31 CFR 560.319 - United States depository institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false United States depository institution. 560.319 Section 560.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... entity, that is engaged primarily in the business of banking (for example, banks, savings banks, savings...

31 CFR 560.319 - United States depository institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false United States depository institution. 560.319 Section 560.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... entity, that is engaged primarily in the business of banking (for example, banks, savings banks, savings...

Medicaid and Childhood Immunizations: A National Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Joseph Tiang-Yau; Rosenbaum, Sara

In recent years, falling immunization rates in the United States have resulted in an increased number of cases of preventable diseases. For example, the United States ranks behind 16 other nations in proportion of infants immunized against polio. Reasons for the decline of immunizations include skyrocketing vaccine costs, rising poverty rates,…

77 FR 55529 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of the Gray Wolf in Wyoming From the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

... recovery may be achieved without all criteria being fully met. For example, one or more criteria may have... in Wyoming dismissed the case (State of Wyoming, et al., v. United States Department of Interior, et... Wyoming Federal District Court issued an order dismissing the case (State of Wyoming, et al., v. United...

Large-scale, long-term silvicultural experiments in the United States: historical overview and contemporary examples.

Treesearch

R. S. Seymour; J. Guldin; D. Marshall; B. Palik

2006-01-01

This paper provides a synopsis of large-scale, long-term silviculture experiments in the United States. Large-scale in a silvicultural context means that experimental treatment units encompass entire stands (5 to 30 ha); long-term means that results are intended to be monitored over many cutting cycles or an entire rotation, typically for many decades. Such studies...

An Algebraic Approach to Unital Quantities and their Measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domotor, Zoltan; Batitsky, Vadim

2016-06-01

The goals of this paper fall into two closely related areas. First, we develop a formal framework for deterministic unital quantities in which measurement unitization is understood to be a built-in feature of quantities rather than a mere annotation of their numerical values with convenient units. We introduce this idea within the setting of certain ordered semigroups of physical-geometric states of classical physical systems. States are assumed to serve as truth makers of metrological statements about quantity values. A unital quantity is presented as an isomorphism from the target system's ordered semigroup of states to that of positive reals. This framework allows us to include various derived and variable quantities, encountered in engineering and the natural sciences. For illustration and ease of presentation, we use the classical notions of length, time, electric current and mean velocity as primordial examples. The most important application of the resulting unital quantity calculus is in dimensional analysis. Second, in evaluating measurement uncertainty due to the analog-to-digital conversion of the measured quantity's value into its measuring instrument's pointer quantity value, we employ an ordered semigroup framework of pointer states. Pointer states encode the measuring instrument's indiscernibility relation, manifested by not being able to distinguish the measured system's topologically proximal states. Once again, we focus mainly on the measurement of length and electric current quantities as our motivating examples. Our approach to quantities and their measurement is strictly state-based and algebraic in flavor, rather than that of a representationalist-style structure-preserving numerical assignment.

Crop Farm Employee. Agricultural Cooperative Training. Vocational Agriculture. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyd, Chester; And Others

Designed for students enrolled in the Vocational Agricultural Cooperative Part-Time Training Program, this course of study contains 13 units for crop farm employees. Units include (examples of unit topics in parentheses): introduction (opportunities in farming, farming as a science, and farming in the United States), farm records (keeping farm…

Antidumping Action in the United States and Around the World: An Analysis of International Data. CBO Paper.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

the price of sugar to the point that some processors, such as soft-drink producers, have replaced it with high - fructose corn syrup . That example...United States, both one on one and in the aggregate. Antidumping duty rates are high enough to be significant impediments to trade, especially the duties...the United States, although their rates are still high enough to be significant impediments to trade. Among the most active users, Canada had the next

Towards Global Jihadism: Al-Qaeda’s Strategic, Ideological and Structural Adaptations since 9/11

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

against targets in the United States. This anecdotal survey of plots illuminates the contours of a multi -faceted threat fostered by, but not...continues to enable the violence of others orient that violence towards the United States and its allies in a distributed game of attrition warfare, and...11—served as a striking example of Al- Qaeda’s ongoing attempts to inflict significant pain on the United States five years after 9/11. Its

26 CFR 1.367(b)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Previously taxed earnings and profits. (i) Exchanging shareholder that is a United States person. (ii...) Inclusion of all earnings and profits amount. (ii) Examples. (iii)Recognition of exchange gain or loss with.... (3) Time and manner for filing notice. (i) United States persons described in § 1.367(b)-1(c)(2). (ii...

7 CFR 1430.102 - Eligible products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... must be manufactured from dairy cow's milk produced in the United States, and must not have been previously owned by CCC. Dairy cow in this instance means an animal of the kind that produces the majority of dairy products in the United States and not, for example, cows of other species of animals such as yaks...

7 CFR 1430.102 - Eligible products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... must be manufactured from dairy cow's milk produced in the United States, and must not have been previously owned by CCC. Dairy cow in this instance means an animal of the kind that produces the majority of dairy products in the United States and not, for example, cows of other species of animals such as yaks...

7 CFR 1430.102 - Eligible products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... must be manufactured from dairy cow's milk produced in the United States, and must not have been previously owned by CCC. Dairy cow in this instance means an animal of the kind that produces the majority of dairy products in the United States and not, for example, cows of other species of animals such as yaks...

7 CFR 1430.102 - Eligible products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... must be manufactured from dairy cow's milk produced in the United States, and must not have been previously owned by CCC. Dairy cow in this instance means an animal of the kind that produces the majority of dairy products in the United States and not, for example, cows of other species of animals such as yaks...

Charter School Primer. Peter Lang Primer. Volume 34

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tryjankowski, Anne Marie

2012-01-01

The "Charter School Primer" presents an overview of public charter schools in the United States. The book discusses what charter schools are; the history of public charter school choice in the United States; the role of teachers, parents, boards, and unions in the charter school movement; and gives examples of innovations in education made…

Hidden Treasures for Science Teaching: United States Patents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Norman D.

United States patents are a source of historical information with many implications for science teaching. Using patents as science teaching devices has been largely ignored by science educators. Some of these devices can be easily modified for use in today's classrooms; in addition, patents serve as great examples of how our knowledge of science…

Soviet Negotiating Techniques in Arms Control Negotiations with the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

Arma - ments and the Prohibition of Atomic, Hydrogen and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction. 󈧰 The disarmament debate then centered in twenty- eight...example, on the problem of the Mideast and on other outstanding problems in which the United States and the Soviet Union, acting together, canJ serve the

Uncovering Settler Grammars in Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calderon, Dolores

2014-01-01

In this article, I focus on making settler colonialism explicit in education. I turn to social studies curriculum as a clear example of how settler colonialism is deeply embedded in educational knowledge production in the United States that is rooted in a dialectic of Indigenous presence and absence. I argue that the United States, and the…

Gangs in Central America

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-27

deportees from the United States have made the process of leaving a gang extremely difficult. A recent State Department report on youth gangs in El...gang members, especially returning deportees from the United States who are often native English speakers, have had the most difficulty finding...with the exception of Panama, have a much lower percentage of criminal deportees than the regional average of 39%. For example, criminal deportees

Sociocultural dimensions of supply and demand for natural aggregate; examples from the Mid-Atlantic region, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robinson, Gilpin R.; Brown, William M.

2002-01-01

The United States uses large quantities of natural aggregate to build and maintain a continuously expanding infrastructure. In recent years, per capita demand for aggregate in the United States has grown to about 9.7 metric tons (10.7 tons) per person per year. Over the next 25 years, the aggregate industry expects to mine quantities equivalent to all aggregate mined in the United States over the past 100 years. The issues surrounding supply and demand for aggregate in the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia illustrate competing requirements for industrial minerals and many simultaneous social and environmental objectives.

Women's Healthcare, Censorship, and the Library: Problems, Issues, Questions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhl, Nancy

The goal of this paper is to explore a number of examples of the censorship of women's healthcare issues and to investigate issues and questions related to those examples. The paper looks primarily at censorship in the United States; however, the problems and issues discussed are international in scope, and some international examples are…

Patterns of Storm Injury and Tree Response

Treesearch

Kevin Smith; Walter Shortle; Kenneth Dudzik

2001-01-01

The ice storm of January 1998 in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada was an extreme example of severe weather that injures trees every year. Broken branches, split branch forks, and snapped stems are all examples of storm injury.

The Introduction and Early Use of Lithography in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnhill, Georgia B.

This paper discusses the use of lithography in the United States in the early 1800s. Highlights include: the development of lithography in Germany between 1796 and 1798; early expectations for lithography; competition against the existing technology for the production of images--relief prints and copper-plate engravings; examples of 18th-century…

77 FR 64033 - Discharge of Liens; Redemption by United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 301 Discharge of Liens; Redemption by United States CFR Correction In Title 26 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 300 to 499, revised as of April 1, 2012, on page 563, in Sec. 301.7425-4, in paragraph (b)(5) Example 1, at the end of...

Forest Land Ownership in the Conterminous United States [map

Treesearch

Mark D. Nelson; Greg C. Liknes

2007-01-01

Patterns of public and private forestland ownership vary across the United States. For example, two-thirds of western forestland is publicly owned, mostly by federal agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service. However, more than 80 percent of eastern forestland is privately owned. Private forestland is further...

Retrofitting the Bridge between Academics and Business: Here Is How It Is Done.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Karen L.

The goal of building bridges between the Pacific Basin and the United States can be accomplished by focusing on economic considerations. Trade agreements, business and university collaborations, and the mobility of populations between the Pacific Basin and the United States serve as examples of common experiences and cooperation. As education in…

Giftedness as Property: Troubling Whiteness, Wealth, and Gifted Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mansfield, Katherine Cumings

2015-01-01

The purposes of this article are to illumine the racist genealogy of gifted education policies and practices in the United States, to demonstrate how deficit discourses continue today, and to provide personal examples from the field of how educators can begin to question the status quo, resist taken-for-granted assumptions, and alternatively make…

Regional changes and global connections: monitoring climate variability and change in the western United States

Treesearch

Henry F. Diaz

2004-01-01

Mountain ecosystems of the Western United States are complex and include cold desert biomes, such as those found in Nevada; subpolar biomes found in the upper treeline zone; and tundra ecosystems, occurring above timberline. Many studies (for example, Thompson 2000) suggest that high-elevation environments, comprising glaciers, snow, permafrost, water, and the...

An emerging paradigm for managing protected areas with examples from Europe and the United States

Treesearch

James Absher; Carsten Mann

2010-01-01

Parks and Protected Areas (PPA) have become increasingly important for societal well-being in Europe and the United States. Urbanization, detachment from nature, and demographic changes are fostering discussions about strengthening the social and cultural dimensions of management. The complexities and subtleties of incorporating PPAs into existing government and...

Multicultural Educational Experiences in Rural Education Programs. Lessons from Early Childhood Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nganga, Lydiah; Kambutu, John

2005-01-01

Background: Public schools in the United States are still segregated along cultural and racial lines 50 years after the 1954 Supreme Court's ruling. For example, Orfield and Lee, 2004; and Orfield, 2001) indicated that White student in the United States attended schools that were 80 percent White. Ethnic minority children (children of color),…

Creating Official Language Policy from Local Practice: The Example of the Native American Languages Act 1990/1992

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warhol, Larisa

2012-01-01

This research explores the development of landmark federal language policy in the United States: the Native American Languages Act of 1990/1992 (NALA). Overturning more than two centuries of United States American Indian policy, NALA established the federal role in preserving and protecting Native American languages. Indigenous languages in the…

Creating National Attraction: Military Intelligence Sharing Building Foreign Military Interdependence

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-21

were focused on security of the information, access to desired intelligence, and access to locations favorable to collecting desired intelligence.8 The...obtain a more favorable position in the relationship. For example, a state might threaten defection due to a lack of domestic support for the...administration, the United States worked with Colombia and Mexico to reduce the flow of cocaine and marijuana into the United States.62 This action

The state of amphibians in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Muths, E.; Adams, M.J.; Grant, E.H.C.; Miller, D.; Corn, P.S.; Ball, L.C.

2012-01-01

More than 25 years ago, scientists began to identify unexplained declines in amphibian populations around the world. Much has been learned since then, but amphibian declines have not abated and the interactions among the various threats to amphibians are not clear. Amphibian decline is a problem of local, national, and international scope that can affect ecosystem function, biodiversity, and commerce. This fact sheet provides a snapshot of the state of the amphibians and introduces examples to illustrate the range of issues in the United States.

Quaternary geologic map of the Winnipeg 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States and Canada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fullerton, D. S.; Ringrose, S.M.; Clayton, Lee; Schreiner, B.T.; Goebel, J.E.

2000-01-01

The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Winnipeg 4? ? 6? Quadrangle, United States and Canada, is a component of the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series (Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420), an effort to produce 4? ? 6? Quaternary geologic maps, at 1:1 million scale, of the entire conterminous United States and adjacent Canada. The map and the accompanying text and supplemental illustrations provide a regional overview of the areal distributions and characteristics of surficial deposits and materials of Quaternary age (~1.8 Ma to present) in parts of North Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The map is not a map of soils as soils are recognized in agriculture. Rather, it is a map of soils as recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which agricultural soils are formed. The map units are distinguished chiefly on the basis of (1)genesis (processes of origin) or environments of deposition: for example, sediments deposited primarily by glacial ice (glacial deposits or till), sediments deposited in lakes (lacustrine deposits), or sediments deposited by wind (eolian deposits); (2) age: for example, how long ago the deposits accumulated; (3) texture (grain size)of the deposits or materials; (4) composition (particle lithology) of the deposits or materials; (5) thickness; and (6) other physical, chemical, and engineering properties. Supplemental illustrations show (1) temporal correlation of the map units, (2) the areal relationships of late Wisconsin glacial ice lobes and sublobes, (3) temporal and spatial correlation of late Wisconsin glacial phases, readvance limits, and ice margin stillstands, (4) temporal and stratigraphic correlation of surface and subsurface glacial deposits in the Winnipeg quadrangle and in adjacent 4? ? 6? quadrangles, and (5) responsibility for state and province compilations. The database provides information related to geologic hazards (for example, materials that are characterized by expansive clay minerals; landslide deposits or landslide-prone deposits), natural resources (for example, sources of aggregate, peat, and clay; potential shallow sources of groundwater), and areas of environmental concern (for example, areas that are potentially suitable for specific ecosystem habitats; areas of potential soil and groundwater contamination). All of these aspects of the database relate directly to land use, management, and policy. The map, text, and accompanying illustrations provide a database of regional scope related to geologic history, climatic changes, the stratigraphic and chronologic frameworks of surface and subsurface deposits and materials of Quaternary age, and other problems and concerns.

The Japanese Labor Market in a Comparative Perspective with the United States. A Transaction-Cost Interpretation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hashimoto, Masanori

A comparison is made of some of the notable features of the Japanese and U.S. labor markets. In Japan, as compared to the United States, for example, levels of employment tenure are higher, employer-employee attachment stronger, earnings-tenure profiles more steeply sloped, layoffs and dismissals much less frequent, and joint consultation and…

How Marketing Practices Affect Education: A Comparative Case Study of Canada, the United States and Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eaton, Sarah Elaine; Goddard, J. Tim

2007-01-01

This paper examines the theory and practice of the commercialization of education in Canada, using comparative examples from the United States and Australia. Critical theory provides the framework for the study. From the broad focus of business practice, the examination is narrowed down to marketing, and even further to branding, at all levels,…

31 CFR 560.410 - Exportation, reexportation, sale or supply of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... services performed on behalf of a person in Iran or the Government of Iran or where the benefit of such services is otherwise received in Iran, if such services are performed: (1) In the United States, or (2... Government of Iran is presumed to be received in Iran. (c) Example. A United States person is engaged in a...

Uncertainty and probability in wildfire management decision support: An example from the United States [Chapter 4

Treesearch

Matthew Thompson; David Calkin; Joe H. Scott; Michael Hand

2017-01-01

Wildfire risk assessment is increasingly being adopted to support federal wildfire management decisions in the United States. Existing decision support systems, specifically the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS), provide a rich set of probabilistic and risk‐based information to support the management of active wildfire incidents. WFDSS offers a wide range...

31 CFR 560.410 - Exportation, reexportation, sale or supply of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... services performed on behalf of a person in Iran or the Government of Iran or where the benefit of such services is otherwise received in Iran, if such services are performed: (1) In the United States, or (2... Government of Iran is presumed to be received in Iran. (c) Example. A United States person is engaged in a...

31 CFR 560.410 - Exportation, reexportation, sale or supply of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... services performed on behalf of a person in Iran or the Government of Iran or where the benefit of such services is otherwise received in Iran, if such services are performed: (1) In the United States, or (2... Government of Iran is presumed to be received in Iran. (c) Example. A United States person is engaged in a...

The Concept of Culture and Sojourner Assimilation into the Host Environment: An Example of Foreign Students in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okoli, Emeka Jonathan

Accepting a definition of culture as "the total accumulation of an identifiable group's beliefs, norms, activities, institutions, and communication patterns," this paper, in an extensive literature review, conjectures that the environment has a far-reaching impact on the performance of the foreign student in the United States. The paper…

Risk maps for targeting exotic plant pest detection programs in the United States

Treesearch

R.D. Magarey; D.M. Borchert; J.S. Engle; M Garcia-Colunga; Frank H. Koch; et al

2011-01-01

In the United States, pest risk maps are used by the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey for spatial and temporal targeting of exotic plant pest detection programs. Methods are described to create standardized host distribution, climate and pathway risk maps for the top nationally ranked exotic pest targets. Two examples are provided to illustrate the risk mapping...

Cultural-Societal Roots of Violence: The Examples of Genocidal Violence and of Contemporary Youth Violence in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staub, Ervin

1996-01-01

Presents a conception of the origins of genocide and mass killing, as illustrated by the Holocaust and violence in the former Yugoslavia, and relates these experiences to youth violence in the face of difficult living experiences in the United States, stressing the role of unfulfilled or frustrated human needs. (SLD)

Soils of Israel and Their Similarity to Soils of the United States.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Negev , with various sites in the southwestern United States. Comparison is made on the basis of agricultural maps because of the general availability of...genesis. For example, the surface soil within and around the Negev desert is classified as loess (deposited by the wind). Those in the southwestern...11 The Negev ---------------------------------------------------------- 12 SOILS OF ISRAEL--GENERAL

A Comparative Case Study on School Management Practices in Two Schools in the United States and Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silman, Fatos; Simsek, Hasan

2009-01-01

This study aimed at comparing administrative processes in two schools, one in the United States and one in Turkey, in light of the two distinct administrative paradigms: the Anglo-Saxon and Napoleonic traditions. The study showed that in the Turkish school, which is thought to be an example of the Napoleonic administrative tradition, school…

26 CFR 1.863-1 - Allocation of gross income under section 863(a).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the United States. Example 3. Sale in third country. US Gold, a U.S. corporation, mines gold in country X, produces gold jewelry in the United States, and sells the jewelry in country Y. Assume that the fair market value of the gold at the export terminal in country X is $40, and that US Gold ultimately...

Chapter 4 - Moisture deficit and surplus in the conterminous United States for three time windows: 2016, 2014-2016, and 2012-2016

Treesearch

Frank H. Koch; John W. Coulston

2018-01-01

Droughts affect most forested ecosystems of the United States, but they vary widely in frequency and intensity (Hanson andWeltzin 2000). Most western U.S. forests experience annual seasonal droughts, with the seasonality determined by broadscaleatmospheric circulation patterns and topography. For example, forests along the Pacific Coast usually...

26 CFR 1.863-8 - Source of income derived from space and ocean activity under section 863(d).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... because S's rights, title, and interest in the data pass to C in the United States. Example 7. Use of... example, satellites) or transponders located in space; (C) Licensing of technology or other intangibles... of a vessel that does not transport cargo or persons for hire between ports-of-call (for example, the...

26 CFR 1.863-8 - Source of income derived from space and ocean activity under section 863(d).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... because S's rights, title, and interest in the data pass to C in the United States. Example 7. Use of... example, satellites) or transponders located in space; (C) Licensing of technology or other intangibles... of a vessel that does not transport cargo or persons for hire between ports-of-call (for example, the...

26 CFR 1.863-8 - Source of income derived from space and ocean activity under section 863(d).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... because S's rights, title, and interest in the data pass to C in the United States. Example 7. Use of... example, satellites) or transponders located in space; (C) Licensing of technology or other intangibles... of a vessel that does not transport cargo or persons for hire between ports-of-call (for example, the...

Cultural Democracy vs. the Democratization of High Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Don; Goldbard, Arlene

1981-01-01

Discusses issues surrounding the support of local arts councils. Uses an example of federal policy and one of California State policy to illustrate the magnitude of official opposition to reforming cultural policy in the United States. (MK)

A Framework for the Dual Language Assessment of Young Dual Language Learners in the United States. Research Report. ETS RR-17-37

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guzman-Orth, Danielle; Lopez, Alexis A.; Tolentino, Florencia

2017-01-01

Dual language learners (DLLs) and the various educational programs that serve them are increasing in number across the country. This framework lays out a conceptual approach for dual language assessment tasks designed to measure the language and literacy skills of young DLLs entering kindergarten in the United States. Although our examples focus…

12 CFR Appendix to Part 745 - Examples of Insurance Coverage Afforded Accounts in Credit Unions Insured by the National Credit...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: (1) The creation of which has been expressly authorized by state statute, (2) to which some functions... unit or any principal department of such unit: (1) The creation of which has been expressly authorized... interest of a co-owner in all accounts held under any form of joint ownership valid under state law...

Global Climate Change: Three Policy Perspectives

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-26

example, the EPA spent approximately $2 billion supporting development of a feasible flue gas desulfurization (FGD) device for electric utility use to...Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United States committed to the objective of achieving “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in...the United States would convene a meeting of the world’s “major economies” that are responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions. Held in September

26 CFR 1.956-3T - Certain trade or service receivables acquired from United States persons (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... subparagraph (H)) contained in section 956(b)(2). The terms “trade or service receivable” and “related person... trade or service receivables of FS1's domestic parent, P. The obligors under the receivables are United... States property equal to 20 percent of PS's basis in the receivables of P. Example 2. FS1, a controlled...

Twenty Activities to Expand Your Students' Knowledge of the World While Studying Your State. A Global Perspectives Experimental Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cleveland, Alice Ann; Lewis, Nancy G.

This unit contains 20 classroom activities which have a global approach and will enable junior or high school students to learn about their state and the world. Student materials and teaching procedures are provided for each activity. Some examples of the activities follow. In one activity students compare the size of New Mexico with another area…

Representations of Intervals and Optimal Error Bounds.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

OAA629-8O-C-0ONI UNCLASS I FI IEDMRC TSR-2098 NL 11111L 3 -2 11111 ~ 13.6 1111 125 .4 111.6 MCROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONA’ 13UREAU OF STANDARDS...geometric and harmonic means, Excess width Work Unit Number 3 (Numerical Analysis and Computer Science) Sponsored by the United States Army under...example in the next section, following which the general theory will be dis- cussed. 3 . An example of an optimal point and error bound. A simple

Allies Re-united, The Convergence of Turkish and American Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-16

and the rise of the Justice and Development Party is viewed as a model for a moderate Islamic State that can serve as an example for many Muslim...Turkey more than ever to be a strong Muslim NATO leader and set the tone for the region. The “Turkish Model ” is an example that Islamic leaning...governments can learn from and hopefully unite to buffer totalitarian Islamic rhetoric and Iran’s influence. 15. SUBJECT TERMS BMD, MISSLE DEFENSE, US

New studies disputing allegations of bacteriological warfare during the Korean War.

PubMed

Rolicka, M

1995-03-01

In the television series Korea the Unknown War produced jointly by Thames Television (London) and WGBH (Boston) in 1990, General Matthew Ridgway, Commander in Chief of United Nations forces during the Korean War, called the accusations that the United States waged bacteriological warfare "black propaganda." The charges discredited the United States and, despite denials and many international discussions, have not been completely refuted until new. Following studies in archives previously not available for research and after uncovering new sources, many specific examples of black propaganda were discovered that contained false information and lies discrediting the United States. The mechanism of lies, which convinced the Korean population that bacteriological warfare was going on and that the only way not to become victims of the United States' inhuman cruelty was to fight, are shown in this paper.

31 CFR 800.402 - Contents of voluntary notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of the transaction, for example, whether the acquisition is by merger, consolidation, the purchase of... respective business activities, as, for example, set forth in annual reports, and the product or service... research and development): (A) That it supplies, directly or indirectly, to any agency of the United States...

31 CFR 800.402 - Contents of voluntary notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of the transaction, for example, whether the acquisition is by merger, consolidation, the purchase of... respective business activities, as, for example, set forth in annual reports, and the product or service... research and development): (A) That it supplies, directly or indirectly, to any agency of the United States...

31 CFR 800.402 - Contents of voluntary notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of the transaction, for example, whether the acquisition is by merger, consolidation, the purchase of... respective business activities, as, for example, set forth in annual reports, and the product or service... research and development): (A) That it supplies, directly or indirectly, to any agency of the United States...

31 CFR 800.402 - Contents of voluntary notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of the transaction, for example, whether the acquisition is by merger, consolidation, the purchase of... respective business activities, as, for example, set forth in annual reports, and the product or service... research and development): (A) That it supplies, directly or indirectly, to any agency of the United States...

31 CFR 800.402 - Contents of voluntary notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the transaction, for example, whether the acquisition is by merger, consolidation, the purchase of... respective business activities, as, for example, set forth in annual reports, and the product or service... research and development): (A) That it supplies, directly or indirectly, to any agency of the United States...

Computer Series, 101: Accurate Equations of State in Computational Chemistry Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albee, David; Jones, Edward

1989-01-01

Discusses the use of computers in chemistry courses at the United States Military Academy. Provides two examples of computer projects: (1) equations of state, and (2) solving for molar volume. Presents BASIC and PASCAL listings for the second project. Lists 10 applications for physical chemistry. (MVL)

23 CFR 230.305 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, or the Indian Subcontinent. (2) The... Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (5) The... North America. (e) State means any of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

23 CFR 230.305 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, or the Indian Subcontinent. (2) The... Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (5) The... North America. (e) State means any of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

23 CFR 230.305 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, or the Indian Subcontinent. (2) The... Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (5) The... North America. (e) State means any of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

23 CFR 230.305 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, or the Indian Subcontinent. (2) The... Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (5) The... North America. (e) State means any of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

75 FR 9763 - Relief for U.S. Military and Civilian Personnel Who Are Assigned Outside the United States in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... take a practical test after passing a knowledge test. For example, 14 CFR 61.39(a)(1) gives a person 24... operations. SFAR 100-2 also continues to allow FSDOs to accept expired airman written test reports for certain practical tests from U.S. personnel who are assigned outside the United States in support of U.S...

Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness: Issues and Options

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-15

available. Nevertheless, many experts believe that the United States is the global leader in nanotechnology. For example, a survey of U.S. business ...students may return home to conduct research and create new businesses . In the era following World War II, many of the most gifted and talented students...in the United States. Small businesses may lack the resources needed to bring their nanotechnology innovations to market. Federal programs, such as

A new state evaluation method of oil pump unit based on AHP and FCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Yang; Liang, Wei; Qiu, Zeyang; Zhang, Meng; Lu, Wenqing

2017-05-01

In order to make an accurate state evaluation of oil pump unit, a comprehensive evaluation index should be established. A multi-parameters state evaluation method of oil pump unit is proposed in this paper. The oil pump unit is analyzed by Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), so evaluation index can be obtained based on FMEA conclusions. The weights of different parameters in evaluation index are discussed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with expert experience. According to the evaluation index and the weight of each parameter, the state evaluation is carried out by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) and the state is divided into five levels depending on status value, which is inspired by human body health. In order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, a state evaluation of oil pump used in a pump station is taken as an example.

