle replacement continues to be a viable option for treating patients with ankle arthritis. Over the past 10 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of ankle replacement systems available for use. Current controversy centers on whether fixed- or mobile-bearing devices are most advantageous. Most total ankle systems used outside the United States are mobile-bearing devices, whereas ankle replacement systems used in the United States are all essentially fixed-bearing devices. Not all ankles with degenerative changes are amenable to replacement surgery, and several exclusion criteria are well documented. Ankle replacement is especially complicated because of the ankle's proximity to the foot and the important role that the balance and alignment of the foot play in the success of the ankle replacement. Foot deformities should be treated before or at the time of ankle replacement surgery. Ignoring foot deformities can lead to failure of the ankle replacement. It is also of paramount importance to consider the stability of the ankle ligaments. An unstable ankle with a varus or valgus deformity of more than 20 degrees is probably not amenable to ankle replacement. There are currently no reliable options to predictably reconstruct the lateral or medial ligaments in these severe deformities. It is important to be aware of the ankle replacement systems currently available in the United States and understand the key features of each design. Devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, a device that is awaiting approval, and a device that is being evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration in a prospective randomized clinical trial are discussed, along with an objective comparison of fixed- and mobile-bearing devices.

How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Dongyue; Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Durand, Michael; Adam, Jennifer; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.

2017-06-01

In the western United States, the seasonal phase of snow storage bridges between winter-dominant precipitation and summer-dominant water demand. The critical role of snow in water supply has been frequently quantified using the ratio of snowmelt-derived runoff to total runoff. However, current estimates of the fraction of annual runoff generated by snowmelt are not based on systematic analyses. Here based on hydrological model simulations and a new snowmelt tracking algorithm, we show that 53% of the total runoff in the western United States originates as snowmelt, despite only 37% of the precipitation falling as snow. In mountainous areas, snowmelt is responsible for 70% of the total runoff. By 2100, the contribution of snowmelt to runoff will decrease by one third for the western U.S. in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Snowmelt-derived runoff currently makes up two thirds of the inflow to the region's major reservoirs. We argue that substantial impacts on water supply are likely in a warmer climate.

"God must have been sleeping": faith as an obstacle and a resource for Rwandan genocide survivors in the United States.

PubMed

Fox, Nicole

2012-01-01

In 1994, 1 million Rwandans were violently killed in only 100 days. Devastating for some Rwandan survivors was the significant role that some Catholic parishes and leaders took in ignoring, facilitating, and even perpetuating the genocide. This article seeks to understand how Rwandan genocide survivors draw on religion as they negotiate their postgenocide identities in the United States and comprehend their current faiths, beliefs, and practices. Based on qualitative interviews with Rwandan survivors now located within the United States, I argue that the experiences of religiosity postgenocide serve as both an obstacle and a resource in postgenocide life, creating significant individual and local ramifications for community engagement, reconciliation, and trauma recovery.

Liquid hydrogen production and commercial demand in the United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heydorn, Barbara

1990-01-01

Kennedy Space Center, the single largest purchaser of liquid hydrogen (LH2) in the United States, evaluated current and anticipated hydrogen production and consumption in the government and commercial sectors. Specific objectives of the study are as follows: (1) identify LH2 producers in the United States and Canada during 1980-1989 period; (2) compile information in expected changes in LH2 production capabilities over the 1990-2000 period; (3) describe how hydrogen is used in each consuming industry and estimate U.S. LH2 consumption for the chemicals, metals, electronics, fats and oil, and glass industries, and report data on a regional basis; (4) estimate historical and future consumption; and (5) assess the influence of international demands on U.S. plants.

Pediatric endocrine society survey of diabetes practices in the United States: What is the current state?

PubMed

Guttmann-Bauman, I; Thornton, P; Adhikari, S; Reifschneider, K; Wood, M A; Hamby, T; Rubin, K

2018-03-26

The Practice Management Committee (PMC) of the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) conducted a survey of its membership in February/March, 2016 to assess the current state of pediatric diabetes care delivery across multiple practice types in the United States. The PES distributed an anonymous electronic survey (Survey Monkey) via email to its membership and requested that only one survey be completed for each practice. Ninety-three unique entries from the US were entered into analysis. Care is predominantly delivered by multidisciplinary teams, based at academic institutions (65.6%), with >85% of the provider types being physicians. Each 1.0 full time equivalent certified diabetes educators serves on average 367 diabetic youth. Fee-for-service remains the standard method of reimbursement with 57% of practices reporting financial loss. Survey respondents identified under-reimbursement as a major barrier to improving patient outcomes and lack of behavioral health (BH) providers as a key gap in services provided. Our survey reveals wide variation in all aspects of pediatric diabetes care delivery in the United States. Pediatric Endocrinologists responding to the survey identified a lack of resources and the current fee for service payment model as a major impediment to practice and the lack of integrated BH staff as a key gap in service. The respondents strongly support its organizations' involvement in the dissemination of standards for care delivery and advocacy for a national payment model aligned with chronic diabetes care in the context of our emerging value-based healthcare system. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Is more neonatal intensive care always better? Insights from a cross-national comparison of reproductive care.

