Sample records for united states european
-
Avendano, Mauricio; Berkman, Lisa F.; Bopp, Matthias; Deboosere, Patrick; Lundberg, Olle; Martikainen, Pekka; Menvielle, Gwenn; van Lenthe, Frank J.; Mackenbach, Johan P.
2015-01-01
Objectives. This study examined to what extent the higher mortality in the United States compared to many European countries is explained by larger social disparities within the United States. We estimated the expected US mortality if educational disparities in the United States were similar to those in 7 European countries. Methods. Poisson models were used to quantify the association between education and mortality for men and women aged 30 to 74 years in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for the period 1989 to 2003. US data came from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index and the European data came from censuses linked to national mortality registries. Results. If people in the United States had the same distribution of education as their European counterparts, the US mortality disadvantage would be larger. However, if educational disparities in mortality within the United States equaled those within Europe, mortality differences between the United States and Europe would be reduced by 20% to 100%. Conclusions. Larger educational disparities in mortality in the United States than in Europe partly explain why US adults have higher mortality than their European counterparts. Policies to reduce mortality among the lower educated will be necessary to bridge the mortality gap between the United States and European countries. PMID:25713947
-
van Hedel, Karen; Avendano, Mauricio; Berkman, Lisa F; Bopp, Matthias; Deboosere, Patrick; Lundberg, Olle; Martikainen, Pekka; Menvielle, Gwenn; van Lenthe, Frank J; Mackenbach, Johan P
2015-04-01
This study examined to what extent the higher mortality in the United States compared to many European countries is explained by larger social disparities within the United States. We estimated the expected US mortality if educational disparities in the United States were similar to those in 7 European countries. Poisson models were used to quantify the association between education and mortality for men and women aged 30 to 74 years in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for the period 1989 to 2003. US data came from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index and the European data came from censuses linked to national mortality registries. If people in the United States had the same distribution of education as their European counterparts, the US mortality disadvantage would be larger. However, if educational disparities in mortality within the United States equaled those within Europe, mortality differences between the United States and Europe would be reduced by 20% to 100%. Larger educational disparities in mortality in the United States than in Europe partly explain why US adults have higher mortality than their European counterparts. Policies to reduce mortality among the lower educated will be necessary to bridge the mortality gap between the United States and European countries.
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-23
... Regulatory Cooperation Between the United States and the European Union That Would Help Eliminate or Reduce... cooperation activities between the United States and the European Union. The comment period is reopened from... cooperative regulatory activities between the United States and the European Union: Information-sharing...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-12
... transportation of property and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via... from the United States to the full extent authorized by the United States-European Union Air Transport... authorized by the Air Transport Agreement between the United States and the European Community and the Member...
-
Şahin, Toros; Yeşil, Atakan; Topcu, Türker
2013-01-01
This study compares the performances of new-molecule (NM) launches in Turkey with those in the European Union and United States for the years 2007-2013. The Thomson Reuters Newport Horizon for Innovators Database is used to identify NMs with a launch date after January 1, 2007, worldwide and marketing authorization approval after January 1, 2007, in the European Union. The launch dates for the European Union, the United States, and Turkey were retrieved from the same database. Data for Turkey were confirmed via IMS and RxMedia. Out of 183 records identified that are launched in the European Union, the United States, or both, 44 of the NMs are launched in Turkey (24%). The results of this study show that 24% of the NMs that are launched in either the European Union or United States were able to be launched in Turkey with a mean delay of 821 days (2.25 years).
-
National Perspectives on Data Protection.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yurow, Jane
1983-01-01
Discussion of different approaches to protecting personal information in Europe and the United States highlights data protection laws and agreements (international transfer of personal data, European laws, United States state and federal laws), United States and European views of privacy protection, national economic and political goals, and…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-08
... to and from the United States to the full extent authorized by the United States-European Union Air... States of America and the European Union and its Member States and Iceland and Norway. lcelandair also... the European Community, via any point(s) in any Member State(s) and via intermediate points to any...
-
van Grinsven, Hans J M; Bouwman, Lex; Cassman, Kenneth G; van Es, Harold M; McCrackin, Michelle L; Beusen, Arthur H W
2015-03-01
Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ, with emphasis on voluntary or incentive-based schemes in the United States versus a more regulatory approach in the European Union. This paper explores the implications of these differences for attaining long-term policy targets for air and water quality. Nutrient surplus problems were more severe in the European Union than in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. The EU Nitrates and National Emission Ceilings directives contributed to decreases in fertilizer use, N surplus, and ammonia (NH) emissions, whereas in the United States they stabilized, although NH emissions are still increasing. These differences were analyzed using statistical data for 1900-2005 and the global IMAGE model. IMAGE could reproduce NH emissions and soil N surpluses at different scales (European Union and United States, country and state) and N loads in the Rhine and Mississippi. The regulation-driven changes during the past 25 yr in the European Union have reduced public concerns and have brought agricultural N loads to the aquatic environment closer to US levels. Despite differences in agro-environmental policies and agricultural structure (more N-fixing soybean and more spatially separated feed and livestock production in the United States than in the European Union), current N use efficiency in US and EU crop production is similar. IMAGE projections for the IAASTD-baseline scenario indicate that N loading to the environment in 2050 will be similar to current levels. In the United States, environmental N loads will remain substantially smaller than in the European Union, whereas agricultural production in 2050 in the United States will increase by 30% relative to 2005, as compared with an increase of 8% in the European Union. However, in the United States, even rigorous mitigation with maximum recycling of manure N and a 25% reduction in fertilizer use will not achieve the policy target to halve the N export to the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
-
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chandler, B.; Golaszewski, R.; Patten, C.; Rudman, B.; Scott, R.
1980-01-01
Data on the levels of government financial support for civil aircraft airframe and engine (CAAE) research and technology (R&T) in the United States and Europe (United Kingdom, West Germany, France and The Netherlands) and means of comparing these levels are provided. Data are presented for the years 1974-1977. European R&T expenditure data were obtained through visits to each of the four European countries, to the Washington office of the European Communities, and by a search of applicable literature. CAAE R&T expenditure data for the United States were obtained from NASA and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-23
... full extent authorized by the United States-European Union Air Transportation Agreement (``U.S.-E.U... persons, property, cargo and mail from any point(s) behind any Member State(s) of the European Community... mail between any point(s) in the United States and any point(s) in any member of the European Common...
-
2013-06-01
the former Allies of the Second World War, several European countries, the United States of America , and Canada came together to provide for their...European countries, the United States of America , and Canada came together to provide for their security and in 1949 formed a unique security alliance, the ...European countries, the United States of America (U.S.), and Canada came together to provide for their
-
Song, Qing-Kun; Li, Jing; Huang, Rong; Fan, Jin-Hu; Zheng, Rong-Shou; Zhang, Bao-Ning; Zhang, Bin; Tang, Zhong-Hua; Xie, Xiao-Ming; Yang, Hong-Jian; He, Jian-Jun; Li, Hui; Li, Jia-Yuan; Qiao, You-Lin; Chen, Wan-Qing
2014-01-01
The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinese females for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screening target population in China. Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted from the National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardized distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population 2000. The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier than United States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendar year, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. The median diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the European Union pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier age for Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-27
.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 1. Background On November 3, 2009, the United States and the European Union (EU... and the European Union could have the most impact, keeping in mind that the work of the TATFAR will be.... Department of Health and Human Services for the United States and from the European Commission, European...
-
Five Models for European Security: Implications for the United States
1992-01-01
tripolar concept of security. It is the product of Europeans’ search for a third way between the United States and the former Soviet Union-in part to...distinguish the five systems from each other are reasonably clear (ad hoc, bipolar, tripolar , multi-polar collective, and overlapping), there is room...based on a tripolar concept of security. It is the product of Europeans’ search for a third way between the United States and the former Soviet Union-in
-
Callejón, Raquel M; Rodríguez-Naranjo, M Isabel; Ubeda, Cristina; Hornedo-Ortega, Ruth; Garcia-Parrilla, M Carmen; Troncoso, Ana M
2015-01-01
The consumption of fruit and vegetables continues to rise in the United States and European Union due to healthy lifestyle recommendations. Meanwhile, the rate of foodborne illness caused by the consumption of these products remains high in both regions, representing a significant public health and financial issue. This study addresses the occurrence of reported foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables consumption in the United States and European Union during the period 2004-2012, where data are available. Special attention is paid to those pathogens responsible for these outbreaks, the mechanisms of contamination, and the fresh produce vehicles involved. Norovirus is shown to be responsible for most of the produce-related outbreaks, followed by Salmonella. Norovirus is mainly linked with the consumption of salad in the United States and of berries in the European Union, as demonstrated by the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Salmonella was the leading cause of multistate produce outbreaks in the United States and was the pathogen involved in the majority of sprouts-associated outbreaks. As is reflected in the MCA, the pattern of fresh produce outbreaks differed in the United States and European Union by the type of microorganism and the food vehicle involved.
-
The European influence on workers' compensation reform in the United States
2011-01-01
Workers' compensation law in the United States is derived from European models of social insurance introduced in Germany and in England. These two concepts of workers' compensation are found today in the federal and state workers' compensation programs in the United States. All reform proposals in the United States are influenced by the European experience with workers' compensation. In 2006, a reform proposal termed the Public Health Model was made that would abolish the workers' compensation system, and in its place adopt a national disability insurance system for all injuries and illnesses. In the public health model, health and safety professionals would work primarily in public health agencies. The public health model eliminates the physician from any role other than that of privately consulting with the patient and offering advice solely to the patient. The Public Health Model is strongly influenced by the European success with physician consultation with industry and labor. PMID:22151643
-
Pinto, M Alice; Rubink, William L; Patton, John C; Coulson, Robert N; Johnston, J Spencer
2005-08-01
The expansion of Africanized honeybees from South America to the southwestern United States in <50 years is considered one of the most spectacular biological invasions yet documented. In the American tropics, it has been shown that during their expansion Africanized honeybees have low levels of introgressed alleles from resident European populations. In the United States, it has been speculated, but not shown, that Africanized honeybees would hybridize extensively with European honeybees. Here we report a continuous 11-year study investigating temporal changes in the genetic structure of a feral population from the southern United States undergoing Africanization. Our microsatellite data showed that (1) the process of Africanization involved both maternal and paternal bidirectional gene flow between European and Africanized honeybees and (2) the panmitic European population was replaced by panmitic mixtures of A. m. scutellata and European genes within 5 years after Africanization. The post-Africanization gene pool (1998-2001) was composed of a diverse array of recombinant classes with a substantial European genetic contribution (mean 25-37%). Therefore, the resulting feral honeybee population of south Texas was best viewed as a hybrid swarm.
-
Medical Device Regulation: A Comparison of the United States and the European Union.
Maak, Travis G; Wylie, James D
2016-08-01
Medical device regulation is a controversial topic in both the United States and the European Union. Many physicians and innovators in the United States cite a restrictive US FDA regulatory process as the reason for earlier and more rapid clinical advances in Europe. The FDA approval process mandates that a device be proved efficacious compared with a control or be substantially equivalent to a predicate device, whereas the European Union approval process mandates that the device perform its intended function. Stringent, peer-reviewed safety data have not been reported. However, after recent high-profile device failures, political pressure in both the United States and the European Union has favored more restrictive approval processes. Substantial reforms of the European Union process within the next 5 to 10 years will result in a more stringent approach to device regulation, similar to that of the FDA. Changes in the FDA regulatory process have been suggested but are not imminent.
-
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hoffmann, Leif Soren Birger Per Ove Holm
In my dissertation I argue that because the European Union and the United States of America have been largely treated as unique or at least special cases, both the literature on American-state building and that on European market integration have missed how close comparison alters both our descriptive views and social-scientific explanations of the shape of each polity. In particular, scholars have not sufficiently recognized that the European Union has gone further than the United States in many elements of the creation of a centralized, liberalized single market, nor have they produced explanations that account well for this development. This study challenges the dominant assumption that the United States is generally more hierarchical and centralized than the European Union and more of a single free market in the sense of fewer allowable trade barriers. By analyzing the rules of market integration in services (over 70% of GDP), public procurement (15 -- 20% GDP) and the regulated goods markets (goods like elevators with their own regulatory regimes), I demonstrate that in all these major cases the European Union has adopted rules that open exchange to competition more than the United States. While the actual integration of flows on the ground is still generally less across European states than American ones, the political rules are more - and more liberally - integrated in Europe. I offer an institutional and ideational argument to explain these differences, with two main parts. First, there is no American parallel to the institution of the European Commission, which is mandated to continually push liberalization forward. My research shows that Commission leadership has been critical to each of the examined cases. Second, broader norms of legitimate governance favor centralized authority - including liberalizing central authority - more in the European Union than in the United States. Despite all the criticism we hear of the European Union, the basic notion of federal governance of market integration is far more strongly accepted across Europe at both elite and mass levels than in the United States. As interview evidence in this study displays, many Americans consistently object to any role for the federal government.
-
A Comparison of Agriculture in the United States and the European Community.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newman, Mark; And Others
It is difficult to compare the United States and European Community (EC) agricultural sectors for several reasons. For one thing, the European community is an economic association of 12 independent nations, each of which has its own national methods of data collection and statistical presentation. The problem of comparing the two sectors is…
-
Mark H. Eisenbies; Christopher Davidson; James Johnson; Ralph Amateis; Kurt Gottschalk
2007-01-01
Defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and subsequent tree mortality have been well documented in the northeastern United States. In this study we evaluate tree mortality after initial defoliation in mixed pine?hardwood stands in the southeastern United States as the range of European gypsy moth expands.
-
van Hedel, Karen; Mejía-Guevara, Iván; Avendaño, Mauricio; Sabbath, Erika L.; Berkman, Lisa F.; Mackenbach, Johan P.
2016-01-01
Objectives. To investigate whether less-healthy work–family life histories contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease prevalence in older American compared with European women. Methods. We used sequence analysis to identify distinct work–family typologies for women born between 1935 and 1956 in the United States and 13 European countries. Data came from the US Health and Retirement Study (1992–2006) and the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (2004–2009). Results. Work–family typologies were similarly distributed in the United States and Europe. Being a lone working mother predicted a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and smoking among American women, and smoking for European women. Lone working motherhood was more common and had a marginally stronger association with stroke in the United States than in Europe. Simulations indicated that the higher stroke risk among American women would only be marginally reduced if American women had experienced the same work–family trajectories as European women. Conclusions. Combining work and lone motherhood was more common in the United States, but differences in work–family trajectories explained only a small fraction of the higher cardiovascular risk of American relative to European women. PMID:27310346
-
van Hedel, Karen; Mejía-Guevara, Iván; Avendaño, Mauricio; Sabbath, Erika L; Berkman, Lisa F; Mackenbach, Johan P; van Lenthe, Frank J
2016-08-01
To investigate whether less-healthy work-family life histories contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease prevalence in older American compared with European women. We used sequence analysis to identify distinct work-family typologies for women born between 1935 and 1956 in the United States and 13 European countries. Data came from the US Health and Retirement Study (1992-2006) and the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (2004-2009). Work-family typologies were similarly distributed in the United States and Europe. Being a lone working mother predicted a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and smoking among American women, and smoking for European women. Lone working motherhood was more common and had a marginally stronger association with stroke in the United States than in Europe. Simulations indicated that the higher stroke risk among American women would only be marginally reduced if American women had experienced the same work-family trajectories as European women. Combining work and lone motherhood was more common in the United States, but differences in work-family trajectories explained only a small fraction of the higher cardiovascular risk of American relative to European women.
-
1992-09-01
UNITED STATES MOTOR CARRIER INDUSTRY AS A GUIDE THESIS David W. Butler Andrew P. Wilhelm Captain, USAF Captain, USAF AFIT/GLM/LSM/92S-7 Approved for...UNITED STATES MOTOR CARRIER INDUSTRY AS A GUIDE THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the School of Systems and Logistics of the Air Force Institute of...THE EUROPEAN TRUCKING INDUSTRY AND LOGISTICS STRATEGIES USING THE UNITED STATES MOTOR CARRIER INDUSTRY AS A GUIDE I. Introduction General Issue The
-
Janna C. Lee; Ingrid Aguayo; Ray Aslin; Gail Durham; Shakeeb M. Hamud; Beruce D. Moltzan; A. Steve Munson; Jose F. Negron; Travis Peterson; Iral R. Ragenovich; Jeffrey J. Witcosky; Steven J. Seybold
2009-01-01
The invasive European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), was detected in Massachusetts a century ago, and it now occurs throughout the continental United States and southern Canada. The Asian banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, was discovered in the United States in 2003, and now occurs in 28 states...
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hand, Maureen
This presentation provides a summary of IEA Wind Task 26 report on Wind Technology, Cost, and Performance Trends in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, the European Union, and the United States: 2007-2012
-
Reversals of national fortune, and social science methodologies.
Diamond, Jared
2014-12-16
Among non-European regions colonized by Europeans, regions that were relatively richer five centuries ago (like Mexico, Peru, and India) tend to be poorer today, while regions that originally were relatively poorer (like the United States, Chile, and Australia) tend now to be richer. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (abbreviated AJR) established the generality of this reversal of fortune. Chanda, Cook, and Putterman (abbreviated CCP) have now reanalyzed it, taking as a unit of analysis populations rather than geographic regions. That is, India's population was Indian 500 y ago and is still overwhelmingly Indian today, whereas the United States' population was Native American 500 years ago but is overwhelmingly Old World (especially European) today. Reversals of fortune disappeared when CCP analyzed populations rather than geographic regions: for instance, the geographic region of the modern United States has become relatively richer since AD 1500, but the predominantly European population now occupying the United States was already relatively rich in AD 1500. Evidently, European colonists carried ingredients of wealth with them. I discuss the biological and cultural baggage transported by European immigrants and associated with wealth. Among that baggage, AJR emphasize institutions, CCP emphasize social capital, and I identify many different elements only loosely coupled to each other. This paper discusses the problem, especially acute in the social sciences, of "operationalizing" intuitive concepts (such as mass, temperature, wealth, and innovation) so that they can be measured. Basic concepts tend to be harder to define, operationalize, and measure in the social sciences than in the laboratory sciences.
-
2016-04-01
Congressional Committees April 2016 GAO-16-368 United States Government Accountability Office United States Government Accountability ...Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund DOD Department of Defense ERI European Reassurance Initiative FMF Foreign Military Financing IED Improvised...increased with the creation of two funding transfer accounts : the Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTPF) and European Reassurance Initiative
-
Christopher B. Davidson; Kurt W. Gottschalk; James E. Johnson
1999-01-01
This review presents information related to defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and subsequent tree mortality in the eastern United States. The literature describing defoliation-induced tree mortality is extensive, yet questions still remain concerning (1) the association between initial stand composition and subsequent tree...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-30
... the Air Transport Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, and the United States: (i) From any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point or... the European Common Aviation Area; and (iii) other charter. Docket Number: DOT-OST-2007-26980. Date...
-
Reversals of national fortune, and social science methodologies
Diamond, Jared
2014-01-01
Among non-European regions colonized by Europeans, regions that were relatively richer five centuries ago (like Mexico, Peru, and India) tend to be poorer today, while regions that originally were relatively poorer (like the United States, Chile, and Australia) tend now to be richer. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (abbreviated AJR) established the generality of this reversal of fortune. Chanda, Cook, and Putterman (abbreviated CCP) have now reanalyzed it, taking as a unit of analysis populations rather than geographic regions. That is, India's population was Indian 500 y ago and is still overwhelmingly Indian today, whereas the United States' population was Native American 500 years ago but is overwhelmingly Old World (especially European) today. Reversals of fortune disappeared when CCP analyzed populations rather than geographic regions: for instance, the geographic region of the modern United States has become relatively richer since AD 1500, but the predominantly European population now occupying the United States was already relatively rich in AD 1500. Evidently, European colonists carried ingredients of wealth with them. I discuss the biological and cultural baggage transported by European immigrants and associated with wealth. Among that baggage, AJR emphasize institutions, CCP emphasize social capital, and I identify many different elements only loosely coupled to each other. This paper discusses the problem, especially acute in the social sciences, of “operationalizing” intuitive concepts (such as mass, temperature, wealth, and innovation) so that they can be measured. Basic concepts tend to be harder to define, operationalize, and measure in the social sciences than in the laboratory sciences. PMID:25385597
-
THE EUROPEAN SOVIET BLOC AND THE WEST AS MARKETS FOR PRIMARY PRODUCTS,
size, the growth, and the stability of the market . The performance of the European Soviet Bloc and of the Eastern European countries is compared with...that of seven leading Western countries (the United States, United Kingdom, and the Common Market countries), and that of the Common Market countries
-
United States European Command
service members from 13 nations gathered in 7th Army Training Command's Hohenfels Training Area in NATO nations. Units will conduct training alongside our NATO allies to strengthen interoperability and Eastern European NATO nations. Units will conduct training alongside our NATO allies to strengthen
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nyhan, Barry, Ed.; Attwell, Graham, Ed.; Deitmer, Ludger, Ed.
This book provides an overview of innovative education practices throughout regions in the United States (US) and Europe. It contains 16 papers written by experts from the educational, economic, and regional development fields in the US and the European Union (EU). Introductory materials are: a foreword (David O'Sullivan); preface (Stavros…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Masuda, Akihiko; Le, Jane; Cohen, Lindsey L.
2014-01-01
The present study investigated whether different forms of disordered-eating-related cognitions and psychological flexibility were associated with psychological distress among female Asian American and European American college students in the United States. Disordered-eating-related cognitions examined in the present study included thoughts (a)…
-
Toby R. Petrice; Robert A. Haack
2014-01-01
In 2010-2011, we studied the European oak borer (EOB), Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Michigan, United States of America, and made comparisons with the native twolined chestnut borer (TLCB), Agrilus bilineatus (Weber). EOB adult flight began and peaked before TLCB. More EOB females were captured on...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-09
... authorized by the Air Transport Agreement Between the United States and the European Community and the Member states of the European Community to enable it to engage in: (i) Foreign charter air transportation of persons and property from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-23
... authorized by the Air Transport Agreement between the United States and the European Community and the Member States of the European Community to engage it to engage in: (i) Foreign charter air transportation of persons and property from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-19
... authorized by the United States-European Union Air Transport Agreement (``U.S.-E.U. Agreement''), including... from any point(s) behind any Member State(s) of the European Community, via any point(s) in any Member... and any point(s) in any member of the European Common Aviation Area; (iii) other charters pursuant to...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-08
... foreign air transportation of persons, property and mail between a point or points in the European Community and the Member States of the European Union, and a point or points in the United States, to the... community and the Member States of the European Union. Docket Number: DOT-OST-2010-0150. Date Filed: June 9...
-
76 FR 21418 - Office of the Secretary
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-15
... any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point or points in any... route rights that may be made available to European Union carriers in the future. PrivaJet also requests... authorized by the Air Transport Agreement between the United States and the European Community and the Member...
-
Glymour, M. Maria; Banks, James; Mackenbach, Johan P.
2009-01-01
Objectives. We compared the health of older US, English, and other European adults, stratified by wealth. Methods. Representative samples of adults aged 50 to 74 years were interviewed in 2004 in 10 European countries (n = 17 481), England (n = 6527), and the United States (n = 9940). We calculated prevalence rates of 6 chronic diseases and functional limitations. Results. American adults reported worse health than did English or European adults. Eighteen percent of Americans reported heart disease, compared with 12% of English and 11% of Europeans. At all wealth levels, Americans were less healthy than were Europeans, but differences were more marked among the poor. Health disparities by wealth were significantly smaller in Europe than in the United States and England. Odds ratios of heart disease in a comparison of the top and bottom wealth tertiles were 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69, 2.24) in the United States, 2.13 (95% CI = 1.73, 2.62) in England, and 1.38 (95% CI = 1.23, 1.56) in Europe. Smoking, obesity, physical activity levels, and alcohol consumption explained a fraction of health variations. Conclusions. American adults are less healthy than Europeans at all wealth levels. The poorest Americans experience the greatest disadvantage relative to Europeans. PMID:19150903
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Erichsen, Elizabeth Roumell; Salajan, Florin D.
2014-01-01
This study developed a framework that compares the content and purposes of "federal" level European Union (EU) and United States (US) e-learning policy to ascertain trends, patterns, and points of convergence and divergence across the years 1994-2010. It reveals that the EU and US are applying similar rhetoric for policy framing,…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-16
... foreign air transportation to the full extent permitted by the United States-European Union Air Transport...; and (d) transportation authorized by any additional route rights made available to European Union... transportation of persons, property, and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Markowitsch, Jorg; Kollinger, Iris; Warmerdam, John; Moerel, Hans; Konrad, John; Burell, Catherine; Guile, David
A comparative analysis of human resources development and management in the subsidiaries of three multinational companies (Xerox, Glaxo Wellcome, and AXA Nordstern Colonia) was conducted in these three European Union (EU) member states: Austria, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Case studies were used, focusing on competence needs and…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wu, Robert T. Y.
Theories influencing the development of trends in career and technical education (CTE) in Europe, the United States, and the Republic of China (Taiwan)were examined. The analysis established that, when determining the goals of CTE and areas of focus of efforts to improve CTE curricula and delivery, European countries focus on theories related to…
-
Why Has the Health-Promoting Prison Concept Failed to Translate to the United States?
Woodall, James
2018-05-01
Two decades since the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe published a report on health promotion in prison that stimulated further debate on the concept of the "health-promoting prison," this article discusses the extent to which the concept has translated to the United States. One predicted indicator of success for the health-promoting prison movement was the expansion of activity beyond European borders; yet 2 decades since the European model was put forward, there has been very limited activity in the United States. This "Critical Issues and Trends" article suggests reasons why this translation has failed to occur.
-
The United Nations Human Rights Council: Issues for Congress
2008-07-31
members from African states; 12 from Asian states; five from Eastern European states; 11 from Latin America and Caribbean states; and 10 from Western...states; 13 from Asian states; six from Eastern Europe states; eight from Latin America and the Caribbean states; and seven from Western European and...available); Bolivia and Nicaragua in the Latin American and Caribbean group (two seats available); and Denmark, Italy and the Netherlands in the
-
Workforce Issues of the 21st Century: The People CMM to the Rescue
2008-07-01
skilled, and adaptable workforce United States, European Union, Mexico, South Africa, China… Work - life balance United States, European Union, China...direction Seek work / life balance Generation Y 1980 - 2000 Prefer informality Learn quickly Embrace diversity Requires supervision Indirect...communication: email & texting Seek “demand” work / life balance Source: Hammill 2005 Traditionalist 1928-1945 Hard worker Respects authority Work is an
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
GORDON, MARGARET S.
WITH THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT OF 1962 THE UNITED STATES EMBARKED ON A TYPE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAM THAT HAS EXISTED IN WESTERN EUROPEAN NATIONS SINCE WORLD WAR 2. IN ALL THE EUROPEAN NATIONS STUDIED, RETRAINING PROGRAMS ARE A PERMANENT INSTRUMENT OF LABOR MARKET POLICY, AS USEFUL IN TIGHT LABOR MARKETS AS IN PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT.…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-12
... transportation of persons and property from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via... point or points in the United States and any point or points in any member of the European Common... available to European Community carries in the future. Barbara J. Hairston, Acting Program Manager, Docket...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-17
... from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union, via any point or points in any... route rights made available to European Union carriers in the future, to the extent permitted by the... the United States and any point or points in any member of the European Common Aviation Area; (iii...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-12
... and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point or... point or points in the United States and any point or points in any member of the European Common... European Community carriers in the future. XL Airways France further requests issuance of a foreign air...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-30
... European Union via any point or points in any Member State and via intermediate points to any point or... by the Air Transport Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, and the United... point or points in any member of the European Common Aviation Area, including Norway; and (ii) other...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-20
..., property, and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union, via any point or... any additional route rights made available to European Union carriers in the future, to the extent... or points in the United States and any point or points in any member of the European Common Aviation...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-08
... from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union, via any point or points in any... route rights made available to European Union carriers in the future, to the extent permitted by FAI's... the United States and any point or points in any member of the European Common Aviation Area; (iii...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-26
... persons, property, and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union, via... rights made available to European Union carriers in the future, to the extent permitted by Elit'Avia's... any point or points in the United States and any point orpoints in any member of the European Common...
-
Song, Qingkun; Christiani, David C.; Wang, Xiaorong; Ren, Jun
2014-01-01
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quantitative effects of outdoor air pollution, represented by 10 µg/m3 increment of PM10, on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China, United States and European Union through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Publications in English and Chinese from PubMed and EMBASE were selected. The Cochrane Review Handbook of Generic Inverse Variance was used to synthesize the pooled effects on incidence, prevalence, mortality and hospital admission. Results: Outdoor air pollution contributed to higher incidence and prevalence of COPD. Short-term exposure was associated with COPD mortality increased by 6%, 1% and 1% in the European Union, the United States and China, respectively (p < 0.05). Chronic PM exposure produced a 10% increase in mortality. In a short-term exposure to 10 µg/m3 PM10 increment COPD mortality was elevated by 1% in China (p < 0.05) and hospital admission enrollment was increased by 1% in China, 2% in United States and 1% in European Union (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Outdoor air pollution contributes to the increasing burdens of COPD.10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 produced significant condition of COPD death and exacerbation in China, United States and European Union. Controlling air pollution will have substantial benefit to COPD morbidity and mortality. PMID:25405599
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1994-09-01
The transportation policies being pursued by the European Community are very similar to those articulated in the United States' Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. In September 1993, a team of four government and state transport...
-
Cesar Chavez--Grade Five Model Curriculum and Resources.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.
In this California state curriculum model for grade 5, "United States History and Geography: A New Nation," students study the historical developments leading to the discovery and colonization of North America by European countries and the ensuing interactions between Native Americans, Europeans, and enslaved Americans. The curriculum…
-
Report on the 1990 European Asphalt Study Tour
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1991-06-01
In mid-September 1990, a team of pavement specialists from the United States participated in a 2-week study tour of six European nations. The tour, designated the European Asphalt Study Tour (EAST), was arranged through the efforts of the National As...
-
The rise of biosimilars: How they got here and where they are going.