Maraschino Cherry: A Laboratory-Lecture Unit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wrolstad, Ronald E.

2009-01-01

Oregon State Univ. has offered FST 102 "Maraschino Cherry" as a 1-credit orientation course since 1994. The maraschino cherry serves as a vehicle from which faculty give their disciplinary perspective, for example, the chemistry of the maraschino cherry, processing unit operations, microbiology and food safety, food law, sensory…

78 FR 57783 - Implementation of United States v. Windsor

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... ``spouse'' referred only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife. The U.S. Supreme Court.... The FRTIB anticipates conflicting state laws. For example, a same- sex couple might get married in a state that permits same-sex marriage and then move to a state that does not recognize same-sex marriages...

76 FR 64264 - Authority to Require Supervision and Regulation of Certain Nonbank Financial Companies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

... company could pose a threat to the financial stability of the United States, including examples of quantitative metrics for assessing each category; The six uniform quantitative thresholds that the Council..., including examples of the metrics that the Council intends to use when evaluating a nonbank financial...

26 CFR 1.482-8 - Examples of the best method rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... illustrate the comparative analysis required to apply this rule. As with all of the examples in these... retail market in the United States. The study concludes that this segment of the U.S. market, which is not exploited by USSub, may generate substantial profits. Based on this study, FP enters into a...

The Five Senses--Prime Keys to the Art and Craft of Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutro, Edmund; Gross, Richard E.

1983-01-01

Sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste can be utilized to infuse excitement into social studies courses. For example, students can view photographs of persons during the Great Depression, listen to music of various eras, and handle realia. Two examples of approaches in United States history are provided. (RM)

Two if by Sea: America's Maritime Heritage and the Social Studies Teacher.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heitzmann, Wm. Ray

In the first part of this document, teachers are urged to include United States' maritime history in planning social studies courses, units, and lessons. After a rationale for teaching the study of the sea, ways in which this topic can be used as content are briefly discussed. For example, units can be developed around the ship building industry,…

Implications of User Identification Devices (UIDS) for the United States Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-09-01

radio technology, and this includes all mobile and cordless telecommunication devices . “Total worldwide sales of RFID systems for the year 2000 have... theft . A person who has stolen the user identification device of another and uses it to impersonate him or her, serves as a common example. Since user...IDENTIFICATION DEVICES (UIDS) FOR THE UNITED STATES NAVY by Letitia D. Haynes September 2001 Thesis Advisor: Cynthia Irvine Associate

Hospital librarianship in the United States: at the crossroads.

PubMed

Wolf, Diane G; Chastain-Warheit, Christine C; Easterby-Gannett, Sharon; Chayes, Marion C; Long, Bradley A

2002-01-01

This paper examines recent developments in hospital librarianship in the United States, including the current status of hospital-based clinical library services. Several examples of hospital library services are presented that demonstrate some characteristics of struggling and thriving services. The implications of the informationist concept are considered. The continuation of the hospital librarian's primary role in support of patient care is explored, as core competencies are reexamined for relevancy in the new millennium.

45 CFR 51.4 - How will the plans be evaluated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... manpower shortage areas, as established under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act, and for... units which will provide broader clinical experiences, or (5) Initiating research projects. (d) The... schools who are citizens of the United States, as demonstrated, for example, by: (1) Broad-based...

45 CFR 51.4 - How will the plans be evaluated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... manpower shortage areas, as established under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act, and for... units which will provide broader clinical experiences, or (5) Initiating research projects. (d) The... schools who are citizens of the United States, as demonstrated, for example, by: (1) Broad-based...

45 CFR 51.4 - How will the plans be evaluated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... manpower shortage areas, as established under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act, and for... units which will provide broader clinical experiences, or (5) Initiating research projects. (d) The... schools who are citizens of the United States, as demonstrated, for example, by: (1) Broad-based...

45 CFR 51.4 - How will the plans be evaluated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... manpower shortage areas, as established under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act, and for... units which will provide broader clinical experiences, or (5) Initiating research projects. (d) The... schools who are citizens of the United States, as demonstrated, for example, by: (1) Broad-based...

45 CFR 51.4 - How will the plans be evaluated?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... manpower shortage areas, as established under section 332 of the Public Health Service Act, and for... units which will provide broader clinical experiences, or (5) Initiating research projects. (d) The... schools who are citizens of the United States, as demonstrated, for example, by: (1) Broad-based...

All unital qubit channels are 4-noisy operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller-Hermes, Alexander; Perry, Christopher

2018-06-01

We show that any unital qubit channel can be implemented by letting the input system interact unitarily with a four-dimensional environment in the maximally mixed state and then tracing out the environment. We also provide an example where the dimension of such an environment has to be at least 3.

Security Assistance: Evaluations Needed to Determine Effectiveness of U.S. Aid to Lebanon’s Security Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...meet conditions on the ground, according to U.S. officials. For example , the Department of State (State) delayed committing Foreign Military...agencies measure program performance. For example , GAO found in 2011 that the IMET program evaluation efforts had few of the elements commonly

31 CFR 539.204 - Exempt transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... informational materials, or to the provision of marketing and business consulting services. Examples of... magazines and other periodical publications that are widely-circulated); importation into the United States...

31 CFR 539.204 - Exempt transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... informational materials, or to the provision of marketing and business consulting services. Examples of... magazines and other periodical publications that are widely-circulated); importation into the United States...

31 CFR 539.204 - Exempt transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... informational materials, or to the provision of marketing and business consulting services. Examples of... magazines and other periodical publications that are widely-circulated); importation into the United States...

31 CFR 539.204 - Exempt transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... informational materials, or to the provision of marketing and business consulting services. Examples of... magazines and other periodical publications that are widely-circulated); importation into the United States...

North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2012 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

The United States trails other industrialized nations in several safety categories on public roadways. Traffic fatality risk, for example, is substantially higher than in other countries as found in Figure 1.1 (World Health Organization, 2009). Altho...

Ecoregions of the conterminous United States: evolution of a hierarchical spatial framework

USGS Publications Warehouse

Omernik, James M.; Griffith, Glenn E.

2014-01-01

A map of ecological regions of the conterminous United States, first published in 1987, has been greatly refined and expanded into a hierarchical spatial framework in response to user needs, particularly by state resource management agencies. In collaboration with scientists and resource managers from numerous agencies and institutions in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, the framework has been expanded to cover North America, and the original ecoregions (now termed Level III) have been refined, subdivided, and aggregated to identify coarser as well as more detailed spatial units. The most generalized units (Level I) define 10 ecoregions in the conterminous U.S., while the finest-scale units (Level IV) identify 967 ecoregions. In this paper, we explain the logic underpinning the approach, discuss the evolution of the regional mapping process, and provide examples of how the ecoregions were distinguished at each hierarchical level. The variety of applications of the ecoregion framework illustrates its utility in resource assessment and management.

Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States: Evolution of a Hierarchical Spatial Framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omernik, James M.; Griffith, Glenn E.

2014-12-01

A map of ecological regions of the conterminous United States, first published in 1987, has been greatly refined and expanded into a hierarchical spatial framework in response to user needs, particularly by state resource management agencies. In collaboration with scientists and resource managers from numerous agencies and institutions in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, the framework has been expanded to cover North America, and the original ecoregions (now termed Level III) have been refined, subdivided, and aggregated to identify coarser as well as more detailed spatial units. The most generalized units (Level I) define 10 ecoregions in the conterminous U.S., while the finest-scale units (Level IV) identify 967 ecoregions. In this paper, we explain the logic underpinning the approach, discuss the evolution of the regional mapping process, and provide examples of how the ecoregions were distinguished at each hierarchical level. The variety of applications of the ecoregion framework illustrates its utility in resource assessment and management.

26 CFR 1.963-0 - Repeal of section 963; effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... after December 31, 1975, then a foreign corporation shall be includible in such election only if— (i) It... (i) of this paragraph from a chain or group election of a United States shareholder for its taxable.... The application of this paragraph may be illustrated by the following example: Example. (a) M is a...

26 CFR 1.1248-4 - Limitation on tax applicable to individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... example: Example: On December 31, 1966, Smith, a United States person, sells a share of stock of X... in his gross income as a dividend under section 1248(a). Both X and Smith use the calendar year as the taxable year. The increase in Smith's income tax liability for 1966 which is attributable (under...

Landforms of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hack, John T.

1969-01-01

The United States contains a great variety of landforms which offer dramatic contrasts to a crosscountry traveler. Mountains and desert areas, tropical jungles and areas of permanently frozen subsoil, deep canyons and broad plains are examples of the Nation's varied surface. The present-day landforms the features that make up the face of the earth are products of the slow, sculpturing actions of streams and geologic processes that have been at work throughout the ages since the earth's beginning.

Landforms of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hack, John T.

1988-01-01

The United States contains a great variety of landforms which offer dramatic contrasts to a cross-country traveler. Mountains and desert areas, tropical jungles and areas of permanently frozen subsoil, and deep canyons and broad plains are examples of the Nation's varied surface. The presentday landforms the features that make up the face of the Earth are products of the slow sculpturing actions of streams and geologic processes that have been at work throughout the ages since the Earth's beginning.

iRadioactivity--Possibilities and Limitations for Using Smartphones and Tablet PCs as Radioactive Counters: Examples for Studying Different Radioactive Principles in Physics Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhn, Jochen; Molz, Alexander; Gröber, Sebastian; Frübis, Jan

2014-01-01

A study conducted in 2013 showed that about 70-80% of teens and young adults in the United States own a smartphone. Furthermore the number of tablet PC users in the United States will increase up to more than 80% by 2015. As a result, these devices have increasingly become everyday tools, particularly for the younger generation. In recent years,…

Using a decision support system to estimate departures of present forest landscape patterns from historical reference condition—an example from the inland Northwest region of the United States.

Treesearch

P.F. Hessburg; K.M. Reynolds; R.B. Salter; M.B. Richmond

2004-01-01

Human settlement and management activities have altered the patterns and processes of forest landscapes across the inland northwest region of the United States (Hessburg et al. 2000C; Hessburg and Agee in press). As a consequence, many attributes of current disturbance regimes (e.g., the frequency, duration, severity, and extent of fires) differ markedly from those of...

Hospital librarianship in the United States: at the crossroads

PubMed Central

Wolf, Diane G.; Chastain-Warheit, Christine C.; Easterby-Gannett, Sharon; Chayes, Marion C.; Long, Bradley A.

2002-01-01

This paper examines recent developments in hospital librarianship in the United States, including the current status of hospital-based clinical library services. Several examples of hospital library services are presented that demonstrate some characteristics of struggling and thriving services. The implications of the informationist concept are considered. The continuation of the hospital librarian's primary role in support of patient care is explored, as core competencies are reexamined for relevancy in the new millennium. PMID:11838458

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Project Assistance

Science.gov Websites

emerging transportation technologies. For examples of successful projects, explore alternative transportation case studies. Find My Local Coalition ZIP Code or City and State Search Map of the United States stakeholders network to learn from one another's experiences and identify potential project partners. Technical

An analysis of context-based similarity tasks in textbooks from Brazil and the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barcelos Amaral, Rúbia; Hollebrands, Karen

2017-11-01

Three textbooks from Brazil and three textbooks from the United States were analysed with a focus on similarity and context-based tasks. Students' opportunities to learn similarity were examined by considering whether students were provided context-based tasks of high cognitive demand and whether those tasks included missing or superfluous information. Although books in the United States included more tasks, the proportion of tasks focused on similarity were about the same. Context-based similarity tasks accounted for 9%-29% of the similarity tasks, and many of these contextual tasks were of low cognitive demand. In addition, the types of contexts that were included in the textbooks were critiqued and examples provided.

The Curious Case of Cuba

PubMed Central

Reed, Gail A.

2012-01-01

As health professionals in the United States consider how to focus health care and coverage to ensure better, more equitable patient and population health outcomes, the experience of Cuba’s National Health System over the last 5 decades may provide useful insights. Although mutual awareness has been limited by long-term political hostilities between the United States and Cuban governments, the history and details of the Cuban health system indicate that their health system merits attention as an example of a national integrated approach resulting in improved health status. More extensive analysis of the principles, practices, and outcomes in Cuba is warranted to inform health system transformation in the United States, despite differences in political-social systems and available resources. PMID:22698011

Reforming Cardiovascular Care in the United States towards High-Quality Care at Lower Cost with Examples from Model Programs in the State of Michigan.

PubMed

Alyeshmerni, Daniel; Froehlich, James B; Lewin, Jack; Eagle, Kim A

2014-07-01

Despite its status as a world leader in treatment innovation and medical education, a quality chasm exists in American health care. Care fragmentation and poor coordination contribute to expensive care with highly variable quality in the United States. The rising costs of health care since 1990 have had a huge impact on individuals, families, businesses, the federal and state governments, and the national budget deficit. The passage of the Affordable Care Act represents a large shift in how health care is financed and delivered in the United States. The objective of this review is to describe some of the economic and social forces driving health care reform, provide an overview of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), and review model cardiovascular quality improvement programs underway in the state of Michigan. As health care reorganization occurs at the federal level, local and regional efforts can serve as models to accelerate improvement toward achieving better population health and better care at lower cost. Model programs in Michigan have achieved this goal in cardiovascular care through the systematic application of evidence-based care, the utilization of regional quality improvement collaboratives, community-based childhood wellness promotion, and medical device-based competitive bidding strategies. These efforts are examples of the direction cardiovascular care delivery will need to move in this era of the Affordable Care Act.

Identifying STEM Occupations: National and International Approaches. Support Document 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siekmann, Gitta; Korbel, Patrick

2016-01-01

This report explores the definition and selection of science and technology-related (STEM) jobs in-depth. Examples from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia are described, with similarities and differences highlighted. [This document was produced by the author(s) based on their research for "What Is STEM? The Need for Unpacking…

Vegetation change and pollen geochronology from the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the last Millennium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christie, M.; Bernhardt, C. E.; Clear, J.; Corbett, D. R.; Horton, B.

2017-12-01

Vegetation changes related to anthropogenic and climatic change have been reconstructed at many locations. Synthesizing observations from multiple locations improves our understanding of the regionality of these impacts and drivers. Human alterations to the plant communities vary spatially in timing and impact. For example, deforestation occurred at different times, rates, and magnitudes along the Atlantic Coast of the United States, while of the introduction of non-native plants into ecosystems varies by region. Gradual climate shifts cause the appearance of migration in sensitive plants, so climate-related transitions can be traced from one location to another. Here, we combine new and published pollen data from Florida to Connecticut to produce a regional synthesis of vegetation changes for the last 1000 years. We have produced detailed reconstructions of vegetation changes in response to anthropogenic and climatic forcing. Our database contains pollen assemblages from more than 10 locations along the Atlantic coast of the United States, including new reconstructions from the Florida Keys, Delaware Estuary, and northern New Jersey. All pollen assemblages are placed in a geochronological framework with as fine as decadal resolution using composite chronologies of radiocarbon, pollution histories and cesium isotopes. Anthropogenic impacts, including deforestation from European settlement and the introduction of non-native plants, are observed in the pollen record and serve as useful markers of time. For example, the abrupt increase in Ambrosia pollen in the mid-Atlantic corresponds to 18th Century deforestation. Climate transitions that can be seen in the pollen record during the last millennium include the Medieval Climate Optimum, Little Ice Age, and human-induced warming following industrialization in the 20th century. Plant communities of the United States Atlantic Coast adapted to the evolving climate. For example, Picea and Tsuga are indicative of cooler, moister conditions and disappear from regions as conditions become warmer or drier. We combine the various histories of vegetation change from pollen assemblages into a single source for researchers to use when attempting to understand geochronology and impacts of climate change along the Atlantic coast of the United States.

The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Woodruff, Laurel G.; Cannon, William F.; Smith, David; Solano, Federico

2015-01-01

In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km2, 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3) a deeper sample from the soil C-horizon or, if the top of the C-horizon was at a depth greater than 100 cm, from a depth of approximately 80–100 cm. The < 2 mm fraction of each sample was analysed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements following near-total multi-acid digestion. The major mineralogical components in samples from the soil A- and C-horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling ended in 2010 and chemical and mineralogical analyses were completed in May 2013. Maps of the conterminous United States showing predicted element and mineral concentrations were interpolated from actual soil data for each soil sample type by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique using ArcGIS software. Regional- and national-scale map patterns for selected elements and minerals apparent in interpolated maps are described here in the context of soil-forming factors and possible human inputs. These patterns can be related to (1) soil parent materials, for example, in the distribution of quartz, (2) climate impacts, for example, in the distribution of feldspar and kaolinite, (3) soil age, for example, in the distribution of carbonate in young glacial deposits, and (4) possible anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) to surface soil. This new geochemical and mineralogical data set for the conterminous United States represents a major step forward from prior national-scale soil geochemistry data and provides a robust soil data framework for the United States now and into the future.

Underground Injection Control, Hydraulic Fracturing, and Sources of Drinking Water in the Western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, R. B.; Kang, M.

2016-12-01

Oil and gas extraction is expanding in the United States, attributable to the success of high-volume hydraulic fracturing, and associated wastewater disposal is increasing as a result. The United States currently has approximately 180,000 Class II injection wells associated with the oil and gas industry, more than 50,000 of them in California. Hydraulic fracturing and underground injection often occur many thousands of feet belowground. Previously, however, we documented shallow hydraulic fracturing and other oil and gas activities across the western United States in particular, including California and Wyoming. In eight CA counties, for example, as many as 19% and 35% of oil/gas activities have occurred directly in freshwater zones and USDWs, respectively (Kang and Jackson 2016 PNAS). Here we expand this analysis to examine the underground injection control program and accompanying hydrogeologic variables found in California and elsewhere.

Building a human rights framework for workers' compensation in the United States: opening the debate on first principles.

PubMed

Hilgert, Jeffrey A

2012-06-01

This article introduces the idea of human rights to the topic of workers' compensation in the United States. It discusses what constitutes a human rights approach and explains how this approach conflicts with those policy ideas that have provided the foundation historically for workers' compensation in the United States. Using legal and historical research, key international labor and human rights standards on employment injury benefits and influential writings in the development of the U.S. workers' compensation system are cited. Workers' injury and illness compensation in the United States does not conform to basic international human rights norms. A comprehensive review of the U.S. workers' compensation system under international human rights standards is needed. Examples of policy changes are highlighted that would begin the process of moving workers' compensation into conformity with human rights standards. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hawai'i: The Aloha State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Edward F.

2009-01-01

August 21, 2009, marks the 50th anniversary of the entry of the 50th state into the United States of America. All the states have their stories, but as a string of islands in the vast Pacific Ocean, more than 2,000 miles from any other land mass, Hawai'i has a story that is unique in many ways. Consider, for example, that Hawai'i has two official…

Science to Support Informed Decision-Making: Examples from the US Environmental Protection Agency

EPA Science Inventory

The mission of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) is to protect human health and the environment. We work to achieve our mission through a combination of applied research and technical guidance for localities, states, tribes, and regions to best manage the...

7 CFR 17.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... United States. The 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. ... date shown on the ocean bill of lading. Destination country The foreign country to which the commodity... required to repay the funds to CCC. For example, this part refers to CCC “financing” both the ocean freight...

7 CFR 17.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... United States. The 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. ... date shown on the ocean bill of lading. Destination country The foreign country to which the commodity... required to repay the funds to CCC. For example, this part refers to CCC “financing” both the ocean freight...

7 CFR 17.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... United States. The 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. ... date shown on the ocean bill of lading. Destination country The foreign country to which the commodity... required to repay the funds to CCC. For example, this part refers to CCC “financing” both the ocean freight...

7 CFR 17.2 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... United States. The 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. ... date shown on the ocean bill of lading. Destination country The foreign country to which the commodity... required to repay the funds to CCC. For example, this part refers to CCC “financing” both the ocean freight...

Spatially Explicit Predictors of Indicators of Water Quality: Example from Wadeable Streams in the U.S

EPA Science Inventory

The Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in collaboration with the States is assessing and reporting on the condition of surface waters in the United States using synoptic surveys and consistent field collections of water quality indicators (WQI). The survey is a probability-b...

40 CFR 63.7195 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... units used to manufacture p-type and n-type semiconductors or active solid state devices from a wafer.... Examples of semiconductor or related solid state devices include semiconductor diodes, semiconductor stacks... permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks, railcars, barges, or ships; (2) Flow-through tanks...

40 CFR 63.7195 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... units used to manufacture p-type and n-type semiconductors or active solid state devices from a wafer.... Examples of semiconductor or related solid state devices include semiconductor diodes, semiconductor stacks... permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks, railcars, barges, or ships; (2) Flow-through tanks...

40 CFR 63.7195 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... units used to manufacture p-type and n-type semiconductors or active solid state devices from a wafer.... Examples of semiconductor or related solid state devices include semiconductor diodes, semiconductor stacks... permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks, railcars, barges, or ships; (2) Flow-through tanks...

25 CFR 163.81 - Assessment guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... effectiveness of implementing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Pub. L. 93-638, as... a state-of-the-art condition; and (j) Specific examples and comparisons from across the United...

25 CFR 163.81 - Assessment guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... effectiveness of implementing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Pub. L. 93-638, as... a state-of-the-art condition; and (j) Specific examples and comparisons from across the United...

25 CFR 163.81 - Assessment guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... effectiveness of implementing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Pub. L. 93-638, as... a state-of-the-art condition; and (j) Specific examples and comparisons from across the United...

25 CFR 163.81 - Assessment guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... effectiveness of implementing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Pub. L. 93-638, as... a state-of-the-art condition; and (j) Specific examples and comparisons from across the United...

American Public Support for US Military Operations from Mogadishu to Baghdad

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

to be amply supported by psychological research on persuasion. See, for example, Petty and Cacioppo (1981, 1986). Ajzen and Fishbein (1980, pp. 219...troops from Iraq? (Gallup) 50_-• "’ Keep as is now 0 Send more troops Withdraw some troops -- .... No opinion 45 Withdraw all troops 40 - m i 35...opinion. 4. War-Public opinion. 5. Public opinion-United States. 6. United States-History, Military. I . Savych, Bogdan. II. Title. E885.L368 2004

Look before you build; geologic studies for safer land development in the San Francisco Bay area

USGS Publications Warehouse

Blair-Tyler, Martha

1995-01-01

This Circular provides a general description of the types of geologic hazards that exist throughout the United States. In nontechnical language this book describes how geologic information can be incorporated in the land-use development process and contains useful discussion of several examples from the San Francisco Bay area and elsewhere in the United States of how geologic information is already being used in the development process by some cities and counties.

On Developing Content-Oriented Theories Taking Biological Evolution as an Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andersson, Bjorn; Wallin, Anita

2006-01-01

Both in Europe and the United States there is a growing interest in design research. One example is the design and validation of topic-oriented teaching-learning sequences. This research may be said to have two objectives. One is to design and test "useful products", such as teachers guides and study material for students, which may be…

The Social History of Open Education: Austrian and Soviet Schools in the 1920s

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hein, George E.

1975-01-01

Discusses how open education arose in the United States, what its relations are to the society around it, and what it has to offer to the American scene by examining past attempts to institute it in two other countries, noting that the two examples each present graphic examples of the interrelationship between education and politics. (Author/JM)

Focusing on Success: Examples of How the Universal Service Fund Is Helping Improve Connectivity across the Country

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Universal Service Administrative Company, 2008

2008-01-01

This report includes examples of how Universal Service Fund support is used by beneficiaries across the country. Included in this version are approximately 140 success stories of how the Universal Service Fund is helping to improve connectivity in the United States. This report is updated quarterly, as Universal Service Administrative Company…

26 CFR 1.864-2 - Trade or business within the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (ii) For an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the... examples: Example 1. During 1967, A, a nonresident alien individual, is employed by the London office of a... office of the partnership and is paid by that office a total gross salary of $2,600 for such services...

26 CFR 1.864-2 - Trade or business within the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (ii) For an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the... examples: Example 1. During 1967, A, a nonresident alien individual, is employed by the London office of a... office of the partnership and is paid by that office a total gross salary of $2,600 for such services...

26 CFR 1.864-2 - Trade or business within the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (ii) For an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the... examples: Example 1. During 1967, A, a nonresident alien individual, is employed by the London office of a... office of the partnership and is paid by that office a total gross salary of $2,600 for such services...

26 CFR 1.953-1 - Income from insurance of United States risks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... example 1 except that M Corporation cancels the contract on August 31, 1963. For 1963, the policy period under such contract as to A Corporation is July 1, 1963, to August 31, 1963. Example 3. The facts are... § 1.953-5, which is attributable to the reinsuring or the issuing of any insurance or annuity contract...

Aquifer-nomenclature guidelines

USGS Publications Warehouse

Laney, R.L.; Davidson, C.B.

1986-01-01

Guidelines and recommendations for naming aquifers are presented to assist authors of geohydrological reports in the United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division. The hierarchy of terms that is used for water- yielding rocks from largest to smallest is aquifer system, aquifer, and zone. If aquifers are named, the names should be derived from lithologic terms, rock-stratigraphic units, or geographic names. The following items are not recommended as sources of aquifer names: time-stratigraphic names, relative position, alphanumeric designations, depositional environment, depth of occurrence, acronyms, and hydrologic conditions. Confining units should not be named unless doing so clearly promotes understanding of a particular aquifer system. Sources of names for confining units are similar to those for aquifer names, i.e. lithologic terms, rock-stratigraphic units or geographic names. Examples of comparison charts and tables that are used to define the geohydrologic framework are included. Aquifers are defined in 11 hypothetical examples that characterize geohydrologic settings throughout the country. (Author 's abstract)

U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sasscer, R. Scott

1992-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey library classification system has been designed for an earth science library. It is a tool for assigning classification numbers to earth science and allied pure science library materials in order to collect these materials into related subject groups on the library shelves and arrange them alphabetically by author and title. It can also be used as a retrieval system to access these materials through the subject and visible geographic classification numbers.The classification scheme has been developed over the years since 1904 to meet the ever-changing needs of increased specialization and new areas of study in the earth sciences.This system contains seven schedules:Subject scheduleGeological survey scheduleEarth science periodical scheduleGovernment documents periodical scheduleGeneral science periodical scheduleEarth science maps scheduleGeographic scheduleA geographic number, from the geographic schedule, is distinguished from other numbers in the system in that it is always enclosed in parentheses; for example, (200) is the geographic number for the United States.The geographic number is used in conjunction with the six other previously listed schedules, and it represents slightly different nuances of meanings, in respect to geographic locale, for each schedule.When used with a subject number, the geographic number indicates the country, state, province, or region in which the research was made. The subject number, 203, geology, when combined with the geographic number, (200), for example 203(200), is the classification number for library materials on the geology of the United States.The geographic number, combined with the capital letter G, for example, G(211), is the classification number for an earth science periodical issued by a geological association or university geology department in the State of Maine.When the letter S is combined with a geographic number, for example, S(276), it represents a general science periodical for a university or association in California.When the letter P is combined with a geographic number, for example, P(200), it represents a governmental periodical issued by the United States Federal Government.Geographic numbers standing alone represent classification numbers for the publications of geological surveys; for example, (200) represents publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.Map call numbers have a geographic number preceded by the capital letter M, followed by an abbreviated subject number.For example:M(200)2where:M = Map(200) = Geographic region of the United States2 = Abbreviation for the subject number 203— geology.The introduction, which follows this abstract, provides detailed procedures on the construction of complete call numbers for works falling into the framework of the aforesaid classification schedules.The tables following the introduction can be quickly accessed through the use of the newly expanded subject index.The purpose of this publication is to provide the earth science community with a classification and retrieval system for earth science materials, to provide sufficient explanation of its structure and use, and to enable library staff and clientele to classify or access research materials in a library collection.

