Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)-Free, Non-Chromate Low Temperature Powder Coating (LTPC) System for United States Air Force use (PHASE II )

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-12

and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)-Free, non -chromate low temperature powder coating (LTPC) system for United States Air Force use PHASE II PR...required to support and successfully complete this effort. 1.1 Objective(s). The Contractor shall be required to demonstrate a non -chromate...5.0 General Information 5.1 Continuation of Mission-Essential Services During a Crisis. The Functional Commander (FC) or civilian equivalent has

Life cycle environmental performance of renewable building materials in the context of residential construction : phase II research report: an extension to the 2005 phase I research report. Module C, Life-cycle inventory of hardwood lumber manufacturing in the Northeast and North Central United States.

Treesearch

Richard Bergman; Scott A. Bowe

2008-01-01

The goal of this study was to find the environmental impact of hardwood lumber production through a gate-to-gate Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) on hardwood sawmills in the northeast and northcentral (NE/NC) United States. Primary mill data was collected per CORRIM Research Guidelines (CORRIM 2001). Life-cycle analysis is beyond the scope of the study.

Life cycle environmental performance of renewable building materials in the context of residential construction : phase II research report: an extension to the 2005 phase I research report. Module L, Life-cycle inventory of hardwood lumber manufacturing in the Southeastern United States.

Treesearch

Richard D. Bergman; Scott A. Bowe

2010-01-01

The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of the environmental impact of hardwood lumber production through a gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) of hardwood sawmills in the Southeastern United States (SE). Primary mill data were collected per Consortium on Research for Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) Research Guidelines. Life-cycle impact...

Life cycle environmental performance of renewable building materials in the context of residential construction : phase II research report: an extension to the 2005 phase I research report. Module D, Life cycle inventory of softwood lumber manufacturing in the Northeastern and North Central United States.

Treesearch

Richard D. Bergman; Scott A. Bowe

2009-01-01

The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of the environmental impact for softwood lumber production through a gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) of softwood sawmills in the northeastern and north central United States (NE/NC). Primary mill data were collected per Consortium on Research for Renewable Industrial Material (CORRIM) Research Guidelines (...

Successfully Demonstrating an Integrated Roofing and BIPV Solution for an Historic Building Renovation at the United States Air Force Academy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

Solution for an Historic Building Renovation at the United States Air Force Academy • Abstract Number: 12623 Vandenberg Hall • Thin Film Solar Array • Direct...Phase 1 • Total installed production capacity: 212.320 KW DC • Panels type and quantity: • Unisolar Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Panels • 1210 – Power...Successfully Demonstrating an Integrated Roofing and BIPV Solution for an Historic Building Renovation at the United States Air Force Academy

Phased Retirement: The European Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swank, Constance

This report provides United States corporate and union policymakers with practical information on one alternative work pattern for older employees--phased retirement--from European colleagues who already have implemented or negotiated specific phasing programs. An introduction provides details on the collection of information from companies in…

47 CFR 90.769 - Construction and implementation of Phase II nationwide licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (a) A nationwide licensee must construct a sufficient number of base stations (i.e., base stations... square kilometers or 37.5 percent of the United States population within five years of the issuance of... United States population within ten years of the issuance of its initial license. Licensees may, in the...

47 CFR 90.769 - Construction and implementation of Phase II nationwide licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (a) A nationwide licensee must construct a sufficient number of base stations (i.e., base stations... square kilometers or 37.5 percent of the United States population within five years of the issuance of... United States population within ten years of the issuance of its initial license. Licensees may, in the...

47 CFR 90.769 - Construction and implementation of Phase II nationwide licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (a) A nationwide licensee must construct a sufficient number of base stations (i.e., base stations... square kilometers or 37.5 percent of the United States population within five years of the issuance of... United States population within ten years of the issuance of its initial license. Licensees may, in the...

Propulsion Control Technology Development in the United States A Historical Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaw, Link C.a; Garg, Sanjay

2005-01-01

This paper presents a historical perspective of the advancement of control technologies for aircraft gas turbine engines. The paper primarily covers technology advances in the United States in the last 60 years (1940 to approximately 2002). The paper emphasizes the pioneering technologies that have been tested or implemented during this period, assimilating knowledge and experience from industry experts, including personal interviews with both current and retired experts. Since the first United States-built aircraft gas turbine engine was flown in 1942, engine control technology has evolved from a simple hydro-mechanical fuel metering valve to a full-authority digital electronic control system (FADEC) that is common to all modern aircraft propulsion systems. At the same time, control systems have provided engine diagnostic functions. Engine diagnostic capabilities have also evolved from pilot observation of engine gauges to the automated on-board diagnostic system that uses mathematical models to assess engine health and assist in post-flight troubleshooting and maintenance. Using system complexity and capability as a measure, we can break the historical development of control systems down to four phases: (1) the start-up phase (1942 to 1949), (2) the growth phase (1950 to 1969), (3) the electronic phase (1970 to 1989), and (4) the integration phase (1990 to 2002). In each phase, the state-of-the-art control technology is described and the engines that have become historical landmarks, from the control and diagnostic standpoint, are identified. Finally, a historical perspective of engine controls in the last 60 years is presented in terms of control system complexity, number of sensors, number of lines of software (or embedded code), and other factors.

Observations and interpretation of fundamental mode Rayleigh wavefields recorded by the Transportable Array (USArray)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pollitz, F.F.

2008-01-01

Broadband recordings of the dense Transportable Array (TA) in the western United States provide unparalleled detailed images of long-period seismic surface wavefields. With 400 stations spanning most of the western United States, wavefronts of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves may be visualized coherently across the array at periods ???40 s. In order to constrain the Rayleigh wave phase velocity structure in the western United States, I assemble a data set of vertical component seismograms from 53 teleseismic events recorded by the TA from April 2006 to October 2007. Complex amplitude spectra from these recordings at peni ods 27-100 s are interpreted using the multiplane wave tomographic method of Friederich and Wielandt (1995) and Pollitz (1999). This analysis yields detailed surface wave phase velocity and three-dimensional shear wave velocity patterns across the North American plate boundary zone, elucidating the active processes in the highly heterogeneous western U.S. upper mantle.

Developmental process and early phases of implementation for the United States Interagency Committee on Human Nutrition Research National Nutrition Research Roadmap

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The United States Congress first called for improved coordination of human nutrition research within and among federal departments and agencies in the 1977 Farm Bill. Today, the Interagency Committee on Human Nutrition Research (ICHNR) is charged with improving the planning, coordination, and commu...

Modeling the Current and Future Roles of Particulate Organic Nitrates in the Southeastern United States.

PubMed

Pye, Havala O T; Luecken, Deborah J; Xu, Lu; Boyd, Christopher M; Ng, Nga L; Baker, Kirk R; Ayres, Benjamin R; Bash, Jesse O; Baumann, Karsten; Carter, William P L; Edgerton, Eric; Fry, Juliane L; Hutzell, William T; Schwede, Donna B; Shepson, Paul B

2015-12-15

Organic nitrates are an important aerosol constituent in locations where biogenic hydrocarbon emissions mix with anthropogenic NOx sources. While regional and global chemical transport models may include a representation of organic aerosol from monoterpene reactions with nitrate radicals (the primary source of particle-phase organic nitrates in the Southeast United States), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) models can underestimate yields. Furthermore, SOA parametrizations do not explicitly take into account organic nitrate compounds produced in the gas phase. In this work, we developed a coupled gas and aerosol system to describe the formation and subsequent aerosol-phase partitioning of organic nitrates from isoprene and monoterpenes with a focus on the Southeast United States. The concentrations of organic aerosol and gas-phase organic nitrates were improved when particulate organic nitrates were assumed to undergo rapid (τ = 3 h) pseudohydrolysis resulting in nitric acid and nonvolatile secondary organic aerosol. In addition, up to 60% of less oxidized-oxygenated organic aerosol (LO-OOA) could be accounted for via organic nitrate mediated chemistry during the Southern Oxidants and Aerosol Study (SOAS). A 25% reduction in nitrogen oxide (NO + NO2) emissions was predicted to cause a 9% reduction in organic aerosol for June 2013 SOAS conditions at Centreville, Alabama.

Forced phase-locked states and information retrieval in a two-layer network of oscillatory neurons with directional connectivity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kazantsev, Victor; Pimashkin, Alexey; Department of Neurodynamics and Neurobiology, Nizhny Novgorod State University, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod

We propose two-layer architecture of associative memory oscillatory network with directional interlayer connectivity. The network is capable to store information in the form of phase-locked (in-phase and antiphase) oscillatory patterns. The first (input) layer takes an input pattern to be recognized and their units are unidirectionally connected with all units of the second (control) layer. The connection strengths are weighted using the Hebbian rule. The output (retrieved) patterns appear as forced-phase locked states of the control layer. The conditions are found and analytically expressed for pattern retrieval in response on incoming stimulus. It is shown that the system is capablemore » to recover patterns with a certain level of distortions or noises in their profiles. The architecture is implemented with the Kuramoto phase model and using synaptically coupled neural oscillators with spikes. It is found that the spiking model is capable to retrieve patterns using the spiking phase that translates memorized patterns into the spiking phase shifts at different time scales.« less

United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program, 1988. Program Technical Report. Volume 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

Professor SDecialty: Gas Phase Ion-Molecule Chem. Dept. of Chemistry Assigned: Air Force Geophysics Lab. Louisiana State University Choppin Hall...For Lucid Dr. Darin DeForest 55 Pre-Sort Processor Phase Distortion Dr. Paul Dingman Evaluation 56 A PROLOG Natural Language Front End Dr. Hugh...analysis in the electron impact mode. The column used was 25m x 0.25am ID bonded phase FSOT capillary column (#952525 Alltech and Associates), coated with

Two-Phased Approach to Synchronize the FERC-USACE Processes for Authorizing Non-Federal Hydropower Projects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2016-07-01

Publication summarizing how the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Federal Regulatory Energy Commission (FERC) have developed a two-phased, coordinated approach to regulating non-federal hydropower projects.

Fusion energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-09-01

The main purpose of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is to develop an experimental fusion reactor through the united efforts of many technologically advanced countries. The ITER terms of reference, issued jointly by the European Community, Japan, the USSR, and the United States, call for an integrated international design activity and constitute the basis of current activities. Joint work on ITER is carried out under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), according to the terms of quadripartite agreement reached between the European Community, Japan, the USSR, and the United States. The site for joint technical work sessions is at the Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics. Garching, Federal Republic of Germany. The ITER activities have two phases: a definition phase performed in 1988 and the present design phase (1989 to 1990). During the definition phase, a set of ITER technical characteristics and supporting research and development (R and D) activities were developed and reported. The present conceptual design phase of ITER lasts until the end of 1990. The objectives of this phase are to develop the design of ITER, perform a safety and environmental analysis, develop site requirements, define future R and D needs, and estimate cost, manpower, and schedule for construction and operation. A final report will be submitted at the end of 1990. This paper summarizes progress in the ITER program during the 1989 design phase.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE LEVELS OF DIOXIN-LIKE ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with USDA and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has undertaken a program to study the presence of dioxin-like compounds in animal feeds. Two phases of this program have been completed, and this paper reports on the third phase. The first phase was a study on the mass balance of dioxins in lactating cows. The objective of that study was to quantify the role feeds play in total dairy cow exposures. The second phase of the program involved the collections and measurement of dioxins in minor feed components. Dioxins in specific targeted animal feed components of interest, including animal and plant byproducts were measured. The third phase involved sampling of total mixed dairy feeds and feed components from dairy facilities around the United States, and measuring for dioxin-like compounds. Lorber, M; Ferrario, J; Byrne, C; Greene, C; Cyrus, A. 2004. A Study to Evaluate the Levels of Dioxin-Like Compounds in Dairy Feeds in the United States. Organohalogen Compounds 66: 1958-1965. journal articles

MEXICAN-AMERICAN STUDY PROJECT. ADVANCE REPORT 2, MEXICAN IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES--THE RECORD AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GREBLER, LEO; AND OTHERS

THIS PRELIMINARY REPORT DESCRIBES THAT PHASE OF THE UCLA MEXICAN-AMERICAN STUDY PROJECT WHICH CONCERNS THE IMMIGRATION PROCESS OF MEXICANS TO THE UNITED STATES. STATISTICS ARE PRESENTED ABOUT--(1) THE VOLUME OF IMMIGRATION OVER THE YEARS, (2) THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMIGRATING MEXICANS, (3) THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MIGRANTS…

76 FR 72441 - Certain Steel Wheels From China; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing Duty and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-23

....S.C. 1673d(b)) to determine whether an industry in the United States is materially injured or threatened with material injury, or the establishment of an industry in the United States is materially... carbon and/or alloy composition and clad wheels, discs, and rims when carbon or alloy steel represents...

Phase diagram of restricted Boltzmann machines and generalized Hopfield networks with arbitrary priors.

PubMed

Barra, Adriano; Genovese, Giuseppe; Sollich, Peter; Tantari, Daniele

2018-02-01

Restricted Boltzmann machines are described by the Gibbs measure of a bipartite spin glass, which in turn can be seen as a generalized Hopfield network. This equivalence allows us to characterize the state of these systems in terms of their retrieval capabilities, both at low and high load, of pure states. We study the paramagnetic-spin glass and the spin glass-retrieval phase transitions, as the pattern (i.e., weight) distribution and spin (i.e., unit) priors vary smoothly from Gaussian real variables to Boolean discrete variables. Our analysis shows that the presence of a retrieval phase is robust and not peculiar to the standard Hopfield model with Boolean patterns. The retrieval region becomes larger when the pattern entries and retrieval units get more peaked and, conversely, when the hidden units acquire a broader prior and therefore have a stronger response to high fields. Moreover, at low load retrieval always exists below some critical temperature, for every pattern distribution ranging from the Boolean to the Gaussian case.

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation - final national evaluation framework.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

This report provides an analytical framework for evaluating the two field deployments under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration Phase. The San Diego Interstate 15 cor...

Preliminary evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality model for 2002 over the Southeastern United States.

PubMed

Morris, Ralph E; McNally, Dennis E; Tesche, Thomas W; Tonnesen, Gail; Boylan, James W; Brewer, Patricia

2005-11-01

The Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) is one of five Regional Planning Organizations that is charged with the management of haze, visibility, and other regional air quality issues in the United States. The VISTAS Phase I work effort modeled three episodes (January 2002, July 1999, and July 2001) to identify the optimal model configuration(s) to be used for the 2002 annual modeling in Phase II. Using model configurations recommended in the Phase I analysis, 2002 annual meteorological (Mesoscale Meterological Model [MM5]), emissions (Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions [SMOKE]), and air quality (Community Multiscale Air Quality [CMAQ]) simulations were performed on a 36-km grid covering the continental United States and a 12-km grid covering the Eastern United States. Model estimates were then compared against observations. This paper presents the results of the preliminary CMAQ model performance evaluation for the initial 2002 annual base case simulation. Model performance is presented for the Eastern United States using speciated fine particle concentration and wet deposition measurements from several monitoring networks. Initial results indicate fairly good performance for sulfate with fractional bias values generally within +/-20%. Nitrate is overestimated in the winter by approximately +50% and underestimated in the summer by more than -100%. Organic carbon exhibits a large summer underestimation bias of approximately -100% with much improved performance seen in the winter with a bias near zero. Performance for elemental carbon is reasonable with fractional bias values within +/- 40%. Other fine particulate (soil) and coarse particular matter exhibit large (80-150%) overestimation in the winter but improved performance in the summer. The preliminary 2002 CMAQ runs identified several areas of enhancements to improve model performance, including revised temporal allocation factors for ammonia emissions to improve nitrate performance and addressing missing processes in the secondary organic aerosol module to improve OC performance.

Fire - Southern Oscillation relations in the southwestern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Swetnam, T.W.; Betancourt, J.L.

1990-01-01

Fire scar and tree growth chronologies (1700 to 1905) and fire statistics (since 1905) from Arizona and New Mexico show that small areas burn after wet springs associated with the low phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO), whereas large areas burn after dry springs associated with the high phase of the SO. Through its synergistic influence on spring weather and fuel conditions, climatic variability in the tropical Pacific significantly influences vegetation dynamics in the southwestern United States. Synchrony of fire-free and severe fire years across diverse southwestern forests implies that climate forces fire regimes on a subcontinental scale; it also underscores the importance of exogenous factors in ecosystem dynamics.

SHRP2 naturalistic driving study, phase I summary : State College, Pennsylvania data collection site.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study is the largest naturalistic driving study undertaken, collecting data from six sites around the United States, including State College, PA. Recruitment and admission of human...

Showtime: An Analysis of the Embedded News Media Program During the Pre-Combat and the Combat Phases of Operation Iraqi Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-26

program, but that did not affect the effectiveness of the program in the United States. Though the program was effective during Operation Iraqi...Their collective opinion is that it was a “good thing.” In the international environment, the program was not as effective as it was in the United...in the international environment did not affect the effectiveness of the program in the United States. The embedded program proved to be effective

CONSUMPTION TRENDS OF RESCUE ANTI-PSYCHOTICS FOR DELIRIUM IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (ICU DELIRIUM) SHOW INFLUENCE OF CORRESPONDING LUNAR PHASE CYCLES: A RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT STUDY FROM ACADEMIC UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN THE UNITED STATES.

PubMed

Gupta, Deepak; Pallekonda, Vinay; Thomas, Ronald; Mckelvey, George; Ghoddoussi, Farhad

2015-02-01

The etiology of delirium in intensive care units (ICU) is usually multi-factorial. There is common "myth" that lunar phases affect human body especially human brains (and minds). In the absence of any pre-existing studies in ICU patients, the current retrospective study was planned to investigate whether lunar phases play any role in ICU delirium by assessing if lunar phases correlate with prevalence of ICU delirium as judged by the corresponding consumptions of rescue anti-psychotics used for delirium in ICU. After institutional review board approval with waived consent, the daily census of ICU patients from the administrative records was accessed at an academic university's Non-Cancer Hospital in a Metropolitan City of United States. Thereafter, the ICU pharmacy's electronic database was accessed to obtain data on the use of haloperidol and quetiapine over the two time periods for patients aged 18 years or above. Subsequently the data was analyzed for whether the consumption of haloperidol or quetiapine followed any trends corresponding to the lunar phase cycles. A total of 5382 pharmacy records of haloperidol equivalent administrations were analyzed for this study. The cumulative prevalence of incidents of haloperidol equivalent administrations peaked around the full moon period and troughed around the new moon period. As compared to male patients, female patients followed much more uniform trends of haloperidol equivalent administrations' incidents which peaked around the full moon period and troughed around the new moon period. Further sub-analysis of 70-lunar cycles across the various solar months of the total 68-month study period revealed that haloperidol equivalent administrations' incidents peaked around the full moon periods during the months of November-December and around the new moon periods during the month of July which all are interestingly the major holiday months (a potential confounding factor) in the United States. Consumption trends of rescue anti-psychotics for ICU delirium revealed an influence by lunar phase cycles particularly that of full moon periods on female patients in the ICU.

Determination of rainfall losses in Virginia, phase II : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-01-01

A procedure is presented by which regional unit hydrograph and loss rate parameters are estimated for the generation of design storm hydrographs for watershed in Virginia. The state is divided into seven hydrological regions, and unit hydrograph and ...

Assessing Compliance with United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, R. L.; Jarkey, D. R.

2015-01-01

There are currently no exceptions or special considerations for CubeSats in the United States Government (USG) Orbital Debris (OD) Mitigation Guidelines. For all objects launched into space the 2010 United States Space Policy requires that any failure to comply with the USG OD Mitigation Guidelines requires approval by the head of the launching agency. In addition it requires that the US Secretary of State be notified of any non-compliance. For these reasons it is important that missions consider these policies during their design phase. This paper will discuss methods to assess compliance with USG OD mitigation guidelines as they apply to CubeSat missions using tools such as the NASA Debris Assessment Software (DAS).

Analysis of United States Air Forces Central Government Purchase Card Reachback Viability

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Phase 1: Mobilization and Initial Deployment ................................38  2.  Phase 2: Joint Reception , Staging, Onward Movement, and...the theory into practice. By creating a test cell, efficiencies, best practices, proper funding, and appropriate manning can be analyzed. Second... Reception , Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration Phase 2 (better known as the buildup phase) is characterized by the reception and bed-down of the

Surveillance for Q Fever Endocarditis in the United States, 1999-2015.

PubMed

Straily, Anne; Dahlgren, F Scott; Peterson, Amy; Paddock, Christopher D

2017-11-13

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. In some persons, particularly those with cardiac valve disease, infection with C. burnetii can cause a life-threatening infective endocarditis. There are few descriptive analyses of Q fever endocarditis in the United States. Q fever case report forms submitted during 1999-2015 were reviewed to identify reports describing endocarditis. Cases were categorized as confirmed or probable using criteria defined by the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were analyzed. Of 140 case report forms reporting endocarditis, 49 met the confirmed definition and 36 met the probable definition. Eighty-two percent were male and the median age was 57 years (range, 16-87 years). Sixty-seven patients (78.8%) were hospitalized, and 5 deaths (5.9%) were reported. Forty-five patients (52.9%) had a preexisting valvulopathy. Eight patients with endocarditis had phase I immunoglobulin G antibody titers >800 but did not meet the CSTE case definition for Q fever endocarditis. These data summarize a limited set of clinical and epidemiological features of Q fever endocarditis collected through passive surveillance in the United States. Some cases of apparent Q fever endocarditis could not be classified by CSTE laboratory criteria, suggesting that comparison of phase I and phase II titers could be reexamined as a surveillance criterion. Prospective analyses of culture-negative endocarditis are needed to better assess the clinical spectrum and magnitude of Q fever endocarditis in the United States. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

THE U.S.-GERMAN BILATERAL WORKING GROUP: COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. RESULTS FROM PHASE 3 (2000-2005) AND BEGINNING PHASE 4 (2006-2010).

EPA Science Inventory

Since 1990, the United States and Germany have worked bilaterally to identify, understand and apply innovative technologies and policies for remediation and sustainable revitalization of contaminated sites in each country. The last sixteen years (= three Phases) have produced rem...

The U.S.-German Bilateral Working Group: Collaborative Engineering and Scientific Research for a Sustainable Future. Results from Phase 3 (2000-2005) and Beginning Phase 4 (2006-2010)

EPA Science Inventory

Since 1990, the United States and Germany have worked bilaterally to identify, understand and apply innovative technologies and policies for remediation and sustainable revitalization of contaminted sites in each country. The last sixteen years (= three Phases) have produced rem...

Sub state Unconventional Warfare: Expanding United States Military Political Options

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

phases due to competing incumbent efforts. Giap was influenced in his understanding of revolutionary war phasing by Sun Tzu who Giap called one of his...Challenge of Unconventional Warfare. London: Routledge, 2012. Ames, Roger T. Sun - Tzu The Art of Warfare. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993. Amin, Samir...Guerrilla: Insurgents, Patriots, and Terrorists from Sun Tzu to Bin Laden. London: Brassey’s Inc., 2004. Rosenau, William, Subversion and Insurgency

Overview of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kammerer, A.M.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Titov, V.V.

2017-01-01

In response to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) initiated a long-term research program to improve understanding of tsunami hazard levels for nuclear facilities in the United States. For this effort, the US NRC organized a collaborative research program with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with a goal of assessing tsunami hazard on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Necessarily, the US NRC research program includes both seismic- and landslide-based tsunamigenic sources in both the near and the far fields. The inclusion of tsunamigenic landslides, an important category of sources that impact tsunami hazard levels for the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts is a key difference between this program and most other tsunami hazard assessment programs. The initial phase of this work consisted of collection, interpretation, and analysis of available offshore data, with significant effort focused on characterizing offshore near-field landslides and analyzing their tsunamigenic potential and properties. In the next phase of research, additional field investigations will be conducted in key locations of interest and additional analysis will be undertaken. Simultaneously, the MOST tsunami generation and propagation model used by NOAA will first be enhanced to include landslide-based initiation mechanisms and then will be used to investigate the impact of the tsunamigenic sources identified and characterized by the USGS. The potential for probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment will also be explore in the final phases of the program.

Future shift of the relative roles of precipitation and temperature in controlling annual runoff in the conterminous United States

Treesearch

Kai Duan; Ge Sun; Steven G. McNulty; Peter V. Caldwell; Erika C. Cohen; Shanlei Sun; Heather D. Aldridge; Decheng Zhou; Liangxia Zhang; Yang Zhang

2017-01-01

This study examines the relative roles of cli- matic variables in altering annual runoff in the contermi- nous United States (CONUS) in the 21st century, using a monthly ecohydrological model (the Water Supply Stress In- dex model, WaSSI) driven with historical records and future scenarios constructed from 20 Coupled Model Intercompar- ison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)...

Assessment and economic valuation of air pollution impacts on human health over Europe and the United States as calculated by a multi-model ensemble in the framework of AQMEII3

EPA Science Inventory

The impact of air pollution on human health and the associated external costs in Europe and the United States (US) for the year 2010 are modeled by a multi-model ensemble of regional models in the frame of the third phase of the Air Quality Modelling Evaluation International Init...

High-pressure transformation in the cobalt spinel ferrites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blasco, J., E-mail: jbc@posta.unizar.es; Subías, G.; García, J.