Patel, Dhiren; Gillis, Colin; Naggar, Joseph; Mistry, Amee; Mantzoros, Christos S
2017-10-01
Biosimilars have become a subject of great interest in the past few years. The European Union and the United States are seeing an increasing number of biosimilar applications and approvals. The development of a biosimilar is significantly more complex and costly than a small molecule generic product. In the European Union, there has been a wider use of these medications compared to the United States. More biosimilars are gaining approval in the United States, and these products will likely alter the healthcare system in highly impactful ways. Understanding the regulatory process, the risks, and benefits will enable clinicians to be prepared and maximize the utility of these medications when they enter the market. This article introduces the concept of a biosimilar, discusses the regulatory process in the United States, and reviews the risks and benefits of these products. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
Rudenko, Nataliia; Golovchenko, Maryna; Hönig, Václav; Mallátová, Nadja; Krbková, Lenka; Mikulásek, Peter; Fedorova, Natalia; Belfiore, Natalia M; Grubhoffer, Libor; Lane, Robert S; Oliver, James H
2013-03-01
Comparative analysis of ospC genes from 127 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains collected in European and North American regions where Lyme disease is endemic and where it is not endemic revealed a close relatedness of geographically distinct populations. ospC alleles A, B, and L were detected on both continents in vectors and hosts, including humans. Six ospC alleles, A, B, L, Q, R, and V, were prevalent in Europe; 4 of them were detected in samples of human origin. Ten ospC alleles, A, B, D, E3, F, G, H, H3, I3, and M, were identified in the far-western United States. Four ospC alleles, B, G, H, and L, were abundant in the southeastern United States. Here we present the first expanded analysis of ospC alleles of B. burgdorferi strains from the southeastern United States with respect to their relatedness to strains from other North American and European localities. We demonstrate that ospC genotypes commonly associated with human Lyme disease in European and North American regions where the disease is endemic were detected in B. burgdorferi strains isolated from the non-human-biting tick Ixodes affinis and rodent hosts in the southeastern United States. We discovered that some ospC alleles previously known only from Europe are widely distributed in the southeastern United States, a finding that confirms the hypothesis of transoceanic migration of Borrelia species.
-
Manski, Richard; Moeller, John; Chen, Haiyan; Widström, Eeva; Listl, Stefan
2015-01-01
Background The current study addresses the extent to which diversity in dental attendance across population subgroups exists within and between the United States and selected European countries. Method The analyses relied on 2006/2007 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and 2004–2006 data from of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States for respondents aged 51 years and older. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify impacts of dental care coverage and oral as well as general health status on dental care use. Results We were unable to discern significant differences in dental attendance across population subgroups in countries with and without social health insurance, between the USA and European countries, and between European countries classified by social welfare regime. Patterns of diverse dental use were found, but they did not appear predominately in countries classified by welfare state regime or by presence or absence of social health insurance. Conclusions Findings of this study suggest that income and education have stronger and more persistent correlation with dental use than the correlation between dental insurance and dental use across European countries. We conclude that (1) higher overall rates of coverage in most European countries, compared to relatively lower rates in the USA, contribute to this finding and that (2) policies targeted to improving the income of older persons and their awareness of the importance of oral health care in both Europe and the USA can contribute to improving the use of dental services. PMID:26465093
-
The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L.
2015-01-01
Over the past 500 years, North America has been the site of ongoing mixing of Native Americans, European settlers, and Africans (brought largely by the trans-Atlantic slave trade), shaping the early history of what became the United States. We studied the genetic ancestry of 5,269 self-described African Americans, 8,663 Latinos, and 148,789 European Americans who are 23andMe customers and show that the legacy of these historical interactions is visible in the genetic ancestry of present-day Americans. We document pervasive mixed ancestry and asymmetrical male and female ancestry contributions in all groups studied. We show that regional ancestry differences reflect historical events, such as early Spanish colonization, waves of immigration from many regions of Europe, and forced relocation of Native Americans within the US. This study sheds light on the fine-scale differences in ancestry within and across the United States and informs our understanding of the relationship between racial and ethnic identities and genetic ancestry. PMID:25529636
-
Nuclear medicine technologist training in European countries.
Lass, Piotr
2002-08-01
This article overviews the training of nuclear medicine technologists in chosen European countries, the United States and Canada. There are basically two types of training: at medical schools following secondary school, without any university degree, usually on a 2- or 3-year basis, or else as a university course, leading to a BSc degree after 3 years, and in some countries to an MSc degree after an additional 2 years. In the United States both systems coexist, while in Europe the picture varies from country to country. The number of hours devoted to nuclear medicine also varies between curricula. Some efforts are being made to unify this system by transition to the university model of education in many European countries.
-
Cote, Linda R.; Kwak, Keumjoo; Putnick, Diane L.; Chung, Hyun Jin; Bornstein, Marc H.
2016-01-01
A three-culture comparison – native South Korean, Korean immigrants to the United States, and native European American mothers – of two types of parenting cognitions – attributions and self-perceptions – was undertaken to explore cultural contributions to parenting cognitions and their adaptability among immigrant mothers. Attributions and self-perceptions of parenting were chosen because they influence parenting behavior and children’s development and vary cross-culturally. One hundred seventy-nine mothers of 20-month-old children participated: 73 South Korean, 50 Korean immigrant, and 56 European American. Korean mothers differed from European American mothers on four of the five types of attributions studied and on all four self-perceptions of parenting, and these differences were largely consistent with the distinct cultural values of South Korea and the United States. Generally, Korean immigrant mothers’ attributions for parenting more closely resembled those of mothers in the United States, whereas their self-perceptions of parenting more closely resembled those of mothers in South Korea. This study provides insight into similarities and differences in cultural models of parenting, and information about the acculturation of parenting cognitions among immigrants from South Korea. PMID:26912926
-
The European Court of Human Rights: Implications for United States National Security
2014-02-04
PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) United States Naval War College 686 Cushing Road...legal authority; (e) the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases , of persons of unsound mind
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brophy, Jere; And Others
Prior to a curriculum unit on European exploration of the New World, a class of fifth grade U.S. history students stated what they knew (or thought was true) about the discovery of America and what they wanted to learn about it. After the unit, they reported what they had learned about the general topic of European exploration of North America. In…
-
United States European Command
content on the U.S. European Command website may be translated by selecting a different language on the header. Except where otherwise noted, the language translation is performed by Google Translate, a third
-
United States state-level population estimates: Colonization to 1999
David P. Coulson; Linda Joyce
2003-01-01
The U.S. landscape has undergone substantial changes since Europeans first arrived. Many land use changes are attributable to human activity. Historical data concerning these changes are frequently limited and often difficult to develop. Modeling historical land use changes may be neccessary. We develop annual population series from first European settlement to 1999...
-
2012-06-08
His Majesty The King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Resolved: To reaffirm their faith in fundamental human ...intellectual ferment, global exploration , scientific and technological advances—not to mention economic and political revolutions—European states have
-
76 FR 33703 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-09
...) administers the U.S.-European Union (EU) and U.S.- Swiss Safe Harbor Frameworks (Frameworks). These Frameworks allow U.S. companies to meet the requirements of the European Union's Data Protection Directive and the...: International Trade Administration. Title: Survey of Participating Companies in the United States- European...
-
The European Engineer: A British Civil Engineering Viewpoint.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fleming, George
1988-01-01
Confronts the problems of defining the European Engineer in terms of educational and practical training. Analyzes the supply and demand requirements of engineering management and practice. Compares these analyses with conditions in the United States. Gives details of the educational process in a number of European countries. (CW)
-
The goals of this case study were to estimate the European green crab’s current and historical impacts on ecosystem services on the East Coast of the United States and to estimate the European green crab’s current and potential future impacts from invasion
-
Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora from European Beech
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Phytophthora cactorum and P. citricola cause bleeding cankers on European beech trees in the northeastern United States. Inoculation experiments were conducted to compare the aggressiveness of P. cactorum and P. citricola isolates on stems, leaf disks, and roots of European beech and common lilac s...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-17
... transportation of persons, property and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union via any point or points in any Member State and via intermediate points to any point or points in... between any point or points in the United States and any point or points in any member of the European...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-31
... transportation of persons, property and mail from any point or points behind any Member State of the European Union, via any point or points in any Member State and via intermediate points to any point or points in... between any point or points in the United States and any point or points in any member of the European...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-14
... points behind the European Union, via any point or points in the European Union and intermediate points... under the U.S.-European Union agreements, as amended. Docket Number: DOT-OST-2012-0212. Date Filed... European Common Aviation Area and any point or points in the United States; (c) pursuant to the prior...
-
Huys, Isabelle; Van Overwalle, Geertrui; Matthijs, Gert
2011-01-01
The paper focuses on the fundamental debate that is going on in Europe and the United States about whether genes and genetic diagnostic methods are to be regarded as inventions or subject matter eligible for patent protection, or whether they are discoveries or principles of nature and thus excluded from patentability. The study further explores some possible scenarios of American influences on European patent applications with respect to genetic diagnostic methods. Our analysis points out that patent eligibility for genes and genetic diagnostic methods, as discussed in the United States in the Association of Molecular Pathology versus US Patent and Trademark Office decision, is based on a different reasoning compared with the European Patent Convention. PMID:21654725
-
Huys, Isabelle; Van Overwalle, Geertrui; Matthijs, Gert
2011-10-01
The paper focuses on the fundamental debate that is going on in Europe and the United States about whether genes and genetic diagnostic methods are to be regarded as inventions or subject matter eligible for patent protection, or whether they are discoveries or principles of nature and thus excluded from patentability. The study further explores some possible scenarios of American influences on European patent applications with respect to genetic diagnostic methods. Our analysis points out that patent eligibility for genes and genetic diagnostic methods, as discussed in the United States in the Association of Molecular Pathology versus US Patent and Trademark Office decision, is based on a different reasoning compared with the European Patent Convention.
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-12
... Request; Information for Self-Certification Under FAQ 6 of the United States--European Union Safe Harbor.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Abstract In response to the European Union Directive on Data Protection that... framework bridges the differences between the European Union (EU) and U.S. approaches to privacy protection...
-
An analysis of European demand for oak lumber
William G. Luppold
1984-01-01
Exports of oak lumber from the United States to the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France were analyzed using ordinary least squares estimation procedures. The analyses indicated that the large increases in European demand for U.S. oak during the 1970's were caused by a combination of the dollar's depreciation against currencies of major European...
-
Complying with US and European complaint handling requirements.
Donawa, M E
1997-09-01
The importance of customer complaints for providing valuable information on the use of medical devices is clearly reflected in United States (US) and European quality system requirements for handling complaints. However, there are significant differences in US and European complaint handling requirements. This article will discuss those differences and methods for ensuring compliance.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Roper, Steven D.
2007-01-01
This article explores the European-wide educational reform known as the Bologna Process in order to provide an understanding of the methodology that will be used by European countries to assess course credit hours as well as degree programs. The Bologna Process is culmination of years of educational reform within the European Union (EU) and more…
-
Abuhasira, Ran; Shbiro, Liat; Landschaft, Yuval
2018-03-01
In 1937, the United States of America criminalized the use of cannabis and as a result its use decreased rapidly. In recent decades, there is a growing interest in the wide range of medical uses of cannabis and its constituents; however, the laws and regulations are substantially different between countries. Laws differentiate between raw herbal cannabis, cannabis extracts, and cannabinoid-based medicines. Both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do not approve the use of herbal cannabis or its extracts. The FDA approved several cannabinoid-based medicines, so did 23 European countries and Canada. However, only four of the reviewed countries have fully authorized the medical use of herbal cannabis - Canada, Germany, Israel and the Netherlands, together with more than 50% of the states in the United States. Most of the regulators allow the physicians to decide what specific indications they will prescribe cannabis for, but some regulators dictate only specific indications. The aim of this article is to review the current (as of November 2017) regulations of medical cannabis use in Europe and North America. Copyright © 2018 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
International News in United States Media: Myths, Stereotypes and Realities.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lent, John A.
Research conducted during the past 20 years reveals that, except for the "New York Times,""Christian Science Monitor," and "Wall Street Journal," United States daily newspapers are not known for outstanding international news coverage; that European, English, Canadian, Latin American, and Asian newspapers use…
-
Pasture plants of the Northeastern United States
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Temperate humid grazing lands are an important component of the landscape of the northeastern Unites States, as well as of the economy of this region, yet unlike their European counterparts, little is known about their basic ecology. During an eight-year survey of 44 farms across the northeastern Un...
-
The History and Growth of Vocational Education in America.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gordon, Howard R. D.
This book traces the history and growth of vocational education (VE) in the United States. The following are among the topics discussed in the book's nine chapters: early beginnings of VE in the United States (European influence, apprenticeship, industrial revolution, manual training movement); leaders influencing vocational curriculum development…
-
The European Union’s Headline Goal: An Operational Assessment
2002-09-01
strong between the United States and the rest of Europe. The 1956 Suez Crisis did not scar relations between the UK and the United States to the...Support Logistics UK 6 Light Infantry Brigade HQ & Augmentees 7 Light/Medium Armoured Companies UK 8 Medical Collective Protection Role 3
-
Beyond Racism: Embracing an Interdependent Future. Brazil, South Africa, the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Southern Education Foundation, Atlanta, GA.
This set of four publications examines contemporary power relations between persons of European and African descent in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States. Using a comparative and multidisciplinary approach, these publications focus on three democracies with large multiracial and multiethnic populations. "Overview Report," which…
-
Internet Access in the European Union and in the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bauer, Johannes M.; Berne, Michel; Maitland, Carleen F.
2002-01-01
Examines the effects of public policies towards traditional communications infrastructures on Internet access in Europe and the United States. Discusses competitive strategies and describes the influence of regulatory policies affecting market entry and the pricing of services on Internet access, based on empirical findings. (Author/LRW)
-
Teachers Guide to Social Studies in the Senior High School.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cason, Constance; And Others
This guide to the social studies was developed for use in the senior high schools of Duval County, Jacksonville, Florida. Topics covered are United States government, United States history, anthropology, bible history, comparative institutions, European history, Florida history, human relations, political science, economics, psychology, sociology,…
-
Non-American SACEUR: Win-Win for NATO and the United States
2011-03-17
significant divides among NATO allies. Divisions between European members of the Alliance and the inherent schizophrenia caused by competing...The SACT position serves as a test case for the feasibility of a non-American SACEUR. 12 Prior to 2009, the United States also maintained a
-
The Effects of International Mobility on European Researchers: Comparing Intra-EU and U.S. Mobility
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Veugelers, Reinhilde; Van Bouwel, Linda
2015-01-01
Using econometric analysis on survey data from European-born and European-educated researchers who are internationally mobile after their PhD within Europe or to the United States, we find significant positive effects from international mobility on scientific productivity, as well as several other positive career development effects. European…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum are important cosmopolitan plant pathogens with wide host ranges. Both species have recently been identified as the cause of bleeding canker of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the northeastern United States, but whether isolates from European beech had the...
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Vitina, Aisma; Lüers, Silke; Wallasch, Anna-Kathrin
The International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for cooperation in Research, Development, and Deployment of Wind Energy Systems (IEA Wind) Task 26—The Cost of Wind Energy represents an international collaboration dedicated to exploring past, present and future cost of wind energy. This report provides an overview of recent trends in wind plant technology, cost, and performance in those countries that are currently represented by participating organizations in IEA Wind Task 26: Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the United States as well as the European Union.
-
Ferguson, Gail M.; Bornstein, Marc H.; Pottinger, Audrey M.
2011-01-01
A bidimensional acculturation framework cannot account for multiple destination cultures within contemporary settlement societies. We propose and test a tridimensional model among Jamaican adolescent-mother dyads in the United States compared with Jamaican Islander, European American, African American, and other Black and non-Black U.S. immigrant dyads (473 dyads, M adolescent age = 14 years). Jamaican immigrants evidence tridimensional acculturation, orienting toward Jamaican, African American, and European American cultures. Integration is favored (70%), particularly tricultural integration; moreover, Jamaican and other Black U.S. immigrants are more oriented toward African American than European American culture. Jamaican immigrant youth adapt at least as well as non-immigrant Jamaican and U.S. peers, although assimilated adolescents, particularly first generation, have worse sociocultural adaptation than integrated and separated adolescents. PMID:22966917
-
Rethinking the National Interest: Putin’s Turn in Russian Foreign Policy
2008-01-01
the United States, Britain, Russia, France and Germany, but also those of key institutions such as the United Nations, European Union and NATO. One of...the Germans say; “no bourgeoisie , no democracy,” as put by Barrington Moore. The overwhelming role of the state in Russian history had effectively... France by the Algerian War or on the United States by the Vietnam War. Political dissidence was limited to small intellectual circles, as respected as
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2016-01-01
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), the Road Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, and the European Unions European Commission Directorate General for Communications Networks, Conte...
-
Phased Retirement: The European Experience.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Swank, Constance
This report provides United States corporate and union policymakers with practical information on one alternative work pattern for older employees--phased retirement--from European colleagues who already have implemented or negotiated specific phasing programs. An introduction provides details on the collection of information from companies in…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Subotnik, Rena F.; Stoeger, Heidrun; Olszewski-Kubilius, Paula
2017-01-01
The goal of this article is to convey a summary of research and conversation on talent development on the part of a small group of European and American researchers who participated in the Inaugural American European Research Summit in Washington. In the final hours of the summit, participants discussed the state of research on talent development…
-
Bioterrorism Countermeasure Development: Issues in Patents and Homeland Security
2005-05-06
314.108(a) 62 See Upjohn Co. v. Kessler, 938 F. Supp. 439 (W.D. Mich. 1996). 63 See Valerie Junod , “Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States...Valerie Junod , Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union Law, 59 FOOD & DRUG L.J., 2004, 479. 99 S. 975 at § 331(e
-
Regional distribution of introduced plant species in the forests of the Northeastern United States
Beth Schulz; W. Keith Moser; Cassandra Olson; Katherine Johnson
2013-01-01
Many plant species have been introduced to the United States by humans since European settlement, sometimes deliberately and sometimes inadvertently, such as in contaminated crop seed or soil. Some species have successfully escaped cultivation and become invasive, spreading and establishing new populations distant from original population centers. Indeed, introduced...
-
Centralized Negotiations of Salaries of Professional Staff in Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Peterson, LeRoy J.
This document reports on a study conducted in six European countries -- Denmark, England, France, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden -- and suggests ways to implement Statewide negotiations in the United States. The author first provides an overview of negotiations in the United States and then gives a country-by-country analysis of salary negotiations.…
-
Common Issues in World Regions. Teacher's Guide.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Grewar, Melinda, Ed.
This teacher's guide is designed to supplement eight 30-minute video programs each of which presents two cases studies that explore an issue from Northern American (United States and Canada) and Western European perspectives. The series of programs is intended to strengthen what junior and senior high school students in the United States and…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
McInerney, Daniel J.
2017-01-01
Tuning's progress in the discipline of history in the United States since 2009 illustrates the project's continuing capacity to develop "educational structures and programmes on the basis of diversity and autonomy", maintaining the initiative's original European Union commitment in a markedly different academic environment across the…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Amaral, Alberto; Rosa, Maria Joao; Tavares, Diana Amado
2009-01-01
There have been calls to increase the autonomy of higher education institutions in Europe for a number of years. They have been counterbalanced by demands for increasing accountability and a European quality assurance system. In London in 2007, the European ministers of education decided to implement a European register of accredited quality…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kuchner, Joan F.
This study explores cultural influences in the first three months of life by comparing the daily experiences of first generation Chinese-American and European-American infants whose parents were born in the United States. The study focused on 10 Chinese-American and 10 European-American families whose mothers were recruited during the third…
-
Synthesis of active traffic management experiences in Europe and the United States
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2010-03-01
This synthesis report describes both US and European techniques in Active Traffic Management (ATM). The primary focus of this synthesis is on European experience, which in some cases dates back a number of years. This report provides a compilation of...
-
Underage drinking: frequency, consequences, and interventions.
Hingson, Ralph W; Assailly, Jean-Pascal; Williams, Allan F
2004-09-01
To examine the frequency of underage drinking, driving after drinking and alcohol-related crashes, trends in these behaviors, and promising interventions. We examined drinking and drinking- and-driving behaviors reported in the United States in the 2001 U.S. National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Study, and the 1999 National Survey of Drinking and Driving conducted for the National Highway Traffic Administration. We also examined the 1999 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol-related fatal crashes were examined from the U.S. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Evaluation of interventions to reduce teenage drinking and driving after drinking were reviewed. In the United States, 19% of youth ages 12-20 consumed five or more drinks on an occasion in the past 30 days. Although European nations have lower legal drinking ages (16-18) than in the United States (21), similar proportions engage in underage drinking. In two-thirds of European countries, a greater percentage of 15-16 year-olds drank five or more drinks on an occasion in the past month than in the United States. In both the United States and Europe, the earlier people begin to drink, the greater the likelihood of developing alcohol dependence and other alcohol-related problems, including alcohol-related crash involvement, during adolescence and adult years. During the past 20 years alcohol-related traffic deaths among people younger than 21 have been cut in half in the United States, but progress has halted since 1995 and the problem is still large. Interventions shown by research to reduce alcohol-related crashes among youth include raising the legal drinking age to 21, zero tolerance laws, and some interventions that are family, school, or community based. Despite research showing that a variety of interventions can reduce underage drinking and alcohol-related crash fatalities, the frequency of these behaviors remains high and the average age of drinking initiation is declining in the United States. Efforts are needed to enhance publicized enforcement of underage drinking laws. Comprehensive community interventions that include enforcement of these laws also are needed.
-
Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) Structure
2004-04-01
JC - United States Central Command DoD 7045.7-H, April 2004 12 JCA - CJCS Controlled Activities JE - United States European Command JFC - United...Codes ARMY TITLECODE TITLECODE(H) = Historical (H) = Historical 1291 Line of Sight Anti-Tank (LOSAT) Battalion 1295 Armored Cavalry Squadrons (ACR) 1296...TRI-TAC) 0208010N Joint Tactical Communications Program (TRI-TAC) 0208011A CJCS Exercise Program 0208011F CJCS Exercise Program 0208011J CJCS Exercise
-
Stability in the Offense: The Evolution of Civil Affairs During World War II
2014-05-22
Department of State ETO European Theater of Operation ETOUSA European Theater United States Army FACT Field Advance Civilian Teams FM Field Manual...monograph. Official histories include Harry L. Cole and Albert K . Weinberg’s Civil Affairs: Soldiers Become Governors, which provides an extensive...US Historical Experience with Civil Affairs: 10Harry L. Coles and Albert K . Weinberg, Civil Affairs: Soldiers Become Governors, CMH Pub 11-5
-
The European Economic Community.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schuchart, Kelvin
1986-01-01
Maintains that social studies students need to realize the relationship of the European Economic Community to the United States in order to understand the trade bonds that exist between us. Briefly reviews the history of the Community, outlines its Common Agricultural Policy, and provides situations for classroom role playing. (JDH)
-
Entrepreneurial Education in Europe.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dana, Leo Paul
1992-01-01
Study of a cross-section of entrepreneurship programs in several European countries found that the principal strength of European programs is their practical approach and that entrepreneurship programs have spread more rapidly into rural areas than in the United States. Strengths of U.S. programs include greater diversification and numerous…
-
Mechanisms for Job Creation. Lessons from the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).
This document contains papers presented at a seminar to explore how the U.S. economy has created 30 million jobs since the early 1970s, while most European countries have barely managed to keep their labor force employed. The following papers are included: "Job Creation in the United States: Some Facts and Figures" (Sibille); "Unanswered…
-
Rural Women Teachers in the United States. Keynote Address.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wyman, Andrea
This presentation examines the history of women teachers in the rural United States. The earliest classrooms in America were a male environment modeled after European schools. But in the mid-19th century, the Civil War and westward expansion depleted the number of male teachers and brought rural women teachers to the helm of American education.…
-
The Journey from Welcoming to Belonging: Stories of a New Principal in a Latino Community
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Marasco, Corena
2016-01-01
From Catholic education's inception in the United States, Catholic schools were established for the immigrant population and the leadership was successful at building enrollment with the high European immigrant populations. At this point in United States history, Catholic education is in need of innovative change, especially in regard to…
-
The demise of fire and "mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States
Gregory J. Nowacki; Marc D. Abrams
2008-01-01
A diverse array of fire-adapted plant communities once covered the eastern United States. European settlement greatly altered fire regimes, often increasing fire occurrence (e.g., in northern hardwoods) or substantially decreasing it (e.g., in tallgrass prairies). Notwithstanding these changes, fire suppression policies, beginning around the 1920s, greatly reduced fire...
-
Power laws in cone production of longleaf pine across its native range in the United States
Xiongwen Chen; Qinfeng Guo; Dale G. Brockway
2017-01-01
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in the southeastern United States are considered endangered ecosystems, because of their dramatic decrease in area since European colonization and poor rates of recovery related to episodic natural regeneration. Sporadic seed production constrains restoration efforts and complicates sustainable management of this species....
-
Zhen Sui; Zhaofei Fan; Michael K. Crosby; Xingang Fan
2015-01-01
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) has irreplaceable ecological value in the southeastern United States. However, longleaf pine-grassland ecosystems have been dramatically declining since European settlement. From the aspect of longleaf pine restoration and management, this study calculated longleaf pine importance values in each southern county and then conducted...
-
The Responses of African American Men to Dominant Norms of Masculinity within the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Harris, Ian; And Others
1994-01-01
Investigated responses of 509 white/European American and African American men to dominant norms of masculinity within the United States and presents a model for male identity formation, including cultural influences, dominant cultural norms, and specific circumstances. Results suggest that at age 18, both groups report similar perspectives about…
-
Factors Contributing to Optimal Human Functioning in People of Color in the United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Constantine, Madonna G.; Sue, Derald Wing
2006-01-01
Many conceptualizations of optimal human functioning are based on Western European notions of healthy and unhealthy development and daily living. When applied to people of color in the United States, however, these conceptualizations may prove inapplicable because of their Western culture--bound nature. The authors explore the role that cultural…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cho, Vincent; Turner, Henry; Steiner, Adam
2016-01-01
Although today's unprecedented advancements in technology ought to serve as a springboard for innovations in teaching and learning, practices in many schools in the United States and around the globe remain unchanged. Indeed, Europe, too has struggled with this challenge. Using European technology initiatives as points of reflection, the authors…
-
Sustainability of egg production in the United States--the policy and market context.
Mench, J A; Sumner, D A; Rosen-Molina, J T
2011-01-01
The US egg industry is being pressured from many directions to change its production practices, particularly to address concerns about hen welfare in conventional cage systems. Responding to similar pressures, in 1999, the European Union banned conventional laying cages starting in 2012. This now impending European ban has led to the development of several alternative housing systems. These include noncage systems like aviaries and modified (enriched or furnished) cages that include perches, areas in which the hens can forage and dustbathe, and nests. Understanding the European experience is valuable as the United States considers the future direction of the egg industry. In the United States, the proportion of eggs produced in alternative systems is small (less than 5% of output) but growing, in part due to market and political incentives for systems that provide hens with more behavioral freedom than conventional cages. Animal welfare, however, is only one element of a sustainable production system. Other elements include those related to public values, the environment, economics, worker health, and food safety and quality. Eggs are a primary source of animal protein globally, and the United States is the third largest producer of eggs in the world, behind China and the European Union. The national table egg flock comprises about 280 million hens housed in all regions but with approximately 60% of eggs produced in the 10 leading states. Adopting new housing systems will have substantial effects on costs and other aspects of egg production on both a regional and national scale, with some positive effects but also potential negative effects that need to be carefully considered. This paper discusses the US egg industry in the context of legislation and standards related to hen housing systems. It also addresses initiatives by retailers, nongovernmental organizations, and private certification organizations to shape production practices in the egg industry as well as how those initiatives might affect various aspects of the sustainability of egg production.
-
Defence electro-optics: European perspective
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hartikainen, Jari
2011-11-01
In 2009 the United States invested in defence R&T 3,6 times and in defence research and development 6,8 times as much as all member states of the European Defence Agency (EDA) combined while the ratio in the total defence expenditure was 2,6 in the US' favour. The European lack of investments in defence research and development has a negative impact on the competitiveness of European defence industry and on the European non-dependence. In addition, the efficiency of investment is reduced due to duplication of work in different member states. The Lisbon Treaty tasks EDA to support defence technology research, and coordinate and plan joint research activities and the study of technical solutions meeting future operational needs. This paper gives an overview how EDA meets the challenge of improving the efficiency of European defence R&T investment with an emphasis on electro-optics and describes shortly the ways that governmental and industrial partners can participate in the EDA cooperation. Examples of joint R&T projects addressing electro-optics are presented.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Beduwe, Catherine; Planas, Jordi
The long-term economic and social impacts of the rise in levels of education on mechanisms of access to employment and on human resources management were examined in a comparative study of educational expansion and the labor markets of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, with special reference to the United States. Five teams of…
-
English Language Learner Status in a Predominantly European-American School
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Han, Keonghee Tao
2010-01-01
Using status characteristics theory, this study examined a sixth-grade Korean student's experiences associated with English literacy learning while attending a predominantly European-American school in the United States. Of particular interest was the interaction between race, culture, and learning in a classroom where the mainstream teachers,…
-
Integration and Disintegration: A Political Geography of the European Union.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Davidson, Fiona M.
1997-01-01
Describes the somewhat contradictory movements towards political and economic integration and political decentralization in the European Union (EU). Discusses the implications of those trends for the future of the sovereign state, specifically for Spain, France, and the United Kingdom. Maintains that political power is being wrested away from core…
-
Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead in Drinking Water
This book is a critical synthesis of international experiences with the control of lead in drinking water, derived from the European research network COST Action 637, supported by a wide range of experts from 26 European countries, the United States, and Canada. The book covers ...
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
While bleeding canker of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) has long been recognized as a problem, the cause in the northeastern United States has not been clear. To resolve this, we surveyed for disease prevalence, identified the pathogens involved, proved their pathogenicity, compared protocols for ...
-
Parental Involvement in Children's Schooling: Different Meanings in Different Cultures
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Huntsinger, Carol S.; Jose, Paul E.
2009-01-01
Three types of parent involvement--communicating, volunteering at school, and learning at home--were explored in two cultures within the United States. Immigrant Chinese parents and European American parents of young children reflect their different traditions in the ways they involve themselves in their child's academic life. European American…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.
Hearings on a bill to establish a Soviet and Eastern-European research training fund are presented. The Senate bill, the Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of 1983, identifies priorities in Soviet and East European studies and seeks to develop American resources and strength in these areas. It provides fellowships for training and…
-
Ballistic Missile Defense in the European Theater: Political, Military and Technical Considerations
2007-04-15
currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 15 04 2007 2. REPORT TYPE...the European Security Strategy. These strategic documents implicitly and explicitly build a strong case for bolstering missile defense capabilities...states. The NMS advocates the building of a defense in depth by extending defensive capabilities well beyond United States borders, and uses the
-
Barriers to Oral Health Across Selected European Countries and the United States
Manski, Richard; Moeller, John
2016-01-01
In this review we consider oral health access among older adults within and between the United States and various European countries with regard to possible primary financial and modifiable secondary non-financial factors. For older adults, the likelihood of using dental services has been associated with a multiplicity of factors in the health literature. These factors are traditionally classified into predisposing, enabling, and need categories, and can be further classified into modifiable and non-modifiable sub-categories. This raises the question as to which single factor or group of factors has the most influence in keeping older adults from seeking care, and how might these influences differ between the USA and various other (European) countries. As it turns out, there is variation in the magnitude of effects across certain measurable potential barriers, but generally it takes a combination of characteristics associated with non-use to have a substantial impact. PMID:28083874
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Commission for Manpower Policy, Washington, DC.
The conference reported here was held to bring together European manpower experts and United States representatives to discuss European manpower programs and policies developed and expanded as a result of the 1974-1976 recession and recovery, and methods for coordinating manpower and general economic policies. This report contains a list of the…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Verbakel, Ellen; DiPrete, Thomas A.