The North Carolina Capitol: Pride of the State. Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Draper, Howard

North Carolina's state capitol rises majestically on Union Square in downtown Raleigh, a city created in 1792 to serve as North Carolina's permanent capital. Built between 1833-40, the granite building is one of the finest and best preserved examples of civic Greek Revival architecture in the United States. This lesson is based on the National…

Participation Structures as a Mediational Means: Learning Balinese Gamelan in the United States through Intent Participation, Mediated Discourse, and Distributed Cognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jocuns, Andrew

2009-01-01

Participation has presented a complex unit of analysis for interactional sociolinguistics. In this study I add another dimension to participation by considering recent theories related to sociocultural activity theory--mediated discourse analysis and distributed cognition. Drawing on examples from "maguru panggul", the traditional…

Community-Based Youth Services in International Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherraden, Michael

This essay examines the youth policies and programs of the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Sweden, and Norway in an effort to provide examples that may be of assistance in the development of such policies in the United States. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the topic, noting that the focus is on younger adolescents between the ages of 10…

The (paper) work of medicine: understanding international medical costs.

PubMed

Cutler, David M; Ly, Dan P

2011-01-01

This paper draws on international evidence on medical spending to examine what the United States can learn about making its healthcare system more efficient. We focus primarily on understanding contemporaneous differences in the level of spending, generally from the 2000s. Medical spending differs across countries either because the price of services differs (for example, a coronary bypass surgery operation may cost more in the United States than in other countries) or because people receive more services in some countries than in others (for example, more bypass surgery operations). Within the price category, there are two further issues: whether factors earn different returns across countries and whether more clinical or administrative personnel are required to deliver the same care in different countries. We first present the results of a decomposition of healthcare spending along these lines in the United States and in Canada. We then delve into each component in more detail—administrative costs, factor prices, and the provision of care received—bringing in a broader range of international evidence when possible. Finally, we touch upon the organization of primary and chronic disease care and discuss possible gains in that area.

American Policy in Gifted Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

VanTassel-Baska, Joyce

2018-01-01

This article explores the history of gifted education policy and practice in the United States over the last five decades, documenting the lack of sustained progress in obtaining sustained federal support. It also highlights two case examples, one at the state level and a second at the national level of where a policy in a specific aspect of…

26 CFR 1.1503(d)-3 - Foreign use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... States) on its worldwide income or on a residence basis. (ii) The loss may be available to offset income... (for example, the United States). (iii) The deductibility of any portion of a deduction or loss taken... general. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a foreign use of a dual consolidated loss...

The United State of Wyoming: Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative Boosts Reading Scores Statewide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lain, Sheryl

2014-01-01

When teachers collaborate in schools, taking collective responsibility to improve instruction and achieve goals, student performance improves and good results happen. Wyoming is one example of a state that uses peer-to-peer professional learning with notable results. Teachers joined together to form a statewide professional community and saw the…

A Review Of Two Innovative Pavement Marking Patterns That Have Been Developed To Reduce Traffic Speeds And Crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-08-01

Regardless of whether we consider fatal crashes recorded throughout the United States or total crashes recorded in one state, it is clear that speeding is a serious threat to the motoring public. In 1993, for example, some 53,343 drivers were involve...

The Mississippi Choctaw: A Case Study of Intercultural Games.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, L. Brooks; Lujan, Philip

1983-01-01

Examines the Smith John case--in which the United States Supreme Court secured official recognition of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw as a tribe--as an example of "rhetorical games" used by different cultural groups to manipulate each other. Suggests alternative rhetorical strategies that would benefit the state and the Mississippi…

A case for conserving imperiled plants by ecological area

Treesearch

Tony Povilitis

2001-01-01

Imperiled plants are sometimes protected as endangered or threatened species at state and national levels. However, politically based geographic units fall short for conservation purposes. For example, only 19 percent of plant species considered imperiled in the San Juan region of Colorado and New Mexico appeared on recent state or federal endangered species lists....

The Causes of Instability in Nigeria and Implications for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

though it had previously epitomized the slogan “home of peace and tourism .”166 Here indigenous politicians and groups fear and denigrate Muslim...northern state of violence-prone Kaduna, for example, the Committee on Inter-Religious Harmony is chaired by the gover - nor to identify causes of

Implementing Game Design in School: A Worked Example (Mise en oeuvre de la conception de jeu à l'école: un exemple pratique)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herro, Danielle C.

2015-01-01

This case uses a worked or "working example" model (Gee, 2010), documenting the implementation of a novel game design curriculum in the United States. Created by an Instructional Technology Administrator (ITA) and two classroom teachers, it was subsequently offered to high school students. With an aim of providing in-depth understanding…

26 CFR 1.861-14T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... moratorium. The rules of this section do not apply to research and experimental expenses allocated under... assume that section 482 has not been applied by the Commissioner. Example 1: (i) Facts. P owns all of the....020 Research expense apportioned to United States income: EC07OC91.021 Example 2: (i) Facts. P owns...

26 CFR 1.961-2 - Reduction in basis of stock in foreign corporations and of other property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... examples: Example 1. (a) Domestic corporation M owns all of the 1,000 shares of the one class of stock in... of a United States person's— (i) Stock in a foreign corporation; (ii) Interest in a foreign... of— (i) The amount of such distribution which is excluded from gross income under section 959(a...

26 CFR 1.1441-6 - Claim of reduced withholding under an income tax treaty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paragraph (b)(2): Example 1. (i) Facts. Entity E is a business organization formed under the laws of country... under the U.S.-Y treaty only. Example 3. (i) Facts. E is a business organization formed under the laws... connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. (2) Income to which special rules...

26 CFR 1.901-3 - Reduction in amount of foreign taxes on foreign mineral income allowed as a credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... possession of the United States all income from such sources derived from the production of oil, the refining... gasoline. Similarly, income from such sources from the refining, distribution, or marketing of fuel oil by... example: Example. (a) Throughout 1974, M, a domestic corporation, owns all the one class of stock of N, a...

26 CFR 1.901-3 - Reduction in amount of foreign taxes on foreign mineral income allowed as a credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... possession of the United States all income from such sources derived from the production of oil, the refining... gasoline. Similarly, income from such sources from the refining, distribution, or marketing of fuel oil by... example: Example. (a) Throughout 1974, M, a domestic corporation, owns all the one class of stock of N, a...

26 CFR 1.901-3 - Reduction in amount of foreign taxes on foreign mineral income allowed as a credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... possession of the United States all income from such sources derived from the production of oil, the refining... gasoline. Similarly, income from such sources from the refining, distribution, or marketing of fuel oil by... example: Example. (a) Throughout 1974, M, a domestic corporation, owns all the one class of stock of N, a...

26 CFR 1.901-3 - Reduction in amount of foreign taxes on foreign mineral income allowed as a credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... possession of the United States all income from such sources derived from the production of oil, the refining... gasoline. Similarly, income from such sources from the refining, distribution, or marketing of fuel oil by... example: Example. (a) Throughout 1974, M, a domestic corporation, owns all the one class of stock of N, a...

Comparing Generic Drug Markets in Europe and the United States: Prices, Volumes, and Spending.

PubMed

Wouters, Olivier J; Kanavos, Panos G; McKEE, Martin

2017-09-01

Policy Points: Our study indicates that there are opportunities for cost savings in generic drug markets in Europe and the United States. Regulators should make it easier for generic drugs to reach the market. Regulators and payers should apply measures to stimulate price competition among generic drugmakers and to increase generic drug use. To meaningfully evaluate policy options, it is important to analyze historical context and understand why similar initiatives failed previously. Rising drug prices are putting pressure on health care budgets. Policymakers are assessing how they can save money through generic drugs. We compared generic drug prices and market shares in 13 European countries, using data from 2013, to assess the amount of variation that exists between countries. To place these results in context, we reviewed evidence from recent studies on the prices and use of generics in Europe and the United States. We also surveyed peer-reviewed studies, gray literature, and books published since 2000 to (1) outline existing generic drug policies in European countries and the United States; (2) identify ways to increase generic drug use and to promote price competition among generic drug companies; and (3) explore barriers to implementing reform of generic drug policies, using a historical example from the United States as a case study. The prices and market shares of generics vary widely across Europe. For example, prices charged by manufacturers in Switzerland are, on average, more than 2.5 times those in Germany and more than 6 times those in the United Kingdom, based on the results of a commonly used price index. The proportion of prescriptions filled with generics ranges from 17% in Switzerland to 83% in the United Kingdom. By comparison, the United States has historically had low generic drug prices and high rates of generic drug use (84% in 2013), but has in recent years experienced sharp price increases for some off-patent products. There are policy solutions to address issues in Europe and the United States, such as streamlining the generic drug approval process and requiring generic prescribing and substitution where such policies are not yet in place. The history of substitution laws in the United States provides insights into the economic, political, and cultural issues influencing the adoption of generic drug policies. Governments should apply coherent supply- and demand-side policies in generic drug markets. An immediate priority is to convince more physicians, pharmacists, and patients that generic drugs are bioequivalent to branded products. Special-interest groups continue to obstruct reform in Europe and the United States. © 2017 The Authors The Milbank Quarterly published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Millbank Memorial Fund.

Statins: Are These Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Right for You?

MedlinePlus

... for use in the United States. They include: atorvastatin (Lipitor) lovastatin (Altoprev) pitavastatin (Livalo) pravastatin (Pravachol) rosuvastatin ( ... combined with another heart health medication. Examples are atorvastatin/amlodipine (Caduet) and simvastatin/ezetimibe (Vytorin). Increasing evidence ...

Congestion pricing : a primer : overview

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-01

This Overview primer was produced to explain the concept of congestion pricing and its benefits, to present examples of congestion-pricing approaches implemented in the United States and abroad, and to briefly discuss federal-aid policy and programs ...

Gangs in Central America

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-17

livelihood, and protection. Societal Stigmas. Societal stigmas against gangs and gang- deportees from the United States have made the process of leaving...Ex-gang members report that employers are often unwilling to hire them. Tattooed former gang members, especially returning deportees from the United...American countries, with the exception of Panama, have a lower percentage of criminal deportees than the regional average. For example, criminal

Built to Outlast: Operational Approaches to Hybrid Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

advantage of research opportunities in the United States, United Kingdom and Israel financed by the Command and General Staff College and the Joint...as a means to de-legitimize governance efforts of a rival. Furthermore, it may simply be a nonstandard means of financing operations, which is...absent in other hybrid threat organizations. For example, Hezbollah finances a significant portion of its security

On Pythagoras Theorem for Products of Spectral Triples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Andrea, Francesco; Martinetti, Pierre

2013-05-01

We discuss a version of Pythagoras theorem in noncommutative geometry. Usual Pythagoras theorem can be formulated in terms of Connes' distance, between pure states, in the product of commutative spectral triples. We investigate the generalization to both non-pure states and arbitrary spectral triples. We show that Pythagoras theorem is replaced by some Pythagoras inequalities, that we prove for the product of arbitrary (i.e. non-necessarily commutative) spectral triples, assuming only some unitality condition. We show that these inequalities are optimal, and we provide non-unital counter-examples inspired by K-homology.

Grid-Level Application of Electrical Energy Storage: Example Use Cases in the United States and China

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Yingchen; Gevorgian, Vahan; Wang, Caixia

Electrical energy storage (EES) systems are expected to play an increasing role in helping the United States and China-the world's largest economies with the two largest power systems-meet the challenges of integrating more variable renewable resources and enhancing the reliability of power systems by improving the operating capabilities of the electric grid. EES systems are becoming integral components of a resilient and efficient grid through a diverse set of applications that include energy management, load shifting, frequency regulation, grid stabilization, and voltage support.

Optimisation of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant in Intraday Market: Riga CHP-2 Example

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanova, P.; Grebesh, E.; Linkevics, O.

2018-02-01

In the research, the influence of optimised combined cycle gas turbine unit - according to the previously developed EM & OM approach with its use in the intraday market - is evaluated on the generation portfolio. It consists of the two combined cycle gas turbine units. The introduced evaluation algorithm saves the power and heat balance before and after the performance of EM & OM approach by making changes in the generation profile of units. The aim of this algorithm is profit maximisation of the generation portfolio. The evaluation algorithm is implemented in multi-paradigm numerical computing environment MATLab on the example of Riga CHP-2. The results show that the use of EM & OM approach in the intraday market can be profitable or unprofitable. It depends on the initial state of generation units in the intraday market and on the content of the generation portfolio.

49 CFR 24.208 - Aliens not lawfully present in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall be conducted in a nondiscriminatory fashion. Each... invalid (for example a document reviewed does not on its face reasonably appear to be genuine), and that...

49 CFR 24.208 - Aliens not lawfully present in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall be conducted in a nondiscriminatory fashion. Each... invalid (for example a document reviewed does not on its face reasonably appear to be genuine), and that...

Pancreatic Islet Transplantation

MedlinePlus

... long-term use of immunosuppressive medications. For example, one approach is to transplant islets encapsulated with a special ... available in the United States. 2 However, only 1,562 pancreases were ... are pursuing various approaches to solve this shortage of islets, such as ...

Fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid in the United States.

PubMed

Fleischman, Alan R; Oinuma, Motoko

2011-08-01

Food fortification is an effective public health tool for addressing micronutrient deficiencies. The mandatory fortification of enriched cereal grains (e.g., wheat flour) with folic acid, which began in the United States in 1998, is an example of a successful intervention that significantly reduced the rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite the drop in NTD rates across all racial/ethnic groups after fortification, Hispanics continue to have the highest rates of this condition. One possible way to reduce this disparity is to fortify corn masa flour to increase the overall intake of folic acid in Hispanic women. We present the available evidence in favor of this approach, address possible safety issues, and outline next steps in the fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid in the United States.

Twentieth Century Regional Climate Change During the Summer in the Central United States Attributed to Agricultural Intensification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alter, Ross E.; Douglas, Hunter C.; Winter, Jonathan M.; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.

2018-02-01

Both land use changes and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have significantly modified regional climate over the last century. In the central United States, for example, observational data indicate that rainfall increased, surface air temperature decreased, and surface humidity increased during the summer over the course of the twentieth century concurrently with increases in both agricultural production and global GHG emissions. However, the relative contributions of each of these forcings to the observed regional changes remain unclear. Results of both regional climate model simulations and observational analyses suggest that much of the observed rainfall increase—as well as the decrease in temperature and increase in humidity—is attributable to agricultural intensification in the central United States, with natural variability and GHG emissions playing secondary roles. Thus, we conclude that twentieth century land use changes contributed more to forcing observed regional climate change during the summer in the central United States than increasing GHG emissions.

Mitigating Community Impacts of Energy Development: Some Examples for Coal and Nuclear Generating Plants in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peelle, Elizabeth

The Hartsville, Tennessee nuclear reactor site, the coal plant at Wheatland, Wyoming, and the nuclear plant at Skagit, Washington have mitigation plans developed in response to a federal, state, and local regulatory agency, respectively; the three mitigation plans aim at internalizing community-level social costs and benefits during the…

Partnerships in Education. A Statement Prepared For: Education, Employment and Training Committee, Chamber of Commerce of the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Sandra T.

Introductory material provided in this document states the mission of the National School Volunteer Program (NSVP), lists background trends related to community/school partnerships in education, and offers reasons for increasing the role of volunteers in schools. Subsequent material provides examples of programs based on cooperation and…

Ash dieback in the Northeast

Treesearch

Robert W. Brandt

1961-01-01

A dieback condition among our ash trees is causing great concern among foresters and forest industries in the northeastern United States. There is good cause for concern. For example, a recent survey made by the New York Conservation Department in 18 eastern counties of the State revealed that about 70 percent of the woodland ash trees are dead or dying.

Understanding "The Other" through Art: Fostering Narrative Imagination in Elementary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Jeong-Hee; Wiehe-Beck, Anna

2016-01-01

Teachers in many countries live the language of standards although it is confined to uniformity and standardization. In the United States, for example, teachers teach to what is now called the Common Core State Standards that focus on students' college and career readiness while falling short of developing good judgment and wisdom. In this…

Why the United States Underestimated the Soviet BW Threat

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

air sampling.2 For example, the nuclear power plant at Yongbyon in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was detected operating shortly after it...Cirincione, Wolfsthal, and Rajkumar, Deadly Arsenals, 435-437. 3 short amount of time. Chemical weapons plants also have large footprints that can...chemical processing plant for industry or agriculture is possible. For example, phosgene was a chemical weapon used extensively in World War I. This

Work of multiple organizations to improve seed potato health in U.S.A. and an example of change to reduce Potato virus Y in seed potato lots

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Work of multiple organizations to improve seed potato health in U.S.A. and an example of change to reduce Potato virus Y in seed lots. In the United States, seed potato improvement starts with the individual seed potato grower. The seed grower also has resources that are available from university e...

Addressing Child Poverty: How Does the United States Compare With Other Nations?

PubMed

Smeeding, Timothy; Thévenot, Céline

2016-04-01

Poverty during childhood raises a number of policy challenges. The earliest years are critical in terms of future cognitive and emotional development and early health outcomes, and have long-lasting consequences on future health. In this article child poverty in the United States is compared with a set of other developed countries. To the surprise of few, results show that child poverty is high in the United States. But why is poverty so much higher in the United States than in other rich nations? Among child poverty drivers, household composition and parent's labor market participation matter a great deal. But these are not insurmountable problems. Many of these disadvantages can be overcome by appropriate public policies. For example, single mothers have a very high probability of poverty in the United States, but this is not the case in other countries where the provision of work support increases mothers' labor earnings and together with strong public cash support effectively reduces child poverty. In this article we focus on the role and design of public expenditure to understand the functioning of the different national systems and highlight ways for improvements to reduce child poverty in the United States. We compare relative child poverty in the United States with poverty in a set of selected countries. The takeaway is that the United States underinvests in its children and their families and in so doing this leads to high child poverty and poor health and educational outcomes. If a nation like the United States wants to decrease poverty and improve health and life chances for poor children, it must support parental employment and incomes, and invest in children's futures as do other similar nations with less child poverty. Copyright © 2016 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cost containment and mechanical ventilation in the United States.

PubMed

Cohen, I L; Booth, F V

1994-08-01

In many ICUs, admission and discharge hinge on the need for intubation and ventilatory support. As few as 5% to 10% of ICU patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation, and this patient group consumes > or = 50% of ICU patient days and ICU resources. Prolonged ventilatory support and chronic ventilator dependency, both in the ICU and non-ICU settings, have a significant and growing impact on healthcare economics. In the United States, the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation is increasingly recognized as separate and distinct from the initial diagnosis and/or procedure that leads to hospitalization. This distinction has led to improved reimbursement under the prospective diagnosis-related group (DRG) system, and demands more precise accounting from healthcare providers responsible for these patients. Using both published and theoretical examples, mechanical ventilation in the United States is discussed, with a focus on cost containment. Included in the discussion are ventilator teams, standards of care, management protocols, stepdown units, rehabilitation units, and home care. The expanding role of total quality management (TQM) is also presented.

Systems identification and the adaptive management of waterfowl in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Williams, B.K.; Nichols, J.D.

2001-01-01

Waterfowl management in the United States is one of the more visible conservation success stories in the United States. It is authorized and supported by appropriate legislative authorities, based on large-scale monitoring programs, and widely accepted by the public. The process is one of only a limited number of large-scale examples of effective collaboration between research and management, integrating scientific information with management in a coherent framework for regulatory decision-making. However, harvest management continues to face some serious technical problems, many of which focus on sequential identification of the resource system in a context of optimal decision-making. The objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation of adaptive harvest management, the approach currently in use in the United States for regulatory decision-making. We lay out the legal and institutional framework for adaptive harvest management and provide a formal description of regulatory decision-making in terms of adaptive optimization. We discuss some technical and institutional challenges in applying adaptive harvest management and focus specifically on methods of estimating resource states for linear resource systems.

Development of a framework for evaluating yellow timing at signalized intersections.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-01

Studies show that the proper design of clearance intervals has significant implications for intersection safety. For : example, in 2001, approximately 218,000 red-light-running crashes occurred at signalized intersections in the United States. : Thes...

Wars of Ideas and the War of Ideas

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

product. A classic example is the “ Cola Wars” between Coca - Cola and Pepsi- Cola . Wars of Ideas: Some Conclusions. Inconclusive outcomes are not...classic example is the ongoing war of slogans and images between Coca - Cola and Pepsi- Cola . Each uses a combination of slogans, images, and celebrities in...to the United States with an acquired taste for Coca - Cola , and in a global bottling and distribution network. Another notable marketing move was

Renewable Energy and Storage Implementation in Naval Station Pearl Harbor

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

less costly than GOCO in higherthan GOGO in higherthan COC in lowerthan GOGO (thi rd JBPHH example) JBPHH exampl e) JBPHHexample; 21% party) in J BPHH...Analysis of Project Cost, Perfomance, and Pricing Trends in the United States. Berkely , CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Bullis, K. (2013, May...Energy Method for Analyzing Renewable Energy Systems. IEEE Systems Journal, Vol 9 #1, 3. Czumak, C. J ., & Woodside, J . C. (2014). Energy Resiliency for

Water and land management: Some examples of USDA international programs

Treesearch

Richard S. Affleck

2000-01-01

Environmental degradation and inefficient use of natural resources pose a growing threat to the interests of the United States, and to the physical, economic, and social well-being of people throughout the world. In his book, Global Paradox, John Naisbit states, "We have never learned, or we have forgotten, that the environment is the basis of all life and for all...

Plant succession on the Mount St. Helens debris-avalanche deposit.

Treesearch

Virginia H. Dale; Daniel R. Campbell; Wendy M. Adams; Charles M. Crisafulli; Virginia I. Dains; Peter M. Frenzen; Robert F. Holland

2005-01-01

Debris avalanches occasionally occur with the partial collapse of a volcano, and their ecological impacts have been studied worldwide. Examples include Mt. Taranaki in New Zealand (Clarkson 1990), Ksudach in Russia (Grishin et al. 19961, the Ontake volcano in Japan (Nakashizuka et al. 1993), and Mount Katmai in the state of Alaska in the United States (Griggs 1918a,b,...

National Guard Pre-Mobilization Training Certification: 54 Ways to Skin a Cat

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-18

control (C2) cell requirement for all 54 states and territories. The current funding model for the PTAE is 1:60 for all units within 730 days of...mobilization. For example, a state with an IBCT is authorized and funded for 57 PTAE personnel. The NGB will soon be moving to a new funding model that

The Concept and Context of the Engaged University in the Global South: Lessons from Latin America to Guide a Research Agenda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appe, Susan; Rubaii, Nadia; Líppez-De Castro, Sebastian; Capobianco, Stephen

2017-01-01

Engagement is widely recognized by higher education institutions, nation-states, and international organizations as the third pillar in the mission of university education. Despite the global reach of this concept, published research is disproportionately based on examples from the United States. This article brings to light the rich and extensive…

Insect control in socialist China and the corporate United States: the act of comparison, the tendency to forget, and the construction of difference in 1970s U.S.-Chinese scientific exchange.

PubMed

Schmalzer, Sigrid

2013-06-01

In 1975, a delegation of U.S. entomologists traveled to socialist China to observe Chinese insect control science. Their overwhelmingly positive reports highlighted in relief the pernicious effects of pesticide corporations on U.S. agriculture; some entomologists hoped this would goad the United States to catch up to China in environmentally sensible insect control practices. Of course, insect control in socialist China carried its own political baggage, some of which-for example, mass mobilization and self-reliance--the state made highly visible to visitors, and some of which--for example, harsh treatment of scientists--it sought to obscure. For both the U.S. and the Chinese participants, the act of comparison itself was of primary significance in the exchange, allowing them to construct socialist Chinese science as refreshingly different from U.S. science. At the same time, however, this construction of difference meant forgetting the much longer transnational history in which U.S. and Chinese entomology had been intertwined.

Nanotechnology: A Vast Field For The Creative Mind

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benavides, Jeannette

2004-01-01

This viewgraph presentation gives examples of possible future uses of nanotechnology, with some emphasis on carbon nanotubes and medical applications. The presentation provides an overview of organizations conducting nanotechnology research in the United States, and suggests a timeline for nanotechnology development.

Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 3. Design Guidance: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for Highways. Volume II - Design Examples

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-01

The report contains an assessment of existing port infrastructure related to United States-Mexico trade, planned infrastructure improvements, an identification of current trade and transportation flows, and an assessment of emerging trade corridors. ...

Transportation Management Center Concepts Of Operation, Implementation Guide

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT WILL ASSIST AGENCIES IN DEVELOPING A CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS BY PROVIDING INSIGHT INTO EACH OF THE TOPICS A CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS IS LIKELY TO CONTAIN. EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FROM TMCS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CAN...

Automatic vehicle identification technology applications to toll collection services

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Intelligent transportation systems technologies are being developed and applied through transportation systems in the United States. An example of this type of innovation can be seen on toll roads where a driver is required to deposit a toll in order...

JPRS Report, Soviet Union: International Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-25

Journalism Joan Didion (United States). Salvador (Conclusion). 85 From Our Foreign Correspondents VI. Reznichenko, P.P. Yakovlev. The Workdays and...American intelligentsia are now experiencing such insight; an example of this was the book by American author and journalist Joan Didion which was

Animal Rights Activism Threatens Dissection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holden, Constance

1990-01-01

Discussed is the movement against the use of dissections in science laboratories. Examples of protests across the United States are included. Compared is the plight of using animals in a biology classroom and the demise of the teaching of evolution in some areas. (KR)

State Landmarks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pappas, Marjorie L.

2003-01-01

Explains how to develop lesson plans to help students become effective researchers using electronic searching tools. Uses a unit developed for Kansas landmarks to discuss information skills, competency standards, inquiry, technology use, information literacy and process skills, finding information, and an example of a research log. (LRW)

Addressing Uncertainty in Fecal Indicator Bacteria Dark Inactivation Rates

EPA Science Inventory

Fecal contamination is a leading cause of surface water quality degradation. Roughly 20% of all total maximum daily load assessments approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency since 1995, for example, address water bodies with unacceptably high fecal indicator...

Don't give an inch!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geller, Robert J.

The camera ready copy (CRC) procedures for Geophysical Research Letters are now being revised. As one of the new editors, I looked through preliminary versions of the new forms and instructions for authors. Remarkably, all of the units (for example, maximum length = 75 inches or 189.9 cm) are given in both British and metric units, despite the fact that AGU's style guide for authors (Eos, October 11, 1988) states that “all quantities must be in metric units.”When I contacted the AGU staff to ask them to eliminate the anachronistic British units they refused, claiming that “In the word-processing packages with which we are familiar all margins are given in inches. It is inconvenient for folks not to have both measurements if the software they are using for making CRC requires them to give commands in the British system.” They did not, however, cite any examples of a software package that will not also accept metric units, perhaps because none exists. All packages with which I am familiar accept both inches and metric units.

