Growing season variability in carbon dioxide exchange of irrigated and rainfed soybean in the southern United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Measurement of carbon dynamics of soybean (Glycine max L.) ecosystems outside Corn Belt of the United States (U.S.) is lacking. This study reports carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from a rainfed soybean field in El Reno, Oklahoma and an irrigated soybean field in Stoneville, Mississippi during the 2016 g...

Intensive English Programs in the United States: An Overview of Structure and Mentoring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Amy S.

2013-01-01

Although English as a second language (ESL) programs are common in the United States, there is surprisingly little research documenting the existing structures and mentoring strategies they use. This lack of research could be partly due to ESL programs' widely varying internal structures (Larson, 1990) and the fact that they are often marginalized…

Womanpower in the United States and in Kentucky.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huelsman, B. Ryle

By 1975, the Kentucky and United States female labor force participation rates were both 41 percent. Although pre-World War II data are lacking for the Commonwealth, it was not until 1950 that the labor force participation rate for Kentucky women reached 20.4 percent, a figure achieved nationally as early as 1920. The distribution of women to men…

Near-term probabilistic forecast of significant wildfire events for the Western United States

Treesearch

Haiganoush K. Preisler; Karin L. Riley; Crystal S. Stonesifer; Dave E. Calkin; Matt Jolly

2016-01-01

Fire danger and potential for large fires in the United States (US) is currently indicated via several forecasted qualitative indices. However, landscape-level quantitative forecasts of the probability of a large fire are currently lacking. In this study, we present a framework for forecasting large fire occurrence - an extreme value event - and evaluating...

The American Influence in Indonesian Teacher Training, 1956-1964

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suwignyo, Agus

2017-01-01

This paper examines United States-Indonesian cooperation in the training of Indonesian teachers during the early decades of the Cold War. Indonesia badly needed teachers but the government's efforts to train new teachers were hampered by the tremendous lack of teachers who could train new teachers. The aid provided by the United States enabled the…

The United States Regular Education Initiative: Flames of Controversy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowenthal, Barbara

1990-01-01

Arguments in favor of and against the Regular Education Initiative (REI) are presented. Lack of appropriate qualifications of regular classroom teachers and a lack of empirical evidence on REI effectiveness are cited as some of the problems with the approach. (JDD)

The effect of lack of insurance, poverty and paediatrician supply on immunization rates among children 19-35 months of age in the United States.

PubMed

Becton, James L; Cheng, Lee; Nieman, Linda Z

2008-04-01

Previous studies found that the increasing number of paediatricians in the United States was associated with improved childhood immunization coverage, while the increasing poverty level and the lack of health insurance reduced access to health care. We evaluated whether changes in the number of paediatricians, poverty level and health insurance affected national childhood immunization coverage in the state levels of the United States. Data were collected primarily from the US National Immunization Surveys, series 4:3:1:3:3 from years 1995 and 2003. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationships among variables. Over 8 years studied, immunization coverage increased for children aged 19-35 months from 52.3% to 79.8% in the 50 states. The average number of paediatricians per 1000 births increased 28.7% while the percentage of children without health insurance declined 15.6%, and the percentage of children who lived in poverty level declined 17.3%. In 1995, the states with higher immunization coverage were associated with higher numbers of paediatricians [odds ratio (OR), 32.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.96-179.77]. In 2003, the higher numbers of paediatricians still played a role in the increased immunization coverage (OR, 4.69; 95% CI, 1.01-21.78); however, the higher rate of uninsured children in 2003 had an even greater effect upon immunization coverage. Compared with states with lower rates of uninsured children, states with intermediate and higher rates of uninsured children had sixfold (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.81) and 16-fold (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.40) decreased childhood immunization coverage, respectively. Between 1995 and 2003 in the United States, the lack of health insurance became more prominent than the supply of paediatricians in affecting immunization coverage for children aged 19-35 months. Future improvements in insurance coverage for children will likely lead to greater immunization coverage.

Illegal Immigration in the United States: Implications for Rule of Law and National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-15

AIR WAR COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR RULE OF LAW AND NATIONAL SECURITY By Paul A...government’s failure to strictly enforce immigration laws presents national security vulnerabilities and is subversive to the rule of law . Without...the rule of law , serious social tensions will occur that impel states and localities to fill the void left by the lack of immigration enforcement. In

Creating National Attraction: Military Intelligence Sharing Building Foreign Military Interdependence

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-21

were focused on security of the information, access to desired intelligence, and access to locations favorable to collecting desired intelligence.8 The...obtain a more favorable position in the relationship. For example, a state might threaten defection due to a lack of domestic support for the...administration, the United States worked with Colombia and Mexico to reduce the flow of cocaine and marijuana into the United States.62 This action

Water You Engineering? An Activity to Develop Water-Quality Awareness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riskowski, Jody; Todd, Carrie Davis

2009-01-01

Water is one of our most precious resources. However, for many in the United States, having fresh, safe drinking water is taken for granted, and due to this perceived lack of relevance, students may not fully appreciate the luxury of having safe running water--in the home. One approach to resolving water-quality issues in the United States may…

Tracing the U.S. Deficit in PISA Reading Skills to Early Childhood: Evidence from the United States and Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merry, Joseph J.

2013-01-01

Why does the United States lag behind so many other countries on international education assessments? The traditional view targets school-based explanations--U.S. schools attract poorer teachers and lack the proper incentives. But the U.S. educational system may also serve children with comparatively greater academic challenges as a result of…

An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States

Treesearch

C.W. Woodall; C.M. Oswalt; J.A. Westfall; C.H. Perry; M.D. Nelson; A.O. Finley

2009-01-01

Changes in tree species distributions are a potential impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. The examination of tree species shifts in forests of the eastern United States largely has been limited to simulation activities due to a lack of consistent, long-term forest inventory datasets. The goal of this study was to compare current geographic distributions of...

Growing Old in Public: A Modular Teaching Unit on Stereotypes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Detzner, Daniel F.

A college level unit which investigates stereotypes of aging in the United States is described. The three-class unit serves as an introduction to the study of social gerontology. Its purpose is to address issues of negative stereotypes of old age reinforced by the media and by our cultural roots; the lack of knowledge about the normal changes that…

The Lack of a Long-Term Growth Effect of Annosus Control in Southeastern United States

Treesearch

F. H. Tainter; J. G. Williams; N. J. Hess; S. W. Oak; D. A. Starkey

1989-01-01

An evaluation of basal area increment was made in 1988 of six pine plantations located across the southeastern United States. These plantations had been thinned in 1969-1970 and stumps treated with borax to measure long-term efficacy of annosus root rot control. In the present study, no long-term growth effects were identified. There were neither negative growth...

The importance of forest type, tree species and wood posture to saproxylic wasp (Hymenoptera) communities in the southeastern United States.

Treesearch

Michael Ulyshen; Thomas Pucci; James Hanula

2011-01-01

Although the forests of the southeastern United States are among the most productive and diverse in North America, information needed to develop conservation guidelines for the saproxylic (i.e., dependent on dead wood) fauna endemic to the region is lacking. Particularly little is known about the habitat associations and requirements of saproxylic parasitoids even...

Young Adults Do Not Think World Knowledge Is Vital

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy

2006-01-01

A new survey has found that most young adults in the United States have difficulty identifying Iraq on an unlabeled map of the Middle East, or are unaware that the population of China is more than four times that of the United States. This lack of geographic literacy goes beyond simple gaps in knowledge and skills for most of these people do not…

The Distributed Common Ground System-Army User Interface

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

its perceived lack of effectiveness. Popular opinion of the DCGS-A user interface within the military is it is unfriendly to use and not intuitive...from members of the United States Congress due to its perceived lack of effectiveness. Popular opinion of the DCGS-A user interface within the

Experiences of Faculty Women of Color: A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdalla, Sarah

2018-01-01

The purpose of this literature review is to examine the experiences and representation of minority women in United States higher education faculty positions. There are a multitude of issues that derive from the lack of diversification in the workforce: unequal representation, a lack of cultural-social understanding and insufficient relationship…

Women Helping Women: A State-by-State Directory of Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Women's Action Alliance, Inc., New York, NY.

This directory is designed to help women find information on organizations in cities and towns across the United States which exist to provide help for women with problems ranging from unemployment and lack of recognized job skills to physical abuse and unwanted pregnancy. It is arranged alphabetically by state. Within each state, the entries are…

An Overview of the Employment of Cavalry in History, with an Emphasis on the State Defense Force of the United States of America in the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

that can be successfully accomplished by the State Defense Force (SDF). Given the lack of equine expertise of most officers possess, the SDF might...of states with a pronounced military history or a large equine population. A ceremonial unit forges a link with tradition by continuing the history of...of competence is established, and continues to be met. The highly specialized field of equine SAR requires that team members and their mounts are

The Astarita Report: A Military Strategy for the Multipolar World

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-30

With some latitude because of the current lack of black African unity, the United States should expect increasing domestic ,political pressure to "do...clearer. Strategic nuclear retaliatory foecas are the keystone of American military strategy, and United States nuclear "sufficiency" is an absolute...assurance?" Current forward deployments -- like elephant bane -- must be assumed to represdnt the upper limits, since the alliances have endured. The lower

Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness: Issues and Options

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-15

available. Nevertheless, many experts believe that the United States is the global leader in nanotechnology. For example, a survey of U.S. business ...students may return home to conduct research and create new businesses . In the era following World War II, many of the most gifted and talented students...in the United States. Small businesses may lack the resources needed to bring their nanotechnology innovations to market. Federal programs, such as

How Does the United States Rank According to the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative?

PubMed

Cadwell, Karin; Turner-Maffei, Cynthia; Blair, Anna; Brimdyr, Kajsa; OʼConnor, Barbara

The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative is an assessment process designed to facilitate an ongoing national appraisal of progress toward the goals of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)/World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. More than 80 countries have completed this national assessment, including the United States of America. This article describes the process undertaken by the US World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative team, the findings of the expert panel related to infant and young child feeding policies, programs, and practices and the ranking of the United States compared with the 83 other participating nations. Identified strengths of the United States include data collection and monitoring, especially by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, and the United States Breastfeeding Committee. The absence of a national infant feeding policy, insufficient maternity protection, and lack of preparation for infant and young children feeding in emergencies are key targets identified by the assessment requiring concerted national effort.

CHIPS: Monitoring Colonias along the United States-Mexico border in Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parcher, Jean W.

2008-01-01

Colonias, which are unincorporated border settlements in the United States, have emerged in rural areas without the governance and services normally provided by local government. The expansion of colonias in the United States-Mexico border region can be traced to the rapid growth associated with the Mexican Border Industrial Program during the 1960s. This rapid population growth created a lack of affordable housing, causing new migrants in the United States to purchase rural homestead lots through a contract-for-deed program from land developers. Because of the need to keep prices affordable and the absence of effective land-use controls, these homesteads expanded into rural subdivisions, commonly called colonias, without proper infrastructure. Colonias have been identified in the four U.S. border states, with Texas having designated the majority, which numbered over 1,400 colonias in 2001. Because the region is binationally interconnected economically, politically, and socially, the phenomenon of colonias in the United States is a transborder issue.

International Students in Western Developed Countries: History, Challenges, and Prospects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akanwa, Emmanuel E.

2015-01-01

Many scholars have described the various challenges international students face in Western developed countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Some of the challenges include differences in culture, language barriers, adjustment problems, medical concerns, pedagogical challenges, housing issues, lack of support…

Searching for Solutions: Supervising Student Employees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comer, Alberta Davis

2003-01-01

Lending services units at Indiana State University's Cunningham Memorial Library depend heavily on student employees to fulfill their specific missions. Problems attributed to poor communication and lack of motivation among student employees were causing negative impacts on the units' abilities to function well. To resolve these problems,…

The Economic Consequences of Investing in Shipbuilding: Case Studies in the United States and Sweden

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

aluminum-welding rather than steel -welding expertise. Indeed, most new Austal hires, we were told, lacked any shipbuilding experience. Many lacked any...of November 29, 2014: http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/ Owyang, Michael T., Valerie A. Ramey, and Sarah Zubairy, “Are Government

Equity Literacy for All

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorski, Paul C.; Swalwell, Katy

2015-01-01

If the authors have learned anything working with schools across the United States, they've learned this: When it comes to educational equity, the trouble is not a lack of multicultural programs or diversity initiatives in schools. Nor is it a lack of educators who appreciate and even champion diversity. The trouble lies in how so many diversity…

Hospitalizations of the elderly in the United States for non-specific gastrointestinal diseases: A search for etilogical clues

EPA Science Inventory

Nonspecific gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a common cause of GI-related hospitalizations in U.S. elderly (82.9% of all cases) and it peaks concurrently with viral enteritis, suggesting a lack of diagnostic testing. The lack of etiological specificity in the current coding syste...

The Afterschool Hours: A New Focus for America's Cities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ouellette, Mark; Hutchinson, Audrey M.; Frant, Nina

2005-01-01

During a typical week, as many as 14 million children and youth across the United States lack adult supervision during non-school hours. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the lack of structured and supervised afterschool programs in American communities contributes to a higher incidence of drug and alcohol use and delinquent…

FROM BROWNFIELDS TO GREEN STREETS - A PROPOSAL TO DEVELOP A MULTI-AGENCY COLLABORATIVE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR SOLVING SMALL SCALE BROWNFIELD URBAN REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES

EPA Science Inventory

(1) Technical challenge to sustainability: The prevalence of brownfield properties across the United States has reached epidemic proportions. Created from lack of market interest, preference for easily developed land, fear of legal liability, and lack of resources, brownfiel...

The ABC's of Adult Ed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roehrig, Lucy

2010-01-01

According to the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy, it is estimated that 93 million adults in the United States have basic or below basic literacy skills. Those individuals found most lacking in literacy skills were adults living in poverty, adults lacking a high school diploma, seniors and the elderly aged 65 and older, the more than one…

Pediatric endocrine society survey of diabetes practices in the United States: What is the current state?

PubMed

Guttmann-Bauman, I; Thornton, P; Adhikari, S; Reifschneider, K; Wood, M A; Hamby, T; Rubin, K

2018-03-26

The Practice Management Committee (PMC) of the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) conducted a survey of its membership in February/March, 2016 to assess the current state of pediatric diabetes care delivery across multiple practice types in the United States. The PES distributed an anonymous electronic survey (Survey Monkey) via email to its membership and requested that only one survey be completed for each practice. Ninety-three unique entries from the US were entered into analysis. Care is predominantly delivered by multidisciplinary teams, based at academic institutions (65.6%), with >85% of the provider types being physicians. Each 1.0 full time equivalent certified diabetes educators serves on average 367 diabetic youth. Fee-for-service remains the standard method of reimbursement with 57% of practices reporting financial loss. Survey respondents identified under-reimbursement as a major barrier to improving patient outcomes and lack of behavioral health (BH) providers as a key gap in services provided. Our survey reveals wide variation in all aspects of pediatric diabetes care delivery in the United States. Pediatric Endocrinologists responding to the survey identified a lack of resources and the current fee for service payment model as a major impediment to practice and the lack of integrated BH staff as a key gap in service. The respondents strongly support its organizations' involvement in the dissemination of standards for care delivery and advocacy for a national payment model aligned with chronic diabetes care in the context of our emerging value-based healthcare system. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Gazing at the Hand: A Foucaultian View of the Teaching of Manipulative Skills to Introductory Chemistry Students in the United States and the Potential for Transforming Laboratory Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demeo, Stephen

2005-01-01

Many studies of chemistry have described the rise of the academic chemical laboratory and laboratory skills in the United States as a result of famous men, important discoveries, and international influences. What is lacking is a perspective of the manifestations of the balances of power and knowledge between teacher and student. A Foucaultian…

Engaging the BRIC Countries: Diplomacy Outside the Capital

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-12

Pr og ra m R es ea rc h Pr oj ec t ENGAGING THE BRIC COUNTRIES: DIPLOMACY OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL BY MR. MATTHEW D. MURRAY United States...by Colonel John R . Mahoney United States Marine Corps Reserve 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c...government -- is hampered by the lack of a U.S. diplomatic presence there. During hearings on Capitol Hill in April 2008, Secretary Rice supported

Prescribed burning to affect a state transition in a shrub-encroached desert grassland

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Prescribed burning is a commonly advocated and historical practice for control of woody species encroachment into grasslands on all continents. However, desert grasslands of the southwestern United States often lack needed herbaceous fuel loads for effective prescriptions, dominant perennial gramin...

Substance use during pregnancy: time for policy to catch up with research

PubMed Central

Lester, Barry M; Andreozzi, Lynne; Appiah, Lindsey

2004-01-01

The phenomenon of substance abuse during pregnancy has fostered much controversy, specifically regarding treatment vs. punishment. Should the pregnant mother who engages in substance abuse be viewed as a criminal or as someone suffering from an illness requiring appropriate treatment? As it happens, there is a noticeably wide range of responses to this matter in the various states of the United States, ranging from a strictly criminal perspective to one that does emphasize the importance of the mother's treatment. This diversity of dramatically different responses illustrates the failure to establish a uniform policy for the management of this phenomenon. Just as there is lack of consensus among those who favor punishment, the same lack of consensus characterizes those states espousing treatment. Several general policy recommendations are offered here addressing the critical issues. It is hoped that by focusing on these fundamental issues and ultimately detailing statistics, policymakers throughout the United States will consider the course of action that views both pregnant mother and fetus/child as humanely as possible. PMID:15169566

Fragmented patterns of flood change across the United States

PubMed Central

Hirsch, R. M.; Viglione, A.; Blöschl, G.

2016-01-01

Abstract Trends in the peak magnitude, frequency, duration, and volume of frequent floods (floods occurring at an average of two events per year relative to a base period) across the United States show large changes; however, few trends are found to be statistically significant. The multidimensional behavior of flood change across the United States can be described by four distinct groups, with streamgages experiencing (1) minimal change, (2) increasing frequency, (3) decreasing frequency, or (4) increases in all flood properties. Yet group membership shows only weak geographic cohesion. Lack of geographic cohesion is further demonstrated by weak correlations between the temporal patterns of flood change and large‐scale climate indices. These findings reveal a complex, fragmented pattern of flood change that, therefore, clouds the ability to make meaningful generalizations about flood change across the United States. PMID:27917010

Fragmented patterns of flood change across the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Archfield, Stacey A.; Hirsch, Robert M.; Viglione, A.; Blöschl, G.

2016-01-01

Trends in the peak magnitude, frequency, duration, and volume of frequent floods (floods occurring at an average of two events per year relative to a base period) across the United States show large changes; however, few trends are found to be statistically significant. The multidimensional behavior of flood change across the United States can be described by four distinct groups, with streamgages experiencing (1) minimal change, (2) increasing frequency, (3) decreasing frequency, or (4) increases in all flood properties. Yet group membership shows only weak geographic cohesion. Lack of geographic cohesion is further demonstrated by weak correlations between the temporal patterns of flood change and large-scale climate indices. These findings reveal a complex, fragmented pattern of flood change that, therefore, clouds the ability to make meaningful generalizations about flood change across the United States.

Vitamin D, cod-liver oil, sunlight, and rickets: a historical perspective.

PubMed

Rajakumar, Kumaravel

2003-08-01

Rickets, a disease of vitamin D deficiency, is rarely confronted by the practicing pediatrician in the United States today. At the turn of the 20th century, rickets was rampant among the poor children living in the industrialized and polluted northern cities of the United States. With the discovery of vitamin D and the delineation of the anti-rachitic properties of cod-liver oil by the 1930s, it became possible to not only treat but also eradicate rickets in the United States. Rickets was a common disease in 17th century England. Frances Glisson's treatise on rickets published in 1650, a glorious contribution to English medicine, described the clinical and anatomic features of rickets in great detail. The exact etiology of rickets had been elusive until the 1920s. During the Glissonian era, rickets was a mysterious disease. By the late 19th and early 20th century, faulty diet or faulty environment (poor hygiene, lack of fresh air and sunshine) or lack of exercise was implicated in its etiology. Animal experiments, appreciation of folklore advocating the benefits of cod-liver oil, and the geographical association of rickets to lack of sunshine were all relevant factors in the advancement of knowledge in the conquest of this malady. In this article, the history of rickets pertaining to the discovery of vitamin D, cod-liver oil, and sunlight is reviewed.

Lowering the Cost Barrier to Higher Education for Undocumented Students: A Promising University-Level Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thangasamy, Andrew; Horan, Deborah

2016-01-01

Undocumented students, many of Hispanic origin, face among the strictest cost barriers to higher education in the United States. Lack of legal status excludes them from most state and all federal financial aid programs. Furthermore, most states require them to pay out-of-state tuition rates at publicly supported institutions. In a new direction,…

Exploring why Costa Rica outperforms the United States in life expectancy: A tale of two inequality gradients.

PubMed

Rosero-Bixby, Luis; Dow, William H

2016-02-02

Mortality in the United States is 18% higher than in Costa Rica among adult men and 10% higher among middle-aged women, despite the several times higher income and health expenditures of the United States. This comparison simultaneously shows the potential for substantially lowering mortality in other middle-income countries and highlights the United States' poor health performance. The United States' underperformance is strongly linked to its much steeper socioeconomic (SES) gradients in health. Although the highest SES quartile in the United States has better mortality than the highest quartile in Costa Rica, US mortality in its lowest quartile is markedly worse than in Costa Rica's lowest quartile, providing powerful evidence that the US health inequality patterns are not inevitable. High SES-mortality gradients in the United States are apparent in all broad cause-of-death groups, but Costa Rica's overall mortality advantage can be explained largely by two causes of death: lung cancer and heart disease. Lung cancer mortality in the United States is four times higher among men and six times higher among women compared with Costa Rica. Mortality by heart disease is 54% and 12% higher in the United States than in Costa Rica for men and women, respectively. SES gradients for heart disease and diabetes mortality are also much steeper in the United States. These patterns may be partly explained by much steeper SES gradients in the United States compared with Costa Rica for behavioral and medical risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lack of health insurance, and uncontrolled dysglycemia and hypertension.

African-American School Counselors in Majority School Districts: A Qualitative Perspective of Their Lived Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wingate, Crystal Nicole

2011-01-01

This dissertation will focus on the lived experiences of African-American school counselors in majority school districts and the lack of retention among this population. The lack of retention and representation of ethnic minorities in the workforce has been the subject of much discussion throughout the United States (Ingersoll, 2004). The…

Children's Lack of Playtime Seen as Troubling Health, School Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson, Linda

2008-01-01

Teachers and parents are frequently warned that students in the United States are lacking the academic skills they need for the 21st century. But a growing contingent of educators, psychologists, and other professionals are voicing worries that today's children are also growing up without the chance to play. Test preparation in kindergarten,…

37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

37 CFR 1.477 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Searching Authority. 1.477 Section 1.477 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN...

The Consequences of the Lack of Critical Thinking-Based Education in the African-American Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webster, Angela F.

Large segments of the African-American population lack the educational and financial resources to participate fully in building a high-technology economy and in consuming its products. Maintaining large undereducated and unproductive segments of society is a recipe for collective social unrest. The United States today requires a highly educated…

Africans’ Perception of the United States’ Post-9/11 Africa Policy and Africom

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-13

disinterest of the United States, Paris tied its former colonies to the metropole with a system of diplomatic, economic , cultural , and defense agreements... economic cooperation forums such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). In the model of the AGOA and the EU’s Everything But Arms (EBA...to settle in the continent. Additionally, Chinese businesses are strongly attracted into West Africa by the lack of internationally recognized

Integrated Services Digital Networks: Concepts, Policies, and Emerging Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wigand, Rolf T.

1988-01-01

Describes the nature and operations of Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN). Argues that while Western European nations have advanced centralized planning for the introduction of ISDN, the United States is proceeding slowly because of a lack of universal standards and the state of deregulatory policy. (MM)

IDEA-Related Professional Development in Juvenile Corrections Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gagnon, Joseph Calvin; Steinberg, Mary Anne; Crockett, Jean; Murphy, Kristin M.; Gaddis, Justin

2013-01-01

Incarcerated youth are among the least academically and behaviorally competent students in the United States. In spite of juvenile justice reform efforts, including state and federal guarantees of appropriate education, educational services in juvenile corrections (JC) schools, especially for youth with disabilities, are lacking (Houchins,…

Selenium Recycling in the United States in 2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

George, Micheal W.; Wagner, Lorie A.

2009-01-01

The vast majority of selenium consumption in the United States is in dissipative uses, such as alloys, animal feeds, fertilizers, glass decolorizer, and pigments. The nondissipative use as a photoreceptor for xerographic copiers is declining. As a result of a lack of a substantial supply of selenium-containing scrap, there are no longer selenium recycling facilities in the United States. Selenium-containing materials collected for recycling, primarily selenium-containing photocopier drums, are exported for processing in other countries. Of the estimated 350 metric tons (t) of selenium products that went to the U.S. market in 2004, an estimated 300 t went to dissipative uses. An estimated 4 t was recovered from old scrap and exported for recycling.

The gap between law and ethics in human embryonic stem cell research: overcoming the effect of U.S. federal policy on research advances and public benefit.

PubMed

Taylor, Patrick L

2005-10-01

Key ethical issues arise in association with the conduct of stem cell research by research institutions in the United States. These ethical issues, summarized in detail, receive no adequate translation into federal laws or regulations, also described in this article. U.S. Federal policy takes a passive approach to these ethical issues, translating them simply into limitations on taxpayer funding, and foregoes scientific and ethical leadership while protecting intellectual property interests through a laissez faire approach to stem cell patents and licenses. Those patents and licenses, far from being scientifically and ethically neutral in effect, virtually prohibit commercially sponsored research that could otherwise be a realistic alternative to the federal funding gap. The lack of federal funding and related data-sharing principles, combined with the effect of U.S. patent policy, the lack of key agency guidance, and the proliferation of divergent state laws arising from the lack of Federal leadership, significantly impede ethical stem cell research in the United States, without coherently supporting any consensus ethical vision. Research institutions must themselves implement steps, described in the article, to integrate addressing ethical review with the many legal compliance issues U.S. federal and state laws create.

Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) response to concrete grinding residue application

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Concrete grinding residue (CGR) is a slurry byproduct created by concrete pavement maintenance operations. The application of CGR to roadside soils is not consistently regulated by state agencies across the United States. Much of this variability in regulation may be due to the lack of science-base...

Sunflower diseases remain rare in California seed production fields compared to North Dakota

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The majority of United States sunflower production is in eight Midwestern states, but hybrid planting seed is almost exclusively produced in California. Due to the lack of summer rains and furrow irrigation, California-produced seed is relatively disease free and thus it regularly meets phytosanita...

In the Name of Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Makus, Anne L.

United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev have strongly emphasized in several speeches that their ultimate goal is peace between their respective nations. However, this apparent shared goal has not come about, largely because they lack a common understanding of the meaning of peace. Both have stated that they wish…

Defining the Undefinable: Operationalization of Methods to Identify Specific Learning Disabilities among Practicing School Psychologists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cottrell, Joseph M.; Barrett, Courtenay A.

2016-01-01

Accurate and consistent identification of students with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) is crucial; however, state and district guidelines regarding identification methods lack operationalization and are inconsistent throughout the United States. In the current study, the authors surveyed 471 school psychologists about "school" SLD…

Exploring why Costa Rica outperforms the United States in life expectancy: A tale of two inequality gradients

PubMed Central

Rosero-Bixby, Luis; Dow, William H.

2016-01-01

Mortality in the United States is 18% higher than in Costa Rica among adult men and 10% higher among middle-aged women, despite the several times higher income and health expenditures of the United States. This comparison simultaneously shows the potential for substantially lowering mortality in other middle-income countries and highlights the United States’ poor health performance. The United States’ underperformance is strongly linked to its much steeper socioeconomic (SES) gradients in health. Although the highest SES quartile in the United States has better mortality than the highest quartile in Costa Rica, US mortality in its lowest quartile is markedly worse than in Costa Rica’s lowest quartile, providing powerful evidence that the US health inequality patterns are not inevitable. High SES-mortality gradients in the United States are apparent in all broad cause-of-death groups, but Costa Rica’s overall mortality advantage can be explained largely by two causes of death: lung cancer and heart disease. Lung cancer mortality in the United States is four times higher among men and six times higher among women compared with Costa Rica. Mortality by heart disease is 54% and 12% higher in the United States than in Costa Rica for men and women, respectively. SES gradients for heart disease and diabetes mortality are also much steeper in the United States. These patterns may be partly explained by much steeper SES gradients in the United States compared with Costa Rica for behavioral and medical risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lack of health insurance, and uncontrolled dysglycemia and hypertension. PMID:26729886

Trends in Medicaid Reimbursements for Insulin From 1991 Through 2014.

PubMed

Luo, Jing; Avorn, Jerry; Kesselheim, Aaron S

2015-10-01

Insulin is a vital medicine for patients with diabetes mellitus. Newer, more expensive insulin products and the lack of generic insulins in the United States have increased costs for patients and insurers. To examine Medicaid payment trends for insulin products. Cost information is available for all 50 states and has been recorded since the 1990s. A time-series analysis comparing reimbursements and prices. Using state- and national-level Medicaid data from 1991 to 2014, we identified all patients who used 1 or more of the 16 insulin products that were continuously available in the United States between 2006 and 2014. Insulin products were classified into rapid-acting and long-acting analogs, short-acting, intermediate, and premixed insulins based on American Diabetes Association Guidelines. Inflation-adjusted payments made to pharmacies by Medicaid per 1 mL (100 IU) of insulin in 2014 US dollars. Since 1991, Medicaid reimbursement per unit (1 mL) of insulin dispensed has risen steadily. In the 1990s, Medicaid reimbursed pharmacies between $2.36 and $4.43 per unit. By 2014, reimbursement for short-acting insulins increased to $9.64 per unit; intermediate, $9.22; premixed, $14.79; and long-acting, $19.78. Medicaid reimbursement for rapid-acting insulin analogs rose to $19.81 per unit. The rate of increase in reimbursement was higher for insulins with patent protection ($0.20 per quarter) than without ($0.05 per quarter) (P<.001).Total Medicaid reimbursements peaked at $407.4 million dollars in quarter 2 of 2014. Total volume peaked at 29.9 million units in quarter 4 of 2005 and was 21.2 million units in quarter 2 of 2014. Between 1991 and 2014, there was a near-exponential upward trend in Medicaid payments on a per-unit basis for a wide variety of insulin products regardless of formulation, duration of action, and whether the product was patented. Although reimbursements for newer, patent-protected insulin analogs increased at a faster rate than reimbursements for older insulins, payments increased for all products we examined. Our findings suggest a lack of price competition in the United States for this class of medications.

Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-23

Foreign Assistance Programs. Many foreign assistance experts have concluded that, after six decades, U.S. foreign assistance lacks strategic coherence...Government Accountability Office (GAO) and others criticized State’s public diplomacy program for its general lack of strategic planning, inadequate...Veillette. 19 Henrietta H. Fore, Acting Director of Foreign Assistance and Acting Administrator of the United States Agency for International

The effects of land use changes and climate variability on reservoir sedimentation for the Little Washita River experimental watershed

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In the 1930’s, the United States experienced a period of severe dust storms known as the Dust Bowl, caused by severe drought and lack of proper farming methods. Lack of vegetation combined with isolated periods of intense rainfall caused increased erosion and flooding. As a result of the Flood Contr...

37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

37 CFR 1.489 - Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protest to lack of unity of invention before the International Preliminary Examining Authority. 1.489 Section 1.489 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES International...

A Correlational Study between Teachers' Use of Calculators and Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs-Miller, Reba

2013-01-01

There is a lack of achievement among 7th grade mathematics students in the United States and a lack of technology use in the 7 th grade classroom. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine the relationship between teachers' use of calculators in Grade 7 mathematics instruction, the independent variable, and student achievement…

The Antiaircraft Journal. Volume 95, Number 5, September-October 1952

DTIC Science & Technology

1952-10-01

Lack of crops in Australia meant that we would have to ship more food from the United States, which would require more ship tonnage for this purpose...fertilizer. I found the Australians were constantlv thinking of postwar matters just as th~ British did on the other side of the world. In growing food ...guarantees from th~ United States that we would take a definite quantity of food each year so that they would be willing to go into an expanded

Relationships between forest fine and coarse woody debris carbon stocks across latitudinal gradients in the United States as an indicator of climate change effects

Treesearch

C.W. Woodall; G.C. Liknes

2008-01-01

Coarse and fine woody materials (CWD and FWD) are substantial forest ecosystem carbon (C) stocks. There is a lack of understanding how these detritus C stocks may respond to climate change. This study used a nation-wide inventory of CWD and FWD in the United States to examine how these C stocks vary by latitude. Results indicate that the highest CWD and FWD C stocks...