2015-01-15

We report high pressure angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on Co{sub x}Fe{sub 3−x}O{sub 4} (x=1, 1.5, 1.75) spinels at room temperature up to 34 GPa. The three samples show a similar structural phase transformation from the cubic spinel structure to an analogous post-spinel phase at around 20 GPa. Spinel and post-spinel phases coexist in a wide pressure range (∼20–25 GPa) and the transformation is irreversible. The equation of state of the three cubic spinel ferrites was determined and our results agree with the data obtained in related oxide spinels showing the role of the pressure-transmitting medium for the accurate determination ofmore » the equation of state. Measurements releasing pressure revealed that the post-spinel phase is stable down to 4 GPa when it decomposes yielding a new phase with poor crystallinity. Later compression does not recover either the spinel or the post-spinel phases. This phase transformation induced by pressure explains the irreversible lost of the ferrimagnetic behavior reported in these spinels. - Graphical abstract: Pressure dependence of the unit cell volume per formula unit for Co{sub 1.5}Fe{sub 1.5}O{sub 4} spinel. Circles and squares stand for spinel and postspinel phases, respectively. Dark (open) symbols: determination upon compression (decompression). - Highlights: • The pressure induces similar phase transformation in Co{sub 3−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 4} spinels (1≤x≤2). • The postspinel phases decompose after releasing pressure. • The irreversibility of this phase transformation explains the disappearance of magnetism in these spinels after applying pressure. • Accurate equation of state can be obtained up to 10 GPa using an alcohol mixture as pressure transmitting medium. • The equation of state suggests similar elastic properties for these spinels in this composition range.« less

A Nanohelicoidal Nematic Liquid Crystal Formed by a Non-Linear Duplexed Hexamer.

PubMed

Mandle, Richard J; Goodby, John W

2018-06-11

The twist-bend modulated nematic liquid-crystal phase exhibits formation of a nanometre-scale helical pitch in a fluid and spontaneous breaking of mirror symmetry, leading to a quasi-fluid state composed of chiral domains despite being composed of achiral materials. This phase was only observed for materials with two or more mesogenic units, the manner of attachment between which is always linear. Non-linear oligomers with a H-shaped hexamesogen are now found to exhibit both nematic and twist-bend modulated nematic phases. This shatters the assumption that a linear sequence of mesogenic units is a prerequisite for this phase, and points to this state of matter being exhibited by a wider range of self-assembling structures than was previously envisaged. These results support the double helix model of the TB phase as opposed to the simple heliconical model. This new class of materials could act as low-molecular-weight surrogates for cross-linked liquid-crystalline elastomers. © 2018 Die Autoren. Veröffentlicht von Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

The Growing Public Health Challenges of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation From Use of Indoor Tanning Devices in the United States.

PubMed

Bowman, Diana M; Lewis, Ryan C; Lee, Maximilian S; Yao, Catherine J

2015-08-01

Ultraviolet radiation is recognized as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the world's authority on cancer research. In particular, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can lead to melanoma of the skin, which is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the United States. Yet despite the significant public health burden that is associated with skin cancer in the United States, each year over a million Americans engage in indoor tanning where exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation occurs. In this article, we argue for an immediate ban on the use of commercial indoor tanning by minors and, based on international precedents, the phasing out of all commercial tanning operations in the United States. We consider the use of indoor tanning devices in the United States, epidemiological data on indoor tanning devices and cancer, regulation of tanning devices, and scientific evidence for increased government intervention. © The Author(s) 2015.

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search 15th ABW Satellite Installations, Hawaii

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

Hickam POL Storage Facilities and Pipeline The POL storage facilities remotely located from Hickam Air Force Base (AFB...airfield with less activity than nearby Wheeler and Hickam Air Force Bases . Aircraft activity was significantly reduced in the late 1940’s and the...United States Air Force to conduct the Phase I Records Search at the 15th Air Base Wing 1-2 ES ENGINEERING-SCIENCE PHASE I PHASE 11 PHASE IV

Mitigating Pollutants from Highway Infrastructure for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Compliance: Phase I

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The protection of United States waters, such as the Chesapeake Bay, is of critical importance and has strategic significance to associated state transportation agencies. These organizations must assist in the effort to meet multijurisdictional stormw...

Instructional Systems Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Russell

The United States Army, confronted with sophisticated defense machinery and entry level soldiers with low educational backgrounds, selected a systems approach to training that was developed in 1975 by Florida State University. Instructional Systems Development (IDS), a five-phase process encompassing the entire educational environment, is…

Interannual variations in wheat rust development in China and the United States in relation to the El Nino/Southern oscillation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scherm, H.; Yang, X.B.

The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important and best-characterized mechanisms of global climatic variation. Because regional temperature and precipitation patterns are influenced by the ENSO and plant diseases are responsive to these factors, historical disease records may contain an ENSO-related signal. We used cross-spectral analysis to establish coherence and phase relationships between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), which is a measure of the ENSO, and long-term (>40 years) data on wheat stripe rust in five regions of northern China and wheat stem rust in four climatic divisions of the midwestern United States. Monthly SOI values weremore » averaged from March to June and October to March for analysis of the rust data from China and the United States, respectively, based when weather patterns in these regions are influenced by the ENSO. The coherence relationships showed consistent and significant (0.01 {le} P {le} 0.10) cooscillations between the rust and SOI series at temporal scales characteristic of the ENSO. The five stripe rust series were coherent with the SOI series at periodicities of 2.0 to 3.0 and 8.0 to 10.0 years, and three of the four stem rust series were coherent with the SOI series at a periodicity of 6.8 to 8.2 years. The phase relationships showed that, in most cases, the rust and SOI series cooscillated out of phase, suggesting that the associations between them are indirect. In a separate analysis of a shorter (18 years) stripe rust series form the Pacific Northwest of the United States, disease severity was significantly lower during El Nino years (warm phases of the ENSO) than during non-El Nino years (P {le} 0.0222) or during La Nina years (cold phases of the ENSO) (P {le}0.0253). Although no cause-and-effect relationships could be deduced, this analysis identified methods and directions for future research into relationships between climate and disease at extended temporal scales. 34 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less

All Those Who Remained: The American-Led Guerillas in the Philippines, 1942-1945

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-04

United States Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2014-02...SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Command and General Staff College CGSC 731 McClellan Avenue Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-1350 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S...Luzon through all phases of the campaign. This monograph evaluates the effectiveness of these American-led guerilla groups in supporting the US

Fallon Geothermal Exploration Project, Naval Air Station, Fallon, Nevada.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

magneto- telluric studies. LINEAMENT ANALYSIS As part of the initial phase of the Fallon Exploration Project, a composite lineament analysis of the region...Nevada. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 750, 1924, pp. 79-86. Hoover, D. B., R. M. Senterfit, and Bruce Radtke. Telluric Profile Loca- tion...Map and Telluric Data for the Salt Wells Known Geothermal Resource Area, Nevada. United States Geological Survey Open File Report 77-66F, 1977. Horton

On the Implications of aerosol liquid water and phase separation for modeled organic aerosol mass

EPA Science Inventory

Current chemical transport models assume that organic aerosol (OA)-forming compounds partition mostly to a water-poor, organic-rich phase in accordance with their vapor pressures. However, in the southeast United States, a significant fraction of ambient organic compounds are wat...

19 CFR 207.21 - Final phase notice of scheduling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final phase notice of scheduling. 207.21 Section 207.21 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM...

Analysis of alternative coordination methods at border ports of entry between the United States and Mexico.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

Phase 1: To identify the intersectorial coordination problems between public agencies in Mexico, the problems that originate from the lack of Bi-national Coordination at the Border Ports of Entry, and the costs derived from these problems. Phase 2: T...

Methyl bromide phase out could affect future reforestation efforts

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Methyl bromide has long been an integral component in producing healthy tree seedlings in forest nurseries of California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington. The fumigant was supposed to be completely phased out of use in the United States of America by 2005, but many forest nurseries continue to...

Streets for Pedestrians and Transit : An Evaluation of Three Transit Malls in the United States

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-02-01

The report represents the second phase of a two-phase project designed to acquaint the planning community with the concept of transit malls and to provide information about three of the most important and interesting transit mall projects to a wider ...

Multi-decadal Decline of Southeast United States Streamflow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tootle, G. A.; Lakshmi, V.; Therrell, M.; Huffaker, R.; Elliott, E. A.

2017-12-01

Unprecedented population growth combined with environmental and energy demands have led to water conflict in the Southeastern United States. The states of Florida, Georgia and Alabama have recently engaged in litigation on minimum in-stream flows to maintain ecosystems, fisheries and energy demands while satisfying a growing thirst in metropolitan Atlanta. A study of Southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee) streamflow identified a declining pattern of flow over the past 25 years with increased dry periods being observed in the last decade. When evaluating calendar year streamflow for (56) unimpaired streamflow stations, a robust period of streamflow in the 1970's was followed by a consistent decline in streamflow from 1990 to present. In evaluating 20-year, 10-year and 5-year time periods of annual streamflow volume, the past decade reveals historic lows for each of these periods. When evaluating the influence of high frequency (e.g., El Nino-Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and low frequency (e.g., Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation - AMO) climatic phenomenon, the shift of the AMO from a cold phase to a warm phase in the 1990's combined with multiple La Nina events may be associated with the streamflow decline.

Development and approval of vaccines in the United States.

PubMed

Botstein, P

1986-01-01

In the United States, vaccines and the establishments in which they are manufactured are required to be licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the vaccine can be marketed. This licensing process, as well as the development and investigation of vaccines, is regulated by the FDA's Office of Biologics Research and Review. An application for licensing must contain information supporting the safety, effectiveness, purity and potency of the product. These are data obtained during the investigational phase and then submitted by a commercial sponsor for review and approval. Inspections, surveillance and laboratory testing are performed by the FDA before and after issuance of a license for marketing. The procedures and policies in the investigational and licensing phases of vaccine development are described.

Development of a rapidly deployed Department of Energy emergency response element.

PubMed

Tighe, R J; Riland, C A; Hopkins, R C

2000-02-01

The Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP) directs the Department of Energy (DOE) to maintain a viable, timely, and fully documented response option capable of supporting the responsible Lead Federal Agency in the event of a radiological emergency impacting any state or United States territory (e.g., CONUS). In addition, the DOE maintains a response option to support radiological emergencies outside the continental United States (OCONUS). While the OCONUS mission is not governed by the FRERP, this response is operationally similar to that assigned to the DOE by the FRERP The DOE is prepared to alert, activate, and deploy radiological response teams to augment the Radiological Assistance Program and/or local responders. The Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (RMAC) is a phased response that integrates with the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) in CONUS environments and represents a stand-alone DOE response for OCONUS environments. The FRMAC/RMAC Phase I was formally "stood up" as an operational element in April 1999. The FRMAC/RMAC Phase II proposed "stand-up" date is midyear 2000.

Zak phase induced multiband waveguide by two-dimensional photonic crystals.

PubMed

Yang, Yuting; Xu, Tao; Xu, Yun Fei; Hang, Zhi Hong

2017-08-15

Interface states in photonic crystals provide efficient approaches to control the flow of light. Photonic Zak phase determines the bulk band properties of photonic crystals, and, by assembling two photonic crystals with different bulk band properties together, deterministic interface states can be realized. By translating each unit cell of a photonic crystal by half the lattice constant, another photonic crystal with identical common gaps but a different Zak phase at each photonic band can be created. By assembling these two photonic crystals together, multiband waveguide can thus be easily created and then experimentally characterized. Our experimental results have good agreement with numerical simulations, and the propagation properties of these measured interface states indicate that this new type of interface state will be a good candidate for future applications of optical communications.

SBAR Panel: Phase I Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) To Reduce the Regional Transport of Ozone in the Eastern United States

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

SBAR panel on regional reductions of nitrogen oxides, with focus on the windborne transport of ozone smog and nitrogen oxides from NOx-producing sources in 22 eastern states and the District of Columbia

The modern rotor aerodynamic limits survey: A report and data survey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, J.; Brilla, J.; Kufeld, R.; Balough, D.

1993-01-01

The first phase of the Modern Technology Rotor Program, the Modern Rotor Aerodynamic Limits Survey, was a flight test conducted by the United States Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity for NASA Ames Research Center. The test was performed using a United States Army UH-60A Black Hawk aircraft and the United States Air Force HH-60A Night Hawk instrumented main-rotor blade. The primary purpose of this test was to gather high-speed, steady-state, and maneuvering data suitable for correlation purposes with analytical prediction tools. All aspects of the data base, flight-test instrumentation, and test procedures are presented and analyzed. Because of the high volume of data, only select data points are presented. However, access to the entire data set is available upon request.

Reducing hospital expenditures with the COPE (Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment) program for parents and premature infants: an analysis of direct healthcare neonatal intensive care unit costs and savings.

PubMed

Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek; Feinstein, Nancy Fischbeck

2009-01-01

More than 500,000 premature infants are born in the United States every year. Preterm birth results in a multitude of negative adverse outcomes for children, including extended stays in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), developmental delays, physical and mental health/behavioral problems, increased medical utilization, and poor academic performance. In addition, parents of preterms experience a higher incidence of depression and anxiety disorders along with altered parent-infant interactions and overprotective parenting, which negatively impact their children. The costs associated with preterm birth are exorbitant. In 2005, it is estimated that preterm birth cost the United States $26.2 billion. The purpose of this study was to perform a cost analysis of the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) program for parents of premature infants, a manualized educational-behavioral intervention program comprising audiotaped information and an activity workbook that is administered to parents in 4 phases, the first phase commencing 2 to 4 days after admission to the NICU. Findings indicated that the COPE program resulted in cost savings of at least $4864 per infant. In addition to improving parent and child outcomes, routine implementation of COPE in NICUs across the United States could save the healthcare system more than $2 billion per year.

The Forest Inventory and Analysis Database Version 4.0: Database Description and Users Manual for Phase 3

Treesearch

Christopher W. Woodall; Barbara L. Conkling; Michael C. Amacher; John W. Coulston; Sarah Jovan; Charles H. Perry; Beth Schulz; Gretchen C. Smith; Susan Will Wolf

2010-01-01

Describes the structure of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (FIADB) 4.0 for phase 3 indicators. The FIADB structure provides a consistent framework for storing forest health monitoring data across all ownerships for the entire United States. These data are available to the public.

Spectral weight of excitations in Bose Hubbard model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alavani, Bhargav K.; Pai, Ramesh V.

2017-05-01

We obtain excitation spectra in the superfluid and the Mott Insulator phases of Bose Hubbard model near unit filling within Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and calculate its spectral weight. This gives a transparent description of contribution of each excitation towards the total Density of States (DOS) which we calculate from these spectral weights.

Documents for SBAR Panel: Phase I Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) To Reduce the Regional Transport of Ozone in the Eastern United States

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

SBAR panel on regional reductions of nitrogen oxides, with focus on the windborne transport of ozone smog and nitrogen oxides from NOx-producing sources in 22 eastern states and the District of Columbia

Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Benz, H.M.; Frankel, A.; Boore, D.M.

1997-01-01

Measurements of the Fourier amplitude spectra of Lg phases recorded at high frequency (0.5 to 14.0 Hz) by broadband seismic stations are used to determine regional attenuation relationships for southern California, the Basin and Range Province, the central United States, and the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Fourier spectral amplitudes were measured every quarter octave from Lg phases windowed between 3.0 and 3.7 km sec-1 and recorded in the distance range of 150 to 1000 km. Attenuation at each frequency is determined by assuming a geometrical spreading exponent of 0.5 and inverting for Q and source and receiver terms. Both southern California and the Basin and Range Province are well described by low Lg Q and frequency-dependent attenuation. Lg spectral amplitudes in southern California are fit at low frequencies (0.625 to 0.875 Hz) by a constant Lg Q of 224 and by a frequency-dependent Lg Q function Q = 187-7+7 f0.55(??0.03) in the frequency band 1.0 to 7.0 Hz. The Basin and Range Province is characterized by a constant Lg Q of 192 for frequencies of 0.5 to 0.875 Hz and by the frequency-dependent Lg Q function Q = 235-11+11 f0.56(??0.04) in the frequency band 1.0 to 5.0 Hz. A change in frequency dependence above 5.0 Hz is possible due to contamination of the Lg window by Pn and Sn phases. Lg spectral amplitudes in the central United States are fit by a mean frequency-independent Lg Q of 1291 for frequencies of 1.5 to 7.0 Hz, while a frequency-dependent Lg Q of Q = 1052-83+91(f/1.5)0.22(??0.06) fits the Lg spectral amplitudes for the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada over the passband 1.5 to 14.0 Hz. Attenuation measurements for these areas were restricted to frequencies >1.5 Hz due to larger microseismic noise levels at the lower frequencies.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This is a report on geologic and hydrologic investigations of the former Municipal Landfill, Middlesex, New Jersey, conducted during 1982 and 1983 by Bechtel National, Inc. for the United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Operations Office. The investigations were designed to assess the feasibility of stabilizing the radioactive contamination present on site. The investigations were conducted in two phases: Phase 1 consisted of permeability tests; Phase 2 consisted of tests to ascertain the extent of hydraulic interconnection between various stratigraphic units. The investigations revealed that a complete separation of bedrock and overburden did not exist and that the claymore » present could not be relied upon to confine vertical migration of contaminants over the long term. 6 references, 27 figures, 6 tables.« less

SOLID STATE SENSOR FOR INSPECTION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPE - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the southeast United States and co-benefit of SO2 emission controls

EPA Science Inventory

Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for...

Mathematics: Report of the Project 2061 Phase I Mathematics Panel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackwell, David; Henkin, Leon

This is one of five panel reports that have been prepared as part of the first phase of Project 2061, a long-term multipurpose undertaking of the American Association for the Advancement of Science designed to help reform science, mathematics, and technology education in the United States. Major sections included are: (1) "Introduction";…

THE U.S.-GERMAN BILATERAL WORKING GROUP: COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. RESULTS FROM PHASE 3 (2000-2005) AND BEGINNING OF PHASE 4 (2006-2010)

EPA Science Inventory

Since 1990, the United States and Germany have worked bilaterally to identify, understand and apply innovative technologies and policies for remediation and sustainable revitalization of contaminated sites in each country. The last sixteen years have produced remarkable benefits ...

Uranium- and thorium-bearing pegmatites of the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adams, J.W.; Arengi, J.T.; Parrish, I.S.

1980-04-01

This report is part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program designed to identify criteria favorable for the occurrence of the world's significant uranium deposits. This project deals specifically with uranium- and thorium-bearing pegmatites in the United States and, in particular, their distribution and origin. From an extensive literature survey and field examination of 44 pegmatite localities in the United States and Canada, the authors have compiled an index to about 300 uranium- and thorium-bearing pegmatites in the United States, maps giving location of these deposits, and an annotated bibliography to some of the most pertinent literature on themore » geology of pegmatites. Pegmatites form from late-state magma differentiates rich in volatile constituents with an attendant aqueous vapor phase. It is the presence of an aqueous phase which results in the development of the variable grain size which characterizes pegmatites. All pegmatites occur in areas of tectonic mobility involving crustal material usually along plate margins. Those pegmatites containing radioactive mineral species show, essentially, a similar distribution to those without radioactive minerals. Criteria such as tectonic setting, magma composition, host rock, and elemental indicators among others, all serve to help delineate areas more favorable for uranium- and thorium-bearing pegmatites. The most useful guide remains the radioactivity exhibited by uranium- and thorium-bearing pegmatites. Although pegmatites are frequently noted as favorable hosts for radioactive minerals, the general paucity and sporadic distribution of these minerals and inherent mining and milling difficulties negate the resource potential of pegmatites for uranium and thorium.« less

Evidence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation driving multi-decadal variability of summertime surface air quality in the eastern United States: Implications for air quality management in the coming decades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, L.; Mickley, L. J.

2016-12-01

Atlantic sea surface temperatures have a significant influence on the summertime meteorology and air quality in the eastern United States. In this study, we investigate the effect of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on two key air pollutants, surface ozone and PM2.5, over the eastern United States. The shift of AMO from cold to warm phase increases surface air temperatures by 0.5 K across the East and reduces precipitation, resulting in a warmer and drier summer. By applying observed, present-day relationships between these pollutants and meteorological variables to a variety of observations and historical reanalysis datasets, we calculate the impacts of AMO on U.S. air quality. Our study reveals a multidecadal variability in mean summertime (JJA) maximum daily 8-hour (MDA8) ozone and surface PM2.5 concentrations in the eastern United States. In one-half cycle ( 30 years) of the AMO from negative to positive phase with constant anthropogenic emissions, JJA MDA8 ozone concentrations increase by 1-3 ppbv in the Northeast and 2-5 ppbv in the Great Plains; JJA PM2.5 concentrations increase by 0.8-1.2 μg m-3 in the Northeast and Southeast. The resulting impact on mortality rates is 4000 excess deaths per half cycle of AMO. We suggest that a complete picture of air quality management in coming decades requires consideration of the AMO influence.

Rotational Rehybridization and the High Temperature Phase of UC2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wen, Xiaodong; Rudin, Sven P.; Batista, Enrique R.

2012-12-03

The screened hybrid approximation (HSE) of density functional theory (DFT) is used to examine the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the high temperature phase, cubic UC(2). This phase contains C(2) units with a computed C-C distance of 1.443 Å which is in the range of a CC double bond; U is formally 4+, C(2) 4-. The closed shell paramagnetic state (NM) was found to lie lowest. Cubic UC(2) is found to be a semiconductor with a narrow gap, 0.4 eV. Interestingly, the C(2) units connecting two uranium sites can rotate freely up to an angle of 30°, indicating amore » hindered rotational solid. Ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations (HSE) show that the rotation of C(2) units in the low temperature phase (tetragonal UC(2)) occurs above 2000 K, in good agreement with experiment. The computed energy barrier for the phase transition from tetragonal UC(2) to cubic UC(2) is around 1.30 eV per UC(2). What is fascinating about this system is that at high temperature, the phase transformation to the cubic phase is associated with a rehybridization of the C atoms from sp to sp(3).« less

Factors that facilitate or inhibit interest of domestic students in the engineering PhD: A mixed methods study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howell Smith, Michelle C.

Given the increasing complexity of technology in our society, the United States has a growing demand for a more highly educated technical workforce. Unfortunately, the proportion of United States citizens earning a PhD in engineering has been declining and there is concern about meeting the economic, national security and quality of life needs of our country. This mixed methods sequential exploratory instrument design study identified factors that facilitate or inhibit interest in engineering PhD programs among domestic engineering undergraduate students in the United States. This study developed a testable theory for how domestic students become interested in engineering PhD programs and a measure of that process, the Exploring Engineering Interest Inventory (EEII). The study was conducted in four phases. The first phase of the study was a qualitative grounded theory exploration of interest in the engineering PhD. Qualitative data were collected from domestic engineering students, engineering faculty and industry professional who had earned a PhD in engineering. The second phase, instrument development, developed the Exploring Engineering Interest Inventory (EEII), a measurement instrument designed with good psychometric properties to test a series of preliminary hypotheses related to the theory generated in the qualitative phase. In the third phase of the study, the EEII was used to collect data from a larger sample of junior and senior engineering majors. The fourth phase integrated the findings from the qualitative and quantitative phases. Four factors were identified as being significant influences of interest in the engineering PhD: Personal characteristics, educational environment, misperceptions of the economic and personal costs, and misperceptions of engineering work. Recommendations include increasing faculty encouragement of students to pursue an engineering PhD and programming to correct the misperceptions of the costs of the engineering PhD and the nature of the work that PhD engineers do. The tested model provides engineering educators with information to help them prioritize their efforts to increase interest in the engineering PhD among domestic students.

Topological solitons as addressable phase bits in a driven laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garbin, Bruno; Javaloyes, Julien; Tissoni, Giovanna; Barland, Stéphane

2015-01-01

Optical localized states are usually defined as self-localized bistable packets of light, which exist as independently controllable optical intensity pulses either in the longitudinal or transverse dimension of nonlinear optical systems. Here we demonstrate experimentally and analytically the existence of longitudinal localized states that exist fundamentally in the phase of laser light. These robust and versatile phase bits can be individually nucleated and canceled in an injection-locked semiconductor laser operated in a neuron-like excitable regime and submitted to delayed feedback. The demonstration of their control opens the way to their use as phase information units in next-generation coherent communication systems. We analyse our observations in terms of a generic model, which confirms the topological nature of the phase bits and discloses their formal but profound analogy with Sine-Gordon solitons.

Sustained phase separation and spin glass in Co-doped K x Fe 2 - y Se 2 single crystals

DOE PAGES

Ryu, Hyejin; Wang, Kefeng; Opacic, M.; ...

2015-11-19

We describe Co substitution effects in K xFe 2-y-zCo zSe 2 (0.06 ≤ z ≤ 1.73) single crystal alloys. By 3.5% of Co doping superconductivity is suppressed whereas phase separation of semiconducting K 2Fe 4Se 5 and superconducting/metallic K xFe 2Se 2 is still present. We show that the arrangement and distribution of superconducting phase (stripe phase) is connected with the arrangement of K, Fe and Co atoms. Semiconducting spin glass is found in proximity to superconducting state, persisting for large Co concentrations. At high Co concentrations ferromagnetic metallic state emerges above the spin glass. This is coincident withmore » changes of the unit cell, arrangement and connectivity of stripe conducting phase.« less

A study of stress-induced phase transformation and micromechanical behavior of CuZr-based alloy by in-situ neutron diffraction

DOE PAGES

Wang, Dongmei; Mu, Juan; Chen, Yan; ...