Technical cooperation on nuclear security between the United States and China : review of the past and opportunities for the future.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pregenzer, Arian Leigh

2011-12-01

The United States and China are committed to cooperation to address the challenges of the next century. Technical cooperation, building on a long tradition of technical exchange between the two countries, can play an important role. This paper focuses on technical cooperation between the United States and China in the areas of nonproliferation, arms control and other nuclear security topics. It reviews cooperation during the 1990s on nonproliferation and arms control under the U.S.-China Arms Control Exchange, discusses examples of ongoing activities under the Peaceful Uses of Technology Agreement to enhance security of nuclear and radiological material, and suggests opportunitiesmore » for expanding technical cooperation between the defense nuclear laboratories of both countries to address a broader range of nuclear security topics.« less

Fortification of Corn Masa Flour With Folic Acid in the United States

PubMed Central

Oinuma, Motoko

2011-01-01

Food fortification is an effective public health tool for addressing micronutrient deficiencies. The mandatory fortification of enriched cereal grains (e.g., wheat flour) with folic acid, which began in the United States in 1998, is an example of a successful intervention that significantly reduced the rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite the drop in NTD rates across all racial/ethnic groups after fortification, Hispanics continue to have the highest rates of this condition. One possible way to reduce this disparity is to fortify corn masa flour to increase the overall intake of folic acid in Hispanic women. We present the available evidence in favor of this approach, address possible safety issues, and outline next steps in the fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid in the United States. PMID:21680940

Is the United States a good model for reducing social exclusion in Europe?

PubMed

Schmitt, John; Zipperer, Ben

2007-01-01

Advocates of U.S.-style labor market flexibility have long argued that Europe could generate jobs and lower unemployment if the continent's economies followed the example of the United States. More recently, proponents of the U.S. model have suggested that labor market deregulation also holds out the possibility of reducing the problem of "social exclusion" in Europe, primarily because unemployment is one of the worst forms of social exclusion and contributes to other forms of social marginalization. The authors review a broad range of social and economic indicators and conclude that the United States fares poorly compared with much of Europe on social measures. Meanwhile, U.S.-style flexibility has had only mixed success in improving employment outcomes, and the U.S. economy consistently provides lower levels of economic mobility than economies in Europe.

Science informed water resources decision-making: Examples using remote sensing observations in East Africa, the Lower Mekong Basin and the western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granger, S. L.; Andreadis, K.; Das, N.; Farr, T. G.; Ines, A. V. M.; Jayasinghe, S.; Jones, C. E.; Melton, F. S.; Ndungu, L. W.; Lai-Norling, J.; Painter, T. H.

2017-12-01

Across the globe, planners and decision makers are often hampered by organizational and data silos and/or a lack of historic data or scant in situ observations on which to base policy and action plans. The end result is a complex interaction of responsibilities, legal frameworks, and stakeholder needs guided by uncertain information that is essentially bounded by how climate extremes are defined and characterized. Because of the importance of water, considerable resources in the developing and developed world are invested in data and tools for managing water. However, the existing paradigm of water management around the world faces significant challenges including inadequate funding to install, maintain or upgrade monitoring networks, lack of resources to integrate new science and data sources into existing tools, and demands for improved spatial coverage of observations. Add to this, a changing hydrology that is so complex it requires measurements and analyses that have never been done before. Interest in applying remote sensing science and observations into the decision making process is growing the world over, but in order to succeed, it is essential to form partnerships with stakeholder organizations and decision makers at the outset. In this talk, we describe examples of succesful decision-maker and science partnering based on projects that apply remote sensing science and observations in East Africa and the Lower Mekong Basin supported by the SERVIR Initiative, a joint United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program, and projects in the western United States supported by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Western Water Applications Office (WWAO). All of these examples have benefitted from strong, committed partnerships with end user agencies. Best practices and lessons learned in connecting science to decision making amongst these examples are explored.

Space benefits: The secondary application of aerospace technology in other sectors of the economy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Over 580 examples of the beneficial use of NASA aerospace technology by public and private organizations are described to demonstrate the effects of mission-oriented programs on technological progress in the United States. General observations regarding technology transfer activity are presented. Benefit cases are listed in 20 categories along with pertinent information such as communication link with NASA; the DRI transfer example file number and individual case numbers associated with the technology and examples used; and the date of the latest contract with user organizations. Subject, organization, geographic, and field center indexes are included.

Space Benefits: The secondary application of aerospace technology in other sectors of the economy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Some 585 examples of the beneficial use of NASA aerospace technology by public and private organizations are described to demonstrate the effects of mission-oriented programs on technological progress in the United States. General observations regarding technology transfer activity are presented. Benefit cases are listed in 20 categories along with pertinent information such as communication link with NASA; the DRI transfer example file number; and individual case numbers associated with the technology and examples used; and the date of the latest contract with user organizations. Subject, organization, geographic, and field center indexes are included.

26 CFR 301.9000-6 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... grand jury to investigate further potential criminal tax violations. The United States Department of Justice approves the request and initiates a grand jury investigation. The grand jury indicts the taxpayer... the Federal grand jury investigation. That information is not IRS records or information within the...

Fans, Football and Federal Elections: A Real-World Example of Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Kenneth M.; Jackson, Dennis L.

2006-01-01

This article evaluates and explores the correlation (+0.892) between the United States federal election winner and the most recent Washington Redskin home-game winner, a relation perfectly linked for 17 of 18 elections since franchise inception in 1936.

ENGINEERING DESIGN CONFIGURATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL AMMONIA REMOVAL

EPA Science Inventory

Many regions in the United States have excessive levels of nutrients including ammonia in their source waters. For example, farming and agricultural sources of ammonia in the Midwest contribute to relatively high levels of ammonia in many ground waters. Although ammonia in water ...

Intercultural Business Communication, International Students, and Experiential Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheney, Rebecca S.

2001-01-01

Outlines the relevance of experiential learning to the teaching of intercultural business communication. Offers several examples of activities offering structured interactions between United States and international students, which help students apply principles of intercultural business communication to a given situation. Discusses several…

Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States for the Next Decade: An Ocean Research Priorities Plan and Implementation Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-26

ocean affects calcifying organisms, such as corals , with significant effects to reefs , the ecosystems they support, and their ability to pro- tect...water coral reefs , to open- ocean systems. For example, increasing ocean acidity, altered biogeochemistry, changing current patterns, loss of sea ice...for example, large swings in the populations of commercial fisheries, changes in seabird-population distributions, and coral - reef -bleaching events

Land Disputes Unearth Shaky Legal Foundation: Will Liberias Land Reform Provide Stability

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

United States by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 in communities that never contemplated formal tribal organization before, and as such, remains...example is the case of a Malaysian company, Sime Darby, and the Vai people of Grand Cape Mount. The people of Grand Cape Mount first suffered when BF...community land continues to occur in contemporary Liberia, and has resulted in years of litigation. One example involves community land owned by Chief Bah

The Potential Return on Public Investment in Detecting Adverse Drug Effects.

PubMed

Huybrechts, Krista F; Desai, Rishi J; Park, Moa; Gagne, Joshua J; Najafzadeh, Mehdi; Avorn, Jerry

2017-06-01

Many countries lack fully functional pharmacovigilance programs, and public budgets allocated to pharmacovigilance in industrialized countries remain low due to resource constraints and competing priorities. Using 3 case examples, we sought to estimate the public health and economic benefits resulting from public investment in active pharmacovigilance programs to detect adverse drug effects. We assessed 3 examples in which early signals of safety hazards were not adequately recognized, resulting in continued exposure of a large number of patients to these drugs when safer and effective alternative treatments were available. The drug examples studied were rofecoxib, cerivastatin, and troglitazone. Using an individual patient simulation model and the health care system perspective, we estimated the potential costs that could have been averted by early systematic detection of safety hazards through the implementation of active surveillance programs. We found that earlier drug withdrawal made possible by active safety surveillance would most likely have resulted in savings in direct medical costs of $773-$884 million for rofecoxib, $3-$10 million for cerivastatin, and $38-$63 million for troglitazone in the United States through the prevention of adverse events. By contrast, the yearly public investment in Food and Drug Administration initiated population-based pharmacovigilance activities in the United States is about $42.5 million at present. These examples illustrate a critical and economically justifiable role for active adverse effect surveillance in protecting the health of the public.

Insect infestation and residential property values: A hedonic analysis of the mountain pine beetle epidemic

Treesearch

James I. Price; Daniel W. McCollum; Robert P. Berrens

2010-01-01

In recent years mountain pine beetles (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae, along with several other bark beetle species, have severely damaged coniferous forests in the western United States (U.S.) and Canada (Morris and Walls, 2009). Colorado provides one example of a region that has been heavily affected. The Colorado State Forest Service estimates that 769,000ha of...

Performance Funding in Illinois Higher Education: The Roles of Politics, Budget Environment, and Individual Actors in the Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blankenberger, Bob; Phillips, Alan

2016-01-01

The completion agenda is the dominant theme in higher education policy in the United States today, and one of the primary strategies advocated in the agenda is performance funding in budgeting for public institutions. Illinois is one example of a state that has attempted to implement performance funding as a means of directing the behavior of…

United States National Security Interests and the Republic of Mexico.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

reforms. Regardless of how temporary, Mexico is undergoing some very hard economic realities and social concerns. The revolution in El Salvador has...examples by the former Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr., and the much acclaimed State Department "White Paper" on El Salvador testify: 81 » r...In testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Com- mittee in March 1981, former Secretary Haig argued that the insurgency in El Salvador was part

Classification of Meteorological Influences Surrounding Extreme Precipitation Events in the United States using the MERRA-2 Reanalysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collow, Allie Marquardt; Bosilovich, Mike; Ullrich, Paul; Hoeck, Ian

2017-01-01

Extreme precipitation events can have a large impact on society through flooding that can result in property destruction, crop losses, economic losses, the spread of water-borne diseases, and fatalities. Observations indicate there has been a statistically significant increase in extreme precipitation events over the past 15 years in the Northeastern United States and other localized regions of the country have become crippled with record flooding events, for example, the flooding that occurred in the Southeast United States associated with Hurricane Matthew in October 2016. Extreme precipitation events in the United States can be caused by various meteorological influences such as extratropical cyclones, tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective complexes, general air mass thunderstorms, upslope flow, fronts, and the North American Monsoon. Reanalyses, such as the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), have become a pivotal tool to study the meteorology surrounding extreme precipitation events. Using days classified as an extreme precipitation events based on a combination of observational gauge and radar data, two techniques for the classification of these events are used to gather additional information that can be used to determine how events have changed over time using atmospheric data from MERRA-2. The first is self organizing maps, which is an artificial neural network that uses unsupervised learning to cluster like patterns and the second is an automated detection technique that searches for characteristics in the atmosphere that define a meteorological phenomena. For example, the automated detection for tropical cycles searches for a defined area of suppressed sea level pressure, alongside thickness anomalies aloft, indicating the presence of a warm core. These techniques are employed for extreme precipitation events in preselected regions that were chosen based an analysis of the climatology of precipitation.

Implementation Costs of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program in the United States: A Financial Model and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Experiences at a Quaternary Academic Medical Center.

PubMed

Stone, Alexander B; Grant, Michael C; Pio Roda, Claro; Hobson, Deborah; Pawlik, Timothy; Wu, Christopher L; Wick, Elizabeth C

2016-03-01

Despite positive results from several international Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, the United States has been slow to adopt ERAS protocols, in part due to concern regarding the expenses of such a program. We sought to evaluate the potential annual net cost savings of implementing a US-based ERAS program. Using data from existing publications and experience with an ERAS program, a model of net financial costs was developed for surgical groups of escalating numbers of annual cases. Our example scenario provided a financial analysis of the implementation of an ERAS program at a United States academic institution based on data from the ERAS Program for Colorectal Surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Based on available data from the United States, ERAS programs lead to reductions in lengths of hospital stay that range from 0.7 to 2.7 days and substantial direct cost savings. Using example data from a quaternary hospital, the considerable cost of $552,783 associated with implementation of an ERAS program was offset by even greater savings in the first year of nearly $948,500, yielding a net savings of $395,717. Sensitivity analysis across several caseload and direct cost scenarios yielded similar savings in 20 of the 27 projections. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols have repeatedly led to reduction in length of hospital stay and improved surgical outcomes. A financial model, based on published data and experience, projects that investment in an ERAS program can also lead to net financial savings for US hospitals. Copyright © 2016 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Campus Community Collaborations: Examples and Resources for Community Colleges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pickeral, Terry, Ed.; Peters, Karen, Ed.

Describing collaborative activities between community colleges and the communities they serve, this sourcebook provides 15 essays by practitioners at colleges across the United States. Following introductory materials and the essay, "The Roots of Campus-Community Collaboration" (Terry Pickeral), the following essays are presented detailing…

Developing Mobile Based Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Florence; Pastore, Raymond; Snider, Jean

2012-01-01

This paper describes an instructional design class's experience developing instruction for the mobile web. The class was taught at a southeastern university in the United States in a master's level computer based instruction course. Two example projects are showcased and student reflections on design issues are highlighted. Additionally,…

An examination of women's representation and participation in bicycle advisory committees in California.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

In the United States, women bicycle at significantly lower rates than men. One method of remedying this disparity is to ensure that women are engaged in bicycle planning and policy making through, for example, participation in bicycle advisory commit...

Fleet Forecasts for the United States to 2020

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-21

Commodity 36). In particular, WSTS Commodity 33 includes auto-related items - piston engines, electric motors and generators, air conditioners, fuel pumps...as last year, at best. Mazda , for example, recently announced an actual cutback at its Flat Rock production site. The Voluntary Restraint Agreements

New York in the new world economy : the I-90 corridor study : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-12-01

The I-90 Corridor in upstate New York is a classic example of the de-industrialization of the Northeastern United States. With few exceptions, all counties along the corridor have experienced marked declined in manufacturing employment over the past ...

Integrating Infrastructures in the United States: Experience and Prospects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilbanks, Thomas

Infrastructure integration has been limited in the United States because infrastructure management responsibilities are fragmented by divisions between sectors and between the public and the private sector, but some changes are under way. Stimulated by a number of extreme events in recent decades, data and modeling capabilities for simulating infrastructure interdependencies have been developed and applied, and infrastructure integration in some cities has been encouraged by such foci as emergency preparedness and “green infrastructure” strategies. Integrative strategies have been explored for energy and water resource systems, in some cases related to other sectors as well. In summary, infrastructure integration inmore » the United States is occurring from the ground up, due in many cases to climate change impacts and risks. A number of examples of successes, supported by broad coalitions of interested parties (with evident sociopolitical payoffs), suggest that integration will increase through time.« less

Tularemia: history, epidemiology, pathogen physiology, and clinical manifestations.

PubMed

Sjöstedt, Anders

2007-06-01

Francisella tularensis has been recognized as a human pathogen for almost 100 years and is the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. Soon after its discovery, it became recognized as an important pathogen in several parts of the world, for example, in the United States and Soviet Union. The number of tularemia cases in the two countries peaked in the 1940s and has thereafter steadily declined. Despite this decline, there was still much interest in the pathogen in the 1950s and 1960s since it is highly infectious and transmissible by aerosol, rendering it a potent biothreat agent. In fact, it was one of the agents that was given the highest priority in the offensive programs of the United States and Soviet Union. After termination of the offensive programs in the 1960s, the interest in F. tularensis diminished significantly and little research was carried out for several decades. Outbreaks of tularemia during the last decade in Europe, for example, in Kosovo, Spain, and Scandinavia, led to a renewed public interest in the disease. This, together with a massive increase in the research funding, in particular in the United States since 2001, has resulted in a significant increase in the number of active Francisella researchers. This article summarizes, predominantly with a historical perspective, the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of tularemia and the physiology of F. tularensis.

Pharmaceutical patents and some international trade issues: Canada, the United States, and NAFTA.

PubMed

Tancer, R S

1993-01-01

This paper traces the evolution of a more aggressive US policy for the protection of the intellectual property rights of its citizens, individual and corporate, who do business aborad. It focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and, in particular, the harmonization of conflicting US and Canadian policies. In reconciling these policy differences, the United States unilaterally applied relatively new procedures authorized under section 301 and Special 301 of its trade laws. It also utilized the bilateral dispute mechanism mandating cooperation "in the Uruguay Round ... to improve protection of intellectual property," as provided in the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement. These efforts were successful; Canada amended its patent law in 1993 to conform to current international practices. These changes were incorporated into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), making it a state-of-the-art example of the protection of intellectual property rights. The intellectual property chapter of NAFTA will serve as the model for US intellectual property rights negotiations for the foreseeable future.

Landscape change in the southern Piedmont: challenges, solutions, and uncertainty across scales

USGS Publications Warehouse

Conroy, M.J.; Allen, Craig R.; Peterson, J.T.; Pritchard, L.J.; Moore, C.T.

2003-01-01

The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships; (2) resilience, in particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value; and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and lotic systems in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States.

A Research Agenda for Bridging the Gap Between Climate Science, Media and Public

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strauss, B.

2012-12-01

A large and widely noted gap exists between the urgent threats indicated by climate science, and the general lack of priority being assigned to climate change by the broader public, media and policy-makers in the United States. This gap has motivated many climate scientists to try to engage more with lay audiences. One pathway for doing so is to speak or write directly for these audiences—for example, via blogs. To succeed, however, this route generally demands development of entirely new and deceptively difficult skill sets, navigation of common important pitfalls, and a significant dedication of time outside of research. A second pathway instead builds on scientists' traditional strength in research: orienting and extending research to increase its interest and accessibility for wider audiences. A trivially simple but relevant example is using U.S. instead of metric units, even to the point of doing separate additional analyses based on round U.S. unit variable values. More fundamentally, scientists can (and increasingly do) resolve research results to the finest spatial and temporal scales possible, in order to deliver information that is of local and immediate interest. But for maximum effectiveness, research products must go beyond, for example, color scale maps—whatever their resolution—to summarizing and communicating findings for the units that people care about, such as individual states, counties or cities, whenever this is a legitimate and feasible exercise. In this talk, I will develop these and related themes, and draw heavily on my experience and lessons learned from Climate Central's Surging Seas project, a conceptually integrated research and communications program on sea level rise that has stimulated over 800 news stories, from small-town independent reporting to major national coverage, since its launch in March 2012.

Criminal Law Study Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

can convict the accused of more than one LIO, instead of the greater compound offense charged. For example: Accused was charged with robbery "by means...martial." R.C.M. 601(e)(2) (Discussion), MCM, 1984. Compounding the joinder problem was the prohibition in the MCM, 1969 (Rev.), against the joinder of...United States v. Ransome, 1 M.J. 1005 (N.C.M.R. 1976). 6. Truth is no defense. For example: Accused tells his superior officer, "You are a dirty , fat

Survey of Software Assurance Techniques for Highly Reliable Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Stacy

2004-01-01

This document provides a survey of software assurance techniques for highly reliable systems including a discussion of relevant safety standards for various industries in the United States and Europe, as well as examples of methods used during software development projects. It contains one section for each industry surveyed: Aerospace, Defense, Nuclear Power, Medical Devices and Transportation. Each section provides an overview of applicable standards and examples of a mission or software development project, software assurance techniques used and reliability achieved.

Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues.

PubMed

Beck, Teresa L; Le, Thien-Kim; Henry-Okafor, Queen; Shah, Megha K

2017-03-01

The number of undocumented immigrants (UIs) varies worldwide, and most reside in the United States. With more than 12 million UIs in the United States, addressing the health care needs of this population presents unique challenges and opportunities. Most UIs are uninsured and rely on the safety-net health system for their care. Because of young age, this population is often considered to be healthier than the overall US population, but they have specific health conditions and risks. Adequate coverage is lacking; however, there are examples of how to better address the health care needs of UIs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Technophilic hubris and espionage styles during the Cold War.

PubMed

Macrakis, Kristie

2010-06-01

During the Cold War the United States developed an espionage style that reflected its love affair with technology (technophilia) whereas the Soviet Union and the East Bloc continued a tradition of using humans to collect intelligence. This essay places the origins and development of these espionage styles during the Cold War in historical and social context, and assesses their strengths and weaknesses by drawing on examples from particular cases. While the United States won the Cold War, the East Bloc won the spy wars because of a more effective espionage style. I conclude with some reflections on the uses of history for future policy, and suggest areas for further study.

Medical school libraries in the United States and Canada built between 1961 and 1971.

PubMed Central

Beatty, W K; Beatty, V L

1975-01-01

Twenty-four medical school libraries in the United States and Canada built between 1961 and 1971 were surveyed by means of questionnaires and visits. Results indicated that half of these libraries will have reached maximum functional capacity approximately six years after they moved into their new quarters. Space for technical processing is generally much less than required. Special features and examples of effective planning are described, and problems in arrangement, traffic patterns for people and materials, and the lack of logical expansion space are discussed. Comparisons are made with a similar survey of twenty medical school libraries made in 1961. Images PMID:1191825

Status of downstream fish passage at hydroelectric projects in the northeast, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Odeh, Mufeed; Orvis, Curtis

1997-01-01

In the northeastern United States several guidance, protection, and conveyance methods have been employed to assist downstream migrating fish. Overlay racks, standard bar racks with close spacing, louvers, curtain walls, guide walls, netting, and other means have been used to guide and protect fish from entrainment. The design process of these facilities comprises consideration of various factors, including flow approach, attraction flow, guidance and protection devices, bypass location, conveyance mechanism, and plunge pool conditions. This paper presents the status of the design criteria for downstream fish passage facilities at hydroelectric sites in the northeast part of the United States. Examples of existing facilities are given.

Recent research on permethrin-treated United States military uniforms

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

History is replete with examples of arthropod-borne illnesses affecting the outcome of military conflicts. Therefore, protection of our U.S. military is paramount when they are deployed on missions throughout the world. A part of the system to protect military personnel consists of wearing permeth...

Review of Ordinary High Water Mark Indicators for Delineating Arid Streams in the Southwestern United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

water levels. For example, “hydromesic ruderals” (e.g., Xanthium strumarium , Polygonum lapathifolium, Polypogon monspeliensus) are disturbance-adapted...River, AZ Stromberg et al. (1997a) Annual herbs: Hydromesic ruderals dominant (All, HM) L HM Xanthium strumarium , Polypogon monspeliensis

Research Notes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blubaugh, William L.

1989-01-01

Summarizes papers appearing in other journals: (1) "Assessing the Impact of Computer-Based Instruction"; (2) "Computers as Tutors: MENDEL as an Example"; (3) "Computers in the Education of Science Students: A Comparison of Universities and Colleges in Japan and the United States"; (4) "Differentiation and Integration in a CAI Format"; and (5)…

Assessing the condition of riverine systems using multimetric indices: An example from Oregon's Calapooia basin

EPA Science Inventory

Streams and rivers of the Western United States are susceptible to the combined influences of climate change and an expanding human population. Empirical tools for assessing instream conditions play a critical role in monitoring change, preventing degradation, and mitigating imp...

Character, Leadership, and the Healthcare Professions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holmes, Elizabeth

2010-01-01

The presentation by Elizabeth Holmes, PhD, summarized the integration of character and leadership development in the education of healthcare professionals. Citing the mission, vision, values, graduate attributes, and various examples of current programs and initiatives from both the United States Naval Academy and the University of Botswana, the…

78 FR 43227 - Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-19

... in the United States. It measures, for example, time spent with children, working, sleeping, or doing... their time vary across demographic and labor force characteristics, such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, employment status, earnings, and education? How much time do parents spend in the company of their children...

Understanding How Schools Respond to Cyberbullying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snakenborg, John Brian

2012-01-01

A representative sample of approximately 2,000 public school principals in the Midwestern United States were surveyed about school policies and practices to prevent cyberbullying. They were also asked to interpret whether incidents involving problematic Internet and cell phone experiences of students were examples of cyberbullying. They also…

Strategic Planning of Technology Transfer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Groff, Warren H.

Using the Ohio Technology Transfer Organization (OTTO) as its primary example, this paper offers a strategic planning perspective on technology transfer and human resources development. First, a brief overview is provided of the maturation of mission priorities and planning processes in higher education in the United States, followed by a…

Corporate and Government Control of Education in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, James R.

Perspectives on connections between corporations, the military, and colleges are provided, with attention to whether corporate and government control is exerted over education. According to James Ridgeway's "The Closed Corporation," colleges are central to business/industrial and government/military activity. His examples include:…

James Craig Watson (1838-1880)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broughton, Peter

1996-04-01

Canadians feel a bittersweet pride when young people leave to make their fame and fortune in the United States. The life of the eminent nineteenth century astronomer, J. C. Watson, is another example from history that our brightest and best emigrate when educational and career opportunities are lacking at home.

(Some) Computer Futures: Mainframes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joseph, Earl C.

Possible futures for the world of mainframe computers can be forecast through studies identifying forces of change and their impact on current trends. Some new prospects for the future have been generated by advances in information technology; for example, recent United States successes in applied artificial intelligence (AI) have created new…

Design and Management Criteria for Fish, Amphibian, and Reptile Communities Within Created Agricultural Wetlands

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Design and management criteria for created agricultural wetlands in the midwestern United States typically focus on maximizing the ability to process agricultural runoff. Ecological benefits for fish, amphibian, and reptiles are often secondary considerations. One example of this water quality focu...

Next steps in determining the overall sustainability of perennial bioenergy crops

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Perennial bioenergy crops are being developed and evaluated in the United States to partially offset petroleum transport fuels. Accurate accounting of upstream and downstream greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is necessary to measure the overall carbon intensity of new biofuel feedstocks. For example, c...

A procurement-based pathway for promoting public health: innovative purchasing approaches for state and local government agencies.

PubMed

Noonan, Kathleen; Miller, Dorothy; Sell, Katherine; Rubin, David

2013-11-01

Through their purchasing powers, government agencies can play a critical role in leveraging markets to create healthier foods. In the United States, state and local governments are implementing creative approaches to procuring healthier foods, moving beyond the traditional regulatory relationship between government and vendors. They are forging new partnerships between government, non-profits, and researchers to increase healthier purchasing. On the basis of case examples, this article proposes a pathway in which state and local government agencies can use the procurement cycle to improve healthy eating.

Civilian-Military Relations in Latin America

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

PHOTO: Mexican army soldiers guard the narcotics police office 16 January 2003 in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico . The Mexican army has...maras, or gangs, in Central America and mexico . Conservative estimates by el salvador’s national Police have put the mara membership in Central...example, reportedly has 8,000 to 10,000 members in the United states, 4,000 members in Canada, and a presence in 25 states in mexico .7 The maras

Societal costs of exposure to toxic substances: economic and health costs of four case studies that are candidates for environmental causation.