The EU Arms Embargo on China, from 2001 to the Present: Implications for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

navigation, tourism , and a “new mechanism for industrial policy dialogue.” In January 2004 China and France agreed to a “joint declaration to deepen...claim to contribute materially to the key defense issues in the region.”15 Second, European defense industries lack the massive domestic sales of...interests that lies at the heart of United States laws for transatlantic defense cooperation at both the governmental and industrial levels and would

Suicide Prevention Training: Policies for Health Care Professionals Across the United States as of October 2017.

PubMed

Graves, Janessa M; Mackelprang, Jessica L; Van Natta, Sara E; Holliday, Carrie

2018-06-01

To identify and compare state policies for suicide prevention training among health care professionals across the United States and benchmark state plan updates against national recommendations set by the surgeon general and the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention in 2012. We searched state legislation databases to identify policies, which we described and characterized by date of adoption, target audience, and duration and frequency of the training. We used descriptive statistics to summarize state-by-state variation in suicide education policies. In the United States, as of October 9, 2017, 10 (20%) states had passed legislation mandating health care professionals complete suicide prevention training, and 7 (14%) had policies encouraging training. The content and scope of policies varied substantially. Most states (n = 43) had a state suicide prevention plan that had been revised since 2012, but 7 lacked an updated plan. Considerable variation in suicide prevention training for health care professionals exists across the United States. There is a need for consistent polices in suicide prevention training across the nation to better equip health care providers to address the needs of patients who may be at risk for suicide.

Seroimmunity to polioviruses in U.S. Army recruits.

PubMed

Burke, D S; Gaydos, J C; Hodder, R A; Bancroft, W H

1979-02-01

Titers of neutralizing antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were determined for serum specimens obtained from 268 U.S. Army recruits. Among those tested, 20.9% lacked neutralizing antibody to one or more types of poliovirus, and 1.1% lacked antibody to all three types. An analysis of demographic data showed that age of less than 18 years, schooling for less than 10 years, and residence in the northeastern United States were associated with higher percentages of recruits lacking neutralizing antibodies to polioviruses in serum.

Educational Evaluation and Assessment in the United States. Position Paper and Recommendations for Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Chief State School Officers, Washington, DC.

The lack of high quality data to describe and monitor U.S. educational systems hampers reform decisions and will impair reform evaluation. This paper sets forth the Council of Chief State School Officers' (CCSSO) recommendations for the Council and federal, state, and local education agencies to help improve the quality of educational indicators.…

For Sale: Subliminal Bias in Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Britton, Gwyneth E.; Lumpkin, Margaret C.

1977-01-01

Discusses the fact that, although publishers have acknowledged the problem of sex bias in textbooks in the United States, guidelines lack specifics, timetables, and procedures for monitoring content and enforcing compliance with the guidelines. (MB)

Assessment of the mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit by supersonic shear wave imaging elastography: a review

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

This review aimed to describe the state of the art in muscle-tendon unit (MTU) assessment by supersonic shear wave imaging (SSI) elastography in states of muscle contraction and stretching, during aging, and in response to injury and therapeutic interventions. A consensus exists that MTU elasticity increases during passive stretching or contraction, and decreases after static stretching, electrostimulation, massage, and dry needling. There is currently no agreement regarding changes in the MTU due to aging and injury. Currently, the application of SSI for the purpose of diagnosis, rehabilitation, and physical training remains limited by a number of issues, including the lack of normative value ranges, the lack of consensus regarding the appropriate terminology, and an inadequate understanding of the main technical limitations of this novel technology. PMID:28607322

Analyzing Social Issues Related to Teaching about the Federal Budget, Federal Debt, and Budget Deficit in Fifty State High School Social Studies Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marri, Anand R.; Crocco, Margaret S.; Shuttleworth, Jay; Gaudelli, William; Grolnick, Maureen

2012-01-01

This study of all fifty state, high school social studies curriculum standards found a lack of attention in the vast majority of state standards to the federal budget, federal debt, and budget deficit, topics of significant concern. These concepts are important to teaching about economics in the United States since they lie at the center of…

American Policy in Gifted Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

VanTassel-Baska, Joyce

2018-01-01

This article explores the history of gifted education policy and practice in the United States over the last five decades, documenting the lack of sustained progress in obtaining sustained federal support. It also highlights two case examples, one at the state level and a second at the national level of where a policy in a specific aspect of…

The State of Sexual Health Education in U.S. Medicine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Criniti, S.; Andelloux, M.; Woodland, M. B.; Montgomery, O. C.; Hartmann, S. Urdaneta

2014-01-01

Although studies have shown that patients want to receive sexual health services from their physicians, doctors often lack the knowledge and skills to discuss sexual health with their patients. There is little consistency among medical schools and residency programs in the United States regarding comprehensiveness of education on sexual health.…

Joint Force Quarterly. Issue 54, 3rd Quarter 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

executed, state capacity remains low, and the private sector suffers from a lack of security and weak national and provincial gover - nance. The rule of law... tourism industry reported that in 2008, 22.6 million foreign visitors, the majority from the United States, spent $13.3 billion, an increase of 3.4

Improved mapping of National Atmospheric Deposition Program wet-deposition in complex terrain using PRISM-gridded data sets

USGS Publications Warehouse

Latysh, Natalie E.; Wetherbee, Gregory Alan

2012-01-01

High-elevation regions in the United States lack detailed atmospheric wet-deposition data. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) measures and reports precipitation amounts and chemical constituent concentration and deposition data for the United States on annual isopleth maps using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. This interpolation for unsampled areas does not account for topographic influences. Therefore, NADP/NTN isopleth maps lack detail and potentially underestimate wet deposition in high-elevation regions. The NADP/NTN wet-deposition maps may be improved using precipitation grids generated by other networks. The Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) produces digital grids of precipitation estimates from many precipitation-monitoring networks and incorporates influences of topographical and geographical features. Because NADP/NTN ion concentrations do not vary with elevation as much as precipitation depths, PRISM is used with unadjusted NADP/NTN data in this paper to calculate ion wet deposition in complex terrain to yield more accurate and detailed isopleth deposition maps in complex terrain. PRISM precipitation estimates generally exceed NADP/NTN precipitation estimates for coastal and mountainous regions in the western United States. NADP/NTN precipitation estimates generally exceed PRISM precipitation estimates for leeward mountainous regions in Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, where abrupt changes in precipitation depths induced by topography are not depicted by IDW interpolation. PRISM-based deposition estimates for nitrate can exceed NADP/NTN estimates by more than 100% for mountainous regions in the western United States.

Improved mapping of National Atmospheric Deposition Program wet-deposition in complex terrain using PRISM-gridded data sets.

PubMed

Latysh, Natalie E; Wetherbee, Gregory Alan

2012-01-01

High-elevation regions in the United States lack detailed atmospheric wet-deposition data. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) measures and reports precipitation amounts and chemical constituent concentration and deposition data for the United States on annual isopleth maps using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. This interpolation for unsampled areas does not account for topographic influences. Therefore, NADP/NTN isopleth maps lack detail and potentially underestimate wet deposition in high-elevation regions. The NADP/NTN wet-deposition maps may be improved using precipitation grids generated by other networks. The Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) produces digital grids of precipitation estimates from many precipitation-monitoring networks and incorporates influences of topographical and geographical features. Because NADP/NTN ion concentrations do not vary with elevation as much as precipitation depths, PRISM is used with unadjusted NADP/NTN data in this paper to calculate ion wet deposition in complex terrain to yield more accurate and detailed isopleth deposition maps in complex terrain. PRISM precipitation estimates generally exceed NADP/NTN precipitation estimates for coastal and mountainous regions in the western United States. NADP/NTN precipitation estimates generally exceed PRISM precipitation estimates for leeward mountainous regions in Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, where abrupt changes in precipitation depths induced by topography are not depicted by IDW interpolation. PRISM-based deposition estimates for nitrate can exceed NADP/NTN estimates by more than 100% for mountainous regions in the western United States.

Dimensions of nursing process: the leadership cure.

PubMed

McBride, Karin; Snyder, Eugene R

2011-08-01

The field of nursing is in a state of crisis. This crisis has a number of causes: a shortage of registered nurses to fill job vacancies, lack of professional growth opportunities, inability to participate in decision making, and lack of orientation and training for newly graduated nurses. Democratic leadership can result in respect and greater levels of trust among staff in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Employment of an Informal Educational Mathematical Facility to Lower Math Anxiety and Improve Teacher and Student Attitudes Towards Understanding Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Vicki

2012-01-01

Students do not pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) because of a lack of ability, but rather a lack of positive experiences with mathematics. Research has concluded that attitudes in math directly influence success in mathematics. As many as 75% of high school graduates in the United States suffer from mild to…

Water decontamination

Treesearch

Roger Rowell

2004-01-01

For 1.5 to 2.5 billion people in the world, lack of clean water is a critical issue. It is estimated that by the year 2025 there will be an additional 2.5 billion people who will live in regions already lacking sufficient clean water. In the United States today, it is estimated that 90% of citizens live within 10 mi of a body of contaminated water. Large numbers of...

Innovative contracting methods and construction traffic congestion.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

Increasing travel demand and lack of sufficient highway capacity are serious problems in most : major metropolitan areas in the United States. Large metropolitan cities have been experiencing : increased traffic congestion problems over the past seve...

EVALUATION OF THE SCATS CONTROL SYSTEM

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

Increasing travel demand and lack of sufficient highway capacity are serious problems in most major metropolitan areas in the United States. Large metropolitan areas have been experiencing increased traffic congestion problems over the past several y...

Diagnosis of Child Maltreatment: A Family Medicine Physician's Dilemma.

PubMed

Eniola, Kehinde; Evarts, Lori

2017-05-01

Cases of child maltreatment (CM) in the United States remain high, and primary care providers lack the confidence and training to diagnose these cases. This study provides recommendations to improve family medicine physicians' confidence in diagnosing CM. We e-mailed an electronic survey to family medicine residents and physicians practicing in the United States. Responses were collected during August and September 2015. Respondents were asked about their familiarity and competence level regarding the diagnosis of CM. They also were asked about the frequency of their correctly diagnosing CM, timeliness of diagnosis, barriers to a diagnosis or early diagnosis of CM, and receipt of adequate CM training. Of the 420 surveys emailed, 258 (61%) were completed. The majority of respondents stated their self-reported level of competence in diagnosing CM as average or below average, with few (8%) indicating a competence level of above average. A timely diagnosis of child maltreatment was reported by 46% of respondents, whereas 54% were either late (19.2%) in diagnosing or could not recall (34.6%). The barriers to diagnosis cited by responders were inexperience (58%), lack of confidence and certainty (50%), lack of diagnosis protocol (43.3%), lack of confidence in communicating with parents (38.3%), and inadequate training (34.9%). The introduction of CM training into the family medicine residency training curriculum, coupled with the development of a standardized CM diagnosis protocol, may improve self-reported family medicine physicians' confidence and competence levels in diagnosing CM.

An overlooked source of physician-scientists.

PubMed

Puljak, Livia

2007-12-01

A shortage of physician-scientists in the United States is an ongoing problem. Various recommendations have been made to address this issue; however, none of them have ameliorated the situation. Foreign medical school graduates with postdoctoral training in the United States are an overlooked and untapped resource for combating the dearth of physician-scientists. Evaluation of the scientific staff at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center revealed that 11% of all postdoctoral fellows were international medical graduates. Interestingly, a survey taken by these individuals revealed a lack of institutional and/or mentor support for career development and preparation for becoming physician-scientists. Foreign postdoctoral fellows with medical degrees are not even eligible for physician-scientist grants and awards since they are not US citizens. Although physicians educated in the United States usually matriculate from medical school with high educational debt that prevents most of them from entering into scientific careers, doctors trained outside the United States generally have minimal, if any, debt. Furthermore, many of them have a keen interest in remaining in the United States once they complete their postdoctoral training. Thus, foreign-trained medical professionals who have pursued scientific training in the United States can be one of the solutions for the current dearth of physician-scientists.

Contemporary Planetary Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belton, Michael J. S.; Levy, Eugene H.

1982-01-01

Presents an overview of planetary science and the United States program for exploration of the planets, examining the program's scientific objectives, its current activities, and the diversity of its methods. Also discusses the program's lack of continuity, especially in personnel. (Author/JN)

Social Disconnection as a Risk Factor for Health among Cambodian Refugees and Their Offspring in the United States.

PubMed

Berthold, S Megan; Loomis, Alysse Melville; Kuoch, Theanvy; Scully, Mary; Hin-McCormick, Mui Mui; Casavant, Bryce; Buckley, Thomas

2018-05-23

Studies of relatively recently resettled refugees have noted social disconnection, linked to various physical and mental health outcomes, as a concern. Limited studies have examined whether social disconnection and its effects persists within refugee populations resettled more than 3 decades prior. The relationship between social disconnection and self-reported health was explored in a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional needs assessment survey with a snowball sample of 100 Cambodian refugees residing in Connecticut. Social disconnectedness and comorbid health conditions were prevalent. Lack of religious and community engagement were associated with poor health outcomes, while individuals with a lack of ethnic engagement reported better overall health. This study underscores the importance of understanding the specific risks that social disconnection poses to refugees who have resettled many years before and their offspring that may assist in better serving currently settling refugees within the United States.

Identification of Gifted African American Primary Grade Students through Leadership, Creativity, and Academic Performance in Curriculum Material Making and Peer-Teaching: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhbanova, Ksenia S.; Rule, Audrey C.; Stichter, Mary K.

2015-01-01

Research into identification of gifted early childhood students of minority groups through classroom activities is lacking. A focus in the United States on students with learning challenges and a lack of awareness of educators concerning the needs of early childhood gifted students are important causes of this situation. The current case study…

The Rights of Children and Young People in State Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashton, Sarah

2014-01-01

This article highlights the lack of human rights recognition for arguably one of the most vulnerable groups in our society, children and young people in the care of the state. Currently under New Zealand legislation and policy frameworks these children do not have their rights upheld, as per New Zealand's obligations under the United Nations…

Transition from Associate's Degree in Nursing to Bachelor's of Science in Nursing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allar, Deborah T.

2014-01-01

Areas throughout the United States lack baccalaureate-prepared registered nurses to meet the health care needs of individuals, forcing health care providers to rely on associate degree nurses (ADN). In an effort to increase the numbers of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students, technical colleges and state and private universities have…

Latency attention deficit: Asbestos abatement workers need us to investigate.

PubMed

Roelofs, Cora

2015-12-01

Little is known of the impact of asbestos on the health of the workers in the United States who have removed or abated asbestos from buildings following recognition of its adverse effects on health. The United States does not have a national occupational health surveillance network to monitor asbestos-related disease and, while the United States Occupational Health and Safety Administration has a strong and detailed asbestos standard, its enforcement resources are limited. A significant proportion of asbestos abatement workers are foreign-born, and may face numerous challenges in achieving safe workplaces, including lack of union representation, economic vulnerability, and inadequate training. Public health surveillance and increased and coordinated enforcement is needed to monitor the health and exposure experiences of asbestos-exposed workers. Alarming disease trends in asbestos removal workers in Great Britain suggest that, in the United States, increased public attention will be necessary to end the epidemic of asbestos-related disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Barriers to HPV Vaccination Among Unvaccinated, Haitian American College Women

PubMed Central

Pierre-Victor, Dudith; Stephens, Dionne P.; Omondi, Angela; Clarke, Rachel; Jean-Baptiste, Naomie; Madhivanan, Purnima

2018-01-01

Abstract Background: Haitian women residing in the United States are disproportionately affected by cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been licensed in the United States since 2006. Vaccination rates are less than optimal overall, and the rates are particularly low among young black women. We investigated barriers to HPV vaccination in a sample of Haitian American college women. Methods: Thirty self-identified Haitian American women, aged 17−26 years, were recruited from a large university campus in southeastern United States (n=30). They completed in-depth face-to-face interviews. The research team analyzed the transcripts using thematic analysis. Results: More than half of the participants (n=18) had not yet initiated the HPV vaccine series. Most of the unvaccinated participants stated that they had received a provider recommendation for the vaccine. Lack of provider recommendation, negative vaccine perception and attitudes, and side effect concerns constituted barriers to vaccination. Conclusions: Haitian American college women at high risk of cervical cancer have cited several barriers to HPV vaccination, with the most prominent being lack of physician recommendation. Healthcare providers should continue recommending the vaccine to college women as many of them may not have received a recommendation. When recommending the HPV vaccine, discussions should be framed with the intent to positively influence HPV vaccine perceptions and ultimately vaccine attitudes. PMID:29904749

The right to vacation: an international perspective.

PubMed

Ray, Rebecca; Schmitt, John

2008-01-01

This report reviews international vacation and holiday laws and finds that the United States is the only advanced economy that does not guarantee its workers any paid vacation or holidays. As a result, one in four U.S. workers do not receive any paid vacation or paid holidays. The lack of paid vacation and paid holidays in the United States is particularly acute for lower-wage and part-time workers, and for employees of small businesses. This report also includes a comparative appendix with information on paid leave and holiday laws in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Ethics education in family medicine training in the United States: a national survey.

PubMed

Manson, Helen M; Satin, David; Nelson, Valerie; Vadiveloo, Thenmalar

2014-01-01

Although professional organizations endorse ethics education in family medicine training, there is little published evidence that ethics teaching occurs. This survey collated data on the aims, content, pedagogical methods, assessment, and barriers relating to formal ethics education in family medicine residency programs in the United States. A questionnaire surveyed all 445 family medicine residency programs in the United States. Forty percent of programs responded (178/445). Of these, 95% formally teach at least one ethics topic, 68.2% teach six or more topics, and 7.1% teach all 13 core topics specified in the questionnaire. Programs show variation, providing between zero to 100 hours' ethics education over the 3 years of residency training. Of the responding programs, 3.5% specify well-defined aims for ethics teaching, 25.9% designate overall responsibility for the ethics curriculum to one individual, and 33.5% formally assess ethics competencies. The most frequent barriers to ethics education are finding time in residents' schedules (59.4%) and educator expertise (21.8%). Considerable variation in ethics education is apparent in both curricular content and delivery among family medicine residency programs in the United States. Additional findings included a lack of specification of explicit curricular aims for ethics teaching allied to ACGME or AAFP competencies, a tendency not to designate one faculty member with lead responsibility for ethics teaching in the residency program, and a lack of formal assessment of ethics competencies. This has occurred in the context of an absence of robust assessment of ethics competencies at board certification level.

Spatial Distribution of Counties in the Continental United States with Records of Occurrence of Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae)

PubMed Central

SPRINGER, YURI P.; EISEN, LARS; BEATI, LORENZA; JAMES, ANGELA M.; EISEN, REBECCA J.

2015-01-01

In addition to being a major nuisance biter, the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), is increasingly recognized as an important vector of pathogens affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Despite its notoriety, efforts have been lacking to define the spatial occurrence of A. americanum in the continental United States with precision beyond that conveyed in continental-scale distribution maps. Here we present a county-level distribution map for A. americanum generated by compiling collection records obtained from a search of the published literature and databases managed by the USDA, U.S. National Tick Collection, and Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Our decadal and cumulative maps, which visually summarize 18,121 collections made between 1898 and 2012, show that A. americanum is either established (≥six ticks or ≥two life stages) or reported (

The International Context of Teacher Preparation: Rejoinder to "Isn't It Time We Did Something about the Lack of Teaching Preparation in Business Doctoral Programs?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, Graham

2016-01-01

This paper, a rejoinder to "Isn't It Time We Did Something about the Lack of Teaching Preparation in Business Doctoral Programs?" by Marx et al., suggests glancing at practices outside the United States to get some perspective on the nature of the problem of why so little emphasis is placed on teaching preparation in business doctoral…

A Quantitative Examination of the Influence of Non-Instructional Variables on Meeting State Accountability Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Lisa D.

2017-01-01

Since the 1990's, schools across the United States have been held accountable for increased student learning. Increased use of growth-based accountability models and a lack of clarity on what each model measures have resulted in a need for additional research focused on the real-world implications for teacher agency and school accountability. The…

New Models for Predicting Diameter at Breast Height from Stump Dimensions

Treesearch

James A. Westfall

2010-01-01

Models to predict dbh from stump dimensions are presented for 18 species groups. Data used to fit the models were collected across thirteen states in the northeastern United States. Primarily because of the presence of multiple measurements from each tree, a mixed-effects modeling approach was used to account for the lack of independence among observations. The...

On-site energy consumption and selected emissions at softwood sawmills in the southwestern United States

Treesearch

Dan Loeffler; Nathaniel Anderson; Todd A. Morgan; Colin B. Sorenson

2016-01-01

Presently there is a lack of information describing US southwestern energy consumption and emissions generated from the sawmilling industry. This article uses a mail survey of softwood sawmills in the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico to develop a profile of on-site energy consumption and selected emissions for the industry. Energy consumption is...

The Perceptions of Public School Leaders about the Role Spirituality Plays in Decision-Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massenburg, Masa J.

2010-01-01

The political doctrine of the separation of church and state is perhaps the major contributor to the lack of discourse on whether or not spirituality in any way affects the leadership of United States public schools. Similarly, the distinction between spirituality and religion seems to affect adversely the degree to which public school leaders are…

Girls' Education in the United States and Ghana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davenport, Elizabeth K.; Sutton, Lenford; Agezo, Clement Kwadzo

2006-01-01

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (2000) delivered a speech at the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal, stating that, of the 110 million children in the world who should be in school but are not, two-thirds are girls. The lack of equality is contrary to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, in which governments committed to…

Hydrologic and geomorphic controls on hyporheic exchange during base flow recession in a headwater mountain stream

Treesearch

A.S. Ward; M. Fitzgerald; M.N. Gooseff; A.M. Binley; K. Singha

2012-01-01

Hyporheic hydrodynamics are a control on stream ecosystems, yet we lack a thorough understanding of catchment controls on these flow paths, including valley constraint and hydraulic gradients in the valley bottom. We performed four whole-stream solute tracer injections under steady state flow conditions at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon, United States)...

Suitability of live and fire-killed small-diameter ponderosa and lodgepole pine trees for manufacturing a new structural wood composite

Treesearch

J.M. Linton; H.M. Barnes; R.D. Seale; P.D. Jones; E. Lowell; S.S. Hummel

2010-01-01

Finding alternative uses for raw material from small-diameter trees is a critical problem throughout the United States. In western states, a lack of markets for small-diameter ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ) can contribute to problems associated with overstocking. To test the feasibility of...

An expert system for diagnostics and estimation of steam turbine components condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murmansky, B. E.; Aronson, K. E.; Brodov, Yu. M.

2017-11-01

The report describes an expert system of probability type for diagnostics and state estimation of steam turbine technological subsystems components. The expert system is based on Bayes’ theorem and permits to troubleshoot the equipment components, using expert experience, when there is a lack of baseline information on the indicators of turbine operation. Within a unified approach the expert system solves the problems of diagnosing the flow steam path of the turbine, bearings, thermal expansion system, regulatory system, condensing unit, the systems of regenerative feed-water and hot water heating. The knowledge base of the expert system for turbine unit rotors and bearings contains a description of 34 defects and of 104 related diagnostic features that cause a change in its vibration state. The knowledge base for the condensing unit contains 12 hypotheses and 15 evidence (indications); the procedures are also designated for 20 state parameters estimation. Similar knowledge base containing the diagnostic features and faults hypotheses are formulated for other technological subsystems of turbine unit. With the necessary initial information available a number of problems can be solved within the expert system for various technological subsystems of steam turbine unit: for steam flow path it is the correlation and regression analysis of multifactor relationship between the vibration parameters variations and the regime parameters; for system of thermal expansions it is the evaluation of force acting on the longitudinal keys depending on the temperature state of the turbine cylinder; for condensing unit it is the evaluation of separate effect of the heat exchange surface contamination and of the presence of air in condenser steam space on condenser thermal efficiency performance, as well as the evaluation of term for condenser cleaning and for tube system replacement and so forth. With a lack of initial information the expert system enables to formulate a diagnosis, calculating the probability of faults hypotheses, given the degree of the expert confidence in estimation of turbine components operation parameters.

Trends in Reported Foodborne Illness in the United States; 1996-2013.

PubMed

Powell, Mark R

2016-08-01

Retrospective review is a key to designing effective food safety measures. The analysis examines trends in the reported incidence of illness due to bacterial pathogens commonly transmitted by food in the United States during 1996-2013 with and without specifying a model form for trend. The findings indicate early declines in reported incidence followed by a period of no significant trend for Campylobacter, Listeria, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157, and Yersinia. The results are inconclusive about whether there is no trend or an increasing trend for Salmonella. While Shigella exhibits a continuous decline, Vibrio exhibits a continuous increase. Overall, the findings indicate a lack of evidence for continuous reduction in illness due to bacterial pathogens commonly transmitted by food in the United States during 1996-2013. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States.

PubMed

Quillian, Lincoln; Lagrange, Hugues

2016-08-01

Past cross-national comparisons of socioeconomic segregation have been undercut by lack of comparability in measures, data, and concepts. Using IRIS data from the French Census of 2008 and the French Ministry of Finance as well as tract data from the American Community Survey (2006-2010) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Picture of Subsidized Households, and constructing measures to be as similar as possible, we compare socioeconomic segregation in metropolitan areas with a population of more than 1 million in France and the United States. We find much higher socioeconomic segregation in large metropolitan areas in the United States than in France. We also find (1) a strong pattern of low-income neighborhoods in central cities and high-income neighborhoods in suburbs in the United States, but varying patterns across metropolitan areas in France; (2) that high-income persons are the most segregated group in both countries; (3) that the shares of neighborhood income differences that can be explained by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition are similar in France and the United States; and (4) that government-assisted housing is disproportionately located in the poorest neighborhoods in the United States but is spread across many neighborhood income levels in France. We conclude that differences in government provision of housing assistance and levels of income inequality are likely important contributing factors to the Franco-U.S. difference in socioeconomic segregation.

Low Dose Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Foodborne illness (FBI) outbreaks in the United States associated with contaminated fruits, vegetables, salads, and juices have prompted redoubled efforts to improve agricultural, post-harvest and supply-chain controls that reduce risk. However, the lack of a broadly applicable antimicrobial process...

Why Young People Don't Vote.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gans, Curtis; And Others

1988-01-01

Discusses several reasons for decreasing voter participation in the United States, specifically focusing on lack of voter participation by youth. Highlights recommendations for increasing young voter turnout. Presents three voting activity lesson plans for middle school students and three activities entitled "Increasing Participation in…

90 Years of Rural Development Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasmussen, Wayne D.

1985-01-01

Discusses history of United States government programs to ameliorate rural living and economic conditions. Contrasts early successful efforts to improve physical characteristics--road, electricity--with recent lack of success in dealing with intractable problems--unemployment, persistent poverty. Chart of rural development actions outlines rural…

Hepatitis B Immunization Policies of United States Pharmacy Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salem, Hanaa A.; Catania, Patrick N.

1993-01-01

A survey of 53 pharmacy schools investigated immunization requirements and policies, both on admission and before students begin clerkships. Results are reported, highlighting schools' hepatitis B immunization policies. Results indicate that most schools lack an immunization requirement for this disease. (Author/MSE)

The Coercive Efficacy of Air Exclusion Zones: Myth or Reality

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

use force and such threats lacked credibility. The lack of intervention by the international community in other Arab nations may have reinforced such...those of the author. They do not reflect the official position of the US Government, Department of Defense, the United States Air Force, or Air...security. We do not seek the destruction of Iraq, its culture, or its people. Rather, we seek an Iraq that uses its great resources not to destroy, not to

Educating Patients about CKD: The Path to Self-Management and Patient-Centered Care

PubMed Central

Norton, Jenna M.; Boulware, L. Ebony

2016-01-01

Patient education is associated with better patient outcomes and supported by international guidelines and organizations, but a range of barriers prevent widespread implementation of comprehensive education for people with progressive kidney disease, especially in the United States. Among United States patients, obstacles to education include the complex nature of kidney disease information, low baseline awareness, limited health literacy and numeracy, limited availability of CKD information, and lack of readiness to learn. For providers, lack of time and clinical confidence combine with competing education priorities and confusion about diagnosing CKD to limit educational efforts. At the system level, lack of provider incentives, limited availability of practical decision support tools, and lack of established interdisciplinary care models inhibit patient education. Despite these barriers, innovative education approaches for people with CKD exist, including self-management support, shared decision making, use of digital media, and engaging families and communities. Education efficiency may be increased by focusing on people with progressive disease, establishing interdisciplinary care management including community health workers, and providing education in group settings. New educational approaches are being developed through research and quality improvement efforts, but challenges to evaluating public awareness and patient education programs inhibit identification of successful strategies for broader implementation. However, growing interest in improving patient-centered outcomes may provide new approaches to effective education of people with CKD. PMID:26536899

Care coordination gaps due to lack of interoperability in the United States: a qualitative study and literature review.

PubMed

Samal, Lipika; Dykes, Patricia C; Greenberg, Jeffrey O; Hasan, Omar; Venkatesh, Arjun K; Volk, Lynn A; Bates, David W

2016-04-22

Health information technology (HIT) could improve care coordination by providing clinicians remote access to information, improving legibility, and allowing asynchronous communication, among other mechanisms. We sought to determine, from a clinician perspective, how care is coordinated and to what extent HIT is involved when transitioning patients between emergency departments, acute care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and home health agencies in settings across the United States. We performed a qualitative study with clinicians and information technology professionals from six regions of the U.S. which were chosen as national leaders in HIT. We analyzed data through a two person consensus approach, assigning responses to each of nine care coordination activities. We also conducted a literature review of MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and Embase, analyzing results of studies that examined interventions to improve information transfer during transitions of care. We enrolled 29 respondents from 17 organizations and conducted six focus groups. Respondents reported how HIT is currently used for care coordination activities. HIT is currently used to monitor patients and to align systems-level resources with population needs. However, we identified multiple areas where the lack of interoperability leads to inefficient processes and missing data. Additionally, the literature review identified ten intervention studies that address information transfer, seven of which employed HIT and three of which utilized other communication methods such as telephone calls, faxed records, and nurse case management. Significant care coordination gaps exist due to the lack of interoperability across the United States. We must design, evaluate, and incentivize the use of HIT for care coordination. We should focus on the domains where we found the largest gaps: information transfer, systems to monitor patients, tools to support patients' self-management goals, and tools to link patients and their caregivers with community resources.

Continuing education requirements among State Occupational Therapy Regulatory Boards in the United States of America.

PubMed

Hall, Savannah R; Crifasi, Kristen A; Marinelli, Christina M; Yuen, Hon K

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the contents of each state's occupational therapy (OT) regulatory board requirements regarding licensees' acquisition of continuing education units in the United States of America. Data related to continuing education requirements from each OT regulatory board of all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States were reviewed and categorized by two reviewers. Analysis was conducted based on the categorization of the continuing education requirements and activities required, allowed, and not allowed/not mentioned for continuing education units. Findings revealed non-uniformity and inconsistency of continuing education requirements for licensure renewal between OT regulatory boards and was coupled with lack of specific criteria for various continuing education activities. Continuing education requirements were not tailored to meet the needs of individual licensee's current and anticipated professional role and job responsibilities, with a negative bias towards presentation and publication allowed for continuing education units. Few boards mandated continuing education topics on ethics related to OT practice within each renewal cycle. OT regulatory boards should move towards unifying the reporting format of continuing education requirements across all states to reduce ambiguity and to ensure licensees are equipped to provide ethical and competent practice. Efforts could be made to enact continuing education requirements specific to the primary role of a particular licensee. Finally, assigning the amount of continuing education credits to be awarded for different activities should be based on research evidence rather than arbitrary determination.