2008-01-01
Comparisons of wellbeing between the United States and Western Europe generally show that most Americans have higher standards of living than do Western Europeans at comparable locations in their national income distributions. These comparisons of wellbeing typically privilege disposable income and cash transfers while ignoring other aspects of…
-
Fulfilling Our Promises: The United States and the Helsinki Final Act. A Status Report.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Washington, DC.
This report examines compliance by the United States with agreements made in the Helsinki Final Act. The Act was signed in 1975 by leaders of 33 East and West European nations, Canada, and the U.S. It contains numerous cooperative measures aimed at improving East-West relations. This report was prepared by the Commission on Security and…
-
Care of the Aged: Old Problems in Need of New Solutions.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kane, Robert; Kane, Rosalie
The tendency in the United States to view the nursing home as an all-purpose solution to the health problems of the elderly has created a set of self-made problems: increased dependency, depression and social isolation among the aged. In the United States, unlike in many European nations, institutional care of the elderly is conceived of and…
-
Net change in forest density, 1873-2001. Using historical maps to monitor long-term forest trends.
Greg C. Liknes; Mark D. Nelson; Daniel J. Kaisershot
2013-01-01
European settlement of the United States and utilization of forests are inextricably linked. Forest products fueled development, providing the building blocks for railroads, bridges, ships, and homes. Perhaps because of the importance of its forests, the United States has a rich cartographic history documenting its resources. Long-term, broad-scale monitoring efforts...
-
Transnational Schooling and the New Immigrants: Developing Dual Identities in the United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Salomone, Rosemary
2008-01-01
This essay examines education as a critical link to minority integration--one often lost in the debate over immigration on both sides of the Atlantic. It suggests that western European countries, in looking to the experience of the United States, should place the specific policies and practices in their historical context and sift through the…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tudge, Jonathan R. H.; Doucet, Fabienne; Odero, Dolphine; Sperb, Tania M.; Piccinini, Cesar A.; Lopes, Rita S.
2006-01-01
A powerful means to understand young children's normative development in context is to examine their everyday activities. The daily activities of 79 children (3 years old) were observed, for 20 hr each, in their usual settings. Children were selected from 4 cultural groups: European American and African American (Greensboro, United States), Luo…
-
Samson, Marsha E; Porter, Nancy G; Hurley, Deborah M; Adams, Swann A; Eberth, Jan M
2016-01-01
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and the second-leading cause of female cancer deaths in the United States. African Americans and other minorities in the United States experience lower survival rates and have a worse prognosis than European Americans despite European Americans having a much higher incidence of the disease. Adherence to breast cancer treatment-quality measures is limited, particularly when the data are stratified by race/ethnicity. We aimed to examine breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in South Carolina by race and explore possible racial disparities in the quality of breast cancer treatment received in South Carolina. African Americans have high rates of mammography and clinical breast examination screenings yet suffer lower survival compared with European Americans. For most treatment-quality metrics, South Carolina fairs well in comparison to the United States as a whole; however, South Carolina hospitals overall lag behind South Carolina Commission on Cancer-accredited hospitals for all measured quality indicators, including needle biopsy utilization, breast-conserving surgeries, and timely use of radiation therapy. Accreditation may a play a major role in increasing the standard of care related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. These descriptive findings may provide significant insight for future interventions and policies aimed at eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes. Further risk-reduction approaches are necessary to reduce minority group mortality rates, especially among African American women.
-
Potential Threats to Spanish Security: Implications for the United States and NATO
1990-12-01
already provided by the bilateral agreement with the United States." The possibility of "militarization" was seen by some as a negative effect of...united Europe within the developing global system. According to Spain’s Foreign Minister, Francisco Fernandez Ordonez, "the European Community has three...a continent whose nationalistic tendencies have, in the past, threatened to tear it apart. In order to develop this hypothesis, this thesis will
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Commonly grown North American birdsfoot trefoil (BFT, Lotus corniculatus L.) varieties, such as Norcen,0 produce forage with insufficient condensed tannin (CT) concentrations to maximize ruminant livestock performance. Our objective was to identify European and Mediterranean genotypes with higher CT...
-
Data Networking for the European Academic and Research Community: Is It Important?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Williams, David O.; Carpenter, Brian E.
1992-01-01
Discussion of data networking in Europe provides background on the current situation in the United States and the Pacific region. The situation in Europe is then addressed, including the present status of national networks, disciplinary networks, and the European Internet; regulatory, political, economic, and technical barriers to progress; and…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gheorghiu, Mirona A.; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Smith, Peter B.
2009-01-01
We examined the relationship between Individualism/Collectivism and generalized social trust across 31 European nations participating in the European Social Survey. Using multilevel regression analyses, the current study provides the first empirical investigation of the effects of cultural norms of Individualism/Collectivism on generalized social…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has been a major pest of corn and other crops in North America since its accidental introduction nearly a hundred years ago. Wide adoption of transgenic corn that expresses toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, referred to as Bt c...
-
Psychological Aspects of European Cosmology in American Society: African and European Cultures.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Baldwin, Joseph A.
1985-01-01
Discusses the Eurocentric nature of the United States social reality, and investigates psychological and mental health implications for the African-American community. Outlines the basic themes, emphases and criteria of Euro-American cosmology and describes how it can come to dominate the Afro-American's self-consciousness. Suggests ways to…
-
A Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Bilingual Programs in Europe
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Reljic, Gabrijela; Ferring, Dieter; Martin, Romain
2015-01-01
The effectiveness of bilingual programs for promoting academic achievement of language minority children in the United States has been examined in six meta-analyses. The present meta-analytic study investigates this topic for the first time in the European context. Thorough literature searches uncovered 101 European studies, with only 7 meeting…
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gao, David Wenzhong; Muljadi, Eduard; Tian, Tian
The main objectives of this report are to evaluate China's photovoltaic (PV) interconnection standards and the U.S. counterparts and to propose recommendations for future revisions to these standards. This report references the 2013 report Comparative Study of Standards for Grid-Connected PV System in China, the U.S. and European Countries, which compares U.S., European, and China's PV grid interconnection standards; reviews various metrics for the characterization of distribution network with PV; and suggests modifications to China's PV interconnection standards and requirements. The recommendations are accompanied by assessments of four high-penetration PV grid interconnection cases in the United States to illustrate solutionsmore » implemented to resolve issues encountered at different sites. PV penetration in China and in the United States has significantly increased during the past several years, presenting comparable challenges depending on the conditions of the grid at the point of interconnection; solutions are generally unique to each interconnected PV installation or PV plant.« less
-
European Security and NATO Enlargement: A View from Central Europe.
1998-04-01
8217iii 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Final fieport European Security and NATO Enlargement: A View from Central Europe (U) 6. AUTHOR(S) Stephen J...of views , including some not often heard, on the issues connected with NATO enlargement. 14. SUBJECT TERMS United States; NATO; post-Cold War...298-102 EUROPEAN SECURITY AND NATO ENLARGEMENT: A VIEW FROM CENTRAL EUROPE Edited by Stephen J. Blank April 1998 f"W DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
-
Business Involvement in Education: Literature Review.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nichols Education Consulting Group, Edmonton (Alberta).
The literature on business involvement in education in Canada, the United States, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan, the United Kingdom, and other European countries was reviewed. Special attention was paid to the following topics: workplace trends/changes; skill requirements/deficits; youth employment/unemployment; integration versus…
-
Ivaskiene, Tatjana; Mauricas, Mykolas; Ivaska, Justinas
2017-01-01
Regulation (EC) 1394/2007 of the European Parliament and the Council on advanced therapy medicinal products and amending Directive 2001/83/EC and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 allowed the use of non - authorized advanced therapy medicinal products under the certain circumstances. This socalled hospital exemption rule needs to be applied in the each Member State of the European Union individually and for this purpose Member States should provide national procedures and control measures. The aim of this article is to clear up the criteria for hospital exemption listed in Regulation (EC) 1394/2007 and to contrast the difference in implementing hospital exemption rule into national legal regimes on examples of the United Kingdom, Lithuania and Poland.
-
The Global Health Policies of the EU and its Member States: A Common Vision?
Steurs, Lies; Van de Pas, Remco; Delputte, Sarah; Orbie, Jan
2018-01-01
Background: This article assesses the global health policies of the European Union (EU) and those of its individual member states. So far EU and public health scholars have paid little heed to this, despite the large budgets involved in this area. While the European Commission has attempted to define the ‘EU role in Global Health’ in 2010, member states are active in the domain of global health as well. Therefore, this article raises the question to what extent a common ‘EU’ vision on global health exists. Methods: This is examined through a comparative framing analysis of the global health policy documents of the European Commission and five EU member states (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Denmark). The analysis is informed by a two-layered typology, distinguishing global health from international health and four ‘global health frames,’ namely social justice, security, investment and charity. Results: The findings show that the concept of ‘global health’ has not gained ground the same way within European policy documents. Consequently, there are also differences in how health is being framed. While the European Commission, Belgium, and Denmark clearly support a social justice frame, the global health strategies of the United Kingdom, Germany, and France put an additional focus on the security and investment frames. Conclusion: There are different understandings of global/international health as well as different framings within relevant documents of the EU and its member states. Therefore, the existence of an ‘EU’ vision on global health is questionable. Further research is needed on how this impacts on policy implementation. PMID:29764107
-
Mason, Anne; Drummond, Michael; Ramsey, Scott; Campbell, Jonathan; Raisch, Dennis
2010-07-10
In contrast to the United States, several European countries have health technology assessment programs for drugs, many of which assess cost effectiveness. Coverage decisions that consider cost effectiveness may lead to restrictions in access. For a purposive sample of five decision-making bodies, we analyzed US and United Kingdom coverage decisions on all anticancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2004 to 2008. Data sources for the timing and outcome of licensing and coverage decisions included published and unpublished documentation, Web sites, and personal communication. The FDA approved 59 anticancer drugs over the study period, of which 46 were also approved by the European Medicines Agency. In the United States, 100% of drugs were covered, mostly without restriction. However, the United Kingdom bodies made positive coverage decisions for less than half of licensed drugs (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE]: 39%; Scottish Medicines Consortium [SMC]: 43%). Whereas the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) covered all 59 drugs from the FDA license date, delays were evident for some Regence Group decisions that were informed by cost effectiveness (median, 0 days; semi-interquartile range [SIQR], 122 days; n = 22). Relative to the European Medicines Agency license date, median time to coverage was 783 days (SIQR, 170 days) for NICE and 231 days (SIQR, 129 days) for the SMC. Anticancer drug coverage decisions that consider cost effectiveness are associated with greater restrictions and slower time to coverage. However, this approach may represent an explicit alternative to rationing achieved through the use of patient copayments.
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
New European Union (E.U.) regulations may require that a somatic cell count (SCC) limit of 400,000 cells/mL for milk be met by every farm that contributes to pooled milk exported to Europe. In the United States, the standard is 750,000 cells/mL. Because bulk tank SCC is not readily available through...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hohenfeldt, Harold H., Ed.
The first part of this resource guide is designed to help secondary teachers provide a multi-ethnic/non-sexist thrust to United States history. The second part will help them develop a multi-disciplinary approach to U.S. history. Part one is organized by the following ethnic groups: Blacks, Asians, Europeans, Hispanics, Jews, American Indians, and…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Werner, Heinz
On average, unemployed U.S. citizens remain jobless for much less time than their European counterparts do. The relatively low level of unemployment in the United States is attributable to two factors: a social protection system that offers far less protection than those in Western Europe do and a broad range of job openings. The fact that…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Heaster, Dwight W.
2010-01-01
The study evaluated the impact the Bologna (3-year European) degrees have had on graduate international students enrolled in a private university in the United States. The evaluation focused on the students' preparedness for graduate level work. The research involved the graduate faculty who had experience working with the international graduate…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs.
Following the EuroMAB meeting in Strasbourg, France (September 1991) and on an initiative of the Man and the Biosphere National Committee of the United States, a decision was made to create a research network from information available in biosphere reserves in 30 European countries, Canada and the United States. This Directory of EuroMAB Biosphere…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bowman, Kristi; Nantl, Jiri
2014-01-01
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court decided "Brown v. Board of Education," a case that is known throughout the US and around the world for its strong statements about equality and about the importance of education. The years since the "Brown" decision have been filled with many changes in US law and society. From the…
-
Reserve Component Programs, Fiscal Year 1991
1992-02-28
Medical at Fort United States, and European Command Devens , Massachusetts, conducted its initial Casualty Receiving Hospitals, as well as, new...Berkman United States Army Militar% Lxcutic, Rcscrsc Fortes Polity Board Chief, AriN Rescrse. 19-1980 Attorney-at-Law, Morrison & Foerster San...the Selected Reserve componeit personnel categories. Reserve Component Programs FY 1991 Refere Fortes Polt) Board 3 Table 1-2 COMPOSITION OF THE READY
-
Using Automatic Identification System Technology to Improve Maritime Border Security
2014-12-01
digital selective calling EPIRB Emergency Position Indicting Radio Beacon EU European Union FAA Federal Aviation Administration GAO U. S. Government...that has visited a hovering vessel or received merchandise outside the territorial sea. A hovering vessel is defined as a vessel loitering offshore...often with the intent to introduce merchandise into the United States illegally. Departing the United States and transiting international or foreign
-
Doan, Stacey N; Wang, Qi
2010-01-01
This study examined in a cross-cultural context mothers' discussions of mental states and external behaviors in a story-telling task with their 3-year-old children and the relations of such discussions to children's emotion situation knowledge (ESK). The participants were 71 European American and 60 Chinese immigrant mother-child pairs in the United States. Mothers and children read a storybook together at home, and children's ESK was assessed. Results showed that European American mothers made more references to thoughts and emotions during storytelling than did Chinese mothers, who commented more frequently on behaviors. Regardless of culture, mothers' use of mental states language predicted children's ESK, whereas their references to behaviors were negatively related to children's ESK. Finally, mothers' emphasis on mental states over behaviors partially mediated cultural effects on children's ESK. © 2010 The Authors. Child Development © 2010 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.
-
Fire in Eastern Hardwood Forests through 14,000 Years
Martin A. Spetich; Roger W. Perry; Craig A. Harper; Stacy L. Clark
2011-01-01
Fire helped shape the structure and species composition of hardwood forests of the eastern United States over the past 14,000 years. Periodic fires were common in much of this area prior to European settlement, and fire-resilient species proliferated. Early European settlers commonly adopted Native American techniques of applying fire to the landscape. As the demand...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Costa-Font, Joan; Wittenberg, Raphael; Patxot, Concepcio; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; Gori, Cristiano; di Maio, Alessandra; Pickard, Linda; Pozzi, Alessandro; Rothgang, Heinz
2008-01-01
This study examines the sensitivity of future long-term care demand and expenditure estimates to official demographic projections in four selected European countries: Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom. It uses standardised methodology in the form of a macro-simulation exercise and finds evidence for significant differences in…
-
William E. Miller; Arthur R. Hastings; John F. Wootten
1961-01-01
In the United States, the European pine shoot moth has caused much damage in young, plantations of red pine. It has been responsible for reduced planting of red pine in many areas. Although attacked trees rarely if ever die, their growth is inhibited and many are, deformed. Scotch pine and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) are usually not so badly damaged. Swiss...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hassid, Joseph
A study explored questions on changing skill requirements of small firms in the services sector that are internationalizing their activities. These seven European Union (EU) member states were involved: Greece, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Austria, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The services sector accounted for a significant part of the EU…
-
Transgenic Crops and Sustainable Agriculture in the European Context
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ponti, Luigi
2005-01-01
The rapid adoption of transgenic crops in the United States, Argentina, and Canada stands in strong contrast to the situation in the European Union (EU), where a de facto moratorium has been in place since 1998. This article reviews recent scientific literature relevant to the problematic introduction of transgenic crops in the EU to assess if…
-
A Critical Look at Psychological Testing in Israel and Comparisons with Its European Neighbors
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fine, Saul
2013-01-01
While psychological tests are used extensively in Israel, the current controls over testing practices in Israel deserve some attention. Specifically, unlike in some European countries and the United States, (a) no specific certifications are offered to Israeli psychologists in the area of testing; (b) Israeli psychologists are not obligated to…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cichy, Bryan Ervin
2010-01-01
African American students are overrepresented in the category of Emotional Disturbance under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act across the United States. This study examined how preservice teachers rated African American and European American students on three ratings scales across four culturally mediated behaviors: (a) movement…
-
Fellner, Lea; Huptas, Christopher; Simon, Svenja; Mühlig, Anna; Neuhaus, Klaus
2016-01-01
Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933, isolated in 1982 in the United States, was the first enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain sequenced. Unfortunately, European labs can no longer receive the original strain. We checked three European EDL933 derivatives and found major genetic deviations (deletions, inversions) in two strains. All EDL933 strains contain the cryptic EHEC-plasmid, not reported before. PMID:27056239
-
Kroes, Rob
2017-01-01
This paper's central concern is with signs of fascism in recent political developments in a number of European countries and the United States. It takes the reader back to earlier periods in European and American history when this same anguished question was raised. Thus a longer intellectual history of concerns about the viability of democratic systems is drawn to guide us in our current political evaluations.
-
Navarro, Vicente
2002-01-01
This article critiques the concepts of communitarianism and social capital as used in the United States and in Europe. For the United States, the author focuses on Robert Putnam's understanding of both concepts, showing that the apolitical analysis of the Progressive Era, of the progressive developments in Northern Italy, and of the situation of labor unions in the United States is not only insufficient but wrong. The critique also includes the difference between U.S. communitarianism and its European versions, Christian democracy and New Labour, and the limitations of both approaches. The uses and misuses of these concepts in the political debate are discussed.
-
21 CFR 26.45 - Monitoring continued equivalence.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wete, Francis N.
Criticisms of the one-way flow of international information were first voiced in the 1940s, when, in the name of free flow of information and worldwide access to news, the United States launched an offensive to dismantle European news cartels. At a UNESCO conference in 1945, the United States was chiefly responsible for making the free flow of…
-
Mark J. Statham; Benjamin N. Sacks; Keith B. Aubry; John D. Perrine; Samantha M. Wisely
2012-01-01
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are native to boreal and western montane portions of North America but their origins are unknown in many lowland areas of the United States. Red foxes were historically absent from much of the East Coast at the time of European settlement and did not become common until the mid-1800s. Some early naturalists described an...
-
Onishi, Taku; Tsukamoto, Katsura; Matsumaru, Naoki; Waki, Takashi
2018-01-01
Efforts to promote the development of pediatric pharmacotherapy include regulatory frameworks and close collaboration between the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. We characterized the current status of pediatric clinical trials conducted in the United States by the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the involvement of the European Union member countries, to clarify the industry perspective. Data on US pediatric clinical trials were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov . Binary regression analysis was performed to identify what factors influence the likelihood of involvement of European Union countries. A total of 633 US pediatric clinical trials that met inclusion criteria were extracted and surveyed. Of these, 206 (32.5%) involved a European Union country site(s). The results of binary regression analysis indicated that attribution of industry, phase, disease area, and age of pediatric participants influenced the likelihood of the involvement of European Union countries in US pediatric clinical trials. Relatively complicated or large pediatric clinical trials, such as phase II and III trials and those that included a broad age range of participants, had a significantly greater likelihood of the involvement of European Union countries ( P < .05). Our results suggest that (1) the pharmaceutical industry utilizes regulatory frameworks in making business decisions regarding pediatric clinical trials, (2) disease area affects the involvement of European Union countries, and (3) feasibility of clinical trials is mainly concerned by pharmaceutical industry for pediatric drug development. Additional incentives for high marketability may further motivate pharmaceutical industry to develop pediatric drugs.
-
Proceedings from the 1st Insights in Hematology Symposium, Cluj-Napoca, Romania March 11-12, 2016.
Bojan, Anca; Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana; Ciurea, S; Dima, Delia; Fuji, Shigeo; Ghiaur, G; Grewal, Ravnit; Mccormack, Emmet; Tanase, Alina; Trifa, A; Tomuleasa, Ciprian
2016-09-01
In the March 2016 issue of the Lancet Haematology, the editorial office published a paper stating the roadmap for European research in hematology, based on the European Hematology Association (EHA) consensus document that outlines the directions in hematology for the following years across the continent. The meeting entitled "Insights in hematology" is organized a support for the initiative of a roadmap for European hematologists regarding research, may it be basic research or clinical research, but this consensus should not be focused mainly on European institutions, but rather form the backbone of global research between Europe and the United States, Japan or any other country. This will allow Europeans to learn as well as to share their experience with the rest of the scientific and medical community. And the Cluj-Napoca meeting should be followed by other such meetings all across the EU.
-
21 CFR 26.74 - Preservation of regulatory authority.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
21 CFR 26.75 - Suspension of recognition obligations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
21 CFR 26.78 - Agreements with other countries.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
21 CFR 26.66 - Designation and listing procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ferguson, J.
1995-09-01
Arising jointly from the National and European Union requirements for more intensive attention to be paid to the environment, the United Kingdom (UK) has taken many strides forward in protecting the environment from pollution and preventing harm to human health arising from the handling, transport and disposal of wastes. Major adjustments are taking place in Europe following the opening up of the Eastern European countries. The consequences of the illegal movement of wastes and its mistreatment and disposal are now recognised within the European Union. The UK as a member State is well aware of the consequences which arise frommore » the lack of proper waste management. This paper discusses waste management and legislation pertaining to waste management in the United Kingdom.« less
-
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Thorne, Ben
The recent progression in hydraulic fracturing or 'fracking' has enabled energy companies to extract once-considered, inaccessible hydrocarbons. The United States has been at the forefront of this controversial industry, revolutionizing the energy market by becoming the world's largest oil and natural gas producer as a result of its vast shale deposits. Shale oil and gas deposits are not unique to North America, however. EU member states are faced with the dilemma of whether to permit fracking domestically or suspend operations. The United Kingdom and Romania have issued concessions for exploring their reserves, while France and Bulgaria have halted all drilling efforts, citing environmental concerns. This paper evaluates why these four European countries pursued divergent fracking policies, arguing that energy security and Russian-relations are more relevant and powerful explanatory factors than a country's commitment to protecting the environment.
-
Wohlers, Anton E
2010-09-01
This paper examines whether national differences in political culture add an explanatory dimension to the formulation of policy in the area of biotechnology, especially with respect to genetically modified food. The analysis links the formulation of protective regulatory policies governing genetically modified food to both country and region-specific differences in uncertainty tolerance levels and risk perceptions in the United States, Canada, and European Union. Based on polling data and document analysis, the findings illustrate that these differences matter. Following a mostly opportunistic risk perception within an environment of high tolerance for uncertainty, policymakers in the United States and Canada modified existing regulatory frameworks that govern genetically modified food in their respective countries. In contrast, the mostly cautious perception of new food technologies and low tolerance for uncertainty among European Union member states has contributed to the creation of elaborate and stringent regulatory policies governing genetically modified food.
-
Usonis, Vytautas; Ivaskevicius, Rimvydas; Diez-Domingo, Javier; Esposito, Susanna; Falup-Pecurariu, Oana G; Finn, Adam; Rodrigues, Fernanda; Spoulou, Vana; Syrogiannopoulos, George A; Greenberg, David
2016-01-01
The aim of this study was to review the current status and usage of guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in European countries and to compare to established guidelines in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and the World Health Organization (WHO). A questionnaire was developed and distributed by the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Paediatric Research Initiative (CAP-PRI) working group and distributed to medical centres across Europe. Out of 19 European centres, 6 (31.6 %) used WHO guidelines (3 in combination with other guidelines), 5 (26.3 %) used national guidelines, and 5 (26.3 %) used local guidelines. Chest radiograph and complete blood count were the most common diagnostic examinations, while evaluation of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests varied significantly. Tachypnoea and chest recession were considered criteria for diagnosis in all three guidelines. In US and UK guidelines blood cultures, atypical bacterial and viral detection tests were recommended. In European centres in outpatient settings, amoxicillin was used in 16 (84 %) centers, clarithromycin in 9 (37 %) centers and azithromycin in 7 (47 %) centers, whereas in hospital settings antibiotic treatment varied widely. Amoxicillin is recommended as the first drug of choice for outpatient treatment in all guidelines. Although local variations in clinical criteria, laboratory tests, and antibiotic resistance rates may necessitate some differences in standard empirical antibiotic regimens, there is considerable scope for standardisation across European centres for the diagnosis and treatment of CAP.
-
Advances in the identification of adulterated cereals and cereal products
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
This book chapter addresses the most common occurrences of adulteration in the cereal grains, the regulations in place by countries (such as the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, and the European Union), and the methodologies by which detection and quantification of the contaminant are ma...
-
Fellner, Lea; Huptas, Christopher; Simon, Svenja; Mühlig, Anna; Scherer, Siegfried; Neuhaus, Klaus
2016-04-07
Escherichia coliO157:H7 EDL933, isolated in 1982 in the United States, was the first enterohemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) strain sequenced. Unfortunately, European labs can no longer receive the original strain. We checked three European EDL933 derivatives and found major genetic deviations (deletions, inversions) in two strains. All EDL933 strains contain the cryptic EHEC-plasmid, not reported before. Copyright © 2016 Fellner et al.
-
2012-06-01
concluding an "agonizing reappraisal" of the future role of research and develop- ment with the issuance of a General Order creating the post of Deputy...utilization of European science. The Command held to the view that any program designed to make use of European science must be directed by an...Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), provided formal notification on 4 February 1952 that the United States Air Force had been designated the executive
-
21 CFR Appendices C-F to Subpart B... - [Reserved
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
21 CFR 26.19 - Information relating to quality aspects.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
21 CFR 26.44 - Transmission of product evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
"Europe/Asia" Regionalism, Higher Education and the Production of World Order
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Robertson, Susan
2008-01-01
From the early 1990s onwards, various European Union (EU) reports have commented on the low level of European exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Asian region, and the invisibility of Europe in the Asian imagination in comparison with the United States. To overcome this problem, a series of policy and programme initiatives have been…
-
The Single European Act for 1992 and U.S. Television Programming.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Noor Al-Deen, Hana S.
Global exports of television programs have been dominated by U.S. companies. Most of their exports are sold to Western European countries. Such a large influx of imports brings with it cultural values that can subvert the indigenous culture and may lead to cultural hegemony. To reach some balance with the United States in the cultural/media…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Qi
2006-01-01
The relations of maternal reminiscing style and child self-concept to children's shared and independent autobiographical memories were examined in a sample of 189 three-year-olds and their mothers from Chinese families in China, first-generation Chinese immigrant families in the United States, and European American families. Mothers shared…
-
European Union's Moratorium Impact on Food Biotechnology: A Discussion-Based Scenario
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Snyder, Lori Unruh; Gallo, Maria; Fulford, Stephen G.; Irani, Tracy; Rudd, Rick; DiFino, Sharon M.; Durham, Timothy C.
2008-01-01
Genetically modified (GM) crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Moench], and canola (Brassica rapa L.) have been widely adopted by American farmers. In spite of their use in the United States, the European Union (EU) imposed a 6-year de facto moratorium (1998-2004) on the cultivation/import of…
-
Hong S. He; Daniel C. Dey; Xiuli Fan; Mevin B. Hooten; John M. Kabrick; Christopher K. Wikle; Zhaofei. Fan
2007-01-01
In the Midwestern United States, the GeneralLandOffice (GLO) survey records provide the only reasonably accurate data source of forest composition and tree species distribution at the time of pre-European settlement (circa late 1800 to early 1850). However, GLO data have two fundamental limitations: coarse spatial resolutions (the square mile section and half mile...
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum cause bleeding cankers that lead to the death of mature European beech in the northeastern United States. Because of the economic value placed on these trees, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two fungicides and a plant growth regulator ...
-
The Bologna Club: What U.S. Higher Education Can Learn from a Decade of European Reconstruction
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Adelman, Clifford
2008-01-01
This report examines the efforts of 46 European nations to harmonize (not "standardize") their higher education systems and indicates that the United States higher education system needs to adopt some of the features of the Bologna Process. Based on what can be learned from the Bologna Process, this report makes concrete suggestions for…
-
The Affordable Care Act and Abortion Comparing the U.S. and Western Europe.
McFarlane, Deborah R
2015-01-01
The 2010 Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) treats abortion differently than any other health service, precluding public funding for abortion and imposing other restrictions on American states. To determine whether the ACA's abortion restrictions are uniquely American or have counterparts in other national health systems, this study employs a cross-sectional design comparing abortion restrictions in the ACA with those in 17 Western European countries. Using a six-item scale, the intensity of abortion restrictions is compared across Western European nations. A similar scale is employed for a five-state sample of state-level abortion restrictions. Although the United States is not alone in having abortion restrictions, how abortion is proscribed in the ACA has no counterpart in Western Europe. Unlike many Western European countries, the ACA's restrictions focus on abortion funding, not the length of gestation or the health of the pregnant woman.
-
Philipson, Tomas; Eber, Michael; Lakdawalla, Darius N; Corral, Mitra; Conti, Rena; Goldman, Dana P
2012-04-01
The United States spends more on health care than other developed countries, but some argue that US patients do not derive sufficient benefit from this extra spending. We studied whether higher US cancer care costs, compared with those of ten European countries, were "worth it" by looking at the survival differences for cancer patients in these countries compared to the relative costs of cancer care. We found that US cancer patients experienced greater survival gains than their European counterparts; even after considering higher US costs, this investment generated $598 billion of additional value for US patients who were diagnosed with cancer between 1983 and 1999. The value of that additional survival gain was highest for prostate cancer patients ($627 billion) and breast cancer patients ($173 billion). These findings do not appear to have been driven solely by earlier diagnosis. Our study suggests that the higher-cost US system of cancer care delivery may be worth it, although further research is required to determine what specific tools or treatments are driving improved cancer survival in the United States.
-
21 CFR 26.12 - Nature of recognition of inspection reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
1987-12-31
inconsistent with Japan’s declared policy of opening up her markets. JPRS-CAR-87-061 31 December 1987 28 ECONOMIC 2. The "three lows "— low oil prices, the...intermediate- range warheads in Soviet Asia and the United States, respectively. But the United States and some Western European nations soon demanded...Union insisted on keeping 100 intermediate- range guided missiles in Asia while balking at the U.S. demand that it be allowed to deploy an equal
-
Improvement of Pediatric Drug Development: Regulatory and Practical Frameworks.