2017-03-01

The stress-induced phase transformation and micromechanical behavior of CuZr-based alloy were investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction. The pseudoelastic behavior with a pronounced strain-hardening effect is observed. The retained martensite nuclei and the residual stress obtained from the 1st cycle reduce the stress threshold for the martensitic transformation. A critical stress level is required for the reverse martensitic transformation from martensite to B2 phase. An increase of intensity for the B2 (110) plane in the 1st cycle is caused by the twinning along the {112}<111> twinning system. The convoluted stress partitioning influenced by the elastic and transformation anisotropy along with themore » newly formed martensite determines the microstress partitioning of the studied CuZr-based alloy. The reversible martensitic transformation is responsible for the pseudoelasticity. The macro mechanical behavior of the pure B2 phase can be divided into 3 stages, which are mediated by the evolvement of the martensitic transformation. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).« less

Addressing risk factors for child abuse among high risk pregnant women: design of a randomised controlled trial of the nurse family partnership in Dutch preventive health care.

PubMed

Mejdoubi, Jamila; van den Heijkant, Silvia; Struijf, Elle; van Leerdam, Frank; HiraSing, Remy; Crijnen, Alfons

2011-10-21

Low socio-economic status combined with other risk factors affects a person's physical and psychosocial health from childhood to adulthood. The societal impact of these problems is huge, and the consequences carry on into the next generation(s). Although several studies show these consequences, only a few actually intervene on these issues. In the United States, the Nurse Family Partnership focuses on high risk pregnant women and their children. The main goal of this program is primary prevention of child abuse. The Netherlands is the first country outside the United States allowed to translate and culturally adapt the Nurse Family Partnership into VoorZorg. The aim of the present study is to assess whether VoorZorg is as effective in the Netherland as in the United States. The study consists of three partly overlapping phases. Phase 1 was the translation and cultural adaptation of Nurse Family Partnership and the design of a two-stage selection procedure. Phase 2 was a pilot study to examine the conditions for implementation. Phase 3 is the randomized controlled trial of VoorZorg compared to the care as usual. Primary outcome measures were smoking cessation during pregnancy and after birth, birth outcomes, child development, child abuse and domestic violence. The secondary outcome measure was the number of risk factors present. This study shows that the Nurse Family Partnership was successfully translated and culturally adapted into the Dutch health care system and that this program fulfills the needs of high-risk pregnant women. We hypothesize that this program will be effective in addressing risk factors that operate during pregnancy and childhood and compromise fetal and child development. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16131117.

A study of stress-induced phase transformation and micromechanical behavior of CuZr-based alloy by in-situ neutron diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Dongmei; Mu, Juan; Chen, Yan

The stress-induced phase transformation and micromechanical behavior of CuZr-based alloy were investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction. The pseudoelastic behavior with a pronounced strain-hardening effect is observed. The retained martensite nuclei and the residual stress obtained from the 1st cycle reduce the stress threshold for the martensitic transformation. A critical stress level is required for the reverse martensitic transformation from martensite to B2 phase. An increase of intensity for the B2 (110) plane in the 1st cycle is caused by the twinning along the {112}<111> twinning system. The convoluted stress partitioning influenced by the elastic and transformation anisotropy along with themore » newly formed martensite determines the microstress partitioning of the studied CuZr-based alloy. The reversible martensitic transformation is responsible for the pseudoelasticity. The macro mechanical behavior of the pure B2 phase can be divided into 3 stages, which are mediated by the evolvement of the martensitic transformation. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).« less

The Department of Defense and Homeland Security relationship: Hurricane Katrina through Hurricane Irene.

PubMed

Weaver, John Michael

2015-01-01

This research explored federal intervention with the particular emphasis on examining how a collaborative relationship between Department of Defense (DOD) and Homeland Security (DHS) led to greater effectiveness between these two federal departments and their subordinates (United States Northern Command and Federal Emergency Management Agency, respectively) during the preparation and response phases of the disaster cycle regarding US continental-based hurricanes. Through the application of a two-phased, sequential mixed methods approach, this study determined how their relationship has led to longitudinal improvements in the years following Hurricane Katrina, focusing on hurricanes as the primary unit of analysis.

The Pacific Phased Adaptive Approach: U.S. BMD in Response to the DPRK

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

order to garner votes in a district with a number of South Korean immigrants , a candidate endorsed support for bill that request state schools teach...engaging in more free trade agreements. The ROK has concluded agreements with the United States, Chile , Singapore, India, and Peru.231 The ROK has also

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-07-11

Artist's concept for Phase III of the International Space Station (ISS) as shown here in its completed and fully operational state with elements from the United States, Europe, Canada, Japan, and Russia. Sixteen countries are cooperating to provide a multidisciplinary laboratory, technology test bed, and observatory that will provide an unprecedented undertaking in scientific, technological, and international experimentation.

32 CFR 901.21 - Notification of selection or nonselection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Regular airmen in technical school completes all phases of training, if time permits, before reporting to... MILITARY TRAINING AND SCHOOLS APPOINTMENT TO THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY Nomination Procedures and...

Influence of Packing on Low Energy Vibrations of Densified Glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carini, Giovanni, Jr.; Carini, Giuseppe; D'Angelo, Giovanna; Tripodo, Gaspare; Di Marco, Gaetano; Vasi, Cirino; Gilioli, Edmondo

2013-12-01

A comparative study of Raman scattering and low temperature specific heat capacity has been performed on samples of B2O3, which have been high-pressure quenched to go through different glassy phases having growing density to the crystalline state. It has revealed that the excess volume characterizing the glassy networks favors the formation of specific glassy structural units, the boroxol rings, which produce the boson peak, a broad band of low energy vibrational states. The decrease of boroxol rings with increasing pressure of synthesis is associated with the progressive depression of the excess low energy vibrations until their full disappearance in the crystalline phase, where the rings are missing. These observations prove that the additional soft vibrations in glasses arise from specific units whose formation is made possible by the poor atomic packing of the network.

DISCRIMINATION OF ALTERED BASALTIC ROCKS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES BY ANALYSIS OF LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davis, Philip A.; Berlin, Graydon L.; Chavez, Pat S.

1987-01-01

Landsat Thematic Mapper image data were analyzed to determine their ability to discriminate red cone basalts from gray flow basalts and sedimentary country rocks for three volcanic fields in the southwestern United States. Analyses of all of the possible three-band combinations of the six nonthermal bands indicate that the combination of bands 1, 4, and 5 best discriminates among these materials. The color-composite image of these three bands unambiguously discriminates 89 percent of the mapped red volcanic cones in the three volcanic fields. Mineralogic and chemical analyses of collected samples indicate that discrimination is facilitated by the presence of hematite as a major mineral phase in the red cone basalts (hematite is only a minor mineral phase in the gray flow basalts and red sedimentary rocks).

Bioethanol production optimization: a thermodynamic analysis.

PubMed

Alvarez, Víctor H; Rivera, Elmer Ccopa; Costa, Aline C; Filho, Rubens Maciel; Wolf Maciel, Maria Regina; Aznar, Martín

2008-03-01

In this work, the phase equilibrium of binary mixtures for bioethanol production by continuous extractive process was studied. The process is composed of four interlinked units: fermentor, centrifuge, cell treatment unit, and flash vessel (ethanol-congener separation unit). A proposal for modeling the vapor-liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures found in the flash vessel has been considered. This approach uses the Predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state, with original and modified molecular parameters. The congeners considered were acetic acid, acetaldehyde, furfural, methanol, and 1-pentanol. The results show that the introduction of new molecular parameters r and q in the UNIFAC model gives more accurate predictions for the concentration of the congener in the gas phase for binary and ternary systems.

Redesigning the United States Marine Corps Contingency Contracting Process of Knowledge Sharing and Tool Usage

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

Group 1999, Davenport and Prusak 1998). Although differences do exist, the four models are similar. In the amalgamated model , the phases of the KMLC...15 Phase 1, create, is the discovery and development of new knowledge (Despres and Chavel 1999, Gartner Group 1999). Phase 2, organize, involves...This generally entails modeling and analysis that results in one or more (re)designs for the process in question. The process, along with

Sources of Stress and Burnout among Faculty Developers and Coping Strategies--Cross-Cultural Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perlberg, Arye; Kremer-Hayon, Lya

This study, carried out in two phases, was conducted to examine the sources of stress and burnout among faculty developers and the coping strategies the faculty use. In the first phase, in-depth interviews with individual faculty developers and their superiors were carried out in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Western Europe, and…

A Look at Long-Term Strategic Planning: Comparing and Contrasting the United States Government 3D Planning Model and a Non-Governmental Organization

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-11

labor . The first phase is primarily focused at the community level with education, training, and developing skills. Phase two is a transition to...incorporates design into the framework as the project is identified and reinserted several times in the process, to include toward the end of

A Strategic Plan for Promoting and Expanding Apprenticeship in the U.S. (Phase II). Recommendations of the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Office of Work-Based Learning.

In preparing Phase I of the Strategic Plan, the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship noted that efforts beyond education and technical assistance may be needed to develop apprenticeship fully in the United States. Specifically, the committee would examine and make recommendations with respect to such issues as incentives for participation,…

Planning and the Interagency Process: How can the United States Department of Defense and the Department of State Prepare for Future Joint Operations in a Time of Reduced Budgets?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-30

Conrad Crane, “Phase IV Operations: Where Wars are Really Won.” Military Review, ( May -June 2005, http://usacac.army.mil/ CAC2 /MilitaryReview/Archives...Wars are Really Won.” Military Review, ( May -June 2005, http://usacac.army.mil/ CAC2 /MilitaryReview/Archives/English...Yerace, Joshua J 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER N/A 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) USMC Command and Staff College Marine Corps

Resource Letter OSE-1: Observing Solar Eclipses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pasachoff, Jay M.; Fraknoi, Andrew

2017-07-01

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the available literature, listing selected books, articles, and online resources about scientific, cultural, and practical issues related to observing solar eclipses. It is timely, given that a total solar eclipse will cross the continental United States on August 21, 2017. The next total solar eclipse path crossing the U.S. and Canada will be on April 8, 2024. In 2023, the path of annularity of an annular eclipse will cross Mexico, the United States, and Canada, with partial phases visible throughout those countries.

STTR Phase 1 Final Technical Report for Project Entitled "Developing a Mobile Torrefaction Machine"

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James, Joseph J.

The goal of this project, sponsored by Agri-Tech Producers, LLC (ATP), the small business grantee, was to determine if the torrefaction technology, developed by North Carolina State University (NCSU), which ATP has licensed, could be feasibly deployed in a mobile unit. The study adds to the area investigated, by having ATP’s STTR Phase I team give thoughtful consideration to how to use NCSU’s technology in a mobile unit. The findings by ATP’s team were that NCSU’s technology would best perform in units 30’ by 80’ (See Spec Sheet for the Torre-Tech 5.0 Unit in the Appendix) and the technical effectivenessmore » and economic feasibility investigation suggested that such units were not easily, efficiently or safely utilized in a forest or farm setting. (Note rendering of possible mobile system in the Appendix) Therefore, the findings by ATP’s team were that NCSU’s technology could not feasibly be deployed as a mobile unit.« less

Resource quality of a symmetry-protected topologically ordered phase for quantum computation.

PubMed

Miller, Jacob; Miyake, Akimasa

2015-03-27

We investigate entanglement naturally present in the 1D topologically ordered phase protected with the on-site symmetry group of an octahedron as a potential resource for teleportation-based quantum computation. We show that, as long as certain characteristic lengths are finite, all its ground states have the capability to implement any unit-fidelity one-qubit gate operation asymptotically as a key computational building block. This feature is intrinsic to the entire phase, in that perfect gate fidelity coincides with perfect string order parameters under a state-insensitive renormalization procedure. Our approach may pave the way toward a novel program to classify quantum many-body systems based on their operational use for quantum information processing.

Resource Quality of a Symmetry-Protected Topologically Ordered Phase for Quantum Computation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Jacob; Miyake, Akimasa

2015-03-01

We investigate entanglement naturally present in the 1D topologically ordered phase protected with the on-site symmetry group of an octahedron as a potential resource for teleportation-based quantum computation. We show that, as long as certain characteristic lengths are finite, all its ground states have the capability to implement any unit-fidelity one-qubit gate operation asymptotically as a key computational building block. This feature is intrinsic to the entire phase, in that perfect gate fidelity coincides with perfect string order parameters under a state-insensitive renormalization procedure. Our approach may pave the way toward a novel program to classify quantum many-body systems based on their operational use for quantum information processing.

Statistical Relationships between the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and Winter Tornado Outbreaks in the U.S

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson Cook, A. D.; Schaefer, J. T.

2009-12-01

Winter tornado activity (January-March) between 1950 and 2003 was analyzed to determine the possible effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation on the frequency, location, and strength of tornado outbreaks in the United States. Outbreaks were gauged through analyses of tornadoes occurring on tornado days (a calendar day featuring six or more tornadoes within the contiguous United States) and then stratified according to warm (37 tornado days), cold (51 tornado days), and neutral (74 tornado days) winter ENSO phase. Tornado days were also stratified according to NAO phase (positive, negative, and neutral) as well. Although significant changes in the frequency of tornado outbreaks were not observed, spatial shifts in tornado activity are observed, primarily as a function of ENSO phase. Historically, the neutral ENSO phase features tornado outbreaks from central Oklahoma and Kansas eastward through the Carolinas. During cold ENSO phases (La Niña), tornado outbreaks typically occur in a zone stretching from southeastern Texas northeastward into Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. Winter tornado activity was mainly limited to areas near the Gulf Coast, including central Florida, during anomalously warm phases (El Niño). Shifts in the intensity of tornado activity were also found as a function of ENSO and particularly NAO phase. Stronger tornadoes with longer path lengths were observed during La Niña and Neutral ENSO events, as well as Positive and Neutral NAO events.

Pressure Induced Iron Spin Crossover in MgGeO3 Perovskite and Post-perovskite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wentzcovitch, R. M.; Shukla, G.; Topsakal, M.

2014-12-01

MgGeO3-perovskite is known to be a low-pressure analog of MgSiO3-perovskite in many respects, but especially in regard to the post-perovskite transition. As such, investigation of spin state changes in Fe-bearing MgGeO3 might help to clarify some aspects of this type of state change in Fe-bearing MgSiO3. Using DFT+U calculations, we have investigated pressure induced state changes in Fe-bearing MgGeO3 perovskite and post-perovskite. Owing to the relatively larger atomic size of germanium compared to silicon, germanate phases have larger unit cell volume and interatomic distances than equivalent silicate phases at same pressures. As a result, all pressure induced state changes in iron occur at higher pressures in germanate phases than in the silicate ones, be it a spin state change or position change of (ferrous) iron in the perovskite cage. The effect of iron in the post-perovskite transition is also investigated.

Hazardous materials risk assessment : phase I

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

This report presents the test plan for collecting and analyzing transit system data for the Atlanta Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) and CRD Pro...

A Study of English Language Training for Refugees. Public Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reder, Stephen; And Others

The final report of a study on the impact of English language training on adult Southeast Asian refugees in the United States summarizes the findings of the study's three phases, which include (1) a mail survey of local, regional, and state program administrators; (2) 22 program site visits and four community surveys; and (3) a six-month…

Summary Report: Forest Health Monitoring in the South, 1991

Treesearch

William A. Bechtold; William H. Hoffard; Robert L. Anderson

1992-01-01

The USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have launched a joint program to monitor the health of forests iu the United States. The program is still in the initial phases of implementation, but several indicators of forest health are undergoiug development and permanent plots have been established in 12 States. This report contains...

Prevalence of internal parasites in beef cows in the United States: results of the NAHMS Beef 2007-08 study

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

During the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System’s (NAHMS) Beef 2007-08 study, 567 producers from 24 states were offered the opportunity to collect fecal samples from weaned calves and have them evaluated for the presence of parasite eggs (Phase 1). Producers choosing to participate were pr...

76 FR 72719 - Certain Stilbenic Optical Brightening Agents From China and Taiwan; Scheduling of the Final Phase...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... whether an industry in the United States is materially injured or threatened with material injury, or the... any state (including but not limited to powder, slurry, or solution), of any concentrations of active... that are not certain stilbenic OBAs) and in any type of packaging.'' [[Page 72720

Studies and Analyses of Aided Adversarial Decision Making. Phase 2: Research on Human Trust in Automation

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

34AFRL-HE-WP-TR-1999-0216 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY STUDIES AND ANALYSES OF AIDED ADVERSARIAL DECISION MAKING PHASE 2: RESEARCH ON...Analyses of Aided Adversarial Decision Making . C: F41624-94-D-6000 Phase 2: Research on Human Trust in Automation PE: 62202F PR: 7184 6. AUTHOR(S) TA...Buffalo. This work focused on Aided Adversarial Decision Making (AADM) in Information Warfare (1W) environments. Previous work examined informational

Using Geothermal Electric Power to Reduce Carbon Footprint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crombie, George W.

Human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, increase carbon dioxide levels, which contributes to global warming. The research problem of the current study examined if geothermal electric power could adequately replace fossil fuel by 2050, thus reducing the emissions of carbon dioxide while avoiding potential problems with expanding nuclear generation. The purpose of this experimental research was to explore under what funding and business conditions geothermal power could be exploited to replace fossil fuels, chiefly coal. Complex systems theory, along with network theory, provided the theoretical foundation for the study. Research hypotheses focused on parameters, such as funding level, exploration type, and interfaces with the existing power grid that will bring the United States closest to the goal of phasing out fossil based power by 2050. The research was conducted by means of computer simulations, using agent-based modeling, wherein data were generated and analyzed. The simulations incorporated key information about the location of geothermal resources, exploitation methods, transmission grid limits and enhancements, and demand centers and growth. The simulation suggested that rapid and aggressive deployment of geothermal power plants in high potential areas, combined with a phase out of coal and nuclear plants, would produce minimal disruptions in the supply of electrical power in the United States. The implications for social change include reduced risk of global warming for all humans on the planet, reduced pollution due to reduction or elimination of coal and nuclear power, increased stability in energy supply and prices in the United States, and increased employment of United States citizens in jobs related to domestic energy production.

Current developments in understanding of West Nile virus central nervous system disease.

PubMed

Tyler, Kenneth L

2014-06-01

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis in the United States. We review articles published in the last 18 months related to the epidemiology, immunology, clinical features, and treatment of this disease. There was a resurgence in WNV disease in the United States in 2012. The WNV strain now predominant in the United States (NA/WN02) differs from the initial emergent isolate in 1999 (NY99). However, differences in the genetics of currently circulating United States WNV strains do not explain variations in epidemic magnitude or disease severity. Innate and acquired immunity are critical in control of WNV, and in some cases pathways are central nervous system specific. The clinical features of infection are now well understood, although nonconfirmed observations of chronic viral excretion in urine remain controversial. There is no specific antiviral therapy for WNV, but studies of antivirals specific for other flaviviruses may identify agents with promise against WNV. Phase I and II human WNV vaccine clinical trials have established that well tolerated and immunogenic WNV vaccines can be developed. WNV remains an important public health problem. Although recent studies have significantly increased our understanding of host immune and genetic factors involved in control of WNV infection, no specific therapy is yet available. Development of a well tolerated, immunogenic, and effective vaccine against WNV is almost certainly feasible, but economic factors and the lack of predictability of the magnitude and location of outbreaks are problematic for designing phase III trials and ultimate licensure.

Petalite under pressure: Elastic behavior and phase stability

DOE PAGES

Ross, Nancy L.; Zhao, Jing; Slebodnick, Carla; ...

2015-04-01

The lithium aluminosilicate mineral petalite (LiAlSi 4O 10) has been studied using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HP-XRD) up to 5 GPa. Petalite undergoes two pressure-induced first-order phase transitions, never reported in the literature, at ca. 1.5 and 2.5 GPa. The first of these transforms the low-pressure α-phase of petalite (P2/c) to an intermediate β-phase that then fully converts to the high-pressure β-phase at ca. 2.5 GPa. The α→β transition is isomorphic and is associated with a commensurate modulation that triples the unit cell volume. Analysis of the HP-XRD data show that although the fundamental features of the petalite structure aremore » retained through this transition, there are subtle alterations in the internal structure of the silicate double-layers in the β-phase relative to the α-phase. Measurement of the unit cell parameters of petalite as a function of pressure, and fitting of the data with 3rd order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state, has provided revised elastic constants for petalite. The bulk moduli of the α and β-phases are 49(1) and 35(3) GPa, respectively. These values indicate that the compressibility of the- phase of petalite lies between the alkali feldpsars and alkali feldspathoids, whereas the β-phase has a compressibility more comparable with layered silicates. Structure analysis has shown that the compression of the -phase is facilitated by the rigid body movement of the Si 2O 7 units from which the silicate double-layers are constructed.« less

Safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) strain BB-12-supplemented yogurt in healthy adults on antibiotics: a phase I safety study

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient doses, provide health benefits on the host. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires phase I safety studies for probiotics when the intended use of the product is as a drug. The purpose of the study was to ...

Identification of Information Needs of the American Indian Community That Can be Met by Library Services. Phase III. Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Antell, Lee

The National Indian Education Association (NIEA) was awarded a grant by the Bureau of Libraries and Learning Resources of the United States Office of Education to identify library and information needs of Indian people and to establish, operate, and evaluate three demonstration sites. Phases one and two of the project consisted of the…

Investigation of the polarization state of dual APPLE-II undulators.

PubMed

Hand, Matthew; Wang, Hongchang; Dhesi, Sarnjeet S; Sawhney, Kawal

2016-01-01

The use of an APPLE II undulator is extremely important for providing a high-brilliance X-ray beam with the capability to switch between various photon beam polarization states. A high-precision soft X-ray polarimeter has been used to systematically investigate the polarization characteristics of the two helical APPLE II undulators installed on beamline I06 at Diamond Light Source. A simple data acquisition and processing procedure has been developed to determine the Stokes polarization parameters for light polarized at arbitrary linear angles emitted from a single undulator, and for circularly polarized light emitted from both undulators in conjunction with a single-period undulator phasing unit. The purity of linear polarization is found to deteriorate as the polarization angle moves away from the horizontal and vertical modes. Importantly, a negative correlation between the degree of circular polarization and the photon flux has been found when the phasing unit is used.

Crisis-Expectant Planning for Crisis Relocation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

WORK UNIT NUmBERS Human Sciences Research, Inc. 7710 Old Springhouse Road Work Unit 482 1G McLean, Virginia 22102 It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND... Controlling Office) UNCLASSUIFIEDS.(1 ereot I Sm. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATE64ENT (of &hs .1. oer) Approved for Pttblic...preattack relocation period. 4. Improved population control with respect to orchestrating or phasing the evacuation movement, the post-evacuation

[Drug supplies in primary care units at the Ministry of Health in Mexico].

PubMed

Gómez-Dantés, O; Garrido-Latorre, F; Tirado-Gómez, L L; Ramírez, D; Macías, C

2001-01-01

To identify the availability of some essential drugs (ED) at primary health care units of the Mexican Ministry of Health (SSA), using data from a research work conducted in 1996 and 1997. A random sample of the 18 sanitary jurisdictions of states participating in the Extension of Coverage Program (ECP) was drawn. All primary care units from selected jurisdictions were evaluated through an inspection visit, using a checklist that included 36 ED. In phase I of the analysis, the absolute number and proportion of units without a single item of any of the 36 drugs were calculated. In the units with available drugs, the median of the distribution was also calculated. In phase II, the medians according to the type of health unit and state was obtained. The statistic utilized for the comparison of the medians was the Scheffé test with one way variance analysis. In addition, the drugs were classified according to their therapeutic indication and the medians and proportion of available drugs were calculated. The differences in proportion were evaluated with the statistic chi 2. During the visits, on average, 18 of the 36 drugs included in the list of the study were found in the health units. The availability of antibiotics, antituberculosis drugs, and antimalarial drugs was particularly poor. In contrast, oral rehydration salts, family planning methods and vaccines were usually available. In general, the PAC3 states presented the best availability figures. The Ministry of Health of México will have to develop an enormous effort to overcome the obstacles related to the supply of essential drugs in primary health care units. Otherwise, all other efforts directed to meet the needs of the non-insured population will end up being useless, and enormous amounts of the already scarce resources of the health sector will be wasted since drugs are a vital component of the long chain of health care.

Short-period surface-wave phase velocities across the conterminous United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekström, G.

2017-09-01

Surface-wave phase-velocity maps for the full footprint of the USArray Transportable Array (TA) across the conterminous United States are developed and tested. Three-component, long-period continuous seismograms recorded on more than 1800 seismometers, most of which were deployed for 18 months or longer, are processed using a noise cross-correlation technique to derive inter-station Love and Rayleigh dispersion curves at periods between 5 and 40 s. The phase-velocity measurements are quality controlled using an automated algorithm and then used in inversions for Love and Rayleigh phase-velocity models at discrete periods on a 0.25°-by-0.25° pixel grid. The robustness of the results is examined using comparisons of maps derived from subsets of the data. A winter-summer division of the cross-correlation data results in small model differences, indicating relatively minor sensitivity of the results to seasonal variations in the distribution of noise sources. Division of the dispersion data based on inter-station azimuth does not result in geographically coherent model differences, suggesting that azimuthal anisotropy at the regional scale is weak compared with variations in isotropic velocities and does not substantially influence the results for isotropic velocities. The phase-velocity maps and dispersion measurements are documented and made available as data products of the 10-year-long USArray TA deployment.

Annual and seasonal tornado activity in the United States and the global wind oscillation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Todd W.