Separating the Signal from the Noise: An Examination of Student and Teacher Scores Based on Student Learning Objectives (SLOs) in One State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Katie Hills

2015-01-01

Despite the prevalence of student learning objectives (SLOs) in teacher evaluation systems throughout the United States, research on the validity of student and teacher SLO scores used for high-stakes decisions is lacking. For this reason, this dissertation is comprised of two chapters that examine student and teacher-level SLO performance data…

Despite Common Core, States Still Lack Common Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Paul E.; Kaplan, Peter

2013-01-01

Only 35 percent of U.S. 8th graders were identified as proficient in math by the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). According to the most recent calculations available, the United States stands at the 32nd rank in math among nations in the industrialized world. In reading, the U.S. ranks 17th in the world (see "Are U.S.…

Sounds to Share: The State of Music Education in Three Reggio Emilia-Inspired North American Preschools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bond, Vanessa L.

2015-01-01

Renowned around the world, schools within the municipality of Reggio Emilia, Italy, have inspired North American early childhood educators for over 25 years. Despite the popularity and usage of the Reggio Emilia approach in the United States, music educators may find it unfamiliar. There is a lack of research that has discussed the use of music or…

Full Practice Authority for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses is a Gender Issue

PubMed

Rudner Lugo, Nancy

2016-05-04

In the United States, Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulations are determined at the state level, through legislation and rule making. The lack of an evidence base to APRN regulation has resulted in a patchwork of varied regulations and requirements for nurse practitioners. The author begins this article by reviewing the history of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the United States and describing her study that assessed APRN fullpractice authority in states that ratified the ERA versus states that opposed it. She presents the study findings, limitations of the comparison, and discussion of the findings and implications. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that progress toward full APRN practice will require building strategies for political support and framing the need to update APRN regulations in a manner that aligns with each state’s social and political values.

The process of implementation of emergency care units in Brazil.

PubMed

O'Dwyer, Gisele; Konder, Mariana Teixeira; Reciputti, Luciano Pereira; Lopes, Mônica Guimarães Macau; Agostinho, Danielle Fernandes; Alves, Gabriel Farias

2017-12-11

To analyze the process of implementation of emergency care units in Brazil. We have carried out a documentary analysis, with interviews with twenty-four state urgency coordinators and a panel of experts. We have analyzed issues related to policy background and trajectory, players involved in the implementation, expansion process, advances, limits, and implementation difficulties, and state coordination capacity. We have used the theoretical framework of the analysis of the strategic conduct of the Giddens theory of structuration. Emergency care units have been implemented after 2007, initially in the Southeast region, and 446 emergency care units were present in all Brazilian regions in 2016. Currently, 620 emergency care units are under construction, which indicates expectation of expansion. Federal funding was a strong driver for the implementation. The states have planned their emergency care units, but the existence of direct negotiation between municipalities and the Union has contributed with the significant number of emergency care units that have been built but that do not work. In relation to the urgency network, there is tension with the hospital because of the lack of beds in the country, which generates hospitalizations in the emergency care unit. The management of emergency care units is predominantly municipal, and most of the emergency care units are located outside the capitals and classified as Size III. The main challenges identified were: under-funding and difficulty in recruiting physicians. The emergency care unit has the merit of having technological resources and being architecturally differentiated, but it will only succeed within an urgency network. Federal induction has generated contradictory responses, since not all states consider the emergency care unit a priority. The strengthening of the state management has been identified as a challenge for the implementation of the urgency network.

The process of implementation of emergency care units in Brazil

PubMed Central

O'Dwyer, Gisele; Konder, Mariana Teixeira; Reciputti, Luciano Pereira; Lopes, Mônica Guimarães Macau; Agostinho, Danielle Fernandes; Alves, Gabriel Farias

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the process of implementation of emergency care units in Brazil. METHODS We have carried out a documentary analysis, with interviews with twenty-four state urgency coordinators and a panel of experts. We have analyzed issues related to policy background and trajectory, players involved in the implementation, expansion process, advances, limits, and implementation difficulties, and state coordination capacity. We have used the theoretical framework of the analysis of the strategic conduct of the Giddens theory of structuration. RESULTS Emergency care units have been implemented after 2007, initially in the Southeast region, and 446 emergency care units were present in all Brazilian regions in 2016. Currently, 620 emergency care units are under construction, which indicates expectation of expansion. Federal funding was a strong driver for the implementation. The states have planned their emergency care units, but the existence of direct negotiation between municipalities and the Union has contributed with the significant number of emergency care units that have been built but that do not work. In relation to the urgency network, there is tension with the hospital because of the lack of beds in the country, which generates hospitalizations in the emergency care unit. The management of emergency care units is predominantly municipal, and most of the emergency care units are located outside the capitals and classified as Size III. The main challenges identified were: under-funding and difficulty in recruiting physicians. CONCLUSIONS The emergency care unit has the merit of having technological resources and being architecturally differentiated, but it will only succeed within an urgency network. Federal induction has generated contradictory responses, since not all states consider the emergency care unit a priority. The strengthening of the state management has been identified as a challenge for the implementation of the urgency network. PMID:29236876

Freight Data Fusion From Multiple Data Sources For Freight Planning Applications In Florida

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-05-01

A major hurdle in freight demand modeling has always been a lack of adequate data on freight movements for different industry sectors for planning applications. Several data sources are available for freight planning purposes in the United States. Of...

Agricultural Land Conversion: Background and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furuseth, Owen J.

1982-01-01

Analyzes forces contributing to the conversion of agricultural land for other uses, causes for the depletion of the land, major issues surrounding the loss of farmland, and current policies designed to control haphazard land conversion. Concludes that the United States lacks a national farmland protection policy. (KC)

Longevity of Women Superintendents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sethna, Kim C.

2014-01-01

Public schools are facing a leadership crisis regarding the lack of women superintendents in the United States. Although, historically, women have dominated the positions of classroom teachers and outnumbered men in receiving administrative leadership certificates, there is a disproportion in the number of men and women superintendents leading the…

Crop species diversity changes in the United States: 1978-2012

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Anecdotal accounts regarding reduced US cropping system diversity have raised concerns about negative impacts of increasingly homogeneous cropping systems. However, formal analyses to document such changes are lacking. Using US Agriculture Census data, which is collected on 5-year intervals, we qua...

Hitlerism and the German Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neuriter, Paul R.

1999-01-01

An author who comes from the German higher education system offers insights into how it differs from the American higher education system and how certain undesirable characteristics may be avoided in the United States. Topics discussed include student independence, lack of extracurricular activities and campus community, tendency toward…

Uncertainty in Early Occupational Aspirations: Role Exploration or Aimlessness?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staff, Jeremy; Harris, Angel; Sabates, Ricardo; Briddell, Laine

2010-01-01

Many youth in the United States lack clear occupational aspirations. This uncertainty in achievement ambitions may benefit socio-economic attainment if it signifies "role exploration," characterized by career development, continued education and enduring partnerships. By contrast, uncertainty may diminish attainment if it instead leads…

Capital Punishment: An International Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaufman, Edy

1983-01-01

The debate over the death penalty in the United States has implications beyond our borders. Because of the lack of universal standards governing its use, only those countries which have abolished capital punishment may, with any moral authority, denounce its exploitation as an instrument of political expediency. (IS)

Challenges facing the United States of America in implementing universal coverage.

PubMed

Rice, Thomas; Unruh, Lynn Y; Rosenau, Pauline; Barnes, Andrew J; Saltman, Richard B; van Ginneken, Ewout

2014-12-01

In 2010, immediately before the United States of America (USA) implemented key features of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), 18% of its residents younger than 65 years lacked health insurance. In the USA, gaps in health coverage and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to outcomes that often compare unfavourably with those observed in other high-income countries. By March 2014, the ACA had substantially changed health coverage in the USA but most of its main features--health insurance exchanges, Medicaid expansion, development of accountable care organizations and further oversight of insurance companies--remain works in progress. The ACA did not introduce the stringent spending controls found in many European health systems. It also explicitly prohibits the creation of institutes--for the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, health services and technologies--comparable to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Haute Autorité de Santé in France or the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia. The ACA was--and remains--weakened by a lack of cross-party political consensus. The ACA's performance and its resulting acceptability to the general public will be critical to the Act's future.

Reason-Giving and Medical Futility: Contrasting Legal and Social Discourse in the United States With the United Kingdom and Ontario, Canada.

PubMed

Bosslet, Gabriel T; Baker, Mary; Pope, Thaddeus M

2016-09-01

Disputes regarding life-prolonging treatments are stressful for all parties involved. These disagreements are appropriately almost always resolved with intensive communication and negotiation. Those rare cases that are not require a resolution process that ensures fairness and due process. We describe three recent cases from different countries (the United States, United Kingdom, and Ontario, Canada) to qualitatively contrast the legal responses to intractable, policy-level disputes regarding end-of-life care in each of these countries. In so doing, we define the continuum of clinical and social utility among different types of dispute resolution processes and emphasize the importance of public reason-giving in the societal discussion regarding policy-level solutions to end-of-life treatment disputes. We argue that precedential, publicly available, written rulings for these decisions most effectively help to move the social debate forward in a way that is beneficial to clinicians, patients, and citizens. This analysis highlights the lack of such rulings within the United States. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhancing Pediatric Palliative Care for Latino Children and Their Families: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Research and Practice in the United States

PubMed Central

Raisanen, Jessica C.; Donohue, Pamela K.; Boss, Renee D.

2017-01-01

As the demand for pediatric palliative care (PC) increases, data suggest that Latino children are less likely to receive services than non-Latino children. Evidence on how to best provide PC to Latino children is sparse. We conducted a narrative review of literature related to PC for Latino children and their families in the United States. In the United States, Latinos face multiple barriers that affect their receipt of PC, including poverty, lack of access to health insurance, language barriers, discrimination, and cultural differences. Pediatric PC research and clinical initiatives that target the needs of Latino families are sparse, underfunded, but essential. Education of providers on Latino cultural values is necessary. Additionally, advocacy efforts with a focus on equitable care and policy reform are essential to improving the health of this vulnerable population. PMID:29271924

An analysis of the effects of suicide prevention facilities on suicide rates in the United States.

PubMed Central

Miller, H L; Coombs, D W; Leeper, J D; Barton, S N

1984-01-01

Since the 1960s, there has been a massive effort to reduce suicide mortality in the United States through prevention centers which invite suicidal persons to phone for supportive services. In spite of virtually total lack of evidence concerning the efficacy of these services, they proliferated until, by 1973, nearly every metropolitan area in the United States had at least one. Suicide rates increased slightly throughout this time. We studied 1968 through 1973, the years of greatest growth of suicide prevention facilities, comparing suicide rates in counties that added these centers with counties that did not do so. An association of centers with the reduction of suicides in young white females emerged. This finding was replicated on a different set of counties for a different time span. The results are discussed in light of the fact that this group constitutes the major clients of these centers. PMID:6703161

Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zhu, Zhi-Liang; Reed, Bradley C.; Zhu, Zhi-Liang; Reed, Bradley C.

2014-01-01

This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of storage and flux (flow) of carbon and the fluxes of other greenhouse gases in ecosystems of the Eastern United States. These carbon and greenhouse gas variables were examined for major terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands/shrublands, agricultural lands, and wetlands) and aquatic ecosystems (rivers, streams, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters) in the Eastern United States in two time periods: baseline (from 2001 through 2005) and future (projections from the end of the baseline through 2050). The Great Lakes were not included in this assessment due to a lack of input data. The assessment was based on measured and observed data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and many other agencies and organizations and used remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models.

Masturbation in the United States.

PubMed

Das, Aniruddha

2007-01-01

Using data from the nationally representative National Health and Social Life Survey, this study queried the correlates of masturbation in the United States in 1992. Among those aged 18-60, 38% (CI, 35-41) of women and 61% (CI, 57-65) of men reported any masturbation over the preceding year. The system of factors underlying masturbation was similar for both genders, consistent with a convergence in gender patterns of sexual expression in the United States. Among both women and men, masturbation responded to a stable sexualized personality pattern, catalyzed by early-life factors and manifested in current sexual traits. Strikingly, the masturbation-partnered sex linkage, often conceptualized either as compensating for unsatisfying sex or complementing a satisfactory sex life, appeared to be bimodal for both genders. For some, masturbation complemented an active and pleasurable sex life, while among others, it compensated for a lack of partnered sex or satisfaction in sex.

The New Curriculum Standards for Astronomy in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schleigh, Sharon P.; Slater, Stephanie J.; Slater, Timothy F.; Stork, Debra J.

2015-12-01

There is widespread interest in constraining the wide range and vast domain of the possible topics one might teach about astronomy into a manageable framework. Although there is no mandated national curriculum in the United States, an analysis of the three recent national efforts to create an age-appropriate sequence of astronomy concepts to be taught in primary and secondary schools reveals a considerable lack of consensus of which concepts are most age-appropriate and which topics should be covered. The most recent standardization framework for US science education, the Next Generation Science Standards, suggests that most astronomy concepts should be taught only in the last years of one’s education; however, the framework has been met with considerable criticism. A comparison of astronomy learning frameworks in the United States, and a brief discussion of their criticisms, might provide international astronomy educators with comparison data in formulating recommendations in their own regions.

Is more neonatal intensive care always better? Insights from a cross-national comparison of reproductive care.

PubMed

Thompson, Lindsay A; Goodman, David C; Little, George A

2002-06-01

Despite high per capita health care expenditure, the United States has crude infant survival rates that are lower than similarly developed nations. Although differences in vital recording and socioeconomic risk have been studied, a systematic, cross-national comparison of perinatal health care systems is lacking. To characterize systems of reproductive care for the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including a detailed analysis of neonatal intensive care and mortality. Comparison of selected indicators of reproductive care and mortality from 1993-2000 through a systematic review of journal and government publications and structured interviews of leaders in perinatal and neonatal care. Compared with the other 3 countries, the United States has more neonatal intensive care resources yet provides proportionately less support for preconception and prenatal care. Unlike the United States, the other countries provided free family planning services and prenatal and perinatal physician care, and the United Kingdom and Australia paid for all contraception. The United States has high neonatal intensive care capacity, with 6.1 neonatologists per 10 000 live births; Australia, 3.7; Canada, 3.3; and the United Kingdom, 2.7. For intensive care beds, the United States has 3.3 per 10 000 live births; Australia and Canada, 2.6; and the United Kingdom, 0.67. Greater neonatal intensive care resources were not consistently associated with lower birth weight-specific mortality. The relative risk (United States as reference) of neonatal mortality for infants <1000 g was 0.84 for Australia, 1.12 for Canada, and 0.99 for the United Kingdom; for 1000 to 2499 g infants, the relative risk was 0.97 for Australia, 1.26 for Canada, and 0.95 for the United Kingdom. As reported elsewhere, low birth weight rates were notably higher in the United States, partially explaining the high crude mortality rates. The United States has significantly greater neonatal intensive care resources per capita, compared with 3 other developed countries, without having consistently better birth weight-specific mortality. Despite low birth weight rates that exceed other countries, the United States has proportionately more providers per low birth weight infant, but offers less extensive preconception and prenatal services. This study questions the effectiveness of the current distribution of US reproductive care resources and its emphasis on neonatal intensive care.

A comparison of foetal and infant mortality in the United States and Canada.

PubMed

Ananth, Cande V; Liu, Shiliang; Joseph, K S; Kramer, Michael S

2009-04-01

Infant mortality rates are higher in the United States than in Canada. We explored this difference by comparing gestational age distributions and gestational age-specific mortality rates in the two countries. Stillbirth and infant mortality rates were compared for singleton births at >or=22 weeks and newborns weighing>or=500 g in the United States and Canada (1996-2000). Since menstrual-based gestational age appears to misclassify gestational duration and overestimate both preterm and postterm birth rates, and because a clinical estimate of gestation is the only available measure of gestational age in Canada, all comparisons were based on the clinical estimate. Data for California were excluded because they lacked a clinical estimate. Gestational age-specific comparisons were based on the foetuses-at-risk approach. The overall stillbirth rate in the United States (37.9 per 10,000 births) was similar to that in Canada (38.2 per 10,000 births), while the overall infant mortality rate was 23% (95% CI 19-26%) higher (50.8 vs 41.4 per 10,000 births, respectively). The gestational age distribution was left-shifted in the United States relative to Canada; consequently, preterm birth rates were 8.0 and 6.0%, respectively. Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality rates in the United States were lower at term gestation only. However, gestational age-specific late neonatal, post-neonatal and infant mortality rates were higher in the United States at virtually every gestation. The overall stillbirth rates (per 10,000 foetuses at risk) among Blacks and Whites in the United States, and in Canada were 59.6, 35.0 and 38.3, respectively, whereas the corresponding infant mortality rates were 85.6, 49.7 and 42.2, respectively. Differences in gestational age distributions and in gestational age-specific stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States and Canada underscore substantial differences in healthcare services, population health status and health policy between the two neighbouring countries.

Advertising emergency department wait times.

PubMed

Weiner, Scott G

2013-03-01

Advertising emergency department (ED) wait times has become a common practice in the United States. Proponents of this practice state that it is a powerful marketing strategy that can help steer patients to the ED. Opponents worry about the risk to the public health that arises from a patient with an emergent condition self-triaging to a further hospital, problems with inaccuracy and lack of standard definition of the reported time, and directing lower acuity patients to the higher cost ED setting instead to primary care. Three sample cases demonstrating the pitfalls of advertising ED wait times are discussed. Given the lack of rigorous evidence supporting the practice and potential adverse effects to the public health, caution about its use is advised.

Detailing Relational Interactions in Urban Elementary Mathematics Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Battey, Dan; Neal, Rebecca A.

2018-01-01

The lack of quality of instruction in urban mathematics classrooms in the United States has received much attention in the scholarly literature. Other classroom mechanisms such as relational interactions, however, have not received much attention of mathematics education researchers. Relational interactions go above and beyond content instruction…

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL CONDITIONS IN STREAMS AND RIVERS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

Resource managers are often challenged by the lack of adequate benchmarks, or reference conditions, for assessing the biological condition of streams. Increasing human alteration of landscapes reduces the availability of minimally-disturbed stream sites that can be used to repre...

Protein influences on guayule and Hevea natural rubber sol and gel

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) is under cultivation in the southwestern United States as an alternative source of natural rubber free from proteins that cause Type I latex allergies. However, since guayule lacks the protein-polymer interactions present in Hevea latex, its physical and chemical prop...

Countermeasures to mitigate intentional deaths on railroad rights-of-way : lessons learned and next steps

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-11-01

Trespassing is the leading cause of rail-related fatalities in the United States. A large proportion of these trespasser fatalities are from intentional acts (i.e., suicides). With a lack of systematic research and evaluation of the countermeasures t...

Treating Illiteracy in the High Desert of California: A Psychological Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Joe L.

The United States lacks uniform popular definitions of "literacy," remediations, or consensus for national standards. Factors beyond the control of educational and political structures continually modify and dominate discussions of illiteracy and strategies of remediation. In most advanced cultures, alienation and functional illiteracy…

California Dreaming: Latino/a Undocumented Student College Choices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodruff, Maria Luisa

2013-01-01

Undocumented students, lacking United States residency or citizenship, select colleges annually. These students navigate a college application process in California whereby they prove AB 540 residency, take standardized exams, and attend competitive four-year universities without a social security number, a driver's license, or federal financial…

Microbial Survey of a Full-Scale, Biologically Active Filter for Treatment of Drinking Water

EPA Science Inventory

Biological nitrification has been used as a reliable technology in wastewater treatment for decades. Implementing biological approaches to drinking water treatment has faced resistance in the United States due in part to the lack of understanding of microbial processes and conce...

Sensitizing Community College Personnel through Customer Service Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitwood, James P.

Educational institutions rank second among the largest service industries in the United States with more than 9.1 million employees. Unfortunately, higher education institutions have shown a lack of orientation towards clientele service. Okaloosa-Walton Community College (OWCC), a comprehensive college enrolling approximately 16,000 students…

Developing the genomic infrastructure for breeding black raspberry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Over the last 75 years, the black raspberry industry in the United States has steadily declined due to a lack of adapted and disease resistant cultivars. The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. Wil...

Genetic and developing genomic resources in black raspberry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Over the last 75 years, the black raspberry industry in the United States has steadily declined due to lack of adapted and disease resistant cultivars. The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. The U...

23 CFR 200.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... person in the United States, solely because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, has been.... A recipient has failed to meet prescribed requirements and has shown an apparent lack of good faith..., sex, or national origin in programs receiving Federal financial assistance of the type subject to...

23 CFR 200.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... person in the United States, solely because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, has been.... A recipient has failed to meet prescribed requirements and has shown an apparent lack of good faith..., sex, or national origin in programs receiving Federal financial assistance of the type subject to...

23 CFR 200.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... person in the United States, solely because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, has been.... A recipient has failed to meet prescribed requirements and has shown an apparent lack of good faith..., sex, or national origin in programs receiving Federal financial assistance of the type subject to...

23 CFR 200.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... person in the United States, solely because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, has been.... A recipient has failed to meet prescribed requirements and has shown an apparent lack of good faith..., sex, or national origin in programs receiving Federal financial assistance of the type subject to...

23 CFR 200.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... person in the United States, solely because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, has been.... A recipient has failed to meet prescribed requirements and has shown an apparent lack of good faith..., sex, or national origin in programs receiving Federal financial assistance of the type subject to...

James Craig Watson (1838-1880)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broughton, Peter

1996-04-01

Canadians feel a bittersweet pride when young people leave to make their fame and fortune in the United States. The life of the eminent nineteenth century astronomer, J. C. Watson, is another example from history that our brightest and best emigrate when educational and career opportunities are lacking at home.

America's Infant-Mortality Puzzle.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eberstadt, Nicholas

1991-01-01

Conventional explanations attributing the high infant mortality rate in United States to the prevalence of poverty and lack of adequate health care do not tell the whole story. Contributions of parental behavior, lifestyles, and public health care availability versus utilization must be examined in determining public policies to address the…

The Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset: Consistent, binational watersheds for the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin

EPA Science Inventory

Ecosystem-based management of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which spans both the United States and Canada, is hampered by the lack of consistent binational watersheds for the entire Basin. Using comparable data sources and consistent methods we developed spatially equivalent waters...

Developing genetic and genomic resources in black raspberry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Over the last 75 years, the black raspberry industry in the United States has steadily declined due to lack of adapted and disease resistant cultivars. The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. The ...

Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues.

PubMed

Beck, Teresa L; Le, Thien-Kim; Henry-Okafor, Queen; Shah, Megha K

2017-03-01

The number of undocumented immigrants (UIs) varies worldwide, and most reside in the United States. With more than 12 million UIs in the United States, addressing the health care needs of this population presents unique challenges and opportunities. Most UIs are uninsured and rely on the safety-net health system for their care. Because of young age, this population is often considered to be healthier than the overall US population, but they have specific health conditions and risks. Adequate coverage is lacking; however, there are examples of how to better address the health care needs of UIs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Medical school libraries in the United States and Canada built between 1961 and 1971.

PubMed Central

Beatty, W K; Beatty, V L

1975-01-01

Twenty-four medical school libraries in the United States and Canada built between 1961 and 1971 were surveyed by means of questionnaires and visits. Results indicated that half of these libraries will have reached maximum functional capacity approximately six years after they moved into their new quarters. Space for technical processing is generally much less than required. Special features and examples of effective planning are described, and problems in arrangement, traffic patterns for people and materials, and the lack of logical expansion space are discussed. Comparisons are made with a similar survey of twenty medical school libraries made in 1961. Images PMID:1191825

Plentern mit Kiefern--Ergebnisse aus den USA [Plentering with pines--results from the United States

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; Don C. Bragg; Andreas Zingg

2017-01-01

Until now, scientifically reliable data on plentering of light-demanding tree species in Europe have been lacking. This gap is filled with long-term trials from the USA, among others with southern yellow pines. In the southern state of Arkansas, two plots of 16 hectares were installed in 1936, in the context of a large-scale trial of mixed loblolly pine (...

The United States Army Medical Department Journal, January - March 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

and performing routine chemistry testing for moisture, protein, fat , and solids. Chemistry methods range from simple extractions for percent fat ...States and abroad. The risk for food and waterborne disease is greatest in regions with fractured public health and veterinary infrastructure, lack of a...surgery during the deployment. Two aural hematoma repairs, an extraction of an abscessed tooth, and a root canal on a fractured canine tooth were

Policies Governing Military Food Service Contracts Effect Soldier Readiness

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

Culinary Center of Excellence1 When the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Army drafted the 2010 Army Posture Statement and stated, “The Army must...professional training acquired at Fort Lee’s Joint Culinary Center of Excellence. Additionally, when not performing their trained skills, they become the...used by the United States Quartermaster School’s Joint Culinary Center of Excellence dispelling any possible competency shortfalls or lack of

Ukraine’s Search for its Place in Europe: The East or the West?

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

Slovakia, Poland and Romania . European national histories show that states have not always been continuous, administrative boundaries change...process of state-building in Ukraine has lacked the necessary spiritual foundation, that is one United Ukrainian Orthodox Church…the development of...communities are Christian.55 About half are in the Orthodox tradition. The other half is divided among Catholics and Protestants. There are three major

Nature and Utilization of Civil Commitment for Substance Abuse in the United States.

PubMed

Christopher, Paul P; Pinals, Debra A; Stayton, Taylor; Sanders, Kellie; Blumberg, Lester

2015-09-01

Substance abuse is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although civil commitment has been used to address substance abuse for more than a century, little is known today about the nature and use of substance-related commitment laws in the United States. We examined statutes between July 2010 and October 2012 from all 50 states and the District of Columbia for provisions authorizing civil commitment of adults for substance abuse and recorded the criteria and evidentiary standard for commitment and the location and the maximum duration of commitment orders. High-level state representatives evaluated these data and provided information on the use of commitment. Thirty-three states have statutory provisions for the civil commitment of persons because of substance abuse. The application of these statutes ranged from a few commitment cases to thousands annually. Although dangerousness was the most common basis for commitment, many states permitted it in other contexts. The maximum duration of treatment ranged from less than 1 month to more than 1 year for both initial and subsequent civil commitment orders. These findings show wide variability in the nature and application of civil commitment statutes for substance abuse in the United States. Such diversity reflects a lack of consensus on the role that civil commitment should play in managing substance abuse and the problems associated with it. © 2015 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Promoting Physical Activity in Afterschool Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beighle, Aaron; Beets, Michael W.; Erwin, Heather E.; Huberty, Jennifer; Moore, Justin B.; Stellino, Megan

2010-01-01

Children in the United States are not engaging in sufficient amounts of routine physical activity, and this lack is an emerging public health concern (Strong, Malina, Blimkie, Daniels, Dishman, Gutin, et al., 2005). Efforts to increase the physical activity levels of children and adolescents has become a national priority, attracting attention…

The Centennial Essay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thurow, Lester

1991-01-01

The dean of MIT's Sloan School of Management, Lester Thurow, is a world-class economist and author of books advocating the need for a more competitive U.S. economy. The United States is the only industrial country lacking a postsecondary education system for noncollege bound students. In a world economy, student quality matters more than natural…

Parental Advocacy for Students with Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barclift, Coriann

2010-01-01

Students attending schools in the United States who have autism would benefit from increased parental involvement to enhance their learning. There is a lack of research regarding parental advocacy on behalf of students with autism. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences and perceptions of parents who have…

Expanding Access

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roach, Ronald

2007-01-01

There is no question that the United States lags behind most industrialized nations in consumer access to broadband Internet service. For many policy makers and activists, this shortfall marks the latest phase in the struggle to overcome the digital divide. To remedy this lack of broadband affordability and availability, one start-up firm--with…

Reconsidering rest following fire: Northern mixed-grass prairie is resilient to grazing following spring wildfire

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Current federal post-fire land management recommendations in the United States suggest that rangelands be rested from grazing for two growing seasons following fire to allow for proper recovery, despite the lack of empirical literature supporting this recommendation. This project was designed to de...

Punching Out.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, David

2000-01-01

Presents the story of the number one for-profit school in the United States, the Thomas A. Edison Charter Academy. Teachers had a heavier workload, but better pay and perks. Shortly after opening, many teachers were discontent with the long days and calendar, lack of follow through on promised benefits, and other issues. Reactions to this…

Preparing Daughters: The Context of Rurality on Mothers' Role in Contraception

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noone, Joanne; Young, Heather M.

2009-01-01

Context: The United States continues to have the highest rate of adolescent childbearing among developed countries. Lack of access and disadvantage contribute to this problem, which disproportionately impacts rural women. Given the increased difficulty rural young women face regarding contraceptive access, parental communication and support play…

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF METHANE EMISSION RATES FROM RESERVOIRS IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

Reservoirs are a globally significant source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but regional and global emission estimates are poorly constrained due to high variability in emission rates among reservoirs and a lack of measurements in some areas geographic areas. Methane emissi...

Cocaine smuggling from Bolivia to Atlantic ports may exploit commercial trade on Mercosur Hidrovia, lacking a waterways management strategy

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-10-01

Bolivian cocaine production has been increasing and Argentine traffickers are playing a greater role in direct exportation of Bolivian cocaine to the United States and Europe. Development of the Paraguay-Parana river system (Hidrovia) into an efficie...

Teachers' Perceptions, Teaching Practices, and Learning Opportunities for Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ko, Bomna; Boswell, Boni

2013-01-01

Lack of expertise of general physical educators relative to teaching students with disabilities in inclusive general physical education (GPE) has been identified as a major challenge affecting the implementation of inclusion in the United States (Block & Obrusnikova, 2007). Several studies indicated that insufficient inclusion training (Hodge,…

Genetic characterization of reniform nematode resistance for Gossypium arboreum accession PI 417895

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is an important root pathogen of cotton in the southeastern United States and management is hindered by the lack of host-plant resistance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The G. arboreum germplasm collection is an important source of resistance. Tra...

Ending School Avoidance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casoli-Reardon, Michele; Rappaport, Nancy; Kulick, Deborah; Reinfeld, Sarah

2012-01-01

School truancy--defined by a student's refusal to attend part or all of the school day, along with a defined number of unexcused absences--is an increasingly frustrating and complex problem for teachers and school administrators. Although statistics on the prevalence of truancy in the United States do not exist due to lack of uniformity among…

Evaluating unsupervised and supervised image classification methods for mapping cotton root rot

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cotton root rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is one of the most destructive plant diseases occurring throughout the southwestern United States. This disease has plagued the cotton industry for over a century, but effective practices for its control are still lacking. R...

Incorporating Integrative Health Services in Social Work Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gant, Larry; Benn, Rita; Gioia, Deborah; Seabury, Brett

2009-01-01

More than one third of Americans practice complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Social workers continue to provide most first-line health, mental health, and psychological referral and direct practice services in the United States, despite a lack of systematic education and training opportunities in CAM. Schools of social work are…

Parent-Child Cultural Marginalization and Depressive Symptoms in Asian American Family Members

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Su Yeong; Gonzales, Nancy A.; Stroh, Kunise; Wang, Jenny Jiun-Ling

2006-01-01

The current study findings refute the recent claim that marginality theory lacks construct validity. Cultural marginalization is significantly related to depressive symptoms in Korean American, Chinese American, and Japanese American parents and adolescents living in the United States. Correlational analyses indicate that adolescents' depressive…

Good Teaching Starts Here: Applied Learning at the Graduate Teaching Assistant Institute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Michele A.; Ashe, Diana; Boersma, Jess; Hicks, Robert; Bennett, Victoria

2015-01-01

Increasingly, graduate teaching assistants serve as the primary instructors in undergraduate courses, yet research has shown that training and development for these teaching assistants is often lacking in programs throughout the United States and Canada. Providing mentoring and skill development opportunities for graduate teaching assistants is…

Providing technical assistance in an environment of uncertainty : a case study in coordinating transportation and land use.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This study examined the feasibility of just one approach to coordinating transportation and land use planning. The lack of such coordination in the United States has been the subject of much criticism. In rural areas, the locality usually controls la...

Animal-Assisted Stress Reduction Programs in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haggerty, Julie M.; Mueller, Megan Kiely

2017-01-01

This study investigated the prevalence of increasingly popular animal-assisted stress relief programs at higher education institutions across the United States. Although research on animal-assisted programs is increasing, there is still a lack of information documenting implementation of these programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to…

Salaries and Benefits in the Youth Development Field, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Collaboration for Youth, Washington, DC.