PubMed

Thompson, Lindsay A; Goodman, David C; Little, George A

2002-06-01

Despite high per capita health care expenditure, the United States has crude infant survival rates that are lower than similarly developed nations. Although differences in vital recording and socioeconomic risk have been studied, a systematic, cross-national comparison of perinatal health care systems is lacking. To characterize systems of reproductive care for the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including a detailed analysis of neonatal intensive care and mortality. Comparison of selected indicators of reproductive care and mortality from 1993-2000 through a systematic review of journal and government publications and structured interviews of leaders in perinatal and neonatal care. Compared with the other 3 countries, the United States has more neonatal intensive care resources yet provides proportionately less support for preconception and prenatal care. Unlike the United States, the other countries provided free family planning services and prenatal and perinatal physician care, and the United Kingdom and Australia paid for all contraception. The United States has high neonatal intensive care capacity, with 6.1 neonatologists per 10 000 live births; Australia, 3.7; Canada, 3.3; and the United Kingdom, 2.7. For intensive care beds, the United States has 3.3 per 10 000 live births; Australia and Canada, 2.6; and the United Kingdom, 0.67. Greater neonatal intensive care resources were not consistently associated with lower birth weight-specific mortality. The relative risk (United States as reference) of neonatal mortality for infants <1000 g was 0.84 for Australia, 1.12 for Canada, and 0.99 for the United Kingdom; for 1000 to 2499 g infants, the relative risk was 0.97 for Australia, 1.26 for Canada, and 0.95 for the United Kingdom. As reported elsewhere, low birth weight rates were notably higher in the United States, partially explaining the high crude mortality rates. The United States has significantly greater neonatal intensive care resources per capita, compared with 3 other developed countries, without having consistently better birth weight-specific mortality. Despite low birth weight rates that exceed other countries, the United States has proportionately more providers per low birth weight infant, but offers less extensive preconception and prenatal services. This study questions the effectiveness of the current distribution of US reproductive care resources and its emphasis on neonatal intensive care.

Semantic network analysis of vaccine sentiment in online social media.

PubMed

Kang, Gloria J; Ewing-Nelson, Sinclair R; Mackey, Lauren; Schlitt, James T; Marathe, Achla; Abbas, Kaja M; Swarup, Samarth

2017-06-22

To examine current vaccine sentiment on social media by constructing and analyzing semantic networks of vaccine information from highly shared websites of Twitter users in the United States; and to assist public health communication of vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy continues to contribute to suboptimal vaccination coverage in the United States, posing significant risk of disease outbreaks, yet remains poorly understood. We constructed semantic networks of vaccine information from internet articles shared by Twitter users in the United States. We analyzed resulting network topology, compared semantic differences, and identified the most salient concepts within networks expressing positive, negative, and neutral vaccine sentiment. The semantic network of positive vaccine sentiment demonstrated greater cohesiveness in discourse compared to the larger, less-connected network of negative vaccine sentiment. The positive sentiment network centered around parents and focused on communicating health risks and benefits, highlighting medical concepts such as measles, autism, HPV vaccine, vaccine-autism link, meningococcal disease, and MMR vaccine. In contrast, the negative network centered around children and focused on organizational bodies such as CDC, vaccine industry, doctors, mainstream media, pharmaceutical companies, and United States. The prevalence of negative vaccine sentiment was demonstrated through diverse messaging, framed around skepticism and distrust of government organizations that communicate scientific evidence supporting positive vaccine benefits. Semantic network analysis of vaccine sentiment in online social media can enhance understanding of the scope and variability of current attitudes and beliefs toward vaccines. Our study synthesizes quantitative and qualitative evidence from an interdisciplinary approach to better understand complex drivers of vaccine hesitancy for public health communication, to improve vaccine confidence and vaccination coverage in the United States. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Current state of high-risk infant follow-up care in the United States: results of a national survey of academic follow-up programs.

PubMed

Kuppala, V S; Tabangin, M; Haberman, B; Steichen, J; Yolton, K

2012-04-01

High-risk infant follow-up programs have the potential to act as multipurpose clinics by providing continuity of clinical care, education of health care trainees and facilitating outcome data research. Currently there are no nationally representative data on high-risk infant follow-up practices in the United States. The objective of this study is to collect information about the composition of high-risk infant follow-up programs associated with academic centers in the United States, with respect to their structure, function, funding resources and developmental assessment practices, and to identify the barriers to establishment of such programs. Staff neonatologists, follow-up program directors and division directors of 170 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) associated with pediatric residency programs were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey from October 2009 to January 2010. The overall response rate was 84%. Ninety three percent of the respondents have a follow-up program associated with their NICU. Birth weight, gestational age and critical illness in the NICU were the major criteria for follow-up care. Management of nutrition and neurodevelopmental assessments was the most common service provided. Over 70% have health care trainees in the clinic. About 75% of the respondents have the neurodevelopmental outcome data available. Most of the respondents reported multiple funding sources. Lack of personnel and funding were the most common causes for not having a follow-up program. High-risk infant follow-up programs associated with academic centers in the United States are functioning as multidisciplinary programs providing clinical care, trainee education and facilitating outcomes research.