2018-06-01

Previous studies have searched for relationships between tornado activity and atmospheric teleconnections to provide insight on the relationship between tornadoes, their environments, and larger scale patterns in the climate system. Knowledge of these relationships is practical because it can improve seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions of tornado probability and, therefore, help mitigate tornado-related losses. This study explores the relationships between the annual and seasonal tornado activity in the United States and the Global Wind Oscillation. Time series herein show that phases of the Global Wind Oscillation, and atmospheric angular momentum anomalies, vary over a period of roughly 20-25 years. Rank correlations indicate that tornado activity is weakly correlated with phases 2, 3, and 4 (positive) and 6, 7, and 8 (negative) of the Global Wind Oscillation in winter, spring, and fall. The correlation is not as clear in summer or at the annual scale. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests indicate that winters and springs with more phase 2, 3, and 4 and fewer phase 6, 7, and 8 days tend to have more tornadoes. Lastly, logistic regression models indicate that winters and springs with more phase 2, 3, and 4 days have greater likelihoods of having more than normal tornado activity. Combined, these analyses suggest that seasons with more low atmospheric angular momentum days, or phase 2, 3, and 4 days, tend to have greater tornado activity than those with fewer days, and that this relationship is most evident in winter and spring.

Annual and seasonal tornado activity in the United States and the global wind oscillation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Todd W.

2017-08-01

Previous studies have searched for relationships between tornado activity and atmospheric teleconnections to provide insight on the relationship between tornadoes, their environments, and larger scale patterns in the climate system. Knowledge of these relationships is practical because it can improve seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions of tornado probability and, therefore, help mitigate tornado-related losses. This study explores the relationships between the annual and seasonal tornado activity in the United States and the Global Wind Oscillation. Time series herein show that phases of the Global Wind Oscillation, and atmospheric angular momentum anomalies, vary over a period of roughly 20-25 years. Rank correlations indicate that tornado activity is weakly correlated with phases 2, 3, and 4 (positive) and 6, 7, and 8 (negative) of the Global Wind Oscillation in winter, spring, and fall. The correlation is not as clear in summer or at the annual scale. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests indicate that winters and springs with more phase 2, 3, and 4 and fewer phase 6, 7, and 8 days tend to have more tornadoes. Lastly, logistic regression models indicate that winters and springs with more phase 2, 3, and 4 days have greater likelihoods of having more than normal tornado activity. Combined, these analyses suggest that seasons with more low atmospheric angular momentum days, or phase 2, 3, and 4 days, tend to have greater tornado activity than those with fewer days, and that this relationship is most evident in winter and spring.

Empowered: Renewable energy, western states and the Bureau of Land Management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buthman, James Douglas

Renewable Energy (RE) increasingly influences electrical markets throughout the United States. The public lands, those lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), are being used for the placement of utility-scale (20+ Megawatts) RE facilities, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal power plants. This dissertation uses Kingdon's (1984) multiple streams theory (MS) as a framework to examine state influence on the implementation phase of the federal policy process. This is a comparative case study of four western states (Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah). Three theories guide the examination of the three streams of governmental action: problems = new institutionalism; policies = cooperative federalism; and politics = networks. The research question asks: How do state governments affect the implementation phase of the federal policy process concerning the use of the public lands for utility-scale RE?

Benefits of Addressing HFCs under the Montreal Protocol 2014

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The United States, Canada, and Mexico together submitted a proposal in April 2015 to phase-down production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the Montreal Protocol. This paper presents an analysis of the potential benefits of such action.

A travel - livability index for seniors, phase I : livability attribute importance.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-12

The term livability has been finding its way into policy discussions in the United : States steadily over the last decade. Organizations like the American Planning : Association (APA) and AARP have been concerned about livable neighborhoods and...

Development of advanced blanket performance under irradiation and system integration through JUPITER-II project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abe, Katsunori; Kohyama, Akira; Tanaka, Satoru

This report describes an outline of the activities of the JUPITER-II collaboration (japan-USA program of Irradiation/Integration test for Fusion Research-II), Which has bee carried out through six years (2001-2006) under Phase 4 of the collabroation implemented by Amendment 4 of Annex 1 to the DOE (United States Department of Energy)-MEXT (Ministry of Education ,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology) Cooperation. This program followed the RTNS-II Program (Phase1:1982-4986), the FFTF/MOTA Program (Phase2:1987-1994) and the JUPITER Program (Phase 3: 1995-2000) [1].

Two Blades of Grass: A Summary of Two Studies on Agricultural Innovation in India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy, Prodipto; And Others

Under contract with the United States Agency for International Development and Michigan State University, a study was made comparing diffusion of innovations in Brazil, Nigeria, and India. In India, the study was in two phases: a survey of 108 villages in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal; and a study of adoption behavior among 680…

Evaluation of a Statewide Initiative in the United States to Prevent/Reduce Sexual Harassment in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weist, Mark D.; Bryant, Yaphet U.; Dantzler, Joyce; Martin, Saran; D'Amico, Marie; Griffith, Brian; Gallun, Betsy

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify best practices in the implementation of school-based sexual violence prevention education. Design/methodology/approach: A three-phase plan was implemented to evaluate the Sexual Harassment/Assault Prevention Project (SHAPP) in one state in the USA. First, a structured review of the prevention…

Superfluid-insulator transitions of two-species bosons in an optical lattice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Isacsson, A.; Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120; Cha, M.-C.

2005-11-01

We consider the two-species bosonic Hubbard model with variable interspecies interaction and hopping strength in the grand canonical ensemble with a common chemical potential. We analyze the superfluid-insulator (SI) transition for the relevant parameter regimes and compute the ground state phase diagram in the vicinity of odd filling Mott states. We find that the superfluid-insulator transition occurs with (a) simultaneous onset of superfluidity of both species or (b) coexistence of Mott insulating state of one species and superfluidity of the other or, in the case of unit filling (c) complete depopulation of one species. The superfluid-insulator transition can be firstmore » order in a large region of the phase diagram. We develop a variational mean-field method which takes into account the effect of second order quantum fluctuations on the superfluid-insulator transition and corroborate the mean-field phase diagram using a quantum Monte Carlo study.« less

Dynamics of the quantum phase transition in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model: Excitations and correlations induced by a quench

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gardas, Bartłomiej; Dziarmaga, Jacek; Zurek, Wojciech H.

The ground state of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at unit filling undergoes the Mott-superfluid quantum phase transition. It belongs to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class with an exponential divergence of the correlation length in place of the usual power law. Here, we present numerical simulations of a linear quench both from the Mott insulator to superfluid and back. The results satisfy the scaling hypothesis that follows from the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). In the superfluid-to-Mott quenches there is no significant excitation in the superfluid phase despite its gaplessness. And since all critical superfluid ground states are qualitatively similar, the excitation begins tomore » build up only after crossing the critical point when the ground state begins to change fundamentally. The last process falls into the KZM framework.« less

Dynamics of the quantum phase transition in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model: Excitations and correlations induced by a quench

DOE PAGES

Gardas, Bartłomiej; Dziarmaga, Jacek; Zurek, Wojciech H.

2017-03-24

The ground state of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at unit filling undergoes the Mott-superfluid quantum phase transition. It belongs to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class with an exponential divergence of the correlation length in place of the usual power law. Here, we present numerical simulations of a linear quench both from the Mott insulator to superfluid and back. The results satisfy the scaling hypothesis that follows from the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). In the superfluid-to-Mott quenches there is no significant excitation in the superfluid phase despite its gaplessness. And since all critical superfluid ground states are qualitatively similar, the excitation begins tomore » build up only after crossing the critical point when the ground state begins to change fundamentally. The last process falls into the KZM framework.« less

Promoting state health department evidence-based cancer and chronic disease prevention: a multi-phase dissemination study with a cluster randomized trial component

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Cancer and other chronic diseases reduce quality and length of life and productivity, and represent a significant financial burden to society. Evidence-based public health approaches to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases have been identified in recent decades and have the potential for high impact. Yet, barriers to implement prevention approaches persist as a result of multiple factors including lack of organizational support, limited resources, competing emerging priorities and crises, and limited skill among the public health workforce. The purpose of this study is to learn how best to promote the adoption of evidence based public health practice related to chronic disease prevention. Methods/design This paper describes the methods for a multi-phase dissemination study with a cluster randomized trial component that will evaluate the dissemination of public health knowledge about evidence-based prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. Phase one involves development of measures of practitioner views on and organizational supports for evidence-based public health and data collection using a national online survey involving state health department chronic disease practitioners. In phase two, a cluster randomized trial design will be conducted to test receptivity and usefulness of dissemination strategies directed toward state health department chronic disease practitioners to enhance capacity and organizational support for evidence-based chronic disease prevention. Twelve state health department chronic disease units will be randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control. State health department staff and the university-based study team will jointly identify, refine, and select dissemination strategies within intervention units. Intervention (dissemination) strategies may include multi-day in-person training workshops, electronic information exchange modalities, and remote technical assistance. Evaluation methods include pre-post surveys, structured qualitative phone interviews, and abstraction of state-level chronic disease prevention program plans and progress reports. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01978054. PMID:24330729

Attitudes, Interests, and Perceived Self-Efficacy toward Science of Middle School Minority Female Students: Considerations for Their Low Achievement and Participation in STEM Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dowey, Ana Lucrecia

2013-01-01

The under participation of minority females in STEM fields has been a chronic problem in the United States, mainly when it is analyzed through the lens of their relative representation in the population. The results of the first or quantitative phase, of this two phase sequential, mixed method study, revealed academic achievement or performance in…

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS IN THE MID-ATLANTIC AND SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES (NATIONAL STREAM SURVEY: PHASE 1). VOLUME 2. STREAMS SAMPLED, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, AND COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

EPA Science Inventory

National Stream Survey Phase I (NSS-I) field activities were conducted in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern U.S. in the spring of 1986 by the U.S. EPA as part of the National Surface Water Survey and the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The Survey employed a probab...

Outpatient Mental Health Treatment Utilization and Military Career Impact in the United States Marine Corps.

PubMed

Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan; LaCroix, Jessica M; Koss, Kari; Perera, Kanchana U; Rowan, Anderson; VanSickle, Marcus R; Novak, Laura A; Trieu, Theresa H

2018-04-23

Service members (SM) are at increased risk of psychiatric conditions, including suicide, yet research indicates SMs believe seeking mental health treatment may negatively impact their military careers, despite a paucity of research examining actual career impacts. This study examined the link between seeking outpatient mental health (MH) treatment and military career impacts within the United States Marine Corps. In Phase 1, a retrospective medical record review of outpatient MH treatment-seeking Marines ( N = 38) was conducted. In Phase 2, a sample of outpatient MH treatment-seeking Marines ( N = 40) was matched to a non-treatment-seeking sample of Marines ( N = 138) to compare career-progression. In Phase 1, there were no significant links between demographic, military, and clinical characteristics and referral source or receipt of career-affecting treatment recommendations. In Phase 2, MH treatment-seeking Marines in outpatient settings were more likely than matched controls to be separated from the military (95.0% versus 63.0%, p = 0.002), but no more likely to experience involuntary separation. MH treatment-seeking Marines were more likely to have documented legal action (45.0% versus 23.9%, p = 0.008) and had a shorter time of military service following the index MH encounter than matched controls ( p < 0.001). Clinical, anti-stigma, and suicide prevention policy implications are discussed.

A family of rare earth molybdenum bronzes: Oxides consisting of periodic arrays of interacting magnetic units

DOE PAGES

Schneemeyer, L. F.; Siegrist, T.; Besara, T.; ...

2015-04-06

The family of rare earth molybdenum bronzes, reduced ternary molybdates of composition LnMo 16O 44, was synthesized and a detailed structural study carried out. Bond valence sum (BVS) calculations clearly show that the molybdenum ions in tetrahedral coordination are hexavalent while the electron count in the primitive unit cell is odd. Yet, measurements show that the phases are semiconductors. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of samples containing several different rare earth elements was measured. These measurements verified the presence of a 6.5 K magnetic phase transition not arising from the rare earth constituent, but likely associated with themore » unique isolated ReO 3-type Mo 8O 36 structural subunits in this phase. To better understand the behavior of these materials, electronic structure calculations were performed within density functional theory. Results suggest a magnetic state in which these structural moieties have an internal ferromagnetic arrangement, with small ~1/8 μ B moments on each Mo. We suggest that the Mo 8O 36 units behave like pseudoatoms with spin ½ derived from a single hole distributed over the eight Mo atoms that are strongly hybridized with the O atoms of the subunit. As a result, while the compound is antiferromagnetic, our calculations suggest that a field-stabilized ferromagnetic state, if achievable, will be a narrow band half-metal.« less

WIC's promotion of infant formula in the United States

PubMed Central

Kent, George

2006-01-01

Background The United States' Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) distributes about half the infant formula used in the United States at no cost to the families. This is a matter of concern because it is known that feeding with infant formula results in worse health outcomes for infants than breastfeeding. Discussion The evidence that is available indicates that the WIC program has the effect of promoting the use of infant formula, thus placing infants at higher risk. Moreover, the program violates the widely accepted principles that have been set out in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and in the human right to adequate food. Summary There is no good reason for an agency of government to distribute large quantities of free infant formula. It is recommended that the large-scale distribution of free infant formula by the WIC program should be phased out. PMID:16722534

Phase II driver survey report: Volvo intelligent vehicle initiative field operational test

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-28

The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) established an Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) as a major component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) program. The intent of the IVI is to improve significantly the safety and e...

STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION: A FOCUS ON EPA'S RESEARCH

EPA Science Inventory

In September of 1987 the United States, along with 26 other countries, signed a landmark treaty to limit and subsequently, through revisions, phase out the production of all significant ozone depleting substances. Many researchers suspected that these chemicals, especially chl...

33 CFR 25.801 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of claims against the United States for damage to or loss of property resulting from containment or removal activities during Phase III or IV of the National Contingency Plan, under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. 33 U.S.C. 1321. ...

AN OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF THE ETA - CMAQ AIR QUALITY FORECAST MODEL

EPA Science Inventory

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in partnership with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), are developing an operational, nationwide Air Quality Forecasting (AQF) system. An experimental phase of this program, which couples NOAA's Et...

Control of ammonia and urea emissions from urea manufacturing facilities of Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC), Kuwait.

PubMed

Khan, A R; Al-Awadi, L; Al-Rashidi, M S

2016-06-01

Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC) in Kuwait has mitigated the pollution problem of ammonia and urea dust by replacing the melting and prilling units of finished-product urea prills with an environmentally friendly granulation process. PIC has financed a research project conducted by the Coastal and Air Pollution Program's research staff at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research to assess the impact of pollution control strategies implemented to maintain a healthy productive environment in and around the manufacturing premises. The project was completed in three phases: the first phase included the pollution monitoring of the melting and prilling units in full operation, the second phase covered the complete shutdown period where production was halted completely and granulation units were installed, and the last phase encompassed the current modified status with granulation units in full operation. There was substantial decrease in ammonia emissions, about 72%, and a 52.7% decrease in urea emissions with the present upgrading of old melting and prilling units to a state-of-the-art technology "granulation process" for a final finished product. The other pollutants, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have not shown any significant change, as the present modification has not affected the sources of these pollutants. Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC) in Kuwait has ammonia urea industries, and there were complaints about ammonia and urea dust pollution. PIC has resolved this problem by replacing "melting and prilling unit" of final product urea prills by more environmentally friendly "granulation unit." Environmental Pollution and Climate Program has been assigned the duty of assessing the outcome of this change and how that influenced ammonia and urea dust emissions from the urea manufacturing plant.

ON states as resource units for universal quantum computation with photonic architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabapathy, Krishna Kumar; Weedbrook, Christian

2018-06-01

Universal quantum computation using photonic systems requires gates the Hamiltonians of which are of order greater than quadratic in the quadrature operators. We first review previous proposals to implement such gates, where specific non-Gaussian states are used as resources in conjunction with entangling gates such as the continuous-variable versions of controlled-phase and controlled-not gates. We then propose ON states which are superpositions of the vacuum and the N th Fock state, for use as non-Gaussian resource states. We show that ON states can be used to implement the cubic and higher-order quadrature phase gates to first order in gate strength. There are several advantages to this method such as reduced number of superpositions in the resource state preparation and greater control over the final gate. We also introduce useful figures of merit to characterize gate performance. Utilizing a supply of on-demand resource states one can potentially scale up implementation to greater accuracy, by repeated application of the basic circuit.

Structural Transitions in Elemental Tin at Ultra High Pressures up to 230 GPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gavriliuk, A. G.; Troyan, I. A.; Ivanova, A. G.; Aksenov, S. N.; Starchikov, S. S.; Lyubutin, I. S.; Morgenroth, W.; Glazyrin, K. V.; Mezouar, M.

2017-12-01

The crystal structure of elemental Sn was investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction at ultra high pressures up to ˜230 GPa creating in diamond anvil cells. Above 70 GPa, a pure bcc structure of Sn was observed, which is stable up to 160GPa, until an occurrence of the hcp phase was revealed. At the onset of the bcc- hcp transition at pressure of about 160GPa, the drop of the unit cell volume is about 1%. A mixture of the bcc- hcp states was observed at least up to 230GPa, and it seems that this state could exist even up to higher pressures. The fractions of the bcc and hcp phases were evaluated in the pressure range of the phase coexistence 160-230 GPa. The difference between static and dynamic compression and its effect on the V- P phase diagram of Sn are discussed.

Evidence of Intermediate Hydrogen States in the Formation of a Complex Hydride

DOE PAGES

Sato, Toyoto; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; Daemen, Luke L.; ...

2017-12-26

A complex hydride (LaMg 2NiH 7) composed of La 3+, two Mg 2+, [NiH 4] 4– with a covalently bonded hydrogen, and three H – was formed from an intermetallic LaMg 2Ni via an intermediate phase (LaMg 2NiH 4.6) composed of La, Mg, NiH 2, NiH 3 units, and H atoms at tetrahedral sites. The NiH 2 and NiH 3 units in LaMg 2NiH 4.6 were reported as precursors for [NiH 4] 4– in LaMg 2NiH 7 [Miwa et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 5926–5931]. To further understand the hydrogen states in the precursors (the NiH 2 andmore » NiH 3 units) and H atoms at the tetrahedral sites in the intermediate phase, LaMg 2NiH 4.6, we observed the hydrogen vibrations in LaMg 2NiH 4.6 and LaMg 2NiH 7 by using inelastic neutron scattering. A comparison of the hydrogen vibrations of the NiH 2 and NiH 3 units with that of [NiH 4] 4– shows that the librational modes of the NiH 2 and NiH 3 units were nonexistent; librational modes are characteristic modes for complex anions, such as [NiH 4] 4–. Furthermore, the hydrogen vibrations for the H atoms in the tetrahedral sites showed a narrower wavenumber range than that for H – and a wider range than that for typical interstitial hydrogen. The results indicated the presence of intermediate hydrogen states before the formation of [NiH 4] 4– and H –.« less

Evidence of Intermediate Hydrogen States in the Formation of a Complex Hydride

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sato, Toyoto; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; Daemen, Luke L.

A complex hydride (LaMg 2NiH 7) composed of La 3+, two Mg 2+, [NiH 4] 4– with a covalently bonded hydrogen, and three H – was formed from an intermetallic LaMg 2Ni via an intermediate phase (LaMg 2NiH 4.6) composed of La, Mg, NiH 2, NiH 3 units, and H atoms at tetrahedral sites. The NiH 2 and NiH 3 units in LaMg 2NiH 4.6 were reported as precursors for [NiH 4] 4– in LaMg 2NiH 7 [Miwa et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 5926–5931]. To further understand the hydrogen states in the precursors (the NiH 2 andmore » NiH 3 units) and H atoms at the tetrahedral sites in the intermediate phase, LaMg 2NiH 4.6, we observed the hydrogen vibrations in LaMg 2NiH 4.6 and LaMg 2NiH 7 by using inelastic neutron scattering. A comparison of the hydrogen vibrations of the NiH 2 and NiH 3 units with that of [NiH 4] 4– shows that the librational modes of the NiH 2 and NiH 3 units were nonexistent; librational modes are characteristic modes for complex anions, such as [NiH 4] 4–. Furthermore, the hydrogen vibrations for the H atoms in the tetrahedral sites showed a narrower wavenumber range than that for H – and a wider range than that for typical interstitial hydrogen. The results indicated the presence of intermediate hydrogen states before the formation of [NiH 4] 4– and H –.« less

A multi-disciplinary approach to the removal of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plans in New York State, 2003-2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Philips, Patrick J.; Stinson, Beverley; Zaugg, Steven D.; Furlong, Edward T.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Esposito, Kathleen; Bodniewicz, B.; Pape, R.; Anderson, J.

2005-01-01

The second phase of the study focused on one of the most common wastewater treatment processes operated in the United States, the Activated Sludge process. Using four controlled parallel activated sludge pilots, a more detailed assessment of the impact of Sludge Retention Time (SRT) on the reduction or removal of ECs was performed.

A System for Mailpiece ZIP Code Assignment through Contextual Analysis. Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

Segmentation Address Block Interpretation Automatic Feature Generation Word Recognition Feature Detection Word Verification Optical Character Recognition Directory...in the Phase III effort. 1.1 Motivation The United States Postal Service (USPS) deploys large numbers of optical character recognition (OCR) machines...4):208-218, November 1986. [2] Gronmeyer, L. K., Ruffin, B. W., Lybanon, M. A., Neely, P. L., and Pierce, S. E. An Overview of Optical Character Recognition (OCR

Integrating P3 Data Into P2 Analyses: What is the Added Value

Treesearch

James R. Steinman

2001-01-01

The Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring Programs of the USDA Forest Service are integrating field procedures for measuring their networks of plots throughout the United States. These plots are now referred to as Phase 2 (P2) and Phase 3 (P3) plots, respectively, and 1 out of every 16 P2 plots will also be a P3 plot. Mensurational methods will be...

An Application of Social Network Analysis on Military Strategy, System Networks and the Phases of War

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-26

1977. [29] J. D. Guzman, R. F. Deckro, M. J. Robbins, J. F. Morris and N. A. Ballester, “An Analytical Comparison of Social Network Measures,” IEEE...AN APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS ON MILITARY STRATEGY, SYSTEM NETWORKS AND THE PHASES OF...subject to copyright protection in the United States. AFIT-ENS-MS-15-M-117 AN APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS ON MILITARY STRATEGY

The New Phase of Constitutional Struggle in Venezuela

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-21

3 The New Phase of “Constitutional” Struggle in Venezuela R. Evan Ellis1 The magnitude of the victory by the Venezuelan opposition in the December 6...rapprochement between Cuba and the United States, as a trend away from leftist populism across the region.3 While Venezuela and the region are indeed...and its neighbors. Anatomy of the Coming Crisis The potential for catastrophe in Venezuela within the coming months arises from a potentially

Choice of phase in the CS and IOS approximation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Snider, R.F.

1982-04-01

With the recognition that the angular momentum representations of unit position and momentum directional states must have different but uniquely related phases, the previously presented expression of scattering amplitude in terms of IOS angle dependent phase shifts must be modified. This resolves a major disagreement between IOS and close coupled degeneracy averaged differential cross sections. It is found that the phase factors appearing in the differential cross section have nothing to do with any particular choice of decoupling parameter. As a consequence, the differential cross section is relatively insensitive to the choice of CS decoupling parameter. The phase relations obtainedmore » are also in agreement with those deduced from the Born approximation.« less

United States-Federal Republic of Germany cooperative study of advanced ground vehicle ride quality

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-11-01

In the first phase of this study, the relative comfort : assoiciated with various speed-guideway configurations for a proposed : magnetically levitated vehicle (Figure 1) and for a currently : operating Bundesbahn rail-coach were determined. The ride...

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation – Dallas corridor performance analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report presents the test plan for conducting the Corridor Performance Analysis for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the Dallas U.S. 75 Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration. The ICM ...

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation – San Diego corridor performance analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report presents the test plan for conducting the Corridor Performance Analysis for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the San Diego Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration. The ICM proje...

Smoothness of pavements in Connecticut (phase 2-report) data analyses and trends

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-06-01

The Connecticut Department of Transportation annually collects roughness data for the entire state highway system. The data are obtained via an ARAN system and are provided in the form of IRI units processed through a quarter-car-algorithm. Research ...

SOIL-WASHING TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE

EPA Science Inventory

Soil washing in the United States has been studied and evaluated with increasing thoroughness during the last 15 to 20 years. It is now entering a phase of actual use and acceptance as its applicability and economics become clearer. This paper reviews the principles behind soil...

ELECTROLYTIC REACTOR FOR N REMOVAL FROM EXISTING SEPTIC TANKS - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

RAPID CONCENTRATION OF VIRUSES FROM WATER - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

In the United States, several high profile outbreaks of waterborne illness during the past 15 years have highlighted the need for solutions to drinking water contamination.  Several recent studies suggest that approximately 20 percent of the surface and ground source waters...

SMART GUIDANCE AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) created a Bilateral Working Group in 1990 to gain a better understanding of each country's efforts in developing and demonstrating remedial technologies (Phase...

SMART GUIDANCE AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING (ABSTRACT)

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) created a Bilateral Working Group in 1990 to gain a better understanding of each country's efforts in developing and demonstrating remedial technologies (Phase...

Assessment Report of US-Japan-Europe Collaborative Research on Probe Data International Probe Data Work Group Phase 2.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), the Road Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, and the European Unions European Commission Directorate General for Communications Networks, Conte...

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation, San Diego technical capability analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-11-01

The purpose of this working paper is to present estimates of potential safety benefits resulting from full implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the United States. These estimates were derived by integrating results from a num...

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation - Dallas decision support system analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report presents the test plan for conducting the Decision Support System (DSS) Analysis for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the Dallas U.S. 75 Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration....

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation – Dallas technical capability analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report presents the test plan for conducting the Technical Capability Analysis for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the Dallas U.S. 75 Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration. The ICM ...

SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT APPROACHES AND REDEVELOPMENT TOOLS (SMART) - presentation 04

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) created a Bilateral Working Group in 1990 to gain a better understanding of each country's efforts in developing and demonstrating remedial technologies (Phase...

Structure-electrochemical evolution of a Mn-rich P2 Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 Na-ion battery cathode

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dose, Wesley M.; Sharma, Neeraj; Pramudita, James C.

The structural evolution of electrode materials directly influences the performance of sodium-ion batteries. In this work, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the evolution of the crystal structure of a Mn-rich P2-phase Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 cathode. A single-phase reaction takes place for the majority of the discharge–charge cycle at ~C/10, with only a short, subtle hexagonal P2 to hexagonal P2 two-phase region early in the first charge. Thus, a higher fraction of Mn compared to previous studies is demonstrated to stabilize the P2 structure at high and low potentials, with neither “Z”/OP4 phases in themore » charged state nor significant quantities of the P'2 phase in the discharged state between 1.5 and 4.2 V. Notably, sodium ions inserted during discharge are located on both available crystallographic sites, albeit with a preference for the site sharing edges with the MO 6 octahedral unit. The composition Na ~0.70Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 prompts a reversible single-phase sodium redistribution between the two sites. Sodium ions vacate the site sharing faces (Naf), favoring the site sharing edges (Nae) to give a Nae/Naf site occupation of 4:1 in the discharged state. This site preference could be an intermediate state prior to the formation of the P'2 phase. Furthermore, this work shows how the Mn-rich Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 composition and its sodium-ion distribution can minimize phase transitions during battery function, especially in the discharged state.« less

Structure-electrochemical evolution of a Mn-rich P2 Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 Na-ion battery cathode

DOE PAGES

Dose, Wesley M.; Sharma, Neeraj; Pramudita, James C.; ...

2017-08-04

The structural evolution of electrode materials directly influences the performance of sodium-ion batteries. In this work, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the evolution of the crystal structure of a Mn-rich P2-phase Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 cathode. A single-phase reaction takes place for the majority of the discharge–charge cycle at ~C/10, with only a short, subtle hexagonal P2 to hexagonal P2 two-phase region early in the first charge. Thus, a higher fraction of Mn compared to previous studies is demonstrated to stabilize the P2 structure at high and low potentials, with neither “Z”/OP4 phases in themore » charged state nor significant quantities of the P'2 phase in the discharged state between 1.5 and 4.2 V. Notably, sodium ions inserted during discharge are located on both available crystallographic sites, albeit with a preference for the site sharing edges with the MO 6 octahedral unit. The composition Na ~0.70Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 prompts a reversible single-phase sodium redistribution between the two sites. Sodium ions vacate the site sharing faces (Naf), favoring the site sharing edges (Nae) to give a Nae/Naf site occupation of 4:1 in the discharged state. This site preference could be an intermediate state prior to the formation of the P'2 phase. Furthermore, this work shows how the Mn-rich Na 2/3Fe 0.2Mn 0.8O 2 composition and its sodium-ion distribution can minimize phase transitions during battery function, especially in the discharged state.« less

Chemically and compositionally modified solid solution disordered multiphase nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cells

DOEpatents

Ovshinsky, Stanford R.; Corrigan, Dennis; Venkatesan, Srini; Young, Rosa; Fierro, Christian; Fetcenko, Michael A.

1994-01-01

A high capacity, long cycle life positive electrode for use in an alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising: a solid solution nickel hydroxide material having a multiphase structure that comprises at least one polycrystalline .gamma.-phase including a polycrystalline .gamma.-phase unit cell comprising spacedly disposed plates with at least one chemical modifier incorporated around the plates, the plates having a range of stable intersheet distances corresponding to a 2.sup.+ oxidation state and a 3.5.sup.+, or greater, oxidation state; and at least one compositional modifier incorporated into the solid solution nickel hydroxide material to promote the multiphase structure.

High Speed Solid State Circuit Breaker

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Podlesak, Thomas F.

1993-01-01

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, NJ, has developed and is installing two 3.3 MW high speed solid state circuit breakers at the Army's Pulse Power Center. These circuit breakers will interrupt 4160V three phase power mains in no more than 300 microseconds, two orders of magnitude faster than conventional mechanical contact type circuit breakers. These circuit breakers utilize Gate Turnoff Thyristors (GTO's) and are currently utility type devices using air cooling in an air conditioned enclosure. Future refinements include liquid cooling, either water or two phase organic coolant, and more advanced semiconductors. Each of these refinements promises a more compact, more reliable unit.

"To See With My Own Eyes": Experiences of Family Visits During Phase 1 Recovery.

PubMed

Wendler, M Cecilia; Smith, Katherine; Ellenburg, Wanda; Gill, Rita; Anderson, Lea; Spiegel-Thayer, Kim

2017-02-01

Long separations are a characteristic of the day of surgery, keeping patients and their family members waiting and apart. At a time of high vulnerability, these separations can cause anxiety and worry. The purpose of this study was to identify the outcomes and experiences of patients and family members who engaged in a 5- to 10-minute supervised family visit during phase I postanesthesia recovery. This was a descriptive, single-group, mixed-methods study. Quantitative data, gathered on the day of surgery, was obtained from patients (vital signs, state anxiety scores) and their designated family members (state anxiety scores); satisfaction with the visit was also measured. An optional second, qualitative phase included a semi-structured interview examining the remembered experiences of patients and family members. A statistically significant drop in state anxiety was discovered after the visit, and satisfaction with the visit was exceedingly high. Qualitatively, patients and family members described their overwhelming relief to be able "to see with my own eyes" how well each was doing. This study supports that family visits in the postanesthesia care unit are safe and profoundly important as an independent nursing intervention. Recommendations include implementation of family visits during postanesthesia care unit recovery for all patients and family members who desire them. Copyright © 2016 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Experimental demonstration of polarization encoding quantum key distribution system based on intrinsically stable polarization-modulated units.

PubMed

Wang, Jindong; Qin, Xiaojuan; Jiang, Yinzhu; Wang, Xiaojing; Chen, Liwei; Zhao, Feng; Wei, Zhengjun; Zhang, Zhiming

2016-04-18

A proof-of-principle demonstration of a one-way polarization encoding quantum key distribution (QKD) system is demonstrated. This approach can automatically compensate for birefringence and phase drift. This is achieved by constructing intrinsically stable polarization-modulated units (PMUs) to perform the encoding and decoding, which can be used with four-state protocol, six-state protocol, and the measurement-device-independent (MDI) scheme. A polarization extinction ratio of about 30 dB was maintained for several hours over a 50 km optical fiber without any adjustments to our setup, which evidences its potential for use in practical applications.

Electronic Asymmetry by Compositionally Braking Inversion Symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warusawithana, Maitri

2005-03-01

By stacking molecular layers of 3 different perovskite titanate phases, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 with atomic layer control, we construct nanostructures where global inversion symmetry is broken. With the structures clamped to the substrate, the stacking order gives rise to asymmetric strain fields. The dielectric response show asymmetric field tuning consistent with the symmetry of the stacking order. By analyzing the temperature and frequency dependence of the complex dielectric constant, we show that the response comes from activated switching of dipoles between two asymmetric states separated by an energy barrier. We find the size of average dipole units from the temperature dependence of the linewidth of field tuning curves to be around 10 unit cells in all the different nanostructures we investigate. At low temperatures we observe a deviation from the kinetic response suggesting a further growth in correlations. Pyrocurrent measurements confirm this observation indicating a phase transition to a ferro-like state. We explain the high temperature dipoles as single unit cell cross sectional columns correlated via the strain fields in the stacking direction, with the height somewhat short of the film thickness possibly due to some form of weak disorder.

Crossover from Polaronic to Magnetically Phase-Separated Behavior in La1-xSrxCoO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phelan, D.; El Khatib, S.; Wang, S.; Barker, J.; Zhao, J.; Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.; Leighton, C.

2013-03-01

Dilute hole-doping in La1-xSrxCoO3 leads to the formation of ``spin-state polarons'' where a non-zero spin-state is stabilized on the nearest Co3+ ions surrounding a hole. Here, we discuss the development of electronic/magnetic properties of this system from non-magnetic x=0, through the regime of spin-state polarons, and into the region where longer-range spin correlations and phase separation develop. We present magnetometry, transport, heat capacity, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on single crystals. Magnetometry indicates a crossover with x from Langevin-like behavior (polaronic) to a state with a freezing temperature and finite coercivity. Fascinating correlations with this behavior are seen in transport measurements, the evolution from polaronic to clustered states being accompanied by a crossover from Mott variable range hopping to intercluster hopping. SANS data shows Lorentzian scattering from short-range ferromagnetic clusters first emerging around x = 0.03 with correlation lengths of order two unit cells. We argue that this system provides a unique opportunity to understand in detail the crossover from polaronic to truly phase-separated states.

Evolution of Government and Industrial Partnerships to Open the Space Frontier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Gary L.

2008-01-01

If the logical extension of the current exploration program is to develop self-sustaining settlements on the Moon and Mars over the next few centuries, then there is a path that takes civilization from its current one planet existence to a multi-world future. By considering the far term goal of space settlements as a desired endpoint and using the current state as a starting point, the policy drivers and potential pathways to the goal of sustainable space settlements can be explored. This paper describes a three-phased evolution of government and industrial partnerships from current day relationships to a time when there are sustainable settlements in space. Phase I details the current state government-led exploration while Phase III describes a desired endpoint of self-sufficient settlements in space. Phase II is an important transition phase, which acts as a bridge between now and the future. This paper discusses the critical evolution that must take place in two key areas to ensure a thriving future in space; space transportation and the right to use space property and resources. This paper focuses on the enabling role of government necessary to achieve United States (U.S.) goals for space exploration and open the frontier.

In-Situ Phase Transition Control in the Supercooled State for Robust Active Glass Fiber.

PubMed

Lv, Shichao; Cao, Maoqing; Li, Chaoyu; Li, Jiang; Qiu, Jianrong; Zhou, Shifeng

2017-06-21

The construction of a dopant-activated photonic composite is of great technological importance for various applications, including smart lighting, optical amplification, laser, and optical detection. The bonding arrangement around the introduced dopants largely determines the properties, yet it remains a daunting challenge to manipulate the local state of the matrix (i.e., phase) inside the transparent composite in a controllable manner. Here we demonstrate that the relaxation of the supercooled state enables in-situ phase transition control in glass. Benefiting from the unique local atom arrangement manner, the strategy offers the possibility for simultaneously tuning the chemical environment of the incorporated dopant and engineering the dopant-host interaction. This allows us to effectively activate the dopant with high efficiency (calculated as ∼100%) and profoundly enhance the dopant-host energy-exchange interaction. Our results highlight that the in-situ phase transition control in glass may provide new opportunities for fabrication of unusual photonic materials with intense broadband emission at ∼1100 nm and development of the robust optical detection unit with high compactness and broadband photon-harvesting capability (from X-ray to ultraviolet light).

The contemporary cement cycle of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kapur, A.; Van Oss, H. G.; Keoleian, G.; Kesler, S.E.; Kendall, A.

2009-01-01

A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new cement stock over the period 2000-2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete. Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. ?? 2009 Springer Japan.

AIR QUALITY AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE (PHASE 1)

EPA Science Inventory

Predicted changes in the global climate over the coming decades could alter weather patterns and, thus, impact land use, source emissions, and tropospheric air quality. The United States has a series of standards for criteria air pollutants and other air pollutants in place to s...

39 CFR 267.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF INFORMATION § 267.1 Purpose and scope. This part addresses the protection of information and records in the custody of the Postal Service throughout all phases of information flow and within all organization components, and...

39 CFR 267.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF INFORMATION § 267.1 Purpose and scope. This part addresses the protection of information and records in the custody of the Postal Service throughout all phases of information flow and within all organization components, and...

39 CFR 267.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF INFORMATION § 267.1 Purpose and scope. This part addresses the protection of information and records in the custody of the Postal Service throughout all phases of information flow and within all organization components, and...

39 CFR 267.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF INFORMATION § 267.1 Purpose and scope. This part addresses the protection of information and records in the custody of the Postal Service throughout all phases of information flow and within all organization components, and...

Integrated corridor management initiative : demonstration phase evaluation – San Diego benefit-cost analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report presents the test plan for conducting the Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) for the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) evaluation of the San Diego Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) Initiative Demonstration. The ICM project...

Continuous flight auger pile bridge foundation : Implementation Phase I : Texas Gulf Coast Region : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles better known as Augered, Cast In-Place (ACIP) piles have been widely used in the United States for several decades because of relatively rapid installation and minimum environmental impact during installation with ...

Characteristics and Contributory Causes Related to Large Truck Crashes (Phase I) - Fatal Crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

One-ninth of all traffic fatalities in the United States have involved large trucks in the past five years, although large trucks contributed to only 3% of registered vehicles and 7% of vehicle miles travelled. This contrasting proportion indicates t...

United States-Federal Republic of Germany cooperative study of planned magnetically levitated vehicle ride quality

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-10-01

The major goal of the second phase was to estimate the absolute comfort levels which would be associated with actual travel on highspeed, interurban, fixed-guideway, transportation systems. To accomplish this goal, the study design incorporated many ...

ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUPERFUND APPLICATIONS - TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION

EPA Science Inventory

This report summarizes the results of Phase I of a program to identify and assess international technologies that could be utilized for hazardous waste site remediation within the United States. Data was obtained through a comprehensive literature survey and through telephone con...

We, the Named.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, John Henrik

1989-01-01

The term "African" has gone through several phases of acceptability in the course of United States history. Changes in the applicability of the name reflect developments in African-American consciousness in the context of national and world history. Recognition of African identity is influencing Black definition and direction worldwide.…

Discrete-state phasor neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noest, André J.

1988-08-01

An associative memory network with local variables assuming one of q equidistant positions on the unit circle (q-state phasors) is introduced, and its recall behavior is solved exactly for any q when the interactions are sparse and asymmetric. Such models can describe natural or artifical networks of (neuro-)biological, chemical, or electronic limit-cycle oscillators with q-fold instead of circular symmetry, or similar optical computing devices using a phase-encoded data representation.

Job Skills Education Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

ability to use high technology and the ability to learn new technology as it develops. Soldiers need more than training. They need enough education to...WORK UNIT NUMBERS Florida State Universi ty Center for Educational Technology Tallahassee, FL 32306 2Q263743A794 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND...7 - 7 7 7. * Research Note 85-46 Job Skills Education Program: Phase I Report Robert K. Branson I Florida State University * 01 and Lois Wison

Fast, automatically darkening welding filter offering an improved level of safety.

PubMed

Palmer, S

1996-03-01

A mode of operation is introduced for the standard 90° twisted nematic (TN) liquid-crystal cell when placed together with an interference filter and positioned between crossed polarizers such that a small stimulating voltage of between ±2.0 and ±13.0 V is required in order to attain the light state. Further incrementation of the driving electronics reverts the system back to a darker phase. Such cells offer advantages over those of the standard 90° TN device operating in the normally white mode, in that the unit maintains the fast response time from the light to the dark state associated with the employment of TN cells placed between crossed polarizers. In addition, a low transmittance state is achieved when the unit is in the inactivated phase; this is an effect usually correlated with the normally black mode of operation. These cells are therefore ideal candidates for incorporation into fast, automatically darkening, welding filters that are designed to change rapidly from the light to the dark protective state, while offering an improved level of safety by not holding in a potentially hazardous light state should the controlling electronics malfunction. The requirement for this phenomenon to be observed is that the cell displays a low optical transmittance over the green wavelengths of the visible spectrum when in the inactivated phase and placed between crossed polarizers. The presence of an interference filter that possesses a peak transmittance over the central part of the visible spectrum is also necessary. It is shown that there are only two possible cell types that satisfy this criteria, and the optical properties of such cells are analyzed in some detail.

Multiple scroll wave chimera states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maistrenko, Volodymyr; Sudakov, Oleksandr; Osiv, Oleksiy; Maistrenko, Yuri

2017-06-01

We report the appearance of three-dimensional (3D) multiheaded chimera states that display cascades of self-organized spatiotemporal patterns of coexisting coherence and incoherence. We demonstrate that the number of incoherent chimera domains can grow additively under appropriate variations of the system parameters generating thereby head-adding cascades of the scroll wave chimeras. The phenomenon is derived for the Kuramoto model of N 3 identical phase oscillators placed in the unit 3D cube with periodic boundary conditions, parameters being the coupling radius r and phase lag α. To obtain the multiheaded chimeras, we perform the so-called `cloning procedure' as follows: choose a sample single-headed 3D chimera state, make appropriate scale transformation, and put some number of copies of them into the unit cube. After that, start numerical simulations with slightly perturbed initial conditions and continue them for a sufficiently long time to confirm or reject the state existence and stability. In this way it is found, that multiple scroll wave chimeras including those with incoherent rolls, Hopf links and trefoil knots admit this sort of multiheaded regeneration. On the other hand, multiple 3D chimeras without spiral rotations, like coherent and incoherent balls, tubes, crosses, and layers appear to be unstable and are destroyed rather fast even for arbitrarily small initial perturbations.

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) project. VI - Spacecraft, scientific instruments, and launching rocket. Part 1 - Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keating, Thomas; Ihara, Toshio; Miida, Sumio

1990-01-01

A cooperative United States/Japan study was made for one year from 1987 to 1988 regarding the feasibility of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). As part of this study a phase-A-level design of spacecraft for TRMM was developed by NASA/GSFC, and the result was documented in a feasibility study. The phase-A-level design is developed for the TRMM satellite utilizing a multimission spacecraft.

Outpatient Mental Health Treatment Utilization and Military Career Impact in the United States Marine Corps

PubMed Central

Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan; LaCroix, Jessica M.; Koss, Kari; Perera, Kanchana U.; VanSickle, Marcus R.; Novak, Laura A.

2018-01-01

Service members (SM) are at increased risk of psychiatric conditions, including suicide, yet research indicates SMs believe seeking mental health treatment may negatively impact their military careers, despite a paucity of research examining actual career impacts. This study examined the link between seeking outpatient mental health (MH) treatment and military career impacts within the United States Marine Corps. In Phase 1, a retrospective medical record review of outpatient MH treatment-seeking Marines (N = 38) was conducted. In Phase 2, a sample of outpatient MH treatment-seeking Marines (N = 40) was matched to a non-treatment-seeking sample of Marines (N = 138) to compare career-progression. In Phase 1, there were no significant links between demographic, military, and clinical characteristics and referral source or receipt of career-affecting treatment recommendations. In Phase 2, MH treatment-seeking Marines in outpatient settings were more likely than matched controls to be separated from the military (95.0% versus 63.0%, p = 0.002), but no more likely to experience involuntary separation. MH treatment-seeking Marines were more likely to have documented legal action (45.0% versus 23.9%, p = 0.008) and had a shorter time of military service following the index MH encounter than matched controls (p < 0.001). Clinical, anti-stigma, and suicide prevention policy implications are discussed. PMID:29690594

Analysis of remote synchronization in complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gambuzza, Lucia Valentina; Cardillo, Alessio; Fiasconaro, Alessandro; Fortuna, Luigi; Gómez-Gardeñes, Jesus; Frasca, Mattia

2013-12-01

A novel regime of synchronization, called remote synchronization, where the peripheral nodes form a phase synchronized cluster not including the hub, was recently observed in star motifs [Bergner et al., Phys. Rev. E 85, 026208 (2012)]. We show the existence of a more general dynamical state of remote synchronization in arbitrary networks of coupled oscillators. This state is characterized by the synchronization of pairs of nodes that are not directly connected via a physical link or any sequence of synchronized nodes. This phenomenon is almost negligible in networks of phase oscillators as its underlying mechanism is the modulation of the amplitude of those intermediary nodes between the remotely synchronized units. Our findings thus show the ubiquity and robustness of these states and bridge the gap from their recent observation in simple toy graphs to complex networks.

A Pilot Intervention to Increase Women’s Coping Skills in Family Reintegration after Deployment in Combat Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

Study of Religion. Phase 2-- Quantitative Study --Completed Our hypothesis for this study was that women’s post -deployment individual and family... Post -deployment reintegration experiences • of female soldiers from national guard and reserve units in the United States. Nursing Research , 63, 5...reports and research - based studies appearing after these changes, such as that conducted with 22 Army nurses reintegrating after tours of duty in Iraq and

Quantum teleportation via noisy bipartite and tripartite accelerating quantum states: beyond the single mode approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zounia, M.; Shamirzaie, M.; Ashouri, A.

2017-09-01

In this paper quantum teleportation of an unknown quantum state via noisy maximally bipartite (Bell) and maximally tripartite (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)) entangled states are investigated. We suppose that one of the observers who would receive the sent state accelerates uniformly with respect to the sender. The interactions of the quantum system with its environment during the teleportation process impose noises. These (unital and nonunital) noises are: phase damping, phase flip, amplitude damping and bit flip. In expressing the modes of the Dirac field used as qubits, in the accelerating frame, the so-called single mode approximation is not imposed. We calculate the fidelities of teleportation, and discuss their behaviors using suitable plots. The effects of noise, acceleration and going beyond the single mode approximation are discussed. Although the Bell states bring higher fidelities than GHZ states, the global behaviors of the two quantum systems with respect to some noise types, and therefore their fidelities, are different.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM ANAEROBIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS (MFCS) - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Municipal wastewater treatment plants represent a huge energy ‘sink’ in the United States. Estimates are that these plants consume up to 3 percent of the total amount of power consumed annually. Ironically, the wastewater is concentrated with materials (carbohydrates) which ...

Leveling the Playing Field: Graphical Aids on Mathematics Tests

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiménez, Albert M.; Nixon, Casey B.; Zepeda, Sally J.

2017-01-01

This research suggests that structural accommodation can be implemented during the construction phase of standardized mathematics examinations. Data from a racially diverse district in the United States are used to compare student performance on questions with and without graphical aids. Findings suggest that mathematics questions possessing…

77 FR 34997 - Xanthan Gum From Austria and China; Institution of Antidumping Duty Investigations and Scheduling...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1202-1203 (Preliminary)] Xanthan Gum... Phase Investigations AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The... Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436. Hearing-impaired...

ERCMExpress. Volume 2, Issue 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2006

2006-01-01

This issue of ERCMExpress presents "The National Incident Management System" (NIMS) is the United States' uniform system for managing domestic incidents and is suitable for schools to implement in the four phases of their crisis planning: (1) prevention-mitigation; (2) preparedness; (4) recovery. The NIMS is a comprehensive approach to…

Co-simulation of heavy truck tire dynamics and electronic stability control systems (phase B).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-07-01

In the past decade, electronic stability controls (ESC) have become increasingly common on vehicles operating in the United States. The acceptance of this technology has progressed to the point where all new passenger vehicles sold in the US are requ...

THE DNAPL REMEDIATION CHALLENGE: IS THERE A CASE FOR SOURCE DEPLETION?

EPA Science Inventory

Releases of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) at a large number of public and private sector sites in the United States pose significant challenges in site remediation and long-term site management. Extensive contamination of groundwater occurs as a result of significant ...

The U.S.-German Bilateral Working Group (BGW): Collaborative Research For A Sustainable Future

EPA Science Inventory

Since 1990, the United States and Germany have worked bilaterally to identify, understand, and apply innovative technologies and policies for remediation and sustainable revitalization of contaminated sites in each country. Over a period of 15 years (= three Phases) remarkable b...

75 FR 61175 - Polyvinyl Alcohol From Taiwan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-04

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1088 (Final)] Polyvinyl Alcohol From Taiwan AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Scheduling of the final phase of an... antidumping investigation No. 731-TA-1088 (Final) under section 735(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C...

39 CFR 267.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose and scope. 267.1 Section 267.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF INFORMATION § 267.1... Postal Service throughout all phases of information flow and within all organization components, and...

Children of Immigration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M.; Suárez-Orozco, Carola

2016-01-01

With some 460 languages spoken across the land, the United States has a deep reservoir of linguistic diversity. But our nation's inconsistent language-learning policies and practices present a variety of obstacles for learning English. Understanding and then addressing student needs during the critical transition phase for newcomer students is an…

DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME FLARE COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY MONITOR - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

There are approximately 7,000 flares in operation at industrial facilities across the United States. Flares are one of the largest Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and air toxics emissions sources. Based on a special emission inventory required by the Texas Commission on E...

On the implications of aerosol liquid water and phase separation for organic aerosol mass

EPA Science Inventory

Organic compounds and liquid water are major aerosol constituents in the southeast United States (SE US). Water associated with inorganic constituents (inorganic water) can contribute to the partitioning medium for organic aerosol when relative humidities or organic matter to org...

WATER SECURITY MONITORING USING SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY - PHASE II

EPA Science Inventory

Clean drinking water is a critical component of the United States infrastructure and is therefore a potential target for terrorists. In addition to physical attacks to the water network, like dams, pumping stations and pipelines, there must be vigilance to prevent the water i...

WATER SECURITY MONITORING USING SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Clean drinking water is a critical component of the United States infrastructure and is therefore a potential target for terrorists. In addition to physical attacks to the water network including dams, pumping stations and pipelines, there must be vigilance to prevent the wate...

SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT APPROACHES AND REDEVELOPMENT TOOLS (SMART) FOR A PRESENTATION ON OCTOBER 2003.

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) created a Bilateral Working Group in 1990 to gain a better understanding of each country's efforts in developing and demonstrating remedial technologies (Phase...

RF-subcarrier-assisted four-state continuous-variable QKD based on coherent detection.