The National Collaboration for Youth is a coalition of 17 of the largest national youth-serving organizations in the United States. Comparative data on community-based, youth-development organizations has been lacking. This report presents findings of a study that measured the compensation, benefits, minimum educational requirements, number of…

Some Models for Interpreting the History of Compulsory Schooling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyack, David B.

Five models are postulated for interpreting the three historical stages in the development of compulsory schooling in the United States. These three stages include (1) a symbolic stage where compulsory public school education began to gain strength but lacked enforcement procedures, (2) a bureaucratic phase beginning around 1900 where new…

Analysis of alternative coordination methods at border ports of entry between the United States and Mexico.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

Phase 1: To identify the intersectorial coordination problems between public agencies in Mexico, the problems that originate from the lack of Bi-national Coordination at the Border Ports of Entry, and the costs derived from these problems. Phase 2: T...

Health Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Icelandic School Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Kristjansson, Alfgeir Logi; Allegrante, John P.

2007-01-01

Interest in the relationship between health behaviours and academic achievement has recently intensified in the face of an epidemic of childhood and adolescent obesity and converging school reforms in the United States and other nations with advanced economies. Epidemiologic research has demonstrated that poor diet and lack of adequate physical…

An Exploratory Look at Graduate Public Relations Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aldoory, Linda; Toth, Elizabeth L.

2000-01-01

Conducts a content analysis of web pages to examine 26 United States Masters degree programs in public relations for their degree requirements, core courses, public relations courses, and optional courses. Finds a lack of adherence to the recommendations of the Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education. (NH)

Mental Disorder Among Homeless Persons in the United States: An Overview of Recent Empirical Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Marjorie J.

1986-01-01

Reviews literature on the homeless reporting higher rates of psychiatric disorder, psychological distress, and previous psychiatric hospitalization compared to the general population. However, understandardized methodology and lack of consistent findings across studies prohibit reliable prevalence estimates of mental disorder among the homeless.…

Building a Metrics-Enabled Marketing Curriculum: The Cornerstone Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilling, Bruce K.; Rigdon, Edward E.; Brightman, Harvey J.

2012-01-01

The lack of analytical preparation of marketing students was a key concern at a large, public university in southeastern United States, leading to the decision to create a new required undergraduate marketing metrics course. This article describes the development of that course, designed specifically to strengthen analytical skills across the…

Back Home on the Range.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breining, Greg

1992-01-01

Presents the history of the buffalo's demise and reemergence in the United States and Canada. Discusses the problems facing herds today caused by a small genetic pool, disease, range concerns, lack of predation, and culling. Points out the benefits of buffalo raising as compared to cattle raising, including the marketing advantages. (MCO)

Probability of Corporal Punishment: Lack of Resources and Vulnerable Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Han, Seunghee

2011-01-01

The author examined corporal punishment practices in the United States based on data from 362 public school principals where corporal punishment is available. Results from multiple regression analyses show that schools with multiple student violence prevention programs and teacher training programs had fewer possibilities of use corporal…

The Geographic Polarization of American Voters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearson-Merkowitz, Shanna; Lang, Corey

2016-01-01

For the past two decades, the presidency and both houses of Congress have been hotly contested by the two major political parties. Yet, geographically, the United States seems to be increasingly marked by "red" areas where the Democratic Party lacks any ability to even dream of winning office and "blue" areas where the…

Catalyst for Change: Perceptions of Postgraduate Education among Guam's Filipino Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Rowena Pena Vega

2012-01-01

Filipino people's association with the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) population contributes to why they are overlooked in social sciences research. Particularly, academic literature on Filipino women living in the United States and Guam is lacking; therefore, programs, supports, and practices geared toward understanding and addressing…

syNErgy: A Case Study in Workforce Curriculum Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Killingsworth, John; Grosskopf, Kevin R.

2013-01-01

With high unemployment and structural changes to industry, workforce development in the United States is a growing concern. Many semiskilled workers lack knowledge, skills, and abilities to be competitive for reemployment to green jobs. Nebraska's syNErgy research grant was introduced to address the training needs of unemployed and underemployed…

Is Education the Key to Global Economic Competitiveness?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathis, William J.

2011-01-01

Contemporary test-based reforms are often grounded in the claim that test performance is the key to international economic competitiveness. However, this oft-repeated assertion lacks empirical support. According to the World Economic Forum, the United States' recent loss of economic competitiveness standing is due to macroeconomic instability…

Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for pondberry

Treesearch

Brian Roy Lockhart; Emile S. Gardiner; Theran P. Stautz; Theodore D. Leininger; Paul B. Hamel; Kristina F. Connor; Nathan M. Schiff; A. Dan Wilson; Margaret S. Devall

2007-01-01

Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume) is a federally listed endangered shrub found as isolated populations in seasonally flooded forests across the Southeastern United States. Because this shrub is rare, it has received little research attention, and basic knowledge of its ecology and physiology is lacking. To facilitate future ecological...

Exploring Mathematical Capital: An Essential Construct for Mathematical Success?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baber, Marla Ann Lasswell

2017-01-01

In the United States students have traditionally struggled with mathematics. Many students leave the educational system with limited mathematical literacy that can adversely affect their success as a college student, a consumer and citizen. In turn, lack of mathematical literacy affects their socioeconomic status. Through improving their…

Pure and Applied Physics and Chemistry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winkel, Lois

1998-01-01

Argues that K-12 students in the United States will continue to lack essential science knowledge until teachers are more knowledgeable about science, science curricula are restructured, and more varied science books are available. Highlights print and Web resources dealing with earthquakes and volcanoes, the heart, science experiments at home, and…

The diminishing role of hubs in dynamical processes on complex networks.

PubMed

Quax, Rick; Apolloni, Andrea; Sloot, Peter M A

2013-11-06

It is notoriously difficult to predict the behaviour of a complex self-organizing system, where the interactions among dynamical units form a heterogeneous topology. Even if the dynamics of each microscopic unit is known, a real understanding of their contributions to the macroscopic system behaviour is still lacking. Here, we develop information-theoretical methods to distinguish the contribution of each individual unit to the collective out-of-equilibrium dynamics. We show that for a system of units connected by a network of interaction potentials with an arbitrary degree distribution, highly connected units have less impact on the system dynamics when compared with intermediately connected units. In an equilibrium setting, the hubs are often found to dictate the long-term behaviour. However, we find both analytically and experimentally that the instantaneous states of these units have a short-lasting effect on the state trajectory of the entire system. We present qualitative evidence of this phenomenon from empirical findings about a social network of product recommendations, a protein-protein interaction network and a neural network, suggesting that it might indeed be a widespread property in nature.

Diabatic Initialization of Mesoscale Models in the Southeastern United States: Can 0 to 12h Warm Season QPF be Improved?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lapenta, William M.; Bradshaw, Tom; Burks, Jason; Darden, Chris; Dembek, Scott

2003-01-01

It is well known that numerical warm season quantitative precipitation forecasts lack significant skill for numerous reasons. Some are related to the model--it may lack physical processes required to realistically simulate convection or the numerical algorithms and dynamics employed may not be adequate. Others are related to initialization-mesoscale features play an important role in convective initialization and atmospheric observation systems are incapable of properly depicting the three-dimensional stability structure at the mesoscale. The purpose of this study is to determine if a mesoscale model initialized with a diabatic initialization scheme can improve short-term (0 to 12h) warm season quantitative precipitation forecasts in the Southeastern United States. The Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) developed at the Forecast System Laboratory is used to diabatically initialize the Pennsylvania State University/National center for Atmospheric Research (PSUNCAR) Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5). The SPORT Center runs LAPS operationally on an hourly cycle to produce analyses on a 15 km covering the eastern 2/3 of the United States. The 20 km National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Rapid Update Cycle analyses are used for the background fields. Standard observational data are acquired from MADIS with GOES/CRAFT Nexrad data acquired from in-house feeds. The MM5 is configured on a 140 x 140 12 km grid centered on Huntsville Alabama. Preliminary results indicate that MM5 runs initialized with LAPS produce improved 6 and 12h QPF threat scores compared with those initialized with the NCEP RUC.

Magnetic properties of the upper mantle beneath the continental United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friedman, S. A.; Ferre, E. C.; Demory, F.; Rochette, P.; Martin Hernandez, F.; Conder, J. A.

2012-12-01

The interpretation of long wavelength satellite magnetic data (Magsat, Oersted, CHAMP, SWARM) requires an understanding of magnetic mineralogy in the lithospheric mantle and reliable models of induced and remanent magnetic sources in the lithospheric mantle and the crust. Blakely et al. (2005) proposed the hypothesis of a magnetic lithospheric mantle in subduction zones. This prompted us to reexamine magnetic sources in the lithospheric mantle in different tectonic settings where unaltered mantle xenolith have been reported since the 1990s. Xenoliths from the upper mantle beneath the continental United States show different magnetic properties depending on the tectonic setting in which they equilibrated. Three localities in the South Central United States (San Carlos, AZ; Kilbourne Hole, NM; Knippa, TX) produced lherzolite and harzburgite xenoliths, while the Bearpaw Mountains in Montana (subduction zone) produced dunite and phlogopite-rich dunite xenoliths. Paleomagnetic data on these samples shows the lack of secondary alteration which is commonly caused by post-eruption serpentinization and the lack of basalt contamination. The main magnetic carrier is pure magnetite. The ascent of mantle xenoliths to the surface of the Earth generally takes only a few hours. Numerical modelling shows that nucleation of magnetite during ascent would form superparamagnetic grains and therefore cannot explain the observed magnetic grain sizes. This implies that the ferromagnetic phases present in the studied samples formed at mantle depth. The samples from the South Central United States exhibit a small range in low-field magnetic susceptibility (+/- 0.00003 [SI]), and Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) between 0.001 - 0.100 A/m. To the contrary samples from the Bearpaw Mountains exhibit a wider range of low-field susceptibilities (0.00001 to 0.0015 [SI]) and NRM (0.01 and 9.00 A/m). These samples have been serpentinized in-situ by metasomatic fluids related to the Farallon plate (Facer et al., 2009). Hence, the magnetic properties of the lithospheric mantle beneath the continental United States differ significantly depending on tectonic setting. The combination of the low geotherm observed in the Bearpaw Mountains with the stronger induced and remanent magnetization of mantle rocks in this area may produce a detectable LWMA.

Honoring our donors: a survey of memorial ceremonies in United States anatomy programs.

PubMed

Jones, Trahern W; Lachman, Nirusha; Pawlina, Wojciech

2014-01-01

Many anatomy programs that incorporate dissection of donated human bodies hold memorial ceremonies of gratitude towards body donors. The content of these ceremonies may include learners' reflections on mortality, respect, altruism, and personal growth told through various humanities modalities. The task of planning is usually student- and faculty-led with participation from other health care students. Objective information on current memorial ceremonies for body donors in anatomy programs in the United States appears to be lacking. The number of programs in the United States that currently plan these memorial ceremonies and information on trends in programs undertaking such ceremonies remain unknown. Gross anatomy program directors throughout the United States were contacted and asked to respond to a voluntary questionnaire on memorial ceremonies held at their institution. The results (response rate 68.2%) indicated that a majority of human anatomy programs (95.5%) hold memorial ceremonies. These ceremonies are, for the most part, student-driven and nondenominational or secular in nature. Participants heavily rely upon speech, music, poetry, and written essays, with a small inclusion of other humanities modalities, such as dance or visual art, to explore a variety of themes during these ceremonies. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.

Overview of drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years 1986-90

USGS Publications Warehouse

Holmes, Sandra L.

1992-01-01

This report describes the drought and hydrologic conditions in the United States and southern Canada during the 1986-90 water years. This drought, which spread from the Eastern United States, where it was referred to as 'the drought of the century,' through the Midwest to the West Coast, brought to mind the Dust Bowl era of the 1930's. However, generally localized floods were numerous, but only one hurricane (Hugo) was of any consequence to the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands during a coincident period of anomalously low hurricane activity. The drought began in early 1984 as an 'agricultural drought,' which is a precipitation deficiency that results in a lack of soil moisture that is detrimental to agricultural production. This condition did not affect streamflow until about March or April 1986. A 'hydrological drought,' which is far more serious and widespread than an agricultural drought, was apparent from the low streamflow conditions that occurred after April 1986. To illustrate the changing nature of the drought, maps and synopses of monthly hydrologic conditions for the water years 1986-90 are presented.

Community Health Workers in the United States: Challenges in Identifying, Surveying, and Supporting the Workforce.

PubMed

Sabo, Samantha; Allen, Caitlin G; Sutkowi, Katherine; Wennerstrom, Ashley

2017-12-01

Community health workers (CHWs) are members of a growing profession in the United States. Studying this dynamic labor force is challenging, in part because its members have more than 100 different job titles. The demand for timely, accurate information about CHWs is increasing as the profession gains recognition for its ability to improve health outcomes and reduce costs. Although numerous surveys of CHWs have been conducted, the field lacks well-delineated methods for gaining access to this hard-to-identify workforce. We outline methods for surveying CHWs and promising approaches to engage the workforce and other stakeholders in conducting local, state, and national studies. We also highlight successful strategies to overcome challenges in CHW surveys and future directions for surveying the field.

Velocity Model for CO2 Sequestration in the Southeastern United States Atlantic Continental Margin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ollmann, J.; Knapp, C. C.; Almutairi, K.; Almayahi, D.; Knapp, J. H.

2017-12-01

The sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is emerging as a major player in offsetting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. With 40% of the United States' anthropogenic CO2 emissions originating in the southeast, characterizing potential CO2 sequestration sites is vital to reducing the United States' emissions. The goal of this research project, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), is to estimate the CO2 storage potential for the Southeastern United States Atlantic Continental Margin. Previous studies find storage potential in the Atlantic continental margin. Up to 16 Gt and 175 Gt of storage potential are estimated for the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Cretaceous formations, respectively. Considering 2.12 Mt of CO2 are emitted per year by the United States, substantial storage potential is present in the Southeastern United States Atlantic Continental Margin. In order to produce a time-depth relationship, a velocity model must be constructed. This velocity model is created using previously collected seismic reflection, refraction, and well data in the study area. Seismic reflection horizons were extrapolated using well log data from the COST GE-1 well. An interpolated seismic section was created using these seismic horizons. A velocity model will be made using P-wave velocities from seismic reflection data. Once the time-depth conversion is complete, the depths of stratigraphic units in the seismic refraction data will be compared to the newly assigned depths of the seismic horizons. With a lack of well control in the study area, the addition of stratigraphic unit depths from 171 seismic refraction recording stations provides adequate data to tie to the depths of picked seismic horizons. Using this velocity model, the seismic reflection data can be presented in depth in order to estimate the thickness and storage potential of CO2 reservoirs in the Southeastern United States Atlantic Continental Margin.

Medical tourism today: what is the state of existing knowledge?

PubMed

Hopkins, Laura; Labonté, Ronald; Runnels, Vivien; Packer, Corinne

2010-07-01

One manifestation of globalization is medical tourism. As its implications remain largely unknown, we reviewed claimed benefits and risks. Driven by high health-care costs, long waiting periods, or lack of access to new therapies in developed countries, most medical tourists (largely from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe) seek care in Asia and Latin America. Although individual patient risks may be offset by credentialing and sophistication in (some) destination country facilities, lack of benefits to poorer citizens in developing countries offering medical tourism remains a generic equity issue. Data collection, measures, and studies of medical tourism all need to be greatly improved if countries are to assess better both the magnitude and potential health implications of this trade.

Novel oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation.

PubMed

How, Choon How

2015-12-01

Anticoagulation therapy is effective in preventing primary and secondary thromboembolic events due to atrial fibrillation. Warfarin, which was approved by the United States in 1954, was the only long-term oral anticoagulation therapy till the approval of dabigatran in 2010, and of rivaroxaban and other direct factor Xa inhibitors from 2011, forming a group known as novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC). NOAC have fewer food and drug interactions compared to warfarin; hence, the patient will require fewer clinic visits. However, the short half-life of NOAC means that twice-a-day dosing is needed and there is higher risk of a prothrombotic state when doses are missed. Other disadvantages are the lack of long-term data on NOAC, their high cost and the current lack of locally available antidotes.

Advertising Emergency Department Wait Times

PubMed Central

Weiner, Scott G.

2013-01-01

Advertising emergency department (ED) wait times has become a common practice in the United States. Proponents of this practice state that it is a powerful marketing strategy that can help steer patients to the ED. Opponents worry about the risk to the public health that arises from a patient with an emergent condition self-triaging to a further hospital, problems with inaccuracy and lack of standard definition of the reported time, and directing lower acuity patients to the higher cost ED setting instead to primary care. Three sample cases demonstrating the pitfalls of advertising ED wait times are discussed. Given the lack of rigorous evidence supporting the practice and potential adverse effects to the public health, caution about its use is advised. PMID:23599836

Mental Capacity Assessments Among Inpatients Referred to the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Unit at a University Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

PubMed

Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira; Singhakant, Supachoke

2017-03-01

Clinicians routinely assess patients' mental capacity on a daily basis, but a more thorough assessment may be needed in complex cases. We aimed to identify the characteristics of inpatients in a general hospital, who were referred to a liaison psychiatry service for mental capacity assessment, reasons for the referrals, and the factors associated with their mental capacity. A 6-year retrospective study (2008-2013) was conducted using data collected routinely (e.g., age, gender, diagnosis, Thai Mental State Examination score, reasons for the referral, and the outcome of capacity assessment) on referrals for mental capacity assessment to a Consultation-liaison Psychiatry Unit at a university hospital in Thailand. Among 6194 consecutive referrals to the liaison-psychiatry services, only 0.6 % [n = 37, mean age (SD), 59.83 (20.42)] were referred for capacity assessment, 43.24 % of which lacked mental capacity. The most common requests from referring physicians were for assessment of testamentary capacity (15 assessed, 53.33 % lacking capacity), financial management capacity (14 assessed, 50 % lacking capacity), and capacity to consent to treatment (9 assessed, 22.22 % lacking capacity). Delirium, rather than dementia or other mental disorders, was associated with mental incapacity (p < 0.001) and being more dependent during the admission (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences for mean age (p = 0.257) or Thai Mental State Examination score (p = 0.206). The main request from referring clinicians was to assess testamentary capacity. Delirium and being more dependent during the admission were associated with lack of mental capacity, whereas age and dementia were not.

Challenges facing the United States of America in implementing universal coverage

PubMed Central

Unruh, Lynn Y; Rosenau, Pauline; Barnes, Andrew J; Saltman, Richard B; van Ginneken, Ewout

2014-01-01

Abstract In 2010, immediately before the United States of America (USA) implemented key features of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), 18% of its residents younger than 65 years lacked health insurance. In the USA, gaps in health coverage and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to outcomes that often compare unfavourably with those observed in other high-income countries. By March 2014, the ACA had substantially changed health coverage in the USA but most of its main features – health insurance exchanges, Medicaid expansion, development of accountable care organizations and further oversight of insurance companies – remain works in progress. The ACA did not introduce the stringent spending controls found in many European health systems. It also explicitly prohibits the creation of institutes – for the assessment of the cost–effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, health services and technologies – comparable to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Haute Autorité de Santé in France or the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia. The ACA was – and remains – weakened by a lack of cross-party political consensus. The ACA’s performance and its resulting acceptability to the general public will be critical to the Act’s future. PMID:25552773

Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf

PubMed Central

vonHoldt, Bridgett M.; Cahill, James A.; Fan, Zhenxin; Gronau, Ilan; Robinson, Jacqueline; Pollinger, John P.; Shapiro, Beth; Wall, Jeff; Wayne, Robert K.

2016-01-01

Protection of populations comprising admixed genomes is a challenge under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which is regarded as the most powerful species protection legislation ever passed in the United States but lacks specific provisions for hybrids. The eastern wolf is a newly recognized wolf-like species that is highly admixed and inhabits the Great Lakes and eastern United States, a region previously thought to be included in the geographic range of only the gray wolf. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has argued that the presence of the eastern wolf, rather than the gray wolf, in this area is grounds for removing ESA protection (delisting) from the gray wolf across its geographic range. In contrast, the red wolf from the southeastern United States was one of the first species protected under the ESA and was protected despite admixture with coyotes. We use whole-genome sequence data to demonstrate a lack of unique ancestry in eastern and red wolves that would not be expected if they represented long divergent North American lineages. These results suggest that arguments for delisting the gray wolf are not valid. Our findings demonstrate how a strict designation of a species under the ESA that does not consider admixture can threaten the protection of endangered entities. We argue for a more balanced approach that focuses on the ecological context of admixture and allows for evolutionary processes to potentially restore historical patterns of genetic variation. PMID:29713682

Education, implementation, and policy barriers to greater integration of palliative care: A literature review.

PubMed

Aldridge, Melissa D; Hasselaar, Jeroen; Garralda, Eduardo; van der Eerden, Marlieke; Stevenson, David; McKendrick, Karen; Centeno, Carlos; Meier, Diane E

2016-03-01

Early integration of palliative care into the management of patients with serious disease has the potential to both improve quality of life of patients and families and reduce healthcare costs. Despite these benefits, significant barriers exist in the United States to the early integration of palliative care in the disease trajectory of individuals with serious illness. To provide an overview of the barriers to more widespread palliative care integration in the United States. A literature review using PubMed from 2005 to March 2015 augmented by primary data collected from 405 hospitals included in the Center to Advance Palliative Care's National Palliative Care Registry for years 2012 and 2013. We use the World Health Organization's Public Health Strategy for Palliative Care as a framework for analyzing barriers to palliative care integration. We identified key barriers to palliative care integration across three World Health Organization domains: (1) education domain: lack of adequate education/training and perception of palliative care as end-of-life care; (2) implementation domain: inadequate size of palliative medicine-trained workforce, challenge of identifying patients appropriate for palliative care referral, and need for culture change across settings; (3) policy domain: fragmented healthcare system, need for greater funding for research, lack of adequate reimbursement for palliative care, and regulatory barriers. We describe the key policy and educational opportunities in the United States to address and potentially overcome the barriers to greater integration of palliative care into the healthcare of Americans with serious illness. © The Author(s) 2015.

Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf.

PubMed

vonHoldt, Bridgett M; Cahill, James A; Fan, Zhenxin; Gronau, Ilan; Robinson, Jacqueline; Pollinger, John P; Shapiro, Beth; Wall, Jeff; Wayne, Robert K

2016-07-01

Protection of populations comprising admixed genomes is a challenge under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which is regarded as the most powerful species protection legislation ever passed in the United States but lacks specific provisions for hybrids. The eastern wolf is a newly recognized wolf-like species that is highly admixed and inhabits the Great Lakes and eastern United States, a region previously thought to be included in the geographic range of only the gray wolf. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has argued that the presence of the eastern wolf, rather than the gray wolf, in this area is grounds for removing ESA protection (delisting) from the gray wolf across its geographic range. In contrast, the red wolf from the southeastern United States was one of the first species protected under the ESA and was protected despite admixture with coyotes. We use whole-genome sequence data to demonstrate a lack of unique ancestry in eastern and red wolves that would not be expected if they represented long divergent North American lineages. These results suggest that arguments for delisting the gray wolf are not valid. Our findings demonstrate how a strict designation of a species under the ESA that does not consider admixture can threaten the protection of endangered entities. We argue for a more balanced approach that focuses on the ecological context of admixture and allows for evolutionary processes to potentially restore historical patterns of genetic variation.

Providing library services in a time of fiscal crisis: alternatives.

PubMed Central

Cheshier, R G

1977-01-01

The nature of the fiscal crisis in health science libraries in the United States is in part due to the style of management in these libraries, in part due to the lack of user identification, in part due to the lack of economically valid fees for service, and in part due to the success of the Biomedical Communications Network. These issues are discussed in terms of how they might be approached. A pragmatic stance is advocated for practitioners, the MLA, the NLM, and library schools to jointly address the questions raised. PMID:901951

There's something about Molly: The underresearched yet popular powder form of ecstasy in the United States.

PubMed

Palamar, Joseph J

2017-01-01

Molly has been the street name for powder or crystalline ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in the United States since the early 2000s; however, few studies have examined Molly use or included Molly in the definition of ecstasy/MDMA. Prevalence of self-reported ecstasy use is being underreported on surveys due to the lack of inclusion of "Molly," although Molly is often so adulterated with novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cathinones ("bath salts") that the name "Molly" may no longer adequately represent ecstasy/MDMA. The author recommends that Molly use and Molly purity be further studied to more adequately inform prevention and harm reduction.

Instructional Alignment of Workplace Readiness Skills in Career and Technical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Sarah Jane

2009-01-01

The United States faces a skills shortage that goes beyond academic and technical skills. Employers report entry-level workers lack the necessary "soft" skills, also referred to as workplace readiness skills, needed for success in the workforce; thus, calling on educational institutions to make improvements in high school curriculum in…

US Directory of Foreign Language Education Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grosse, Christine Uber

The preparation of a directory of foreign language education programs was a response to the lack of an information source for location or curricular content of programs in foreign language pedagogy, and followed the lead of other associations in the United States and abroad in compiling such information. Despite having developed guidelines for…

Asthma and Adolescents: Review of Strategies to Improve Control

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hennessy-Harstad, Ellen

2013-01-01

One of every 10 adolescents in the United States has asthma. Adolescents who lack asthma control are at increased risk for severe asthma episodes and death. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2007 asthma guidelines and research studies indicated that school nurses are instrumental in assisting adolescents to monitor their asthma, learn…

Training Advanced Writing Skills: The Case for Deliberate Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kellogg, Ronald T.; Whiteford, Alison P.

2009-01-01

The development of advanced writing skills has been neglected in schools of the United States, with even some college graduates lacking the level of ability required in the workplace (National Commission on Writing, 2003, 2004). The core problem, we argue, is an insufficient degree of appropriate task practice distributed throughout the secondary…

Wanted: Information on the Distribution of Cultivated Plants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard, Richard A.

1970-01-01

Lack of documentation makes it very difficult to discover where species of cultivated plants may be found in the United States. Plead for compilation of "campus floras and herbarium collections. Need for a rational locator file of available plant materials. Lists and reviews present sources of information. Bibliography of campus floras. (EB)

A Unifying Curriculum for Museum-Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Povis, Kaleen E.

2011-01-01

There are over two dozen schools in the United States with the word "museum" in their names. However, the philosophy and pedagogy that tie these schools together is unclear. A consistent definition, criteria for classification, and a unifying curriculum to guide museum- schools is lacking. Yet, museum-schools continue to open across the country.…

Northern Exports of softwood products, 1980-85

Treesearch

James E. Granskog

1988-01-01

Assessment of export opportunities for softwood products from the North has been hampered by a lack of information describing foreign sales from the region. This article describes the value and volume of softwood products exported from the northern United States for 1980 through 1985. Roundwood productsmostly spruce logs from Maine and Vermont- are the largest northern...

Properties of seven Colombian woods

Treesearch

B. A. Bendtsen; M. Chudnoff

1981-01-01

Woods from abroad are an important raw material to the forest products industries in the United States. A major concern in effective utilization of this resource is the lack of technical information on many species. This report presents the results of an evaluation of the mechanical properties of small, clear specimens of seven Colombian woods. These results are...

Preparing PETE Students for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culp, Brian; Schmidlein, Robert

2012-01-01

By the year 2030, it is predicted that culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners will comprise approximately half of the public school population in the United States. Unfortunately, many pre-service educators enter the teaching field each year lacking knowledge of the experiences and needs of these students. This trend has particular…

Feeding behavior and diet of free ranging black crowned night herons on a catfish aquaculture facility in Mississippi

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The impacts of many species of piscivorous birds on aquaculture are well documented in the southeastern United States; however, specific studies of black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) in these areas are lacking. It was observed that black-crowned night herons opportunistically exploit ...

Early Identification of Developmental Delays through Surveillance, Screening, and Diagnostic Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pizur-Barnekow, Kris; Erickson, Stephanie; Johnston, Mark; Bass, Tamicah; Lucinski, Loraine; Bleuel, Dan

2010-01-01

Developmental and behavioral problems in young children are prevalent in the United States. While young children experience an increased prevalence of such problems, a lack of early identification services continues to exist. Not only are early identification services required under American law, such as the Individual with Disabilities Education…

What Facilitates and Supports Political Activism by, and for, Undocumented Students?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forenza, Brad; Rogers, Briana; Lardier, David T.

2017-01-01

Historically, undocumented students have been unable to attend public and private institutions of higher education in the United States. Lack of citizenship and/or financial aid precludes many from ever applying to college or other post-secondary institutions. This can create feelings of oppression, stigmatization, and/or inferiority for…

On the track of the elusive wolverine

Treesearch

Noreen Parks; Keith Aubry

2009-01-01

The wolverine is one of the rarest and least-known mammals in North America. A lack of understanding regarding its historical distribution in the contiguous United States and its broad-scale habitat needs has hampered conservation efforts. Using a suite of research methods, including the assemblage of historical data on wolverine occurrence, analyses of habitat factors...

Teenage Prostitution as a Product of Child Abuse.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seymour, Vickie Lynn

Teenage runaways and prostitution have become a rising problem in the major cities of the United States. Research into the backgrounds of youngsters selling sexual favors has shown many similarities in children's family background, particularly homes with abusing parents. The handling or lack of handling, up to this point, has not proved…

Community Gardening Project: Meredith College Students Explore Sustainability, Organics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roubanis, Jody L.; Landis, William

2007-01-01

Consuming locally grown foods promotes sustainable development and individual wellness (Waters, 2006). In the United States, the average food product travels 2,000 miles before reaching the consumer (Schlosser, 2001). This distance between producer and consumer is one reason that today's youth lack an understanding of the origin of the food they…

Teachers' Perceptions of Factors That Influence Teacher Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCray, Harold, Jr.

2017-01-01

Teacher turnover is a critical issue for the public education community because it influences student performance, school climate, and employee morale. In a large urban school district in the northeastern United States, the turnover rate has been high; teacher morale is low, and teacher participation in the school community is lacking. The purpose…

Building a Quality Workforce. A Joint Initiative.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.

For this joint effort among three Cabinet Agencies, studies by a variety of organizations were reviewed and 134 business leaders and 34 education leaders in many communities throughout the United States were interviewed to determine what businesses find lacking among new entrants into the labor force and what employers' work force needs will be in…

The Development of a Mentoring Program for University Undergraduate Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Putsche, Laura; Storrs, Debbie; Lewis, Alicia A.; Haylett, Jennifer

2008-01-01

The Women's Center at a university in the United States implemented a mentoring program based on feminist and networking models to improve the educational climate for female undergraduate students. Due to a lack of literature detailing how to develop such a program, an interdisciplinary team of researchers collaborated with the Women's Center to…

A Critical Review of Air Pollution Index Systems in the United States and Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ott, Wayne R.; Thom, Gary C.

1976-01-01

An extensive survey of air pollution indices reveals great diversity in calculation and descriptor categories. This lack of uniformity creates confusion, suggests questionable technical validity, and discourages a national picture. The authors recombined indices currently in use to develop a Standardized Urban Air Quality Index for national use.…

The Effects of Looping in the Cuban Classroom: Teacher Perception and Academic Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pickett, Gabriela

2016-01-01

The system of public education in the United States lacks responsiveness to differing maturation rates and learning styles of young children. U.S. public education focuses more on satisfying governmental mandates and a common curriculum measured through standardized tests than on addressing the individual learning needs of each student.…

Residential Segregation and Birth Weight among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walton, Emily

2009-01-01

Racial and ethnic minorities are often residentially segregated from whites in urban settings, a fact which has important health consequences. Research on the relationship between residential segregation and health outcomes lacks national-level investigation of racial and ethnic minority groups other than African Americans. I use multilevel…

The Conduct of Socially Valid Investigation by Culturally Diverse Researchers: A Delphi Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dutta, Alo; Kundu, Madan; Chan, Fong

2010-01-01

Minority researchers have traditionally exhibited a need for and interest in investigating non-mainstream issues involving diverse communities. Since faculty at colleges and universities within the United States are largely Caucasian, research on issues relevant to marginalized groups is lacking. This three-stage Delphi study was designed to…

Training Health Care Professionals to Manage Overweight Adolescents: Experience in Rural Georgia Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennison, David A.; Yin, Zenong; Kibbe, Debra; Burns, Susan; Trowbridge, Frederick

2008-01-01

Context: The obesity epidemic threatens the present and future health of adolescents in the United States. Yet, health care providers lack specific training for pediatric obesity assessment and management. Purpose: This study examined the adherence of rural Georgia primary care practitioners to an overweight adolescent management protocol. The…

The Origins of Gun Culture in the United States, 1760-1865.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellesiles, Michael A.