PubMed Central

Muir, T; Zegarac, M

2001-01-01

Four outcomes that evidence suggests are candidates for "environmental causation" were chosen for analysis: diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental effects and hypothyroidism, and deficits in intelligence quotient (IQ). These are an enormous burden in the United States, Canada, and other industrial countries. We review findings on actual social and economic costs, construct estimates of some of the costs from pertinent sources, and provide several hypothetical examples consistent with published evidence. Many detailed costs are estimated, but these are fragmented and missing in coverage and jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the cumulative costs identified are very large, totaling $568 billion to $793 billion per year for Canada and the United States combined. Partial Canadian costs alone are $46 billion to $52 billion per year. Specifics include diabetes (United States and Canada), $128 billion per year; PD in the United States, $13 billion to $28.5 billion per year; neurodevelopmental deficits and hypothryoidism are endemic and, including estimates of costs of childhood disorders that evidence suggests are linked, amount to $81.5 billion to $167 billion per year for the United States and $2 billion per year in Ontario; loss of 5 IQ points cost $30 billion per year in Canada and $275 billion to $326 billion per year in the United States; and hypothetical dynamic economic impacts cost another $19 billion to $92 billion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Reasoned arguments based on the weight of evidence can support the hypothesis that at least 10%, up to 50% of these costs are environmentally induced--between $57 billion and $397 billion per year. PMID:11744507

Comparing floral and isotopic paleoelevation estimates: Examples from the western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyland, E. G.; Huntington, K. W.; Sheldon, N. D.; Smith, S. Y.; Strömberg, C. A. E.

2016-12-01

Describing paleoelevations is crucial to understanding tectonic processes and deconvolving the effects of uplift and climate on environmental change in the past. Decades of work has gone into estimating past elevation from various proxy archives, particularly using modern relationships between elevation and temperature, floral assemblage compositions, or oxygen isotope values. While these methods have been used widely and refined through time, they are rarely applied in tandem; here we provide two examples from the western United States using new multiproxy methods: 1) combining clumped isotopes and macrofloral assemblages to estimate paleoelevations along the Colorado Plateau, and 2) combining oxygen isotopes and phytolith methods to estimate paleoelevations within the greater Yellowstone region. Clumped isotope measurements and refined floral coexistence methods from sites on the northern Colorado Plateau like Florissant and Creede (CO) consistently estimate low (< 2km) elevations through the Eocene/Oligocene, suggesting slower uplift and a south-north propagation of the plateau. Oxygen isotope measurements and C4 phytolith estimates from sites surrounding the Yellowstone hotspot consistently estimate moderate uplift (0.2-0.7km) propagating along the hotspot track, suggesting migrating dynamic topography associated with the region. These examples provide support for the emerging practice of using multiproxy methods to estimate paleoelevations for important time periods, and can help integrate environmental and tectonic records of the past.

The Measurement and Role of Ecological Resilience Systems Theory Across Domain-Specific Outcomes: The Domain-Specific Resilient Systems Scales.

PubMed

Maltby, John; Day, Liz; Hall, Sophie S; Chivers, Sally

2017-10-01

Research suggests that trait resilience may be best understood within an ecological resilient systems theory, comprising engineering, ecological, and adaptive capacity resilience. However, there is no evidence as to how this theory translates to specific life domains. Data from two samples (the United States, n = 1,278; the United Kingdom, n = 211) facilitated five studies that introduce the Domain-Specific Resilient Systems Scales for assessing ecological resilient systems theory within work, health, marriage, friendships, and education. The Domain-Specific Resilient Systems Scales are found to predict unique variance in job satisfaction, lower job burnout, quality-of-life following illness, marriage commitment, and educational engagement, while controlling for factors including sex, age, personality, cognitive ability, and trait resilience. The findings also suggest a distinction between the three resilience dimensions in terms of the types of systems to which they contribute. Engineering resilience may contribute most to life domains where an established system needs to be maintained, for example, one's health. Ecological resilience may contribute most to life domains where the system needs sustainability in terms of present and future goal orientation, for example, one's work. Adaptive Capacity may contribute most to life domains where the system needs to be retained, preventing it from reaching a crisis state, for example, work burnout.

Development of New Repellents and Improved Permethrin-Treated Uniforms for the United States Military

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

History contains numerous examples of the impact of arthropod-borne illnesses on the outcome of military conflicts. Therefore, protection of our US military is paramount when they are deployed on missions throughout the world. Two components of the Department of Defense system for personal protect...

Miscommunication across Cultures: The Case of Marketing in Indian English. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frank, Jane

A study of intercultural business communication problems compared three examples of direct marketing sales letters similar in function, format, content, and targeted recipient but originating in different cultures (India, England, and the United States) and companies. The letters were directed to a single prospective purchaser of "Who's…

Nitrogen Balance and Use Efficiency in the Calapooia River Watershed, Oregon, United States

EPA Science Inventory

Reducing nitrogen (N) release into the environment through greater N use efficiencies (NUE) is a current challenge in watershed management. Examining N sources and sinks at local scales allows for better watershed-scale N use, for example when considering the tradeoffs between th...

Reintroduction of Fire into Fire-Dependent Ecosystems: Some Southern Examples

Treesearch

Dale Wade; George Custer; Jim Thorsen; Paul Kaskey; John Kush; Bill Twomey; Doug Voltolina

1997-01-01

Natural resource problems associated with, or resulting from, attempted fire exclusion are challenging managers across the United States. Critical issues range from epidemic insect and disease conditions to species extirpations. Southern burners continue to demonstrate that seemingly insurmountable constraints can be overcome through commitment and cooperation, and...

College-Bound Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Who's Who among American High School Students, Lake Forest, IL.

The college admissions process and the college selection process are complex and much debated procedures which confront more than 50% of high school seniors in the United States. The purpose of this digest is to help students explore options available in choosing a suitable postsecondary education. For example the advantages of large or small…

Continuity and Change in India’s Foreign Policy: The Next Five Years,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

mainly of food products (tea, coffee, rice, cashews , pepper), tobacco, leather goods, cotton textiles, jute products, light engineering goods, and...industrial fasteners ( nuts and bolts), for example, have drawn strong Indian protests, and the protectionist mood in the United States, as reflected in

Wastewater Collection System Toolbox | Eliminating Sanitary ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2017-04-10

Communities across the United States are working to find cost-effective, long-term approaches to managing their aging wastewater infrastructure and preventing the problems that lead to sanitary sewer overflows. The Toolbox is an effort by EPA New England to provide examples of programs and educational efforts from New England and beyond.

"Dine Bikeya": Teaching about Navajo Citizenship and Sovereignty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington, Elizabeth Yeager; van Hover, Stephanie

2011-01-01

The Navajo Nation, comprising the largest land area allocated mainly to a Native American jurisdiction in the United States, offers a unique opportunity to enhance students' understandings of citizenship rights and sovereignty. For example, what does sovereignty mean on the reservation? What is the relationship between the Navajo Nation and the…

BIHE@20: By the Numbers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black Issues in Higher Education, 2004

2004-01-01

Over the past 20 years, higher education has seen significant growth in the numbers of both associate's and bachelor's degrees conferred on students in the United States, particularly women and minorities. For example, the number of associate's degrees conferred on African American women between 1980 and 2000 nearly doubled, tripling for American…

Un-Settling Multicultural Erasures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grande, Sandy; Anderson, Lauren

2017-01-01

This essay begins by naming liberal forms of multiculturalism as a complicit discourse and theory in the erasure of Indigenous peoples. For example, it troubles the false narrative of the United States as a "nation of immigrants," offered up so frequently as a corrective to the current administration's divisive rhetoric and policies. The…

Return Interviews and Long Engagements with Ethnographic Informants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tobin, Joseph; Hayashi, Akiko

2017-01-01

This paper uses examples from research conducted in preschools in Japan, China, and the United States to illustrate the features and virtues of return interviews with informants with whom ethnographers have long research engagements. Return interviews and long research engagements are powerful research strategies that help the ethnographers ask…

5 CFR 2635.702 - Use of public office for private gain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... 2635.702 Section 2635.702 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS GOVERNMENT ETHICS STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Misuse of Position § 2635.702 Use of... Spanish officials and explain the advantages of procurement from the United States company. Example 3: The...

Carbon Offsets | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

offsets may fit into climate action plans for your research campus. Options Considerations Sample Project United States. Instead, several organizations offer certification, so the buyer must carefully research a seller's claims for carbon reduction. Today, carbon offsets are widely available. For example, the Chicago

Climate change and forest disturbances

Treesearch

Virginia H. Dale; Linda A. Joyce; Steve McNulty; Ronald P. Neilson; Matthew P. Ayres; Michael D. Flannigan; Paul J. Hanson; Lloyd C. Irland; Ariel E. Lugo; Chris J. Peterson; Daniel Simberloff; Frederick J. Swanson; Brian J. Stocks; Michael Wotton

2001-01-01

This article examines how eight disturbances influence forest structure, composition, and function, and how climate change may influence the severity, frequency, and magnitude of disturbances to forests. We focus on examples from the United States, although these influences occur worldwide. We also consider options for coping with disturbance under changing climate....

Technology and Rights

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrina, Stephen; Volk, Kenneth; Kim, Soowook

2004-01-01

What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal…

INTEGRATING FIELD-BASED SAMPLING AND LANDSCAPE DATA FOR REGIONAL SCALE ASSESSMENTS: EXAMPLES FROM THE UNITED STATES MID-ATLANTIC REGION

EPA Science Inventory

Spatially explicit identification of status and changes in ecological conditions over large, regional areas is key to targeting and prioritizing areas for potential further study and environmental protection and restoration. A critical limitation to this point has been our abili...

38 CFR 14.804 - Factors to consider.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... against disclosure, disclosure will not be made. Examples of such statutes are the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a, and sections 5701, 5705 and 7332 of title 38, United States Code.); (g) Whether the testimony or... national security interests, hamper VA or private health care research activities, reveal sensitive patient...

38 CFR 14.804 - Factors to consider.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... against disclosure, disclosure will not be made. Examples of such statutes are the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a, and sections 5701, 5705 and 7332 of title 38, United States Code.); (g) Whether the testimony or... national security interests, hamper VA or private health care research activities, reveal sensitive patient...

38 CFR 14.804 - Factors to consider.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... against disclosure, disclosure will not be made. Examples of such statutes are the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a, and sections 5701, 5705 and 7332 of title 38, United States Code.); (g) Whether the testimony or... national security interests, hamper VA or private health care research activities, reveal sensitive patient...

Moving International Technical Communication Forward: A World Englishes Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bokor, Michael Jarvis Kwadzo

2011-01-01

This article explores how the English language contributes to cross-boundary communication failure and establishes that there is an "English language problem" that has not been adequately addressed in preparing United States native English-speaking students for international technical communication tasks. For example, U.S. technical communication…

Maritime Domain Awareness: The Key to Maritime Security Operational Challenges and Technical Solutions

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

series with the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia , Brunei, and the United States. Another example of regional collaboration is the South East...computers to choose from producers such as Sony , Fujitsu, Compaq, Toshiba, Macintosh or a custom-built PC. The selection depends on factors such as

Toward an Apartheid Economy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Richard B.; And Others

1996-01-01

Suggests that in the last 20 years, the normal rate of inequality in the United States, except in the category of gender, has jumped. Cites specific examples of economic inequality and offers solutions to the problem. Responses are given by union representatives, economic researchers, the Secretary of Labor, a financial forecaster, and a bank…

Germplasm conservation for species restoration: Examples from efforts to restore the American chestnut

Treesearch

S.F. Fitzsimmons; K.M. Collins; J. Westbrook; T.M. Saielli; M.D. Brinckman

2017-01-01

American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once a foundational species in much of its native range, especially in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. Unfortunately, the species was driven to functional extinction by the accidental importation of an exotic fungal pathogen (Cryphonectria parasitica), the causal...

Managing Partnerships with University Support Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rockman, Ilene

This paper describes the following examples of partnerships in which academic libraries have been able to promote their institutional mission: (1) a partnership between the California Polytechnic State University library and the campus bookstore to honor campus authors; (2) a reception held by the Southern Methodist University (Texas) library in…

Strategies for Teaching Brainstorming in Design Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mentzer, Nathan; Farrington, Shawn; Tennenhouse, Jason

2015-01-01

Innovation has been an important aspect of economic and scientific success in the United States for decades. Hobday, Coffey, Saalfeld, and Colwell (2011) suggested that, in order to produce innovative ideas, one must have a design-thinking mentality. This article provides the readers with an example of brainstorming techniques that have been…

Performing Witnessing: Dramatic Engagement, Trauma and Museum Installations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Erika

2018-01-01

This article offers a discussion of two interactive museum installations, 'Remembering the Children: Daniel's Story' at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC, and the main exhibit at the Humanity House Museum in the Hague, Netherlands. Both are examples of what I term "self-guided dramas," taking the…

Ethics in the Business Curriculum at the Community College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoiles, JoAnn

Arguing for the inclusion of ethics instruction in community college business curricula, this paper addresses the crisis in ethical values affecting the United States today and offers suggestions regarding the content and methods of ethics instruction for business students. The first sections cite newspaper headlines and examples of dishonest…

The foliar chemistry dynamic in eastern hemlock and how it relates to the competitive mechanism between two invasive herbivores: Adelges tsugae and Fiorinia externa.

Treesearch

Mailea R. Miller-Pierce; Evan L. Preisser; Dave A. Orwig

2009-01-01

While invasive species themselves have been examined, little work has addressed the question of competition between two invasive specialists on a shared host. An example of this situation exists in the eastern United States, where...

Infanticide: A Critical Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walters, Norma J.

Infanticide in the United States today usually happens in the hospital. Occasionally, handicapped infants are killed by a direct act, but more often infanticide is accomplished by withholding something (for example, food, medication, surgery) that babies need to survive. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Baby Doe regulations of May 1982, and the…

Educational Quality, Outcomes Assessment, and Policy Change: The Virginia Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culver, Steve

2010-01-01

The higher education system in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States provides a case model for how discussions regarding educational quality and assessment of that quality have affected institutions' policy decisions and implementation. Using Levin's (1998) policy analysis framework, this essay explores how assessment of student…

Ecological consequences of elevated total dissolved solids associated with fossil fuel extraction in the United States

EPA Science Inventory

Fossil fuel burning is considered a major contributor to global climate change. The outlook for production and consumption of fossil fuels int he US indicates continued growth to support growing energy demands. For example, coal-generated electricity is projected ot increase from...

EARLY WARNING INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION: EXAMPLES OF TESTS IN THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT

EPA Science Inventory

Perennial grasslands that dominated the south-west United States during the past 10,000 years have been desertified to varying extents. Desertification is a temporal phenomenon, defined in this paper as a change in the scale of the spatial distribution of resources. We report her...

Communitarian Theory and Community Development in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sites, William

1998-01-01

The example of Chicago's Humboldt Park, where there is reluctance to use political action in response to gentrification, shows the limitations of communitarian conceptions of community building, which emphasize self-help and consensus building but fail to acknowledge the need for political articulation of rights-based demands. (SK)

Quality Assurance through Accreditation: When Resistance Meets Over-Compliance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salto, Dante J.

2018-01-01

A large number of countries worldwide have established quality assurance mechanisms in Higher Education, ranging from the long-engrained system (United States) to more recent developments in Europe, Latin America and other regions. This study explores the way Higher Education institutions, as examples of autonomous organisations, respond to a new…

Nineteenth Century Long-Term Instrumental Records, Examples From the Southeastern United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mock, C. J.

2001-12-01

Early instrumental records in the United States, defined as those operating before 1892 which is regarded the period prior to the modern climate record, provide a longer perspective of climatic variability at decadal and interannual timescales. Such reconstructions also provide a means of verification for other proxy data. This paper provides a American perspective of historical climatic research, emphasizing the urgent need to properly evaluate data quality and provide necessary corrections to make them compatible with the modern record. Different fixed observation times, different practices of weather instrument exposures, and statistical methods for calibration are the main issues in applying corrections and conducting proper climatic interpretations. I illustrate several examples on methodologies of this historical climatic research, focusing on the following in the Southeastern United States: daily reconstructed temperature time-series centered on Charleston SC and Natchez MS back to the late eighteenth century, and precipitation frequency reconstructions during the antebellum period for the Gulf Coast and coastal Southeast Atlantic states. Results indicate several prominent extremes unprecedented as compared to the modern record, such as the widespread warm winter of 1827-28, and the severe cold winters of 1856 and 1857. The reconstructions also yield important information concerning responses to past ENSO events, the PNA, NAO, and the PDO, particularly when compared with instrumental data from other regions. A high potential also exists for applying the climate reconstructions to assess historical climatic impacts on society in the Southeast, such as to understand climatic linkages to famous case studies of Yellow Fever epidemics and severe drought.

Building a North American Spatial Data Infrastructure

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coleman, D.J.; Nebert, D.D.

1998-01-01

This paper addresses the state of spatial data infrastructures within North America in late 1997. After providing some background underlying the philosophy and development of the SDI concept, the authors discuss effects of technology, institutions, and standardization that confront the cohesive implementation of a common infrastructure today. The paper concludes with a comparative framework and specific examples of elements and initiatives defining respective spatial data infrastructure initiatives in the United States and Canada.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Salnykov, A. A., E-mail: admin@rasnpp.org.ru

A method for predicting operating technological failures in nuclear power plants which makes it possible to reduce the unloading of the generator unit during the onset and development of an anomalous engineering state of the equipment by detecting a change in state earlier and taking suitable measures. With the circulating water supply loop of a nuclear power plant as an example, scenarios and algorithms for predicting technological failures in the operation of equipment long before their actual occurrence are discussed.

An introduction to high speed aircraft noise prediction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Mark R.

1992-01-01

The Aircraft Noise Prediction Program's High Speed Research prediction system (ANOPP-HSR) is introduced. This mini-manual is an introduction which gives a brief overview of the ANOPP system and the components of the HSR prediction method. ANOPP information resources are given. Twelve of the most common ANOPP-HSR control statements are described. Each control statement's purpose and format are stated and relevant examples are provided. More detailed examples of the use of the control statements are presented in the manual along with ten ANOPP-HSR templates. The purpose of the templates is to provide the user with working ANOPP-HSR programs which can be modified to serve particular prediction requirements. Also included in this manual is a brief discussion of common errors and how to solve these problems. The appendices include the following useful information: a summary of all ANOPP-HSR functional research modules, a data unit directory, a discussion of one of the more complex control statements, and input data unit and table examples.

The Globalization of Addiction Research: Capacity Building Mechanisms and Selected Examples

PubMed Central

Rawson, Richard A.; Woody, George; Kresina, Thomas F.; Gust, Steve

2014-01-01

Over the past decade, the amount and variety of addiction research around the world has increased substantially. Researchers in the United States, Western Europe, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have significantly contributed to knowledge about addiction and its treatment. However, the nature and context of substance use disorders (SUDs) and the populations using drugs are far more diverse than is reflected in studies done in Western cultures. To stimulate new research from a diverse set of cultural perspectives, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has promoted the development of addiction research capacity and skills around the world for over 25 years. This review will describe the programs NIDA has developed to sponsor international research and research fellows and will provide some examples of the work NIDA has supported. NIDA fellowships have allowed 496 individuals from 96 countries to be trained in addiction research. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia have recently developed funding to support addiction research to study SUD problems that impact their societies with NIDA guidance.. Examples from Malaysia, Tanzania, Brazil, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Republic of Georgia, Iceland, China, and Vietnam are used to illustrate research being conducted with NIDA support. Health services research, collaboratively funded by NIH and the Department of State, addresses a range of addiction service development questions in low- and middle-income countries. Findings have expanded the understanding of addiction and its treatment and are enhancing the ability of practitioners and policy makers to address SUDs using data to guide their decision-making. PMID:25747927

The globalization of addiction research: capacity-building mechanisms and selected examples.

PubMed

Rawson, Richard A; Woody, George; Kresina, Thomas F; Gust, Steven

2015-01-01

Over the past decade, the amount and variety of addiction research around the world has increased substantially. Researchers in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, and western Europe have significantly contributed to knowledge about addiction and its treatment. However, the nature and context of substance use disorders and the populations using drugs are far more diverse than is reflected in studies done in Western cultures. To stimulate new research from a diverse set of cultural perspectives, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has promoted the development of addiction research capacity and skills around the world for over 25 years. This review will describe the programs NIDA has developed to sponsor international research and research fellows and will provide some examples of the work NIDA has supported. NIDA fellowships have allowed 496 individuals from 96 countries to be trained in addiction research. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia have recently developed funding to support addiction research to study, with advice from NIDA, the substance use disorder problems that affect their societies. Examples from Malaysia, Tanzania, Brazil, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Republic of Georgia, Iceland, China, and Vietnam are used to illustrate research being conducted with NIDA support. Health services research, collaboratively funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and Department of State, addresses a range of addiction service development questions in low- and middle-income countries. Findings have expanded the understanding of addiction and its treatment, and are enhancing the ability of practitioners and policy makers to address substance use disorders.

The Role of Government in Physician Reimbursement.

PubMed

Woerheide, James; Lake, Tim; Rich, Eugene C

2016-01-01

Governments around the world exert a substantial degree of influence over physician reimbursement, but the structure and level of that influence varies greatly. This article defines and analyzes the role of government in physician reimbursement both internationally and in the United States. We create a typology for government involvement in physician reimbursement that divides intervention into either direct control or indirect control. Within those broad categories, we describe more specific forms of involvement including rate setting, operating as a public payer, employing physicians directly, providing a source of market discipline, regulating private insurance, and convening private participants in the market. We apply our framework to the modern healthcare systems of Germany, Sweden, Canada, and the United States, highlighting some of the implications of differences between the systems. Our central finding is that in contrast to other example healthcare systems, the United States system features a complex interplay of federal and state government influence, both direct and indirect, into physician reimbursement. We conclude the article by examining the ways in which recent legislation including the Affordable Care Act and the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act would likely change the role of government in physician reimbursement in the United States. Copyright © 2016 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Security Assistance Example, the U.S. Air Force and the African Coastal Security Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

Mauritania’s air unit, attached to the army and called the Groupement Aerienne de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie 15 (GARIM), has two Piper Cheyennes for...degree these countries effectively use these aircraft is a major question. The GARIM, for instance, has had problems financing its flying hours and...obtain financing from another source, assistance from the United States to improve the airpower capability in the region is highly unlikely. Within the

Journals of the plague years: documenting the history of the AIDS epidemic in the United States.

PubMed Central

Markel, H

2001-01-01

This commentary discusses several journalistic, literary, and historical accounts of the AIDS epidemic as it has unfolded in the United States over the past 2 decades. By examining the different ways that different types of storytellers chronicle the political, social, public health, medical, and economic aspects of epidemic disease, this essay will demonstrate why the AIDS epidemic has been of such intense interest not only to physicians and public health experts but also to journalists, novelists, playwrights, memoirists, and historians. AIDS is a particularly fascinating example of society's broad concern with epidemics because it both is a global pandemic and, in recent years, has become a chronic disease. PMID:11441724

Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach

PubMed Central

Johnson, Sara B.; Goodman, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Health disparities in the United States related to socioeconomic status are persistent and pervasive. This review highlights how social disadvantage, particularly low socioeconomic status and the health burden it brings, is passed from 1 generation to the next. First, we review current frameworks for understanding the intergenerational transmission of health disparities and provide 4 illustrative examples relevant to child health, development, and well-being. Second, the leading strategy to break the cycle of poverty in young families in the United States, the 2-generation approach, is reviewed. Finally, we propose a new 3-generation approach that must combine with the 2-generation approach to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of disadvantage and eliminate health disparities. PMID:27244844

Journals of the plague years: documenting the history of the AIDS epidemic in the United States.

PubMed

Markel, H

2001-07-01

This commentary discusses several journalistic, literary, and historical accounts of the AIDS epidemic as it has unfolded in the United States over the past 2 decades. By examining the different ways that different types of storytellers chronicle the political, social, public health, medical, and economic aspects of epidemic disease, this essay will demonstrate why the AIDS epidemic has been of such intense interest not only to physicians and public health experts but also to journalists, novelists, playwrights, memoirists, and historians. AIDS is a particularly fascinating example of society's broad concern with epidemics because it both is a global pandemic and, in recent years, has become a chronic disease.

Harvey Cushing and some Australian connections: part 1 - early life and work.

PubMed

Roxanas, M G

2010-02-01

Before World War 1 both the United States of America and Australia had rather rudimentary medical systems. Enterprising practitioners in both countries tended to look to continental Europe (especially Germany) and the United Kingdom as places of medical renown. The outbreak of World War 1 changed this but also enabled doctors from both the United States and Australia to work in military hospitals in Europe. The interactions that occurred were important for their professional development and led to some close associations between American and antipodean doctors. Examples of these were the experiences of Harvey Cushing, a burgeoning American neurosurgeon, which he recounted in his diary. His commentary merits close inspection and analysis. An account of some of Cushing's Australian connections post World War 1 is given in Part 2 (in press). Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinical process examples of cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis.

PubMed

Sivec, Harry J; Montesano, Vicki L

2013-09-01

Interest in the practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for persistent psychotic symptoms (CBT-p) has increased dramatically in the last decade. Despite the widespread interest, it remains challenging to obtain adequate training in this approach in the United States. This article provides a few hypothetical examples of the types of interventions commonly used in CBT-p. We provide information about the theoretical basis for the techniques and related research support. We also provide references that offer more detailed discussion of the theory and application of the techniques. 2013 APA, all rights reserved

Stresses in and general instability of monocoque cylinders with cutouts II : calculation of the stresses in a cylinder with a symmetric cutout

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoff, N J; Boley, Bruno A; Klein, Bertram

1945-01-01

A numerical procedure is presented for the calculation of the stresses in a monocoque cylinder with a cutout. In the procedure the structure is broken up into a great many units; the forces in these units corresponding to specified distortions of the units are calculated; a set of linear equations is established expressing the equilibrium conditions of the units in the distorted state; and the simultaneous linear equations are solved. A fully worked out numerical example, corresponding to the application of a pure bending moment, gave results in good agreement with experiments carried out earlier at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

School/Parent Partnership, Post-Katrina: Lake Forest Elementary Charter School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohler, Maxie; Early, Mardele; Christensen, Lois; Aldridge, Jerry

2013-01-01

Throughout the United States, the "charter school" movement is being discussed and implemented in numerous venues and configurations, and researchers have considered the pros and cons of these schools. One example of an exemplary charter school is Lake Forest Elementary Charter School in New Orleans, Louisiana. This charter school (www.…

Educating for International Interdependence: The Role of the Academic Library--Ohio University and Malaysia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulliner, K.; Lee, Hwa-Wei

There is a role, and even a responsibility, for academic libraries in the United States in cooperating with students, scholars, colleagues, institutions, and governments in Third World nations. For example, the international library internship program, in which professional librarians at the middle-management level spend three to six months…

Youth Civic Development: Theorizing a Domain with Evidence from Different Cultural Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flanagan, Constance A.; Martinez, M. Loreto; Cumsille, Patricio; Ngomane, Tsakani

2011-01-01

The authors use examples of youth civic engagement from Chile, South Africa, Central/Eastern Europe, and the United States--and also emphasize diversities among youth from different subgroups within countries--to illustrate common elements of the civic domain of youth development. These include the primacy of collective activity for forming…

Global Conversations about Social Justice: The Swedish-US Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norberg, Katarina; Arlestig, Helene; Angelle, Pamela S.

2014-01-01

This qualitative study investigated the social justice practices of four principals - two from the United States and two from Sweden. The purpose of the study was to enhance our understanding of school leaders' actions as they work to promote socially just practices in different national contexts. Principals were interviewed to examine their…

Estimating Achievement Gaps from Test Scores Reported in Ordinal "Proficiency" Categories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ho, Andrew D.; Reardon, Sean F.