PubMed

Qu, Zhen; Djordjevic, Ivan B; Neifeld, Mark A

2016-12-01

We theoretically investigate and experimentally demonstrate a RF-assisted four-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. Classical coherent detection is implemented with a simple digital phase noise cancelation scheme. In the proposed system, there is no need for frequency and phase locking between the quantum signals and the local oscillator laser. Moreover, in principle, there is no residual phase noise, and a mean excess noise of 0.0115 (in shot-noise units) can be acquired experimentally. In addition, the minimum transmittance of 0.45 is reached experimentally for secure transmission with commercial photodetectors, and the maximum secret key rate (SKR) of >12  Mbit/s can be obtained. The proposed RF-assisted CV-QKD system opens the door of incorporating microwave photonics into a CV-QKD system and improving the SKR significantly.

Insulating and metallic spin glass in Ni-doped K x Fe 2 - y Se 2 single crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ryu, Hyejin; Abeykoon, Milinda; Wang, Kefeng

2015-05-01

Here in this paper, we report electron doping effects by Ni in K xFe 2- δ-y Ni ySe 2 (0.06 ≤ y ≤ 1.44) single-crystal alloys. A rich ground-state phase diagram is observed. A small amount of Ni (~4 %) suppressed superconductivity below 1.8 K, inducing insulating spin-glass magnetic ground state for higher Ni content. With further Ni substitution, metallic resistivity is restored. For high Ni concentration in the lattice the unit cell symmetry is high symmetry I4/mmm with no phase separation whereas both I4 / m + I4/mmm space groups were detected in the phase separated crystals when concentrationmore » of Ni< Fe. The absence of superconductivity coincides with the absence of crystalline Fe vacancy order.« less

Secondary cell with orthorhombic alkali metal/manganese oxide phase active cathode material

DOEpatents

Doeff, Marca M.; Peng, Marcus Y.; Ma, Yanping; Visco, Steven J.; DeJonghe, Lutgard C.

1996-01-01

An alkali metal manganese oxide secondary cell is disclosed which can provide a high rate of discharge, good cycling capabilities, good stability of the cathode material, high specific energy (energy per unit of weight) and high energy density (energy per unit volume). The active material in the anode is an alkali metal and the active material in the cathode comprises an orthorhombic alkali metal manganese oxide which undergoes intercalation and deintercalation without a change in phase, resulting in a substantially linear change in voltage with change in the state of charge of the cell. The active material in the cathode is an orthorhombic structure having the formula M.sub.x Z.sub.y Mn.sub.(1-y) O.sub.2, where M is an alkali metal; Z is a metal capable of substituting for manganese in the orthorhombic structure such as iron, cobalt or titanium; x ranges from about 0.2 in the fully charged state to about 0.75 in the fully discharged state, and y ranges from 0 to 60 atomic %. Preferably, the cell is constructed with a solid electrolyte, but a liquid or gelatinous electrolyte may also be used in the cell.

Secondary cell with orthorhombic alkali metal/manganese oxide phase active cathode material

DOEpatents

Doeff, M.M.; Peng, M.Y.; Ma, Y.; Visco, S.J.; DeJonghe, L.C.

1996-09-24

An alkali metal manganese oxide secondary cell is disclosed which can provide a high rate of discharge, good cycling capabilities, good stability of the cathode material, high specific energy (energy per unit of weight) and high energy density (energy per unit volume). The active material in the anode is an alkali metal and the active material in the cathode comprises an orthorhombic alkali metal manganese oxide which undergoes intercalation and deintercalation without a change in phase, resulting in a substantially linear change in voltage with change in the state of charge of the cell. The active material in the cathode is an orthorhombic structure having the formula M{sub x}Z{sub y}Mn{sub (1{minus}y)}O{sub 2}, where M is an alkali metal; Z is a metal capable of substituting for manganese in the orthorhombic structure such as iron, cobalt or titanium; x ranges from about 0.2 in the fully charged state to about 0.75 in the fully discharged state, and y ranges from 0 to 60 atomic %. Preferably, the cell is constructed with a solid electrolyte, but a liquid or gelatinous electrolyte may also be used in the cell. 11 figs.

Density Functional Calculations for the Neutron Star Matter at Subnormal Density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kashiwaba, Yu; Nakatsukasa, Takashi

The pasta phases of nuclear matter, whose existence is suggested at low density, may influence observable properties of neutron stars. In order to investigate properties of the neutron star matter, we calculate self-consistent solutions for the ground states of slab-like phase using the microscopic density functional theory with Bloch wave functions. The calculations are performed at each point of fixed average density and proton fraction (\\bar{ρ },Yp), varying the lattice constant of the unit cell. For small Yp values, the dripped neutrons emerge in the ground state, while the protons constitute the slab (crystallized) structure. The shell effect of protons affects the thickness of the slab nuclei.

Shuttle - Mir Program Insignia

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-20

The rising sun signifies the dawn of a new era of human Spaceflight, the first phase of the United States/Russian space partnership, Shuttle-Mir. Mir is shown in its proposed final on orbit configuration. The Shuttle is shown in a generic tunnel/Spacehab configuration. The Shuttle/Mir combination, docked to acknowledge the union of the two space programs, orbits over an Earth devoid of any definable features or political borders to emphasize Earth as the home planet for all humanity. The individual stars near the Space Shuttle and the Russian Mir Space Station represent the previous individual accomplishments of Russia's space program and that of the United States. The binary star is a tribute to the previous United States-Russian joint human Spaceflight program, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The flags of the two nations are symbolized by flowing ribbons of the national colors interwoven in space to represent the two nations joint exploration of space. NASA SHUTTLE and PKA MNP are shown in the stylized logo fonts of the two agencies that are conducting this program.

An artificial neural network model for periodic trajectory generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shankar, S.; Gander, R. E.; Wood, H. C.

A neural network model based on biological systems was developed for potential robotic application. The model consists of three interconnected layers of artificial neurons or units: an input layer subdivided into state and plan units, an output layer, and a hidden layer between the two outer layers which serves to implement nonlinear mappings between the input and output activation vectors. Weighted connections are created between the three layers, and learning is effected by modifying these weights. Feedback connections between the output and the input state serve to make the network operate as a finite state machine. The activation vector of the plan units of the input layer emulates the supraspinal commands in biological central pattern generators in that different plan activation vectors correspond to different sequences or trajectories being recalled, even with different frequencies. Three trajectories were chosen for implementation, and learning was accomplished in 10,000 trials. The fault tolerant behavior, adaptiveness, and phase maintenance of the implemented network are discussed.

Development of a Low Cost 10kW Tubular SOFC Power System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bessette, Norman; Litka, Anthony; Rawson, Jolyon

The DOE program funded from 2003 through early 2013 has brought the Acumentrics SOFC program from an early stage R&D program to an entry level commercial product offering. The development work started as one of the main core teams under the DOE Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program administered by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the DOE. During the first phase of the program, lasting approximately 3-4 years, a 5kW machine was designed, manufactured and tested against the specification developed by NETL. This unit was also shipped to NETL for independent verification testing which validated all ofmore » the results achieved while in the laboratory at Acumentrics. The Acumentrics unit passed all criteria established from operational stability, efficiency, and cost projections. Passing of the SECA Phase I test allowed the program to move into Phase II of the program. During this phase, the overall objective was to further refine the unit meeting a higher level of performance stability as well as further cost reductions. During the first year of this new phase, the NETL SECA program was refocused towards larger size units and operation on coal gasification due to the severe rise in natural gas prices and refocus on the US supply of indigenous coal. At this point, the program was shifted to the U.S. DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) division located in Golden, Colorado. With this shift, the focus remained on smaller power units operational on gaseous fuels for a variety of applications including micro combined heat and power (mCHP). To achieve this goal, further enhancements in power, life expectancy and reductions in cost were necessary. The past 5 years have achieved these goals with machines that can now achieve over 40% electrical efficiency and field units that have now operated for close to a year and a half with minimal maintenance. The following report details not only the first phase while under the SECA program and the key achievements but also the results while under EERE’s leadership and the transition to an early commercial product offering.« less

Earning a driver's license.

PubMed Central

Williams, A F

1997-01-01

Teenage drivers in the United States have greatly elevated crash rates, primarily a result of qualities associated with immaturity and lack of driving experience. State licensing systems vary substantially, but most have allowed quick and easy access to driving with full privileges at a young age, contributing to the crash problem. Formal driver education has not been an effective crash prevention measure. Following the introduction of graduated licensing in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, this system has been considered in many states and has been implemented in some. Graduated systems phase in full privilege driving, requiring initial experience to be gained under conditions of lower risk. The author describes the first five multistage graduated systems enacted in the United States in 1996 and 1997. Factors that will influence the acceptability and effectiveness of these new licensing systems are discussed. Images p[452]-a p454-a p456-a p457-a p460-a PMID:10822470

Expanding Access

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roach, Ronald

2007-01-01

There is no question that the United States lags behind most industrialized nations in consumer access to broadband Internet service. For many policy makers and activists, this shortfall marks the latest phase in the struggle to overcome the digital divide. To remedy this lack of broadband affordability and availability, one start-up firm--with…

The More We Change....

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sewall, Angela M.; Witcher, Ann E.

This report provides an overview of the struggle to desegregate schools in the United States. It describes the two phases of desegregation, focusing on court decisions that influenced desegregation and how these decisions changed the composition of the schools. It opens with the 1849 decision that asserted that desegregation was for the good of…

SOY-CAPPED POLYCARBONATE DENDRIMERS FOR TOUGH, SUSTAINABLE WATER BASED WOOD COATINGS - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

The environmental impact of wood coatings has become a pressing issue as the manufacturing of wooden products, such as flooring, cabinetry, furniture and doors, is moving back to the United States...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 76 - Phase I Affected Coal-Fired Utility Units With Group 1 or Cell Burner Boilers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MONTROSE 2 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. MISSOURI MONTROSE 3 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 3 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 4 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK GREENIDGE 6 NY STATE ELEC & GAS. NEW YORK...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 76 - Phase I Affected Coal-Fired Utility Units With Group 1 or Cell Burner Boilers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MONTROSE 2 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. MISSOURI MONTROSE 3 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 3 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 4 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK GREENIDGE 6 NY STATE ELEC & GAS. NEW YORK...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 76 - Phase I Affected Coal-Fired Utility Units With Group 1 or Cell Burner Boilers

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MONTROSE 2 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. MISSOURI MONTROSE 3 KANSAS CITY PWR & LT. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 3 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK DUNKIRK 4 NIAGARA MOHAWK PWR. NEW YORK GREENIDGE 6 NY STATE ELEC & GAS. NEW YORK...

Phase III (final) evaluation report : national evaluation of the FY01 earmark, area transportation authority of North Central Pennsylvania--regional GIS/ITS initiative.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-31

This report presents the results of the United States Department of Transportation evaluation of a federally funded earmark project implemented by the Area Transportation Authority of North Central Pennsylvania (ATA). The project implemented a suite ...

Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter: Revision of Federal Implementation Plan Requirements for Texas (81 FR 78954)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA proposes withdrawing the federal implementation plan provisions that require affected electricity generating units (EGUs) in Texas to participate in Phase 2 of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule trading programs for annual emissions of SO2 and NOx.

Phase I of roadmap towards incorporating intelligent structure technology for refining bridge inspection in Mississippi.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-25

"Bridge scour refers to the removal of sediments from the bridge foundation by flood. It is the most detrimental cause for the majority of : bridge failures in the United States. In the National Bridge Registry, there are 484,546 highway bridges over...

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 7 : truck costs and truck size and weight regulations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-07-01

This report presents the Cost Benefit Analysis Test Plan for the national evaluation of the Los Angeles County Congestion Reduction Demonstration (LAC CRD) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Congestion Reduction Demonstra...

78 FR 41421 - Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods From India, Korea, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-499-500 and 731-TA-1215-1223... Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION...-205-3169), Office of Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington...

78 FR 64243 - 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane From China; Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-509 and 731-TA-1244 (Preliminary)] 1,1,1... and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations AGENCY: United States International Trade... CONTACT: Chris Cassise (202-708-5408), Office of Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500...

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 6 : traffic operations and truck size and weight regulations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report presents the Exogenous Factors Test Plan for the national evaluation of the Los Angeles County Congestion Reduction Demonstration (LAC CRD) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Congestion Reduction Demonstration...

SENSITIVITY OF THE CMAQ MERCURY MODEL TO GAS-PHASE OXIDATION CHEMISTRY

EPA Science Inventory

Simulations of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for mercury have shown the vast majority of the mercury deposited in the United States to be in the form of oxidized mercury. However, most of this simulated oxidized mercury was the result of atmospheric oxidatio...

A Pattern in the Sky

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurson, Rebecca

2014-01-01

This article describes an integrated unit designed to teach second graders about the phases of the Moon. The science department at the author's school had been reshaping their curriculum to match their state standards as well as the "Next Generation Science Standards" ("NGSS"). Their primary goal was for students to be…

CONCENTRATIONS OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE U.S. SIMULATED BY AN AIR QUALITY MODEL

EPA Science Inventory

As part of the US National Air Toxics Assessment, we have applied the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model, CMAQ, to study the concentrations of twenty gas-phase, toxic, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the atmosphere over the continental United States. We modified the Carbo...

78 FR 23194 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Commercial and Government Entity Code

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... Award Management Name Change, Phase 1 Implementation) which will make a global update to all of the... outside the United States; and Support supply chain traceability and integrity efforts. II. Discussion and.... For Contractors registered in the System for Award Management (SAM), the DLA Logistics Information...

Zika Phase 1 Clinical Trial Material—From Research to Release in 90 Days | FNLCR Staging

Cancer.gov

Over the past 12 months, we’ve grown accustomed to seeing Zika in the news. The virus has been linked to thousands of cases of microcephaly in Brazilian babies. Numerous countries, including the United States, have reported Zika-related deaths. And

Advanced Hybrid Cooling Loop Technology for High Performance Thermal Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

and Chung, 2003; Estes and Mudawar , 1995]. Because of the pumping pressure and flow rate requirements, such pumped systems require large pumping and...United States, April 24-25, 2003. 8. Estes, K. and Mudawar , I., “Comparison of Two-Phase Electronic Cooling Using Free Jets and Sprays”, Journal of

Advanced Hybrid Cooling Loop Technology for High Performance Thermal Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

aforementioned problem of the passive devices [Kawaji and Chung, 2003; Estes and Mudawar , 1995]. Because of the pumping pressure and flow rate requirements...Microchannels and Minichannels, Rochester, NY, United States, April 24-25, 2003. 8. Estes, K. and Mudawar , I., “Comparison of Two-Phase Electronic

ISS Phase One Activities and Manufacturing in Russia, France and Italy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-07

S96-17447 (October 1996) --- Astronaut William M. Shepherd, Expedition One commander, works out in a gymnasium at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. The crew has been in training for the mission since late 1996 with training segments held in both the United States and Russia.

ISS Phase One Activities and Manufacturing in Russia, France and Italy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-07

S96-17384 (October 1996) --- Astronaut William M. Shepherd, Expedition One commander, works out in a gymnasium at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. The crew has been in training for the mission since late 1996 with training segments held in both the United States and Russia.

REDUCING DIESEL NOX AND SOOT EMISSIONS VIA PARTICLE-FREE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Diesel engines play an important role in the United States economy for power generation and transportation. However, NOx and soot emissions from both stationary and mobile diesel engines are a major contributor to air pollution. Many engine modifications and exhaust-after-t...

Student Recruitment-University Relations: A Unique Organizational Paradigm.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biundo, James V.; Crites, M. Juan

This paper examines the organizational development and process phases of establishing a student recruitment system at Southeast Missouri State University which began when the student recruitment unit of the school was transferred to the Office of University Relations. The various components of Southeast's efforts in influencing a student's choice…

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 8 : logistics and truck size and weight regulations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report presents the Safety Data Test Plan for the national evaluation of the Los Angeles County Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) Program. T...

Some Models for Interpreting the History of Compulsory Schooling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyack, David B.

Five models are postulated for interpreting the three historical stages in the development of compulsory schooling in the United States. These three stages include (1) a symbolic stage where compulsory public school education began to gain strength but lacked enforcement procedures, (2) a bureaucratic phase beginning around 1900 where new…

SEDIMENT TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION (TIE)PHASE I,II,III GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Sediment contamination in the United States has been amply documented and, in order to comply with the 1972 Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency must address the issue of toxic sediments. Contaminated sediments from a number of freshwater and marine sites hav...

Multi-Model Comparison of Lateral Boundary Contributions to Surface Ozone Over the United States

EPA Science Inventory

As the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone become more stringent, there has been growing attention on characterizing the contributions and the uncertainties in ozone from outside the US to the ozone concentrations within the US. The third phase of the Air Qua...

Multi-model Comparison of Lateral Boundary Contributions to Ozone Concentrations over the United States

EPA Science Inventory

As the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone become more stringent, there has been growing attention on characterizing the contributions and the uncertainties in ozone from outside the US to the ozone concentrations within the US. The third phase of the Air Qua...

AUTO PARTS MAN, WORKBOOK.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DOVER, BUEL H.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS STUDY GUIDE WAS DEVELOPED FOR USE IN THE RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE AUTO PARTS MAN APPRENTICE TRAINING PROGRAM. THE MATERIAL WAS PLANNED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE STATE EDUCATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE TRADE. THE UNITS ARE (1) SCOPE AND OPPORTUNITY, (2) AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY,…

40 CFR 72.30 - Requirement to apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications § 72.30 Requirement to apply. (a) Duty to apply. The designated representative of any source with an affected unit shall submit a complete Acid Rain permit... permit that states its Acid Rain program requirements. (b) Deadlines—(1) Phase 1. (i) The designated...

40 CFR 72.30 - Requirement to apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications § 72.30 Requirement to apply. (a) Duty to apply. The designated representative of any source with an affected unit shall submit a complete Acid Rain permit... permit that states its Acid Rain program requirements. (b) Deadlines—(1) Phase 1. (i) The designated...

40 CFR 72.30 - Requirement to apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications § 72.30 Requirement to apply. (a) Duty to apply. The designated representative of any source with an affected unit shall submit a complete Acid Rain permit... permit that states its Acid Rain program requirements. (b) Deadlines—(1) Phase 1. (i) The designated...

40 CFR 72.30 - Requirement to apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications § 72.30 Requirement to apply. (a) Duty to apply. The designated representative of any source with an affected unit shall submit a complete Acid Rain permit... permit that states its Acid Rain program requirements. (b) Deadlines—(1) Phase 1. (i) The designated...

40 CFR 72.30 - Requirement to apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications § 72.30 Requirement to apply. (a) Duty to apply. The designated representative of any source with an affected unit shall submit a complete Acid Rain permit... permit that states its Acid Rain program requirements. (b) Deadlines—(1) Phase 1. (i) The designated...

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 11 : environment and truck size and weight regulations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

The United States (US) Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the Road Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan have a long history of sharing information on ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) activit...

Source Apportionment of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of Molecular Markers

EPA Science Inventory

Monthly average ambient concentrations of more than eighty particle-phase organic compounds, as well as total organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), were measured from March 2004 through February 2005 in five cities in the Midwestern United States. A multi-variant source...

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 10 : enforcement and truck size and weight regulations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report presents the Content Analysis Test Plan for the national evaluation of the Los Angeles County Congestion Reduction Demonstration (CRD) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) Progr...

Woodland successional phase effects vegetation recovery after prescribed fire

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Piñon-juniper (Pinus-Juniperus L.) woodlands have expanded into big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Beetle) steppe of the western United States primarily as a result of reduced fire disturbances. Prescribed fire in post-settlement piñon-juniper woodlands has been increasingly employed to restore big...

Sagebrush steppe recovery after fire varies by development phase of Juniperus occidentalis woodland

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Pinus-Juniperus L. (Piñon- juniper) woodlands have expanded into Artemisia tridentata Beetle (big sagebrush) steppe of the western United States primarily as a result of reduced fire disturbances. Woodland control measures, including prescribed fire, have been increasingly employed to restore sagebr...

Ten-Year Climatology of Summertime Diurnal Rainfall Rate Over the Conterminous U.S.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matsui, Toshihisa; Mocko, David; Lee, Myong-In; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Suarez, Max J.; Pielke, Roger A., Sr.

2010-01-01

Diurnal cycles of summertime rainfall rates are examined over the conterminous United States, using radar-gauge assimilated hourly rainfall data. As in earlier studies, rainfall diurnal composites show a well-defined region of rainfall propagation over the Great Plains and an afternoon maximum area over the south and eastern portion of the United States. Zonal phase speeds of rainfall in three different small domains are estimated, and rainfall propagation speeds are compared with background zonal wind speeds. Unique rainfall propagation speeds in three different regions can be explained by the evolution of latent-heat theory linked to the convective available potential energy, than by gust-front induced or gravity wave propagation mechanisms.

International Space Station United States Laboratory Module Water Recovery Management Subsystem Verification from Flight 5A to Stage ULF2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Labuda, Laura

2009-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system comprises of seven subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Supply (ACS), Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), Vacuum System (VS), Water Recovery and Management (WRM), and Waste Management (WM). This paper provides a summary of the nominal operation of the United States (U.S.) Laboratory Module WRM design and detailed element methodologies utilized during the Qualification phase of the U.S. Laboratory Module prior to launch and the Qualification of all of the modification kits added to it from Flight 5A up and including Stage ULF2.

A Phase-1 Clinical Trial of a DNA Vaccine for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Delivered by Intramuscular or Intradermal Electroporation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-25

A Phase 1 clinical trial of a DNA vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis delivered by intramuscular or intradermal electroporation Drew... vaccines against VEEV available in the United States. We developed a candidate DNA vaccine expressing the E3-E2-6K-E1 genes of VEEV (pWRG/VEEV) and...groups and were vaccinated with high and low doses of pWRG/VEE or a saline placebo by intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) electroporation (EP

First-in-human Phase 1 CRISPR Gene Editing Cancer Trials: Are We Ready?

PubMed

Baylis, Francoise; McLeod, Marcus

2017-01-01

A prospective first-in-human Phase 1 CRISPR gene editing trial in the United States for patients with melanoma, synovial sarcoma, and multiple myeloma offers hope that gene editing tools may usefully treat human disease. An overarching ethical challenge with first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trials, however, is knowing when it is ethically acceptable to initiate such trials on the basis of safety and efficacy data obtained from pre-clinical studies. If the pre-clinical studies that inform trial design are themselves poorly designed - as a result of which the quality of pre-clinical evidence is deficient - then the ethical requirement of scientific validity for clinical research may not be satisfied. In turn, this could mean that the Phase 1 clinical trial will be unsafe and that trial participants will be exposed to risk for no potential benefit. To assist sponsors, researchers, clinical investigators and reviewers in deciding when it is ethically acceptable to initiate first-in-human Phase 1 CRISPR gene editing clinical trials, structured processes have been developed to assess and minimize translational distance between pre-clinical and clinical research. These processes draw attention to various features of internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. As well, the credibility of supporting evidence is to be critically assessed with particular attention to optimism bias, financial conflicts of interest and publication bias. We critically examine the pre-clinical evidence used to justify the first-inhuman Phase 1 CRISPR gene editing cancer trial in the United States using these tools. We conclude that the proposed trial cannot satisfy the ethical requirement of scientific validity because the supporting pre-clinical evidence used to inform trial design is deficient. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Sustainability of protocolized handover of pediatric cardiac surgery patients to the intensive care unit.

PubMed

Chenault, Kristin; Moga, Michael-Alice; Shin, Minah; Petersen, Emily; Backer, Carl; De Oliveira, Gildasio S; Suresh, Santhanam

2016-05-01

Transfer of patient care among clinicians (handovers) is a common source of medical errors. While the immediate efficacy of these initiatives is well documented, sustainability of practice changes that results in better processes of care is largely understudied. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the sustainability of a protocolized handover process in pediatric patients from the operating room after cardiac surgery to the intensive care unit. This was a prospective study with direct observation assessment of handover performance conducted in the cardiac ICU (CICU) of a free-standing, tertiary care children's hospital in the United States. Patient transitions from the operating room to the CICU, including the verbal handoff, were directly observed by a single independent observer in all phases of the study. A checklist of key elements identified errors classified as: (1) technical, (2) information omissions, and (3) realized errors. Total number of errors was compared across the different times of the study (preintervention, postintervention, and the current sustainability phase). A total of 119 handovers were studied: 41 preintervention, 38 postintervention, and 40 in the current sustainability phase. The median [Interquartile range (IQR)] number of technical errors was significantly reduced in the sustainability phase compared to the preintervention and postintervention phase, 2 (1-3), 6 (5-7), and 2.5 (2-4), respectively P = 0.0001. Similarly, the median (IQR) number of verbal information omissions was also significantly reduced in the sustainability phase compared to the preintervention and postintervention phases, 1 (1-1), 4 (3-5) and 2 (1-3), respectively. We demonstrate sustainability of an improved handover process using a checklist in children being transferred to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Standardized handover processes can be a sustainable strategy to improve patient safety after pediatric cardiac surgery. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The impact of occupational health and safety regulations on prevention through design in construction projects: Perspectives from Spain and the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Martínez-Aires, María Dolores; Rubio Gámez, María Carmen; Gibb, Alistair

2015-01-01

Since the mid-1990 s, Prevention through Design (PtD) has become increasingly prevalent in the built environment. The acceptance of PtD has largely been due to the removal or reduction of risks during the execution phase of construction projects. European States have had the added impetus of national legislation. This paper analyzes the influence of European Union Directive 92/57/EEC on occupational safety and health injury prevention in the project design phase. Qualitative methods comprised individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a panel of experts. Sixty individuals from construction and related professions (architects, engineers, constructors, developers, and other construction experts) answered 17 key questions to establish national perceptions of the effectiveness of Directive 92/57/EEC in Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). The implementation of PtD in the project design phase in the UK is clearer since the regulations explicitly state the obligations of project designers as well as those of the coordinator. Interviews with Spanish experts show that, in Spain, the prevention culture is less frequently realized. The most significant differences between the European Directive and national regulations which influence PtD are linked to the Health and Safety Coordinator, and Health and Safety documents.