1996-01-01

Maintains that, counter to popular opinion, guns played no significant role in U.S. frontier life until the Civil War era. Evidence from probate and militia records reveal a consistent lack of gun ownership while magazine articles painted unflattering portraits of gun ownership and hunting. Discusses reasons for the change. (MJP)

Gun Sales. Firearm Facts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duker, Laurie, Ed.

Minimal federal regulations on firearm sales have facilitated the proliferation of guns, gun owners, and gun dealers in the United States. This fact sheet offers data on the growing number of firearm dealers, the relative ease of obtaining and keeping a license to sell guns from the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the lack of…

Adult Learning and Learners. PREL Briefing Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Timarong, Alvina; Temaungil, Marianne; Sukrad, Wilma

A survey of literature on adult learning and learners conducted for Palau Community College (PCC), Koror, Palau, found a lack of literature specific to the United States-affiliated Pacific region. Background information was compiled on development of formal education in Palau. A survey was administered in fall 2001 to adult learners working toward…

Pitfalls in Educational Programming for Autistic Children in the United States of America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muskat, Lori R.; Redefer, Laurel A.

This paper addresses the dilemma faced by the requirement that educators provide appropriate and effective education for higher functioning students with autism, while lacking the necessary knowledge to provide such interventions. The first section discusses the diagnosis of autism (especially noting the presence of a "triad" of deficits…

Researchers Dispute Notion that America Lacks Scientists and Engineers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monastersky, Richard

2007-01-01

Researchers who track the American labor market told Congress last week that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the United States has more than enough scientists and engineers and that federal agencies and universities should reform the way they train young scientists to better match the supply of scientists with the demand for researchers. At a…

Toward understanding genotype x environment interactions in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Over the last 75 years, the black raspberry industry in the United States has undergone a slow but steady contraction because of a lack of adapted, disease resistant cultivars. Recent research about the health benefits of a diet rich in polyphenolics, and black raspberries in particular, has led to ...

Motivating Prospective Elementary School Teachers to Learn Mathematics by Focusing upon Children's Mathematical Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Philipp, Randolph A.

2008-01-01

Elementary school children in the United States are not developing acceptable levels of mathematical proficiency (National Center for Education Statistics, 1999), and a major concern of teacher educators is that teachers lack the depth and flexibility of mathematical understanding and the corresponding beliefs they need to teach for proficiency…

25 CFR 101.13 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Security. 101.13 Section 101.13 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN... § 101.13 Security. (a) United States direct loans shall be secured by such security as the Commissioner may require. A lack of security will not preclude the making of a loan if the proposed use of the...

25 CFR 101.13 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Security. 101.13 Section 101.13 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN... § 101.13 Security. (a) United States direct loans shall be secured by such security as the Commissioner may require. A lack of security will not preclude the making of a loan if the proposed use of the...

25 CFR 101.13 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Security. 101.13 Section 101.13 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN... § 101.13 Security. (a) United States direct loans shall be secured by such security as the Commissioner may require. A lack of security will not preclude the making of a loan if the proposed use of the...

25 CFR 101.13 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Security. 101.13 Section 101.13 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN... § 101.13 Security. (a) United States direct loans shall be secured by such security as the Commissioner may require. A lack of security will not preclude the making of a loan if the proposed use of the...

On the Problem of Motor Skill Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Jane E.

2007-01-01

As a way to address the serious obesity epidemic in the United States, many physical education classes have become fitness centers designed to raise heart rates and burn calories. An unintended consequence of this emphasis on fitness, however, is the lack of attention to motor skill development. Motor skills do not develop miraculously from one…

Analysis of Labor and Economics: Needs for the Next Decade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Start, Jack; Goldsbury, Tammi

1988-01-01

Labor and economic issues in the United States for the coming decade are related to their impact on the vocational future of persons with mental retardation. A lack of workers in the services industry and an increased emphasis on vocational training suggests improved prospects for competitive employment positions for this population. (Author/DB)

Understanding social influences on wilderness fire stewardship decisions

Treesearch

Katie Knotek

2006-01-01

Federal land managers and the public engage in many decisions about stewardship of wilderness in the United States, including decisions about stewardship of fire. To date, social science research lacks a holistic examination of the decision-making context of managers and the public about stewardship of fire inside wilderness and across its boundaries. A conceptual...

SEASONAL AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS OVER THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: OBSERVATION-BASED ESTIMATES AND MODEL EVALUATION

EPA Science Inventory

Due to the lack of an analytical technique for directly quantifying the atmospheric concentrations of primary (OC_pri) and secondary (OC_sec) organic carbon aerosols, different indirect methods have been developed to estimate their concentrations. In this stu...

Mexican Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Culture, Gender, and Language Ideologies: Platicas de HIV/AIDS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allison, Donald N.

2013-01-01

Lack of health access and limited health care services are major concerns for those who provide healthcare for marginalized Mexican migrant and seasonal farmworker communities (MMSF). Health risks related to several deadly illnesses generate a significant challenge in providing services to this transnational population. In the United States,…

The Graphic Arts and the New Copyright Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Overbeck, Wayne

This paper briefly summarizes the Copyright Act recently passed by the United States Congress as it relates to graphic arts and points out that the law ignores the major problem facing that field: the lack of copyright protection for typography and typeface designs. It then explains the reasoning used for denying protection to typography and…

Reading Attitudes as a Predictor of Latino Adolescents' Reading Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crosby, Robert Glenn, III.

2013-01-01

Although literacy skills have been associated with critical academic, social, and economic outcomes, most adolescents in the United States lack basic proficiency in reading comprehension. Experts in the field of adolescent literacy have identified affective components of reading (e.g., reading attitudes) as a critical topic in need of further…

Finding Common Language around Educational Equity in a Neoliberal Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bierbaum, Lauren

2014-01-01

Since 2005, New Orleans has proved fertile ground for the most extensive education reform movement in the United States. As such, the educational landscape in New Orleans is a highly contested space. Yet stakeholders across the pro/anti-charter divide lack a fully developed language that accommodates the multi-vocality of participants contributing…

The Relationship between Familism and Help-Seeking with Hispanic Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stearns, Cristina Perez

2012-01-01

Cultural mismatch between providers and patients in the United States emerges as a major factor affecting the health of minority populations. Hispanics are the largest and fastest-growing minority group and are at risk for major healthcare disparities resulting from the lack of Hispanic healthcare personnel. The dearth of Hispanic nurses in…

Fitting Fire into Oak Management

Treesearch

Patrick Brose

2004-01-01

In the past decade, the use of prescribed fire in the mixed-oak forests of the eastern United States has markedly increased to help overcome the chronic lack of abundant, vigorous oak regeneration (Yaussy 2000). However, pre- scribed burns implemented under inappropriate circum- stances can result in failure to establish oak regeneration and/or loss of existing oak...

A Critical Analysis of the Research on Student Homelessness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Peter M.

2011-01-01

Since the onset of the economic recession, rates of student homelessness have increased rapidly in urban, suburban, and rural school districts throughout the United States. Despite the widespread urgency of the issue, there is a lack of general coherence in the research about how diverse conditions of homelessness affect students and how schools…

Barriers to Parental Involvement for Children at Risk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Latasha N.

2014-01-01

For years researchers have been investigating the effects of parental involvement in middle school students. In the United States today, schools lack more in parental involvement as children move up in grades. Some research findings have shown that parental involvement is effective when teachers communicate more with parents and have a focused…

Majority to Minority: The Adjustment of Asian American Hawai'i Residents at Predominantly White Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Souza, Cheri Y. H.

2015-01-01

Within the United States, the model minority myth has contributed to empirically unsubstantiated misconceptions about Asian American college students. Although there is considerable research on college student adjustment and its role in persistence, literature focusing on the Asian American experience is lacking. Furthermore, the experience of…

The Locus of Preparation and Privilege: College Choice and Social Reproduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Daniel J.

2012-01-01

Despite the ostensible proposition of American higher education to create a level playing field and advance an individual's life opportunities, the history of access to higher education in the United States has demonstrated a lack of equality in enrollment patterns. This enrollment inequality appears most pronounced when considering family…

The Changing Social Content of ESL Textbooks in the USA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Thomas W.

An analysis of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) textbooks published in the United States from the 1950s through the 1980s focuses on incidental but pervasive social messages contained in their content, including restriction to middle class populations and values, stereotyped sex roles, lack of visibility of minorities, negative messages about…

TEMPORAL TRENDS OF BLACK CARBON CONCENTRATIONS AND REGIONAL CLIMATE FORCING IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. (R825248)

EPA Science Inventory

The effect of black carbon (BC) on climate forcing is potentially important, but its estimates have large uncertainties due to a lack of sufficient observational data. The BC mass concentration in the southeastern US was measured at a regionally representative site, Mount Gibb...

Youth Individual Development Accounts: Retirement Planning Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shobe, Marcia A.; Sturm, Stephanie L.

2007-01-01

Given the growing interest in a privatized Social Security system and the lack of adequate retirement planning among many people in the United States, many households are often ill prepared for retirement. The outlook for low-income populations is even bleaker because they are often not privy to the same financial education and asset-building…

Desired future condition: Fish habitat in southwestern riparian-stream habitats

Treesearch

John N. Rinne

1996-01-01

Riparian ecosystems in the southwestern United States provide valuable habitats for many living organisms including native fishes. An analysis of habitat components important to native fishes was made based on the literature, case histories, and unpublished and observational data. Results suggest a natural, surface water hydrograph and lack of introduced species of...

Artists as Scholars: The Research Behavior of Dance Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Shannon Marie

2016-01-01

The research behaviors and library use of dance scholars are widely unknown, particularly in regard to issues of access to historical materials and new technology preferences. In the past thirty years, college and university dance departments in the United States have developed into independent, research-based programs. Despite the lack of current…

High Achieving Girls in Mathematics: What's Wrong with Working Hard?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howe, Ann C.; Berenson, Sarah B.

2003-01-01

The participation of women in graduate studies and mathematics-related careers remains a social and economic problem in the United States. Part of a larger study to understand this lack of participation, here we present preliminary findings of girls who are high achievers in middle grades mathematics. This interpretive study documents girls'…

The Changing Demographics of the Hispanic Family.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKay, Emily Gantz

Hispanics will become the largest United States minority population sometime early in the next century. A problem that arises with attempts to provide Hispanic people with better opportunities is the lack of adequate data on Hispanic socioeconomic status. Those data which do exist focus on problems of the individual, yet one of the greatest…

The Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion of African American Faculty in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Gary

This paper examines the past and current attitudes and practices toward hiring, retaining, and promoting African American faculty members, and explores suggestions and predictions pertaining to increased inclusion of African Americans on university and college faculties. It argues that the major problem resulting from the lack of African American…

The Role of Service-Learning in Transforming Teacher Candidates' Teaching of Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wasserman, Kathleen B.

2009-01-01

Most reading methods courses taught in the United States do little to change student teachers' actual classroom instruction because new pedagogies are not practiced in a structured, supportive, closely supervised manner. This lack of practice results in failure to develop strong feelings of self-efficacy during university courses. Because literacy…

Improving Middle and High School Students' Comprehension of Science Texts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Brandi E.; Zabrucky, Karen M.

2011-01-01

Throughout the United States, many middle and high school students struggle to comprehend science texts for a variety of reasons. Science texts are frequently boring, focused on isolated facts, present too many new concepts at once, and lack the clarity and organization known to improve comprehension. Compounding the problem is that many…

Red-cockaded woodpecker status and management: West Gulf Coastal Plain and Interior Highlands

Treesearch

D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner; Richard R. Schaefer; Daniel Saenz; Dawn K. Carrie; N. Ross Carrie; Ricky W. Maxey; Warren G. Montague; Joe Neal; Kenneth Moore; John Skeen; Jeffrey A. Reid

2004-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpecker populations declined precipitously following European settlement and expansion and cutting of the original pine forests across the southeastern United States. By 1990 most residual populations lacked demographic viability, existed in degraded habitat, and were isolated from other populations. The primary causes of this situation were harvest of...

Investigating the Relationship between Fraction Proficiency and Success in Algebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, George; Quinn, Robert J.

2007-01-01

Teachers all over the world are aware that students struggle with fractional concepts and with elementary algebra. Support for this assertion can be found in a variety of research reports. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), a United States report, indicates that students have recurrently demonstrated a lack of proficiency in…

Black Vocational Technical and Industrial Arts Education: Development and History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Clyde W.

Since coverage of the history of industrial training of blacks in the United States is lacking, the author has compiled a single volume tracing this history from the plantation era. All phases are described--early schools prior to 1865, private and public industrial institutions of higher education, private institutions of higher education…

Discovery Camp Excites Students about Engineering and Technology Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massiha, G. H.

2011-01-01

In the United States and elsewhere, there is a dramatic shortage of engineers and technologists. And, unfortunately, these professions often suffer from a lack of awareness among K-12 students. Clearly, educators need to show students the very exciting and lucrative aspects of these fields. Engineering and technology are consistently listed by…

Retaining Intellectual Capital in U.S. Organizations: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Bobby

2017-01-01

Intellectual capital (IC) is a vital to the functionality of information technology (IT) businesses. Many companies recognize that enhancing and maintaining IC is critical to sustainability. The problem is that Fortune 500 IT businesses lack human resources in the United States needed for innovative development, resulting in an overreliance on…

Nuclear Arsenals at Low Numbers: When Less Is Different

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hustus, Hunter

2015-01-01

President Obama's 2009 speech in Prague is remembered as a call for the eventual elimination of nuclear weapons. It reinvigorated a long-overdue policy debate in the United States and Europe. Unfortunately, that debate is characterized by a focus on arsenal size that borders on numerology, a lack of imagination consistent with presentism, and…

Reconnecting Disconnected Young Adults: The Early Experience of Project Rise. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bangser, Michael

2013-01-01

In the United States, 1.6 million young people between 18 and 24 years old are out of school (lacking either a high school degree or General Educational Development certificate) "and" out of work. These "disconnected" young people face significant barriers to economic opportunity and distressingly high odds of becoming involved…

78 FR 68030 - Possible Models for the Administration and Support of Discipline-Specific Guidance Groups for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... Forensic Science AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice, extension of comment period. SUMMARY: NIST is extending the deadline for... Guidance Groups for Forensic Science. Due to the lack of availability of information posted on the NIST Web...

Missing Faces from the Orchestra: An Issue of Social Justice?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeLorenzo, Lisa C.

2012-01-01

There is a surprising lack of black and Latino musicians in major orchestras in the United States as well as in other venues for classical music. Similarly, many American high school performing ensembles reflect the same underrepresentation. This article examines the literature on race, socioeconomic factors, and urban teaching and provides…

Cultivating Primary Students' Scientific Thinking through Sustained Teacher Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Roxanne Greitz; Curwen, Margaret Sauceda; White-Smith, Kimberly A.; Calfee, Robert C.

2015-01-01

While the United States' National Research Council (NRC 2012) and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS 2013) advocate children's engagement in active science learning, elementary school teachers in the US indicate lack of time to teach science regularly because of (1) school and district pressure to focus on English language arts and…

Climate Impacts on Agriculture in the United States: The Value of Past Observations

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Climate impacts on agriculture cause variations in crop yields and lead to lack of stability in grain production. This will become more critical as the world population continues to increase and demands more food. There have been many studies that have shown the impact of climate on agricultural pro...

Swim Test Requirements at Four-Year Universities in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ormond, Frank; And Others

1997-01-01

Surveys of 331 four-year universities nationwide examined swim test requirements and reasons for administering or not administering swim tests. Responses from 331 returned questionnaires indicated that 5% of the schools had swim test requirements, though 25% had them previously. Lack of a physical education requirement was the most commonly cited…

The Effects of Motivation on Student Performance on Science Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glenn, Tina Heard

2013-01-01

Academic achievement of public school students in the United States has significantly fallen behind other countries. Students' lack of knowledge of, or interest in, basic science and math has led to fewer graduates of science, technology, engineering, and math-related fields (STEM), a factor that may affect their career success and will certainly…

Earning a driver's license.

PubMed Central

Williams, A F

1997-01-01

Teenage drivers in the United States have greatly elevated crash rates, primarily a result of qualities associated with immaturity and lack of driving experience. State licensing systems vary substantially, but most have allowed quick and easy access to driving with full privileges at a young age, contributing to the crash problem. Formal driver education has not been an effective crash prevention measure. Following the introduction of graduated licensing in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, this system has been considered in many states and has been implemented in some. Graduated systems phase in full privilege driving, requiring initial experience to be gained under conditions of lower risk. The author describes the first five multistage graduated systems enacted in the United States in 1996 and 1997. Factors that will influence the acceptability and effectiveness of these new licensing systems are discussed. Images p[452]-a p454-a p456-a p457-a p460-a PMID:10822470

“It’s Like a Phantom Disease”: Patient Perspectives on Access to Treatment for Chagas Disease in the United States

PubMed Central

Forsyth, Colin J.; Hernandez, Salvador; Flores, Carmen A.; Roman, Mario F.; Nieto, J. Maribel; Marquez, Grecia; Sequeira, Juan; Sequeira, Harry; Meymandi, Sheba K.

2018-01-01

Abstract. Chagas disease (CD) affects > 6 million people globally, including > 300,000 in the United States. Although early detection and etiological treatment prevents chronic complications from CD, < 1% of U.S. cases have been diagnosed and treated. This study explores access to etiological treatment from the perspective of patients with CD. In semi-structured interviews with 50 Latin American–born patients of the Center of Excellence for Chagas Disease at the Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, we collected demographic information and asked patients about their experiences managing the disease and accessing treatment. Patients were highly marginalized, with 63.4% living below the U.S. poverty line, 60% lacking a high school education, and only 12% with private insurance coverage. The main barriers to accessing health care for CD were lack of providers, precarious insurance coverage, low provider awareness, transportation difficulties, and limited time off. Increasing access to diagnosis and treatment will not only require a dramatic increase in provider and public education, but also development of programs which are financially, linguistically, politically, and geographically accessible to patients. PMID:29380723

Mobile Phone Use in Psychiatry Residents in the United States: Multisite Cross-Sectional Survey Study

PubMed Central

Torous, John; Boland, Robert; Conrad, Erich

2017-01-01

Background Mobile technology ownership in the general US population and medical professionals is increasing, leading to increased use in clinical settings. However, data on use of mobile technology by psychiatry residents remain unclear. Objective In this study, our aim was to provide data on how psychiatric residents use mobile phones in their clinical education as well as barriers relating to technology use. Methods An anonymous, multisite survey was given to psychiatry residents in 2 regions in the United States, including New Orleans and Boston, to understand their technology use. Results All participants owned mobile phones, and 79% (54/68) used them to access patient information. The majority do not use mobile phones to implement pharmacotherapy (62%, 42/68) or psychotherapy plans (90%, 61/68). The top 3 barriers to using mobile technology in clinical care were privacy concerns (56%, 38/68), lack of clinical guidance (40%, 27/68), and lack of evidence (29%, 20/68). Conclusions We conclude that developing a technology curriculum and engaging in research could address these barriers to using mobile phones in clinical practice. PMID:29092807

Value and role of intensive care unit outcome prediction models in end-of-life decision making.

PubMed

Barnato, Amber E; Angus, Derek C

2004-07-01

In the United States, intensive care unit (ICU) admission at the end of life is commonplace. What is the value and role of ICU mortality prediction models for informing the utility of ICU care?In this article, we review the history, statistical underpinnings,and current deployment of these models in clinical care. We conclude that the use of outcome prediction models to ration care that is unlikely to provide an expected benefit is hampered by imperfect performance, the lack of real-time availability, failure to consider functional outcomes beyond survival, and physician resistance to the use of probabilistic information when death is guaranteed by the decision it informs. Among these barriers, the most important technical deficiency is the lack of automated information systems to provide outcome predictions to decision makers, and the most important research and policy agenda is to understand and address our national ambivalence toward rationing care based on any criterion.

Poliovirus immunity in newly resettled adult refugees in Idaho, United States of America.

PubMed

Roscoe, Clay; Gilles, Ryan; Reed, Alex J; Messerschmidt, Matt; Kinney, Rebecca

2015-06-12

In the United States, vaccines have eliminated wild poliovirus (WPV) infection, though resettling refugees may lack immunity and importation of WPV remains a concern. A cross-sectional survey was performed to determine the prevalence of poliovirus immunity in adult refugees resettling in Boise, Idaho, U.S.A.; immunity was evaluated using two definitions: serotypes 1, 2 and 3 positive, or serotypes 1 and 3 positive. This survey evaluated 795 adult refugees between August 2010 and November 2012. Poliovirus immunity in adults >18 years was 55.3% for serotypes 1, 2 and 3 combined, and 60% for serotypes 1 and 3 only. This study demonstrated a WPV immunity rate of <60% in a recently resettled adult refugee population in the United States, reinforcing the need to ensure poliovirus immunity in all newly arrived adult refugees, either by expanding pre-departure immunization or by screening for immunity at resettlement and vaccinating when indicated. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Health beliefs, practice, and priorities for health care of Arab Muslims in the United States.

PubMed

Yosef, Abdel Raheem Odeh

2008-07-01

The Arab Muslim population is one of the dramatically increasing minorities in the United States. In addition to other factors, religion and cultural background influence individuals' beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes toward health and illness. The author describes health beliefs and practices of the Arab Muslim population in the United States. That population is at an increased risk for several diseases and faces many barriers to accessing the American health care system. Some barriers, such as modesty, gender preference in healthcare providers, and illness causation misconceptions, arise out of their cultural beliefs and practices. Other barriers are related to the complexity of the health care system and the lack of culturally competent services within it. Nurses need to be aware of these religious and cultural factors to provide culturally competent health promotion services for this population. Nurses also need to integrate Islamic teachings into their interventions to provide appropriate care and to motivate healthy behaviors.

Protection of health research participants in the United States: a review of two cases.

PubMed

Douglass, Alison; Crampton, Peter

2004-06-01

Two research-related deaths and controversies in the United States during recent years have raised public concern over the safety of research participants. This paper explores the reasons why, in two studies, there was a failure of ethical oversight. The issues exposed by these failures have international relevance as they could possibly occur anywhere where human health research is carried out. Five factors that contributed to these failures are highlighted: 1. failure to support and resource research ethics committees; 2. failure of the research oversight process to adequately assess the risks and benefits of research, while giving undue emphasis to informed consent; 3. conflicts of interest arising from financial relationships and research ethics committee membership; 4. lack of consistent oversight of privately funded research; and 5. incompetent or intentional failure to adhere by ethical guidelines. There is considerable headway to be made in the United States, as in other countries, in the fostering and maintenance of robust systems of human research oversight.

Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest Region of the United States

PubMed Central

Datta, Kausik; Bartlett, Karen H.; Baer, Rebecca; Byrnes, Edmond; Galanis, Eleni; Heitman, Joseph; Hoang, Linda; Leslie, Mira J.; MacDougall, Laura; Magill, Shelley S.; Morshed, Muhammad G.

2009-01-01

Cryptococcus gattii has emerged as a human and animal pathogen in the Pacific Northwest. First recognized on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, it now involves mainland British Columbia, and Washington and Oregon in the United States. In Canada, the incidence of disease has been one of the highest worldwide. In the United States, lack of cryptococcal species identification and case surveillance limit our knowledge of C. gattii epidemiology. Infections in the Pacific Northwest are caused by multiple genotypes, but the major strain is genetically novel and may have emerged recently in association with unique mating or environmental changes. C. gattii disease affects immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons, causing substantial illness and death. Successful management requires an aggressive medical and surgical approach and consideration of potentially variable antifungal drug susceptibilities. We summarize the study results of a group of investigators and review current knowledge with the goal of increasing awareness and highlighting areas where further knowledge is required. PMID:19757550

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas.

PubMed

Fleuriet, K Jill; Sunil, T S

2017-03-01

We argue that changes over time in how ideas of stress are incorporated into understandings of pregnancy and motherhood among Mexican immigrant women living in the United States may affect the documented increase of low birth weight infants born to those women. Stress has consistently been linked to low birth weight, and pregnant Mexican American and Mexican immigrant women differ in levels of perceived social stress. What is lacking is an explanation for these differences. We utilize a subset of 36 ethnographic interviews with pregnant immigrant women from northern Mexico and Mexican Americans living in south Texas to demonstrate how meanings of pregnancy and motherhood increasingly integrate notions of stress the longer immigrant Mexican women live in the United States. We situate our results within anthropological and sociological research on motherhood in the United States and Mexico, anthropological research in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, and interdisciplinary research on Hispanic rates of low birth weight. © 2016 by the American Anthropological Association.

Skin care practices in newborn nurseries and mother-baby units in Maryland.

PubMed

Khalifian, S; Golden, W C; Cohen, B A

2017-06-01

Skin provides several important homeostatic functions to the developing neonate. However, no consensus guidelines exist in the United States for skin care in the healthy term newborn. We performed a study of skin and umbilical cord care (including bathing practices, vernix removal and antiseptic cord application) in newborn nurseries and mother-baby units throughout the state of Maryland to determine practices in a variety of clinical settings and assess if uniformity in skin care exists. These data were then assessed in the context of a review of the current literature. We received responses from over 90% of nurseries across the state. In our cohort, practices varied widely between institutions and specific populations, and often were not evidence-based or were contrary to best practices discussed in the scientific literature. The frequent departures from evidence that occur regarding the aforementioned practices are likely due to a lack of consensus on these issues as well as limited data on such practices, further highlighting the need for data-driven guidelines on newborn skin care.

Yellow Oleander Seed, or "Codo de Fraile" (Thevetia spp.): A Review of Its Potential Toxicity as a Purported Weight-Loss Supplement.

PubMed

González-Stuart, Armando; Rivera, José O

2018-05-04

The Dietary Supplements and Health Education Act (DSHEA), passed by the United States Congress in October of 1994, defines herbal products as nutritional supplements, not medications. This opened the market for diverse products made from plants, including teas, extracts, essential oils, and syrups. Mexico and the United States share an extensive border, where diverse herbal products are available to the public without a medical prescription. Research undertaken in the neighboring cities of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, USA, shows the use of herbs is higher in this border area compared to the rest of the United States. A portion of the population is still under the erroneous impression that "natural" products are completely safe to use and therefore lack side effects. We review the dangers of ingesting the toxic seed of Thevetia spp. (family Apocynaceae), commonly known as "yellow oleander" or "codo de fraile," misleadingly advertised on the Internet as an effective and safe dietary supplement for weight loss. Lack of proper quality control regarding herbs generates a great variability in the quantity and quality of the products' content. Herb-drug interactions occur between some herbal products and certain prescription pharmaceuticals. Certain herbs recently introduced into the U.S. market may not have been previously tested adequately for purity, safety, and efficacy. Due to the lack of reliable clinical data regarding the safe use of various herbal products currently available, the public should be made aware regarding the possible health hazards of using certain herbs for therapeutic purposes. The potentially fatal toxicity of yellow oleander seed is confirmed by cases reported from various countries, while the purported benefits of using it for weight loss have not been evaluated by any known clinical trials. For this reason, the use of yellow oleander seed as a dietary supplement should be avoided.

State and Local Comprehensive Smoke-Free Laws for Worksites, Restaurants, and Bars - United States, 2015.

PubMed

Tynan, Michael A; Holmes, Carissa Baker; Promoff, Gabbi; Hallett, Cynthia; Hopkins, Maggie; Frick, Bronson

2016-06-24

Exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products causes stroke, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease in adults (1,2). Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, more severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth (1,2). Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to approximately 41,000 deaths among nonsmoking adults and 400 deaths in infants each year (2). This report updates a previous CDC report that evaluated state smoke-free laws in effect from 2000-2010 (3), and estimates the proportion of the population protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws. The number of states, including the District of Columbia (DC), with comprehensive smoke-free laws (statutes that prohibit smoking in indoor areas of worksites, restaurants, and bars) increased from zero in 2000 to 26 in 2010 and 27 in 2015. The percentage of the U.S. population that is protected increased from 2.72% in 2000 to 47.8% in 2010 and 49.6% in 2015. Regional disparities remain in the proportions of state populations covered by state or local comprehensive smoke-free policies, as no state in the southeast has a state comprehensive law. In addition, nine of the 24 states that lack state comprehensive smoke-free laws also lack any local comprehensive smoke-free laws. Opportunities exist to accelerate the adoption of smoke-free laws in states that lack local comprehensive smoke-free laws, including those in the south, to protect nonsmokers from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure.

Coalification of organic matter in coal balls of the Pennsylvanian (upper Carboniferous) of the Illinois Basin, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lyons, P.C.; Thompson, C.L.; Hatcher, P.G.; Brown, F.W.; Millay, M.A.; Szeverenyi, N.; Maciel, G.E.

1984-01-01

An evaluation was made of the degree of coalification of two coal balls from the Illinois Basin of the Pennsylvanian (upper Carboniferous) of the United States. Previous interpretations are mainly misleading and contradictory, primarily because of the assumption that the brown color and exceptional cellular and subcellular preservation typical of American coal balls imply chemical preservation of cellulose and lignin, the primary components of peat. Xylem tissue from a medullosan seed fern contained in a coal ball and the coal attached to the coal ball from the Calhoun coal bed, Mattoon Formation, Illinois, was analyzed by elemental, petrographic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to determine the degree of coalification. The NMR and elemental data indicate the lack of cellulose and lignin and a probable rank of high-volatile C bituminous coal. These data corroborate data for a coal ball from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed (Carbondale Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian) and support our hypothesis that the organic matter in coal balls of the Pennsylvanian strata of the United States is coalified to about the same degree as the surrounding coal. Data presented show a range of lower reflectances for xylem tissue and vitrinite in the analyzed coal balls compared with vitrinite in the attached coal. The data reported indicate that physical preservation of organic matter in coal balls does not imply chemical preservation. Also our study supports the hypothesis that compactional (static load) pressure is not a prerequisite for coalification up to a rank of high-volatile C bituminous coal. A whole-rock analysis of the Calhoun coal ball indicates a similarity to other carbonate coal balls from the United States. It consists primarily of calcium carbonate and 1-2% organic matter; silica and alumina together make up less than 0.5%, indicating the lack of minerals such as quartz and clays. ?? 1984.

Scottish court dismisses a historic smoker's suit

PubMed Central

Friedman, L; Daynard, R

2007-01-01

The decision in a Scottish smoker's case, McTear v. Imperial Tobacco Limited, that there was no scientific proof of causation between the plaintiff's smoking and his death from lung cancer, accepted all of the traditional arguments that the tobacco industry has made throughout the history of tobacco litigation, including that epidemiology is not an adequate branch of science to draw a conclusion of causation, that the tobacco industry has no knowledge that its products are dangerous to consumers, and that, despite this lack of knowledge, the plaintiff had sufficient information to make an informed decision about the dangers of smoking. This case relied on outmoded methods of reasoning and placed too great a faith in the tobacco industry's timeworn argument that “everybody knew, nobody knows”. Further, the judge found it prejudicial that the plaintiff's expert witnesses were not paid for their services because she was indigent, believing that the lack of payment placed in doubt their credibility and claiming that the paid tobacco expert witnesses had more motive to testify independently because they had been paid, a perverse and novel line of reasoning. The McTear case contrasts unfavourably with the recent decision in United States v. Philip Morris, a United States decision that found the tobacco industry defendants to be racketeers, based both on the weight of a huge amount of internal tobacco industry documents showing that the tobacco industry knew their products were addictive and were made that way purposely to increase sales, and on the testimony of expert witnesses who, like those who testified in McTear, have made the advancement of the public health their life's work and are not “hired guns”. The McTear case's reasoning seems outdated and reminiscent of early litigation in the United States. Hopefully, it will not take courts outside of the United States 40 more years to acknowledge the current scientific knowledge about smoking and health. PMID:17897973

Medical and Safety Reforms in Boxing

PubMed Central

Jordan, Barry D.