2012-01-01

Test scores are commonly reported in a small number of ordered categories. Examples of such reporting include state accountability testing, Advanced Placement tests, and English proficiency tests. This paper introduces and evaluates methods for estimating achievement gaps on a familiar standard-deviation-unit metric using data from these ordered…

SPATIAL CHANGES IN THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LAKES ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES SINCE 2000

EPA Science Inventory

Much of the literature and attention on the analysis of ecological change is focused on detecting temporal trends at single sites. Of equal importance is the change in spatial condition across the landscape. For example, are there more hypereutrophic lakes in the U.S. now than th...

China’s Evolving Nuclear Deterrent: Major Drivers and Issues for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout...13 Organization of This Report...Several exter- nal organizations have tried to fill the gaps in data and understanding. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, for example, publishes an

Learning Communities: Beliefs Embedded in Content-Based Rituals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartel, Virginia B.

2005-01-01

This article addresses the underlying beliefs needed by teachers of young children if their learning communities are to be successful and self-sustaining. The relationships of language arts and social studies content to specific academic, social and literary rituals are discussed in the context of classroom examples in the United States. Trust and…

33 CFR 116.50 - Apportionment of costs under the Truman-Hobbs Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... traffic, and actual capital costs of the used service life. The United States will bear the balance of the... quality than similar items in the bridge prior to alteration. Examples include improved signal and fender... service life of old bridge ____ $____ Subtotal ____ $____ Share to be borne by the bridge owner...

33 CFR 116.50 - Apportionment of costs under the Truman-Hobbs Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... traffic, and actual capital costs of the used service life. The United States will bear the balance of the... quality than similar items in the bridge prior to alteration. Examples include improved signal and fender... service life of old bridge ____ $____ Subtotal ____ $____ Share to be borne by the bridge owner...

33 CFR 116.50 - Apportionment of costs under the Truman-Hobbs Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... traffic, and actual capital costs of the used service life. The United States will bear the balance of the... quality than similar items in the bridge prior to alteration. Examples include improved signal and fender... service life of old bridge ____ $____ Subtotal ____ $____ Share to be borne by the bridge owner...

33 CFR 116.50 - Apportionment of costs under the Truman-Hobbs Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... traffic, and actual capital costs of the used service life. The United States will bear the balance of the... quality than similar items in the bridge prior to alteration. Examples include improved signal and fender... service life of old bridge ____ $____ Subtotal ____ $____ Share to be borne by the bridge owner...

Teachable Moments in Math

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffin, Linda; Ward, David

2015-01-01

One day a teacher writes 12 = ___ + ___ on the board. "You wrote it wrong," says one of the 1st graders. "You can't write the answer first!" exclaims another. As teachers in classrooms across the United States put the new mathematics standards into practice, they'll face countless examples like this one. When teachers…

The Expansion of the Child's Garden: Women's Education and Kindergarten Enrollment during the Twentieth Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaub, Maryellen

2016-01-01

The emergence and transformation of kindergarten in the United States is the quintessential example of the irrepressibility of schooling expansion, the ever-greater institutionalization of education in children's lives, and the rise in formal education's emphasis on cognitive skills among young children. This article explores the cultural…

Recreation in the United States. National Historic Landmark Theme Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charleton, James H.

This report examines a number of outstanding and illustrative examples of a broad range of properties representing recreational activities that suggest themselves for possible National Historic Landmark recognition. The properties described in the study have been selected to represent places and activities that have had a major impact on American…

INFORMATION ABOUT NARCOTICS - RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR TEACHERS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ABRAMS, IRVING; HAWKINS, BARBARA A.

A SHORT HISTORY OF NARCOTICS AND THEIR LEGAL CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES IS PRESENTED WITH AN EXPLANATION OF ADDICTION AND METHODS OF ITS PREVENTION. TEACHERS ARE INFORMED OF WAYS IN WHICH TO IDENTIFY ADDICTED STUDENTS. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY MAY BE CLOSELY OBSERVED IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES, AND ABNORMALITIES INVESTIGATED BY A PHYSICIAN.…

JPRS Report: Science and Technology, Central Eurasia: Earth Sciences

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-11

given. Clipperton sector of the Pacific Ocean where such coun- The generality of the concept and the modular principle tries as the United States, USSR...Oblasts and including part of the waters the Black Sea with its islands . For example, the There was a considerable increase in the quantity of DDT

Meeting Core Requirements through Efficient Time Management. Teaching Tips.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prusak, Keven

1997-01-01

Using a basketball unit as an example, this paper presents a model to help middle school physical educators accomplish a proper warmup, stretch, and cardiovascular workout as required by state core requirements without sacrificing time for skills acquisition and play. Concepts of individual goal setting and goal achievement are an inherent part of…

AcuteToxicological Responses of Fischer Rats to Naturally Occurring Asbestos Samples from the United States and Canada

EPA Science Inventory

The potential public health issues related to exposure to natural asbestos deposits (commonly termed naturally occurring asbestos, NO A) has gained the regulatory and media spotlight in recent years. Arguably the most well known example is Libby, Montana, the site of the largest ...

Comparison of Paper-Pencil and Online Performances of Students with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taherbhai, Husein; Seo, Daeryong; Bowman, Trinell

2012-01-01

Literature in the United States provides many examples of no difference in student achievement when measured against the mode of test administration i.e., paper-pencil and online versions of the test. However, most of these researches centre on "regular" students who do not require differential teaching methods or different evaluation…

3 CFR 9043 - Proclamation 9043 of October 18, 2013. National Character Counts Week, 2013

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ground, and the lessons we teach our children about what citizenship means in the United States of... for their children. The children we raise today are surrounded by proud examples of integrity, and... commitment to helping our children turn away from bullying, harassment, and discrimination, and to giving...

Multiplex PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella serotypes in water samples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Three pathogens, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), are leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. For example, Campylobacter species are responsible for 17% of all hospitalizations related to illness, and although Campy...

Assessing International Evaluations. An Example from USAID's Democracy and Governance Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bollen, Kenneth; Paxton, Pamela; Morishima, Rumi

2005-01-01

Each year, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in international and bilateral aid programs to assist developing countries in expanding democratic governance. Evaluating these efforts' effectiveness is important given the vast needs of the client population. This article reviews a sample of evaluations of the United States Agency for…

The Stigmatization and Resilience of a Female Indigenous Mexican Immigrant

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casanova, Saskias

2012-01-01

This case study examines the autobiographical writing and interviews of Lupe, an Indigenous Mexican immigrant, at multiple times in her life. The case study is contextualized within social, historical, psychological, and institutional spaces both in the United States and in Mexico. Consequently, Lupe's journey is an example of how stigmatization…

Can Learning in Informal Settings Mitigate Disadvantage and Promote Urban Sustainability? School Gardens in Washington, DC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher-Maltese, Carley; Fisher, Dana R.; Ray, Rashawn

2018-01-01

This article explores how school gardens provide learning opportunities for school-aged children while concurrently helping cities achieve sustainability. The authors analyse this process in Washington, DC, a particularly innovative metropolis in the United States. This national capital city boasts two of the most progressive examples of…

75 FR 39335 - Incidental Takes of Marine Mammals During Specified Activities; Marine Seismic Survey in the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... . NMFS is not responsible for e-mail comments sent to addresses other than the one provided here.../permits/incidental.htm without change. All Personal Identifying Information (for example, name, address... which citizens of the United States can apply for an authorization not to exceed one year to...

Conservation of forest genetic resources in the United States.

Treesearch

B. St. Clair; S. Lipow; K. Vance-Borland; R. Johnson

2007-01-01

Conservation of genetic diversity is recognized as an important requirement of sustainable forest management. Gene conservation activities include in situ conservation of native stands in reserves and ex situ conservation in seed banks, genetic tests, seed and breeding orchards, and other plantations of known identity. We present an example from Oregon and Washington...

Representation, Geographic Districting, and Social Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webster, Gerald R.

2004-01-01

The United States is undergoing rapid demographic change leading to growing racial, ethnic, religious and economic diversity in our classrooms. Our students can be sensitized to this growing diversity through exposure to the concept of social justice. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of how social justice issues can be included…

Pizza: Teaching US History through Food and Place

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marino, Michael P.; Crocco, Margaret S.

2015-01-01

Pizza serves as a powerful example of historical themes such as immigration, cultural exchange and urbanization. In the post-WWII United States, Trenton, NJ, and other cities were gradually being transformed by suburbanization, the rise of fast food, and changes in family living related to women's entry in large numbers into the paid workforce.…

45 CFR 73.735-1003 - Conflicts of interest statutes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... sections 203, 205, 207 and 208 of title 18, United States Code, all of which carry criminal penalties... be possible to achieve where, for example, a consultant has an executive position with his or her... formulate a research and development contract or a research grant, and for the same reason, it is in the...

22 CFR 706.34 - What, if any, fees will I be charged?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) or scientific (if the request is from a non-commercial scientific institution) research. (3... free search and reproduction described above, except for commercial use requesters. For example, for a.... Interest will be at the rate prescribed in section 3717 of Title 31 of the United States Code. (2) If you...

Re-Engineering the United States Marine Corps Special Education Program (SEP).

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-03-01

McDonald’s or Burger King based on personal preference. This simple decision has only two alternatives and relatively low consequences (the decision...In the example of restaurants seen above, a person would not be able to examine 2000 different franchises and select the best one in which to invest

Responding to Fiscal Tensions and a Changing Educational Context: A Librarian Entrepreneur

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willmott, Kristen E.; Wall, Andrew F.

2012-01-01

This case explores various entrepreneurial initiatives introduced by Dr. Ron Dow, dean of libraries, at a private, research-extensive institution in the northeastern United States. The case serves as an example of how entrepreneurial ideas can be applied within educational contexts, specifically, the academic support context of the university…

Is the University Universal? Mobile (Re)Constitutions of American Academia in the Gulf Arab States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vora, Neha

2015-01-01

Through ethnographic examples of students' engagement with American universities in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, I argue that branch campuses have a particularly important relationship with emerging forms of racial consciousness, identity, and politicization among students, both citizen and foreign resident. This entry point is one that…

[Work quota setting and man-hour productivity estimation in pathologists].

PubMed

Svistunov, V V; Makarov, S V; Makarova, A E

The paper considers the development and current state of the regulation of work quota setting and remuneration in pathologists. Reasoning from the current staff standards for morbid anatomy departments (units), the authors present a method to calculate the load of pathologists. The essence of the proposed method is demonstrated using a specific example.

Small Voices, Big Impact: Preparing Students for Learning and Citizenship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cody, Jennifer L.; McGarry, Lorraine S.

2012-01-01

In this article, two teachers from a public school in the United States describe their beliefs about the importance of using student voice as a foundation for increasing student efficacy, recognizing student individuality, and addressing curriculum standards. Sharing examples from their classrooms, the authors illustrate how student voice can help…

Anthropology and Popular Culture: A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, Jack

The study of popular culture in the United States is an appropriate anthropological endeavor, as evidenced in a case study of the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens in Oregon. By examining its popular arts, anthropologists gain understanding of the culture and its people. For example, an analysis of reactions to the Mt. St. Helens eruption…

Explorations of roundwood technology in buildings

Treesearch

Jeffrey Cook

2001-01-01

A report and critical commentary is presented on the use of small diameter roundwood in building construction in the United States and England. Examples are discussed of roundwood joinery being evaluated at the USDA Forest Service's Forest Products Laboratory, and joinery developed by the British engineering consulting firm Buro Happold, working over 15 years in...

The origin of Ceratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus

Treesearch

Jennifer Juzwik; Thomas C. Harrington; William L. MacDonald; David N. Appel

2008-01-01

The oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, may be another example of a damaging, exotic species in forest ecosystems in the United States. Though C. fagacearum has received much research attention, the origin of the fungus is unknown. The pathogen may have been endemic at a low incidence until increased disturbances, changes...

Gay and Lesbian Youth Research: An East Asian Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sugiyama, Takashi

2006-01-01

As globalization proceeded, the rights of sexual minority groups have become one of the human rights that cannot be ignored. However, recognizing sexuality as a human right and promoting educational practices which affect human rights policies, have been implemented mainly in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. For example, the…

Parenting from Prison: Staying Connected while Apart

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tomlin, Angela; Pickholtz, Naomi; Green, Allison; Rumble, Patricia

2012-01-01

The United States has more people in prison than any other country, and more than half of those incarcerated are parents. This article reviews the challenges to parenting while in prison and considers how parental attachment experiences and difficult life trajectories have an impact on parent-child relationships. The authors provide examples of…

Strategic Forum. August 2013. The Rebalance to Asia: U.S.-China Relations and Regional Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

overweighted in the Middle East and underweighted in the Asia-Pacific.3 The phrase rebalance to Asia was intended to highlight the region’s heightened...Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru , Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam). TPP is an example of “open

Cohabiting Couple, Filing Jointly? Resource Pooling and U.S. Poverty Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Catherine

2004-01-01

Social policy in the United States is inconsistent in its treatment of cohabiting-parent households. For example, although welfare policy generally assumes that marital status should not affect the extent to which children benefit from each adult's income, tax policy and the poverty classification assume income pooling among married but not…

Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The greenbug is an important cereal pest periodically threatening wheat yields in the United States and around the world. Although the greenbug resistance gene Gb3 has been widely deployed in wheat cultivars in the southern High Plains (for example, TAM 110 and TAM 112), the molecular mechanisms of ...

Global Hubs and Global Nodes: Challenging Traditional Views of Communities, Clusters and Competitiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seline, Richard

2006-01-01

Five trends are emerging that will not only change the role of human capital in the United States but will also challenge the legacy system of workforce development, skills and competency-focused institutions, and assuredly, community colleges. Workforce investment boards, for example, are currently geographically constrained in environments that…

Leading by Example: A Soldier's Stories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulls, W. Kenneth, II

2007-01-01

In this article, the author, an officer in the United States Air Force (USAF), shares some leadership stories from his father's experience in Vietnam and his own experiences in the military. Both the author's corporate and university careers have benefited from the experience he gained in the military, as well as from the lessons shared in his…

Advocacy for the "Abandonados": Harnessing Cultural Beliefs for Latino Families and Their Children with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Shana R.

2013-01-01

Community services and supports for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) can ameliorate the negative effects of caregiving and enhance child outcomes. For example, in Central and South America, many children with disabilities are institutionalized with inadequate sanitation and medical care. In the United States, certain demographic…

Hearing the Cries of the Poor: Healthcare as Human Response

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Adam M., Jr.

2010-01-01

The keynote address of Vice Admiral Adam Robinson, Surgeon General of the United States Navy, summarizes the integration of healthcare humanitarian assistance as central to the Navy's mission of defending and promoting world peace. Citing various examples of current programs and initiatives, the address explores the critical place of human hope as…

The case for delaying planting of bottomland oaks: an example involving Nuttall oaks

Treesearch

David C. Mercker; David S. Buckley; John P. Conn

2013-01-01

A prominent difficulty during bottomland hardwood afforestation in the southeastern United States is that sites are often flooded during the preferred months of planting (January - March), which results in delayed planting (April - June) and reduced survival. We monitored growth and survival of Nuttall oak (Quercus texana Buckley) seedlings planted...

Censoring the Imagination: Challenges to Children's Books.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saltman, Judith

1998-01-01

Presents a brief history of the censorship of children's books, and then focuses on recent challenges. The view of literature as a socializing force is discussed, and examples of challenged books in the United States and Canada are provided, illustrating different reasons for censorship on both sides of the political and social spectrum. (AEF)

The Eagle’s Talons. The American Experience at War

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

carrying American passengers (for 143 EAGLE’S TALONS example, the Lusitania ), became the most volatile issue be- tween the United States and Germany. It...99, 103-4, 108, 118-22 Lusitania : 144, 374 McClernand, John Alexander: Lys River: 163 103 McDowell, Irvin: 105, 114-15, MacArthur, Douglas: xv, 16

The Impact of Historical Expectations on Women's Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenmann, Linda

2007-01-01

This paper explores ways in which gendered approaches have limited women's experience of higher education. Using a historical lens with primary examples from the United States and Britain, it demonstrates how beliefs about women over time led to three expectations about their educational participation: initially, that women were not interested in…

Module 4: Work-Family Policy in the United States. Work-Family Curriculum Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kossek, Ellen Ernst; Leana, Carrie; MacDermid, Shelley; Pitt-Catsouphes, Marcie; Raskin, Patricia; Secret, Mary; Shulkin, Sandee; Sweet, Stephen

2006-01-01

Public policy affects the experiences of workers and their families, both directly and indirectly. For example, employment-focused statutes such as the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Employment Retirement and Income Security Act, the Occupational Health and Safety Act, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act establish frameworks for…

Interactions of water quality and integrated groundwater management: exampled from the United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Groundwater is available in many parts of the world, but the quality of the water may limit its use. Contaminants can limit the use of groundwater through concerns associated with human health, aquatic health, economic costs, or even societal perception. Given this broad range of concerns, this chap...

Probabilistic population aging

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

We merge two methodologies, prospective measures of population aging and probabilistic population forecasts. We compare the speed of change and variability in forecasts of the old age dependency ratio and the prospective old age dependency ratio as well as the same comparison for the median age and the prospective median age. While conventional measures of population aging are computed on the basis of the number of years people have already lived, prospective measures are computed also taking account of the expected number of years they have left to live. Those remaining life expectancies change over time and differ from place to place. We compare the probabilistic distributions of the conventional and prospective measures using examples from China, Germany, Iran, and the United States. The changes over time and the variability of the prospective indicators are smaller than those that are observed in the conventional ones. A wide variety of new results emerge from the combination of methodologies. For example, for Germany, Iran, and the United States the likelihood that the prospective median age of the population in 2098 will be lower than it is today is close to 100 percent. PMID:28636675

CBRN Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Relevance of the United States Armys Chemical Corps in the Support of Homeland Security and Defense against State and Non-State Actors

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

scorpion- bombs /6.html. 42 Smart, 12. 19 infecting clothing with smallpox and yellow fever and then sold the clothing to unsuspicious Union troops...focusing on the use of biological warfare by terrorists.43 Radiological An example of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is a “dirty bomb .” It is a...combination of explosives and radioactive material. Most dirty bombs will not release enough radiation to kill people or cause severe illness

Trade Agreements and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals

PubMed Central

Gleeson, Deborah; Menkes, David B.

2018-01-01

There is growing international concern about the risks posed by direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription pharmaceuticals, including via the internet. Recent trade agreements negotiated by the United States, however, incorporate provisions that may constrain national regulation of DTCA. Some provisions explicitly mention DTCA; others enable foreign investors to seek compensation if new regulations are seen to harm their investments. These provisions may thus prevent countries from restricting DTCA or put them at risk of expensive legal action from companies seeking damages due to restrictions on advertising. While the most recent example, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), collapsed following US withdrawal in January 2017, early indications of the Trump Administration’s trade policy agenda signal an even more aggressive approach on the part of the United States in negotiating advantages for American businesses. Furthermore, the eleven remaining TPP countries may decide to proceed with the agreement in the absence of the United States, with most of the original text (including the provisions relevant to DTCA) intact. PMID:29524933

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

Inheritance vs ongoing evolution of the passive margin lithosphere in the southeastern United States: A comparison of <50Ma tectonism with tomographically imaged lithospheric structures.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wagner, L. S.; Fischer, K. M.; Hawman, R. B.; Hopper, E.; Howell, D.

2017-12-01

The southeastern United States is an archetypical passive margin, and yet significant evidence exists that this region, separated from the nearest plate boundary by thousands of kilometers and over 170 Ma, has experienced significant tectonism since the Eocene. This tectonism includes volcanism, uplift/deformation, and ongoing seismicity such as the 2011 Mw = 5.8 Mineral, VA earthquake and the 1886 M=7 Charleston, SC event. For each of these examples, numerous theories exist on their respective causes. However, there are two common themes that span all of these types of events: first, their proximity to regional terrane boundaries whose inherited structures could play a role; second, the nature of the mantle lithosphere underlying them. We present a recently completed inversion of seismic Rayleigh waves for the shear wave velocity structure of the uppermost 150 - 200 km beneath the southeastern United States. This inversion includes not only EarthScope Transportable Array data, but also the data from the 85 broadband stations installed as part of the Flex Array SouthEastern Suture of the Appalachian Mountains Experiment (SESAME). We find some evidence for structures inherited from previous episodes of rifting, accretion, and orogenesis. However, we also find several examples of mantle lithospheric structures that spatially correlate strongly with Eocene to recent tectonic activity, but do not correlate to any known inherited geometries. These examples include a small but pronounced sub-crustal low velocity anomaly beneath the Eocene volcanoes in western Virginia and eastern West Virginia, as well as evidence for mantle delamination beneath the Cape Fear Arch and uplifted portions of the Orangeburg Escarpment. We will discuss these, along with instances of recent tectonism in our study area that do not bear any obvious relationship to lithospheric structures, in order to shed light on the causes of ongoing tectonic activity in this supposedly "passive" margin setting.

Reliability modelling and analysis of a multi-state element based on a dynamic Bayesian network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhiqiang; Xu, Tingxue; Gu, Junyuan; Dong, Qi; Fu, Linyu

2018-04-01

This paper presents a quantitative reliability modelling and analysis method for multi-state elements based on a combination of the Markov process and a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), taking perfect repair, imperfect repair and condition-based maintenance (CBM) into consideration. The Markov models of elements without repair and under CBM are established, and an absorbing set is introduced to determine the reliability of the repairable element. According to the state-transition relations between the states determined by the Markov process, a DBN model is built. In addition, its parameters for series and parallel systems, namely, conditional probability tables, can be calculated by referring to the conditional degradation probabilities. Finally, the power of a control unit in a failure model is used as an example. A dynamic fault tree (DFT) is translated into a Bayesian network model, and subsequently extended to a DBN. The results show the state probabilities of an element and the system without repair, with perfect and imperfect repair, and under CBM, with an absorbing set plotted by differential equations and verified. Through referring forward, the reliability value of the control unit is determined in different kinds of modes. Finally, weak nodes are noted in the control unit.

Landscape change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, solutions and uncertainty across scales

USGS Publications Warehouse

Conroy, M.J.; Allen, Craig R.; Peterson, J.T.; Pritchard, L.; Moore, C.T.

2003-01-01

The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships; (2) resilience, in particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value; and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and lotic systems in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. Copyright ?? 2003 by the author(s). Published here under licence by The Resilience Alliance.

H-theorem and Maxwell demon in quantum physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirsanov, N. S.; Lebedev, A. V.; Sadovskyy, I. A.; Suslov, M. V.; Vinokur, V. M.; Blatter, G.; Lesovik, G. B.

2018-02-01

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that temporal evolution of an isolated system occurs with non-diminishing entropy. In quantum realm, this holds for energy-isolated systems the evolution of which is described by the so-called unital quantum channel. The entropy of a system evolving in a non-unital quantum channel can, in principle, decrease. We formulate a general criterion of unitality for the evolution of a quantum system, enabling a simple and rigorous approach for finding and identifying the processes accompanied by decreasing entropy in energy-isolated systems. We discuss two examples illustrating our findings, the quantum Maxwell demon and heating-cooling process within a two-qubit system.

Mapping the radon potential of the united states: Examples from the Appalachians

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gundersen, L.C.S.; Schumann, R.R.; ,

1997-01-01

The geologic radon potential of the United States was recently assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Results indicate that approximately 33% of the U.S. population lives within geologic provinces where the average indoor radon levels have the potential to be greater than 4 pCi/L (147 Bq/m3). Rock types most commonly associated with high indoor radon include: 1) Uraniferous metamorphosed sediments, volcanics, and granite intrusives, especially those that are highly deformed or sheared. 2) Glacial deposits derived from uranium-bearing rocks and sediments. 3) Carboniferous, black shales. 4) Soils derived from carbonate rock, especially in karstic terrain. 5) Uraniferous fluvial, deltaic, marine, and lacustrine deposits. Different geologic terrains of the eastern United States illustrate some of the problems inherent in correlating indoor radon with geology. The Central and Southern Appalachian Highlands of the eastern United States have not been glaciated and most soils there are saprolitic, derived directly from the underlying bedrock. Regression analyses of bedrock geologic and radon parameters yield positive correlations (R > 0.5 to 0.9) and indicate that bedrock geology can account for a significant portion of the indoor radon variation. In glaciated areas of the United States such as the northern Appalachian Highlands and Appalachian Plateau, the correlation of bedrock geology to indoor radon is obscured or is positive only in certain cases. In these glaciated areas of the country, it is the type, composition, thickness, and permeability of glacial deposits, rather than the bedrock geology, that controls the radon source.

Optimal tracking and testing of U.S. and Canadian herds for BSE: a value-of-information (VOI) approach.

PubMed

Cox, Louis Anthony; Popken, Douglas A; VanSickle, John J; Sahu, Ranajit

2005-08-01

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) tests a subset of cattle slaughtered in the United States for bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE). Knowing the origin of cattle (U.S. vs. Canadian) at testing could enable new testing or surveillance policies based on the origin of cattle testing positive. For example, if a Canadian cow tests positive for BSE, while no U.S. origin cattle do, the United States could subject Canadian cattle to more stringent testing. This article illustrates the application of a value-of-information (VOI) framework to quantify and compare potential economic costs to the United States of implementing tracking cattle origins to the costs of not doing so. The potential economic value of information from a tracking program is estimated to exceed its costs by more than five-fold if such information can reduce future losses in export and domestic markets and reduce future testing costs required to reassure or win back customers. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion is somewhat robust to many technical, scientific, and market uncertainties, including the current prevalence of BSE in the United States and/or Canada and the likely reactions of consumers to possible future discoveries of BSE in the United States and/or Canada. Indeed, the potential value of tracking information is great enough to justify locating and tracking Canadian cattle already in the United States when this can be done for a reasonable cost. If aggressive tracking and testing can win back lost exports, then the VOI of a tracking program may increase to over half a billion dollars per year.

Hydrologic unit maps

USGS Publications Warehouse

Seaber, Paul R.; Kapinos, F. Paul; Knapp, George L.

1987-01-01

A set of maps depicting approved boundaries of, and numerical codes for, river-basin units of the United States has been developed by the U.S . Geological Survey. These 'Hydrologic Unit Maps' are four-color maps that present information on drainage, culture, hydrography, and hydrologic boundaries and codes of (1) the 21 major water-resources regions and the 222 subregions designated by the U.S . Water Resources Council, (2) the 352 accounting units of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Data Network, and (3) the 2,149 cataloging units of the U.S . Geological Survey's 'Catalog of information on Water Data:' The maps are plotted on the Geological Survey State base-map series at a scale of 1 :500,000 and, except for Alaska, depict hydrologic unit boundaries for all drainage basins greater than 700 square miles (1,813 square kilometers). A complete list of all the hydrologic units, along with their drainage areas, their names, and the names of the States or outlying areas in which they reside, is contained in the report. These maps and associated codes provide a standardized base for use by water-resources organizations in locating, storing, retrieving, and exchanging hydrologic data, in indexing and inventorying hydrologic data and information, in cataloging water-data acquisition activities, and in a variety of other applications. Because the maps have undergone extensive review by all principal Federal, regional, and State water-resource agencies, they are widely accepted for use in planning and describing water-use and related land-use activities, and in geographically organizing hydrologic data . Examples of these uses are given in the report . The hydrologic unit codes shown on the maps have been approved as a Federal Information Processing Standard for use by the Federal establishment.

Green Care: A Review of the Benefits and Potential of Animal-Assisted Care Farming Globally and in Rural America.