PGDP Trichloroethene Biodegradation Investigation Summary Report: Regional Gravel Aquifer & Northwest Plume

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hampson, Steve

The evaluation of biological degradation processes addressed by this report are part of a broad trichloroethene (TCE) Fate and Transport Investigation that includes four (4) topics of phased investigation (Table ES1) relative to degradation and/or attenuation of TCE in the Regional Gravel Aquifer (RGA) underlying the United States Department of Energy Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP). In order of implementation the project phases are: (1) derivation of a TCE first-order rate constant by normalization of TCE values against technetium-99 ( 99Tc) and chloride. 2) identification of the presence of microbes capable of aerobic co-metabolic TCE biodegradation using enzyme activity probesmore » (this report); 3) Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) to support prevalence of biotic and/or abiotic degradation processes; and 4) evaluation of potential abiotic RGA-TCE attenuation mechanisms including sorption. This report summarizes the Phase II activities related to the identification and evaluation of biological degradation processes that may be actively influencing TCE fate and transport in the RGA contaminant plumes at the United States Department of Energy (DOE) PGDP and its environs (Figure ES1). The goals of these activities were to identify active biological degradation mechanisms in the RGA through multiple lines of evidence and to provide DOE with recommendations for future TCE biological degradation investigations.« less

ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cayan, D.R.; Redmond, K.T.; Riddle, L.G.

1999-01-01

Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) dealy the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12 month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) delay the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12-month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.

Key cost drivers of pharmaceutical clinical trials in the United States.

PubMed

Sertkaya, Aylin; Wong, Hui-Hsing; Jessup, Amber; Beleche, Trinidad

2016-04-01

The increasing cost of clinical research has significant implications for public health, as it affects drug companies' willingness to undertake clinical trials, which in turn limits patient access to novel treatments. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the key cost drivers of clinical research in the United States is important. The study which is based on a report prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc., for the US Department of Health and Human Services, examined different factors, such as therapeutic area, patient recruitment, administrative staff, and clinical procedure expenditures, and their contribution to pharmaceutical clinical trial costs in the United States by clinical trial phase. The study used aggregate data from three proprietary databases on clinical trial costs provided by Medidata Solutions. We evaluated per-study costs across therapeutic areas by aggregating detailed (per patient and per site) cost information. We also compared average expenditures on cost drivers with the use of weighted mean and standard deviation statistics. Therapeutic area was an important determinant of clinical trial costs by phase. The average cost of a Phase 1 study conducted at a US site ranged from US$1.4 million (pain and anesthesia) to US$6.6 million (immunomodulation), including estimated site overhead and monitoring costs of the sponsoring organization. A Phase 2 study cost from US$7.0 million (cardiovascular) to US$19.6 million (hematology), whereas a Phase 3 study cost ranged from US$11.5 million (dermatology) to US$52.9 (pain and anesthesia) on average. Across all study phases and excluding estimated site overhead costs and costs for sponsors to monitor the study, the top three cost drivers of clinical trial expenditures were clinical procedure costs (15%-22% of total), administrative staff costs (11%-29% of total), and site monitoring costs (9%-14% of total). The data were from 2004 through 2012 and were not adjusted for inflation. Additionally, the databases used represented a convenience, that is, non-probability, sample and did not allow for statistically valid estimates of cost drivers. Finally, the data were from trials funded by the global pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry only. Hence, our study findings are limited to that segment. Therapeutic area being studied as well as number and types of clinical procedures involved were the key drivers of direct costs in Phase 1 through Phase 3 studies. Research shows that strategies exist for reducing the price tag of some of these major direct cost components. Therefore, to increase clinical trial efficiency and reduce costs, gaining a better understanding of the key direct cost drivers is an important step. © The Author(s) 2016.

[Impact of quality improvement process upon the state of nutritional support in a critical care unit].

PubMed

Martinuzzi, A; Ferraresi, E; Orsati, M; Palaoro, A; Chaparro, J; Alcántara, S; Amin, C; Feller, C; Di Leo, M E; Guillot, A; García, V

2012-01-01

In a preceding article the state of Nutritional support (NS) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was documented [Martinuzzi A et al. Estado del soporte nutricional en una unidad de Cuidados críticos. RNC 2011; 20: 5-17]. In this follow-up work we set to assess the impact of several organizational, recording and educational interventions upon the current state of NS processes. Interventions comprised presentation of the results of the audit conducted at the ICU before the institution's medical as well as paramedical personnel; their publication in a periodical, peer-reviewed journal; drafting and implementation of a protocol regulating NS schemes to be carried out at the ICU; and conduction of continuous education activities on Nutrition (such as "experts talks", interactive courses, and training in the implementation of the NS protocol). The state of NS processes documented after the interventions was compared with the results annotated in the preceding article. Study observation window ran between March the 1st, 2011 and May 31th, 2011, both included. Study series differed only regarding overall-mortality: Phase 1: 40.0% vs. Phase 2: 20.5%; Difference: 19.5%; Z = 1.927; two-tailed-p = 0.054. Interventions resulted in a higher fulfillment rate of the prescribed NS indication; an increase in the number of patients receiving ≥ 80% of prescribed energy; and a reduction in the number of NS lost days. Mortality was (numerically) lower in patients in which the prescribed NS scheme was fulfilled, NS was early initiated, and whom received ≥ 80% of prescribed energy. Adopted interventions had no effect upon average energy intakes: Phase 1: 574.7 ± 395.3 kcal/24 h⁻¹ vs. Phase 2: 591.1 ± 315.3 kcal/24 h⁻¹; two-tailed-p > 0.05. Educational, recording and organizational interventions might result in a better conduction of NS processes, and thus, in a lower mortality. Hemodynamic instability is still the most formidable obstacle for initiating and completing NS.

Total Lifetime and Cancer-related Costs for Elderly Patients Diagnosed With Anal Cancer in the United States.

PubMed

Deshmukh, Ashish A; Zhao, Hui; Franzini, Luisa; Lairson, David R; Chiao, Elizabeth Y; Das, Prajnan; Swartz, Michael D; Giordano, Sharon H; Cantor, Scott B

2018-02-01

To determine the lifetime and phase-specific cost of anal cancer management and the economic burden of anal cancer care in elderly (66 y and older) patients in the United States. For this study, we used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database (1992 to 2009). We matched newly diagnosed anal cancer patients (by age and sex) to noncancer controls. We estimated survival time from the date of diagnosis until death. Lifetime and average annual cost by stage and age at diagnosis were estimated by combining survival data with Medicare claims. The average lifetime cost, proportion of patients who were elderly, and the number of incident cases were used to estimate the economic burden. The average lifetime cost for patients with anal cancer was US$50,150 (N=2227) (2014 US dollars). The average annual cost in men and women was US$8025 and US$5124, respectively. The overall survival after the diagnosis of cancer was 8.42 years. As the age and stage at diagnosis increased, so did the cost of cancer-related care. The anal cancer-related lifetime economic burden in Medicare patients in the United States was US$112 million. Although the prevalence of anal cancer among the elderly in the United States is small, its economic burden is considerable.

The Globalization of Cooperative Groups.

PubMed

Valdivieso, Manuel; Corn, Benjamin W; Dancey, Janet E; Wickerham, D Lawrence; Horvath, L Elise; Perez, Edith A; Urton, Alison; Cronin, Walter M; Field, Erica; Lackey, Evonne; Blanke, Charles D

2015-10-01

The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported adult cooperative oncology research groups (now officially Network groups) have a longstanding history of participating in international collaborations throughout the world. Most frequently, the US-based cooperative groups work reciprocally with the Canadian national adult cancer clinical trial group, NCIC CTG (previously the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group). Thus, Canada is the largest contributor to cooperative groups based in the United States, and vice versa. Although international collaborations have many benefits, they are most frequently utilized to enhance patient accrual to large phase III trials originating in the United States or Canada. Within the cooperative group setting, adequate attention has not been given to the study of cancers that are unique to countries outside the United States and Canada, such as those frequently associated with infections in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Global collaborations are limited by a number of barriers, some of which are unique to the countries involved, while others are related to financial support and to US policies that restrict drug distribution outside the United States. This article serves to detail the cooperative group experience in international research and describe how international collaboration in cancer clinical trials is a promising and important area that requires greater consideration in the future. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Power System Observation by using Synchronized Phasor Measurements as a Smart Device

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitani, Yasunori

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is an apparatus which detects the absolute value of phase angle in sinusoidal signal. When more than two units are located distantly apart from each other, and they are synchronized with GPS signal which tells us the information on exact time, it becomes ready to get phase differences between two distant places. Thus, PMU with GPS receiver is applied to the monitoring of AC power system dynamics and usually installed at substations of transmission lines. The states of power network are uniquely determined by the active and reactive power and the magnitude and phase angle of voltage in each node. Among these values the phase angle had not been easily obtained until the scheme of time synchronism with GPS appeared. In this report, the history of GPS and PMU, and the current status of the applications in power systems in the world are presented. In Japan we are developing a power system monitoring system with PMUs installed at University's campuses with 100V outlets, which is called Campus WAMS. This report also introduces some results from the Campus WAMS briefly.

A two-phase investment model for optimal allocation of phasor measurement units considering transmission switching

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mousavian, Seyedamirabbas; Valenzuela, Jorge; Wang, Jianhui

2015-02-01

Ensuring the reliability of an electrical power system requires a wide-area monitoring and full observability of the state variables. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) collect in real time synchronized phasors of voltages and currents which are used for the observability of the power grid. Due to the considerable cost of installing PMUs, it is not possible to equip all buses with PMUs. In this paper, we propose an integer linear programming model to determine the optimal PMU placement plan in two investment phases. In the first phase, PMUs are installed to achieve full observability of the power grid whereas additional PMUsmore » are installed in the second phase to guarantee the N - 1 observability of the power grid. The proposed model also accounts for transmission switching and single contingencies such as failure of a PMU or a transmission line. Results are provided on several IEEE test systems which show that our proposed approach is a promising enhancement to the methods available for the optimal placement of PMUs.« less

Different Topological Quantum States in Ternary Zintl compounds: BaCaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Lin-Lin; Kaminski, Adam; Canfield, Paul C.

Topological quantum states require stringent combination of crystal symmetry and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength. Here in this paper, we report that the ternary Zintl compound series BaCaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb, Group IV) in the same crystal structure having eight valence electrons per formula unit can host two different topological quantum phases, controlled by atomic size and SOC strength. BaCaSi is a nodal-line semimetal (NLSM) with band inversion protected by mirror symmetry and hosts a strong topological insulator (TI) state when SOC is turned on, thus, a NLSM-TI phase. Moving to larger atomic sizes and heavier atoms,more » BaCaGe and BaCaSn are normal insulators (NIs); then, with the strongest SOC in BaCaPb, a different band inversion is induced, giving a strong TI phase without the need of NLSM. Thus, we also predict two types of topological transitions in a phase diagram for BaCaX: (1) NLSM-TI to NI, then to TI by tuning atomic size and SOC strength via alloying, and (2) NI or TI to NLSM-TI via pressure.« less

Different Topological Quantum States in Ternary Zintl compounds: BaCaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb)

DOE PAGES

Wang, Lin-Lin; Kaminski, Adam; Canfield, Paul C.; ...

2017-12-14

Topological quantum states require stringent combination of crystal symmetry and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength. Here in this paper, we report that the ternary Zintl compound series BaCaX (X = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb, Group IV) in the same crystal structure having eight valence electrons per formula unit can host two different topological quantum phases, controlled by atomic size and SOC strength. BaCaSi is a nodal-line semimetal (NLSM) with band inversion protected by mirror symmetry and hosts a strong topological insulator (TI) state when SOC is turned on, thus, a NLSM-TI phase. Moving to larger atomic sizes and heavier atoms,more » BaCaGe and BaCaSn are normal insulators (NIs); then, with the strongest SOC in BaCaPb, a different band inversion is induced, giving a strong TI phase without the need of NLSM. Thus, we also predict two types of topological transitions in a phase diagram for BaCaX: (1) NLSM-TI to NI, then to TI by tuning atomic size and SOC strength via alloying, and (2) NI or TI to NLSM-TI via pressure.« less

Identical phase oscillators with global sinusoidal coupling evolve by Mobius group action.

PubMed

Marvel, Seth A; Mirollo, Renato E; Strogatz, Steven H

2009-12-01

Systems of N identical phase oscillators with global sinusoidal coupling are known to display low-dimensional dynamics. Although this phenomenon was first observed about 20 years ago, its underlying cause has remained a puzzle. Here we expose the structure working behind the scenes of these systems by proving that the governing equations are generated by the action of the Mobius group, a three-parameter subgroup of fractional linear transformations that map the unit disk to itself. When there are no auxiliary state variables, the group action partitions the N-dimensional state space into three-dimensional invariant manifolds (the group orbits). The N-3 constants of motion associated with this foliation are the N-3 functionally independent cross ratios of the oscillator phases. No further reduction is possible, in general; numerical experiments on models of Josephson junction arrays suggest that the invariant manifolds often contain three-dimensional regions of neutrally stable chaos.

Insulating and metallic spin glass in K xFe 2-δ-yNi ySe 2 (0.06 ≤ y ≤ 1.44 ) single crystals

DOE PAGES

Ryu, Hyejin; Abeykoon, Milinda; Wang, Kefeng; ...

2015-05-04

We report electron doping effects by Ni in K xFe 2-δ-yNi ySe₂ (0.06 ≤ y ≤ 1.44) single crystal alloys. A rich ground state phase diagram is observed. Thus, a small amount of Ni (~ 4%) suppressed superconductivity below 1.8 K, inducing insulating spin glass magnetic ground state for higher Ni content. With further Ni substitution, metallic resistivity is restored. For high Ni concentration in the lattice the unit cell symmetry is high symmetry I4/ mmm with no phase separation whereas both I4/ m + I4/ mmm space groups were detected in the phase separated crystals when concentration of Nimore » < Fe. The absence of superconductivity coincides with the absence of crystalline Fe vacancy order.« less

Using School-Level Interviews to Develop a Multisite PE Intervention Program

PubMed Central

Moe, Stacey G.; Pickrel, Julie; McKenzie, Thomas L.; Strikmiller, Patricia K.; Coombs, Derek; Murrie, Dale

2008-01-01

The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) is a randomized, multicenter field trial in middle schools that aims to reduce the decline of physical activity in adolescent girls. To inform the development of the TAAG intervention, two phases of formative research are conducted to gain information on school structure and environment and on the conduct of physical education classes. Principals and designated staff at 64 eligible middle schools were interviewed using the School Survey during Phase 1. The following year (Phase 2), physical education department heads of the 36 schools selected into TAAG were interviewed. Responses were examined to design a standardized, multicomponent physical activity intervention for six regions of the United States. This article describes the contribution of formative research to the development of the physical education intervention component and summarizes the alignment of current school policies and practices with national and state standards. PMID:16397159

A historical overview of the United States-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project.

PubMed

Diaz-Kenney, Rita V; Ruiz-Holguín, Rosalba; de Cosío, Federico G; Ramos, Rebeca; Rodríguez, Betsy; Beckles, Gloria L; Valdez, Rodolfo; Thompson-Reid, Patricia E

2010-09-01

Diabetes is a serious public health problem in the border region between the United States of America and Mexico, reflecting and by some measures surpassing the extent of national diabetes burden of each country. The U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project, a two-phase prevalence study on type 2 diabetes and its risk factors, was conceived and developed by culturally diverse groups of people representing more than 100 government agencies and nongovernmental organizations; health care providers; and residents of 10 U.S. and Mexican border states, using a participatory approach, to address this disproportionate incidence of diabetes. This report describes the project's history, conceptualization, participatory approach, implementation, accomplishments, and challenges, and recommends a series of steps for carrying out other binational participatory projects based on lessons learned.

Activities of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1991-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Low, Walton H.

1997-01-01

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a full-scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA Program are to describe the status and trends in the water quality of a large part of the Nation's rivers and aquifers and to improve understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect water-quality conditions. In meeting these goals, the program will produce water-quality, ecological, and geographic information that will be useful to policy makers and managers at the national, State, and local levels. A major component of the program is study-unit investigations, upon which national-level assessment activities are based. The program's 60 study-unit investigations are associated with principal river basins and aquifer systems throughout the Nation. Study units encompass areas from 1,200 to more than 65,000 mi2 (square miles) and incorporate about 60 to 70 percent of the Nation's water use and population served by public water supply. In 1991, the upper Snake River Basin was among the first 20 NAWQA study units selected for implementation. From 1991 to 1995, a high-intensity data-collection phase of the upper Snake River Basin study unit (fig. 1) was implemented and completed. Components of this phase are described in a report by Gilliom and others (1995). In 1997, a low-intensity phase of data collection began, and work continued on data analysis, report writing, and data documentation and archiving activities that began in 1996. Principal data-collection activities during the low-intensity phase will include monitoring of surface-water and ground-water quality, assessment of aquatic biological conditions, and continued compilation of environmental setting information.

Evaluating the accuracy of technicians and pharmacists in checking unit dose medication cassettes.

PubMed

Ambrose, Peter J; Saya, Frank G; Lovett, Larry T; Tan, Sandy; Adams, Dale W; Shane, Rita

2002-06-15

The accuracy rates of board-registered pharmacy technicians and pharmacists in checking unit dose medication cassettes in the inpatient setting at two separate institutions were examined. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, both in Los Angeles county, petitioned the California State Board of Pharmacy to approve a waiver of the California Code of Regulations to conduct an experimental program to compare the accuracy of unit dose medication cassettes checked by pharmacists with that of cassettes checked by trained, certified pharmacy technicians. The study consisted of three parts: assessing pharmacist baseline checking accuracy (Phase I), developing a technician-training program and certifying technicians who completed the didactic and practical training (Phase II), and evaluating the accuracy of certified technicians checking unit dose medication cassettes as a daily function (Phase III). Twenty-nine pharmacists and 41 technicians (3 of whom were pharmacy interns) participated in the study. Of the technicians, all 41 successfully completed the didactic and practical training, 39 successfully completed the audits and became certified checkers, and 2 (including 1 of the interns) did not complete the certification audits because they were reassigned to another work area or had resigned. In Phase II, the observed accuracy rate and its lower confidence limit exceeded the predetermined minimum requirement of 99.8% for a certified checker. The mean accuracy rates for technicians were identical at the two institutions (p = 1.0). The difference in mean accuracy rates between pharmacists (99.52%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 99.44-99.58%) and technicians, (99.89%; 95% CI 99.87-99.90%) was significant (p < 0.0001). Inpatient technicians who had been trained and certified in a closely supervised program that incorporated quality assurance mechanisms could safely and accurately check unit dose medication cassettes filled by other technicians.

Toward Realistic Dynamics of Rotating Orbital Debris, and Implications for Lightcurve Interpretation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ojakangas, Gregory W.; Cowardin, H.; Hill, N.

2011-01-01

Optical observations of rotating space debris near GEO contain important information on size, shape, composition, and rotational states, but these aspects are difficult to extract due to data limitations and the high number of degrees of freedom in the modeling process. For tri-axial rigid debris objects created by satellite fragmentations, the most likely initial rotation state has a large component of initial angular velocity directed along the intermediate axis of inertia, leading to large angular reorientations of the body on the timescale of the rotation period. This lends some support to the simplest possible interpretation of light curves -- that they represent sets of random orientations of the objects of study. However, effects of internal friction and solar radiation are likely to cause significant modification of rotation states within a time as short as a few orbital periods. In order to examine the rotational dynamics of debris objects under the influences of these effects, a set of seven first-order coupled equations of motion were assembled in state form: three are Euler equations describing the rates of change of the components of angular velocity in the body frame, and four describe the rates of change of the components of the unit quaternion. Quaternions are a four-dimensional extension of complex numbers that form a seamless, singularity-free representation of body orientation on S3. The Euler equations contain explicit terms describing torque from solar radiation in terms of spherical harmonics, and terms representing effects of a prescribed rate of internal friction. Numerical integrations of these equations of motion are being performed, and results will be presented. Initial tests show that internal friction without solar radiation torque leads to rotation about the maximum principal axis of inertia, as required, and solar radiation torque is expected to lead to spin-up of objects. Because the axis of maximum rotational inertia tends to be roughly coincident with the normal to the largest projected cross-sectional area, internal friction is expected to lead to reduced variation of light curve amplitudes at a given phase angle, but a large dependence of the same on phase angle. At a given phase angle, databases are generated which contain reflected intensities for comprehensive sets of equally-likely orientations, represented as unit quaternions. When projected onto three dimensions (S2) and color-coded by intensity, the set is depicted as points within a solid, semi-transparent unit sphere, within which all possible reflected intensities for an object at a given phase angle may be inspected simultaneously. Rotational sequences are represented by trajectories through the sphere. Databases are generated for each of a set of phase angles separately, forming a comprehensive dataset of reflected intensities spanning all object orientations and solar phase angles. Symmetries in the problem suggest that preferred rotation states are likely, defined relative to the object-sun direction in inertial space and relative to the maximum principal axis of inertia in the body coordinate system. Such rotation states may greatly simplify the problem of light curve interpretation by reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the problem.

Medical costs associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States during the first two years of treatment.

PubMed

Kutikova, Lucie; Bowman, Lee; Chang, Stella; Long, Stacey R; Arning, Michael; Crown, William H

2006-08-01

To determine the direct costs of medical care associated with aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the United States; to show how costs for aggressive NHL change over time by examining costs related to initial, secondary and palliative treatment phases; and to evaluate the economic consequences of treatment failure in aggressive NHL. A retrospective cohort analysis of 1999 - 2000 direct costs in newly diagnosed NHL patients and controls (subjects without any cancer) was conducted using the MarketScan medical and drug claims database of large employers across the United States. Treatment failure analysis was conducted for aggressive NHL patients, and was defined by the need for secondary treatment or palliative care after initial therapy. Cost of treatment failure was calculated as difference in regression-adjusted costs between patients with initial therapy only and patients experiencing initial treatment failure. Patients with aggressive (n = 356) and indolent (n = 698) NHL had significantly greater health service utilization and associated costs (all P < 05) than controls (n = 1068 for aggressive, n = 2094 for indolent). Mean monthly costs were 5871 dollars for aggressive NHL vs. 355 dollars for controls (P < 0001) and 3833 dollars for indolent NHL vs. 289 dollars for controls (P < 0001). The primary cost drivers were hospitalization (aggressive NHL = 44% of total costs, indolent NHL = 50%) and outpatient office visits (aggressive NHL = 39%, indolent NHL = 34%). For aggressive NHL, mean monthly initial treatment phase costs (10,970 dollars) and palliative care costs (9836 dollars) were higher than costs incurred during secondary phase (3302 dollars). The mean cost of treatment failure in aggressive NHL was 14,174 dollars per month, and 85,934 dollars over the study period. The treatment of NHL was associated with substantial health care costs. Patients with aggressive lymphomas tended to accrue higher costs, compared with those with indolent lymphomas. These costs varied over time, with the highest costs occurring during the initial treatment and palliative care phases. Treatment failure was the most expensive treatment pattern. New strategies to prevent or delay treatment failure in aggressive NHL could help reduce the economic burden of NHL.

B Plant Complex preclosure work plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

ADLER, J.G.

1999-02-02

This preclosure work plan describes the condition of the dangerous waste treatment storage, and/or disposal (TSD) unit after completion of the B Plant Complex decommissioning Transition Phase preclosure activities. This description includes waste characteristics, waste types, locations, and associated hazards. The goal to be met by the Transition Phase preclosure activities is to place the TSD unit into a safe and environmentally secure condition for the long-term Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) Phase of the facility decommissioning process. This preclosure work plan has been prepared in accordance with Section 8.0 of the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement)more » (Ecology et al. 1996). The preclosure work plan is one of three critical Transition Phase documents, the other two being: B Plant End Points Document (WHC-SD-WM-TPP-054) and B Plant S&M plan. These documents are prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and its contractors with the involvement of Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). The tanks and vessels addressed by this preclosure work plan are limited to those tanks end vessels included on the B Plant Complex Part A, Form 3, Permit Application (DOE/RL-88-21). The criteria for determining which tanks or vessels are in the Part A, Form 3, are discussed in the following. The closure plan for the TSD unit will not be prepared until the Disposition Phase of the facility decommissioning process is initiated, which follows the long-term S&M Phase. Final closure will occur during the Disposition Phase of the facility decommissioning process. The Waste Encapsulation Storage Facility (WESF) is excluded from the scope of this preclosure work plan.« less

Developing V-Xanes Oxybarometry for Probing Materials Formed in Reducing Environments in the Early Solar Disk

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butterworth, A. L.; Gainsforth, Z.; Jilly-Rehak, C. E.; Righter, K.; Westphal, A. J.

2017-01-01

Vanadium exhibits four oxidation states (V(sup 2+), V(sup 3+), V(sup 4+) and V(sup 5+)) that have been shown to preferentially partition between melt phases dependent on redox conditions, spanning oxygen fugacity across more than 10 log units. We are developing synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy of low-fugacity standards for the determination of V oxidation state in highly reducing conditions relevant to the early solar nebula.