1988-01-01

The continued existence of boxing as an accepted sport in civilized society has been long debated. The position of the American Medical Association (AMA) has evolved from promoting increased safety and medical reform to recommending total abolition of both amateur and professional boxing. In response to the AMA opposition to boxing, the boxing community has attempted to increase the safeguards in amateur and professional boxing. The United States of America Amateur Boxing Federation, which is the national regulatory agency for all amateur boxing in the United States, has taken several actions to prevent the occurrence of acute brain injury and is currently conducting epidemiologic studies to assess the long-term neuropsychologic consequences of amateur boxing. In professional boxing, state regulatory agencies such as the New York State Athletic Commission have introduced several medical interventions to prevent and reduce neurologic injury. The lack of a national regulatory agency to govern professional boxing has stimulated the formation of the Association of Boxing Commissions and potential legislation for the federal regulation of professional boxing by a federally chartered organization called the United States Boxing Commission. The AMA's opposition to boxing and the medical and safety reforms implemented by the proponents of boxing are discussed. PMID:3385788

Assessment of the effect of acculturation on dietary and physical activity behaviors of Arab mothers in Lubbock, Texas.

PubMed

Tami, Suzan H; Reed, Debra B; Boylan, Mallory; Zvonkovic, Anisa

2012-01-01

Our study was conducted to collect exploratory data on Arab mothers in the United States regarding their dietary and physical activity behaviors and to assess the relationship of acculturation to these behaviors. Focus groups and interviews were conducted to collect data on dietary and physical activity behaviors of Arab mothers in Lubbock, Texas. The Social Cognitive Theory guided the development of questions related to the role of acculturation on the dietary and physical activity behaviors. The Male Arab-American Acculturation Scale was used to measure acculturation. A bicultural dietary pattern of Arab mothers emerged. Negative behaviors included skipping meals, increased intake of high-fat fast foods and meat consumption, and lack of traditional physical activity. Some reported reasons for the negative behaviors included children's preferences, lack of access to traditional foods, preference for convenience, the low cost of some foods, and lack of time. Positive changes for some Arab mothers included healthier cooking techniques, reading nutritional labels, and making new healthy food choices due to increased awareness of healthy foods, availability and affordability of many healthy choices in the United States, and Arab mothers' attempts to enrich their families' meals with vegetables in order to keep the Arabic dietary pattern. Positive dietary and physical activity changes should be supported. Nutrition interventions are needed that address the major barriers to diet and physical activity changes reported by these Arab mothers.

The US health care system: On a road to nowhere?

PubMed Central

Oberlander, Jonathan

2002-01-01

THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS of the health care system in the United States. The 1990s were a decade of reform and change in US medical care, with the debate over the Clinton plan for universal insurance and, after its defeat, the spread of managed care. In particular, managed care had a profound impact on the delivery of medical services, transforming traditional insurance arrangements. However, after all of the changes, the United States appears to be no closer to solving the problems that have characterized its health care system for the past 3 decades. Over 40 million Americans lack health insurance, universal coverage is nowhere in sight, and medical care costs are rising again after a period of moderation. It is doubtful that incremental health reforms will significantly ameliorate these problems. PMID:12160126

Novel oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation

PubMed Central

How, Choon How

2015-01-01

Anticoagulation therapy is effective in preventing primary and secondary thromboembolic events due to atrial fibrillation. Warfarin, which was approved by the United States in 1954, was the only long-term oral anticoagulation therapy till the approval of dabigatran in 2010, and of rivaroxaban and other direct factor Xa inhibitors from 2011, forming a group known as novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC). NOAC have fewer food and drug interactions compared to warfarin; hence, the patient will require fewer clinic visits. However, the short half-life of NOAC means that twice-a-day dosing is needed and there is higher risk of a prothrombotic state when doses are missed. Other disadvantages are the lack of long-term data on NOAC, their high cost and the current lack of locally available antidotes. PMID:26702159

Crime Victimization among Immigrant Latino Day Laborers in Post-Katrina New Orleans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Negi, Nalini Junko; Cepeda, Alice; Valdez, Avelardo

2013-01-01

Reports indicate that the criminal victimization of Latino immigrants in the United States has been increasing yet is often underreported. This may be especially true in new immigrant settlement cities that lack an established Latino community to provide support and feelings of security. New Orleans is an important context to investigate criminal…

The Dirty Dozen: Twelve Failures of the Hurricane Katrina Response and How Psychology Can Help

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gheytanchi, Anahita; Joseph, Lisa; Gierlach, Elaine; Kimpara, Satoko; Housley, Jennifer; Franco, Zeno E.; Beutler, Larry E.

2007-01-01

This comprehensive analysis addresses the United States' alarming lack of preparedness to respond effectively to a massive disaster as evidenced by Hurricane Katrina. First, a timeline of problematic response events during and after Hurricane Katrina orients readers to some of the specific problems encountered at different levels of government.…

Media and Democracy: The Emergence of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States, 1927-1935.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McChesney, Robert W.

1992-01-01

Presents U.S. broadcasting history as the interplay between powerful commercial forces and a broadcast reform movement that opposed commercial control of the industry. Suggests that broadcast reformers developed traditions of media criticism that are useful today. Describes the lack of debate preceding the Communications Act of 1934 as a weak spot…

The Ties that Bind: A Response to Jonathan Jansen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sehoole, Chika Trevor

2006-01-01

In his critique of academic writing about and public consumption of government policy and law, Jonathan Jansen uses his argument of the symbolic functions of education law and education policy as a basis for explaining the lack of progress in achieving equity and justice under "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954) in the United States and…

Educating Low-Literacy Adults: To Teach or Not to Teach?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Anne M.

2004-01-01

According to statistics compiled by the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL), more than 40% of working-age adults in the United States lack the requisite skills and education to succeed in life (Merrifield, 1998). In the field of adult education, however, there is much debate about how programs can best serve…

Persistence of Graduate Students at an Urban Research Institution in the Southeastern Region of the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, Lakeisha Nicole

2012-01-01

Attrition rates have remained at the breadth of significant concerns for higher education institutions. During the progression toward a graduate degree, countless students lose focus and "stop-out." An unsuccessful practice in higher education is the lack of concentrated initiatives to retain graduate students and assist in providing…

Effects of the Decline in Social Capital on College Graduates' Soft Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andreas, Sarah

2018-01-01

Both businesses and recent college graduates in the United States attribute the lack of soft skills in recent college graduates to the colleges' inability to prepare students for the workforce. This article explores the literature on social capital, human capital and social learning theory, offering an alternative hypothesis for why recent…

Civilization, Big History, and Human Survival

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodrigue, Barry H.

2010-01-01

A problem that history teachers in the United States face is that they lack an appropriate reference point from which to address many of today's global issues. The source of this problem is an antiquated model of society, still taught in the universities, that largely reflects the society that existed a century ago. For the last decade, the author…

Can Students Learn Economics and Personal Finance in a Specialized Elementary School?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Posnanski, Tracy J.; Schug, Mark C.; Schmitt, Thomas

2007-01-01

Statistics from a number of surveys indicate there is a high rate of economic and financial illiteracy in the United States. Several other studies have pointed out that problems related to the widespread lack of economic and financial understanding have serious consequences on the future economic well-being of many citizens. Financial and economic…

Social Media and Marketing Education: A Review of Current Practices in Curriculum Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brocato, E. Deanne; White, Nathan James; Bartkus, Kenneth; Brocato, Ashley Ann

2015-01-01

Given the presumed importance of social media to marketing, along with the apparent lack of research concerning social media curriculum development, the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of social media curriculum through the evaluation of undergraduate course syllabi in the United States. This research is intended to…

Conservation and management of eastern big-eared bats: a symposium

Treesearch

Susan C. Loeb; Michael J. Lacki; Darren A. Miller

2011-01-01

Big-eared bats (genus Corynorhinus) in the Eastern United States are species of special conservation concern. These species are at risk due to many factors, including lack of knowledge about their basic biology, population numbers or trends, and distribution. This volume contains five synthesis papers on the status, ecology, and conservation of eastern big-eared bats...

Strange Fruit Indeed: Interrogating Contemporary Textbook Representations of Racial Violence toward African Americans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Anthony L.; Brown, Keffrelyn D.

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Recent racial incidents on college and high school campuses throughout the United States have catalyzed a growing conversation around issues of race and racism. These conversations exist alongside ongoing concerns about the lack of attention given to race and racism in the official school curriculum. Given that the field of…

Mexico, Mexicans and Mexican Americans in Secondary-School United States History Textbooks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salvucci, Linda K.

1991-01-01

Discusses coverage of Mexican history and Mexican Americans in 10 U.S. history textbooks approved for use in Texas. Criticizes the lack of complete information, ethnocentricity, and failure to present the Mexican point of view. Argues that U.S. history courses should cover topics of Mexican history, including Spanish colonialism, the Texas…

Perceptions and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Pregnancy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCubbin, Andrea; Fallin-Bennett, Amanda; Barnett, Janine; Ashford, Kristin

2017-01-01

Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is quickly growing in the United States, despite the unknown health implications and unregulated device contents. Although research is emerging around e-cigs in general, there continues to be a lack of scientific evidence regarding the safety and risks of e-cig use on maternal and fetal health, even though…

A Program Evaluation of the Developmental Bilingual Program at an Elementary School in North Carolina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gravely, Wendy B.

2012-01-01

Immigration has resulted in an increase in the number of English Language Learners present in schools across the United States. The language barrier and lack of teacher preparation for handling the learning differences of these students have resulted in low reading achievement levels in elementary schools, further promoting the chances that these…

An Examination of Possible Relationships between Service Quality and Brand Equity in Online Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarrell, Charles M.

2012-01-01

Researchers and marketers lack information about possible relationships between service quality and online brand equity in intangible and often undifferentiated service businesses. The services sector of the economy is large with 72% of the economic output and 80% of the workers in the United States in 2007. Within the services sector, Internet…

To Lift as We Climb: A Textbook Analysis of the Segregated School Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pellegrino, Anthony; Mann, Linda; Russell, William B., III

2013-01-01

In this paper we share findings of a textbook analysis in which we explored the treatment of segregated education in eight, widely-used secondary United States history and government textbooks. We positioned our findings within the historiography related to the African American school experience which challenges the notion that the lack of…

The ecology, geopolitics, and economics of managing Lymantria dispar in the United States

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Barry B. Bai; Donald A. Eggen; Donna S. Leonard

2012-01-01

Increases in global trade and travel have resulted in a number of species being inadvertently (or, in a few cases, deliberately) introduced into new geographical locations. In most cases, there is generally a lack of information regarding a species' biology and ecology, and its potential to cause environmental and economic harm. Regardless, management decisions...

Planning for Library Automation in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culbertson, Don S.

The 15-year history of the development of library automation is traced, and four major obstacles which had to be overcome are identified: the lack of funds for development, programing, and testing; the need for a common data base; the need for cooperative arrangements among institutions; and the need for widely-available on-line processing. Seven…

Cultures & Languages across the Curriculum: Strengthening Intercultural Competence & Advancing Internationalization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plough, India C.

2016-01-01

The role of world languages in the internationalization of college campuses in the United States (U.S.) has become a recurring theme of discussions in academic, government, and private sectors. Topics have ranged from the lack of a common definition of internationalization to a review of college curricula. Klee (2009) and Bettencourt (2011) have…

American Native Oral Tradition: Legal Safeguards and Public Domain--A Discussion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bland, Laurel LeMieux

Demonstrating the fact that the United States recognizes tribal groups (American Indians, Eskimos, and/or Aleuts) as sovereign bodies and conducts business and civil affairs with them accordingly, this paper examines an area in U.S. Law that is either unclear or entirely lacking--the treatment of tribal right to ownership or control of the…

Achievement, Activity Choice, and Self-Perception from Early to Late Adolescence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huntsinger, Carol S.; Jose, Paul E.; Shutay, Jeanette; Boelcke, Kristin

Most research on adolescents has been conducted with white, middle-class adolescents, which has created a lack of differentiation among the majority and minority cultures in the United States. To correct this, adolescents from two cultural groups at two points in time were studied so as to see how their trajectories differ in terms of academic…

Reverse Transfer: Experiences of International Chinese Students in Intensive English Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Yi

2015-01-01

An increasing number of international Chinese undergraduate students enrolled in United States.colleges and universities in the past few years. Many began their journey in an intensive English program of a four-year university due to lack of English proficiency. Instead of continuing their study at the same institution, a considerable number of…

Latino Immigrant Youth Living in a Nontraditional Migration City: A Social-Ecological Examination of the Complexities of Stress and Resilience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeJonckheere, Melissa J.; Vaughn, Lisa M.; Jacquez, Farrah

2017-01-01

Latino immigrant children represent the fastest-growing population in the United States and families are frequently residing outside of the traditional migration destinations. These cities lack the infrastructure and resources to provide culturally relevant services and bilingual education that supports these youth. Following a social-ecological…

The value of versatile alley cropping in the Southeast US: A Monte Carlo simulation

Treesearch

Michael A. Cary; Gregory E. Frey; D. Evan Mercer

2014-01-01

Alley cropping offers a potential alternative to traditional land management practices. However, its implementation in the United States is extremely limited and general awareness and knowledge of alley cropping is lacking. While alley cropping does have a few barriers to entry, the cost of maintaining hedgerow products and foregone returns from primary crops...

Nutrient Composition of Retail Samples of Sorghum, Millet, and Whole Wheat Flour

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

More than 2 million people in the United States have celiac disease, or about 1 in 133 individuals. People who have this disease cannot tolerate gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. The only treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Nutrient profiles were lacking in the USDA Nat...

Curriculum Integration in Context: An Exploration of How Structures and Circumstances Affect Design and Implementation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Amy Bell; Charner, Ivan; White, Robin

In order to obtain firsthand information about different approaches and strategies for curriculum integration, case studies of curriculum integration models were conducted in seven sites across the United States. It was concluded that the presence or lack of certain contextual factors related to structure and operations had implications for the…

New Association Takes "Big Tent" Approach to Studying Native Peoples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Peter

2009-01-01

Although several academic associations in the United States devote at least some part of their annual conferences to research on American Indians, many scholars of indigenous populations have long felt they lacked an intellectual home, a place where they could gather with large numbers of people who share their interests. A fledgling organization,…

?Cuan buenas son nuestras viviendas?: Los hispanos [How Good Is Our Housing? Hispanics].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yezer, Anthony; Limmer, Ruth

This report provides statistical information regarding the quality and cost of housing occupied by Hispanic Americans throughout the United States. Some of the findings include: (1) Hispanos occupy older and worse dwellings than the general U.S. population, with a significant number of dwellings lacking heat and adequate electricity and plumbing…

Two Faces of American Communism: Pamphlet Rhetoric of the Third Period and the Popular Front.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgchardt, Carl R.

1980-01-01

Contrasts the rhetoric of Communist pamphlets in the periods before and after 1935. Examines the Third Period's advocacy of violent overthrow of the government and the Popular Front's appeal to cooperation and unity in opposition to fascism. Analyzes the lack of success of both movements in the United States. (JMF)

Predation by coyotes on white-tailed deer neonates in South Carolina

Treesearch

John C. Kilgo; H. Scott Ray; Mark Vukovich; Matthew J. Goode; Charles Ruth

2012-01-01

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are novel predators throughout the southeastern United States and their depredation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates may explain observed declines in some deer populations in the region, but direct evidence for such a relationship is lacking. Our objective was to quantify neonate survival rates and causes of mortality at...

Literature from the Modern Middle East: Making a Living Connection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Allen

2009-01-01

While the United States is deeply involved in the Middle East, most Americans, including students, lack knowledge about the region. Yet from Afghanistan to Palestine, from Morocco to Iraq, there is a vibrant and exciting literature by living authors that can bring the diverse experiences and perspectives of this vital part of the world to classes.…

The Voices behind the Numbers: Understanding the Experiences of Homeless Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohan, Erica; Shields, Carolyn M.

2014-01-01

In a given year, approximately 1.6 million children in the United States experience homelessness, and research shows that their living conditions generally place these children at risk for educational underperformance and failure at school (Hall, 2007; Love, 2009). Although lack of education or low levels of education on the part of a head of…

Competing Purposes of Education: The Case of Underschooled Immigrant Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Kristy

2017-01-01

Recent global events have led to a striking rise of displaced people and refugees worldwide. Every year, the United States resettles nearly 70,000 refugees, with a large minority resettling in one California school district. Approximately 3000 students from refugee families are enrolled in local schools, many of whom lack prior formal education in…

Development of a Guideline for Hospice Staff, Patients, and Families on Appropriate Opioid Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander-Gorea, Trenika

2017-01-01

There is an identified problem with patients receiving suboptimal pain management at a hospice agency in the northwestern United States. At this agency, undertreatment of pain is prevalent. Evidence indicates that this may be a result of a lack of guidelines, education, and knowledge of appropriate prescribing. Known barriers to the correct…

Impact of Change Management on Employee Behavior in a University Administrative Office

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Kendra

2017-01-01

This qualitative case study focused on the effect of a system implementation upgrade on employees' job performance within a central administration department of a major research university in the Southern United States. Review of literature revealed a lack of a specific model or process for system implementation upgrades and its impact on…

Considerations for the Strategic Recruitment of Special Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zascavage, Victoria; Schroeder-Steward, Jennifer; Armstrong, Philip; Marrs-Butler, Kelly; Winterman, Kathy; Zascavage, M. L.

2008-01-01

According to the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (2004), the United States is lacking 41,141 certified special educators. Texas is no exception to the national trend; in Texas alone, there is a shortage of 5,024 certified special educators (U.S. Department of Special Education). Any successful remediation of this…

A Program of Entrepreneurial Education for Economic Development: The Case of Northeast Brazil.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, John Miles

A cross-cultural comparative analysis was made of managerial education programs in the United States and Brazil and, based on the findings, an entrepreneurial education program was designed for underdeveloped Northeast Brazil. Persons were found in this region who could act as entrepreneurs except for a lack of fundamental knowledge and skills;…

Evaluation of host-plant resistance of selected rice genotypes to the rice water weevil (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most important economic insect pest of rice in the United States. Currently, management of RWW mainly depends upon the use of insecticides due to the lack of effective alternate management tactics. A three year field study was co...

Civic Sport: Using High School Athletics to Teach Civic Values in the Progressive Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stacy, Michelle

2015-01-01

The development of basketball and athletics during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reflected a greater movement of education reform, civic development, and gender in the United States. In the twentieth century, Progressive Era reformers sought to remedy the ills of society such as urbanization, industrialization, and the lack of…

Using Critical Thinking Teaching Methods to Increase Student Success: An Action Research Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nold, Herbert

2017-01-01

Numerous studies and United States Department of Education reports indicate that university graduates lack critical thinking and problem solving skills that are needed for success in both the classroom and the modern workplace. Success in the classroom and workplace is a function of many attributes that change with the situation, but the ability…

Prospective Scope of Forest Management Education at James Madison's Montpelier

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munsell, John F.; Hamilton, Rachel; Downing, Adam K.

2009-01-01

Urban sprawl and intergenerational transfers are fostering a new period of family forest ownership in the United States typified by larger numbers of younger owners with smaller parcels that are interested in managing their forests but often lacking requisite knowledge. At the same time, there is a general decline in the public's connection to…

40 CFR 797.1400 - Fish acute toxicity test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prescribes tests to be used to develop data on the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish. The United States...) Death means the lack of opercular movement by a test fish. (6) Flow-through means a continuous or an... dilution water. If a flow-through test is performed, the flow of dilution water through each chamber is...

Revolving Doors: The Impact of Multiple School Transitions on Military Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruff, S. Beth; Keim, Michael A.

2014-01-01

There are 1.2 million school-age children with military parents in the United States, and approximately 90% attend public schools. On average, military children move three times more often than their civilian peers. Tensions at home, enrollment issues, adapting to new schools, and a lack of familiarity with military culture by public school…

Undergraduate Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Mental Illness and Mental Health Nursing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Konzelman, Lois

2017-01-01

Historically, nurses have lacked recognition for the work they do, especially in the area of mental health. There is a shortage of qualified mental health nurses to meet the demand for services. Many rural areas in the United States have few or no mental health services to offer communities. Encouraging positive attitudes toward mental health…

Landscape-level influences of terrestrial snake occupancy within the southeastern United States

Treesearch

David A. Steen; Christopher J. W. McClure; Jean C. Brock; D. Craig Rudolph; Josh B. Pierce; James R. Lee; W. Jeffrey Humphries; Beau B. Gregory; William B. Sutton; Lora L. Smith; Danna L. Baxley; Dirk J. Stevenson; Craig Guyer

2012-01-01

Habitat loss and degradation are thought to be the primary drivers of species extirpations, but for many species we have little information regarding specific habitats that influence occupancy. Snakes are of conservation concern throughout North America, but effective management and conservation are hindered by a lack of basic natural history information and the small...

The Decline of Black Farming in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browning, Pamela; And Others

The rapid decline in the number of farms operated by blacks in the United States, and the consequences of this decline on the conditions of black farmers are the focus of this report. Chapter 1 compares the rate of agricultural land loss from 1900 to 1978 among blacks and whites. Chapter 2 outlines historical conditions, such as racism, lack of…

Factors Associated with Student Persistence in an Online Program of Study: A Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Carolyn

2012-01-01

This integrated literature review examined factors associated with the ability of students to persist in an online course. Lack of persistence in online education and its' consequence of attrition, is an identified problem within the United States and internationally. Terminology has wavered between persistence and success, where each has been…

Women and the Economics of Divorce in the Contemporary United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arendell, Terry J.

1987-01-01

Households headed by women are more likely to be poor than those headed by men. The number of impoverished female-headed families is increasing due in part to the rising divorce rate. Other factors are the following: (1) lack of child care; (2) wage discrimination; (3) unfair divorce settlements; and (4) inadequate public assistance. (VM)

The Unaffiliated Unite

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Victoria

2011-01-01

Neil Carter of Ridgeland, Miss., is about to take a leap of faith--based on his lack of faith. In a state where 91 percent of residents say they believe in God "with absolute certainty," according to the Pew Research Center, Carter began "coming out" recently to friends as an atheist. The 41-year-old special education teacher is also exploring…

Supporting the Literacy Development of English Learners: Increasing Success in All Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Terrell A., Ed.; Hadaway, Nancy L., Ed.

2006-01-01

English learners are the fastest growing student population in the United States. Many of these students are placed in classrooms with teachers who lack the preparation to help diverse children excel. This book helps bridge the gap between students' needs and K-12 teachers' preparation, offering an overview of English learners and…

Maternal Affective Expression and Infant's Mood in a Laboratory Situation: A Japanese Case.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Shing-jen

The results of a Japanese replication of the vocalic social referencing experiment are discussed in comparison with original findings from the United States. The attempt to replicate failed. It is argued that the lack of success was due to (1) Japanese mothers' attitude toward laboratory situations, an attitude resulting from relative…

Protocols and Hospital Mortality in Critically ill Patients: The United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Critical Illness Outcomes Study

PubMed Central

Sevransky, Jonathan E.; Checkley, William; Herrera, Phabiola; Pickering, Brian W.; Barr, Juliana; Brown, Samuel M; Chang, Steven Y; Chong, David; Kaufman, David; Fremont, Richard D; Girard, Timothy D; Hoag, Jeffrey; Johnson, Steven B; Kerlin, Mehta P; Liebler, Janice; O'Brien, James; O'Keefe, Terence; Park, Pauline K; Pastores, Stephen M; Patil, Namrata; Pietropaoli, Anthony P; Putman, Maryann; Rice, Todd W.; Rotello, Leo; Siner, Jonathan; Sajid, Sahul; Murphy, David J; Martin, Greg S

2015-01-01

Objective Clinical protocols may decrease unnecessary variation in care and improve compliance with desirable therapies. We evaluated whether highly protocolized intensive care units have superior patient outcomes compared with less highly protocolized intensive care units. Design Observational study in which participating intensive care units completed a general assessment and enrolled new patients one day each week. Setting and Patients 6179 critically ill patients across 59 intensive care units in the United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Critical Illness Outcomes Study Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results The primary exposure was the number of intensive care unit protocols; the primary outcome was hospital mortality. 5809 participants were followed prospectively and 5454 patients in 57 intensive care units had complete outcome data. The median number of protocols per intensive care unit was 19 (IQR 15 to 21.5). In single variable analyses, there were no differences in intensive care unit and hospital mortality, length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or continuous sedation among individuals in intensive care units with a high vs. low number of protocols. The lack of association was confirmed in adjusted multivariable analysis (p=0.70). Protocol compliance with two ventilator management protocols was moderate and did not differ between intensive care units with high vs. low numbers of protocols for lung protective ventilation in ARDS (47% vs. 52%; p=0.28) and for spontaneous breathing trials (55% vs. 51%; p=0.27). Conclusions Clinical protocols are highly prevalent in United States intensive care units. The presence of a greater number of protocols was not associated with protocol compliance or patient mortality. PMID:26110488

Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Langer, W.H.

1995-01-01

Crushed stone and sand and gravel are the two main sources of natural aggregate, and together comprise approximately half the volume and tonnage of mined material in the United States. Natural aggregate is a bulky, heavy material without special or unique properties, and it is commonly used near its source of production to minimize haulage cost. However, remoteness is no longer an absolute disqualifier for the production of aggregate. Today interstate aggregate routinely is shipped hundreds of kilometers by rail and barge. In addition, during 1992, the United States imported 1,317,000 metric tons of aggregate from Canada and 1,531,000 metric tons from Mexico. A number of ports on the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States receive imports of crushed stone from foreign sources for transport to various parts of the eastern United States. These areas either lack adequate supplies of aggregate or are augmenting their supplies because they have difficulties meeting current demand. These difficulties may include poor stone quality, environmental permitting problems, or transportation. Certain societal and geologic conditions of New York City and Philadelphia along the Atlantic Coast, and Tampa and New Orleans along the Gulf Coast, are discussed to demonstrate the different combinations of issues that contribute to the economic viability of importing crushed stone. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.

Green Care: A Review of the Benefits and Potential of Animal-Assisted Care Farming Globally and in Rural America.

PubMed

Artz, Brianna; Bitler Davis, Doris

2017-04-13

The term Green Care includes therapeutic, social or educational interventions involving farming; farm animals; gardening or general contact with nature. Although Green Care can occur in any setting in which there is interaction with plants or animals, this review focuses on therapeutic practices occurring on farms. The efficacy of care farming is discussed and the broad utilization of care farming and farm care communities in Europe is reviewed. Though evidence from care farms in the United States is included in this review, the empirical evidence which could determine its efficacy is lacking. For example, the empirical evidence supporting or refuting the efficacy of therapeutic horseback riding in adults is minimal, while there is little non-equine care farming literature with children. The health care systems in Europe are also much different than those in the United States. In order for insurance companies to cover Green Care techniques in the United States, extensive research is necessary. This paper proposes community-based ways that Green Care methods can be utilized without insurance in the United States. Though Green Care can certainly be provided in urban areas, this paper focuses on ways rural areas can utilize existing farms to benefit the mental and physical health of their communities.

There’s Something About Molly: The Under-Researched yet Popular Powder Form of Ecstasy in the United States

PubMed Central

Palamar, Joseph J.

2017-01-01

Molly has been the street name for powder or crystalline ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in the United States since at least 2008; however, few studies have examined Molly use or included Molly in the definition of ecstasy/MDMA. Prevalence of self-reported ecstasy use is being underreported on surveys due to the lack of inclusion of “Molly”, although Molly is often so adulterated with novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cathinones (“bath salts”) that the name “Molly” may no longer adequately represent ecstasy/MDMA. The author recommends that Molly use and Molly purity be further studied to more adequately inform prevention and harm reduction. PMID:27925866

The “Compact Impact” in Hawai‘i: Focus on Health Care

PubMed Central

Alik, Wilfred; Hixon, Allen; Palafox, Neal A

2010-01-01

The political, economic, and military relationship between the former Pacific Trust Territories of the United States is defined by the Compact of Free Association (COFA) treaty. The respective COFA treaties allow the United States military and strategic oversight for these countries, while COFA citizens can work, reside, and travel with unlimited lengths of stay in the United States. The unforeseen consequences of the diaspora of the people of the COFA nations to the United States and its territories is called the “Compact Impact.” In 2007 the social, health, and welfare system costs attributed to the estimated 13,000 COFA migrants in Hawai‘i was $90 million dollars. The US federal government does not take full responsibility for the adverse economic consequences to Hawai‘i due to COFA implementation. The lack of health and education infrastructure in the COFA nations, as well as the unique language, culture, political, and economic development of the region have contributed to the adverse elements of the Compact Impact. The Department of Human Services of Hawai‘i, once supportive of the COFA peoples, now looks to withdraw state sponsored health care support. This paper reviews the historical, political, and economic development, which surrounds the Compact Impact and describes Hawai‘i's government and community response. This paper attempts to understand, describe, and search for solutions that will mitigate the Compact Impact. PMID:20539994

Risk For Postpartum Depression Among Immigrant Arabic Women in the United States: A Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Alhasanat, Dalia; Fry-McComish, Judith; Yarandi, Hossein N

2017-07-01

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 14% of women in the United States and 10% to 37% of Arabic women in the Middle East. Evidence suggests that immigrant women experience higher rates, but information on PPD among immigrant women of Arabic descent in the United States is nonexistent. A cross-sectional descriptive feasibility study was conducted to assess the practicality of implementing a larger proposed research study to examine predictors of PPD in US immigrant women of Arabic descent residing in Dearborn, Michigan. Fifty women were recruited from an Arab community center and completed demographic data, the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R). Among participants, 36% were considered at high risk for developing PPD. Lack of social support, antenatal anxiety, antenatal depression, maternity blues (feeling depressed during the first 4 weeks postpartum), and life stress were significantly related to risk for PPD. Multiple regression analysis revealed that social support (t = -3.77, P < .0001) and maternity blues (t = 2.19, P = .03) were the only significant predictors for postpartum depressive symptoms. Findings of this study describe the prevalence of PPD in a sample of US immigrant women of Arabic descent and support the feasibility of a larger and more in-depth understanding of their immigration and acculturation experiences. Study participants reported high risk for PPD. Maternity blues and lack of social support were significant predictors to the risk for PPD. Future research tailored to this minority group is recommended. © 2017 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.

Comparison of CRD, APU, and state models for Iowa corn and soybeans and North Dakota barley and spring wheat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

French, V.

1983-01-01

A comparison was made among the CEAS crop reporting district (CRD), agrophysical unit (APU), and state level multiple regression yield models for corn and soybeans in Iowa and barley and spring wheat in North Dakota. The best predictions were made by the state model for North Dakota spring wheat, by the APU models for barley, by the CRD models for Iowa soybeans, and by APU covariance models for Iowa corn. Because of this lack of consistency of model performance, CRD models would be recommended due to the availability of the data.

Acetochlor in the hydrologic system in the midwestern United States, 1994

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kolpin, D.W.; Nations, B.K.; Goolsby, D.A.; Thurman, E.M.

1996-01-01

The herbicide acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide] was given conditional registration in the United States by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in March 1994. This registration provided a rare opportunity to investigate the occurrence of a pesticide during its first season of extensive use in the midwestern United States. Water samples collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1994 documented the distribution of acetochlor in the hydrologic system; it was detected in 29% of the rain samples from four sites in Iowa, 17% of the stream samples from 51 sites across nine states, and 0% of the groundwater samples from 38 wells across eight states. Acetochlor exhibited concentration increases in rain and streams following its application to corn in the midwestern United States, with 75% of the rainwater and 35% of the stream samples having acetochlor detected during this time period. Acetochlor concentrations in rain decreased as the growing season progressed. Based on the limited data collected for this study, it is anticipated that acetochlor concentrations will have a seasonal pattern in rain and streams similar to those of other acetanilide herbicides examined. Possible explanations for the absence of acetochlor in groundwater for this study include the rapid degradation of acetochlor in the soil zone, insufficient time for this first extensive use of acetochlor to have reached the aquifers sampled, and the possible lack of acetochlor use in the recharge areas for the wells examined.