Tsukamoto, Katusra; Carroll, Kelly A; Onishi, Taku; Matsumaru, Naoki; Brasseur, Daniel; Nakamura, Hidefumi
2016-03-01
A dearth in pediatric drug development often leaves pediatricians with no alternative but to prescribe unlicensed or off-label drugs with a resultant increased risk of adverse events. We present the current status of pediatric drug development and, based on our data analysis, clarify the problems in this area. Further action is proposed to improve the drug development that has pediatric therapeutic orphan status. We analyzed all Phase II/III and Phase III trials in ClinicalTrials.gov that only included pediatric participants (<18 years old) between 2006 and 2014. Performance index, an indicator of pediatric drug development, was calculated by dividing the annual number of pediatric clinical trials by million pediatric populations acquired from Census.gov. Effects of the 2 Japanese premiums introduced in 2010, for the enhancement of pediatric drug development, were analyzed by comparing mean performance index prepremiums (2006-2009) and postpremiums (2010-2014) among Japan, the European Union, and the United States. The European Union Clinical Trials Register and published reports from the European Medicines Agency were also surveyed to investigate the Paediatric Committee effect on pediatric clinical trials in the European Union. Mean difference of the performance index in prepremiums and postpremiums between Japan and the European Union were 0.296 (P < 0.001) and 0.066 (P = 0.498), respectively. Those between Japan and the United States were 0.560 (P < 0.001) and 0.281 (P = 0.002), indicating that pediatric drug development in Japan was more active after the introduction of these premiums, even reaching the level of the European Union. The Pediatric Regulation and the Paediatric Committee promoted pediatric drug development in the European Union. The registered number of clinical trials that includes at least 1 participants <18 years old in the European Union Clinical Trials Register increased by 247 trials (from 672) in the 1000 days after regulation. The ratio of pediatric clinical trials with an approved Paediatric Investigation Plan increased to >15% after 2008. Recruitment and ethical obstacles make conducting pediatric clinical trials challenging. An improved operational framework for conducting clinical trials should mirror the ever-improving regulatory framework that incentivizes investment in pediatric clinical trials. Technological approaches, enhancements in electronic medical record systems, and community approaches that actively incorporate input from physicians, researchers, and patients could offer a sustainable solution to recruitment of pediatric study participants. The key therefore is to improve pediatric pharmacotherapy collaboration among industry, government, academia, and community. Expanding the regulatory steps taken in the European Union, United States, and Japan and using innovative clinical trial tools can move pediatric pharmacotherapy out of its current therapeutic orphan state. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
-
21 CFR Appendix B to Subpart A of... - List of Authorities
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
Mulinari, Shai; Davis, Courtney
2017-11-09
Relenza represents the first neuraminidase inhibitor (NI), a class of drugs that also includes the drug Tamiflu. Although heralded as breakthrough treatments in influenza, NI efficacy has remained highly controversial. A key unsettled question is why the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more cautious efficacy statements in labelling than European regulators for both drugs. We conducted a qualitative analysis of United States and European Union regulatory appraisals for Relenza to investigate the reasons for divergent regulatory interpretations, pertaining to Relenza's capacity to alleviate symptoms and reduce frequency of complications of influenza. In Europe, Relenza was evaluated via the so-called national procedure with Sweden as the reference country. We show that FDA reviewers, unlike their European (i.e. Swedish) counterpart, (1) rejected the manufacturer's insistence on pooling efficacy data, (2) remained wary of subgroup analyses, and (3) insisted on stringent statistical analyses. These differences meant that the FDA was less likely to depart from prevailing regulatory and scientific standards in interpreting trial results. We argue that the differences are explained largely by divergent institutionalised review methodologies, i.e. the European regulator's reliance on manufacturer-compiled summaries compared to the FDA's examination of original data and documentation from trials. The FDA's more probing and meticulous evaluative methodology allowed its reviewers to develop 'deep' knowledge concerning the clinical and statistical facets of trials, and more informed opinions regarding suitable methods for analysing trial results. These findings challenge the current emphasis on evaluating regulatory performance mainly in terms of speed of review. We propose that persistent uncertainty and knowledge deficits regarding NIs could have been ameliorated had regulators engaged in the public debates over the drugs' efficacy and explained their contrasting methodologies and judgments. Regulators use major resources to evaluate drugs, but if regulators' assessments are not effectively disseminated and used, resources are used inefficiently.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Matiash, Ludmila
2007-01-01
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Ukraine and other Newly Independent States were invaded by armies of consultants from Western donor organizations. Development agencies like the World Bank, the United States Agency for International Development, Tacis, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the…
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2012-10-01
The United States and European Union (EU) share many of the same transportation research issues, challenges, and goals. They also share a belief that cooperative vehicle (also termed connected vehicle) systems, based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle...
-
Integrated Services Digital Networks: Concepts, Policies, and Emerging Issues.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wigand, Rolf T.
1988-01-01
Describes the nature and operations of Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN). Argues that while Western European nations have advanced centralized planning for the introduction of ISDN, the United States is proceeding slowly because of a lack of universal standards and the state of deregulatory policy. (MM)
-
[Active euthanasia in Colombia and assisted suicide in California].
Julesz, Máté
2016-01-31
The institution of active euthanasia has been legal in Colombia since 2015. In California, the regulation on physician-assisted suicide will come into effect on January 1, 2016. The legal institution of active euthanasia is not accepted under the law of the United States of America, however, physician-assisted suicide is accepted in an increasing number of member states. The related regulation in Oregon is imitated in other member states. In South America, Colombia is not the first country to legalize active euthanasia: active euthanasia has been legal in Uruguay since 1932. The North American legal tradition markedly differs from the South American one and both are incompatible with the Central European rule of law. In Hungary and in most European Union countries, solely the passive form of euthanasia is legal. In the Benelux countries, the active form of euthanasia is legal because the supranational law of the European Union does not prohibit it. Notwithstanding, European Union law does not prescribe legalization of either the active form of euthanasia, or the physician-assisted suicide.
-
Race and Reason: A Comparison of Racial Attitudes in the United States and Brazil.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Forgione, Pascal D.; And Others
This teacher's guide for use at the secondary level, although it has not yet undergone classroom trial, is recommended for inclusion in U.S. History, World History, Modern European History, or as a unit in Problems of Democracy. The primary objective of the unit is to demonstrate that the key to understanding present racial attitudes in Brazil and…
-
7 CFR 51.895 - Shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or... more than slight wrinkling of the skin surrounding the capstem. [36 FR 9126, May 20, 1971. Redesignated...
-
7 CFR 51.895 - Shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or... more than slight wrinkling of the skin surrounding the capstem. [36 FR 9126, May 20, 1971. Redesignated...
-
National Innovation and the Academic Research Enterprise: Public Policy in Global Perspective
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dill, David D., Ed.; van Vught, Frans A., Ed.
2010-01-01
This volume analyzes the impact of public policy on the knowledge economies and higher education systems of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, including Australia, Canada, Japan, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as the overall European Union. Given that…
-
Bioterrorism Countermeasure Development: Issues in Patents and Homeland Security
2006-11-27
314.108(a) 62 See Upjohn Co. v. Kessler, 938 F. Supp. 439 (W.D. Mich. 1996). 63 See Valerie Junod , “Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United...the competitor’s application. See Valerie Junod , Drug Marketing Exclusivity Under United States and European Union Law, 59 FOOD & DRUG L.J., 2004, 479
-
Ecological and ecophysiological attributes and responses to fire in eastern oak forests
Marc D. Abrams
2006-01-01
Prior to European settlement vast areas of the eastern U. S. deciduous forest were dominated by oak species. Evidence indicates that periodic understory fire was an important ecological factor in the historical development of oak forests. During European settlement of the late 19th and early 20th century, much of the Eastern United States was impacted by land clearing...
-
Growth and Survival of Hardwoods and Pine Interplanted with European Alder
William T. Plass
1977-01-01
European black alder is recommended for planting on many surface mine spoils in the eastern United States. It grows rapidly on a range of spoil types and contributes to soil enrichment by fixing nitrogen and providing a leaf fall rich in nutrients. This study evaluated the effect of alder on the survival and growth of five hardwood and five pine species. After 10...
-
[Contribution of the US Army Nurse Corps to the First World War].
Vane, Elizabeth A P; Marble, Sanders
2014-06-01
A number of American nurses, on an individual basis, gave their assistance to European countries as soon as war was declared, in 1914. In 1917, when the United States entered the war, nurses from the American army arrived on the European continent before the troops. They made a major contribution to the conflict, as testified by the numerous medals they were awarded.
-
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Zbidi, Karim
2003-01-01
Since the lst of April 1997 date of the implementation of the third package of the liberalization, air transport, within the european Union has become totally liberalized. In the United States the deregulation of domestic air traffic was earlier and faster since it took place in October 1978 after the adoption of the only act of deregulation. This paper, in its first part, deals with the liberalization of the industry of air traffic in the european union. After a comparison with US system based on market demand, fare policy and network restrictions, we present our descriptive results coming from treatments on the OAG data. These results present several aspects such as the evolution of the competitive structure of the intra-european routes, the level of airport dominance and the growth of hub structure. The second part of the paper presents models of entry in the airline industry. As profitability" of route flown explains correctly decisions taken by airlines to serve or not a route, the paper focuses on the specification and the estimation of the determinants of city, pair profitability in the european union. Treatments done on the OAG data show a rapid development of leasing space agreement (partial and total) and code sharing practices between 1995 and 2000 in Europe that's why we differentiate first between the two type of competitive strategy of entry(direct entry and leasing space agreement) and second between the competitive strategy of entry and the alliance strategy of code sharing. So the estimation of model will be able to answer the question if the european air transport market is contestable and in case not to see if the decision of entry is more directed by the level of airport dominance (as in the domestic United States market)or essentially by the competitive structure of the routes. We try to explain the nature of entry(directleasing or code sharing) by the different levels of these two determinants.
-
Wittmann, Tibor; Stockbrugger, Reinhold; Herszényi, László; Jonkers, Daisy; Molnár, Béla; Saurin, Jean-Christophe; Regula, Jaroslaw; Malesci, Alberto; Laghi, Luigi; Pintér, Tamás; Teleky, Béla; Dítě, Petr; Tulassay, Zsolt
2012-01-01
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of death in the European Union (EU). CRC is an enormous health and economic burden. Early detection and prevention have the possibility of reducing this burden significantly. Many cancer-associated deaths can be avoided through early detection by high-quality colorectal screening programs followed by appropriate treatment. Under the auspices of the United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEGF), the European Association for Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, the Hungarian Society of Gastroenterology and the Hungarian College of Gastroenterology, the 'Budapest Declaration' (2011) was an accepted official scientific program during the Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The Budapest Declaration follows the Munich Declaration (2001), the Brussels Declaration (2007), the Transatlantic Declaration (2009), the Barcelona Declaration (2010), the written declaration of CRC screening, a joint initiative with European Parliamentarians coordinated by the UEGF, and finally, the 'European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis'. The 'Budapest Declaration' together with previous declarations aims to urge the national and supranational healthcare decision makers to launch new Europe-wide initiatives to establish high-quality CRC programs to achieve optimal efficiency in CRC screening. In case of implementation of the proposals, actions and conditions recommended, we can achieve that one of the basic principles of the EU - the chance of equal access - be realized in member states with respect to the prevention of CRC and reduction of cancer-related mortality. To better achieve this goal, we propose to establish an UEGF joint committee, with one participant representing each EU member state to coordinate and supervise the implementation of CRC screening. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.
-
Patenting the Life Sciences at the European Patent Office
Gates, Christina
2014-01-01
The European patent system is very much like those of the United States and other major countries. Patent applications can be filed as a first filing, as a priority application, or as a national phase of a Patent Cooperation Treaty application. The applications are searched, rigorously examined, and ultimately granted, with the time periods varying somewhat depending on the application type. The object of this article is to highlight some of the differences between the U.S. and European systems, particularly as they relate to life sciences. PMID:25342060
-
7 CFR 51.909 - Materially shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.909 Materially shriveled at capstem. Materially shriveled at capstem means that the skin of the berry...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1... berries are low in sugar content, have tender skins, and are easily crushed. This is an advanced or more...
-
7 CFR 51.909 - Materially shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.909 Materially shriveled at capstem. Materially shriveled at capstem means that the skin of the berry...
-
7 CFR 51.909 - Materially shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.909 Materially shriveled at capstem. Materially shriveled at capstem means that the skin of the berry...
-
7 CFR 51.909 - Materially shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or... means that the skin of the berry is definitely wrinkled adjacent to the capstem and the surface is...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 Decay. Decay means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1... berries are low in sugar content, have tender skins, and are easily crushed. This is an advanced or more...
-
7 CFR 51.909 - Materially shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or... means that the skin of the berry is definitely wrinkled adjacent to the capstem and the surface is...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 Decay. Decay means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from...
-
Iridology: not useful and potentially harmful.
Ernst, E
2000-01-01
More than 1,000 licensed naturopathic physicians practice in the United States, and iridology is being described as "the most valuable diagnostic tool of the naturopath." Some therapists are using iridology as a basis for recommending dietary supplements and/or herbs. Several US iridologist organizations exist: the National Iridology Research Association is an iridologists' service organization, the International Association of Iridologists is the leading organization for European-style iridology and runs training programs (minimum of 72 hours in class), and the Bastyr Naturopathic College in Seattle, Wash, has an elective course on iridology (J. Colton, e-mail communication, December 2, 1998). In the United States, insurance programs do not normally cover iridology, but in some European countries, they do. In Germany, for instance, 80% of the Heilpraktiker (nonmedically qualified health practitioners) practice iridology. Ophthalmologists may therefore ask what is iridology and how valuable is it?
-
Davey, Sonya; Davey, Neil; Gu, Qian; Xu, Na; Vatsa, Rajet; Devalaraja, Samir; Harris, Paul; Gannavaram, Sreenivas; Dave, Raj; Chakrabarty, Ananda
2015-01-01
The patent eligibility of stem cells-particularly those derived from human embryos-has long been under debate in both the scientific and legal communities. On the basis of moral grounds, the European Patent Office (EPO) has refrained from granting patents for stem cells obtained through the destruction of human embryos. On the contrary, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has historically granted patents regarding the isolation and use of human embryonic and other stem cells. To date, these US patents remain valid despite an increasing onslaught of challenges in court. However, recent precedents established in US courts significantly narrow the scope of patent eligibility within biotechnology. This article compares the implications of recent legal changes on stem cell patent eligibility between the EU and US.
-
Gitter, D M
2001-12-01
The thought of a large biotech company holding an exclusive right to research and manipulate human genetic material provokes many reactions--from moral revulsion to enthusiasm about the possibilities for therapeutic advancement. While most agree that such a right must exist, debate continues over the appropriate extent of its entitlements and preclusive effects. In this Article, Professor Donna Gitter addresses this multidimensional problem of patents on human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in the United States and the European Union. Professor Gitter chronicles not only the development of the law in this area, but also the array of policy and moral arguments that proponents and detractors of such patents raise. She emphasizes the specific issue of patents on DNA sequences whose function has not fully been identified, and the chilling effect these patents may have on beneficial research. From this discussion emerges a troubling realization: While the legal framework governing "life patents" may be similar in the United States and the European Union, the public perceptions and attitudes toward them are not. Professor Gitter thus proposes a dual reform: a compulsory licensing regime requiring holders of DNA sequence patents to license them to commercial researchers, in return for a royalty keyed to the financial success of the product that the licensee develops; and an experimental-use exemption from this regime for government and nonprofit researchers.
-
A survey on characteristics of Japanese academic job market and evaluation.
Domon, Koji; Kitamura, Yoshihiro
2015-02-01
During the Meiji era, at the end of the 19th century, Japan introduced western systems into many fields, economically developing later than other industrially developed countries. Japan introduced a higher education system modeled on the German system, focusing not on education but on research. The historical background has shaped contemporary Japanese academia differently from that of the United States and the European Union. In addition, because of geographical and linguistic barriers in Asia, intercommunication with researchers in other developed countries has been much less than that between the United States and the European Union, leaving Japanese academia relatively isolated. We survey the characteristics of the Japanese academic system in higher education, using the latest published data. This article indicates a concentration of research at former imperial universities and a rigidity of movement among universities both internationally and domestically. Furthermore, small differences in salary levels have provided little incentive to perform research. However, while most universities in Japan have not introduced evaluation systems for promotion and salary that are heavily dependent on journal rankings, as in the European Union and United States, Japanese academic performance has not declined. This article suggests that in Japan, salary incentives, the impact factor, and so on have had little influence on academic performance. Even though cultural and historical differences between countries affect academic behaviors, we hope that this article might trigger consideration of other possible evaluation schemes for the future. © The Author(s) 2015.
-
Wang, Steven Q; Xu, Haoming; Stanfield, Joseph W; Osterwalder, Uli; Herzog, Bernd
2017-07-01
The importance of adequate ultraviolet A light (UVA) protection has become apparent in recent years. The United States and Europe have different standards for assessing UVA protection in sunscreen products. We sought to measure the in vitro critical wavelength (CW) and UVA protection factor (PF) of commercially available US sunscreen products and see if they meet standards set by the United States and the European Union. Twenty sunscreen products with sun protection factors ranging from 15 to 100+ were analyzed. Two in vitro UVA protection tests were conducted in accordance with the 2011 US Food and Drug Administration final rule and the 2012 International Organization for Standardization method for sunscreen effectiveness testing. The CW of the tested sunscreens ranged from 367 to 382 nm, and the UVA PF of the products ranged from 6.1 to 32. Nineteen of 20 sunscreens (95%) met the US requirement of CW >370 nm. Eleven of 20 sunscreens (55%) met the EU desired ratio of UVA PF/SPF > 1:3. The study only evaluated a small number of sunscreen products. The majority of tested sunscreens offered adequate UVA protection according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for broad-spectrum status, but almost half of the sunscreens tested did not pass standards set in the European Union. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.
-
Hallett, Christine; Wagner, Lis
2011-12-01
Promoting the health of Europeans in a rapidly changing world: a historical study of the implementation of World Health Organisation policies by the Nursing and Midwifery Unit, European Regional Office, 1970-2003 The World Health Organisation (WHO) was inaugurated in 1948. Formed in a period of post-war devastation, WHO aimed to develop and meet goals that would rebuild the health of shattered populations. The historical study reported here examined the work of the Nursing and Midwifery Unit (NMU) of WHO's European Regional Office during the later part of the twentieth century. The study examined archive sources lodged at the NMU archive. The sources included manuscripts relating to important NMU initiatives, reports and papers published by WHO, and a range of secondary sources. The study identified three main driving forces in the work of the NMU of the European Regional Office of WHO. One of the strongest of these was a drive to develop and promote the nursing profession within the countries of the European Region. The second was the promulgation and implementation of the positive public health strategies of WHO, particularly its '38 Targets for Health for All by the Year 2000'. The third focussed on securing equity across the European continent and on promoting the development of the nursing professions in poorer and less-developed countries. The study concludes that the nursing professions in European states grew in strength and influence, and that the health of populations improved throughout the continent between 1970 and 2003. It discusses the extent to which the role of the NMU in these advances may have been significant. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
-
The United Nations Human Rights Council: Issues for Congress
2007-07-25
as follows: 15 members from African states; 12 from Asian states; five from Eastern European states; 11 from Latin America and Caribbean states; and...Jayathilake of Sri Lanka, and Van Eenennaaam of the Netherlands. Eastern Europe states; eight from Latin America and the Caribbean states; and seven from...number of countries as there were seats available.41 In the weeks CRS-12 41 (...continued) and Nicaragua in the Latin American and Caribbean group (two
-
A patient mobility framework that travels: European and United States-Mexican comparisons.
Laugesen, Miriam J; Vargas-Bustamante, Arturo
2010-10-01
To develop a framework that parsimoniously explains divergent patient mobility in the United States and Europe. Review of studies of patient mobility; data from the 2007 Flash Eurobarometer and the 2001 California Health Interview Survey was analyzed; and we reviewed government policies and documents in the United States and Europe. Four types of patient mobility are defined: primary, complementary, duplicative, and institutionalized. Primary exit occurs when people without comprehensive insurance travel because they cannot afford to pay for health insurance or directly finance care, as in the United States and Mexico. Second, people will exit to buy complementary services not covered, or partially covered by domestic health insurance, in both the United States and Europe. Third, in Europe, patient mobility for duplicative services provides faster or better quality treatment. Finally, governments and insurers can encourage institutionalized exit through expanded delivery options and financing. Institutionalized exit is developing in Europe, but uncoordinated and geographically limited in the United States. This parsimonious framework explains patient mobility by considering domestic health system characteristics relating to cost and quality. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
2007-04-01
some of their data, others employ different techniques. United States defense contractor Lockheed Martin developed an anti-jam GPS receiver in 2000 for...Europe in a New Generation of Satellite Navigation Services,” European Commission (9 Feb 1999): 16. 25. Ibid. 26. Anne Jolis , “Problems Run Rampant...European Outer Space,” Euro Topics (19 March 2007), found at http://www.eurotopics.net/en/presseschau/archiv/archiv_dossier/DOSSIER15435. 40. Jolis
-
The incidence of urea cycle disorders.
Summar, Marshall L; Koelker, Stefan; Freedenberg, Debra; Le Mons, Cynthia; Haberle, Johannes; Lee, Hye-Seung; Kirmse, Brian
2013-01-01
A key question for urea cycle disorders is their incidence. In the United States two UCDs, argininosuccinic synthetase and lyase deficiency, are currently detected by newborn screening. We used newborn screening data on over 6million births and data from the large US and European longitudinal registries to determine how common these conditions are. The incidence for the United States is predicted to be 1 urea cycle disorder patient for every 35,000 births presenting about 113 new patients per year across all age groups. © 2013.
-
The EU Arms Embargo on China, from 2001 to the Present: Implications for the United States
2008-06-01
navigation, tourism , and a “new mechanism for industrial policy dialogue.” In January 2004 China and France agreed to a “joint declaration to deepen...claim to contribute materially to the key defense issues in the region.”15 Second, European defense industries lack the massive domestic sales of...interests that lies at the heart of United States laws for transatlantic defense cooperation at both the governmental and industrial levels and would
-
75 FR 69080 - Federal Travel Regulation (FTR)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-10
... GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Federal Travel Regulation (FTR) Fly America Act; United States and European Union ``Open Skies'' Air Transport Agreement (US-EU Open Skies Agreement) AGENCY: Office of Governmentwide Policy, General Services Administration (GSA). [[Page 69081
-
United States - Japan - European Union probe data.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2014-01-01
The U.S., Japan, and Europe have a long history of sharing information on ITS activities. These efforts include both bilateral and trilateral relationships. International coordination is underway in several areas, including: 1. International Standard...
-
7 CFR 51.895 - Shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... of the skin surrounding the capstem. [36 FR 9126, May 20, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27...
-
7 CFR 51.895 - Shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... of the skin surrounding the capstem. [36 FR 9126, May 20, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27...
-
7 CFR 51.895 - Shriveled at capstem.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... of the skin surrounding the capstem. [36 FR 9126, May 20, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27...
-
7 CFR 51.891 - Uniform in appearance.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... appearance of the contents of the individual container, and that the stems are well developed and strong. [36...
-
7 CFR 51.891 - Uniform in appearance.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... appearance of the contents of the individual container, and that the stems are well developed and strong. [36...
-
7 CFR 51.891 - Uniform in appearance.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51... appearance of the contents of the individual container, and that the stems are well developed and strong. [36...
-
Lucey, C
2006-11-01
This article briefly recounts the 21st July 2005, Blood Products Advisory Committee (BPAC) meeting concerning recommendations for management of donors and units testing positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The author attended the meeting. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) web site was used for meeting materials, and handouts were collected at the meeting to provide narrative information. Two European experts assisted with HBV subject matter. The proceedings of the advisory committee, the issue briefing materials, and testing algorithms are presented. BPAC voted concurrence with the FDA algorithm for Management of Donors and Units Testing Positive for Hepatitis B Virus DNA.
-
The Regulatory Framework for Privacy and Security
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hiller, Janine S.
The internet enables the easy collection of massive amounts of personally identifiable information. Unregulated data collection causes distrust and conflicts with widely accepted principles of privacy. The regulatory framework in the United States for ensuring privacy and security in the online environment consists of federal, state, and self-regulatory elements. New laws have been passed to address technological and internet practices that conflict with privacy protecting policies. The United States and the European Union approaches to privacy differ significantly, and the global internet environment will likely cause regulators to face the challenge of balancing privacy interests with data collection for many years to come.
-
The politics of health care reforms in U.S. presidential elections.
Navarro, Vicente
2008-01-01
This article analyzes why people in the United States have major problems in accessing medical care that are due to financial constraints. The author suggests that the cause of these problems is the way in which medical care and elections are funded in the United States, with private sources being the largest component in the funding of both activities. The article includes a comparison of funding of the electoral process in the United States with similar electoral processes in the countries of the European Union, and postulates that privatization of the funding of U.S. elections (primary and general) is responsible for privatization of the funding of medical care-the root of people's problem in paying for their medical care. Privatization of election funding gives undue power to the economic, financial, and professional groups that dominate medicine in the United States.
-
Special Issue (25): International Perspectives on the Curriculum.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chitty, Clyde, Ed.; And Others
1993-01-01
Includes "Introduction" (Chitty); "Political Parties, Ideology, and National Curriculum" (Lawton); "First Three National Curricula and Millenium" (Graham); "Politics of Curriculum in European Perspective" (McLean); "Curriculum Scene in the United States" (Holt); "Similar but Different"…
-
Productivity Problem in United States Shipbuilding
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1984-12-01
U.S. shipbuilding productivity is significantly less than that of Japan and some European countries. The traditional view has either minimized the importance of the difference in productivity between U.S. and the best foreign shipyards, or focused on...
-
Alternative jet fuel scenario analysis report
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2012-11-30
This analysis presents a bottom up projection of the potential production of alternative aviation (jet) fuels in North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) and the European Union in the next decade. The analysis is based on available pla...
-
We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimizeammonia (NH3+4 wet deposition fluxes. Optimized emissions are derive...
-
The future of meat: a qualitative analysis of cultured meat media coverage.
Goodwin, J N; Shoulders, C W
2013-11-01
This study sought to explore the informational themes and information sources cited by the media to cover stories of cultured meat in both the United States and the European Union. The results indicated that cultured meat news articles in both the United States and the European Union commonly discuss cultured meat in terms of benefits, history, process, time, livestock production problems, and skepticism. Additionally, the information sources commonly cited in the articles included cultured meat researchers, sources from academia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), New Harvest, Winston Churchill, restaurant owners/chefs, and sources from the opposing countries (e.g. US use some EU sources and vice versa). The implications of this study will allow meat scientists to understand how the media is influencing consumers' perceptions about the topic, and also allow them to strategize how to shape future communication about cultured meat. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
-
Manski, Richard; Moeller, John; Chen, Haiyan; Widström, Eeva; Lee, Jinkook; Listl, Stefan
2014-01-01
Background Insurance against the cost risks associated with prevention and treatment of oral diseases can reduce inequalities in dental care use and oral health. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of variation in dental insurance coverage for older adult populations within and between the United States and various European countries. Method The analyses relied on 2006/2007 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and 2004-2006 data from of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States for respondents aged 51 years and older. A series of logistic regression models was estimated to identify disparities in dental coverage. Results The highest extent of significant insurance differences between various population subgroups was found for the United States. In comparison with countries belonging to the Eastern and Southern welfare state regimes, a lower number of significant coverage differences occurred for Scandinavian countries. Countries categorized as having comprehensive public insurance coverage showed a tendency towards less insurance variation within their populations than countries categorized as not having comprehensive public coverage, exceptions being Poland and Switzerland. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that significant variations in dental coverage exist within all elderly populations examined and the extent of inequalities also differs between countries. By and large, the observed variations corroborate the perception that population dental coverage is more equally distributed under public subsidy. This could be relevant information for decision makers who seek to improve policies towards more equitable dental coverage. PMID:25363376
-
The Global Financial Crisis: Foreign and Trade Policy Effects
2009-04-07
Chinese financial interests Additional pressures on European unity and policy discord between the United States and Germany /France Economic and...questioning of the Western economic model of deregulated , market-based decisionmaking Risk of rising trade protectionism and intensified anti...South Korea Philippines India Italy Canada Sudan Brazil China Israel United Kingdom France Taiwan Indonesia Germany Hungary Nigeria Latv ia Mexico
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lockwood, G.; Prosser, E.
Trends in university management in Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom were studied as part of a larger study of European universities. The survey instrument collected information on basic facts on the institution, the organizational system, the decision-making system, the administrative structure, management techniques and…
-
Patenting the life sciences at the European Patent Office.
Gates, Christina
2014-10-23
The European patent system is very much like those of the United States and other major countries. Patent applications can be filed as a first filing, as a priority application, or as a national phase of a Patent Cooperation Treaty application. The applications are searched, rigorously examined, and ultimately granted, with the time periods varying somewhat depending on the application type. The object of this article is to highlight some of the differences between the U.S. and European systems, particularly as they relate to life sciences. Copyright © 2014 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.
-
Institutional resources for communicable disease control in Europe: diversity across time and place.
Mätzke, Margitta
2012-12-01
This commentary discusses the causes and consequences of diversity in how European countries organize communicable disease control. Drawing on the historical record of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it first reviews the main explanations of that diversity, with a focus on the political dynamic of building institutional capacity in the field of public health. It then examines the significance of institutional diversity in the process of Europeanization, and closes with a few thoughts on factors that have shaped the development of communicable disease control capacities in the United States and the European Union.
-
Europe’s Future Security Architecture: Building on the Past or a New Edifice?
1991-03-27
existence, the IEPG served as c alking shop for armament officials" from all European NATO member states except Iceland, which has no military or arms... OECD ) and the GATT talks. Every effort should be made in this diplomatic arena but in the end, in the event diplomacy fails, the United States should
-
Economic Hardship and Depression across the Life Course: The Impact of Welfare State Regimes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Levecque, Katia; Van Rossem, Ronan; De Boyser, Katrien; Van de Velde, Sarah; Bracke, Piet
2011-01-01
Previous research in the United States suggests that depression related to economic hardship decreases with age. We test whether this pattern can be generalized to other developed nations. Based on data from 23 countries in the European Social Survey (2006-2007), multilevel analyses show that the moderating role of age depends on the…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Crown wart has been found widely distributed in Australia, New Zealand, and European countries. It has been recorded sporadically in India (Punjab), South Africa, South America (Ecuador, Chile, Peru), Panama, Mexico, and Canada (British Columbia). In the United States, it has been found more frequ...
-
DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF AMMONIA EMISSION FACTORS
This report compiles recent literature on ammonia (NH') emission factors for application in the United States. ost of the recent research supports acid deposition studies in the European community (specifically, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Scandinavia) but some research h...
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2011-01-01
To support improved analysis of the environmental impacts of proposed global aircraft operational changes, the United States Federal Aviation Administration recently worked : with European academic partners to update the airport terminal area fuel co...
-
Manski, Richard; Moeller, John; Chen, Haiyan; Widström, Eeva; Listl, Stefan
2017-01-01
Background The current study addresses the extent to which diversity exists in dental out-of-pocket payments across population subgroups within and between the United States and selected European countries. This represents the final paper in a series in which the previous 2 papers addressed diversity in dental coverage and dental utilization, respectively, using similar data and methods. Method We use 2006/2007 HRS and 2004-2006 SHARE data for respondents aged 51 years and older. We estimated the impacts of dental care coverage and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status on the likelihood and amount of dental out of pocket payments. Results Our findings show that older persons with the least education, lowest income, and worst health are most likely to pay nothing out of pocket (OOP) for their dental care and for persons with a payment OOP increase with income and education and are greater for persons who are uninsured, and in fair or poor health. These results were found in the USA but were not consistently found in the 10 European countries we studied. Conclusions European countries classified by social welfare state or presence of social health insurance (SHI) had no effect on the likelihood of making payments out of pocket for dental care nor, when OOP payments were made, on the amounts paid. Variation in generosity of coverage and procedures reimbursed by insurance, even within SHI countries, as well as differing needs, tastes and access to care across countries, contribute to this finding. PMID:28213893
-
Europe, the United States, and the International Criminal Court
2003-06-01
assumed this task and committed itself to help free peoples in their fight against Communism. The Truman Doctrine meant a turning point in the...Europeans as “ free -riders” under the U.S. security umbrella, while Europeans viewed Americans as using Europe as a means of defending itself against...knuckles, the EU made a few cosmetic changes in its regulations and content to drag out if not defy the process. The U.S. in return threatened
-
Segmented socioeconomic adaptation of New Eastern European professionals in the United States.