PubMed

Artz, Brianna; Bitler Davis, Doris

2017-04-13

The term Green Care includes therapeutic, social or educational interventions involving farming; farm animals; gardening or general contact with nature. Although Green Care can occur in any setting in which there is interaction with plants or animals, this review focuses on therapeutic practices occurring on farms. The efficacy of care farming is discussed and the broad utilization of care farming and farm care communities in Europe is reviewed. Though evidence from care farms in the United States is included in this review, the empirical evidence which could determine its efficacy is lacking. For example, the empirical evidence supporting or refuting the efficacy of therapeutic horseback riding in adults is minimal, while there is little non-equine care farming literature with children. The health care systems in Europe are also much different than those in the United States. In order for insurance companies to cover Green Care techniques in the United States, extensive research is necessary. This paper proposes community-based ways that Green Care methods can be utilized without insurance in the United States. Though Green Care can certainly be provided in urban areas, this paper focuses on ways rural areas can utilize existing farms to benefit the mental and physical health of their communities.

Why Have Educational Disparities in Mortality Increased among White Women in the United States?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montez, Jennifer Karas; Zajacova, Anna

2013-01-01

Since the mid-1980s differences in mortality risk across education levels have widened considerably among non-Hispanic white women. For example, while mortality has "declined" among college-educated women, it has remained fairly "stable" among women with a high school credential or some college education and "increased" among women without a high…

CAN SITE-SPECIFIC TRENDS BE EXTRAPOLATED TO A REGION? AN ACIDIFICATION EXAMPLE FOR THE NORTHEAST

EPA Science Inventory

In the absence of true regional data on changes in the acid/base status of lakes in the northeastern United States, we explore the possibility of using site-specific trends information from a judgment sample of lakes to assess the efficacy of the Clean Air Act Amendments. A meta-...

Nationalistic vs. Global Education: An Examination of National Bias in the Schools and Its Implications For a Global Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Jack L.

1976-01-01

This article discusses the history of nationalistic education, describes examples of it in Poland, Germany, France, Germany, Russia, and China, and examines selected requirements related to it in the United States. Several approaches for making nationalist education more relevant to a global society are presented. (Author/RM)

Primary and Secondary Education in the United States. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 585

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tulip, Peter; Wurzburg, Gregory

2007-01-01

The average educational attainment of US students is weak by international comparison. For example, mean results of PISA test scores are below the OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] average. This is despite substantial resources devoted to the schooling system. One partial explanation for this is that academic standards,…

Psychological Warfare: The Media and Relational Aggression among Female College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberg, Rebecca M.

2009-01-01

For this study, the researcher examined the media's influences on the experience of relational aggression among college women. Women in the United States of America are learning to stifle their true selves in favor of the feminine ideal, which includes behaving covertly. Examples of female behavior as presented in the Western media include a wide…

Reflections on Student Interns' Cultural Awareness Developed through a Short-Term International Internship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batey, Jacqueline J.; Lupi, Marsha H.

2012-01-01

The study-abroad internship option for students is one example of a transformational learning opportunity (TLO) that is becoming increasingly popular in programs offered by colleges and universities in the United States (Alfaro, 2008; Cushner & Mahon, 2002). These TLOs often have the potential to broaden, enrich, or augment student learning and…

26 CFR 1.924(d)-1 - Requirement that economic processes take place outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. (ii) Customer groupings. A customer grouping... customers. Through its existing agreements with a domestic unrelated person, the related supplier... requirements of section 924(d)(1)(A). For example, if a FSC sells a product to a foreign customer by first...

Validating a Standards-Based Classroom Assessment of English Proficiency: A Multitrait-Multimethod Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llosa, Lorena

2007-01-01

The use of standards-based classroom assessments to test English learners' language proficiency is increasingly prevalent in the United States and many other countries. In a large urban school district in California, for example, a classroom assessment is used to make high-stakes decisions about English learners' progress from one level to the…

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa or C. indica) agriculture and the environment: a systematic, spatially-explicit survey and potential impacts

Treesearch

Van Butsic; Jacob C. Brenner

2017-01-01

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa or C. indica) agriculture is a multi-billion dollar industry in the United States that is changing rapidly with policy liberalization. Anecdotal observations fuel speculation about associated environmental impacts, and there is an urgent need for systematic empirical research. An example from Humboldt...

Fir Engraver (FIDL)

Treesearch

George T. Ferrell

1986-01-01

The fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, belongs to the family of insects called bark beetles, which live between the bark and wood of host trees. A wide-ranging, native beetle, the fir engraver attacks most species of fir in the Western United States. Epidemics can cause severe tree mortality. From 1977 to 1978, for example, the fir engraver killed an estimated 1...

Financing Facility Improvements for Out-of-School Time and Community School Programs. Strategy Brief. Vol. 1 No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynn, Margaret

This strategy brief presents general principles and strategies for financing facility improvements and highlights five examples of innovative strategies found throughout the United States. The strategies described concern facility improvements for out-of-school time and community school programs and include the following: (1) accessing school…

An Example of the Estimation and Display of a Smoothly Varying Function of Time and Space--The Incidence of the Disease Mumps.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, William F.; Mockus, Audris

1994-01-01

Describes animation algorithms for creating smooth functions of time- and space-varying phenomenon. The incidence of the disease mumps from 1968-88 in the United States is used to demonstrate the algorithms. Figures that illustrate the findings are included. (14 references) (KRN)

26 CFR 31.3406(h)-2 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... payment and converting the amount withheld into United States dollars on the date of payment at the spot rate (as defined in § 1.988-1(d)(1) of this chapter) or pursuant to a reasonable spot rate convention. For example, a withholding agent may use a month-end spot rate or a monthly average spot rate. A spot...

26 CFR 31.3406(h)-2 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... payment and converting the amount withheld into United States dollars on the date of payment at the spot rate (as defined in § 1.988-1(d)(1) of this chapter) or pursuant to a reasonable spot rate convention. For example, a withholding agent may use a month-end spot rate or a monthly average spot rate. A spot...

26 CFR 31.3406(h)-2 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... payment and converting the amount withheld into United States dollars on the date of payment at the spot rate (as defined in § 1.988-1(d)(1) of this chapter) or pursuant to a reasonable spot rate convention. For example, a withholding agent may use a month-end spot rate or a monthly average spot rate. A spot...

26 CFR 31.3406(h)-2 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... payment and converting the amount withheld into United States dollars on the date of payment at the spot rate (as defined in § 1.988-1(d)(1) of this chapter) or pursuant to a reasonable spot rate convention. For example, a withholding agent may use a month-end spot rate or a monthly average spot rate. A spot...

The Treatment of Family Issues in United States History Textbooks: General Thoughts and a Review of Several Examples.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Linda

1994-01-01

Reports on a study of the treatment of family issues in 12 college-level U.S. history textbooks. Concludes that instructors who want to introduce serious discussions of families into a survey course must be prepared to offer additional readings, lecture material, and exercises beyond the textbook content. (CFR)

American Foreign Policy. Social Studies: 6416.58.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siry, Larry

This American Studies elective course for 10th 11th, and 12th grade students emphasizes American foreign policy in this century. Specific examples of past policy serve as a basis for analyzing factors involved in policy making. It is hoped that a knowledge of the United States' role in the international arena will lead to a more complete…

Doing Good, Doing Science: The Holmes Group Reports and the Rhetorics of Educational Reform.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Labaree, David F.

Contrasting rhetorics of the two Holmes Group reports are examples of the polar types of educational rhetoric that have characterized the literature on educational reform in the United States. In "Tomorrow's Teachers," the argument for educational reform rests on technical grounds; the position is that of the educational expert and the…

Projection and Reflection of American Culture via Mass Media--Case Study: Australia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breen, Myles P.

The current Australian scene is a good example of how American culture as portrayed in the mass media is reflected by a receptor national culture. Australia, sharing a similar history and a common language with the United States, has virtually no resistance to American culture. Some differences in national characteristics, such as the Australian…

Using NASA and the Space Program to Help High School and College Students Learn Chemistry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelter, Paul B.; And Others

1987-01-01

Discusses some of the chemical concepts that the United States Space Program illustrates. Describes ways to use the space program to motivate students to learn chemistry and its relationship to the world. Provides examples of classroom applications to environmental chemistry and biochemistry in studying the operation of the space shuttle. (TW)

19 CFR 181.53 - Collection and waiver or reduction of duty under duty-deferral programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Canada or Mexico. Example. Company N imports tea into the United States and makes a Class 6 warehouse entry. Company N manufactures sweetened ice tea mix by combining the imported tea with refined cane sugar and other flavorings and packaging it in retail size canisters. Upon withdrawal of the ice tea mix...

26 CFR 1.861-8T - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... income. In determining the method of apportionment for a specific deduction, examples of bases and..., research and development expenses, and certain other deductions. The effects on tax liability of the... comparative value of assets that generate income within each grouping, provided that such method reflects the...

26 CFR 1.861-8T - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... income. In determining the method of apportionment for a specific deduction, examples of bases and..., research and development expenses, and certain other deductions. The effects on tax liability of the... comparative value of assets that generate income within each grouping, provided that such method reflects the...

26 CFR 1.861-8T - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... income. In determining the method of apportionment for a specific deduction, examples of bases and..., research and development expenses, and certain other deductions. The effects on tax liability of the... comparative value of assets that generate income within each grouping, provided that such method reflects the...

Forecasting resource-allocation decisions under climate uncertainty: fire suppression with assessment of net benefits of research

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Geoffrey H. Donovan

2008-01-01

Making input decisions under climate uncertainty often involves two-stage methods that use expensive and opaque transfer functions. This article describes an alternative, single-stage approach to such decisions using forecasting methods. The example shown is for preseason fire suppression resource contracting decisions faced by the United States Forest Service. Two-...

26 CFR 1.861-8T - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... income. In determining the method of apportionment for a specific deduction, examples of bases and..., research and development expenses, and certain other deductions. The effects on tax liability of the... comparative value of assets that generate income within each grouping, provided that such method reflects the...

26 CFR 1.861-8T - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income. In determining the method of apportionment for a specific deduction, examples of bases and..., research and development expenses, and certain other deductions. The effects on tax liability of the... comparative value of assets that generate income within each grouping, provided that such method reflects the...

Predicting Grades from an English Language Assessment: The Importance of Peeling the Onion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridgeman, Brent; Cho, Yeonsuk; DiPietro, Stephen

2016-01-01

Data from 787 international undergraduate students at an urban university in the United States were used to demonstrate the importance of separating a sample into meaningful subgroups in order to demonstrate the ability of an English language assessment to predict the first-year grade point average (GPA). For example, when all students were pooled…

Information Sharing Strategies of the United States Federal Government and Its Allies and Our Contributions Towards Implementing these Strategies. Version 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

sharing initiatives. For example, NIH has a program called “Clear Communication” whose objective is to “cultivate a growing health literacy movement by...increasing information sharing of NIH educational products, research, lessons learned, and research in the area of health literacy ”. DOT has created

26 CFR 1.1296-1 - Mark to market election for marketable stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... stock of the corporation that the person owns directly, or is treated as owning under paragraph (e) of... paragraph (e) of this section, the basis adjustments under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall apply to... paragraph (e) of this section through which the United States person holds the PFIC stock. (ii) Example. The...

Back to Basics: A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Center in Negev , Israel. As an example, Armored Brigade 401 that had lost eight tank crewmen during the battle of Saluki in 2006, conducted a 12-week...innovative spirit seemed to radiate from many IDF ground units. A battalion commander in the Givati Brigade stated during the height of the ground

Agency and Advocacy: Disabled Students in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morley, Louise; Croft, Alison

2011-01-01

Between 10% and 15% of the world's population are thought to be disabled. The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an example of emerging global policy architecture for human rights for disabled people. Article 24 states that disabled people should receive the support required to facilitate their effective…

A School Shooting Plot Foiled

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swezey, James A.; Thorp, Kimberly A.

2010-01-01

Dinkes, Cataldi, and Lin-Kelly (2007) claims that 78% of public schools reported one or more violent incidents during the 2005/2006 school year. School shootings are a rare but real threat on school campuses. Shootings at private schools are even less frequent with only a few recorded examples in the United States. This case study examines how a…

Three Student Case Examples of Response to Intervention Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, Michael; Browning, Ruth

2012-01-01

Many schools across the United States and Canada are now implementing response-to-intervention (RTI) as a means to address the needs of students who struggle with reading, writing, or math by using dual discrepancy (i.e., low ability and little to no progress over time with targeted intervention programming) as a means to classify for learning…

Introduction to special issue on map accuracy

Treesearch

Stephen V. Stehman; Raymond L. Czaplewski

2003-01-01

With the advent of satellite remote sensing and computing technology, mapping land cover over extensive regions of the earth has become practical and cost effective. For example, land-cover maps have been produced covering pan-Europe (Mucher et al., 2000), Great Britain (Fuller et al., 1994), Canada (Cihlar et al., 1999), Mexico (Mas et al., 2002) the United States (...

The Best Approach to Crisis Intervention

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

examples are provided. a. Gestures In the United States, the use of a finger or hand to indicate “come here please” is a gesture used to beckon dogs in...Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE September 2012 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED...45 3. When PFA is Used ................................................................. 45 C

76 FR 14644 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Proposed 2011 Specifications for the Spiny Dogfish...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-17

... Identifying Information (for example, name, address, etc.) voluntarily submitted by the commenter may be... dogfish were declared overfished by NMFS on April 3, 1998, and added to the list of overfished stocks in... stock. During 1998 and 1999, the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC) and the New England...

Persistence of invading gypsy moth populations in the United States

Treesearch

Stefanie L. Whitmire; Patrick C. Tobin

2006-01-01

Abstract Exotic invasive species are a mounting threat to native biodiversity, and their effects are gaining more public attention as each new species is detected. Equally important are the dynamics of exotic invasives that are previously well established. While the literature reports many examples of the ability of a newly arrived exotic invader to persist prior to...

Steel Band Repertoire: The Case for Original Music

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tanner, Chris

2010-01-01

In the past few decades, the steel band art form has experienced consistent growth and development in several key respects. For example, in the United States, the sheer number of steel band programs has steadily increased, and it appears that this trend will continue in the future. Additionally, pan builders and tuners have made great strides in…

Tribal experiences and lessons learned in riparian ecosystem restoration

Treesearch

Ronald K. Miller; James E. Enote; Cameron L. Martinez

1996-01-01

Riparian ecosystems have been part of the culture of land use of native peoples in the Southwest United States for thousands of years. The experiences of tribal riparian initiatives to incorporate modern elements of environment and development with cultural needs are relatively few. This paper describes tribal case examples and approaches in riparian management which...

Deaf Utopias? Reviewing the Sociocultural Literature on the World's "Martha's Vineyard Situations"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kusters, Annelies

2010-01-01

Martha's Vineyard--an island off the East Coast of the United States--is known as a community where "everyone signed" for several hundred years, a utopia in the eyes of many Deaf people. Currently, there exist around the world a number of small similar "shared signing communities," for example, in Mexico, Bali, Israel, and…

"Dear Miss Breed": Using Primary Documents to Advance Student Understanding of Japanese Internment Camps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westcott, Patrick; Viator, Martha Graham

2008-01-01

The history of the United States includes myriad examples of courage and selflessness as well as instances of prejudice and discrimination. Many students believe that prejudice and discrimination are limited to individuals and do not realize that these can form part of government or national policy. In this article, the authors highlight the…

Fraxinus nigra (black ash) dieback in Minnesota: Regional variation and potential contributing factors

Treesearch

Brian J. Palik; Michael E. Ostry; Robert C. Venette; Ebrahim Abdela

2011-01-01

Extensive tree dieback is a recurrent issue in many regions. Crown dieback of Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash; brown ash) in the northeastern and north central United States is an example. F. nigra is a widely distributed hardwood that is often the dominant species in wetland forests from Manitoba to Newfoundland and West...

"College for All" in Anglophone Countries--Meritocracy or Social Inequality? An Australian Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheelahan, Leesa

2016-01-01

This article analyses the expansion of higher education offered by technical and further education institutes in Australia and it compares this provision with the expansion of higher education in further education colleges in England, and baccalaureate degrees in community colleges in the United States. It argues that this provision can open new…

Programs and Practices: Students' Historical Understandings in International Baccalaureate, Advanced Placement and Regular World History Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryter, Di

2015-01-01

World history has become increasingly important and has often been a required course for high school students in the United States. This multi-case study provides examples and descriptions of students' demonstration of historical understandings. It also includes multiple perspectives and experiences of world history students and teachers, and…

Extractives in eastern hardwoods : a review

Treesearch

John W. Rowe

1979-01-01

This report extensively reviews the chemistry of extractives from wood and bark of hardwoods from the eastern United States. While such extractives are not used to a great extent commercially, they may influence properties of the wood and performance of wood products. For example, extractives can protect wood from decay, add color and odor to wood, accent grain pattern...

26 CFR 1.924(d)-1 - Requirement that economic processes take place outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. (ii) Customer groupings. A customer grouping... customers. Through its existing agreements with a domestic unrelated person, the related supplier... requirements of section 924(d)(1)(A). For example, if a FSC sells a product to a foreign customer by first...

26 CFR 1.924(d)-1 - Requirement that economic processes take place outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. (ii) Customer groupings. A customer grouping... customers. Through its existing agreements with a domestic unrelated person, the related supplier... requirements of section 924(d)(1)(A). For example, if a FSC sells a product to a foreign customer by first...

5 CFR 2641.202 - Two-year restriction on any former employee's representations to United States concerning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... 3345(a); and (iv) Whether there are any other circumstances indicating that, given the temporary nature... official to clarify his role in the matter. See § 2641.105 concerning advice. Example 1 to paragraph (j... public relations. When contacted by an employee of his former office for advice concerning a matter...

Sink or Swim: Navigating the Perilous Waters of Promotion and Tenure--What's Diversity Got to Do with It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knight, Wanda B.

2010-01-01

The "sink-or-swim" ideology is pervasive in the United States society. At research universities, for example, promotion and tenure are institutional waters in which faculty are forced to sink or swim with respect to publishing. Either they publish ("swim") or they perish ("sink"). In throwing faculty overboard,…

Education:=Coding+Aesthetics; Aesthetic Understanding, Computer Science Education, and Computational Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Jonathon; Keenan, Sarah; Mishra, Punya

2016-01-01

The popular press is rife with examples of how students in the United States and around the globe are learning to program, make, and tinker. The Hour of Code, maker-education, and similar efforts are advocating that more students be exposed to principles found within computer science. We propose an expansion beyond simply teaching computational…

Is the United States Really Losing the International Horse Race in Academic Achievement?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boe, Erling E.; Shin, Sujie

2005-01-01

It is widely believed and lamented that U.S. students perform poorly on international comparisons of academic achievement. For example, Edward Silver reports that U.S. seventh- and eighth-grade students performed poorly on the mathematics section of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 1995) and that this indicates "a…

Direct Instruction in Mathematics: Issues for Schools with High Indigenous Enrolments--A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ewing, Bronwyn

2011-01-01

Direct instruction, an approach that is becoming familiar to Queensland schools that have high Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, has been gaining substantial political and popular support in the United States of America [USA], England and Australia. Recent examples include the No Child Left Behind policy in the USA, the British…

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

26 CFR 1.958-1 - Direct and indirect ownership of stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... treated as actually owned by such person. Thus, this rule creates a chain of ownership; however, since the... United States person in the chain of ownership running from the foreign entity. The application of this... Corporation. Example 4. Among the assets of foreign estate W are Blackacre and a block of stock, consisting of...

The Costs of Being a Child Care Teacher: Revisiting the Problem of Low Wages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ackerman, Debra J.

2006-01-01

The demand for child care in the United States continues to grow, but child care workers' wages remain minimal. Using examples within New Jersey, the author demonstrates how low wages impact child care quality and are directly related to the effects of the competitive marketplace. Various historical, regulatory, and cultural contexts also…

Potential and Innovations in Rooftop Photovoltaics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bierman, Ben

2011-11-01

Photovoltaic technology has reached a point where its cost and capability make it one of a handful of carbon-free sources of electrical energy that could meet a meaningful fraction of US energy demand. In this paper we will first compare Photovoltaics with several other carbon free energy technologies, then look at the economics of Solyndra's rooftop photovoltaic solution as an example of the current state of the art, as well as the market dynamics that have resulted in dramatically faster adoption in Germany vs. the United States.

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti in the continental United States: a vector at the cool margin of its geographic range.

PubMed

Eisen, Lars; Moore, Chester G

2013-05-01

After more than a half century without recognized local dengue outbreaks in the continental United States, there were recent outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the southern parts of Texas (2004-2005) and Florida (2009-2011). This dengue reemergence has provoked interest in the extent of the future threat posed by the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in urban settings, to human health in the continental United States. Ae. aegypti is an intriguing example of a vector species that not only occurs in the southernmost portions of the eastern United States today but also is incriminated as the likely primary vector in historical outbreaks of yellow fever as far north as New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, from the 1690s to the 1820s. For vector species with geographic ranges limited, in part, by low temperature and cool range margins occurring in the southern part of the continental United States, as is currently the case for Ae. aegypti, it is tempting to speculate that climate warming may result in a northward range expansion (similar to that seen for Ixodes tick vectors of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in Scandinavia and southern Canada in recent decades). Although there is no doubt that climate conditions directly impact many aspects of the life history of Ae. aegypti, this mosquito also is closely linked to the human environment and directly influenced by the availability of water-holding containers for oviposition and larval development. Competition with other container-inhabiting mosquito species, particularly Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), also may impact the presence and local abundance of Ae. aegypti. Field-based studies that focus solely on the impact of weather or climate factors on the presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti, including assessments of the potential impact of climate warming on the mosquito's future range and abundance, do not consider the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors or biological competitors for establishment and proliferation of Ae. aegypti. The results of such studies therefore should not be assumed to apply in areas with different socioeconomic conditions or composition of container-inhabiting mosquito species. For example, results from field-based studies at the high altitude cool margins for Ae. aegypti in Mexico's central highlands or the Andes in South America cannot be assumed to be directly applicable to geographic areas in the United States with comparable climate conditions. Unfortunately, we have a very poor understanding of how climatic drivers interact with the human landscape and biological competitors to impact establishment and proliferation of Ae. aegypti at the cool margin of its range in the continental United States. A first step toward assessing the future threat this mosquito poses to human health in the continental United States is to design and conduct studies across strategic climatic and socioeconomic gradients in the United States (including the U.S.-Mexico border area) to determine the permissiveness of the coupled natural and human environment for Ae. aegypti at the present time. This approach will require experimental studies and field surveys that focus specifically on climate conditions relevant to the continental United States. These studies also must include assessments of how the human landscape, particularly the impact of availability of larval developmental sites and the permissiveness of homes for mosquito intrusion, and the presence of other container-inhabiting mosquitoes that may compete with Ae. aegypti for larval habitat affects the ability of Ae. aegypti to establish and proliferate. Until we are armed with such knowledge, it is not possible to meaningfully assess the potential for climate warming to impact the proliferation potential for Ae. aegypti in the United States outside of the geographic areas where the mosquito already is firmly established, and even less so for dengue virus transmission and dengue disease in humans.

'Greater good' versus civil liberties in the United States: Tuberculosis and Seattle's Firland Sanatorium.

PubMed

Blackburn, Christine Crudo

2017-11-01

As far back as the late 1700s, peoples in the United States were developing ways to control infectious disease without infringing on Constitutional rights. Despite acknowledgement that an infected person has certain civil liberties, the history of public health law shows that, in many instances, infectious disease isolation and quarantine proved to be scientifically questionable at best. I examine an historical example of such questionable relationship between public health and civil liberties: the locked ward at Firland Sanatorium in Seattle, Washington. Mandatory quarantine at Firland began in the late 1940s and lasted until the facility closed in the early 1970s. Can examining this history enhance understanding of the relationship between "the greater good" and an individual's civil liberties?

Changes Are Needed to the Army Contract with Sikorsky to Use Existing DoD Inventory and Control Costs at the Corpus Christi Army Depot

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-03

contingency stock for requirements outside the CCAD/Sikorsky contract. 6 The DoD EMALL is a full-service eCommerce site, which strives to be the single...such quantity as (A) will result in the total cost and unit cost most advantageous to the United States where practicable.” Having more than one...practice and frequently does not allow DoD to take advantage of economic order quantities. Table 15 shows examples where higher quantities procured

Coordinated Investigation of Micronesian Anthropology, 1947-1949. Property, Kin, and Community on Truk

DTIC Science & Technology

1951-01-01

administered by the United States under trusteeship from the United Nations, it de - serves to be placed in its full historical setting. In 1942, shortly after...material culture, for example, i• at an advanced stage of ;wreparation. The publication of Mr. Gladwin’s findings may, however, be de - layed since he has...those he had been told it would evoke. While in this way the writer unquestio-nbmy 11= de a fool of himself in native eyes on more than one occasion

Implications of metric conversion.

PubMed

Laros, R K

1980-11-01

The international scientific community is rapidly achieving conversion to the metric system, and the Système International (SI system) has been chosen for use by health scientists. Because the United States remains 1 of only 4 countries not now using part or all of the SI system, there is now a systematic effort toward rapid conversion. Although most of the SI system is not controversial, several SI units are highly so. Examples include joules instead of calories, pascals instead of millimeters of mercury, and moles per liter instead of milligrams per 100 milliliters. Obstetrician-gynecologists need to be familiar with the SI units and to voice their feelings about the various controversial units. There are decisions still to be made, and the time for discussion and advice is now.

Geothermal Resource/Reservoir Investigations Based on Heat Flow and Thermal Gradient Data for the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. D. Blackwell; K. W. Wisian; M. C. Richards

2000-04-01

Several activities related to geothermal resources in the western United States are described in this report. A database of geothermal site-specific thermal gradient and heat flow results from individual exploration wells in the western US has been assembled. Extensive temperature gradient and heat flow exploration data from the active exploration of the 1970's and 1980's were collected, compiled, and synthesized, emphasizing previously unavailable company data. Examples of the use and applications of the database are described. The database and results are available on the world wide web. In this report numerical models are used to establish basic qualitative relationships betweenmore » structure, heat input, and permeability distribution, and the resulting geothermal system. A series of steady state, two-dimensional numerical models evaluate the effect of permeability and structural variations on an idealized, generic Basin and Range geothermal system and the results are described.« less

Driving forces of biomedical science education and research in state-of-the arts academic medical centres: the United States as example.

PubMed

John, T A

2011-06-01

Basic science departments in academic medical centres are influenced by changes that are commonly directed at medical education and financial gain. Some of such changes may have been detrimental to or may have enhanced basic science education. They may have determined basic science research focus or basic science research methods. However, there is lack of research on the educational process in the basic sciences including training of PhD's while there is ample research on medical education pertaining to training of medical doctors. The author here identifies, from university websites and available literature, some forces that have driven teaching and research focus and methods in state-of-the-arts academic medical centres in recent times with a view of seeing through their possible influences on basic science education and research, using the United States of America as an example. The "forces" are: Changes in medical schools; Medical educational philosophies: problem based learning, evidence based medicine, cyberlearning and self-directed learning; Shifting impressions of the value of basic sciences in medical schools; Research trends in Basic Sciences: role of antivivisectionists, alternative experimentations, explosion of molecular and cell biology; Technological advancements; Commercialization of research; and Funding agencies. The author encourages African leaders in academia to pay attention to such forces as the leadership seeks to raise African Universities as centres of knowledge that have a major role in acquiring, preserving, imparting, and utilizing knowledge.