Retrospective ecotoxicological data and current information needs for terrestrial vertebrates residing in coastal habitat of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rattner, B.A.; Eisenreich, K.M.; Golden, N.H.; McKernan, M.A.; Hothem, R.L.; Custer, T.W.

2005-01-01

The Contaminant Exposure and Effects—Terrestrial Vertebrates (CEE-TV) database was developed to conduct simple searches for ecotoxicological information, examine exposure trends, and identify significant data gaps. The CEE-TV database contains 16,696 data records on free-ranging amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals residing in estuarine and coastal habitats of the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Great Lakes. Information in the database was derived from over 1800 source documents, representing 483 unique species (about 252,000 individuals), with sample collection dates spanning from 1884 to 2003. The majority of the records contain exposure data (generally contaminant concentrations) on a limited number (n = 209) of chlorinated and brominated compounds, cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, economic poisons, metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons, whereas only 9.3% of the records contain biomarker or bioindicator effects data. Temporal examination of exposure data provides evidence of declining concentrations of certain organochlorine pesticides in some avian species (e.g., ospreys, Pandion haliaetus), and an apparent increase in the detection and possibly the incidence of avian die-offs related to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. To identify spatial data gaps, 11,360 database records with specific sampling locations were combined with the boundaries of coastal watersheds, and National Wildlife Refuge and National Park units. Terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological data were lacking in 41.9% of 464 coastal watersheds in the continental United States. Recent (1990–2003) terrestrial vertebrate contaminant exposure or effects data were available for only about half of the National Wildlife Refuge and National Park units in the geographic area encompassed by the database. When these data gaps were overlaid on watersheds exhibiting serious water quality problems and/or high vulnerability to pollution, 72 coastal watersheds, and 76 National Wildlife Refuge and 59 National Park units in the continental United States were found to lack recent terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicology data. Delineation of data gaps in watersheds of concern can help prioritize monitoring in areas with impaired water quality and emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring to gain a more complete understanding of coastal ecosystem health.

Safety cases for medical devices and health information technology: involving health-care organisations in the assurance of safety.

PubMed

Sujan, Mark A; Koornneef, Floor; Chozos, Nick; Pozzi, Simone; Kelly, Tim

2013-09-01

In the United Kingdom, there are more than 9000 reports of adverse events involving medical devices annually. The regulatory processes in Europe and in the United States have been challenged as to their ability to protect patients effectively from unreasonable risk and harm. Two of the major shortcomings of current practice include the lack of transparency in the safety certification process and the lack of involvement of service providers. We reviewed recent international standardisation activities in this area, and we reviewed regulatory practices in other safety-critical industries. The review showed that the use of safety cases is an accepted practice in UK safety-critical industries, but at present, there is little awareness of this concept in health care. Safety cases have the potential to provide greater transparency and confidence in safety certification and to act as a communication tool between manufacturers, service providers, regulators and patients.

No Geographic Correlation between Lyme Disease and Death Due to 4 Neurodegenerative Disorders, United States, 2001-2010.

PubMed

Forrester, Joseph D; Kugeler, Kiersten J; Perea, Anna E; Pastula, Daniel M; Mead, Paul S

2015-11-01

Associations between Lyme disease and certain neurodegenerative diseases have been proposed, but supportive evidence for an association is lacking. Similar geographic distributions would be expected if 2 conditions were etiologically linked. Thus, we compared the distribution of Lyme disease cases in the United States with the distributions of deaths due to Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson disease; no geographic correlations were identified. Lyme disease incidence per US state was not correlated with rates of death due to ALS, MS, or Parkinson disease; however, an inverse correlation was detected between Lyme disease and Alzheimer disease. The absence of a positive correlation between the geographic distribution of Lyme disease and the distribution of deaths due to Alzheimer disease, ALS, MS, and Parkinson disease provides further evidence that Lyme disease is not associated with the development of these neurodegenerative conditions.

Health-Needs Assessment for West African Immigrants in Greater Providence, RI.

PubMed

Adu-Boahene, Akosua Boadiwaa; Laws, Michael Barton; Dapaah-Afriyie, Kwame

2017-01-06

African immigrants in the United States may experience barriers to health-care access and effectiveness. This mixed-methods study used paper-based surveys of people (N=101) in the target population from Nigeria, Ghana, and Liberia, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 clergy members who pastor churches with large Nigerian, Ghanaian, and Liberian populations, respectively; and five physicians and a clinical pharmacist who serve African immigrants. Length of stay in the United States was associated with the health status of refugee children. Undocumented immigration status was associated with lack of health insurance. Cardiovascular diseases, uterine fibroids and stress-related disorders were the most prevalent reported conditions. Regardless of English fluency, many immigrants are unfamiliar with medical terminology. African immigrants in the state of Rhode Island need more health education and resources to navigate the US health-care system. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-01.asp].

Health-Care Access in a Rural Area: Perspectives from Russian-Speaking Immigrants, English-Speaking Doctors, and Volunteer Interpreters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brua, Charles R.

2009-01-01

Health-care access for immigrants in the United States is often problematic because of language barriers, lack of health insurance, or differing expectations based on divergent medical systems in the U.S. and the immigrants' home countries. Such difficulties are exacerbated when a linguistic-minority population lives in a rural community that has…

Equal Access to Early Learning. Cantigny Conference Report (Chicago, Illinois, June 5-7, 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Black Child Development Inst., Inc., Washington, DC.

Despite a growing acknowledgement that the United States needs to invest more in the early care and education needs of children, the country lacks a common vision for a comprehensive approach to an early childhood care and education system. The Equal Access to Early Learning Conference, sponsored by the National Black Child Development Institute…

Business Language Studies in the United States: On Nomenclature, Context, Theory, and Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doyle, Michael Scott

2012-01-01

Although it has existed for many decades in the national curriculum of U.S. higher education, the study of languages for business purposes has lacked a more serviceable and academically communal name--a more rigorous toponymic identity--by which to identify itself as a theory-based field of scholarship. The intention here is to propose for…

Student Knowledge and Attitudes toward Older People and Their Impact on Pursuing Aging Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lun, Man Wai Alice

2011-01-01

The international community is facing the pressure of aging societies. In the United States of America, we will shortly be facing the aging of baby boomers, a dramatically large population expected to peak as senior citizens in 2030 at 70 million. Global societies are facing a crisis: lack of adequately trained and emotionally oriented personnel…

Lateral testing of glued laminated timber tudor arch

Treesearch

Douglas R. Rammer; Philip Line

2016-01-01

Glued laminated timber Tudor arches have been in wide use in the United States since the 1930s, but detailed knowledge related to seismic design in modern U.S. building codes is lacking. FEMA P-695 (P-695) is a methodology to determine seismic performance factors for a seismic force resisting system. A limited P-695 study for glued laminated timber arch structures...

Fuel treatment effectiveness in reducing fire intensity and spread rate - An experimental overview

Treesearch

Eric Mueller; Nicholas Skowronski; Albert Simeoni; Kenneth Clark; Robert Kremens; William Mell; Michael Gallagher; Jan Thomas; Alexander Filkov; Mohamad El Houssami; John Hom; Bret Butler

2014-01-01

Fuel treatments represent a significant component of the wildfire mitigation strategy in the United States. However, the lack of research aimed at quantifying the explicit effectiveness of fuel treatments in reducing wildfire intensity and spread rate limits our ability to make educated decisions about the type and placement of these treatments. As part of a larger...

Global Oncology Volunteering: Making an Effective Contribution.

PubMed

Galassi, Annette; Pradhan, Rachna; Palat, Gayatri; LeBaron, Virginia T

2017-09-01

Elements of a good health system are lacking in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and in many high-income countries, including the United States. 
A major problem is financing health care. On average, about 50% of healthcare financing in low-income countries comes from out-of-pocket payments, compared to 30% in middle-income countries and 14% in high-income countries.

Economic Impact of Hearing Loss and Reduction of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neitzel, Richard L.; Swinburn, Tracy K.; Hammer, Monica S.; Eisenberg, Daniel

2017-01-01

Purpose: Hearing loss (HL) is pervasive and debilitating, and noise-induced HL is preventable by reducing environmental noise. Lack of economic analyses of HL impacts means that prevention and treatment remain a low priority for public health and environmental investment. Method: This article estimates the costs of HL on productivity by building…

Measurements, datasets and preliminary results from the RxCADRE project-2008, 2011 and 2012

Treesearch

Roger D. Ottmar; J. Kevin Hiers; Bret W. Butler; Craig B. Clements; Matthew B. Dickinson; Andrew T. Hudak; Joseph O' Brien; Brian E. Potter; Eric M. Rowell; Tara M. Strand; Thomas J. Zajkowski

2016-01-01

The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the southeastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in six integrated core science disciplines defined by the fire modelling community. These were...

The Creation of a Subculture: The Decline of the Arts in a Society Dominated by Technology, Science, and Economics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mains, Ronda M.

2007-01-01

The concept of two cultures recognized by Charles Percy Snow may have implications beyond a lack of understanding and respect between two conflicting worlds of intellectuals. This widening chasm in the United States affects the education of our public school students. Technology and economics, intelligence testing, the "No Child Left Behind…

Improving Species Composition in Mismanaged Bottomland Hardwood Stands in Western Alabama

Treesearch

Troy S. Taylor; Edward F. Loewenstein; Arthur H. Chappelka

2004-01-01

Forests of the Coastal Plain of Alabama are among the most diverse, productive, and complex in the United States. Long-term mismanagement, however, coupled with a lack of refined scientific knowledge on bottomland oak silvical characteristics and on their regeneration dynamics, has resulted in a reduction in both the quantity and quality of the oak component in many of...

Genecology and seed zones for tapertip onion in the US Great Basin

Treesearch

R. C. Johnson; Barbara C. Hellier; Ken W. Vance-Borland

2013-01-01

The choice of germplasm is critical for sustainable restoration, yet seed transfer guidelines are lacking for all but a few herbaceous species. Seed transfer zones based on genetic variability and climate were developed using tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum Hook.) collected in the Great Basin and surrounding areas in the United States. Bulbs from 53 locations were...

Who Is Going to Build the Wall? A Building Trades Crisis in the U.S.A.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toppin, Ian

2018-01-01

The context of this study was to examine factors contributing to significant workforce shortages in building trades in the United States. As it is, recruitment of qualified skilled trades workers is becoming increasingly difficult due to lack of a pipeline of prospective workers, and training programs. The study assumed a theoretical inquiry…

Skills Education for Adult Tibetan Immigrants in the United States: Identification, Prioritization, Resources, and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeshi, Tenzin

2012-01-01

Generally, the Global Tibetan Professional Network of North America (GTPN-NA) considers lack of skills a problem among adult Tibetan immigrants. The GTPN-NA is a non-profit, volunteer-based networking forum focusing on Tibetan professionals and students from North America. By skills education, it means skills that may help support the transition…

Examining Psychometric Dimensions of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Inventory: A Cross-Country Comparison between Taiwan and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Ching-I

2013-01-01

The Taiwanese early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) system is modeled after the federal legislation and practices of the U.S., incorporating specific cultural beliefs in Taiwan. Nonetheless, in EI/ECSE assessments, several challenges are presented, including: (a) limited resources and funding, (b) lack of reliable and…

Instrumental and Expressive Education: College Planning in the Face of Poverty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deterding, Nicole M.

2015-01-01

Nearly all young people in the United States aspire to a college degree, but many fail to complete college in a timely manner. Does this lack of attainment reflect abandoned college plans? I analyze mixed-methods data from a five-year study of 700 low-income mothers at two Louisiana community colleges. Hurricane Katrina displaced respondents and…

Quantitative trait loci mapping of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. citroides using genotyping-by-sequencing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

One of the most devastating watermelon diseases worldwide, Fusarium wilt, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). Spread of the particularly virulent Fon race 2 in the United States, coupled with the lack of resistance in edible cultivars of the sweet cultivated watermelon Citrullus lan...

Computer Science Lesson Study: Building Computing Skills among Elementary School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Thomas R.

2017-01-01

The lack of diversity in the technology workforce in the United States has proven to be a stubborn problem, resisting even the most well-funded reform efforts. With the absence of computer science education in the mainstream K-12 curriculum, only a narrow band of students in public schools go on to careers in technology. The problem persists…

Visitor diversity on national forests-how should managers respond?

Treesearch

Cassandra Johnson; D.B.K English

2007-01-01

Historically, Anglo Americans have been the primary clientèle at nature-based outdoor recreation areas in the United States (Chavez 2001, Dunn et al. 2002). Goldsmith (1 994) highlighted the lack of racial and ethnic diversity among National Park visitors. Citing a Texas A&M study, Goldsmith (1994) reported that less than 1 % of car visitors to Yosemite National...

Providing High-Quality Support Services to Home-Based Child Care: A Conceptual Model and Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bromer, Juliet; Korfmacher, Jon

2017-01-01

Research Findings: Home-based child care accounts for a significant proportion of nonparental child care arrangements for young children in the United States. Yet the early care and education field lacks clear models or pathways for how to improve quality in these settings. The conceptual model presented here articulates the components of…

Lack of evidence for erm(B) infiltration into erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. from commercial turkey production in the southeastern United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In Campylobacter spp., resistance to erythromycin and other macrolides has typically implicated ribosomal mutations, especially substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene. In 2014, the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) was reported for the first time in Campylobacter, and shown to be harbored in a multidrug ...

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors: Investigation of an Educational Intervention Strategy with At-Risk Females

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rustvold, Susan Romano

2012-01-01

A self-perpetuating cycle of poor health literacy and poor oral health knowledge and behavior affects approximately 90 million people in the United States, most especially those from low-income groups and other at-risk populations such as those with addiction. Poor oral health can result from lack of access to regular preventive dental…

MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES OF THE ST. CROIX AND WISCONSIN RIVERS: AN INITIAL APPLICATION OF THE LARGE RIVER BIOASSESSMENT PROTOCOL (LR-BP) IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

Since passage of the Clean Water Act, government agencies have made extensive use of biomonitoring protocols to report on the quality of wadeable streams and rivers. Non-wadeable systems have been largely overlooked because of sampling difficulties and a lack of appropriate metho...

A Case Study of Periodical Use by Library and Information Science Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivins, Tammy

2013-01-01

There is a lack of information in the literature about the sources used for research by modern Master of Library and Information Science students in the United States, and so the objective of this project is to understand the use of periodical articles by these students. Specifically: do articles play a major role in student research, how current…

Security Cooperation Missions in Africa: Is the United States Conducting the Correct Types of Security Cooperation Missions in the African Continent?

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

of people on advanced medicine has significantly increased; however, HIV still remains a lingering threat. Malaria and polio also continue to take a...toll on children due to the lack of vaccinations . 3 Based on this, there is a dire need to establish and/or reinforce an existing preventive

The Utility of Needs Analysis for Nondomain Expert Instructors in Designing Task-Based Spanish for the Professions Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serafini, Ellen J.; Torres, Julio

2015-01-01

The demand for Spanish for specific purposes (SSP) university courses in the United States has prompted widespread curricular change in language departments over the last two decades (Klee, 2015; Sánchez-López, 2013). However, many instructors lack the tools and training needed to design SSP curricula that meet learners' communicative needs in…

Religious Literacy, Textbooks, and Religious Neutrality. CRIS Occasional Papers in Religion & Ethics No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nord, Warren A.

One reason for a lack of religious literacy among undergraduates and members of society at large is the virtual absence of religion in high school textbooks. Thirty high school textbooks approved for use in North Carolina in the fields of United States and world history, economics, home economics, and biology were reviewed. The review revealed the…

African American College Students: Literacy of Depression and Help Seeking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stansbury, Kim L.; Wimsatt, Maureen; Simpson, Gaynell Marie; Martin, Fayetta; Nelson, Nancy

2011-01-01

Depression is a serious public health concern in the United States affecting almost 18.8 million adults. It is a common mental disorder in college students, with estimates of 1 in 4 "experiencing an episode by age 24." African American college students are at an elevated risk for depression due to racism, stress, sleep deprivation, and lack of…

Free Tax Assistance and the Earned Income Tax Credit: Vital Resources for Social Workers and Low-Income Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Younghee; DeJohn, Tara V.; Murray, Drew

2012-01-01

As the United States' economy continues to experience challenges, more families at or near the poverty level fall prey to predatory financial practices. Their vulnerability to these operations is increased by a lack of knowledge of asset-building resources and alternative financial services. This article focuses on Volunteer Income Tax Assistance…

A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academies Press, 2012

2012-01-01

Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S.…

Land-cover change and avian diversity in the conterminous United States

Treesearch

Chadwick D. Rittenhouse; Anna M. Pidgeon; Thomas P. Albright; Patrick D. Culbert; Murray K. Clayton; Curtis H. Flather; Jeffrey G. Masek; Volker C. Radeloff

2012-01-01

Changes in land use and land cover have affected and will continue to affect biological diversity worldwide. Yet, understanding the spatially extensive effects of land-cover change has been challenging because data that are consistent over space and time are lacking. We used the U.S. National Land Cover Dataset Land Cover Change Retrofit Product and North American...

Understanding Earnings Inequality in Appalachia: Skill Upgrading versus Rising Returns to Skill

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research, 2007

2007-01-01

The Appalachian region is one of the most persistently poor areas of the United States. A focal explanation for the weak economic performance over the years is the fact that Appalachia has long lagged behind other regions in terms of the supply of skilled workers, particularly those with higher levels of education attainment, and this lack of…

Development of fine-leaved Festuca grass populations identified genetic resources having potential for improved forage production and wildfire control in the western United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Drought and heat tolerant fine-leaved fescue (Festuca ssp.) grasses have potential as components in rangeland greenstrips for wildfire control in semi-arid climates. However, such fine-leaved grasses have been difficult to identify because of specific adaptations, lack of late maturity, and often p...

Federal Education Funding: Multiple Programs and Lack of Data Raise Efficiency and Effectiveness Concerns (Supplemental Information to Testimony).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Human Services Div.

In 1997, United States Senator Barbara Boxer asked the General Accounting Office to address certain questions she had about education programs. The answers to her questions are provided in this report. The information centers on five areas: (1) the definitions and criteria used to identify the number of federal education programs and departments…

Staff Perceptions of the Effect of the Leader in Me on Student Motivation and Peer Relationships in Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tidd, Charlene

2016-01-01

Staff and student surveys at Lane Elementary School (pseudonym) confirm that students lack motivation to complete class work and often struggle to interact appropriately with one another. Similar concerns are reported across the United States as indicated by national Gallup Poll results on student motivation, peer relationships, and feelings of…

Assessing the Influence of Smart Mobile Devices on How Employees Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorski, Adam L.

2017-01-01

The smart mobile device market penetration reached 50% and has been increasing an average of 39% per year in the United States. More than 70% of the smart mobile device owners use such devices for personal and work activities. The problem was the lack of management's understanding of the effect smart mobile device use has on how employees work…

Toward a Model of Professional Social Media Use for Teachers' Informal Professional Development: A Delphi Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaiser, Heather

2017-01-01

The effectiveness of teacher professional development (PD) has been scrutinized for decades. Although scholars generally agree that collaboration is a critical component of sustainable PD, among schools in the United States, time for collaboration embedded within the school day is lacking. In the most recent era of social media, school districts…

An Approach to Improving Science Knowledge about Energy Balance and Nutrition among Elementary- and Middle-School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moreno, Nancy P.; Denk, James P.; Roberts, J. Kyle; Tharp, Barbara Z.; Bost, Michelle; Thomson, William A.

2004-01-01

Unhealthy diets, lack of fitness, and obesity are serious problems in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control, Surgeon General, and Department of Health and Human Services are calling for action to address these problems. Scientists and educators at Baylor College of Medicine and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute teamed…

A Young Child's Perspectives on Outdoor Play: A Case Study from Vancouver, British Columbia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beattie, A. Elizabeth

2015-01-01

There has been an increasing amount of concern about the lack of direct exposure that young children have to nature and the outdoors in Canada and the United States, leading to an increase in outdoor- and nature-based learning models for young children. However, very little research has been done in the field of early childhood environmental…

The Attitudes of Asian Americans toward Affirmative Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teranishi, Robert

2017-01-01

Asian Americans are increasingly a factor in the political life of the United States, which makes it important to gain an accurate rendering of their position on key social issues that impact the nation. One area where there is a lack of understanding about the position of Asian Americans is with the issue of affirmative action. The 80-20 National…

An Analysis of Facebook Intensity and Privacy Management Practices of Public School Educators in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neely, Laura Sue Perry

2011-01-01

Social networking sites like Facebook continue to gain popularity among all segments of the population (boyd & Ellison, 2007; Madden & Smith, 2010). Public school employees all over the country are finding themselves facing disciplinary action due to participation in this fast growing fad. The problem is that there is a lack of clarity in the…

Hydrology of southwestern encinal oak ecosystems: A review and more

Treesearch

Gerald J. Gottfried; Peter F. Ffolliott; Daniel G. Neary

2007-01-01

Information about the hydrology of oak ecosystems of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico is lacking (Lopes and Ffolliott 1992, Baker et al. 1995) even though the woodlands and savannas cover more than 31,000 square miles. These ecosystems generally are found between 4,000 and 7,300 feet in elevation. Precipitation occurs in the winter and summer and...

Learning to Teach Elementary Science in an Experiential, Informal Context: Culture, Learning, and Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, Carolyn S.; Brooks, Lori

2015-01-01

Lack of time for teaching science in traditional classroom placements in the United States has led some science teacher educators to provide practice teaching time for elementary education students in informal science settings. The purposes of this study were to describe the culture of one science methods course taught in conjunction with a K-7…

Out-FOXing Pancreatic Cancer | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types worldwide with increasing incidence and mortality rates in the United States. Consequently, it is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2020. Poor patient outcomes are due to a combination of diagnosis at an advanced stage and a lack of effective treatments. However, a better understanding of

PICs, TECs and LECs: Lessons to Be Learnt from the Differences between the USA Private Industry Councils and Britain's Training and Enterprise Councils.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Robert J.

1994-01-01

Comparison of Britain's Training and Enterprise Councils/Local Enterprise Companies with the United States' Private Industry Councils (PICs) shows common problems: inadequate financing, labor market fragmentation, staff turnover, and lack of national strategy. PICs have a clearer mission and greater success in developing partnerships with local…

The Satisfaction of Pretended Insight: The Iranian Crisis in Selected U.S. Editorial Cartoons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeSousa, Michael A.

An examination of a year's worth of editorial cartoons portraying the U.S. hostage crisis in Iran indicates a surprising lack of coverage or treatment of the deposed Shah and his subsequent admission into the United States as factors precipitating the crisis. Throughout the crisis, cartoonists focused on providing readers with some insight into…

Nursing Educator Retention: The Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Intent to Stay among Nursing Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamlin, Amy S.

2013-01-01

The United States is in the midst of an increasingly worsening shortage of registered nurses, due, in part, to the nursing educator shortage. Further, nursing programs nationwide are turning away qualified applicants because of a lack of nursing educators. Unfortunately, the nursing educator shortage is not a problem that will be easily fixed. As…

Toward understanding genotype x environment interactions on flowering and fruiting in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)industry in the United States has declined over the past 75 years due to a lack of new cultivars to meet the needs of the growers and consumers. The health benefits of dark fruits, especially black raspberry, are well documented and this has led to renewed int...

The U. S. in Third World Communications: Latin America, 1900-1945. Journalism Monographs Number Eighty-Six.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fejes, Fred

The media imperialism approach to studies of communications in South America lacks sensitivity to the historical dimension, and tends to define the issues of western media imperialism in the context of the United States post-World War II ascendancy to world power. Through an examination of the expansion of U. S. communication interests into Latin…

Global Leadership Competencies in Selected Adult Education Graduate Programs in the United States and Western Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCrory, Arthur Ray; James, Waynne B.

2016-01-01

Researchers in the field of global leadership have reported a lack of qualified leadership candidates who are able to perform from a global perspective. Adult education graduate programs represent a unique pool of aspirants to help fill this gap. In 2014, the Commission of Professors of Adult Education (CPAE) published updated Standards for…

77 FR 39164 - Safety Zone; KULLUK, Outer Continental Shelf Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU), Beaufort Sea, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-02

... sensitivity of the environmental and subsistence importance to the indigenous population; (4) the lack of any... Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act and 33 C.F.R 147. Accordingly, State and Local law enforcement... due to the location of the MODU KULLUK on the Outer Continental Shelf and its distance from both land...

Illuminating the Experiences of African-American Nursing Faculty Seeking Employment in Higher Education in Nursing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loyd, Vanessa

2015-01-01

This study explored and described the experience of female African-American nursing faculty seeking employment in higher education in nursing. The lack of diversity in the nursing workforce has been attributed as a major underlying cause of disparity in healthcare in the United States. The importance of increasing the number of minority nursing…

34 CFR 30.62 - When does the Secretary forego interest, administrative costs, or penalties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of the United States. (c) The Secretary may exercise waiver under paragraph (b)(1) of this section without regard to the amount of the debt. (d) The Secretary may exercise waiver under paragraph (b)(2) of... indication of fault or lack of good faith on the part of the debtor; and (3) The amount of interest...

Discovering the Needs Assessment of Qualified STEM Teachers for the High-Need Schools in South Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Jeong; Lee, Young; Park, Sung; Wong-Ratcliff, Monica; Ahangar, Reza; Mundy, Marie-Anne

2015-01-01

Concerns are arising in the United States that a majority of secondary school students fail to achieve mathematics and science proficiency due to teachers who lack adequate knowledge of the subjects. The concerns over shortages of mathematics and science teachers have also reached new heights. In Texas high schools, the teaching areas in…

Teaching Media and Culture of the Middle East to American Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muhtaseb, Ahlam; Algan, Ece; Bennett, Anne

2014-01-01

Americans know very little about the Middle East in general despite the fact that the region is at the heart of American foreign policy. While no one doubts the importance of teaching the history, culture, and politics of the Middle East in the United States, lack of basic knowledge coupled with the strong antipathy toward Arabs and Muslims make…

Determining forest carbon stock losses due to wildfire disturbance in the Western United States

Treesearch

John M. Zobel; John W. Coulston

2015-01-01

Quantifying carbon stock losses after wildfire events is challenging due to the lack of detailed information before and after the disturbance. We propose to use the extensive Western FIA database (including periodic and annual inventories) to recreate pre- and post-fire conditions to better estimate actual carbon losses. Methods include using remeasurement date where...

Two species within Dedroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): evidence from morphological, karyological, molecular, and crossing studies.

Treesearch

Francisco Armendariz-Toledano; Alicia Nino; Brian Sullivan; Jorge Macias-Samano; Javier Victor; Stephen R. Clarke; Gerardo Zuniga

2014-01-01

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann is considered one of the most important economic and ecological forest pests in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Recently, two apparent morphological variants of this species were discovered occurring syntopically in Central America and southern Mexico. Morphotype A beetles lack a series of Þne parallel ridges on the...

Adults with Poor Reading Skills: How Lexical Knowledge Interacts with Scores on Standardized Reading Comprehension Tests

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKoon, Gai; Ratcliff, Roger

2016-01-01

Millions of adults in the United States lack the necessary literacy skills for most living wage jobs. For students from adult learning classes, we used a lexical decision task to measure their knowledge of words and we used a decision-making model (Ratcliff's, 1978, diffusion model) to abstract the mechanisms underlying their performance from…

Taking on the Perspective of the Other: Understanding Parents' and Teachers' Perceptions of Parent Involvement in Students' Educational Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Rene M.

2011-01-01

Parent involvement is considered a vital educational factor that is associated with students' academic success. Engaging parents in the educational process is a challenge confronting many school districts across the United States. This is a significant problem for schools in low socioeconomic communities where lack of resources for parents and…

Gateway to Opportunity: A History of the Community College in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, J. M.

2011-01-01

Can the U.S. keep its dominant economic position in the world economy with only 30% of its population holding bachelor's degrees? If the majority of U.S. citizens lack a higher education, can the U.S. live up to its democratic principles and preserve its political institutions? These questions raise the critical issue of access to higher…

Making a Global Impact: The United States' Role in Training International Students as Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Roy K.; Ong, Lee Za; Brodwin, Martin G.

2008-01-01

The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 10% of the world's population has some kind of disability (Poverty and Disability, 2000), yet many of the individuals who live in developing nations lack access to rehabilitation services. In this paper the authors share their concerns and rationale regarding the role of the United…

Web Accessibility in Europe and the United States: What We Are Doing to Increase Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheaton, Joseph; Bertini, Patrizia

2007-01-01

Accessibility is hardly a new problem and certainly did not originate with the Web. Lack of access to buildings long preceded the call for accessible Web content. Although it is unlikely that rehabilitation educators look at Web page accessibility with indifference, many may also find it difficult to implement. The authors posit three reasons why…

Characteristics of Career and Technical Education Faculty across Institutions of Higher Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fletcher, Edward C., Jr.

2018-01-01

The purpose of this article was to examine faculty characteristics of CTE programs across the nation as well as identify the challenges and successes of implementing programs. Findings pointed to the overall decline of CTE full-time-equivalent faculty and the increase of adjunct faculty. In addition, findings demonstrated a lack of ethnic and…

The challenges of standardizing colonial waterbird survey protocols - what is working? What is not?

Treesearch

Melanie Steinkamp; Peter Frederick; Katharine Parsons; Harry Carter; Mike Parker

2005-01-01

Our ability to manage and conserve colonial waterbird species throughout Mexico, Meso-America, Canada, the Caribbean nations, and the United States is presently hampered by a lack of reliable information on the status and trends of their populations, information that can only be obtained by collecting comparable data using standardized data collection techniques that...

The Need for a Black Financial Infrastructure for Black Economic Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lloyd, R. Grann

1979-01-01

The underdevelopment of Blacks in the United States is due primarily to the lack of equal educational opportunities and to the denial of opportunity for on-the-job experience and training. If it is true that most capital formation must come from the savings of the developing group, the Black economy is likely to remain poor. (Author/RLV)

Mobile Phone Use in Psychiatry Residents in the United States: Multisite Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

PubMed

Gipson, Shih; Torous, John; Boland, Robert; Conrad, Erich

2017-11-01

Mobile technology ownership in the general US population and medical professionals is increasing, leading to increased use in clinical settings. However, data on use of mobile technology by psychiatry residents remain unclear. In this study, our aim was to provide data on how psychiatric residents use mobile phones in their clinical education as well as barriers relating to technology use. An anonymous, multisite survey was given to psychiatry residents in 2 regions in the United States, including New Orleans and Boston, to understand their technology use. All participants owned mobile phones, and 79% (54/68) used them to access patient information. The majority do not use mobile phones to implement pharmacotherapy (62%, 42/68) or psychotherapy plans (90%, 61/68). The top 3 barriers to using mobile technology in clinical care were privacy concerns (56%, 38/68), lack of clinical guidance (40%, 27/68), and lack of evidence (29%, 20/68). We conclude that developing a technology curriculum and engaging in research could address these barriers to using mobile phones in clinical practice. ©Shih Gipson, John Torous, Robert Boland, Erich Conrad. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 01.11.2017.

New DEA rules expand options for controlled substance disposal.

PubMed

Peterson, David M

2015-03-01

Prescription drug abuse and overdose are rapidly growing problems in the United States. The United States federal Disposal of Controlled Substances Rule became effective 9 October 2014, implementing the Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 (Disposal Act). These regulations target escalating prescription drug misuse by reducing accumulation of unused controlled substances that may be abused, diverted or accidentally ingested. Clinical areas that can now participate in collecting unused controlled substances include retail pharmacies, hospitals or clinics with an onsite pharmacy, and narcotic treatment programs. Collection methods include placing a controlled substance collection receptacle or instituting a mail-back program. Because prompt onsite destruction of collected items is required of mail-back programs, collection receptacles are more likely to be used in clinical areas. Retail pharmacies and hospitals or clinics with an onsite pharmacy may also place and maintain collection receptacles at long-term care facilities. The Act and Rule are intended to increase controlled substance disposal methods and expand local involvement in collection of unused controlled substances. Potential barriers to participating in controlled substance collection include acquisition of suitable collection receptacles and liners, lack of available space meeting the necessary criteria, lack of employee time for verification and inventory requirements, and program costs.

Verification of the ages of supercentenarians in the United States: results of a matching study.