Michalikova, Nina
2018-01-01
This study examines the socioeconomic adaptation of post-1991 Eastern European professionals in the United States. The data were obtained from the pooled 2006-2010 American Community Surveys. The analysis includes recent immigrants between ages of 25-65 who have at least an associate's degree. Skilled immigrants in professional or managerial occupations are compared with non-professionals or managers to examine and compare socioeconomic outcomes. The findings presented in this study support the segmented assimilation theory and reveal cross-group and cross-country disparities in socioeconomic adaptation. Despite the high amount of human capital, Eastern European skilled immigrants tend to have a lower share of professionals and managers than other groups. Their average income is lower than the income of some other groups in the analysis, especially immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, suggesting these immigrants experience difficulties in transferring human capital. Among the three largest Eastern European groups - Russia, Ukraine, and Poland - there is a clear hierarchy in socioeconomic status with Russian professionals having the highest educational attainment and income, followed by immigrants from Ukraine and Poland. Results also revealed gender differences in socioeconomic adaptation. Women from Eastern Europe are highly professional, but they tend to be concentrated in different occupations than men, leading to a significant gender-wage gap. The effect of selected individual and country-level characteristics on skilled immigrants' socioeconomic adaptation is discussed.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
World Health Organization, Copenhagen (Denmark). Regional Office for Europe.
Reflecting worldwide concern over the spread of the AIDS epidemic, the Sexuality and Family Planning Unit of the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe brought advisors from seven European countries and the United States together to engage in a discussion of AIDS and the newborn, and that consultation forms the basis of this…
-
Renewed Interest in Apprenticeship.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Young, Darius R.; Gauss, Patricia A.
1994-01-01
Describes Alberta's registered apprenticeship plan (RAP), a three-year program in which students spend part of their time in school and part in industry as a registered apprenticeship. Compares RAP to the federal youth apprenticeship proposed in the United States and the European model. (JOW)
-
Yearbook of Correctional Education, 1998-1999.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karcz, Stan A., Ed.; Wilderson, Frank B., Jr., Ed.
This document contains five monographs on correctional education in the United States and internationally. "Towards a Renaissance of Prison Education: International Preconference Symposium" (Carolyn Eggleston, Alice Tracy) reports on a joint symposium of the Correctional Education Association and the European Prison Education Association…
-
21 CFR 26.38 - Other transition period activities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... present in quality system and product evaluation reports. (b) The parties will jointly develop a...
-
21 CFR 26.40 - Start of the operational period.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... to quality system evaluation reports and product evaluation reports generated by CAB's listed in...
-
21 CFR 26.37 - Confidence building activities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... assessment bodies (CAB's) to perform quality system or product evaluations to the specifications of the...
-
Seedbank dynamics of two swallowwort (Vincetoxicum) species
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Pale swallowwort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) and black swallowwort (V. nigrum; Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) are European viny milkweeds that have become invasive in many habitats in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. A multi-year seed bank study was initiated in fall 201...
-
21 CFR 26.38 - Other transition period activities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... present in quality system and product evaluation reports. (b) The parties will jointly develop a...
-
76 FR 37343 - Proposed Subsequent Arrangement
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-27
... International Security, National Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Energy. ACTION: Proposed... arrangement under the Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Civil Uses of Nuclear Energy Between the Government... Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Between the United States of America and the European Atomic Energy...
-
United States-European Commission Urban Freight Twinning Initiative: Compendium of Project Summaries
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2017-09-01
This compendium is comprised of 33 brief summaries of urban freight initiatives that include research projects, plans, pilot demonstrations, and other efforts. These initiatives were presented at a roundtable discussion that was part of the 2017 Annu...
-
Hori, Hajime
2013-10-01
In Japan, working environment measurement is prescribed in the designated workplaces using hazardous materials. Measurements should be carried out periodically and countermeasures are performed depending on the results. By introducing such a system, working environments have remarkably improved. However, in the designated workplaces, measurements should be continued even in work environments found safe. On the other hand, measurement need not be obliged for non-designated workplaces even if hazardous materials are utilized.In the United States of America and many European countries, work environment management and work management are carried out by measuring personal exposure concentrations. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is now discussing the introduction of personal exposure monitoring. However, many problems exist to prevent the simple introduction of American and European methods. This paper describes the brief history, present state and problems of work environment control in Japan, comparing with the systems of American and European countries.
-
Future immunosuppressive agents in solid-organ transplantation.
Gabardi, Steven; Cerio, Jeffrey
2004-06-01
To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of mycophenolate sodium, everolimus, and FTY720. Clinical trials and abstracts evaluating mycophenolate sodium, everolimus, and FTY720 in solid-organ transplantation were considered for evaluation. English-language studies and published abstracts were selected for inclusion. Mycophenolate sodium has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Adminstration for marketing in the United States; everolimus and FTY720 are immunosuppressive agents that may soon be available in the United States. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing the incidence of acute rejection in solid-organ transplantation. Clinical trials have shown that these newer agents are relatively well tolerated. The most common adverse events associated with these agents were gastrointestinal and hematologic effects (mycophenolate sodium); hyperlipidemia, increased serum creatinine, and hematologic effects (everolimus): and gastrointestinal effects, headache, and bradycardia (FTY720). Mycophenolate sodium has been approved in some European countries and the United States. Everolimus has been approved in some European countries and a new drug application has been submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. FTY720 is currently in phase III clinical trials and submission to the Food and Drug Administration for approval is a few years away. The approval of these agents will furnish the transplant practitioner with even more options for immunosuppression.
-
Religiousness as a Predictor of Suicide: An Analysis of 162 European Regions.
Stack, Steven; Laubepin, Frederique
2018-01-25
Research on religion as a protective factor has been marked by four recurrent limitations: (1) an overemphasis on the United States, a nation where religiosity is relatively high; (2) a neglect of highly secularized zones of the world, where religiousness may be too weak to affect suicide; (3) restriction of religiousness to religious affiliation, a construct which may miss capturing other dimensions of religiousness such as the importance of religion in one's life; and (4) an overwhelming use of the nation as a unit of analysis, which masks variation in religiousness within nations. The present article addresses these limitations by performing a cross-national test of the following hypothesis: The greater the strength of subjective religiousness, the lower the suicide rate, using small units of analysis for a secularized area of the world. All data refer to 162 regions within 22 European nations. Data were extracted from two large databases, EUROSTAT and the European Social Surveys (ESS Round 4), and merged using NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Statistical Territorial Units) regions as the unit of analysis. Controls are incorporated for level of economic development, education, and measures of economic strain. The results of a multiple regression analysis demonstrated that controlling for the other constructs in the model, religiousness is associated with lower suicide rates, confirming the hypothesis. Even in secularized European nations, where there is a relatively weak moral community to reinforce religion, religiousness acts as a protective factor against suicide. Future work is needed to explore the relationship in other culture zones of the world. © 2018 The American Association of Suicidology.
-
Reed, J P; Halliday, W R
2001-04-01
In 1997 and 1998, Cry9C susceptibility baselines were established for field-collected populations of European corn borer, Osrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar. Bioassay of neonate European corn borer larvae of 16 colonies collected from the midwestern United States indicated LC50 values ranging from 13.2 to 65.1 ng of Cry9C protein per square centimeter. Neonate European corn borer LC50 values ranged from 46.5 to 214 ng/cm2. Neonate larvae of three colonies of southwestern corn borer collected from the southern and southwestern United States exhibited LC50 values from 16.9 to 39.9 ng of Cry9C protein per square centimeter. Southwestern corn borer neonate LC90 confidence limit values ranged from 40.3 to 157 ng of Cry9C protein per centimeter. The most sensitive southwestern corn borer colony was collected from the Mississippi delta exhibiting an LC50 value of 22.6 ng of Cry9C per cm2 and also displayed the widest LC0 confidence limits of 40.3-94.8 ng of Cry9C per cm2. Geographic baseline susceptibility data establishes the natural genetic variation and provides the foundation for future testing of insect populations exposed to increased use of Bacillus thuringiensis-based crops. Insect resistance management and stewardship of Cry9C will rely upon baseline data for the validation of discriminating dose assays for European corn borer and southwestern corn borer.
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest of cherries (Prunus spp.) (Rosaceae) in Europe and Asia. In 2016, R. cerasi was detected in Ontario, Canada, and in 2017 in New York State, U.S.A., the first records of this pest in North Amer...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Neff, Bonita Dostal
A global approach to public relations education is needed as other countries look to the European Economic Community or elsewhere for their models of public relations. In the United States, the present state-of-the-art in public relations is more nascent in development than professionals acknowledge or even realize. Although academics in public…
-
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Iverson, Louis R.; Risser, Paul G.
Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques are powerful tools in the analysis of long-term changes in vegetation and land use, especially because spatial information from two or more time intervals can be compared more readily than by manual methods. A primary restriction is the paucity of data that has been digitized from earlier periods. The Illinois State Geographic Information System has a number of automated data sets containing land-use information, including original land survey plat maps that show the boundaries of forests, prairies, and wetlands as they existed prior to European colonization in the early 1800s. More recent data include the United States Forest Service inventories of 1948, 1962, and 1985; the United States Geological Survey Land Use Data Analysis; National High Altitude Program photographs of vegetation; and Landsat MSS and TM information. These data can be used to compare vegetation patterns and changes in land use over time and to suggest factors that may have caused or influenced these variations. Profound changes have occurred in the Illinois landscape since European settlement, primarily because of conversion to agricultural use; in certain parts of the state, however, urbanization has been the major factor contributing to changes.
-
Comparing Generic Drug Markets in Europe and the United States: Prices, Volumes, and Spending.
Wouters, Olivier J; Kanavos, Panos G; McKEE, Martin
2017-09-01
Policy Points: Our study indicates that there are opportunities for cost savings in generic drug markets in Europe and the United States. Regulators should make it easier for generic drugs to reach the market. Regulators and payers should apply measures to stimulate price competition among generic drugmakers and to increase generic drug use. To meaningfully evaluate policy options, it is important to analyze historical context and understand why similar initiatives failed previously. Rising drug prices are putting pressure on health care budgets. Policymakers are assessing how they can save money through generic drugs. We compared generic drug prices and market shares in 13 European countries, using data from 2013, to assess the amount of variation that exists between countries. To place these results in context, we reviewed evidence from recent studies on the prices and use of generics in Europe and the United States. We also surveyed peer-reviewed studies, gray literature, and books published since 2000 to (1) outline existing generic drug policies in European countries and the United States; (2) identify ways to increase generic drug use and to promote price competition among generic drug companies; and (3) explore barriers to implementing reform of generic drug policies, using a historical example from the United States as a case study. The prices and market shares of generics vary widely across Europe. For example, prices charged by manufacturers in Switzerland are, on average, more than 2.5 times those in Germany and more than 6 times those in the United Kingdom, based on the results of a commonly used price index. The proportion of prescriptions filled with generics ranges from 17% in Switzerland to 83% in the United Kingdom. By comparison, the United States has historically had low generic drug prices and high rates of generic drug use (84% in 2013), but has in recent years experienced sharp price increases for some off-patent products. There are policy solutions to address issues in Europe and the United States, such as streamlining the generic drug approval process and requiring generic prescribing and substitution where such policies are not yet in place. The history of substitution laws in the United States provides insights into the economic, political, and cultural issues influencing the adoption of generic drug policies. Governments should apply coherent supply- and demand-side policies in generic drug markets. An immediate priority is to convince more physicians, pharmacists, and patients that generic drugs are bioequivalent to branded products. Special-interest groups continue to obstruct reform in Europe and the United States. © 2017 The Authors The Milbank Quarterly published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Millbank Memorial Fund.
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Paskins, B.
1986-01-01
The alliance between the United States and her NATO partners has been strained severely in the last few years. American perceptions of European disloyalty and European impressions of American assertiveness and lack of judgment have played a large part in generating tensions between the allies and emphasising the new peace movements. This book is an attempt to develop a broader understanding of the problem of European security based on Christian ethics. There are disagreements and differences of emphasis among the contributors but they have in common the view that an exclusive preoccupation with the military dimension is damagingly one-sided. Insteadmore » the contributors argue that moral and theological concerns are a vital part of the politics and mechanics of European security and must be incorporated in any effort to devise new policies for security in Europe and the West.« less
-
The First United States Microgravity Laboratory
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Powers, C. Blake (Editor); Shea, Charlotte; Mcmahan, Tracy; Accardi, Denise; Mikatarian, Jeff
1991-01-01
The United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-1) is one part of a science and technology program that will open NASA's next great era of discovery and establish the United States' leadership in space. A key component in the preparation for this new age of exploration, the USML-1 will fly in orbit for extended periods, providing greater opportunities for research in materials science, fluid dynamics, biotechnology, and combustion science. The major components of the USML-1 are the Crystal Growth Furnace, the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE) Apparatus, and the Drop Physics Module. Other components of USML-1 include Astroculture, Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus, Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project, Protein Crystal Growth, Space Acceleration Measurement System, Solid Surface Combustion Experiment, Zeolite Crystal Growth and Spacelab Glovebox provided by the European Space Agency.
-
Environmental Policy Issues Affecting the United States Army in Its Overseas Activities
1989-01-01
1988 Containing Reform: The UK Stance en the European Community environmental impact assessment Directive. Policy and Impact Assessment fi (3, 4): 95...protect the en - ’duainau respect et:::l protection de 1’nviron- in adopting Article 130 R of the Single European Act, adoptant P’article 130 R de l’Acte...struments are not always enforced at national level: mentsjuridiques ratifids ne soient pas toujours mis en application au niveau national: 10
-
Sen. Lieberman, Joseph I. [ID-CT
2012-12-11
Senate - 12/21/2012 Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Voice. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
-
21 CFR 26.69 - Monitoring of conformity assessment bodies.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... cause to maintain, ongoing surveillance over their CAB's by means of regular audit or assessment; (b...
-
United States European Command
Organization The Region History Media Library Articles Press Releases Photos Videos Documents Blog Posts Us Press Releases Site Policies Site Translation (Disclaimer) EUCOM's disclaimer regarding this . More in Site Policies External Links Privacy and Security Accessibility/Section 508 Site Translation
-
Hyman, Anthony A
2014-02-01
Innovation is central to the scientific endeavor, and yet the current system of funding in the United States discourages innovation, especially in the young. Subtle alterations to the funding system, guided in part by the success of the European Research Council, could have major effects on encouraging innovation.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ayala, Francisco J.
1995-01-01
A brief history of science and technology in Latin America that begins with the Mayan civilization and progresses through the colonial period to the present. Compares increased scientific productivity in the Latin American and Caribbean regions to productivity in the United States and European Union. (LZ)
-
78 FR 72072 - Proposed Subsequent Arrangement
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-02
... Uses of Nuclear Energy Between the United States of America and the European Atomic Energy Community... Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Energy. Telephone: 202-586-3806 or email: Sean.Oehlbert... program. KAERI originally obtained the material from the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear...
-
Genualdi, Susie; MacMahon, Shaun; Robbins, Katherine; Farris, Samantha; Shyong, Nicole; DeJager, Lowri
2016-01-01
Sudan I, II, III and IV dyes are banned for use as food colorants in the United States and European Union because they are toxic and carcinogenic. These dyes have been illegally used as food additives in products such as chilli spices and palm oil to enhance their red colour. From 2003 to 2005, the European Union made a series of decisions requiring chilli spices and palm oil imported to the European Union to contain analytical reports declaring them free of Sudan I–IV. In order for the USFDA to investigate the adulteration of palm oil and chilli spices with unapproved colour additives in the United States, a method was developed for the extraction and analysis of Sudan dyes in palm oil, and previous methods were validated for Sudan dyes in chilli spices. Both LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS methods were examined for their limitations and effectiveness in identifying adulterated samples. Method validation was performed for both chilli spices and palm oil by spiking samples known to be free of Sudan dyes at concentrations close to the limit of detection. Reproducibility, matrix effects, and selectivity of the method were also investigated. Additionally, for the first time a survey of palm oil and chilli spices was performed in the United States, specifically in the Washington, DC, area. Illegal dyes, primarily Sudan IV, were detected in palm oil at concentrations from 150 to 24 000 ng ml−1. Low concentrations (< 21 μg kg−1) of Sudan dyes were found in 11 out of 57 spices and are most likely a result of cross-contamination during preparation and storage and not intentional adulteration. PMID:26824489
-
Genualdi, Susie; MacMahon, Shaun; Robbins, Katherine; Farris, Samantha; Shyong, Nicole; DeJager, Lowri
2016-01-01
Sudan I, II, III and IV dyes are banned for use as food colorants in the United States and European Union because they are toxic and carcinogenic. These dyes have been illegally used as food additives in products such as chilli spices and palm oil to enhance their red colour. From 2003 to 2005, the European Union made a series of decisions requiring chilli spices and palm oil imported to the European Union to contain analytical reports declaring them free of Sudan I-IV. In order for the USFDA to investigate the adulteration of palm oil and chilli spices with unapproved colour additives in the United States, a method was developed for the extraction and analysis of Sudan dyes in palm oil, and previous methods were validated for Sudan dyes in chilli spices. Both LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS methods were examined for their limitations and effectiveness in identifying adulterated samples. Method validation was performed for both chilli spices and palm oil by spiking samples known to be free of Sudan dyes at concentrations close to the limit of detection. Reproducibility, matrix effects, and selectivity of the method were also investigated. Additionally, for the first time a survey of palm oil and chilli spices was performed in the United States, specifically in the Washington, DC, area. Illegal dyes, primarily Sudan IV, were detected in palm oil at concentrations from 150 to 24 000 ng ml(-1). Low concentrations (< 21 µg kg(-1)) of Sudan dyes were found in 11 out of 57 spices and are most likely a result of cross-contamination during preparation and storage and not intentional adulteration.
-
Skov, M. N.; Pedersen, K.; Larsen, J. L.
1995-01-01
A total of 75 Vibrio anguillarum serogroup O1 strains were studied with respect to their plasmid contents, ribotypes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Eight plasmid profiles and six ribotypes were demonstrated, and one profile was dominant by both typing methods. In contrast, PFGE had very high discriminatory power, demonstrating 35 profiles. On the basis of PFGE patterns, a similarity matrix and a dendrogram were constructed. The results indicated that Scandinavian strains and southern European isolates (with some exceptions) belong to two different clonal lineages. A few strains from the United States and United Kingdom deviated considerably from each other and from Scandinavian and southern European strains. PMID:16535003
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... have become an Argos Participating Agency, Japan or a European Organization for the Exploitation of...: (a) Approving authority means NOAA for the GOES DCS; and it means the Argos Participating Agencies... participating agencies means those agencies of the United States and other countries that participate in the...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... have become an Argos Participating Agency, Japan or a European Organization for the Exploitation of...: (a) Approving authority means NOAA for the GOES DCS; and it means the Argos Participating Agencies... participating agencies means those agencies of the United States and other countries that participate in the...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... have become an Argos Participating Agency, Japan or a European Organization for the Exploitation of...: (a) Approving authority means NOAA for the GOES DCS; and it means the Argos Participating Agencies... participating agencies means those agencies of the United States and other countries that participate in the...
-
History of Higher Education Annual, 2000.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Geiger, Roger L., Ed.
2000-01-01
This annual volume brings together papers related to the history of higher education in the United States and abroad. The papers are: (1) "Before and after Humboldt: European Universities between the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" (Robert Anderson); (2) "The Independent Intellectual as Academic Gadfly: One Variety of…
-
Governance Challenges of Technological Systems Convergence
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Whitman, Jim
2006-01-01
The convergence of several technological systems (especially nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and robotics) has now been adopted as a strategic goal by several countries, most notably the United States and those of the European Union. The anticipated benefits and related fears of competitive disadvantage have brought together…
-
21 CFR 26.35 - Length and purpose of transition period.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN... bodies (CAB's) of the other party with respect to the ability to perform quality system and product...
-
The Development of Sports Medicine.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Waddington, Ivan
1996-01-01
The development of sports medicine was influenced by medicalization and increasing competitiveness in modern sport, with sports physicians helping to develop performance enhancing drugs and techniques. This paper discusses sports medicine and drug use in Eastern European countries, early development of anabolic steroids in the United States, and…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Slone, Debra J.
2008-01-01
Public libraries were indispensable resources for newcomers during the height of European immigration to the United States. They were havens for the poor and jobless during the Great Depression and bridges between rural and urban communities during times of major demographic change. An increase in the Spanish-speaking population has inspired…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-08
... trading in the European time zones overlaps with trading in the United States, which is when OTC market... sites maintained by major newspapers, such as The Wall Street Journal. In addition, the London AM Fix...
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2012-08-01
This report presents the test plan for conducting the Technical Capability Analysis for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the San Diego Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration. The ICM proje...
-
Policies of containment: immigration in the era of AIDS.
Fairchild, A L; Tynan, E A
1994-01-01
The US Public Health Service began the medical examination of immigrants at US ports in 1891. By 1924, national origin had become a means to justify broad-based exclusion of immigrants after Congress passed legislation restricting immigration from southern and eastern European countries. This legislation was passed based on the alleged genetic inferiority of southern and eastern Europeans. Since 1987, the United States has prohibited the entrance of immigrants infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). On the surface, a policy of excluding individuals with an inevitably fatal "communicable disease of public health significance" rests solidly in the tradition of protecting public health. But excluding immigrants with HIV is also a policy that, in practice, resembles the 1924 tradition of selective racial restriction of immigrants from "dangerous nations." Since the early 1980s, the United States has erected barriers against immigrants from particular Caribbean and African nations, whose citizens were thought to pose a threat of infecting the US blood supply with HIV. Images p2012-a p2014-a PMID:7998650
-
Czerw, Aleksandra; Religioni, Urszula
2012-01-01
Drug advertising is one of the most popular forms of communication between pharmaceutical companies and prospect drug purchasers. In the face of strong competition on the pharmaceutical market on the one hand, and patient's high susceptibility to various forms of advertising on the other, drug producers try to reach as wide group of recipients as possible. However, proper medicine use requires not only doctor's wide knowledge and experience, but also patient's awareness of necessity of rational drug usage. Advertising activities related to this group of medicines are covered by rigorous law regulations, with taking into account above-mentioned issues, and other specific features of drugs available with prescription. The aim of this article is to present legislative and non-legislative regulations concerning Rx drugs, taking into consideration law regulations that are in force in the European Union and the United States. Ethic codes implemented by drug producers associations were also used.
-
Petrunik, Michael; Deutschmann, Linda
2008-10-01
Continental European and Anglo-American jurisdictions differ with regard to criminal justice and community responses to sex offenders on an exclusion-inclusion spectrum ranging from community protection measures on one end to therapeutic programs in the middle and restorative justice measures on the other end. In the United States, populist pressure has resulted in a community protection approach exemplified by sex offender registration, community notification, and civil commitment of violent sexual predators. Although the United Kingdom and Canada have followed, albeit more cautiously, the American trend to adopt exclusionist community protection measures, these countries have significant community-based restorative justice initiatives, such as Circles of Support and Accountability. Although sex offender crises have recently occurred in continental Europe, a long-standing tradition of the medicalization of deviance, along with the existence of social structural buffers against the influence of victim-driven populist penal movements, has thus far limited the spread of formal community protection responses.
-
Previous Open Rotor Research in the US
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
VanZante, Dale
2011-01-01
Previous Open Rotor noise experience in the United States, current Open Rotor noise research in the United States and current NASA prediction methods activities were presented at a European Union (EU) X-Noise seminar. The invited attendees from EU industries, research establishments and universities discussed prospects for reducing Open Rotor noise and reviewed all technology programs, past and present, dedicated to Open Rotor engine concepts. This workshop was particularly timely because the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) plans to involve Independent Experts in late 2011 in assessing the noise of future low-carbon technologies including the open rotor.
-
Korean American parents’ reconstruction of immigrant parenting in the United States
Kim, Eunjung; Im, Haesang; Nahm, Eunyoung; Hong, Seunghye
2017-01-01
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore 28 Korean American parents’ perceptions of parenting. Interview data were audio taped, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Themes that emerged were: Korean parenting constructed in Korea, European American parenting observed in the United States, and resulting reconstruction of Korean American parenting. The findings indicate that Korean American parents’ perceptions of parenting are deeply rooted in the social contexts of where parents were brought up and where parents raise their children. These findings could be used to develop a culturally and linguistically competent parenting program for Korean American parents. PMID:23362693
-
Earth observations taken by the STS-9 crew
2009-06-25
STS009-40-2575 (28 Nov-8 Dec 1983) --- This view of the Fuji volcano, Japan was taken on the 54th orbit of the Space Shuttle Columbia. The center coordinates are 35.5 degrees north latitude and 139.0 degrees east longitude. This was the first time a non-United States crew member was flown aboard the United States Space Shuttle, European Space Agency (ESA) payload specialist Ulf Merbold, Germany. The crew included NASA astronauts John W. Young, commander; Brewster H. Shaw Jr., pilot; Owen K. Garriott, mission specialist, Robert A. Parker, mission specialist; and Byron Lichtenberg, payload specialist.
-
Policies to assist parents with young children.
Ruhm, Christopher J
2011-01-01
The struggle to balance work responsibilities with family obligations may be most difficult for working parents of the youngest children, those five and under. Any policy changes designed to ease the difficulties for these families are likely to be controversial, requiring a careful effort to weigh both the costs and benefits of possible interventions while respecting diverse and at times conflicting American values. In this article, Christopher Ruhm looks at two potential interventions-parental leave and early childhood education and care (ECEC)-comparing differences in policies in the United States, Canada, and several European nations and assessing their consequences for important parent and child outcomes. By and large, Canadian and European policies are more generous than those in the United States, with most women eligible for paid maternity leave, which in a few countries can last for three years or more. Many of these countries also provide for paid leave that can be used by either the mother or the father. And in many European countries ECEC programs are nearly universal after the child reaches a certain age. In the United States, parental leave, if it is available, is usually short and unpaid, and ECEC is generally regarded as a private responsibility of parents, although some federal programs help defray costs of care and preschool education. Ruhm notes that research on the effects of differences in policies is not completely conclusive, in part because of the difficulty of isolating consequences of leave and ECEC policies from other influences on employment and children's outcomes. But, he says, the comparative evidence does suggest desirable directions for future policy in the United States. Policies establishing rights to short parental leaves increase time at home with infants and slightly improve the job continuity of mothers, with small, but positive, long-run consequences for mothers and children. Therefore, Ruhm indicates that moderate extensions of existing U.S. leave entitlements (up to several months in duration) make sense. He also suggests that some form of paid leave would facilitate its use, particularly among less advantaged parents, and that efforts to improve the quality of ECEC, while maintaining or enhancing affordability, are desirable.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Restrepo, Maria Adelaida; Schwanenflugel, Paula J.; Blake, Jamilia; Neuharth-Pritchett, Stacey; Cramer, Stephen E.; Ruston, Hilary P.
2006-01-01
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether two vocabulary measures were appropriate for the evaluation of African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels, regardless of gender. Method: Data were collected for 210 high-risk, preschool children from a southeastern state in the United States on the…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Abu El-Haj, Thea Renda; Ríos-Rojas, Anne; Jaffe-Walter, Reva
2017-01-01
In this paper, the authors focus on everyday narrations of the nation as they are taken up by educators "in schools" in the United States, Denmark and Spain. As the primary institutions within which children from im/migrant communities are incorporated into the nation-state, schools are the key sites within which young people learn the…
-
International Crisis Information Network
2006-12-01
AU African Union CA Civil Affairs (Specifically United States Army) CDHAM Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine CEMAC Economic...Department of Defense DODD Department of Defense Directive ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FR First Responder HA...passion, such as rugby fans on Rugby365.com, or music lovers on MP3.com. These people exchange ideas and thoughts about the given passion.”83 The
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ghezloun, A., E-mail: a.ghezloun@cder.dz; Oucher, N.; Merabet, H.
The Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force on 16 February 2005, commits developed countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases by 5% in 2012 compared to 1990. Due to the abstention of the United States and the absence of constraint on Southern countries, the protocol establishes obligations only to countries that represent only 33% of global CO{sub 2} emissions. All the diplomatic effort is therefore to seek the commitment of discussion for the period after 2012. The participation of the United States and emerging countries is imperative. The essential point of this second negotiation process is to search inmore » the effort to integrate the United States and the developing countries and, more particularly, emerging economies such as China, India or Brazil, whose current emissions and / or projected should exceed those of developed countries during the first half of the twenty-first century. Real progress has been made in recent years. Indeed, a first universal historic agreement and legally binding was adopted after two weeks of intense negotiations by the Parties from 30 November to 12 December 2015, which aims to limit global warming by the end of this century well below 2 ° C while continuing efforts to not exceed 1.5 ° C. Moreover, the European Union, China and the United States have expressed their willingness to reduce their greenhouse gas. Because, one of the great hopes of the fight against the emission of greenhouse gases is the development of renewable energy, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report highlights the need to move towards renewable energy sources. The European Union, China and United States also expressed their willingness to increase the share of renewable energy. It is therefore necessary to develop the only inexhaustible energy, renewable energy, to fight against climate change.« less
-
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ghezloun, A.; Saidane, A.; Oucher, N.; Merabet, H.
2016-07-01
The Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force on 16 February 2005, commits developed countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases by 5% in 2012 compared to 1990. Due to the abstention of the United States and the absence of constraint on Southern countries, the protocol establishes obligations only to countries that represent only 33% of global CO2 emissions. All the diplomatic effort is therefore to seek the commitment of discussion for the period after 2012. The participation of the United States and emerging countries is imperative. The essential point of this second negotiation process is to search in the effort to integrate the United States and the developing countries and, more particularly, emerging economies such as China, India or Brazil, whose current emissions and / or projected should exceed those of developed countries during the first half of the twenty-first century. Real progress has been made in recent years. Indeed, a first universal historic agreement and legally binding was adopted after two weeks of intense negotiations by the Parties from 30 November to 12 December 2015, which aims to limit global warming by the end of this century well below 2 ° C while continuing efforts to not exceed 1.5 ° C. Moreover, the European Union, China and the United States have expressed their willingness to reduce their greenhouse gas. Because, one of the great hopes of the fight against the emission of greenhouse gases is the development of renewable energy, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report highlights the need to move towards renewable energy sources. The European Union, China and United States also expressed their willingness to increase the share of renewable energy. It is therefore necessary to develop the only inexhaustible energy, renewable energy, to fight against climate change.
-
Tomaszewski, Elizabeth K.; Kaleta, Erhard F.; Phalen, David N.