Using Functional Data Analysis Models to Estimate Future Time Trends in Age-Specific Breast Cancer Mortality for the United States and England–Wales

PubMed Central

Erbas, Bircan; Akram, Muhammed; Gertig, Dorota M; English, Dallas; Hopper, John L.; Kavanagh, Anne M; Hyndman, Rob

2010-01-01

Background Mortality/incidence predictions are used for allocating public health resources and should accurately reflect age-related changes through time. We present a new forecasting model for estimating future trends in age-related breast cancer mortality for the United States and England–Wales. Methods We used functional data analysis techniques both to model breast cancer mortality-age relationships in the United States from 1950 through 2001 and England–Wales from 1950 through 2003 and to estimate 20-year predictions using a new forecasting method. Results In the United States, trends for women aged 45 to 54 years have continued to decline since 1980. In contrast, trends in women aged 60 to 84 years increased in the 1980s and declined in the 1990s. For England–Wales, trends for women aged 45 to 74 years slightly increased before 1980, but declined thereafter. The greatest age-related changes for both regions were during the 1990s. For both the United States and England–Wales, trends are expected to decline and then stabilize, with the greatest decline in women aged 60 to 70 years. Forecasts suggest relatively stable trends for women older than 75 years. Conclusions Prediction of age-related changes in mortality/incidence can be used for planning and targeting programs for specific age groups. Currently, these models are being extended to incorporate other variables that may influence age-related changes in mortality/incidence trends. In their current form, these models will be most useful for modeling and projecting future trends of diseases for which there has been very little advancement in treatment and minimal cohort effects (eg. lethal cancers). PMID:20139657

Microbial Source Tracking: Current and Future Molecular Tools in Microbial Water Quality Forensics

EPA Science Inventory

Current regulations in the United States stipulate that the microbial quality of waters used for consumption and recreational activities should be determined regularly by measuring microbial indicators of fecal pollution. Hence, the microbial risk associated with these waters is...

Career Development Trends and Issues in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, L. Sunny

1993-01-01

Discusses global economic, political, and social trends affecting the workplace, families, education, and gender roles. Depicts current career development programs and practices with children and young, midlife, and older adults. Presents current issues in schools, adult education, and business/industry for career development. (SK)

12 CFR 404.26 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Banking EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Demands for Testimony of Current... Bank personnel. Ex-Im Bank personnel—includes any current or former officer or employee of Ex-Im Bank... connection with the transaction of official business, including any materials classified as “Federal records...

Information Science Education in the United States: Characteristics and Curricula.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tenopir, Carol

1985-01-01

Defines information science; reviews currently available literature pertaining to information science education (directories, analytical articles, opinion papers); and discusses a study which surveys course offerings in information science to establish what currently constitutes a specialization in the field. Course descriptions in school catalogs…

USEPA'S RESEARCH EFFORTS IN SMALL DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

EPA Science Inventory

Currently, in the United States there are approximately 50,000 small community and 130,000 non-community systems providing water to over 25 million people. The drinking water treatment systems at these locations are not always adequate to comply with current and pending regulati...

Distribution and abundance of saltcedar and Russian olive in the western United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nagler, Pamela L.; Glenn, Edward P.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Shafroth, Patrick B.

2011-01-01

Over the past century, two introduced Eurasian trees, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) have become wide spread on western United States of American (U.S.) rivers. This paper reviews the literature on the following five key areas related to their distribution and abundance in the western United States: (1) the history of introduction, planting, and spread of saltcedar and Russian olive; (2) their current distribution; (3) their current abundance; (4) factors controlling their current distribution and abundance; and (5) models that have been developed to predict their future distribution and abundance. Saltcedar and Russian olive are now the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants and the second and fifth most abundant species (out of 42 native and non-native species) along rivers in the western United States. Currently there is not a precise estimate of the areas that these species occupy in the entire West. Climatic variables are important determinants of their distribution and abundance. For example, saltcedar is limited by its sensitivity to hard freezes, whereas Russian olive appears to have a chilling requirement for bud break and seed germination, and can presumably survive colder winter temperatures. Either species can be dominant, co-dominant or sub-dominant relative to native species on a given river system. A number of environmental factors such as water availability, soil salinity, degree of stream flow regulation, and fire frequency can influence the abundance of these species relative to native species. Numerous studies suggest that both species have spread on western rivers primarily through a replacement process, whereby stress-tolerant species have moved into expanded niches that are no longer suitable for mesic native pioneer species. Better maps of current distribution and rigorous monitoring of distributional changes though time can help to resolve differences in predictions of potential future spread. An adequate understanding does not yet exist of what fraction of western riparian zones is resistant to dominance by either of these species, what fraction is at risk and could benefit from intervention, and what fraction has been altered to the point that saltcedar or Russian olive are most likely to thrive.