PubMed

Rosenwaike, Ira; Stone, Leslie F

2003-11-01

Unprecedented declines in mortality among the very old have led to the emergence of "true" supercentenarians (persons aged 110 and over). The ages of these individuals have been well-documented in European countries with a history of birth registration, but have not been systematically studied in the United States, which lacks similar documentation and where the inaccuracy of age reporting has been an issue. To verify age, we linked records from the Social Security Administration for close to 700 individuals who died from 1980 to 1999 purportedly at ages 110 and older to records of the U.S. censuses of 1880 and 1900, conducted when these individuals were children. This group was a residual group from an earlier file that was reduced by the SSA after data checks that eliminated incorrect records. The results of the matched records for the residual file indicate that over 90% of the whites were accurately reported as supercentenarians, but only half of the blacks appeared to have attained age 110. The verification of age shows that the United States has more "true" supercentenarians than do other nations.

What are the consequences of disregarding a "do not resuscitate directive" in the United States?

PubMed

Saitta, Nicole Marie; Hodge, Samuel D

2013-12-01

Does a valid cause of action exist against a health care provider who intentionally disregards a "do-not resuscitate order," prolonging a patient's life? Wrongful prolongation of life has not gained traction in the United States. Although the issue has garnered media attention and has raised awareness of advanced directives, physicians still may disregard a patient's last wishes for fear of legal reprisal or due to lack of communication. This article examines key cases and explains the differences between living wills, advanced directives and proxies. Claims have been advanced under theories of battery, Constitutional violations, breach of contract, infliction of emotional distress, and negligence, but no cause of action has allowed monetary damages. Courts maintain that it is not their place to judge an impaired life as being less valuable than no life. A state-by-state analysis of legislation concerning advanced directives follows along with a discussion of the Patient Self-Determination Act.

Setting up a mobile dental practice within your present office structure.

PubMed

Morreale, James P; Dimitry, Susan; Morreale, Mark; Fattore, Isabella

2005-02-01

Different service models have emerged in Canada and the United States to address the issue of senior citizens' lack of access to comprehensive dental care. Over the past decade, one such model, the use of mobile dental service units, has emerged as a practical strategy. This article describes a mobile unit, operated as an adjunct to the general practitioner's office and relying mainly on existing office resources, both human and capital, to deliver services at long-term care institutions. The essential components of a profitable geriatric mobile unit are described, including education, equipment, marketing research and development, and human resource management. Issues related to patient consent and operating expenditures are also discussed. Data from one practitioner's mobile dental unit, in Hamilton, Ontario, are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and profitability of this approach.

Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Facility Siting and Policy Considerations: International Comparison

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cook, Jeffrey J.; Booth, Samuel

Carbon fiber is increasingly used in a wide variety of applications due largely to its superior material properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio. The current global carbon fiber manufacturing industry is predominately located in China, Europe, Japan, and the United States. The carbon fiber market is expected to expand significantly through 2024 and to require additional manufacturing capacity to meet demand. Carbon fiber manufacturing facilities can offer significant economic development and employment opportunities as exemplified by the $1 billion investment and 500 jobs expected at a new Toray plant in Moore, South Carolina. Though the market is expected to expand,more » it is unclear where new manufacturing facilities will locate to meet demand. This uncertainty stems from the lack of research evaluating how different nations with significant carbon fiber manufacturing capacity compare as it relates to certain manufacturing facility siting factors such as costs of labor and energy as well as policy directed at supporting carbon fiber development, domestic deployment, and exports. This report fills these gaps by evaluating the top carbon fiber manufacturing countries, including China, European Union countries, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. The report documents how the United States compares to these countries based on a range of manufacturing siting considerations and existing policies related to carbon fiber. It concludes with a discussion of various policy options the United States could adopt to both (1) increase the competitiveness of the United States as it relates to attracting new carbon fiber manufacturing and (2) foster broader end-use markets for deployment.« less

Attitude of Pharmacy Students Towards a Nutrition Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syed Abdul, Majid Mufaqam

Today's pharmacists are likely to encounter questions about nutritional products sold in the pharmacy. This is due, in part, to the increased number of pharmacies attached to grocery stores and the availability of pharmacists. Many pharmacists report they lack nutritional knowledge and believe the best time to educate pharmacists about nutrition is during pharmacy school. This study was conducted to determine if today's pharmacy students receive education in nutrition and if they realize the importance of nutrition education. Two hundred and twenty five students from India and ninety five students from the United States currently attending pharmacy school were surveyed. Results showed only 3.5% of students from India and 13.6% of students from the United States received nutrition education during their pharmacy degree curriculum. In addition, 81.8% of students from India and 82.9% of students from the United States who had taken a course in nutrition believed a nutrition course should be incorporated into the pharmacy degree curriculum. When pharmacy-related experience was taken into account, 92.9% of students from India and 73.3% of students from the United States also believed a nutrition course should be incorporated into the pharmacy degree curriculum. Overall, 88% of students from India and 70.5% of students from the United States believed nutrition education was important and should be included in the pharmacy degree curriculum. Results of this study suggest the majority of today's pharmacy students believe a nutrition course should be incorporated into the pharmacy degree curriculum regardless of past nutrition education or pharmacy-related experience.

The impact of socioeconomic inequalities and lack of health insurance on physical functioning among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

PubMed

Kim, Jinhyun; Richardson, Virginia

2012-01-01

Socioeconomic inequalities and lack of private health insurance have been viewed as significant contributors to health disparities in the United States. However, few studies have examined their impact on physical functioning over time, especially in later life. The current study investigated the impact of socioeconomic inequalities and lack of private health insurance on individuals' growth trajectories in physical functioning, as measured by activities of daily living. Data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994-2006) were used for this study, 6519 black and white adults who provided in-depth information about health, socioeconomic, financial and health insurance information were analysed. Latent growth curve modelling was used to estimate the initial level of physical functioning and its rate of change over time. Results showed that higher level of income and assets and having private health insurance significantly predicted better physical functioning. In particular, decline in physical functioning was slower among those who had private health insurance. Interestingly, changes in economic status, such as decreases in income and assets, had a greater impact on women's physical functioning than on men's. Black adults did not suffer more rapid declines in physical functioning than white adults after controlling for socioeconomic status. The current longitudinal study suggested that anti-poverty and health insurance policies should be enhanced to reduce the negative impact of socioeconomic inequalities on physical functioning throughout an individual's life course. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

[Direct to consumer genetic testing: is it the moment?].

PubMed

Lamoril, Jérôme; Bogard, Marc

2016-01-01

Since the development of new human genome sequencing technologies at the beginning of the 2000, commercial companies have developped direct to consumer genomic services, which means without medical prescription. From 2007 to 2013, many companies have offered services assesing associated risk with human public health in the world especially in the United States. This kind of company is forbidden in France. From 2009 to 2013, in United States, under the pressure of national or state health administrations, these companies have been progressively forbidden. However, in certain parts of the world, companies are still offering such services. The latter raise many different questions such as ethical, juridical, medical, scientific, educative, professional one. Many studies and debates have demonstrated their limit and the lack of usefulness and advantage in the field of human health for the time being. The commercialization of this type of services has arrived all too soon et is not yet ripe. In our time of globalization, with the lack of international rules controlling direct access to genetic services in the field of human health, there is an urgent need to regulate. International administrations and politicians must act fast. Inevitably, under the pressure of lobbies and citizens, companies (multinational or not) will develop especially as 1) new sequencing technologies evolve rapidly, 2) are cheaper from year to year, 3) scientific and medical knowledges are progressing quickly, 4) services are spreading faster through the web and other networks.

International comparative analyses of healthcare risk management.

PubMed

Sun, Niuyun; Wang, Li; Zhou, Jun; Yuan, Qiang; Zhang, Zongjiu; Li, Youping; Liang, Minghui; Cheng, Lan; Gao, Guangming; Cui, Xiaohui

2011-02-01

Interpretation of the growing body of global literature on health care risk is compromised by a lack of common understanding and language. This series of articles aims to comprehensively compare laws and regulations, institutional management, and administration of incidence reporting systems on medical risk management in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Taiwan, so as to provide evidence and recommendations for health care risk management policy in China. We searched the official websites of the healthcare risk management agencies of the four countries and one district for laws, regulatory documents, research reports, reviews and evaluation forms concerned with healthcare risk management and assessment. Descriptive comparative analysis was performed on relevant documents. A total of 146 documents were included in this study, including 2 laws (1.4%), 17 policy documents (11.6%), 41 guidance documents (28.1%), 37 reviews (25.3%), and 49 documents giving general information (33.6%). The United States government implemented one law and one rule of patient safety management, while the United Kingdom and Australia each issued professional guidances on patient safety improvement. The four countries implemented patient safety management policy on four different levels: national, state/province, hospital, and non-governmental organization. The four countries and one district adopted four levels of patient safety management, and the administration modes can be divided into an "NGO-led mode" represented by the United States and Canada and a "government-led mode" represented by the United Kingdom, Australia, and Taiwan. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

Biomarker Testing for Personalized Therapy in Lung Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

PubMed

Hirsch, Fred R; Zaric, Bojan; Rabea, Ahmed; Thongprasert, Sumitra; Lertprasertsuke, Nirush; Dalurzo, Mercedes Liliana; Varella-Garcia, Marileila

2017-01-01

There have been many important advances in personalized therapy for patients with lung cancer, particularly for those with advanced disease. Molecular testing is crucial for implementation of personalized therapy. Although the United States and many Western countries have come far in the implementation of personalized therapy for lung cancer, there are substantial challenges for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the LMICs display great heterogeneity in the pattern of implementation of molecular testing and targeted therapy. The current review presents an attempt to identify the challenges and obstacles for the implementation of molecular testing and the use of targeted therapies in these areas. Lack of infrastructure, lack of technical expertise, economic factors, and lack of access to new drugs are among the substantial barriers.

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America

PubMed Central

Mann, Brian R.; McMullen, Allison R.; Swetnam, Daniele M.; Barrett, Alan D. T.

2013-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype). Both genotypes co-circulate to date. Subsequent WNV surveillance studies have confirmed additional genotypes in the United States that have become extinct due to lack of a selective advantage or stochastic effect; however, the dynamic emergence, displacement, and extinction of multiple WNV genotypes in the US from 1999–2012 indicates the continued evolution of WNV in North America. PMID:24135819

Compact localized states and flat-band generators in one dimension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maimaiti, Wulayimu; Andreanov, Alexei; Park, Hee Chul; Gendelman, Oleg; Flach, Sergej

2017-03-01

Flat bands (FB) are strictly dispersionless bands in the Bloch spectrum of a periodic lattice Hamiltonian, recently observed in a variety of photonic and dissipative condensate networks. FB Hamiltonians are fine-tuned networks, still lacking a comprehensive generating principle. We introduce a FB generator based on local network properties. We classify FB networks through the properties of compact localized states (CLS) which are exact FB eigenstates and occupy U unit cells. We obtain the complete two-parameter FB family of two-band d =1 networks with nearest unit cell interaction and U =2 . We discover a novel high symmetry sawtooth chain with identical hoppings in a transverse dc field, easily accessible in experiments. Our results pave the way towards a complete description of FBs in networks with more bands and in higher dimensions.

Latinos and political advocacy for cancer control in a United States-Mexico border community.

PubMed

Murray, Kate E; Barbour, Lynda; Morlett, Alejandra; Garcini, Luz

2014-01-01

Health policy interventions provide powerful tools for addressing health disparities. The Latino community is one of the fastest growing communities in the United States yet is largely underrepresented in government and advocacy efforts. This study includes 42 Latino adults (M age = 45 years) who participated in focus group discussions and completed a brief questionnaire assessing their experiences with political health advocacy. Qualitative analyses revealed participants considered cancer a concern for the Latino community, but there was a lack of familiarity with political advocacy and its role in cancer control. Participants identified structural, practical, cultural, and contextual barriers to engaging in political health advocacy. This article presents a summary of the findings that suggest alternative ways to engage Latinos in cancer control advocacy.

Genetic structure in the Anaxyrus boreas species group (anura, Bufonidae): an evaluation of the Southern Rocky Mountain population

USGS Publications Warehouse

Switzer, John F.; Johnson, Robin L.; Lubinski, Barbara A.; King, Tim L.

2009-01-01

The Anaxyrus boreas species group is comprised of four species endemic to the western United States: A. boreas, A. canorus, A. exsul, and A. nelsoni. Disjunct populations of the widespread western toad Anaxyrus boreas from Colorado and southern Wyoming, the southern rocky mountain population (SRMP), were previously candidates for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) as a distinct population segment (DPS), but were removed due to a lack of significant genetic differentiation in preliminary studies. The purpose of this study was to conduct phylogeographic and population genetic analyses of A. boreas and three related species using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and nuclear microsatellite genotype data. The study is specifically focused on testing the evolutionary significance of the SRMP.

The impact and implications of undocumented immigration on individual and collective health in the United States.

PubMed

Hilfinger Messias, DeAnne K; McEwen, Marylyn Morris; Clark, Lauren

2015-01-01

A nation of immigrants, the United States currently has more foreign-born residents than any other country; approximately 28% of these foreign-born residents are undocumented immigrants--individuals who either entered or are currently residing in the country without valid immigration or residency documents. The complex and constantly changing social, political, and economic context of undocumented migration has profound effects on individuals, families, and communities. The lack of demographic and epidemiologic data on undocumented immigrants is a major public health challenge. In this article, we identify multiple dimensions of vulnerability among undocumented persons; examine how undocumentedness impacts health and health care access and utilization; and consider the professional, practice, and policy issues and implications for nurses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The SI-Gap: How British Units Are Impeding Advances in STEM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, M. P.; Cook, Courtney J.

2017-11-01

The United States is one of only three countries in the world that remain uncommitted to the metric system. Perhaps to policymakers the decision to hang on to miles, pounds, and gallons is one of tradition. However, as a physics teacher I have seen firsthand how growing up with U.S. Customary Units (commonly called by the pseudonym "British Units") has negatively impacted my students. Sure, they can convert between "British" and SI units; and they can effectively toggle between SI prefixes. However, they typically lack intuition regarding the values they express in SI. This is a major problem, but is by no means a criticism against them. Their disadvantage is the result of a unique learning gap that exists in the United States. I call it the SI(sī)-gap. The SI-gap not only impedes our ability as teachers to inspire students when it comes to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); it also prevents our students from properly assessing the validity of their own results. As we shall soon see, the SI-gap carries consequences beyond the classroom. If we are to solve the problems that relate to the SI-gap, we need to reform the way we introduce SI units to the current generation of students.

Qualification testing of solar photovoltaic powered refrigerator freezers for medical use in remote geographic locations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaszeta, W. J.

1982-12-01

One of the primary obstacles to the application of vaccination in developing countries is the lack of refrigerated storage. Vaccines exposed to elevated temperatures suffer a permanent loss of potency. Photovoltaic (PV) powered refrigerator/freezer (R/F) units could surmount the problem of refrigeration in remote areas where no reliable commercial power supply is available. The performance measurements of two different models of PV powered R/F units for medical use are presented. Qualification testing consisted of four major procedures: no-load pull down, ice making, steady-state (maintenance), and holdover. Both R/F units met the major World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. However, the testing performed does not provide complete characterization of the two units; such information could be derived only from further extensive test procedures.

Qualification testing of solar photovoltaic powered refrigerator freezers for medical use in remote geographic locations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaszeta, W. J.

1982-01-01

One of the primary obstacles to the application of vaccination in developing countries is the lack of refrigerated storage. Vaccines exposed to elevated temperatures suffer a permanent loss of potency. Photovoltaic (PV) powered refrigerator/freezer (R/F) units could surmount the problem of refrigeration in remote areas where no reliable commercial power supply is available. The performance measurements of two different models of PV powered R/F units for medical use are presented. Qualification testing consisted of four major procedures: no-load pull down, ice making, steady-state (maintenance), and holdover. Both R/F units met the major World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. However, the testing performed does not provide complete characterization of the two units; such information could be derived only from further extensive test procedures.

Prevention of triplets and higher order multiples: trends in reproductive medicine.

PubMed

Armour, Kim L; Callister, Lynn Clark

2005-01-01

In the United States and throughout the world, today's healthcare providers are challenged by the risks of multiple gestation pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) often used to treat infertility raise ethical issues including informed consent, veracity, and nonmalificence. In the United States, there is the need to improve maternal and fetal/neonatal mortality and morbidity by proposing legislation regulating ART and supporting single embryo transfers with no more than 2 such transfers. Beginning with the diagnosis of infertility, providers have a responsibility to educate, inform, and treat infertile couples. From the moment pregnancy with multiples is confirmed, these families are faced with incredible stressors including decision making on multifetal or selective reduction. Full disclosure of risks involved throughout the course of care should be discussed and documented in the record and plan of care. Currently in the United States, legislation does not regulate ART, including ovulation induction/enhancement and in vitro fertilization. Although the United States does have self-regulation via limited reporting through their professional organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an unlimited number of embryos may be transferred. Unfortunately, many healthcare providers have not recognized the responsibility and burden placed on families and society as a whole. Lack of regulation means women may become pregnant with high order multiples, which raises serious moral and ethical issues.

Prevalence of circumcision among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010.

PubMed

Introcaso, Camille E; Xu, Fujie; Kilmarx, Peter H; Zaidi, Akbar; Markowitz, Lauri E

2013-07-01

In 2009, an estimated 3590 new heterosexually acquired HIV infections occurred in males in the United States. Three randomized controlled trials demonstrated that male circumcision decreased a man's risk for HIV acquisition through heterosexual sex. We describe circumcision prevalence in US males and determine circumcision prevalence among males potentially at increased risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection. We estimated circumcision prevalence among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010. We defined men and boys with 2 or more female partners in the last year as potentially at increased risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection. Estimated circumcision prevalence was 80.5%. Prevalence varied significantly by year of birth, race/ethnicity, health insurance type, and family income. Circumcision prevalence among men and boys reporting 2 or more female partners in the last year was 80.4%, which corresponded to an estimated 3.5 million uncircumcised men and boys potentially at increased risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection. Of these men and boys, 48.3% lacked health insurance. Circumcision prevalence in the United States differs by demographic group, and half of uncircumcised men and boys potentially at increased risk for heterosexually acquired HIV are uninsured. These data could inform recommendations and cost analyses concerning circumcision in the United States.

Cochlear implants and medical tourism.

PubMed

McKinnon, Brian J; Bhatt, Nishant

2010-09-01

To compare the costs of medical tourism in cochlear implant surgery performed in India as compared to the United States. In addition, the cost savings of obtaining cochlear implant surgery in India were compare d to those of other surgical interventions obtained as a medical tourist. Searches were conducted on Medline and Google using the search terms: 'medical tourism', 'medical offshoring', 'medical outsourcing', 'cochlear implants' and 'cochlear implantation'. The information regarding cost of medical treatment was obtained from personal communication with individuals familiar with India's cochlear implantation medical tourism industry. The range of cost depended on length of stay as well as the device chosen. Generally the cost, inclusive of travel, surgery and device, was in the range of $21,000-30,000, as compared to a cost range of $40,000-$60,000 in the US. With the escalating cost of healthcare in the United States, it is not surprising that some patients would seek to obtain surgical care overseas at a fraction of the cost. Participants in medical tourism often have financial resources, but lack health insurance coverage. While cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery performed outside the United States in India at centers that cater to medical tourists are often performed at one-quarter to one-third of the cost that would have been paid in the United States, the cost differential for cochlear implants is not nearly as favorable.

Bringing men to the table: sterilization can be for him or for her.

PubMed

Shih, Grace; Zhang, Ying; Bukowski, Kyle; Chen, Angela

2014-12-01

Sterilization, male and female combined, is the most common use of contraception in the United States. Despite the lower risk, higher cost-efficacy, and high efficacy of vasectomy compared with female sterilization, more US women rely on female sterilization than male sterilization. Reasons for low use of vasectomy include lack of knowledge and misconceptions about the procedure, lack of access, provider bias, and patient preferences. This article will provide a basic overview of male and female sterilization, an exploration of vasectomy barriers, and ways obstetrician-gynecologists can increase vasectomy uptake including regular recommendation of vasectomy to patients in long-term committed relationships considering sterilization.

Medical tourism: the trend toward outsourcing medical procedures to foreign countries.

PubMed

York, Diane

2008-01-01

The rising costs of medical treatment in the United States are fueling a movement to outsource medical treatment. Estimates of the number of Americans traveling overseas for treatment range from 50,000 to 500,000. Charges for common procedures such as heart bypass can be $11,000 in Thailand compared to $130,000 in the United States. Knee replacement in the United States can cost $40,000 compared to $13,000 in Singapore.A new industry, medical tourism, has been created to advise patients on the appropriate facility in the right country for their condition, handle all travel arrangements, teleconference with physicians, and send medical records. To respond to the growth in medical travel, the Joint Commission (formerly the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations) initiated the Joint Commission International (JCI) to accredit hospitals worldwide. Although outcome statistics from hospitals outside the United States are rare, first-person reports on quality are numerous. Making surgery possible for uninsured and underinsured individuals or self-insured state, municipal, and private entities is a major benefit of medical tourism. Mitigating against medical travel are the lack of legal remedies in place for malpractice and the possibility that travel itself can impose risk to patients. For example, lengthy air flights where the patient is in a fixed position for hours at a time can cause embolisms. If the trend toward medical tourism continues, continuing education, credentialing, and certification services may be required to help assure patient safety.

The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States

PubMed Central

Hemphill, Sheryl A.; Heerde, Jessica A.; Herrenkohl, Todd I.; Toumbourou, John W.; Catalano, Richard F.

2011-01-01

Context School suspension may have unintended consequences in contributing to problem behaviors including school drop-out, substance use, and antisocial behavior. Tobacco use is an early-onset problem behavior, but prospective studies of the effects of suspension on tobacco use are lacking. Method Longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a 2-stage cluster sample, administered in 2002 and 2003 in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia. The study uses statewide representative samples of students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 3,599). Results Rates of tobacco use were higher for Victorian than Washington State students. School suspension remained a predictor of current tobacco use at 12-month follow-up, after controlling for established risk factors including prior tobacco and other drug use for Grade 7 but not Grade 9 students. Conclusions School suspension is associated with tobacco use in early adolescence, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence. PMID:21586667

Considerations for the development of shale gas in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Hays, Jake; Finkel, Madelon L; Depledge, Michael; Law, Adam; Shonkoff, Seth B C

2015-04-15

The United States shale gas boom has precipitated global interest in the development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Recently, government ministers in the United Kingdom started granting licenses that will enable companies to begin initial exploration for shale gas. Meanwhile, concern is increasing among the scientific community about the potential impacts of shale gas and other types of unconventional natural gas development (UGD) on human health and the environment. Although significant data gaps remain, there has been a surge in the number of articles appearing in the scientific literature, nearly three-quarters of which has been published since the beginning of 2013. Important lessons can be drawn from the UGD experience in the United States. Here we explore these considerations and argue that shale gas development policies in the UK and elsewhere should be informed by empirical evidence generated on environmental, public health, and social risks. Additionally, policy decisions should take into account the measured effectiveness of harm reduction strategies as opposed to hypothetical scenarios and purported best practices that lack empirical support. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the Path to SunShot. Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in U.S. Solar Manufacturing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chung, Donald; Horowitz, Kelsey; Kurup, Parthiv

This report provides insights into photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) manufacturing in the context of the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot Initiative. Although global PV price reductions and deployment have been strong recently, PV manufacturing faces challenges. Slowing rates of manufacturing cost reductions, combined with the relatively low price of incumbent electricity generating sources in most large global PV markets, may constrain profit opportunities for firms and poses a potential challenge to the sustainable operation and growth of the global PV manufacturing base. In the United States, manufacturers also face a factors-of-production cost disadvantage compared with competing nations.more » However, the United States is one of the world's most competitive and innovative countries as well as one of the best locations for PV manufacturing. In conjunction with strong projected PV demand in the United States and across the Americas, these advantages could increase the share of PV technologies produced by U.S. manufacturers as the importance of innovation-driven PV cost reductions increases. Compared with PV, CSP systems are much more complex and require a much larger minimum effective scale, resulting in much higher total CAPEX requirements for system construction, lengthier development cycles, and ultimately higher costs of energy produced. The global lack of consistent CSP project development creates challenges for companies that manufacture specialty CSP components, and the potential lack of a near-term U.S. market could hinder domestic CSP manufacturers. However, global and U.S. CSP deployment is expected to expand beyond 2020, and U.S. CSP manufacturers could benefit from U.S. innovation advantages similar to those associated with PV. Expansion of PV and CSP manufacturing also presents U.S. job-growth opportunities.« less

Survey of veterinary extension in the United States.

PubMed

Sischo, W M; Floyd, J G; McKean, J D; Hueston, W D

1999-11-15

To assess veterinary extension in the United States as perceived by veterinary extension personnel. Cross-sectional survey. Extension veterinarians in the United States. 2 surveys were designed and mailed to extension veterinarians listed by the USDA and the American Association of Extension Veterinarians. 34 states had > or = 1 extension veterinarian. The majority (> 60%) of extension veterinarians did not commit time to resident education and were not involved in research activities. Paradoxically, 23% of responding extension veterinarians did not report extension work. Programs for food animal producers, horse owners, and companion animal owners were provided by 100, 63, and 37% of states, respectively. Continuing education (CE) programs were provided for food animal veterinarians, equine veterinarians, and companion animal veterinarians by 96, 63, and 52% of states, respectively. Challenges facing veterinary extension included limited recognition of veterinary extension activities by universities, lack of university personnel to support CE programs, and decreased support for companion animal extension programs. Extension veterinarians need to identify and clearly articulate the mission of veterinary extension, develop more collaborative programs across regions, and continue to serve as catalysts to bring diverse constituents together. Extension veterinarians must distinguish their mission not solely as information transfer, which can be accomplished in a variety of ways outside of extension, but as a coherent and consistent program of education and policy developed on a national level and distributed locally.

From Forced Tolerance to Forced Busing: Wartime Intercultural Education and the Rise of Black Educational Activism in Boston

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkholder, Zoe

2010-01-01

In this article, Zoe Burkholder explores the historical interplay of the emergence of tolerance education in the United States and the rise of black educational activism in Boston. By uncovering a pointed lack of tolerance education in Boston and a widespread promotion of tolerance education in other cities in the early half of the twentieth…

Nesting pair density and abundance of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from aerial surveys in Wyoming

Treesearch

Lucretia E. Olson; Robert J. Oakleaf; John R. Squires; Zachary P. Wallace; Patricia L. Kennedy

2015-01-01

Raptors that inhabit sagebrush steppe and grassland ecosystems in the western United States may be threatened by continued loss and modification of their habitat due to energy development, conversion to agriculture, and human encroachment. Actions to protect these species are hampered by a lack of reliable data on such basic information as population size and...

Whose College Readiness Is It Anyway? College Readiness, Cultural, Economic and Social Capital, and Access to Pre-College Transition Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray-Nicolas, Nakia Marissa

2017-01-01

In the United States, the majority of high school graduates are not academically prepared for the rigor of postsecondary education or equipped with the skills necessary to enter the workforce (American College Test [ACT], 2012; Barnes & Slate, 2010; Conley, 2007a, 2007b). Often blamed for this lack preparation are inconsistent linkages between…

The Effects of Federal Legislation on Middle School Science Education in Connecticut Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brzozowy, Sarah Elizabeth

2011-01-01

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was proposed by President George W. Bush as a means of closing the achievement gap across the United States. While the President and lawmakers have put this law in place, the affects of the legislation on middle school science education has not been evaluated. Issues of funding, the lack of available resources,…

A regeneration indicator for Forest Inventory and Analysis: history, sampling, estimation, analytics, and potential use in the midwest and northeast United States

Treesearch

William H. McWilliams; James A. Westfall; Patrick H. Brose; Daniel C. Dey; Mark Hatfield; Katherine Johnson; Kenneth M. Laustsen; Shawn L. Lehman; Randall S. Morin; Mark D. Nelson; Todd E. Ristau; Alejandro A. Royo; Susan L. Stout; Thomas Willard; Christopher W. Woodall

2015-01-01

The density and composition of regeneration drives future forest character for forests in need of replacement. Forested ecosystems face numerous regeneration stressors including invasive plants, insects and diseases, herbivory, lack of management, and climate change. As stands that make up these systems age, it is imperative to track the viability of forest...

Enhancing the International Business Curriculum through Partnership with the United States Department of Commerce: The "E" Award Internship Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mello, Jeffrey A.

2006-01-01

Management education has been subjected to scrutiny and criticism over its lack of relevance to the "real world" of management practice. In response, many institutions have developed and, in some cases, require students to complete an internship as part of their degree requirements. International business is a field of study where internships can…

Restoration of three forest herbs in the Liliaceae family by manipulating deer herbivory and overstorey and understorey vegetation

Treesearch

Cynthia D. Huebner; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Gary W. Miller; Patrick H. Brose

2010-01-01

Research on herbaceous vegetation restoration in forests characterised by overstorey tree harvests, excessive deer herbivory, and a dominant fern understorey is lacking. Most of the plant diversity found in Eastern hardwood forests in the United States is found in the herbaceous understorey layer. Loss of forest herbaceous species is an indicator of declining forest...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCaskey, Alexander J.

There is a lack of state-of-the-art HPC simulation tools for simulating general quantum computing. Furthermore, there are no real software tools that integrate current quantum computers into existing classical HPC workflows. This product, the Quantum Virtual Machine (QVM), solves this problem by providing an extensible framework for pluggable virtual, or physical, quantum processing units (QPUs). It enables the execution of low level quantum assembly codes and returns the results of such executions.

Taking Stock: Interagency Integration in Stability Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

implementation of 3000.05. In May 2009, a report to Congress highlighted the biggest challenge to integration as the lack of civilian department and agency...ORHA) and later subsumed by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). On May 11, 2004, NSPD 36, United States Government Operations in Iraq...military audience, although introductory presentations have been given at the U.S. Army Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute and Marine

A Dictionary of Acquisition and Contracting Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

consolidated national effort had been undertaken in this regard. Various individuals, commands and schools have attempted to assemble elements of definitions...however, the lack of a consolidated effort has caused a disparity in the definitions of terms. Previous graduate theses have researched definitions and...Supply Corps (SC), United States Navy (USN) initiated the consolidation of baseline consensus definitions in 1988. In 1989, Captain (CPT) John Cannaday

Lack of evidence for the presence of emerging HoBi-like viruses in North American fetal bovine serum lots.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The detection of HoBi-like virus in fetal bovine serum (FBS) labeled as United States of America (USA) origin, but packaged in Europe, raised concerns that HoBi-like virus may have entered the USA. In this study, 90 lots of FBS originating in North America (NA) were screened for pestivirus antigen ...

Reptile, amphibian, and small mammal species associated with natural gas development in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia

Treesearch

Kurtis R. Moseley; W. Mark Ford; John W. Edwards; Mary B. Adams

2010-01-01

Burgeoning energy demand in the United States has led to increased natural gas exploration in the Appalachian Basin. Despite increasing natural gas development in the region, data about its impacts to wildlife are lacking. Our objective was to assess past and ongoing natural gas development impacts on reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals in the Monongahela National...

Improving the Implementation of an United States Accrediting Agency's Retention Standard through Best Practices: An Action Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Terron A.

2016-01-01

Over the last decade, higher education has come under intense scrutiny from the government; accrediting agencies in particular have come under fire for a lack of accountability and transparency. Reports from the Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee served as a driving force for…

Characteristics of Internet Gamblers among a Sample of Students at a Large, Public University in Southwestern United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shead, N. Will; Derevensky, Jeffrey L.; Fong, Timothy W.; Gupta, Rina

2012-01-01

There is a current lack of descriptive information on college students who gamble on the Internet. With the increasing popularity of Internet gambling, this study aimed to better understand the profile of Internet gamblers among a sample of college students. Of 909 students at the University of California-Los Angeles who completed an online…

Immigration Enforcement Within the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-06

Domestic Social Policy Division Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is...interior enforcement lack a border component. For example, fugitive taskforces, investigations of alien slavery and sweatshops , and employer sanctions do...for changing social norms. 38 The definition of aggravated felony (defined in INA §101(a)(43)) includes over 50 types of crimes. In addition, an alien