An Investigation of the Effects of Interactive Whiteboards as Perceived by Ohio High School Foreign Language Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Langan-Perez, Julie

2013-01-01

Grounding education in technology with a global orientation is relevant to educating students in the United States today. A technology-oriented education with a global orientation can prepare students to be in a position to use technology and interact with others on a global scale. One example of a technology tool is Interactive Whiteboards…

Geography and International Knowledge. A Report of the Committee on Geography and International Studies of the Association of American Geographers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC.

This report illustrates how geography can play an important role in improving America's performance in international matters. The degree of interdependence among nations intensifies daily. Today world interaction affects everyone. For example, a frost in Brazil raises coffee prices in the United States and a strike in Africa's Copperbelt affects…

Seen and Heard: Children's Rights in Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Ellen Lynn; Rudkin, Jennifer Kofkin

2011-01-01

Using examples from a Reggio-inspired school with children from ages 6 weeks to 6 years, the authors emphasize the importance of children's rights and our responsibility as adults to hear their voices. "Seen and Heard" summarizes research and theory pertaining to young children's rights in the United States, and offers strategies educators can use…

Linking Outdoor Recreation and Economic Development: A Feasibility Assessment of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee

Treesearch

Charles B. Sims; Donald G. Hodges; Del Scruggs

2004-01-01

Rural economies in many parts of the United States have undergone significant changes over the past two decades. Faltering economies historically based on traditional economic sectors like agriculture and manufacturing are transitioning to retail and service sectors to support growth. One example of such an industry is resource-based recreation and tourism. Tourists...

General Land Office Surveys as a Source for Arkansas History: The Example of Ashley County

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg

2004-01-01

Deputy surveyor Caleb Langtree's rather bleak assessment of a landscape in southern Arkansas captures the struggle that was the General Land Office (GLO) survey. Charged with laying the foundation for settlement of territories ceded to the nation, the surveyors that traversed the public domain of the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries toiled...

Electron transfer rate on mixed valence states of Class II/III transition for N, N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine structures as a polyaniline unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishiumi, Toyohiko; Nomura, Yasuhiro; Higuchi, Masayoshi; Yamamoto, Kimihisa

2003-08-01

The first example of the determination of the electron transfer rate ( λ, V, Δ G*, kth) for N, N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine derivatives using the Marcus-Hush theory is described. These results were in good agreement with the ones obtained using variable-temperature IR spectra measurements.

Recession effects on the forests and forest products industries of the South.

Treesearch

Douglas Hodges; Andrew Hartsell; Consuelo Brandeis; Thomas Brandeis; James Bentley

2012-01-01

The economic recession affected southern forests and related industries substantially, particularly those sectors most closely related to home construction. Between 2005 and 2009, for example, the three primary forestry sectors – wood manufacturing, paper manufacturing, and forestry and logging – lost more than 110,000 jobs in the southern United States. This article...

Urban perceptions of national forests: three examples from the Northern United States

Treesearch

John F. Dwyer

2003-01-01

A study of the perceptions of the management and use of proximate National Forests by residents of the Boston, Detroit, and Minneapolis Metropolitan areas was conducted in 2000. Respondents were contacted by telephone and surveyed about their perceptions of the management and use of nearby National Forests. These include the Green Mountain and White Mountain National...

Application of the Reggio Emilia Approach to Early Childhood Science Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stegelin, Dolores A.

2003-01-01

This article focuses on the relevance of the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education for science knowledge and content standards for the preK-12 student population. The article includes: (1) a summary of key concepts; (2) a description of the science curriculum standards for K-3 in the United States; and (3) an example of an in-depth…

Schools Going Solar: A Guide to Schools Enjoying the Power of Solar Energy. Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hitchcock, Susan Tyler

This companion document updates an April 1998 volume on designing schools to use solar energy as a power source. Volume 2 presents numerous case studies of solar installations in new and existing schools across the United States and Europe, updates and presents new examples of solar education programs, and offers an updated resource listing of…

Challenges Faced by Military Families: Perceptions of United States Marine Corps School Liaisons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aronson, Keith R.; Perkins, Daniel F.

2013-01-01

The global war on terror has placed a number of stressful demands on service members and their families. Although the military offers a wide range of services and supports to military families, not all families are willing or able to use them. For example, geographically dispersed families can find it challenging to connect with military support…

Budget Stability, Revenue Volatility, and District Relations: Determinants of Georgia ELOST Distribution to Municipal School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinagel, Tyler P.

2014-01-01

School districts across the United States are often forced into situations where limited public funds must be distributed among multiple districts. These are often reliant on distribution rates negotiated by district leadership and elected officials. An example of this is Georgia's 1% Education Local Option Sales Tax (ELOST). The tax is collected…

Satisficing Decision-Making in Supervisory Control. Part 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-31

purpose of the United States Government. C-P Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139...of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Satisficing Decision-Making in Supervisory Control Leonid Charny...example, that there are two attributes, speed and accuracy, and one is selecting a robot manipulator based -4n these two parameters. A set of alternatives

Eugenics, Genetics, and the Minority Group Model of Disabilities: Implications for Social Work Advocacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Brien, Gerald V.

2011-01-01

In the United States, genetic research, as well as policy and practice innovations based on this research, has expanded greatly over the past few decades. This expansion is indicated, for example, by the mapping of the human genome, an expansion of genetic counseling, and other biogenetic research. Also, a disability rights movement that in many…

Proceedings of the Conference on Birth Defects for Educators (May 4, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, Michael S., Ed.; Davidson, Mary W., Ed.

Six papers from a 1978 conference on birth defects focus on prevention. G. Stickle ("The Health of America's Babies: How Do We Stack Up?'" reviews risk in pregnancy, cites inadequate prenatal care and maternal nutrition, and discusses examples of how the United States is not applying its knowledge of how to improve pregnancy outcome. In "Genetic…

75 FR 16716 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Proposed 2010 Specifications for the Spiny Dogfish...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... Information (for example, name, address, etc.) voluntarily submitted by the commenter may be publicly... 3, 1998, and added to the list of overfished stocks in the Report on the Status of the Fisheries of... measures to end overfishing and to rebuild the spiny dogfish stock. A joint FMP was developed by the MAFMC...

Raising the Rainbow Generation: Teaching Your Children To Be Successful in a Multicultural Society.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopson, Darlene Powell; Hopson, Derek S.

Noting that the United States is fast becoming the most culturally, racially, and ethnically diverse nation in the world, this book is designed to help parents, teachers, and other child caregivers teach children and teens respect and appreciation for all cultural, ethnic, and racial groups. Using age-appropriate examples, the book shows how to…

Using the National Survey of Student Engagement for Accreditation: The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education as an Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKitrick, Sean A.

2005-01-01

The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) accredits more than half of the colleges of education in the United States. Several of its standards require teacher preparation programs to emphasize diversity in their curricula and to demonstrate that they are developing a professional environment wherein acceptance of varying…

Canada's Approach to School Funding: The Adoption of Provincial Control of Education Funding in Three Provinces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Juliana

2013-01-01

The academic success of Finland, South Korea, and others on recent international tests has sparked a renewed interest among educators and those concerned with education policy in the United States in looking to other countries for examples of how we might improve our education system. Teacher training and quality in leading countries has received…

A Language-Based Approach to Content Instruction (LACI) for English Language Learners: Examples from Two Elementary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Oliveira, Luciana C.

2016-01-01

The number of English language learners (ELLs) in the United States has increased dramatically. Given this increase it is vital for teacher education programs at the pre-service level and professional learning programs at eh in-service level to address the needs of ELLs. This article presents a teacher preparation model--"a language-based…

The geographic distribution of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera:Tephritidae) in the western United States: Introduced species or native population?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of commercially grown domesticated apple (Malus domestica) in North America. The shift of the fly from its native host hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) to apple in the eastern U.S. is often cited as an example of inc...

Languages Across the Curriculum. Translation Perspectives VII. 1994. Invited Essays on the Use of Foreign Languages throughout the Postsecondary Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Straight, H. Stephen, Ed.

The papers in this special issue provide both a general overview and detailed discussion of specific examples of the languages across the curriculum (LAC) movement that is currently gaining momentum in colleges and universities in the United States. Papers include: (1) "International Students as Resource Specialists: Binghamton's Languages…

How Should Research Contribute to Instructional Improvement? The Case of Lesson Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Catherine; Perry, Rebecca; Murata, Aki

2006-01-01

Lesson study, a Japanese form of professional development that centers on collaborative study of live classroom lessons, has spread rapidly in the United States since 1999. Drawing on examples of Japanese and U.S. lesson study, we propose that three types of research are needed if lesson study is to avoid the fate of so many other once-promising…

19 CFR 10.13 - Statutory provision: Subheading 9802.00.80, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the exemption bears to the full value of the assembled article. Example 1. A transistor radio is assembled abroad from foreign-made components and American-made transistors. Upon importation, the transistor radio is subject to the ad valorem rate of duty applicable to transistor radios upon the value of...

19 CFR 10.13 - Statutory provision: Subheading 9802.00.80, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the exemption bears to the full value of the assembled article. Example 1. A transistor radio is assembled abroad from foreign-made components and American-made transistors. Upon importation, the transistor radio is subject to the ad valorem rate of duty applicable to transistor radios upon the value of...

19 CFR 10.13 - Statutory provision: Subheading 9802.00.80, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the exemption bears to the full value of the assembled article. Example 1. A transistor radio is assembled abroad from foreign-made components and American-made transistors. Upon importation, the transistor radio is subject to the ad valorem rate of duty applicable to transistor radios upon the value of...

19 CFR 10.13 - Statutory provision: Subheading 9802.00.80, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the exemption bears to the full value of the assembled article. Example 1. A transistor radio is assembled abroad from foreign-made components and American-made transistors. Upon importation, the transistor radio is subject to the ad valorem rate of duty applicable to transistor radios upon the value of...

19 CFR 10.13 - Statutory provision: Subheading 9802.00.80, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the exemption bears to the full value of the assembled article. Example 1. A transistor radio is assembled abroad from foreign-made components and American-made transistors. Upon importation, the transistor radio is subject to the ad valorem rate of duty applicable to transistor radios upon the value of...

Chapter 3 - Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States, Alaska and Hawaii, 2016

Treesearch

Kevin M. Potter

2018-01-01

As a pervasive disturbance agent operating at many spatial and temporal scales, wildland fire is a key abiotic factor affecting forest health both positively and negatively. In some ecosystems, for example, wildland fires have been essential for regulating processes that maintain forest health (Lundquist and others 2011). Wildland fire is an important ecological...

Voices from the local communities (Voces de las comunidades locales)

Treesearch

Ma. Elena Baca Gomez; Jorge Cordero; Carmela Wallace; Alberto Lafon

2006-01-01

We would have liked to hear more talks about production issues and alternative modes of production, such as the one given about ecotourism activities. However, the examples and experiences from Sonora and the United States were very useful and interesting. In a subsequent meeting, we would like to hear more about legal and organizational issues and not so much about...

The effect of newspaper coverage and political pressure on wildfire suppression costs

Treesearch

Geoffrey H Donovan; Jeffrey P Prestemon; Krista Gebert

2011-01-01

Controlling wildfire suppression expenditures has become a major public policy concern in the United States. However, most policy remedies have focused on the biophysical determinants of suppression costs: fuel loads and weather, for example. We show that two non-biophysical variables—newspaper coverage and political pressure—have a significant effect on wildfire...

In Praise of Canadian Contradictions: Making Our Way in a Globalized World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rao, Govind

2004-01-01

Many of the cultural items that are associated with globalization started out as American cultural products, for example, McDonalds hamburgers, Jeans, Coca-Cola, and Rock-and-Roll. Canada, next-door neighbour to the United States, was the first country to be subjected to this onslaught early in the 20th century, as American cultural and economic…

Experience in integrated geological and geographical interpretation of space photographs obtained in the USSR

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vinogradov, B. V.; Grigoryev, A. A.

1974-01-01

Two examples of regional interpretation of imagery acquired from satellite photographic and television systems are discussed. The imagery was taken aboard the Zond 7 and Kosmos satellites, and depicted; (1) sand and dust storm activity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea area; and (2) landscape and structural properties of territory of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

The Energy Conservation Idea Handbook. A Compendium of Imaginative and Innovative Examples of Ideas and Practices at Colleges and Universities Today.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tickton, Sidney G.; And Others

Summarized in this compendium are approximately 500 ideas being used by colleges and universities in the United States to deal with the problem of energy conservation. These ideas range from suggestions that cost pennies to implement to sophisticated computer controls or the construction of new buildings which incorporate alternative energy…

Much Ado about a "Fine Dessert": The Cultural Politics of Representing Slavery in Children's Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Ebony Elizabeth; Reese, Debbie; Horning, Kathleen T.

2016-01-01

When selecting and evaluating historical children's literature, there are many questions that must be considered. For example, who will be reading the book? Is the imagined young reader of these historical stories a White, middle class cisgender heterosexual, able-bodied student who was born in the United States, or are child readers from all…

Allee effects and pulsed invasion by the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Derk M. Johnson; Andrew M. Liebhold; Patrick C. Tobin; Ottar N. Bjornstad

2006-01-01

Biological invasions pose considerable threats to the world's ecosystems and cause substantial economic losses. A prime example is the invasion of the gypsy moth in the United States, for which more than $194 million was spent on management and monitoring between 1985 and 2004 alone. The spread of the gypsy moth across eastern North America is, perhaps, the most...

Diabetes Self-Management Education Enhanced by the Low Vision Professional

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sokol-McKay, Debra A.

2007-01-01

Diabetes currently affects 20.8 million people in the United States and is the leading cause of blindness in people between the ages of 20 and 74 years. The author uses a fictional but typical example to explain the ways in which low vision specialists can improve the diabetes self-management program of a person with low vision and demonstrates…

Isomeric Character of the Lowest Observed 4+ State in 44S

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parker, J. J.; Wiedenhöver, I.; Cottle, P. D.; Baker, J.; McPherson, D.; Riley, M. A.; Santiago-Gonzalez, D.; Volya, A.; Bader, V. M.; Baugher, T.; Bazin, D.; Gade, A.; Ginter, T.; Iwasaki, H.; Loelius, C.; Morse, C.; Recchia, F.; Smalley, D.; Stroberg, S. R.; Whitmore, K.; Weisshaar, D.; Lemasson, A.; Crawford, H. L.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Wimmer, K.

2017-02-01

Previous experiments observed a 4+ state in the N =28 nucleus 44S and suggested that this state may exhibit a hindered E 2 -decay rate, inconsistent with being a member of the collective ground state band. We populate this state via two-proton knockout from a beam of exotic 46Ar projectiles and measure its lifetime using the recoil distance method with the GRETINA γ -ray spectrometer. The result, 76 (14 )stat(20 )syst ps , implies a hindered transition of B (E 2 ;4+→21+)=0.61 (19 ) single-particle or Weisskopf units strength and supports the interpretation of the 4+ state as a K =4 isomer, the first example of a high-K isomer in a nucleus of such low mass.

Atmospheric energetics as related to cyclogenesis over the eastern United States. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

West, P. W.

1973-01-01

A method is presented to investigate the atmospheric energy budget as related to cyclogenesis. Energy budget equations are developed that are shown to be advantageous because the individual terms represent basic physical processes which produce changes in atmospheric energy, and the equations provide a means to study the interaction of the cyclone with the larger scales of motion. The work presented represents an extension of previous studies because all of the terms of the energy budget equations were evaluated throughout the development period of the cyclone. Computations are carried out over a limited atmospheric volume which encompasses the cyclone, and boundary fluxes of energy that were ignored in most previous studies are evaluated. Two examples of cyclogenesis over the eastern United States were chosen for study. One of the cases (1-4 November, 1966) represented an example of vigorous development, while the development in the other case (5-8 December, 1969) was more modest. Objectively analyzed data were used in the evaluation of the energy budget terms in order to minimize computational errors, and an objective analysis scheme is described that insures that all of the resolution contained in the rawinsonde observations is incorporated in the analyses.

Integrated Canada-U.S. Power Sector Modeling with the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martinez, A.; Eurek, K.; Mai, T.

2013-02-01

The electric power system in North America is linked between the United States and Canada. Canada has historically been a net exporter of electricity to the United States. The extent to which this remains true will depend on the future evolution of power markets, technology deployment, and policies. To evaluate these and related questions, we modify the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model to include an explicit representation of the grid-connected power system in Canada to the continental United States. ReEDS is unique among long-term capacity expansion models for its high spatial resolution and statistical treatment of the impact ofmore » variable renewable generation on capacity planning and dispatch. These unique traits are extended to new Canadian regions. We present example scenario results using the fully integrated Canada-U.S. version of ReEDS to demonstrate model capabilities. The newly developed, integrated Canada-U.S. ReEDS model can be used to analyze the dynamics of electricity transfers and other grid services between the two countries under different scenarios.« less

A field-based characterization of conductivity in areas of minimal alteration: A case example in the Cascades of northwestern United States.

PubMed

Cormier, Susan M; Zheng, Lei; Hayslip, Gretchen; Flaherty, Colleen M

2018-08-15

The concentration of salts in streams is increasing world-wide making freshwater a declining resource. Developing thresholds for freshwater with low specific conductivity (SC), a measure of dissolved ions in water, may protect high quality resources that are refugia for aquatic life and that dilute downstream waters. In this case example, methods are illustrated for estimating protective levels for streams with low SC. The Cascades in the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America was selected for the case study because a geophysical model indicated that the SC of freshwater streams was likely to be very low. Also, there was an insufficient range in the SC data to accurately derive a criterion using the 2011, US Environmental Protection Agency field-based extirpation concentration distribution method. Instead, background and a regression model was used to estimate chronic and acute SC levels that could extirpate 5% of benthic invertebrate genera. Background SC was estimated at the 25th centile (33μS/cm) of the measured data and used as the independent variable in a least squares empirical background-to-criteria (B-C) model. Because no comparison could be made with effect levels estimated from a paired SC and biological data set from the Cascades, the lower 50% prediction limit (PL) was identified as an example chronic water quality criterion (97μS/cm). The maximum exposure threshold was estimated at the 90th centile SC of streams meeting the chronic SC level. The example acute SC level was 190μS/cm. Because paired aquatic life and SC data are often sparse, the B-C method is useful for developing SC criteria for other systems with limited data. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Low birth weight in the United States.

PubMed

Goldenberg, Robert L; Culhane, Jennifer F

2007-02-01

Pregnancy outcomes in the United States and other developed countries are considerably better than those in many developing countries. However, adverse pregnancy outcomes are generally more common in the United States than in other developed countries. Low-birth-weight infants, born after a preterm birth or secondary to intrauterine growth restriction, account for much of the increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. Wide disparities exist in both preterm birth and growth restriction among different population groups. Poor and black women, for example, have twice the preterm birth rate and higher rates of growth restriction than do most other women. Low birth weight in general is thought to place the infant at greater risk of later adult chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Of interest, maternal thinness is a strong predictor of both preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. However, in the United States, several nutritional interventions, including high-protein diets, caloric supplementation, calcium and iron supplementation, and various other vitamin and mineral supplementations, have not generally reduced preterm birth or growth restriction. Bacterial intrauterine infections play an important role in the etiology of the earliest preterm births, but, at least to date, antibiotic treatment either before labor for risk factors such as bacterial vaginosis or during preterm labor have not consistently reduced the preterm birth rate. Most interventions have failed to reduce preterm birth or growth restriction. The substantial improvement in newborn survival in the United States over the past several decades is mostly due to better access to improved neonatal care for low-birth-weight infants.

Reliability modelling and analysis of a multi-state element based on a dynamic Bayesian network

PubMed Central

Xu, Tingxue; Gu, Junyuan; Dong, Qi; Fu, Linyu

2018-01-01

This paper presents a quantitative reliability modelling and analysis method for multi-state elements based on a combination of the Markov process and a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), taking perfect repair, imperfect repair and condition-based maintenance (CBM) into consideration. The Markov models of elements without repair and under CBM are established, and an absorbing set is introduced to determine the reliability of the repairable element. According to the state-transition relations between the states determined by the Markov process, a DBN model is built. In addition, its parameters for series and parallel systems, namely, conditional probability tables, can be calculated by referring to the conditional degradation probabilities. Finally, the power of a control unit in a failure model is used as an example. A dynamic fault tree (DFT) is translated into a Bayesian network model, and subsequently extended to a DBN. The results show the state probabilities of an element and the system without repair, with perfect and imperfect repair, and under CBM, with an absorbing set plotted by differential equations and verified. Through referring forward, the reliability value of the control unit is determined in different kinds of modes. Finally, weak nodes are noted in the control unit. PMID:29765629

Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment.

PubMed

Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L; Docherty, Douglas E; McLean, Robert G; Zody, Michael C; Qu, James; Yang, Xiao; Birren, Bruce W; Malboeuf, Christine M; Newman, Ruchi M; Ip, Hon S; Holmes, Edward C

2016-01-15

The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion across the continent having a major impact on local bird populations. Despite the importance of this epizootic, the pattern, dynamics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the virus encountered major barriers to transmission, or spread in an unconstrained manner, and if specific viral lineages were favored over others indicative of intrinsic differences in fitness. To address these key questions in WNV evolution and ecology, we sequenced the complete genomes of approximately 300 avian isolates sampled across the United States between 2001 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a relatively star-like tree structure, indicative of explosive viral spread in the United States, although with some replacement of viral genotypes through time. These data are striking in that viral sequences exhibit relatively limited clustering according to geographic region, particularly for those viruses sampled from birds, and no strong phylogenetic association with well-sampled avian species. The genome sequence data analyzed here also contain relatively little evidence for adaptive evolution, particularly of structural proteins, suggesting that most viral lineages are of similar fitness and that WNV is well adapted to the ecology of mosquito vectors and diverse avian hosts in the United States. In sum, the molecular evolution of WNV in North America depicts a largely unfettered expansion within a permissive host and geographic population with little evidence of major adaptive barriers. How viruses spread in new host and geographic environments is central to understanding the emergence and evolution of novel infectious diseases and for predicting their likely impact. The emergence of the vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999 represents a classic example of this process. Using approximately 300 new viral genomes sampled from wild birds, we show that WNV experienced an explosive spread with little geographical or host constraints within birds and relatively low levels of adaptive evolution. From its introduction into the state of New York, WNV spread across the United States, reaching California and Florida within 4 years, a migration that is clearly reflected in our genomic sequence data, and with a general absence of distinct geographical clusters of bird viruses. However, some geographically distinct viral lineages were found to circulate in mosquitoes, likely reflecting their limited long-distance movement compared to avian species. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

National patterns in environmental injustice and inequality: outdoor NO2 air pollution in the United States.

PubMed

Clark, Lara P; Millet, Dylan B; Marshall, Julian D

2014-01-01

We describe spatial patterns in environmental injustice and inequality for residential outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in the contiguous United States. Our approach employs Census demographic data and a recently published high-resolution dataset of outdoor NO2 concentrations. Nationally, population-weighted mean NO2 concentrations are 4.6 ppb (38%, p<0.01) higher for nonwhites than for whites. The environmental health implications of that concentration disparity are compelling. For example, we estimate that reducing nonwhites' NO2 concentrations to levels experienced by whites would reduce Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) mortality by ∼7,000 deaths per year, which is equivalent to 16 million people increasing their physical activity level from inactive (0 hours/week of physical activity) to sufficiently active (>2.5 hours/week of physical activity). Inequality for NO2 concentration is greater than inequality for income (Atkinson Index: 0.11 versus 0.08). Low-income nonwhite young children and elderly people are disproportionately exposed to residential outdoor NO2. Our findings establish a national context for previous work that has documented air pollution environmental injustice and inequality within individual US metropolitan areas and regions. Results given here can aid policy-makers in identifying locations with high environmental injustice and inequality. For example, states with both high injustice and high inequality (top quintile) for outdoor residential NO2 include New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

[From the ranch of the Tia Juana to Tijuana: a brief history of development and population on the northern border of Mexico].

PubMed

Zenteno Quintero, R M

1995-01-01

"Tijuana has been the most extraordinary example of the modern demographic history of the [Mexican] northern border. This article is an essay on the economic, social, and demographic development of this important urban center during this century. Its purpose is two fold. On the one hand, to understand Tijuana's general population change in light of a unique socioeconomic development in the country, which has been characterized by a close dependence on the United States as well as by the creation of several federal programs aimed [at integrating] the natural economies. On the other hand, to introduce the discussion of the Mexico-United States border region to the non-specialist in this field." (SUMMARY IN ENG) excerpt

Four paradigms: traffic safety in the twentieth-century United States.

PubMed

Norton, Peter

2015-04-01

Traffic safety, once neglected within the larger history of the automobile in the United States, has finally been getting the attention it always deserved. Nevertheless, historians still sometimes misappraise traffic safety in one era by the standards of another. Ahistorical assumptions have contributed to misinterpretations-for example, that Americans of the 1920s were extraordinarily tolerant of traffic casualties because they did not respond to them as more recent traffic-safety paradigms would prescribe. As a corrective, four paradigms, approximately sequential, are proposed: Safety First, Control, Crashworthiness, and Responsibility. Historians are invited to borrow, modify, or replace them, and to consider their applicability to other countries. Whether these particular paradigms survive review or not, historians who are alert to safety paradigms will produce more reliable scholarship on the history of traffic safety.

Cyclic avian mass mortality in the northeastern United States is associated with a novel orthomyxovirus

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allison, Andrew B.; Ballard, Jennifer R.; Tesh, Robert B.; Brown, Justin D.; Ruder, Mark G.; Keel, M. Kevin; Munk, Brandon A.; Mickley, Randall M.; Gibbs, Samantha E.J.; Ellis, Julie C.; Travassos da Rosac, Amelia P.A.; Ip, Hon S.; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I.; Rogers, Matthew B.; Gheldin, Elodie; Holmes, Edward C.; Parrish, Colin R.; Dwyer, Chris P.

2015-01-01

Importance The emergence or reemergence of viral pathogens resulting in large-scale outbreaks of disease in humans and/or animals is one of the most important challenges facing biomedicine. For example, understanding how orthomyxoviruses such as novel influenza A virus reassortants and/or mutants emerge to cause epidemic or pandemic disease is at the forefront of current global health concerns. Here we describe the emergence of a novel orthomyxovirus, Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), which has been associated with cyclic large-scale bird die-offs in the northeastern United States. This initial characterization study provides a foundation for further research into the evolution, epidemiology, and ecology of newly emerging orthomyxoviruses, such as WFBV, and their potential impacts on animal and/or human health.

Head injury in heroes of the Civil War and its lasting influence.

PubMed

Sabourin, Victor M; Holland, Ryan; Mau, Christine; Gandhi, Chirag D; Prestigiacomo, Charles J

2016-07-01

The Civil War era was an age-defining period in the history of the United States of America, the effects of which are still seen in the nation today. In this era, the issue of head injury pervaded society. From the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, to the officers and soldiers of the Union and Confederate armies, and to the population at large, head injury and its ramifications gripped the nation. This article focuses on 3 individuals: Major General John Sedgwick, First Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing, and Harriet Tubman, as examples of the impact that head injury had during this era. These 3 individuals were chosen for this article because of their lasting legacies, contributions to society, and interesting connections to one another.