2003-01-01
Fragments of 419 bp of the UL16 open reading frame from 73 psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs) from the United States and Europe were sequenced. All viruses caused Pacheco's disease, and serotypes of the European isolates were known. A phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences demonstrated that the PsHVs that cause Pacheco's disease comprised four major genotypes, with each genotype including between two and four variants. With the exception of two viruses, the serotypes of the virus isolates could be predicted by the genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 4 corresponded to serotype 1 isolates, genotype 2 corresponded to serotype 2 isolates, and genotype 3 corresponded to serotype 3 isolates. The single serotype 4 virus mapped to genotype 4. DNA from a virus with a unique serotype could not be amplified with primers that amplified DNA from all other PsHVs, and its classification remains unknown. Viruses representing all four genotypes were found in both the United States and Europe, and it was therefore predicted that serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in the United States. Serotype 4 was represented by a single European isolate that could not be genetically distinguished from serotype 1 viruses; therefore, the presence of serotype 4 in the United States could not be predicted. Viruses of genotype 4 were found to be the most commonly associated with Pacheco's disease in macaws and conures and were least likely to be isolated in chicken embryo fibroblasts in the United States. All four genotypes caused deaths in Amazon parrots, but genotype 4 was associated with Pacheco's disease only in Amazons in Europe. Genotypes 2, 3, and 4, but not 1, were found in African grey parrots. Although parrots from the Pacific distribution represent a relatively small percentage of the total number of birds with Pacheco's disease, all four genotypes were found to cause disease in these species. PMID:14512573
-
Fang, Ke; Friedlander, Myrna; Pieterse, Alex L
2016-01-01
Based on the diathesis-stress model of anxiety, this study examined the contributions of cultural processes, perceived racial discrimination, and personality traits to social anxiety among Chinese immigrants. Further guided by the theory of intergroup anxiety, this study also adopted a context-specific approach to distinguish between participants' experience of social anxiety when interacting with European Americans versus with other Chinese in the United States. This quantitative and ex post facto study used a convenience sample of 140 first-generation Chinese immigrants. Participants were recruited through e-mails from different university and community groups across the United States. The sample includes 55 men and 82 women (3 did not specify) with an average age of 36 years old. Results showed that more social anxiety was reported in the European American context than in the Chinese ethnic context. The full models accounted for almost half the variance in anxiety in each context. Although personality accounted for the most variance, the cultural variables and discrimination contributed 14% of the unique variance in the European American context. Notably, low acculturation, high neuroticism, and low extraversion were unique contributors to social anxiety with European Americans, whereas in the Chinese ethnic context only low extraversion was a unique contributor; more discrimination was uniquely significant in both contexts. The findings suggest a need to contextualize the research and clinical assessment of social anxiety, and have implications for culturally sensitive counseling with immigrants. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
-
Kirilov, I; Atzeni, M; Perra, A; Moro, D; Carta, M G
2018-01-01
The objective of this research is to verify whether European projects on Active Aging (AA) and Elderly Quality of Life (Qol) funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) produce an impact on literature similar to projects funded by the National Health Institute (NHI) of the United States on international literature using well-known bibliometric indicators. This effort may be useful in developing standardized and replicable procedures. Fifteen randomly selected projects on AA and Elderly Qol concluded in August 2017 and funded by FP7 were compared to similar projects funded by the US NHI with reference to papers published (Scopus and Scholar), papers published in Q1 journals, and the number of citations of the papers linked to the projects. In all the indicators considered, the European projects showed no difference with the US NHI projects. The EU-funded AA and Qol Elderly projects have an impact on scientific literature comparable to projects funded in the United States by the NHI Agency.Our results are consistent with the data on general medical research, which indicates that, European research remains at a high level of competitiveness.In this experimental study, our methodology appeared to be convincing and reliable and it could be applied to the extent of the impact of more extensive research areas.Our research did not evaluate the relationship between funding required by research and scientific productivity.
-
The European and American use of exploratory approaches for first-in-human studies.
Silva-Lima, Beatriz; Carlson, David; Jones, David R; Laurie, David; Stahl, Elke; Maria, Vasco; Janssens, Walter; Robinson, William T
2010-02-01
Exploratory approaches for first-in-human clinical studies have evolved over the last few years and have stimulated the issuance of national regulatory guidances in some European countries as well as the United States. With the increasing implementation of these approaches and the recent preparation of a multiregional regulatory guidance (ICH M3 rev2), an exchange of experiences on the opportunities and challenges of exploratory clinical trials was desirable; thus, a workshop focusing on the use of this clinical approach was planned and conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, March 18-19, 2009 sponsored by the Portuguese Health Authority (INFARMED) and DIA. The structure of the workshop focused in three main areas. Regulatory representatives from Portugal, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States formally reviewed their experiences. This was followed by a discussion on issues from an ethics review perspective as well as an insight to the opportunities in the area of biologics. The industry perspective was presented by representatives from Merck, Pfizer, J&J, Novartis, Speedel, AstraZeneca, GSK, and Roche. Finally, through break out sessions, issues were identified to be addressed moving forward. It is the purpose of this paper to report on the outcome of this workshop.
-
Economic hardship and depression across the life course: the impact of welfare state regimes.
Levecque, Katia; Van Rossem, Ronan; De Boyser, Katrien; Van de Velde, Sarah; Bracke, Piet
2011-06-01
Previous research in the United States suggests that depression related to economic hardship decreases with age. We test whether this pattern can be generalized to other developed nations. Based on data from 23 countries in the European Social Survey (2006--2007), multilevel analyses show that the moderating role of age depends on the socio-political context. While the hardship--depression link is not significantly different across the life course in Nordic and Bismarckian regimes, the hardship--depression link increases with age in Southern and Eastern European countries and decreases with age in strength in Anglo-Saxon welfare states. Our findings suggest that welfare state regimes play a significant role in attenuating, boosting, or even reversing the health effects of social experiences such as economic hardship on aging. Health knowledge gained through research that ignores the socio-political context may be limited in terms of generalization.
-
Martínez-Aires, María Dolores; Rubio Gámez, María Carmen; Gibb, Alistair
2015-01-01
Since the mid-1990 s, Prevention through Design (PtD) has become increasingly prevalent in the built environment. The acceptance of PtD has largely been due to the removal or reduction of risks during the execution phase of construction projects. European States have had the added impetus of national legislation. This paper analyzes the influence of European Union Directive 92/57/EEC on occupational safety and health injury prevention in the project design phase. Qualitative methods comprised individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a panel of experts. Sixty individuals from construction and related professions (architects, engineers, constructors, developers, and other construction experts) answered 17 key questions to establish national perceptions of the effectiveness of Directive 92/57/EEC in Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). The implementation of PtD in the project design phase in the UK is clearer since the regulations explicitly state the obligations of project designers as well as those of the coordinator. Interviews with Spanish experts show that, in Spain, the prevention culture is less frequently realized. The most significant differences between the European Directive and national regulations which influence PtD are linked to the Health and Safety Coordinator, and Health and Safety documents.
-
Process Document for the joint ETV/NOWATECH verification of the Sorbisense GSW40 passive sampler
Nordic Water Technology Verification Center’s (NOWATECH) DHI Water Monitoring Center (DHI WMC), a pilot Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program in the European Union, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency ETV (US EPA ETV) program’s Advanced Monitoring ...
-
Multiculturalism: Beyond Food, Festival, Folklore, and Fashion
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Meyer, Calvin F.; Rhoades, Elizabeth Kelley
2006-01-01
Despite overall trends toward increasing student diversity, geographic areas in the United States vary widely in their ethnic composition. In areas where the population is predominately European American, grasping a realistic meaning of "multiculturalism" can be difficult. Often, interpretations of the concept result in a mix of…
-
AOP Wiki: A new tool for developing and documenting adverse outcome pathways
An initial version of an IT system to support OECD AOP activities recently was completed through collaborative efforts and contributions of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (EU JRC), the Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the United States Environmental Pr...
-
Human fecal contamination of clean water sources is a major contributor to the spread of disease worldwide. To monitor and manage this threat, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), World Health Organization, and European Union rely on ba
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Twenty publications from twelve prospective cohorts have evaluated associations between flavonoid intakes and incidence or mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults in Europe and the United States. The most common outcome was coronary heart disease mortality, and four of eight cohort ...
-
21 CFR 26.78 - Agreements with other countries.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Agreements with other countries. 26.78 Section 26... MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REPORTS, MEDICAL DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN...
-
75 FR 59658 - Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-28
... drive assemblies. The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which is the Technical Agent for the... United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section... Part 39 Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by reference, Safety. The Proposed...
-
The United States of Europe: Realistic Vision or Pipedream?
2012-03-13
common religious and political institutions with a host Council, an embryo of the European Council today, which resolved the differences between cities...itself but is an instrument of juridical independence, determining the option of a people who inhabit a particular territory deciding its own destiny
-
Kao, Joyce Y; Zubair, Asif; Salomon, Matthew P; Nuzhdin, Sergey V; Campo, Daniel
2015-04-01
Drosophila melanogaster is postulated to have colonized North America in the past several 100 years in two waves. Flies from Europe colonized the east coast United States while flies from Africa inhabited the Caribbean, which if true, make the south-east US and Caribbean Islands a secondary contact zone for African and European D. melanogaster. This scenario has been proposed based on phenotypes and limited genetic data. In our study, we have sequenced individual whole genomes of flies from populations in the south-east US and Caribbean Islands and examined these populations in conjunction with population sequences from the west coast US, Africa, and Europe. We find that west coast US populations are closely related to the European population, likely reflecting a rapid westward expansion upon first settlements into North America. We also find genomic evidence of African and European admixture in south-east US and Caribbean populations, with a clinal pattern of decreasing proportions of African ancestry with higher latitude. Our genomic analysis of D. melanogaster populations from the south-east US and Caribbean Islands provides more evidence for the Caribbean Islands as the source of previously reported novel African alleles found in other east coast US populations. We also find the border between the south-east US and the Caribbean island to be the admixture hot zone where distinctly African-like Caribbean flies become genomically more similar to European-like south-east US flies. Our findings have important implications for previous studies examining the generation of east coast US clines via selection. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
-
European and Mexican vs US diagnostic extracts of Bermuda grass and cat in skin testing.
Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée; Cruz, Alfredo Arias; Gutierrez, Isabel Rojo; Rodriguez, Pablo; Shah-Hosseini, Kijawasch; Michels, Alexandra; Mösges, Ralph
2011-05-01
Laboratory testing of various diagnostic extracts has shown lower potencies for several European and Mexican extracts relative to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reference (10,000 BAU/mL). Quantitative skin prick testing (QSPT) with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts have previously shown a similar picture. To compare European and Mexican Bermuda grass (BG) and cat diagnostic extracts against an FDA-validated extract using QSPT. Six diagnostic BG and cat extracts (1 reference FDA extract, 3 European extracts, 1 imported nonstandardized extract from the United States, and 1 Mexican extract) were tested with quadruplicate QSPT, as a concentrate and as 2 serial 2-fold dilutions, in cat and BG allergic individuals. BG showed good dose response in wheal size for the concentrate (1:2-1:4 dilutions; steep part of the curve). Cat showed poorer dose response. The Wilcoxon test for linked random samples was used to investigate whether the distribution of the reference differed from each of the test extracts to a statistically significant degree (2-sided asymptotic significance, α = .05). All BG and 2 cat extracts were statistically less potent than the 10,000 BAU/mL US reference. European BG extracts were 7,700, 4,100, and 1,600 BAU/mL, and cat extracts were 12,500, 4,400, and 5,100 BAU/mL. The potency of some diagnostic extracts of BG and cat used in Europe, Mexico, and the United States differs, with the US extracts being generally more potent. On the basis of provocation tests, optimal diagnostic concentrations should be determined. Similar comparisons using other manufacturers and therapeutic extracts might be interesting. Copyright © 2011 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
The African honey bee: factors contributing to a successful biological invasion.
Scott Schneider, Stanley; DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Smith, Deborah Roan
2004-01-01
The African honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata has colonized much of the Americas in less than 50 years and has largely replaced European bees throughout its range in the New World. The African bee therefore provides an excellent opportunity to examine the factors that influence invasion success. We provide a synthesis of recent research on the African bee, concentrating on its ability to displace European honey bees. Specifically, we consider (a) the genetic composition of the expanding population and the symmetry of gene flow between African and European bees, (b) the mechanisms that favor the preservation of the African genome, and (c) the possible range and impact of the African bee in the United States.
-
Evolution of MPCV Service Module Propulsion and GNC Interface Requirements
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hickman, Heather K.; Dickens, Kevin W.; Madsen, Jennifer M.; Gutkowski, Jeffrey P.; Ierardo, Nicola; Jaeger, Markus; Lux, Johannes; Freundenberger, John L.; Paisley, Jonathan
2014-01-01
The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle Service Module Propulsion Subsystem provides propulsion for the integrated Crew and Service Module. Updates in the exploration architecture between Constellation and MPCV as well as NASA's partnership with the European Space Agency have resulted in design changes to the SM Propulsion Subsystem and updates to the Propulsion interface requirements with Guidance Navigation and Control. This paper focuses on the Propulsion and GNC interface requirement updates between the Constellation Service Module and the European Service Module and how the requirement updates were driven or supported by architecture updates and the desired use of hardware with heritage to United States and European spacecraft for the Exploration Missions, EM-1 and EM-2.
-
A fair wind blows for one green technology
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Marshall, E.
1993-06-25
The newest windmills are small and robust, typically capable of generating 50 to 500 kilowatts each. Sales have been helped along, both in Europe and the United States, by laws requiring utility companies to offer fixed purchase-price contracts to suppliers of wind electricity. Another boost comes from the National Energy Policy Act, signed into law last fall by George Bush. It permits a 1.5 cent per kilowatt-hour tax credit for generators of electricity from renewable sources. Emphasizing energy production is [open quotes]a much smarter approach[close quotes] than just rewarding construction of new windmills, says Alexander Ellis, an executive at Kenetech/USmore » Windpower, because it encourages companies to deliver durable products. Today, the wind energy business seems to be booming, bearing out the Administration's faith that environmental technologies can open new markets. There are now more than 16,000 wind turbines installed in the United States, according to DeMeo, most of them still in California. Europe is also moving ahead. Although European countries have installed fewer machines to date, DeMeo says, the European Community has ambitious plans, calling for double the current US wind energy capacity by the end of the decade. About 10 major manufacturers in the United States and abroad are vying for this business. It took some fine-tuning, but government incentives to nurture this green technology seem to be working.« less
-
Oral surgery in the European Union: challenges of diversity in training and practice.
Nasseripour, M N; Hervé, C; Meningaud, J-P
2017-02-01
At the crossroads of medicine and dentistry, oral surgery with orthodontics are the only recognised dental specialties by the European Union. The goal of our study is to evaluate the current state of oral surgery in Europe from its teaching to its practice, the hypothesis being that a notable diversity persists despite European Union harmonisation process. To understand the impact of this diversity applied to European Union freedom of movement and its ethical implications for the practice of oral surgery, English and French questionnaires were sent by email to universities and organisations delivering authorisation to practise in France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom chosen based upon inclusion and exclusion criteria. An analysis of documents on these organisations' official websites was also conducted. Demographic information was obtained from the aforementioned organisations. The profile of practising oral surgeons is different dependent on the country. The university and hospital trainings conform to European recommendations and span 3-4 years. European Board certification is not required. Continuing education is mandatory only in France, Germany and United Kingdom. As for curricula and scope of practice, no consensus can be derived. There is potential conflict of interest between European Union principles of freedom of movement and protection of all citizens, as member countries do not uniformly apply Directives and recommendations. A new survey of all European Union oral surgery programmes as well as organisations delivering authorisation to practise is necessary to implement across the board harmonisation of training and practice to insure patient safety in light of the migration of European Union practitioners. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
-
Hacke, Werner; Lyden, Patrick; Emberson, Jonathan; Baigent, Colin; Blackwell, Lisa; Albers, Gregory; Bluhmki, Erich; Brott, Thomas; Cohen, Geoffrey; Davis, Stephen M; Donnan, Geoffrey A; Grotta, James C; Howard, George; Kaste, Markku; Koga, Masatoshi; von Kummer, Rüdiger; Lansberg, Maarten G; Lindley, Richard I; Olivot, Jean-Marc; Parsons, Mark; Sandercock, Peter Ag; Toni, Danilo; Toyoda, Kazunori; Wahlgren, Nils; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Whiteley, William N; Del Zoppo, Gregory; Lees, Kennedy R
2018-02-01
Background The recommended maximum age and time window for intravenous alteplase treatment of acute ischemic stroke differs between the Europe Union and United States. Aims We compared the effects of alteplase in cohorts defined by the current Europe Union or United States marketing approval labels, and by hypothetical revisions of the labels that would remove the Europe Union upper age limit or extend the United States treatment time window to 4.5 h. Methods We assessed outcomes in an individual-patient-data meta-analysis of eight randomized trials of intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) versus control for acute ischemic stroke. Outcomes included: excellent outcome (modified Rankin score 0-1) at 3-6 months, the distribution of modified Rankin score, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality. Results Alteplase increased the odds of modified Rankin score 0-1 among 2449/6136 (40%) patients who met the current European Union label and 3491 (57%) patients who met the age-revised label (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.21-1.68 and 1.43, 1.23-1.65, respectively), but not in those outside the age-revised label (1.06, 0.90-1.26). By 90 days, there was no increased mortality in the current and age-revised cohorts (hazard ratios 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.25 and 1.01, 0.86-1.19, respectively) but mortality remained higher outside the age-revised label (1.19, 0.99-1.42). Similarly, alteplase increased the odds of modified Rankin score 0-1 among 1174/6136 (19%) patients who met the current US approval and 3326 (54%) who met a 4.5-h revised approval (odds ratio 1.55, 1.19-2.01 and 1.37, 1.17-1.59, respectively), but not for those outside the 4.5-h revised approval (1.14, 0.97-1.34). By 90 days, no increased mortality remained for the current and 4.5-h revised label cohorts (hazard ratios 0.99, 0.77-1.26 and 1.02, 0.87-1.20, respectively) but mortality remained higher outside the 4.5-h revised approval (1.17, 0.98-1.41). Conclusions An age-revised European Union label or 4.5-h-revised United States label would each increase the number of patients deriving net benefit from alteplase by 90 days after acute ischemic stroke, without excess mortality.
-
Diversity of mire massif types in the boreal zone of European Russia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kuznetsov, O. L.
2018-03-01
In Russia, mire massif type is the principal structural unit for descriptions of the diversity of regional mire ecosystems of various ranks, vegetation mapping, and decision-making on the use of mires. The classification of mire massifs is based on various criteria and indicators. The botanical-geographical classification of mire massifs of the boreal zone of European Russia is four-tiered, and includes 22 types gathered in groups, subgroups and three classes. For most of the types their characteristic associations and diagnostic species are stated.
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pleschova, Gabriela; Simon, Eszter
2009-01-01
In this paper we examine the state of teacher training for political science PhD candidates in the European Union and make a comparison with the situation in the United States. We investigate the determinants of supply and demand of teacher training. On the supply side, we suggest that research orientation and quality assurance are factors that…
-
Russia and NATO Enlargement: The Assurances in 1990 and Their Implications
2009-06-01
to achieve “an agreement on the final legal settlement of the German question, which would serve our security interests and the cause of stability... intrinsically coupled to new security structures in Europe with no dominant player, particularly not the Soviet Union’s rival, the United States...main European security issues and would unconditionally acknowledge the CIS [Commonwealth of Independent States] as a sphere of vital interest to
-
Ukraine’s Search for its Place in Europe: The East or the West?
2007-03-01
Slovakia, Poland and Romania . European national histories show that states have not always been continuous, administrative boundaries change...process of state-building in Ukraine has lacked the necessary spiritual foundation, that is one United Ukrainian Orthodox Church…the development of...communities are Christian.55 About half are in the Orthodox tradition. The other half is divided among Catholics and Protestants. There are three major
-
Summary of the IEA workshop/working group meeting on ferritic/martensitic steels for fusion
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Klueh, R.L.
1997-04-01
An International Energy Agency (IEA) Working Group on Ferritic/Martensitic Steels for Fusion Applications, consisting of researchers from Japan, the European Union, the United States, and Switzerland, met at the headquarters of the Joint European Torus (JET), Culham, United Kingdom, 24-25 October 1996. At the meeting preliminary data generated on the large heats of steel purchased for the IEA program and on other heats of steels were presented and discussed. The second purpose of the meeting was to continue planning and coordinating the collaborative test program in progress on reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels. The next meeting will be held in conjunction withmore » the International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-8) in Sendai, Japan, 23-31 October 1997.« less
-
The United States Environmental Protection Agency, along with agencies within the European Union, are currently evaluating in vitro and in vivo assays to detect compounds that display antiandrogenic orandrogenic activity. Thein vivo assay is based on weight changes in androgen d...
-
COMPARISON OF EUROPEAN AND UNITED STATES APPROACHES TO NEW AND EXISTING SUBSTANCES REGULATION
Chemical regulation in Europe and the U.S. share the goal of protection of human health and the environment, but regulatory requirements differ between the two jurisdictions. This presentation will review the approach taken in the U.S. under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSC...
-
Recovery of consciousness in broilers following combined dc and ac stunning
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Broilers in the United States are typically electrically stunned using low voltage-high frequency pulsed DC water bath stunners and in the European Union broilers are electrocuted using high voltage-low frequency AC. DC stunned broilers regain consciousness in the absence of exsanguination and AC st...
-
7 CFR 51.889 - Well developed grapes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Well developed grapes. 51.889 Section 51.889... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.889 Well developed grapes. Well developed grapes means grapes which are not abnormally small for the...
-
7 CFR 51.889 - Well developed grapes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Well developed grapes. 51.889 Section 51.889... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.889 Well developed grapes. Well developed grapes means grapes which are...
-
7 CFR 51.889 - Well developed grapes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Well developed grapes. 51.889 Section 51.889... (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.889 Well developed grapes. Well developed grapes means grapes which are...
-
7 CFR 51.889 - Well developed grapes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Well developed grapes. 51.889 Section 51.889... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.889 Well developed grapes. Well developed grapes means grapes which are not abnormally small for the...
-
7 CFR 51.889 - Well developed grapes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Well developed grapes. 51.889 Section 51.889... STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.889 Well developed grapes. Well developed grapes means grapes which are not abnormally small for the...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... Between the United States of America and the European Community” (the MRA), signed at London May 18, 1998. For codification purposes, certain provisions of the MRA have been modified for use in this part. This modification is done for purposes of clarity only and shall not affect the text of the MRA concluded between...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... Between the United States of America and the European Community” (the MRA), signed at London May 18, 1998. For codification purposes, certain provisions of the MRA have been modified for use in this part. This modification is done for purposes of clarity only and shall not affect the text of the MRA concluded between...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... Between the United States of America and the European Community” (the MRA), signed at London May 18, 1998. For codification purposes, certain provisions of the MRA have been modified for use in this part. This modification is done for purposes of clarity only and shall not affect the text of the MRA concluded between...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... Between the United States of America and the European Community” (the MRA), signed at London May 18, 1998. For codification purposes, certain provisions of the MRA have been modified for use in this part. This modification is done for purposes of clarity only and shall not affect the text of the MRA concluded between...
-
Currently, approximately 80% of ammonia (NH3) emissions in the United States (U.S.) originate from livestock waste. This report summarizes and discusses recent available U.S. and European information on NH3 emissions from swine farms and assesses the applicability for general use...
-
Phages infecting human-associated Bacteroides fragilis (GB-124 phages) have been employed in the European Union (EU) to identify human fecal pollution, but their utility for U.S. was unclear. Primary sewage effluent samples were collected seasonally from seven wastewater treatme...
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lyon, J.F.; Grieger, G.; Rau, F.
The present status of stellarator experiments and recent progress in stellarator research (both experimental and theoretical) are reported by groups in the United States, the USSR, Japan, Australia, and the European Community (the Federal Republic of Germany and Spain). Experiments under construction and studies of large, next-generation stellarators are also described. 73 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs.
-
76 FR 63807 - Leif Erikson Day, 2011
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-13
... Erikson Day, 2011 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The first Europeans... discoveries. When they landed in modern day Canada, they founded the settlement of Vinland and established a... predecessors centuries earlier. On Leif Erikson Day, we commemorate these historic voyages and celebrate the...
-
2015-01-01
Syria's energy sector has encountered a number of challenges as a result of conflict and subsequent sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union. Damage to energy infrastructure—including oil and natural gas pipelines and electricity transmission networks—hindered the exploration, development, production, and transport of the country's energy resources.
-
Transborder Flow of Computerized Information: Controls and Restrictions.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shrader, Erwin
Of major concern to United States position and policy in the telecommunications and information areas is "transborder data flow," the transferring of computer stored data between nations. Many European nations, including France, Austria, and West Germany, have enacted laws regulating the flow of information leaving the country where it…
-
21 CFR 26.43 - Transmission of quality system evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Specific Sector Provisions for Medical Devices § 26.43 Transmission of quality system... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Transmission of quality system evaluation reports...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-07-18
... Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) programs: Comprehensive(84.116B), European Union-United States (84.116J), US... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [Docket No. ED-2013-ICCD-0094] Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) Annual and Final Performance...
-
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false One variety. 51.890 Section 51.890 Agriculture... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.890 One variety. One...
-
21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...
-
21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...
-
21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...
-
21 CFR 26.41 - Exchange and endorsement of quality system evaluation reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exchange and endorsement of quality system... DEVICE QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES... endorsement of quality system evaluation reports. (a) Listed European Community (EC) conformity assessment...
-
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1995-08-18
This task report concerning alternative models of public and private sector involvement is the third in a series comprising the overall study, Overcoming Barriers to ITS - Lessons from Other Technologies: This report examines different ways the publi...
-
Quality Assurance in In-House Continuing Training. Case Studies from Europe.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Severing, Eckart; Stahl, Thomas
Nine European Community Member States (Belgium, Germany, France, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom) conducted national studies that involved case studies of quality assurance in continuing education. Analysis of findings indicated that many firms regarded continuing training as a central instrument for achieving…
-
A Tectonic Shift in Global Higher Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Daniel, John; Kanwar, Asha; Uvalic-Trumbic, Stamenka
2006-01-01
Europeans lament that their universities are lagging behind those in the United States, while Americans worry that their academic leadership is threatened by complacency. Both groups, however, are missing the tectonic shift that will transform the map of higher education worldwide--the growth of universities in the developing world. Spreading…
-
United States European Command
put to the ultimate training test April 16-27 as they reacted to a simulated 6.0 magnitude earthquake through technical and tactical skills training during exercise Stoney Run in Germany. Nato Support U.S a multinational joint equipment training brief April 2, 2018. Steady Presence Latvian Joint Terminal
-
Jazz: An Afro-American Art Music.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Griffin, Marie P.
1983-01-01
Discussion of roots of jazz--form of art music which originated in United States through confrontation of blacks with European music--highlights jazz styles and stylists, blues, ragtime, dixieland, big bands, bop, cool jazz, modern jazz, jazz recording, jazz discography, and jazz collection in the library. Thirty-four references are cited. (EJS)
-
Climate change : observations on the potential role of carbon offsets in climate change legislation
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2009-03-05
Currently, carbon offsets are generated, bought, and sold in two types of markets. In markets such as the United States, which does not have binding limits on emissions, the market is referred to as a voluntary market. Conversely, in the European Uni...
-
Young Once, Indian Forever: Youth Gangs in Indian Country
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bell, James; Lim, Nicole
2005-01-01
Not unlike mainstream society of the United States, Indian Country faces new challenges regarding the values, mores, and behavior of its young people. Since their first encounters with European explorers, American Indians have fought to preserve their culture and traditions. Federal policies that addressed the "Indian problem" by…
-
2007-02-01
Universities are charities that have a duty to solicit help to fulfil their ambitions, both in the provision of education and in the conduct of research. If European higher education institutions are to compete effectively on a global scale, they must become as good at fundraising as their competitors in the United States.
-
Native American Higher Education in the United States.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carney, Cary Michael
This book presents a comprehensive history of higher education for American Indians. Following an introduction, chapter 2 covers the Colonial Period, from European contact to the establishment of the U.S. Government. Some of the earliest universities, most notably Harvard, Dartmouth, and William and Mary, specifically claimed to have had American…
-
General Historical Survey of Federal Indian Policies. Chapter II.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Stockman, W. H.
This paper summarizes the history of North America, especially of the United States, from the earliest explorations and settlements through the present. Emphasis is placed on the Europeans' effect on American Indian life and the inadequate development of Indian education. Comparisons are made between the various colonizers' Indian policies before…
-
We reviewed compliance monitoring requirements in the European Union (EU), the United States(USA), and the Oslo-Paris Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR), and evaluated if these are met by passive sampling methods for nonpola...
-
Patent Opposition Considerations for the Technology Transfer Professional
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wilson, Mark B.; Alge, Daniel
2007-01-01
Many jurisdictions, including the European Patent Office (EPO), have opposition proceedings in which an interested third party can challenge the validity of the claims of an issued patent. The United States Congress is considering legislation that would introduce opposition proceedings in the USA. This paper reviews the existing EPO and proposed…
-
Engaging Community Resources for Experiencing Brazilian Music
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Macedo Dekaney, Elisa; Cunningham, Deborah A.
2009-01-01
For the past century and more, music education in the United States has focused primarily on Western European music traditions. Despite considerable efforts to include music from other regions and peoples in the curriculum, traditional music from world cultures is still not greatly represented. The benefits of a curriculum that incorporates…
-
IQ and Fertility: A Cross-National Study
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shatz, Steven M.
2008-01-01
Many studies have found a small to moderate negative correlation between IQ and fertility rates. However, these studies have been limited to the United States and some European countries. The present study was a between-nation study using national IQ scores and national fertility rates. There were strong negative correlations found between…
-
1990-03-15
move into industrial applications. Under the European Researh Coordination Agency (EUREKA) program, they are also developing capabilities for real-iiime...thermoplastics using the molecular biology approaches will continue. In the composite arena, work has begun on identifying biosynthetic pathways for the
-
Optimizing Resources of United States Navy for Humanitarian Operations
2014-08-26
advised U.S. and European firms for several years in the petrochemical, semiconductor, paper and pulp products, and steel industries, focusing on enabling...roads are not traversable and bridges have collapsed. There is no potable water available. There is the fear of outbreak of diseases like cholera and
-
Detection of mixed virus population in freesea plants with necrotic disease
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Necrotic disorder of freesia (Freesia refracta hyb., Family Iridaceae) was first described in The Netherlands before 1970. In subsequent years, the disorder was widely reported in other European countries and more recently also in the United States and in New Zealand. The presence of the Ophiovirus ...
-
Transatlantic Moves to the Market: The United States and the European Union
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Slaughter, Sheila; Cantwell, Brendan
2012-01-01
The theory of academic capitalism is used to explore US and EU marketization trajectories. Comparisons are made along the following dimensions: creation and expansion of intermediating organizations external to universities that promote closer relations between universities and markets; interstitial organizations that emerge from within…
-
Screening larch in vitro for resistance to Mycosphaerella laricina
M.E. Ostry; Paula M. Pijut; D.D. Skilling
1991-01-01
Needle blight of larch caused by Mycosphaerella laricina seriously limits the productivity of susceptible trees in the north central and northeastern United States. Adventitious shoots, derived from cotyledon tissue culture, of selected European larch (Larix decidua) and a hybrid larch were inoculated in vitro with three isolates...
-
Bush vs. Obama Detainee Policy Post-9/11: An Assessment
2010-01-01
detainees, including Abd al- Rahim al-Nashiri, the accused architect of al-Qaeda’s bombing of the Navy destroyer USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, were to be...foreign inmates absent a formal agreement. Lithuania began talks with the United States about accepting prisoners from Guantanamo, and the European
-
Challenging Anti-Immigration Discourses in School and Community Contexts
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Allexsaht-Snider, Martha; Buxton, Cory A.; Harman, Ruth
2012-01-01
Rapid migration shifts, anti-immigrant discourses in the public sphere, and harsh immigration policies have posed daunting challenges for immigrant students, their families, their teachers, and their communities in the 21st century. Trends in public discourse and law enforcement in the United States mirror developments in European countries with…
-
Trump, Benjamin D
2017-11-01
Synthetic biology is an emerging technology with potential benefits to various fields, yet also contains potential risks to human and environmental health. The field remains in an emerging state with limited quantitative guidance and a small but growing population of international researchers that conduct work within this field. Given the uncertain nature of this technology, an adaptive and anticipatory governance framework may be necessary to balance the potential benefits that may accrue from the technology's continued research alongside a desire to reduce or eliminate potential risks that may arise. However, such developments must account for the unique political and institutional factors that form a government's risk culture - something that can facilitate or impede the development of adaptive synthetic biology governance moving forward. The TAPIC framework helps illustrate those factors that are essential to develop good governance for emerging technologies like synthetic biology. Specifically, an application of TAPIC to synthetic biology governance indicates that the factors of accountability, participation, and integrity must be bolstered to improve technology governance in governments like with the United States, European Union, and Singapore. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
-
The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity
Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon
2016-01-01
We present a comprehensive assessment of genomic diversity in the African-American population by studying three genotyped cohorts comprising 3,726 African-Americans from across the United States that provide a representative description of the population across all US states and socioeconomic status. An estimated 82.1% of ancestors to African-Americans lived in Africa prior to the advent of transatlantic travel, 16.7% in Europe, and 1.2% in the Americas, with increased African ancestry in the southern United States compared to the North and West. Combining demographic models of ancestry and those of relatedness suggests that admixture occurred predominantly in the South prior to the Civil War and that ancestry-biased migration is responsible for regional differences in ancestry. We find that recent migrations also caused a strong increase in genetic relatedness among geographically distant African-Americans. Long-range relatedness among African-Americans and between African-Americans and European-Americans thus track north- and west-bound migration routes followed during the Great Migration of the twentieth century. By contrast, short-range relatedness patterns suggest comparable mobility of ∼15–16km per generation for African-Americans and European-Americans, as estimated using a novel analytical model of isolation-by-distance. PMID:27232753
-
Regulating danger on the highways: hours of service regulations.
Mansfield, Daniel; Kryger, Meir
2015-12-01
Current hours of service regulations governing commercial truck drivers in place in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the European Union are summarized and compared to facilitate the assessment of the effectiveness of such provisions in preventing fatigue and drowsiness among truck drivers. Current hours of service provisions governing commercial truck drivers were derived from governmental sources. The commercial truck driver hours of service provisions in the United States, Canada, and the European Union permit drivers to work 14 hours and those of Australia permit drivers to work 12 hours a day on a regular basis. The regulations do not state what a driver may do with time off. They are consistent with a driver being able to drive after 24 hours without sleep. They do not take into account circadian rhythm by linking driving or rest to time of day. Current hours of service regulations governing commercial truck drivers leave gaps--permitting drivers to work long hours on a regular basis, permitting driving after no sleep for 24 hours, and failing to take into account the importance of circadian rhythm, endangering the public safety and the truck drivers themselves. Copyright © 2015 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hoste, Serge; Donaldson, Gordon; Ausloos, Marcel
2008-03-01
This issue of Superconductor Science and Technology (SuST) contains plenary and invited papers presented at the 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS '07) held in Brussels, Belgium between 16-20 September 2007. All the papers that were submitted to the Conference Proceedings and accepted by the referees are published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). The scientific aims of EUCAS '07 followed the tradition established at the preceding conferences in Göttingen (Germany), Edinburgh (United Kingdom), Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Sitges (Spain), Lyngby (Denmark), Sorrento (Italy) and Vienna (Austria). The focus was on the interplay between the most recent developments in superconductor research and the positioning of applications of superconductivity in the marketplace. Although initially founded as an exchange forum mainly for European scientists, it has gradually developed into a truly international meeting with significant attendance from the Far East and the United States. Under the guidance of ESAS (the European Society for Applied Superconductivity), this Brussels conference was jointly organized by the University of Ghent and the University of Liège and attracted 795 participants to the scientific programme, including 173 students. Participants from 46 countries included considerable attendance from the Far East (30%) and from the United States and Canada (7%). The latest developments from 30 companies were presented, and 13 plenary and 28 invited lectures highlighted the state-of-the-art in the area of materials (large- as well as small-scale applications were presented). A total of 347 papers from those submitted were selected for publication in JPCS and SuST. EUCAS '07 stimulated optimism and enthusiasm for this fascinating field of research and its technological potential, especially among the numerous young researchers attending this conference. In addition, it gave the leading scientific authorities a forum in which they were able to reflect upon the present state-of-the-art, requirements for further developments and the detailed implementation of superconducting technology in such diverse fields as biomagnetism, energy production, new computer architectures, energy transportation systems and microwave devices. Together with the conference organizers, the Guest Editors of this issue of SuST are grateful to all those who participated in the meeting and contributed to its success.
-
PREFACE: 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS'07)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hoste, Serge; Ausloos, Marcel
2008-03-01
This issue of Journal of Physics: Conference Series contains contributed papers presented at the 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS'07) that was held in Brussels, Belgium from 16-20 September 2007. The plenary and invited papers were published in the journal Superconductor Science and Technology. The scientific aims of EUCAS'07 followed the tradition established at the preceding conferences in Göttingen (Germany), Edinburgh (United Kingdom), Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Sitges (Spain), Lyngby (Denmark), Sorrento (Italy) and Vienna (Austria). The focus was placed on the interplay between the most recent developments in superconductor research and the positioning of applications of superconductivity in the marketplace. Although initially founded as an exchange forum mainly for European scientists, it has gradually developed into a truly international meeting with a very significant attendance from the Far East and the United States. Under the guidance of ESAS (the European Society for Applied Superconductivity) this Brussels conference was jointly organized by the University of Ghent and the University of Liege and attracted 795 participants to the scientific programme including a healthy number of 173 students. Participants from 46 countries included a considerable 30% attendance from the Far East and 7% from the United States and Canada. Thirty companies presented their latest developments in the field; 13 plenary and 28 invited lectures highlighted the state-of-the-art in the areas of materials, large-scale as well as small-scale applications were given. Based on a refereed evaluation of all the papers and posters submitted, 347 papers were selected for publication in the IOP electronic journal Journal of Physics: Conference Series and in Superconductor Science and Technology. EUCAS'07 spread a lot of optimism and enthusiasm for this fascinating field of research and for its well established technological potential, especially among the numerous young researchers attending this conference. In addition, it gave the leading scientific authorities a forum in which they were able to reflect upon the present state of the art, the requirements for further developments, the detailed implementation of superconducting technology in such diverse fields as biomagnetism, energy production, new computer architectures, energy transportation systems and microwave devices. Together with the conference organizers, the Superconductor Science and Technology editors are grateful to all those who participated in the meeting and contributed to its success. Serge Hoste and Marcel Ausloos
-
Wakie, Tewodros T; Yee, Wee L; Neven, Lisa G
2018-05-28
The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest of cherries (Prunus spp.) (Rosaceae) in Europe and Asia. In 2016, R. cerasi was detected in Ontario, Canada, and in 2017 in New York State, USA, the first records of this pest in North America. The initial detections in Canada caused concern for the major cherry-growing states of Michigan, Washington, Oregon, and California in the United States. Establishment of R. cerasi in the United States could restrict cherry exports to other markets and increase costs needed for fly control, but it is unknown if R. cerasi can establish in U.S. commercial cherry regions. Here, we used the CLIMEX ecological niche model to determine the risk of establishment of R. cerasi in the United States and globally. Within the United States under a no-irrigation scenario, R. cerasi would establish in the East and West Coasts; however, under an irrigation scenario, its distribution would expand to the major cherry-growing regions in the interior of central and eastern Washington and in California. Results also showed that if introduced, R. cerasi would likely establish in eastern China, Japan, the Koreas, Australia, New Zealand, South America, South Africa, Mexico, and Canada. Host plant (Prunus spp. and Lonicera spp. [Caprifoliaceae]) presence, although not included in models, would affect fly establishment. Our results stress the importance of surveying for R. cerasi to prevent its spread and establishment within the United States and other countries.
-
Alcohol industry self-regulation: who is it really protecting?
Noel, Jonathan; Lazzarini, Zita; Robaina, Katherine; Vendrame, Alan
2017-01-01
Self-regulation has been promoted by the alcohol industry as a sufficient means of regulating alcohol marketing activities. However, evidence suggests that the guidelines of self-regulated alcohol marketing codes are violated routinely, resulting in excessive alcohol marketing exposure to youth and the use of content that is potentially harmful to youth and other vulnerable populations. If the alcohol industry does not adhere to its own regulations the purpose and design of these codes should be questioned. Indeed, implementation of alcohol marketing self-regulation in Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States was likely to delay statutory regulation rather than to promote public health. Moreover, current self-regulation codes suffer from vague language that may allow the industry to circumvent the guidelines, loopholes that may obstruct the implementation of the codes, lax exposure guidelines that can allow excessive youth exposure, even if properly followed, and a standard of review that may be inappropriate for protecting vulnerable populations. Greater public health benefits may be realized if legislative restrictions were applied to alcohol marketing, and strict statutory alcohol marketing regulations have been implemented and defended successfully in the European Union, with European courts declaring that restrictions on alcohol marketing are proportional to the benefits to public health. In contrast, attempts to restrict alcohol marketing activities in the United States have occurred through private litigation and have been unsuccessful. None the less, repeated violations of industry codes may provide legislators with sufficient justification to pass new legislation and for such legislation to withstand constitutional review in the United States and elsewhere. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.
-
The History of Uranium Mining and the Navajo People
Brugge, Doug; Goble, Rob
2002-01-01
From World War II until 1971, the government was the sole purchaser of uranium ore in the United States. Uranium mining occurred mostly in the southwestern United States and drew many Native Americans and others into work in the mines and mills. Despite a long and well-developed understanding, based on the European experience earlier in the century, that uranium mining led to high rates of lung cancer, few protections were provided for US miners before 1962 and their adoption after that time was slow and incomplete. The resulting high rates of illness among miners led in 1990 to passage of the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. PMID:12197966
-
Abortion in adolescence: a four-country comparison.
Welsh, P; McCarthy, M; Cromer, B
2001-01-01
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparison, using qualitative analytic methodology, of perceptions concerning abortion among health care providers and administrators, along with politicians and anti-abortion activists (total n = 75) in Great Britain, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the United States. In none of these countries was there consensus about abortion prior to legalization, and, in all countries, public discussion continues to be present. In general, after legalization of abortion has no longer made it a volatile issue European countries have refocused their energy into providing family planning services, education, and more straightforward access to abortion compared with similar activities in the United States.
-
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: latest developments.
Suay-García, B; Pérez-Gracia, M T
2017-07-01
Gonorrhea is the second most frequently reported notifiable disease in the United States and is becoming increasingly common in Europe. The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in order to evaluate future prospects for its treatment. An exhaustive literature search was conducted to include the latest research regarding drug resistance and treatment guidelines for gonorrhea. Gonococci have acquired all known resistance mechanisms to all antimicrobials used for treatment. Currently, the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom have established surveillance programs to assess, on a yearly basis, the development of gonococcal resistance. Current treatment guidelines are being threatened by the increasing number of ceftriaxone-, cefixime-, and azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains being detected worldwide. This has led the scientific community to develop new treatment options with new molecules in order to persevere in the battle against this "superbug".
-
Analysis of Medicine Prices in New Zealand and 16 European Countries.
Vogler, Sabine; Kilpatrick, Kate; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din
2015-06-01
To compare prices of medicines, both originators and generics, in New Zealand and 16 European countries. Ex-factory price data as of December 2012 from New Zealand and 16 European countries were compared for a basket of 14 medicines, most of which were at least partially funded by the state in the 17 countries. Five medicines had, at least in some countries, generic versions on the market whose prices were also analyzed. Medicine price data for the 16 European countries were provided by the Pharma Price Information service. New Zealand medicine prices were retrieved from the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Schedule. Unit prices converted into euro were compared at the ex-factory price level. For the 14 medicines surveyed, considerable price differences at the ex-factory price level were identified. Within the European countries, prices in Greece, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Spain ranked at the lower end, whereas prices in Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden were at the upper end. The results for New Zealand compared with Europe were variable. New Zealand prices were found in the lowest quartile for five medicines and in the highest quartile for seven other products. Price differences between the originator products and generic versions ranged from 0% to 90% depending on the medicine and the country. Medicine prices varied considerably between European countries and New Zealand as well as among the European countries. These differences are likely to result from national pricing and reimbursement policies. Copyright © 2015 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
Brazil to Join the European Southern Observatory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2010-12-01
The Federative Republic of Brazil has yesterday signed the formal accession agreement paving the way for it to become a Member State of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Following government ratification Brazil will become the fifteenth Member State and the first from outside Europe. On 29 December 2010, at a ceremony in Brasilia, the Brazilian Minister of Science and Technology, Sergio Machado Rezende and the ESO Director General, Tim de Zeeuw signed the formal accession agreement aiming to make Brazil a Member State of the European Southern Observatory. Brazil will become the fifteen Member State and the first from outside Europe. Since the agreement means accession to an international convention, the agreement must now be submitted to the Brazilian Parliament for ratification [1]. The signing of the agreement followed the unanimous approval by the ESO Council during an extraordinary meeting on 21 December 2010. "Joining ESO will give new impetus to the development of science, technology and innovation in Brazil as part of the considerable efforts our government is making to keep the country advancing in these strategic areas," says Rezende. The European Southern Observatory has a long history of successful involvement with South America, ever since Chile was selected as the best site for its observatories in 1963. Until now, however, no non-European country has joined ESO as a Member State. "The membership of Brazil will give the vibrant Brazilian astronomical community full access to the most productive observatory in the world and open up opportunities for Brazilian high-tech industry to contribute to the European Extremely Large Telescope project. It will also bring new resources and skills to the organisation at the right time for them to make a major contribution to this exciting project," adds ESO Director General, Tim de Zeeuw. The European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) telescope design phase was recently completed and a major review was conducted where every aspect of this large project was scrutinised by an international panel of independent experts. The panel found that the E-ELT project is technically ready to enter the construction phase. The go-ahead for E-ELT construction is planned for 2011 and when operations start early in the next decade, European, Brazilian and Chilean astronomers will have access to this giant telescope. The president of ESO's governing body, the Council, Laurent Vigroux, concludes: "Astronomers in Brazil will benefit from collaborating with European colleagues, and naturally from having observing time at ESO's world-class observatories at La Silla and Paranal, as well as on ALMA, which ESO is constructing with its international partners." Notes [1] After ratification of Brazil's membership, the ESO Member States will be Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. More information ESO, the European Southern Observatory, is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world's most productive astronomical observatory. It is supported by 14 countries: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope, the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory and VISTA, the world's largest survey telescope. ESO is the European partner of a revolutionary astronomical telescope ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. ESO is currently planning a 42-metre European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the E-ELT, which will become "the world's biggest eye on the sky".
-
Putting the International Space Station to work.
Clancy, Paul
2003-08-01
The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest international cooperative science and technology project ever undertaken. Involving the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada and 10 ESA Member States, it is now rapidly becoming a reality in orbit, offering unprecedented access for research and applications under space conditions. Europe has invested heavily in this endeavour and plans to exploit that investment by a vigorous utilisation of the ISS for life and physical sciences research and applications, space science, Earth observation, space technology development, the promotion of commercial access to space, and the use of space for educational purposes. In recent years, ESA has engaged in an intensive promotional effort to encourage potential user communities to exploit the novel opportunities that the ISS offers. It has also made significant financial commitments to develop both multi-user facilities for life and physical sciences studies in the Columbus Laboratory, and observational and technology exposure instruments using the external Columbus mounting locations, as well as giving financial support to promote commercial and educational activities. ESA has now elaborated a European Strategy for the efficient utilisation of the ISS by European scientists and other users, which is being coordinated with the Agency's Member States contributing to the ISS Programme, and with the European Science Foundation (ESF). In cooperation with the European Commission, ESA is also fostering synergy with the European Commission's Framework Programmes in terms of shared R&D objectives. This article describes the plan that has been evolved to integrate all of these various elements.
-
United States and Western European Terrorist Groups - Current Status and Future Perspective.
1982-06-07
State, p. 173, 174 A respected commentator on terrorism, Walter Laqueur, Chairman of the International Research Council of the Center for Strategic ...American Nazi Party), the Black Panther Party, ( BPP ) and the American Indian Movement (AIM) were primarily involved in terrorist efforts in the late 60s...claiming to represent the JDL telephoned news organizations and said that the militant group was responsible for the fire. Subsequently leaders of the JDL
-
Russia’s Role in the Emerging Eurasian Security Environment
2008-01-01
China for generations, racism, raw materials and land , are even more pressing in today‘s globalized environment. As far as Iran goes, Russian...THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 2 multipolar counterbalance, but neither Russia and China ...a decided amount of realpolitik geo-strategy guiding Russian relations with the United States, the European Union, China , the Central Asian states as
-
[Nutrient intake: concepts and international recommendations (first part)].
García Gabarra, A
2006-01-01
This revision on nutrient intakes pretends to analyse, compare and evaluate the various concepts and data used by different national and international bodies and authorities, reflecting their turn into legal norms and their evolution in recent years. At the same time it facilitates bibliographic references and Internet websites to those sources and it offers a glossary of used terms and their acronyms. Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union. Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrici6n Hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONS OF THE 1ST PART: At the European level there should be pointed out the long time interval existing between the publication of recommendations and their legislative implementation. One can observe the resistance of some Member States of the European Community to harmonize the recommendations and the legislation within the Community frame.
-
Labeling of genetically modified food: closer to reality in the United States?
Wohlers, Anton E
2013-01-01
Within the broader context of several related biotech developments, including the proliferation of GM food in American grocery stories, the recent decision by Whole Foods Market, Inc. to require the labeling of all genetically modified (GM) organism products sold in its stores by 2018, and the development of GM animals for consumption, this essay asks whether the United States is inching towards a policy of mandatory GM food labeling. The analysis highlights aspects of the biotechnology policy debate in the United States and European Union, and traces public opinion as well as grassroots and legislative efforts aimed at GM food labeling. Findings show that activities at the federal level do not suggest any major regulatory changes regarding labeling in the near future; however, a growing number of individual states are considering GM food labeling legislation and political momentum in favor of labeling has picked up in recent years. Voluntary labeling by food companies may also become increasingly common.
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Comparison of dairy operations failing compliance with current US and European Union (EU) standards for bulk-tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) as well as BTSCC standards proposed by 3 national organizations were evaluated using 2 populations of US dairy herds: Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHI) ...
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Frequency of herd noncompliance for somatic cell count (SCC) based on current US and European Union (EU) standards as well as for standards proposed by the National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) was examined for US Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) herds. For current US standards, regulatory action is...
-
Fritz Goro on Tape: An Emigre Photojournalist's Professional Biography.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smith, C. Zoe
Emigres associated with Black Star Picture Agency and "Life" shared much in common: most were well-educated European Jews who became journalists after being involved in other professions and most had worked for German magazines and had emigrated to the United States to pursue their careers while escaping the Nazis. After being trained on…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-03
...] International Conference on Harmonisation; Guidance on Q4B Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts... Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts for Use in the ICH Regions; Annex 11: Capillary... text from each of the three pharmacopoeias (United States, European, and Japanese) represented by the...
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-12
...] International Conference on Harmonisation; Guidance on Q4B Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts... Evaluation and Recommendation of Pharmacopoeial Texts for Use in the ICH Regions; Annex 10: Polyacrylamide... Electrophoresis General Chapter harmonized text from each of the three pharmacopoeias (United States, European...
-
Ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and spruce-fir forests [Chapter 2
Michael A. Battaglia; Wayne D. Shepperd
2007-01-01
Before European settlement of the interior west of the United States, coniferous forests of this region were influenced by many disturbance regimes, primarily fires, insects, diseases, and herbivory, which maintained a diversity of successional stages and vegetative types across landscapes. Activities after settlement, such as fire suppression, grazing, and logging...
-
Korean Wife-American Husband Families in America.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Don Chang
Many American servicemen have married Asian women and brought them to the United States. Asian wife-American husband families are unique compared to black-white or European-American marriages because they are both interracial and cross-cultural. Yet, few studies have been done to analyze their relationships and problems in adjusting to American…
-
Campfire Stories with George Catlin--An Encounter of Two Cultures.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC.
This lesson plan collection focuses on attitudes and opinions held by Native Americans and European Americans about the United States. The lesson plans are arranged in four sections: (1) "Ancestral Lands" (Debating for Land; Making Treaties and Weaving Wampum; Pipestone Quarry and Westward Expansion: Whose Rock Is It Anyway); (2)…
-
Empowering Student Teachers To Teach from a Multicultural Perspective.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Moore, John A.
This paper presents case studies of four middle school preservice teachers' experiences with multicultural education during their approximately 16-week student teaching practicum in the southeastern United States. Student teachers were male and female, aged 21 to 42 years; one was African-American and three were European-American. The study was…
-
Giving Ourselves: The Ethics of Anatomical Donation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gunderman, Richard B.
2008-01-01
In some European countries, such as Italy, medical education is threatened by a dearth of anatomical specimens. Such a shortage could spread to other nations, including the United States. This article addresses two ethical questions in body donation. Why might people choose to donate their bodies to education and science? What sorts of ethical…
-
The Changing Image of Hispanic Americans
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Weaver, Charles N.
2005-01-01
Data from surveys representative of the adult population of the United States were used to examine changes from 1990 to 2000 in the image of Hispanic Americans on wealth, work ethic, violence, and intelligence as seen by 2,226 European Americans, 90 Jewish Americans, 304 African Americans, and 205 Hispanic Americans. The image that European…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive, polyphagous fruit fly that attacks soft-skinned fruits. Originally from Asia, D. suzukii has successfully invaded the United States as well as European and South American countries. Currently, calendar-based insecticide applicat...
-
Prospects for Vocational Education in the United States: Lessons from Germany
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lanford, Michael; Maruco, Tattiya; Tierney, William G.
2015-01-01
Germany is one of a handful of Western European nations (including Austria and the Netherlands) that maintains a highly-differentiated educational system in which secondary level students are sorted into different schools on the basis on their perceived scholastic abilities. Despite the numerous political and cultural shifts in Germany over the…
-
Seed dispersal ability of the invasive perennial vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and Vincetoxicum rossicum
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Black swallowwort and pale swallowwort are perennial vines of European origin that invade natural areas and perennial cropping systems in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Both species reproduce via wind-dispersed seeds in the form of achenes with a coma, but little is known a...
-
Identification of control agents and factors affecting pathogenicity of Phytophthora ramorum
Marianne Elliott; Simon F. Shamoun; Grace Sumampong; Delano James; Stephan C. Briere; Saad Masri; Aniko Varga
2008-01-01
A collection of 67 isolates of Phytophthora ramorum from the United States (U.S.), European Union (EU), and Canada was screened using differences in phenotypic traits (pathogenicity, growth rate at several temperatures, and sensitivity/resistance to metalaxyl, dimethomorph, and streptomycin) and for presence of cytoplasmic elements (dsRNA and...
-
Telecommunications Policy Research Conference. Computer and Communications Security Section. Papers.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Inc., Washington, DC.
In his paper, "European Needs and Attitudes towards Information Security," Richard I. Polis notes that the needs for security in computer systems, telecommunications, and media are rather uniform throughout Western Europe, and are seen as being significantly different from the needs in the United States. Recognition of these needs is,…
-
Wyoming big sagebrush: Efforts towards development of target plants for restoration
Kayla R. Herriman
2009-01-01
Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis) is a dominant shrub throughout much of the interior western United States. It is a key component of sagebrush steppe ecosystems, which have been degraded due to European settlement, improper land use, and changing fire regimes resulting from the invasion of exotic...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dickey, Wayne C.; Blumberg, Stephen J.
2004-01-01
Objective: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is a 25-item instrument developed to assess emotional and behavioral problems. The current study attempted to replicate previous European structural analyses and to describe the latent dimensions that underlie responses to the parent-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties…
-
21 CFR 26.50 - Alert system and exchange of postmarket vigilance reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... QUALITY SYSTEM AUDIT REPORTS, AND CERTAIN MEDICAL DEVICE PRODUCT EVALUATION REPORTS: UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Specific Sector Provisions for Medical Devices § 26.50 Alert system and exchange of... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Alert system and exchange of postmarket vigilance...
-
Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems: International Trends and Comparisons.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Farnham, David, Ed.
This collection of 17 essays focuses on how faculty are employed, rewarded, and managed at universities in developed and developing nations. The essays, which include an introduction, 10 essays discussing European practices, two that focus on Canada and the United States, three which focus on Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, and a concluding…
-
76 FR 18198 - European Union-United States Atlantis Program
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-01
... fonts: Times New Roman, Courier, Courier New, or Arial. An application submitted in any other font (including Times Roman or Arial Narrow) will not be accepted. The 6000-word limit does not apply to the cover... applicant or grantee is not financially stable; has a history of unsatisfactory performance; has a financial...
-
Retraining in Business German through the Goethe Institute in West Germany.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Clay, Gudrun; Schutte, Lilith
A college language instructor recounts his experience in a retraining program in business German at the West Germany's Goethe Institute. Twenty-eight individuals from the United States and from five European countries participated in a program that offered (1) a 14-day immersion into business-related German, (2) establishment of German business…
-
The Status of Continuing Higher Education at German Universities: A Metaphor Analysis
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Franz, Melanie; Feld, Timm C.
2015-01-01
Many European countries are currently witnessing an increased development and expansion of continuing higher education at universities. In Germany, this development has until now been rather modest in comparison to countries such as England, France, Finland and the United States. The status of continuing education still seems just as unclear as…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
We explored the population genetics of two European swallow-worts belonging to the Apocynaceae that have become established in the eastern United States and Canada. Population genetic data concerning both native and introduced populations are being used to pinpoint introduced population origin, and ...
-
Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice; James E. Zablotny
2009-01-01
Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire was first reported in North America from Ontario, Canada in 2008; specimens were collected in the field on red oak (Quercus rubra L.), on sticky traps, and also found in insect collections that dated from 1995. After hearing of this discovery in Ontario, unidentified Agrilus...
-
75 FR 33162 - Airworthiness Directives; Microturbo Saphir 20 Model 095 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-11
... information (MCAI) issued by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) to identify and correct an unsafe... States Code specifies the FAA's authority to issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106... the AD docket. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety...
-
Economists & Higher Learning in the Nineteenth Century.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barber, William J., Ed.
As part of a multi-nation research project on the institutionalization of political economy in European, Japanese, and North American universities, the 14 essays in this volume explore the roots of academic economics in the United States during the 19th century. The organization of the essays is designed to show the catalytic role economists…
-
Experiences with Violence in Mexican American and European American High School Dating Relationships
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Williams, Lela Rankin
2014-01-01
Violence in adolescent dating relationships has become increasingly normative in the United States, with the severity of the consequences increasing into adulthood. Minority youths are at an increased risk for experiencing moderate to severe forms of physical dating violence, yet they are less likely to seek professional services. This comparative…
-
International Trends in Productivity and Labor Costs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Capdevielle, Patricia; And Others
1982-01-01
Productivity increased in 1981 in the United States, Japan, and European countries studied. Gains ranged from 2 to 4 percent in the US, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, to 6 percent in England and Denmark, and more than 7 percent in Belgium. In Canada and Sweden, productivity remained essentially unchanged. (SSH)
-
Mobile Learning and Teacher Education: Researching MLEARN Pilot Development
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Passey, Don; Zozimo, Joana
2015-01-01
MLEARN, a European Union (EU)-funded project, is exploring and promoting teacher development of mobile learning practices in four member states--the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK) (England), Greece and Italy. This paper details the ways research findings have both fed into and been elicited from this pilot, supporting development and…
-
European bluetongue serotype 8: Disease threat assessment for US sheep
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Although as many as 15 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) have been detected in the United States (U.S.) in the past 15 years, only five are considered endemic. This clearly illustrates the ability of this transboundary, insect-transmitted virus to spread to new ecosystems. In the U.S., sheep are...
-
Germany in Europe: Enduring Issues. Social Studies Grades 6-12. Update 2002.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blankenship, Glen; Moffitt, Louisa
This instructional package, consisting of a text and 27 transparencies, is designed for the middle and secondary school classroom. The unit focuses on three topics: (1) "Germany in the European Union (EU)" (four lessons focusing on history of the EU, characteristics of member states, and EU governance); (2) "Economic Issues in…
-
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-21
... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [Docket No. APHIS-2011-0015...: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: We are advising the public... introducing or disseminating plant pests or noxious weeds via the importation of garlic from these countries...
-
Presidential Address: How to Improve Poverty Measurement in the United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blank, Rebecca M.
2008-01-01
This paper discusses the reasons why the current official U.S. poverty measure is outdated and nonresponsive to many anti-poverty initiatives. A variety of efforts to update and improve the statistic have failed, for political, technical, and institutional reasons. Meanwhile, the European Union is taking a very different approach to poverty…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Egg associated Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks have been a major cause of foodborne illness in Japan as well as in the United States and several European countries. Researchers have been attempting to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for the recovery of microorganisms from shell eggs. ...
-
Globalized Computing Education: Europe and the United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Scime, A.
2008-01-01
As computing makes the world a smaller place there will be an increase in the mobility of information technology workers and companies. The European Union has recognized the need for mobility and is instituting educational reforms to provide recognition of worker qualifications. Within computing there have been a number of model curricula proposed…
-
Notes on a Theatre Commons: Common Wealth's "The Deal versus the People" (2015)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hughes, Jenny
2017-01-01
"The Deal Versus the People" was a theatrical response created by people in Bradford (UK) to the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). A controversial trade deal between the European Union and United States being negotiated at the time of the production, TTIP threatened to deepen trade liberalisation, with potentially…
-
In Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), normalization calculates the magnitude of an impact (midpoint or endpoint) relative to the total effect of a given reference. Using a country or a continent as a reference system is a first step towards global normalization. The goal of this work ...
-
In Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), normalization calculates the magnitude of an impact (midpoint or endpoint) relative to the total effect of a given reference. Using a country or a continent as a reference system is a first step towards global normalization. The goal of this wor...
-
Parents and Peers as Social Influences to Deter Antisocial Behavior
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cook, Emily C.; Buehler, Cheryl; Henson, Robert
2009-01-01
Growth curve analyses were used to investigate parents' and peers' influence on adolescents' choice to abstain from antisocial behavior in a community-based sample of 416 early adolescents living in the Southeastern United States. Participants were primarily European American (91%) and 51% were girls. Both parents and peers were important…
-
Recently, corn grown for grain in the United States has increased from 28 million ha in 2006 to more than 35 million ha in 2007 with a production value of over $52 billion dollars. Transgenic corn expressing the plant incorporated protectant Bacillus thuringiensis toxin represen...
-
Red-cockaded woodpecker status and management: West Gulf Coastal Plain and Interior Highlands
D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner; Richard R. Schaefer; Daniel Saenz; Dawn K. Carrie; N. Ross Carrie; Ricky W. Maxey; Warren G. Montague; Joe Neal; Kenneth Moore; John Skeen; Jeffrey A. Reid
2004-01-01
Red-cockaded woodpecker populations declined precipitously following European settlement and expansion and cutting of the original pine forests across the southeastern United States. By 1990 most residual populations lacked demographic viability, existed in degraded habitat, and were isolated from other populations. The primary causes of this situation were harvest of...
-
Quest for Integrity: The Mexican-U.S. Drug Issue in the 1980s
1992-01-01
migrant workers, and drugs into the United States and have provided medical treatments (e.g., for cancer , AIDS) that Americans want but find prohibited in...with North Africa for the European cannabis market, which in any case prefers hashish to marijuana. - 53 - and that Mexican marijuana is of lower
-
General Framework for Employment. Tableau de Bord. (Synoptic Table). Second Edition.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Directorate-General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
This synoptic table provides an overview and comparison of employment trends and policy measures for each member state of the European Community. Information on the following countries is presented in eight chapters: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and United Kingdom. Chapter 0…
-
Keeping the Immigrant Bargain: The Costs and Rewards of Success in America
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Louie, Vivian
2012-01-01
Most nineteenth and early-twentieth-century European immigrants arrived in the United States with barely more than the clothes on their backs. They performed menial jobs, spoke little English, and often faced a hostile reception. But two or more generations later, the overwhelming majority of their descendants had successfully integrated into…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bornstein, Marc H.; Cote, Linda R. Y.
2004-01-01
Japanese and South American immigrant mothers' parenting cognitions (attributions and self-perceptions) were compared with mothers from their country of origin (Japan and Argentina, respectively) and European American mothers in the United States. Participants were 231 mothers of 20-month-old children. Generally, South American immigrant mothers'…
-
3 CFR - Presidential Determination on Major Illicit Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... Venezuela are vital to the national interests of the United States. Afghanistan remains the world's largest... major transit country for opiates and hashish for markets around the world and is a transit country for... proximity to southern Europe provides a natural gateway to European drug markets. Porous borders, inadequate...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jose, Paul E.; Huntsinger, Carol S.; Huntsinger, Phillip R.; Liaw, Fong-Ruey
2000-01-01
Compared self-reported parental values and child-rearing practices and teacher-reported and observed children's social skills among families of young children who were first-generation Chinese Americans, European Americans, or Taiwanese Chinese. All Chinese parents more strongly endorsed traditional Chinese values and exerted more parental control…
-
Developing ECEC Services in Regionalised Administrations: Scotland's Post-Devolution Experience
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cohen, Bronwen
2013-01-01
Devolution within the United Kingdom (UK) forms part of increased regionalisation in the European Union (EU). The post-devolution history of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Scotland illustrates problems arising from split responsibilities and nation-state policies that fail to take adequate account of devolved administrations. UK-led…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Misko, Josie
2015-01-01
There are lessons for Australia in the key approaches to the development, approval, maintenance and quality assurance of qualifications adopted in countries overseas. This research takes into account a range of approaches used in selected European Union (EU) member states (Germany, Finland and Sweden), the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland…
-
Evolutionary Origins of the Differences in Osteoporosis Risk in US Populations.
Nelson, Dorothy A
2018-03-23
Over the past 50 years, it has been increasingly evident that there are population differences in bone mass and the risk of osteoporosis. In the United States, many studies have reported a lower prevalence of osteoporosis in African Americans compared with people of European descent. If we trace the trajectory of changes in lifeways from the earliest migrations of early Homo out of Africa over the past two million years or so, to include lower vitamin D levels in higher latitudes; more meat in the diet; increasing sedentism; and a longer lifespan/longer postmenopausal period, it is not surprising that osteoporosis occurs more frequently in populations of European descent. While many scholars have explored the apparent "paradox" of higher bone mass, lower vitamin D levels, and higher parathyroid hormone levels among African Americans, this brief review of evolutionary shifts that affected our species may change the approach to understanding the current population differences in the United States. Copyright © 2018 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
Neurostimulation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
DeGiorgio, Christopher M.; Krahl, Scott E.
2013-01-01
Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence-based update on the neurostimulation options available for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in the United States and in European countries. Recent Findings: The field of neurostimulation for epilepsy has grown dramatically since 1997, when vagus nerve stimulation became the first device to be approved for epilepsy by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New data from recently completed randomized controlled trials are available for deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus, responsive neurostimulation, and trigeminal nerve stimulation. Although vagus nerve stimulation is the only device currently approved in the United States, deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation devices are awaiting FDA approval. Deep brain stimulation, trigeminal nerve stimulation, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation are now approved for epilepsy in the European Union. In this article, the mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of new neurostimulation devices are reviewed, and the key advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Summary: The exponential growth of the field of neuromodulation for epilepsy is an exciting development; these new devices provide physicians with new options for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. PMID:23739108
-
Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America, and Australia.
Bassett, David R; Pucher, John; Buehler, Ralph; Thompson, Dixie L; Crouter, Scott E
2008-11-01
This study was designed to examine the relationship between active transportation (defined as the percentage of trips taken by walking, bicycling, and public transit) and obesity rates (BMI > or = 30 kg . m-2) in different countries. National surveys of travel behavior and health indicators in Europe, North America, and Australia were used in this study; the surveys were conducted in 1994 to 2006. In some cases raw data were obtained from national or federal agencies and then analyzed, and in other cases summary data were obtained from published reports. Countries with the highest levels of active transportation generally had the lowest obesity rates. Europeans walked more than United States residents (382 versus 140 km per person per year) and bicycled more (188 versus 40 km per person per year) in 2000. Walking and bicycling are far more common in European countries than in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Active transportation is inversely related to obesity in these countries. Although the results do not prove causality, they suggest that active transportation could be one of the factors that explain international differences in obesity rates.
-
The European and American Use of Exploratory Approaches for First‐in‐Human Studies*
Silva‐Lima, Beatriz; Carlson, David; Jones, David R.; Laurie, David; Stahl, Elke; Maria, Vasco; Janssens, Walter; Robinson, William T.
2010-01-01
Abstract Exploratory approaches for first‐in‐human clinical studies have evolved over the last few years and have stimulated the issuance of national regulatory guidances in some European countries as well as the United States. With the increasing implementation of these approaches and the recent preparation of a multiregional regulatory guidance (ICH M3 rev2), an exchange of experiences on the opportunities and challenges of exploratory clinical trials was desirable; thus, a workshop focusing on the use of this clinical approach was planned and conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, March 18–19, 2009 sponsored by the Portuguese Health Authority (INFARMED) and DIA. The structure of the workshop focused in three main areas. Regulatory representatives from Portugal, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States formally reviewed their experiences. This was followed by a discussion on issues from an ethics review perspective as well as an insight to the opportunities in the area of biologics. The industry perspective was presented by representatives from Merck, Pfizer, J&J, Novartis, Speedel, AstraZeneca, GSK, and Roche. Finally, through break out sessions, issues were identified to be addressed moving forward. It is the purpose of this paper to report on the outcome of this workshop. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume #: 1–4 PMID:20443952
-
2015-10-01
where I am today without your love and support. To my daughters; who helped keep the pets controlled, the house clean, the Mom assisted and the...have been possible without the love and support from my wife and daughters. You inspire me. vi ABSTRACT In 2015 the Islamic Republic...financial transactions with American persons.12 In 2006, Iran reinforced its nuclear position by restarting uranium enrichment at Natanz and re
-
Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée; Esch, Robert; Plunkett, Greg; Brown, Shannon; Maddox, Daniel; Barnes, Charles; Constable, Derek
2011-11-01
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has become established in Europe, and its efficacy is being evaluated in the United States. The doses used for SLIT in Europe today are difficult to evaluate, because each manufacturer expresses the potency of its extracts differently. To compare in vitro European SLIT maintenance solutions against US licensed standardized allergenic extract concentrates and to determine the monthly SLIT doses delivered expressed in bioequivalent allergy units ([B]AU). We studied Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy grass pollen, cat (hair) and short ragweed pollen allergen extracts. The SLIT maintenance solutions of 4 leading European manufacturers and standardized concentrate extracts of 3 US manufacturers were analyzed with the following assays: protein content, relative potency (immunoglobulin E [IgE]-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] inhibition) and major allergen content. The relative monthly allergen dose in (B)AU was calculated for each recommended SLIT schedule. Relative potency was approximately 10 times higher for US concentrate standardized extracts-which are meant to be diluted-than for European SLIT maintenance solutions of D pteronyssinus and timothy grass pollen. For cat (hair) and short ragweed pollen, the difference was less. Measurements of relative potency and major allergen content correlated well. In our assays, European mite extracts contain a very low quantity of Der p 2 compared with US mites. Recommended SLIT doses in Europe vary widely among the manufacturers, but are consistently lower (Eur1) or higher (Eur4) over all four allergens tested. SLIT efficacy probably depends on additional factors apart from the exact dose. SLIT dose finding studies should be done for each product. Copyright © 2011 American College of Allergy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
-
Moschetti, Karine; Muzzarelli, Stefano; Pinget, Christophe; Wagner, Anja; Pilz, Günther; Wasserfallen, Jean-Blaise; Schulz-Menger, Jeanette; Nothnagel, Detle; Dill, Torsten; Frank, Herbert; Lombardi, Massimo; Bruder, Oliver; Mahrholdt, Heiko; Schwitter, Jürg
2012-06-14
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has favorable characteristics for diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of patients with known or suspected CAD. CMR utilization in CAD detection is growing fast. However, data on its cost-effectiveness are scarce. The goal of this study is to compare the costs of two strategies for detection of significant coronary artery stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD): 1) Performing CMR first to assess myocardial ischemia and/or infarct scar before referring positive patients (defined as presence of ischemia and/or infarct scar to coronary angiography (CXA) versus 2) a hypothetical CXA performed in all patients as a single test to detect CAD. A subgroup of the European CMR pilot registry was used including 2,717 consecutive patients who underwent stress-CMR. From these patients, 21% were positive for CAD (ischemia and/or infarct scar), 73% negative, and 6% uncertain and underwent additional testing. The diagnostic costs were evaluated using invoicing costs of each test performed. Costs analysis was performed from a health care payer perspective in German, United Kingdom, Swiss, and United States health care settings. In the public sectors of the German, United Kingdom, and Swiss health care systems, cost savings from the CMR-driven strategy were 50%, 25% and 23%, respectively, versus outpatient CXA. If CXA was carried out as an inpatient procedure, cost savings were 46%, 50% and 48%, respectively. In the United States context, cost savings were 51% when compared with inpatient CXA, but higher for CMR by 8% versus outpatient CXA. This analysis suggests that from an economic perspective, the use of CMR should be encouraged as a management option for patients with suspected CAD.
-
Rokuda, Mitsuhiro; Matsumaru, Naoki; Tsukamoto, Katsura
2018-02-01
Multiregional clinical trials (MRCT) are a standard strategy used to improve global drug approval efficiency and the feasibility of clinical trials. Japan is the world's third largest drug market with a unique health care system, making it a key inclusion as an operational region for MRCT (MRCT-JP) for global drug development. We aimed to identify the factors required for efficient drug development by comprehensively reviewing the clinical trials of drugs approved in Japan to identify the factors associated with whether or not MRCT-JP is implemented. We surveyed the review reports and summaries of application data published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. We identified drugs for which the clinical trial data package included MRCT-JP and selected the same number of drugs for which the clinical trial data package did not include MRCT-JP from the most recent survey period for comparison. We also examined other publication information, in addition to the review reports, as necessary. The influence of each explanatory variable was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, with whether or not MRCT-JP was implemented as the explanatory variable. Statistical significance was set at 5%. In the survey period up to September 2017, 165 drugs developed with MRCT-JP were approved for manufacture and sale in Japan. "Respiratory system," "inhalation," "biological drug," and "under review" evaluation status for the United States, European Union, and other areas, "approved" evaluation status for the United States, "new ingredients," "priority review," "non-Japanese firm," and "Top 1-10" and "Top 11-20" drug sales rankings for pharmaceutical companies were identified as potential factors leading to the implementation of MRCT-JP. In contrast, "general anti-infectives for systemic use," "various," "external," "chemical compound," "unsubmitted" evaluation status for both the United States and European Union, and "Top 51+" drug sales rankings were potential factors for not implementing MRCT-JP. Therapeutic classification and agent type, in addition to capital type and United States and European Union evaluation status suggested by a previous study, were associated with implementing MRCT-JP. It is important to determine the best way to utilize MRCT-JP to maximize the value of products. Our findings were based on successful cases and may therefore be helpful for designing clinical development plans. Appropriate use of MRCT-JP will improve productivity in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
-
Samoli, Evangelia; Peng, Roger; Ramsay, Tim; Pipikou, Marina; Touloumi, Giota; Dominici, Francesca; Burnett, Rick; Cohen, Aaron; Krewski, Daniel; Samet, Jon; Katsouyanni, Klea
2008-01-01
Background The APHENA (Air Pollution and Health: A Combined European and North American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the effect of air pollution on population health, bringing together data from the European APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) and U.S. NMMAPS (National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study) projects, along with Canadian data. Objectives The main objective of APHENA was to assess the coherence of the findings of the multicity studies carried out in Europe and North America, when analyzed with a common protocol, and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity. We present APHENA results on the effects of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) on the daily number of deaths for all ages and for those < 75 and ≥ 75 years of age. We explored the impact of potential environmental and socioeconomic factors that may modify this association. Methods In the first stage of a two-stage analysis, we used Poisson regression models, with natural and penalized splines, to adjust for seasonality, with various degrees of freedom. In the second stage, we used meta-regression approaches to combine time-series results across cites and to assess effect modification by selected ecologic covariates. Results Air pollution risk estimates were relatively robust to different modeling approaches. Risk estimates from Europe and United States were similar, but those from Canada were substantially higher. The combined effect of PM10 on all-cause mortality across all ages for cities with daily air pollution data ranged from 0.2% to 0.6% for a 10-μg/m3 increase in ambient PM10 concentration. Effect modification by other pollutants and climatic variables differed in Europe and the United States. In both of these regions, a higher proportion of older people and higher unemployment were associated with increased air pollution risk. Conclusions Estimates of the increased mortality associated with PM air pollution based on the APHENA study were generally comparable with results of previous reports. Overall, risk estimates were similar in Europe and in the United States but higher in Canada. However, PM10 effect modification patterns were somewhat different in Europe and the United States. PMID:19057700
-
Anesthesia Practice and Clinical Trends in Interventional Radiology: A European Survey
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Haslam, Philip J.; Yap, Bernard; Mueller, Peter R.
Purpose: To determine current European practice in interventional radiology regarding nursing care, anesthesia, and clinical care trends.Methods: A survey was sent to 977 European interventional radiologists to assess the use of sedoanalgesia, nursing care, monitoring equipment, pre- and postprocedural care, and clinical trends in interventional radiology. Patterns of sedoanalgesia were recorded for both vascular and visceral interventional procedures. Responders rated their preferred level of sedoanalgesia for each procedure as follows: (a) awake/alert, (b) drowsy/arousable, (c) asleep/arousable, (d) deep sedation, and (e) general anesthesia. Sedoanalgesic drugs and patient care trends were also recorded. A comparison was performed with data derived frommore » a similar survey of interventional practice in the United States.Results: Two hundred and forty-three of 977 radiologists responded (25%). The total number of procedures analyzed was 210,194. The majority (56%) of diagnostic and therapeutic vascular procedures were performed at the awake/alert level of sedation, 32% were performed at the drowsy/arousable level, and 12% at deeper levels of sedation. The majority of visceral interventional procedures were performed at the drowsy/arousable level of sedation (41%), 29% were performed at deeper levels of sedation, and 30% at the awake/alert level. In general, more sedoanalgesia is used in the United States. Eighty-three percent of respondents reported the use of a full-time radiology nurse, 67% used routine blood pressure/pulse oximetry monitoring, and 46% reported the presence of a dedicated recovery area. Forty-nine percent reported daily patient rounds, 30% had inpatient hospital beds, and 51% had day case beds.Conclusion: This survey shows clear differences in the use of sedation for vascular and visceral interventional procedures. Many, often complex, procedures are performed at the awake/alert level of sedation in Europe, whereas deeper levels of sedation are used in the United States. Trends toward making interventional radiology a clinical specialty are evident, with 51% of respondents having day case beds, and 30% having inpatient beds.« less
-
Announcement: Get Smart About Antibiotics Week - November 14-20, 2016.
2016-11-11
Get Smart About Antibiotics Week is November 14-20, 2016. This annual observance is intended to engage health care providers, professional societies, advocacy groups, for-profit companies, state and local health departments, the general public, the media, and others in an effort to improve antibiotic stewardship in outpatient, inpatient, nursing home, and animal health settings. During this week, participants will raise awareness of the threat of antibiotic resistance and emphasize the importance of appropriate antibiotic use across all health care settings. Get Smart About Antibiotics Week coincides with the World Health Organization's World Antibiotic Awareness Week and European Antibiotic Awareness Day (November 18). In addition to the United States and European Union, other participating countries and international organizations include Australia, Canada, and the Pan American Health Organization.
-
Life in the Universe - Is there anybody out there?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2001-07-01
The Universe is indescribably huge. Can it be possible that Humanity is the only form of intelligent life which exists in all this immensity? Are we really alone ? Throughout history there have been sightings of creatures from elsewhere. Science fiction novels and films with flying saucers and bizarre looking aliens are part of our general culture. Perhaps the Earth is really only an experiment designed by mice and soon we will all be destroyed to make way for a new interstellar highway ! The possibility that there is life in the Universe has always excited the general public and scientists are equally enthusiastic. Physicists, biologists, chemists, cosmologists, astronomers are researching all over Europe to try to answer this age-old question : Is there life in the Universe ? Our current understanding What is our understanding at the beginning of the 21st century? Is there any scientific evidence for other forms of life? How can you define life? What signs are they looking for? What would the reaction be if other forms of life were discovered? The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) , the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) , in cooperation with the European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE) have organised a competition to find out what the young people in Europe think. The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) are also associated with the programme. The "Life in the Universe" programme ESO PR Video Clip 05/01 [192x144 pix MPEG-version] ESO PR Video Clip 05/01 (13300 frames/8:52 min) [MPEG Video+Audio; 192x144 pix; 12.1Mb] [RealMedia; streaming; 56kps] ESO Video Clip 05/01 is a trailer for the Europe-wide "Life in the Universe" programme. It touches upon some of the main issues and includes statements by members of the Experts' Panel. The "Life in the Universe" programme is being mounted in collaboration with the research directorate of the European Commission for the "European Week of Science and Technology" in November 2001. Competitions are already underway in 23 European countries [2] to find the best projects from school students between 14 and 18. The projects can be scientific or a piece of art, a theatrical performance, poetry or even a musical performance. The only restriction is that the final work must be based on scientific evidence. Two winning teams from each country will be invited to a final event at CERN's headquarters, in Geneva on 8-11 November, 2001 to present their projects to a panel of International Experts at a special three day event devoted to understanding the possibility of other life forms existing in our Universe. This final event will be broadcast all over the world via the Internet. The website The home base of the 'Life in the Universe" project is a vibrant web space http://www.lifeinuniverse.org where details of the programme can be found. It is still under development but already has a wealth of information and links to the national websites, where all entries are posted. Is there other life in the Universe? We do not know - but the search is on! To find out what is happening for "Life in the Universe" in each country, contact the National Steering Committees ! Notes [1] This is a joint Press Release by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) , the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO). These European intergovernmental research organisations organised the highly successful Physics On Stage programme during the European Week of Science and Technology in 2000. [2] The 23 countries are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. CERN , the European Organization for Nuclear Research , has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have observer status. The European Space Agency (ESA) is an international/intergovernmental organisation made of 15 member states: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. ESA provides and promotes, for peaceful purposes only, cooperation among its member states in space research, technology and their applications. With ESA, Europe shapes and shares space for people, companies and the scientific community. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) is an intergovernmental organisation supported by Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland. ESO is a major driving force in European astronomy, performing tasks that are beyond the capabilities of the individual member countries. The ESO La Silla Observatory (Chile) is one of the largest and best-equipped in the world. Of ESO's Very Large Telescope Array (VLT) at Cerro Paranal (Chile), the four 8.2-m telescopes, ANTU, KUEYEN, MELIPAL and YEPUN are already in operation; the VLT Interferometer (VLTI) follows next.
-
Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union
2007-11-28
former Soviet Union.67 The State Department also manages and funds the International Science and Technology Center ( ISTC ) in Moscow and its companion...late 1992, the United States, Japan, the European Union, and Russia established the International Science and Technology Center ( ISTC ) in Moscow...funded nearly 1,700 projects that engaged about 41,000 scientists. In 2001, the ISTC in Moscow supported more than 22,000 scientists with more than $29
-
European Mobility of United Kingdom Educated Graduates. Who Stays, Who Goes?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Behle, Heike
2014-01-01
Official figures from the Home Office show an increase in mobility of the highly-skilled from the United Kingdom (UK) to other European countries. This paper analyses the social composition of intra-European mobile graduates from the UK in the context of recent political developments (Bologna-Process, European Higher Education Area). Using…
-
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gipe, P.
1989-09-01
The European Economic Community (EEC) sees a guaranteed market for 4,000 MW of wind energy through the year 2000, according to Komninos Diamantaras, wind program manager for the EEC in Brussels. Diamantaras says the European political climate for wind energy has changed for the better because of increased attention to air pollution's effect on global weather. He added that during the past year several common market members have announced plans to develop substantial amounts of wind energy. The United Kingdom, Denmark and the Netherlands have each stated their intent to build 1,000 MW of wind generation by the turn ofmore » the century, and Italy recently announced plans to add from 300-600 MW. Germany has also made plans to promote wind generation. The decision to include firms from non-EEC countries is left to the utility. Whether a U.S. firm will be permitted to bid on a EEC-member tender may be determined by its relation to European manufacturers. Regardless of the EEC's policy towards U.S. firms, member states may still exclude bidding by foreign firms for state subsidized projects when they are experimental. Just what is meant by experimental is has yet to be determined.« less
-
The politics of health inequalities research in the United States.
Navarro, Vicente
2004-01-01
In this article, based on a speech to the European Association of Health Policy, the author discusses the political context in which health inequalities research has historically operated in the United States. The discussion focuses on the limitations of research that uses income, consumption, and status as the primary categories of research practice, and demonstrates these limitations by critically analyzing The Health of Nations (by Kawachi and Kennedy). The author concludes that it is essential to use categories of analysis that focus on class relations as well as race and gender relations and their reproduction through the international and national institutions, to study their impact on the health and well-being of populations.
-
Ferreira, João Gomes; Bricker, Suzanne B; Simas, Teresa Castro
2007-03-01
The Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) screening model has been extended to allow its application to both estuarine and coastal systems. The model, which combines elements of pressure, state and response, was tested on four systems: Maryland Coastal Bays and Long Island Sound in the United States and The Firth of Clyde (Scotland) and Tagus Estuary (Portugal) in the European Union. The overall scores were: Maryland Coastal Bays: Bad; Firth of Clyde: Poor; Tagus Estuary: Good. Long Island Sound was modelled along a timeline, using 1991 data (score: Bad) and 2002 data (score: Moderate). The improvement registered for Long Island Sound is a consequence of the reduction in nutrient loading, and the ASSETS score changed accordingly. The two main areas where developments are needed are (a) In the definition of type-specific ranges for eutrophication parameters, due to the recognition that natural or pristine conditions may vary widely, and the use of a uniform set of thresholds artificially penalizes some systems and potentially leads to misclassification; (b) In the definition and quantification of measures which will result in an improved state through a change in pressures, as well as in the definition of appropriate metrics through which response may be assessed. One possibility is the use of detailed research models where different response scenarios potentially produce changes in pressure and state. These outputs may be used to drive screening models and analyze the suitability of candidate metrics for evaluating management options.
-
Education in Sweden. Bulletin, 1952, No. 17
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lindegren, Alina M.
1952-01-01
In November 1948 the United States Office of Education received an invitation through the Embassy of Sweden, Washington, D.C., from the Sweden-America Foundation in Stockholm for Dr. Alina M. Lindegren, Specialist in European Education to visit Sweden for three weeks in January, February or March 1949 as a guest of the Foundation. The idea behind…
-
Critical levels as applied to ozone for North American forests
Robert C. Musselman
2006-01-01
The United States and Canada have used concentration-based parameters for air quality standards for ozone effects on forests in North America. The European critical levels method for air quality standards uses an exposure-based parameter, a cumulative ozone concentration index with a threshold cutoff value. The critical levels method has not been used in North America...
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Two of five species of European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. Aggregate) along the West Coast of the United States are invasive, and they are also similar in appearance. Biological control by Phragmidium violaceum, causal agent of a rust disease, was under consideration when rust-diseased blackber...
-
Health-as-a-Value, Spirituality, and Cigarette and Alcohol Use among Russian High School Students
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pokhrel, Pallav; Masagutov, Radik; Kniazev, Vadim; Sussman, Steve
2012-01-01
National estimates suggest that the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use is higher among adolescents in Russia than among adolescents in the United States and other European countries. However, research on the psychosocial correlates of, as well as protective factors for, tobacco and alcohol use among Russian adolescents has been relatively…
-
Chapter 23: Corrosion of Metals in Wood Products
Samuel L. Zelinka
2014-01-01
The corrosion of metals in contact with wood has been studied for over 80 years, and in most situations wood is not corrosive [1]. Recently, however, the durability of fasteners in preservative--treated wood has become a concern. Changes in legislation and certification in the United States, the European Union, and Australasia have restricted the use of chromated...
-
Effects of Geographic Seed Source on the Form of Planted Loblolly Pine in Louisiana
H. E. Kennedy; A. B. Crow
1969-01-01
European foresters have long recognized that when seed are moved from one location to another, the possibilities of getting trees of good form, frost hardiness, and disease resistance are lessened. Early work on seed origin iD the United States ,was conducted with Douglas-fir ( (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinus...
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fuligni, Andrew; Masten, Carrie L.
2010-01-01
In contrast to the abundant research on family relationships during adolescence, the nature of family interactions during young adulthood remains comparatively unexamined. The current study explored ethnic differences in young adults' interactions with parents and siblings, the role of other activities in young adults' family interactions, and the…
-
Educating the Young Mathematician: A Historical Perspective through the Nineteenth Century
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Saracho, Olivia N.; Spodek, Bernard
2009-01-01
Educational programs for young children emerged reasonably early in the history of the United States of America. Its theoretical foundation was based on the thoughts and principles of various early European scholars who differed from one another in their educational theories and how they viewed experiences that would impact on young children's…
-
3 CFR 9037 - Proclamation 9037 of October 8, 2013. Leif Erikson Day, 2013
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
..., 2013 Proc. 9037 Leif Erikson Day, 2013By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation...'s familiar shores and set sail for Greenland. Erikson and his crew were not aiming to make history... them the first Europeans known to visit North America. Their settlement, Vinland, sustained them in the...
-
How to Read the Natural Landscape in Forests and Fields.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Davis, Millard C.
This booklet is one in a series of instructional aids designed for use by elementary and secondary school science teachers. First, the original natural scene of the eastern portion of the United States is described, from the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River, as it probably was before European man invaded in great numbers. How local…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Muir, Adrienne; Oppenheim, Charles
2002-01-01
Describes the results of a literature survey on recent developments in national information policies in the area of universal access that tries to ensure equal access to information, and considers the digital divide. Highlights include policies in Australia, Canada, the European Union, Hong Kong, the United States, and Okinawa. (Contains 64…
-
Moving the Pivot: Asians and American History.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Okihiro, Gary Y.
A new parochialism is present in the United States. The view represents a foreclosure that anchors itself to Europe against a tide of non-European peoples. U.S. Eurocentrists proclaim union on the basis of race to counter the perceived threat of non-whites and to stifle dissenting voices from those who would contest the dominant order. An…
-
Recently, corn grown for grain in the United States has increased from 28 million ha in 2006 to more than 35 million ha in 2007 with a production value of over $52 billion dollars. Transgenic corn expressing the plant incorporated protectant Bacillus thuringiensis toxin represen...
-
Paul H. Gobster
2012-01-01
Ecological restoration incorporates land management principles and activities aimed at returning a damaged or degraded ecosystem back to a key historic trajectory in order to achieve goals of ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability. In the United States, many restorationists look to ecological conditions present before the time of European settlement as the key...
-
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Spencer, F. A.
1980-01-01
The development and implementation of aircraft noise control regulations in various European states are described. The countries include the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands. Topics discussed include noise monitoring, airport curfews, land use planning, and the government structure for noise regulation.
-
Rasch Rating Scale Modeling of the Korean Version of the Beck Depression Inventory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hong, Sehee; Wong, Eunice C.
2005-01-01
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most frequently used instruments in the study of depression both within and outside of the United States. Though developed primarily with European American clinical populations, the BDI has been applied in nonclinical and non-Western samples. To determine whether such a practice is warranted, the…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zoellner, Don
2016-01-01
Many advanced market democracies pursue social justice by bundling together a range of programmes represented as active social policy. Northern European exemplars sanction employment as an economic and social citizen's civic obligation, promote lifelong learning and place welfare payments as a last resort. In the United States, market-based…
-
“I Think They All Felt Distressed!” Talking about Complex Issues in Early Childhood
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bentley, Dana; Reppucci, Anthony
2013-01-01
The Thanksgiving Day holiday celebrated in the United States is generally traced to a first harvest celebration in the newly established Plymouth colony (present-day Massachusetts). Traditional storytelling describes the first Thanksgiving feast as having been attended by 53 Pilgrims (the European settlers) and 90 Native Americans. The holiday can…
-
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kourea, Lefki; Lo, Ya-yu
2016-01-01
Improving academic, behavioural, and social outcomes of students through empirical research has been a firm commitment among researchers, policy-makers, and other professionals in education across Europe and the United States (U.S.). To assist in building scientific evidences, executive bodies such as the European Commission and the Institute for…
-
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Agricultural production systems and land use change for agriculture and forestry are important sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent commitments by the European Union, the United States, and China to reduce GHG emissions highlight the need to improve estimates of current em...