Turbine Fuels from Tar Sands Bitumen and Heavy Oil. Phase I. Preliminary Process Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-09

OIL RESERVOIRS OF THE UNITED STATES Resource: Oil -in-Place State Field Name (County) (Million Bbls.) Arkansas Smackover Old (Union) 1,6U0 California...Flow Schematic for Gas Oil Feed Hydrotreater 94 14 Summary of Case Studies for Processing Bitumen from New Mexico 95 15 Summary of Case Studies for...Naphtha Hydrotreating Process Estimates 112 14 Gas Oil Hydrocracking Process Estimates 113 l! Gas Oil Hydrotreating Process Estimate 114 16 Fluid

The GALAXY Classroom: An Interactive, Thematic Approach to Literacy Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewison, Mitzi

The GALAXY Classroom, developed as a nation-wide reform effort, was designed to make a significant positive difference in the educational lives of elementary school students who have traditionally been labeled "at-risk." As part of a 2-year demonstration and research phase, 39 elementary schools across the United States (and one school…

Vietnamese Amerasians: Practical Implications of Current Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felsman, J. Kirk.; And Others

This study was conducted to examine the experiences of Amerasians from Vietnam who resettled in the United States and to explore coping and adaptation among Vietnamese Amerasians over time. The initial data collection phase involved in-camp assessment of a randomly selected sample of Amerasian adolescents (N=259). The assessment is to be repeated…

Multi-model Comparison of Lateral Boundary Contributions to Ozone Concentrations over the United States (CM

EPA Science Inventory

As the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone become more stringent, there has been growing attention on characterizing the contributions and the uncertainties in ozone from outside the US to the ozone concentrations within the US. The third phase of the Air Qua...

Spatial Analysis for Monitoring Forest Health

Treesearch

Francis A. Roesch

1994-01-01

A plan for the spatial analysis for the sample design for the detection monitoring phase in the joint USDA Forest Service/EPA Forest Health Monitoring Program (FHM) in the United States is discussed. The spatial analysis procedure is intended to more quickly identify changes in forest health by providing increased sensitivity to localized changes. The procedure is...

77 FR 51569 - Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

...)] Large Residential Washers From Korea and Mexico Scheduling of the final phase of countervailing duty and... and Mexico of large residential washers, provided for in subheading 8450.20.00 of the Harmonized... and Mexico are being sold in the United States at less than fair value within the meaning of section...

National rivers and streams assessment survey: evaluating the extent of selected human prescription pharmaceuticals in United States surface waters

EPA Science Inventory

The Ecological Exposure Research Division (EERD) has prioritized a list of the most prescribed active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in the U.S. based on the potential of their wastewater residues to cause biological effects. A method using selective solid phase extraction and...

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES AND REVITALIZATION TOOLS - ELECTRONIC (SMARTE), A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL TO EVALUATE FUTURE REUSE SCENARIOS

EPA Science Inventory

In 2000, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) began Phase 3 of the U.S.-German Bilateral Working Group. EPA and BMBF have an ongoing partnership designed to gain an understanding of each country's...

Influence of Boundary Conditions on Regional Air Quality Simulations-Analysis of AQMEII Phase 3 Results

EPA Science Inventory

This presentation focuses on the dynamic evaluation of the CMAQ model over the continental United States using multi-decadal simulations for the period from 1990 to 2010 to examine how well the changes in observed ozone air quality induced by variations in meteorology and/or emis...

SERUM LEVELS OF SEVERAL ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FARMERS CORRESPOND WITH DIETARY EXPOSURE AND LOCAL USE HISTORY

EPA Science Inventory

In response to reported increased cancer risks among farmers, the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) was designed to examine health outcomes and environmental exposures among farm families in the United States. In the pilot phase of the AHS,food,beverage,air,dermal,dust,surface wipe...

Diagnostic Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Sulfur Distributions over the Eastern United States Using the CMAQ Model and Measurements from the ICARTT Field Experiment

EPA Science Inventory

Previous comparisons of air quality modeling results from various forecast models with aircraft measurements of sulfate aerosol collected during the ICARTT field experiment indicated that models that included detailed treatment of gas- and aqueous-phase atmospheric sulfate format...

77 FR 50715 - Utility Scale Wind Towers From China and Vietnam; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-486 and 731-TA-1195-1196 (Final... Antidumping Investigations AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The...: Nathanael Comly (202-205-3174), Office of Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street...

Zika Phase 1 Clinical Trial Material—From Research to Release in 90 Days | Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Over the past 12 months, we’ve grown accustomed to seeing Zika in the news. The virus has been linked to thousands of cases of microcephaly in Brazilian babies. Numerous countries, including the United States, have reported Zika-related deaths. And

77 FR 70185 - Silica Bricks and Shapes From China; Institution of an Antidumping Duty Investigation and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-23

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1205 (Preliminary)] Silica Bricks and Shapes From China; Institution of an Antidumping Duty Investigation and Scheduling of a Preliminary Phase... industry in the United States is materially retarded, by reason of imports from China of silica bricks and...

Evaluation of wildlife crossing structures and fencing on US Highway 93 Evaro to Polson Phase I : preconstruction data collection and finalization of evaluation plan : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-11-01

The US 93 reconstruction project on the Flathead Indian Reservation in northwest Montana represents one of the most extensive wildlife-sensitive highway design efforts to occur in the continental United States. The reconstruction will include install...

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study. Phase 1-synthesis, working paper 9 : the effects of TS&W regulations on truck travel and mode share

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report presents the Transit System Data Test Plan for the national evaluation of the Los Angeles Congestion Reduction Demonstration (Metro ExpressLanes) under the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Congestion Reduction Demonst...

Analysis of sorghum wax and carnauba wax by reversed phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sorghum is a genus in the grass family, which is used for both grain and forage production throughout the world. In the United States, sorghum grain is predominantly used as livestock feed, and in ethanol production. In recent years however, sorghum grain has been investigated for other industrial a...

Using long-term datasets to study exotic plant invasions on rangelands in the western United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Invasions by exotic species are generally described with a logistic growth curve divided into three phases: introduction, expansion and saturation. This model is constructed primarily from regional studies of plant invasions based on historical records and herbarium samples. The goal of this study w...

Review and Enhancement for Crash Analysis and Prediction: Phase 1 Evaluation of the Crash Studies and Analysis Standard Operating Procedures in Maryland

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

Traffic safety has become one of the most critical issues facing transportation agencies across the nation. In 2006, about 43,000 people were killed, and another 290,000 were seriously injured in crashes on public roadways in the United States. Accor...

76 FR 43343 - Large Power Transformers From Korea; Institution of Antidumping Duty Investigation and Scheduling...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-20

... Transformers From Korea; Institution of Antidumping Duty Investigation and Scheduling of a Preliminary Phase... transformers, provided for in subheading 8504.23.00 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States... on July 14, 2011 by ABB Inc., Cary, NC; Delta Star Inc., Lynchburg, VA; and Pennsylvania Transformer...

77 FR 16559 - Large Power Transformers From Korea: Scheduling of the Final Phase of an Antidumping Investigation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-21

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1189 (Final)] Large Power Transformers... transformers, provided for in subheading 8504.23.00 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.\\1... merchandise as ``large liquid dielectric power transformers (LPTs) having a top power handling capacity...

Modeling effects of overstory density and competing vegetation on tree height growth

Treesearch

Christian Salas; Albert R. Stage; Andrew P. Robinson

2007-01-01

We developed and evaluated an individual-tree height growth model for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] in the Inland Northwest United States. The model predicts growth for all tree sizes continuously, rather than requiring a transition between independent models for juvenile and mature growth phases. The model predicts the effects...

Oviposition behaviors and ontogenetic embryonic characteristics of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of fruit, vegetable, and field crops in the western United States but many aspects of L. hesperus ecology are poorly documented. A sound understanding of oviposition behavior and characterization of the phases of embryonic development would be...

Measurements of forest fire danger

Treesearch

Leo Shames

1938-01-01

Although the annual destruction of life and property attributable to forest fires is enormous, scientific methods of forest fire control in the United States are of comparatively recent origin. In one important phase of control, that of determining how large a network of observers is necessary for the purpose of discovering forest fires in their infancy, accurate means...

Multi-model Comparison of Lateral Boundary Contributions to Ozone Concentrations over the United States (CMAS Presentation)

EPA Science Inventory

As the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone become more stringent, there has been growing attention on characterizing the contributions and the uncertainties in ozone from outside the US to the ozone concentrations within the US. The third phase of the Air Qua...

DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUALS ALONG THE ARIZONA/MEXICO BORDER

EPA Science Inventory

The use of DDT has been banned for many years in the United States. Mexico began a 10-year phase out of DDT in 1997. DDT was banned in the U.S. primarily because of its environmental persistence. Thus, DDT is still found in the outdoor and indoor environment. We report the ...

78 FR 75371 - Diffusion-Annealed, Nickel-Plated Flat-Rolled Steel Products From Japan; Scheduling of the Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

...-Plated Flat-Rolled Steel Products From Japan; Scheduling of the Final Phase of an Antidumping... imports from Japan of diffusion-annealed, nickel- plated flat-rolled steel products, provided for... diffusion-annealed, nickel- plated flat-rolled steel products from Japan are being sold in the United States...

The Uncertain Connection: Free Trade and Rural Mexican Migration to the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornelius, Wayne A.; Martin, Philip L.

1993-01-01

Argues that it is easy to overestimate the additional emigration from rural Mexico that could occur as a result of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) related economic restructuring in Mexico. Four major reasons why Mexican emigration may not increase dramatically are suggested. Phase-in recommendations related to implementation are…

Understanding the College First-Year Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kidwell, Kirk S.

2005-01-01

Each fall, thousands of high school graduates launch into the next phase of their academic careers: college. They arrive on campuses across the United States full of hope and optimism, trepidation and anxiety. All intensely feel both the eagerness to excel and the fear of failure. The author shares his experience of dealing with college first-year…

Hawaii Integrated Biofuels Research Program: Final Subcontract Report, Phase III

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-05-01

This report is a compilation of studies done to develop an integrated set of strategies for the production of energy from renewable resources in Hawaii. Because of the close coordination between this program and other ongoing DOE research, the work will have broad-based applicability to the entire United States.

Black Vocational Technical and Industrial Arts Education: Development and History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Clyde W.

Since coverage of the history of industrial training of blacks in the United States is lacking, the author has compiled a single volume tracing this history from the plantation era. All phases are described--early schools prior to 1865, private and public industrial institutions of higher education, private institutions of higher education…

75 FR 29364 - Certain Coated Paper Suitable for High-Quality Print Graphics Using Sheet-Fed Presses From China...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-25

... Indonesia AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Scheduling of the final phase of...-fair-value imports from China and Indonesia of certain coated paper, provided for in subheadings 4810...) are being provided to manufacturers, producers, or exporters in China and Indonesia of certain coated...

Development of a Comprehensive Heart Disease Knowledge Questionnaire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergman, Hannah E.; Reeve, Bryce B.; Moser, Richard P.; Scholl, Sarah; Klein, William M. P.

2011-01-01

Background: Heart disease is the number one killer of both men and women in the United States, yet a comprehensive and evidence-based heart disease knowledge assessment is currently not available. Purpose: This paper describes the two-phase development of a novel heart disease knowledge questionnaire. Methods: After review and critique of the…

Final report on the United States phase I clinical trial of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole (Ro-07-0582; NSC No. 261037

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Phillips, T.L.; Wasserman, T.H.; Johnson, R.J.

1981-10-15

The hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole began phase I evaluation in the United States in July 1977. One hundred two patients received 104 individual courses of drug. Drug was administered from once to five times per week over time spans from one to six weeks. The individual doses ranged 1 to 5 g/m. The major toxicity noted was neurologic; 49% of evaluable courses showed peripheral neuropathy, and 9% of evaluable courses showed central nervous system effects and/or ototoxicity. In addition, 48 of 102 patients exhibited some degree of nausea and vomiting. The concomitant administration of dexamethasone and phenytoin sodium appeared tomore » lower the incidence of neuropathy. Observations of efficacy were made comparatively in five patients who had multiple lesions treated with and without misonidazole. All five showed increased response in the lesions treated with misonidazole. It is concluded that misonidazole is a reasonably safe and potentially effective hypoxic cell sensitizer whose dose-limiting toxicity is neurologic.« less

History of San Marco

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caporale, A. J.

1968-01-01

A brief history is reported of the first San Marco project, a joint program of the United States and Italy. The Project was a three phase effort to investigate upper air density and associated ionosphere phenomena. The initial phase included the design and development of the spacecraft, the experiments, the launch complex, and a series of suborbital flights, from Wallops Island. The second phase, consisting of designing, fabricating, and testing a spacecraft for the first orbital mission, culminated in an orbital launch also from Wallops Island. The third phase consisted of further refining the experiments and spacecraft instrumentation and of establishing a full-bore scout complex in Kenya. The launch of San Marco B, in April 1967, from this complex into an equatorial orbit, concluded the initial San Marco effort.

Origin of Transitions between Metallic and Insulating States in Simple Metals

DOE PAGES

Naumov, Ivan I.; Hemley, Russell J.

2015-04-17

Unifying principles that underlie recently discovered transitions between metallic and insulating states in elemental solids under pressure are developed. Using group theory arguments and first principles calculations, we show that the electronic properties of the phases involved in these transitions are controlled by symmetry principles not previously recognized. The valence bands in these systems are described by simple and composite band representations constructed from localized Wannier functions centered on points unoccupied by atoms, and which are not necessarily all symmetrical. The character of the Wannier functions is closely related to the degree of s-p(-d) hybridization and reflects multi-center chemical bondingmore » in these insulating states. The conditions under which an insulating state is allowed for structures having an integer number of atoms per primitive unit cell as well as re-entrant (i.e., metal-insulator-metal) transition sequences are detailed, resulting in predictions of novel behavior such as phases having three-dimensional Dirac-like points. The general principles developed are tested and applied to the alkali and alkaline earth metals, including elements where high-pressure insulating phases have been identified or reported (e.g., Li, Na, and Ca).« less

Reversible hydration and aqueous exfoliation of the acetate-intercalated layered double hydroxide of Ni and Al: Observation of an ordered interstratified phase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manohara, G.V.; Vishnu Kamath, P., E-mail: vishnukamath8@hotmail.com; Milius, Wolfgang

2012-12-15

Acetate-intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Ni and Al undergo reversible hydration in the solid state in response to the ambient humidity. The LDH with a high layer charge (0.33/formula unit) undergoes facile hydration in a single step, whereas the LDH with a lower layer charge (0.24/formula unit) exhibits an ordered interstratified intermediate, comprising the hydrated and dehydrated layers stacked alternatively. This phase, also known as the staged S-2 phase, coexists with the end members suggesting the existence of a solution-type equilibrium between the S-2 phase and the end members of the hydration cycle. These LDHs also undergo facile aqueousmore » exfoliation into 2-5 nm-thick tactoids with a radial dimension of 0.2-0.5 {mu}m. - Graphical abstract: Schematic of the hydrated, dehydrated and interstratified phases observed during the hydration-dehydration of Ni/Al-CH{sub 3}COO LDH. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ni/Al-acetate LDHs were synthesized by HPFS method by hydrolysis of acetamide. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Intercalated acetate ion shows reversible hydration with variation in humidity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An ordered interstratified phase was observed during hydration/dehydration cycle. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A solution type equilibrium is observed between hydration-dehydration phases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer These LDHs undergo facile aqueous exfoliation.« less

Stabilization mechanism of γ-Mg17Al12 and β-Mg2Al3 complex metallic alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vrtnik, S.; Jazbec, S.; Jagodič, M.; Korelec, A.; Hosnar, L.; Jagličić, Z.; Jeglič, P.; Feuerbacher, M.; Mizutani, U.; Dolinšek, J.

2013-10-01

Large-unit-cell complex metallic alloys (CMAs) frequently achieve stability by lowering the kinetic energy of the electron system through formation of a pseudogap in the electronic density of states (DOS) across the Fermi energy ɛF. By employing experimental techniques that are sensitive to the electronic DOS in the vicinity of ɛF, we have studied the stabilization mechanism of two binary CMA phases from the Al-Mg system: the γ-Mg17Al12 phase with 58 atoms in the unit cell and the β-Mg2Al3 phase with 1178 atoms in the unit cell. Since the investigated alloys are free from transition metal elements, orbital hybridization effects must be small and we were able to test whether the alloys obey the Hume-Rothery stabilization mechanism, where a pseudogap in the DOS is produced by the Fermi surface-Brillouin zone interactions. The results have shown that the DOS of the γ-Mg17Al12 phase exhibits a pronounced pseudogap centered almost exactly at ɛF, which is compatible with the theoretical prediction that this phase is stabilized by the Hume-Rothery mechanism. The disordered cubic β-Mg2Al3 phase is most likely entropically stabilized at high temperatures, whereas at lower temperatures stability is achieved by undergoing a structural phase transition to more ordered rhombohedral β‧ phase at 214 ° C, where all atomic sites become fully occupied. No pseudogap in the vicinity of ɛF was detected for the β‧ phase on the energy scale of a few 100 meV as determined by the ‘thermal observation window’ of the Fermi-Dirac function, so that the Hume-Rothery stabilization mechanism is not confirmed for this compound. However, the existence of a much broader shallow pseudogap due to several critical reciprocal lattice vectors \\buildrel{\\rightharpoonup}\\over{G} that simultaneously satisfy the Hume-Rothery interference condition remains the most plausible stabilization mechanism of this phase. At Tc = 0.85 K, the β‧ phase undergoes a superconducting transition, which slightly increases the cohesive energy and may contribute to relative stability of this phase against competing neighboring phases.

The metal-insulator triple point in vanadium dioxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobden, David

2014-03-01

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide is a candidate for optical and electrical switching applications. However, being a first-order solid-state phase transition makes it challenging to study reproducibly in any detail. The combination of the change in unit cell shape, symmetry reduction, long range of elastic distortion, and latent heat leads to domain structure, hysteresis, and cracking of even the highest quality samples. At the MIT two stable insulating phases (M1 and M2) occur in addition to the metallic phase (R), but their phase stability diagram was poorly known. To establish it precisely we studied single-crystal nanobeams of VO2 in a purpose-built nanomechanical strain apparatus. We were able to measure the transition temperature accurately to be 65.0 +- 0.1 oC, to determine the phase boundary slopes, and to detect the intermediate metastable triclinic (T) phase where it is metastable towards M2. We were surprised to find that the transition occurs precisely at the solid-state triple point of the metallic and two insulating phases, a fact that is not explained by existing theories. See J.H. Park et al, Nature 500, 431-4 (August 2013), doi:10.1038/nature12425. Supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, award DE-SC0002197.

40 CFR 72.92 - Phase I unit allowance surrender.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... chapter) for all Phase I units in the dispatch system. (iii) Calculating percentage change in dispatch... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Phase I unit allowance surrender. 72... (CONTINUED) PERMITS REGULATION Compliance Certification § 72.92 Phase I unit allowance surrender. (a) Annual...

40 CFR 72.92 - Phase I unit allowance surrender.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... chapter) for all Phase I units in the dispatch system. (iii) Calculating percentage change in dispatch... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Phase I unit allowance surrender. 72... (CONTINUED) PERMITS REGULATION Compliance Certification § 72.92 Phase I unit allowance surrender. (a) Annual...

Structural Characterization and Impedance Spectroscopy of Substituted, Fused-Ring Organic Semiconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaw, Charles Michael

Organic materials present a number of advantages over silicon that make them ideal candidates for modest performance devices like active matrix backplanes and RFID tags. The work detailed here describes both structural characterization of promising new materials, as well as the adaptation of impedance spectroscopy techniques to the study of organic transistors. Unit cells and solution casting behavior for dioctyl- and didodecyl-pentathienoacene are presented. Dioctyl pentathienoacene has an orthorhombic lattice with parameters a = 1.15 nm, b = 0.43 nm and c = 3.05 nm. Didodecyl pentathienoacene has an monoclinic lattice with parameters gamma = 92.2°, a = 1.10 urn, b = 0.42 nm and c = 3.89 nm. Additionally, thermotropic phase behavior is detailed. Both materials exhibit a "side chain melting" transition---characterized by a dramatic unit cell contraction of more than 20%---and smectic C liquid crystal phases. The side chain melting transition shows similarity to phase transitions elicited by exposing these materials to high energy electron flux. In both cases, disorder in the substitutions results in new phases for these materials. Dioctyl-pentathienoacene also exhibits a unique phase, which is intermediately ordered and shows a threefold increase in critical dose over the as-cast phase. Impedance spectroscopy of triisopropylsilyl pentacene transistors suggests these devices are well fit by a Voigt model equivalent circuit. The gate bias dependent resistor represents the channel conductance and the capacitor represents the drain-gate and source-gate capacitances. This in turn suggests that conduction occurs through delocalized states available in ordered regions, with disordered regions contributing localized, immobile states. Impedance spectroscopy of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) shows similar behavior. The use of variable temperature impedance spectroscopy is also demonstrated. This technique is used to measure the reduction in trap energy---from 200 meV to 140 meV---produced by annealing the material in its liquid crystal phase.

Stromatolites of the Mescal Limestone (Apache Group, middle Proterozoic, central Arizona): taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and paleoenvironments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bertrand-Sarfati, J.; Awramik, S. M.

1992-01-01

The 25- to 30-m-thick Algal Member of the Mescal Limestone (middle Proterozoic Apache Group) contains two distinct stromatolitic units: at the base, a 2- to 3-m-thick unit composed of columnar stromatolites and above, a thicker unit of stratiform and pseudocolumnar stromatolites. Columnar forms from the first unit belong to the Group Tungussia, and two new Forms are described: T. mescalita and T. chrysotila. Among the pseudocolumnar stromatolites of the thicker unit, one distinctive new taxon, Apachina henryi, is described. Because of the low stromatolite diversity, the biostratigraphic value of this assemblage is limited. The presence of Tungussia is consistent with the generally accepted isotopic age for the Apache Group of 1200 to 1100 Ma. The Mescal stromatolites do not closely resemble any other known Proterozoic stromatolites in the southwestern United States or northwestern Mexico. Analyses of sedimentary features and stromatolite growth forms suggest deposition on a stable, flat, shallow, subtidal protected platform during phases of Tungussia growth. Current action probably influenced the development of columns, pseudocolumns, and elongate stromatolitic ridges; these conditions alternated with phases of relatively quiet water characterized by nonoriented stromatolitic domes and stratiform stromatolites. Stable conditions favorable for development of the Mescal stromatolites were short-lived and did not permit the development of thick, stromatolite-bearing units such as those characteristic of many Proterozoic sequences elsewhere.

Fermi Blobs and the Symplectic Camel: A Geometric Picture of Quantum States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gossona, Maurice A. De

We have explained in previous work the correspondence between the standard squeezed coherent states of quantum mechanics, and quantum blobs, which are the smallest phase space units compatible with the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics and having the symplectic group as a group of symmetries. In this work, we discuss the relation between quantum blobs and a certain level set (which we call "Fermi blob") introduced by Enrico Fermi in 1930. Fermi blobs allows us to extend our previous results not only to the excited states of the generalized harmonic oscillator in n dimensions, but also to arbitrary quadratic Hamiltonians. As is the case for quantum blobs, we can evaluate Fermi blobs using a topological notion, related to the uncertainty principle, the symplectic capacity of a phase space set. The definition of this notion is made possible by Gromov's symplectic non-squeezing theorem, nicknamed the "principle of the symplectic camel".

Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

PubMed

Rosshandler, Yasmin; Shen, Ann Q; Cortes, Jorge; Khoury, Hanna Jean

2016-05-01

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic or accelerated phase resistant to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate has activity in chronic myeloid leukemia, especially in the chronic phase, regardless of the presence of ABL1 kinase domain mutations. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate has distinct but manageable adverse events profile. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is a treatment option for a subset of patients with refractory chronic myeloid leukemia.

Termination of psychoanalysis and September 11.

PubMed

Brenner, Ira

2006-07-01

In the United States, the last illusion of safety from problems in distant parts of the world was shattered on September 11, 2001. Psychoanalysts are in a unique position to both experience and examine how such a man-made social disaster becomes internalized and affects one's psychic reality by studying the effects of that day on patients already engaged in a psychoanalytic process. The author hypothesizes that in one such case, that of Mr. N, the termination phase was significantly affected. Furthermore, Mr. N's reaction to reading the analyst's clinical write-up further influenced the termination phase.

Deposition of extreme-tolerant bacterial strains isolated during different phases of Phoenix spacecraft assembly in a public culture collection.

PubMed

Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Vaishampayan, Parag; Benardini, James N; Rooney, Alejandro P; Spry, J Andy

2014-01-01

Extreme-tolerant bacteria (82 strains; 67 species) isolated during various assembly phases of the Phoenix spacecraft were permanently archived within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, Illinois. This represents the first microbial collection of spacecraft-associated surfaces within the United States to be deposited into a freely available, government-funded culture collection. Archiving extreme-tolerant microorganisms from NASA mission(s) will provide opportunities for scientists who are involved in exploring microbes that can tolerate extreme conditions.

It is all about Phase and it is not Star Trek

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Field, Robert W.; Grimes, David; Barnum, Timothy J.; Coy, Stephen; Zhou, Yan

2016-06-01

The marriage of chirped pulse millimeter-wave spectroscopy with a buffer gas cooled molecular beam source has yielded an increase in spectral velocity (number of resolution elements per unit time) of a factor of one million! But it gets even better. Essential information is encoded not just in the frequencies of the transitions, but also in the relative intensities and especially phases of the transitions. Transitions between Rydberg states of atoms and molecules are an ideal test ground for techniques that fully exploit these newly accessible observables.

Charge storage in oxygen deficient phases of TiO2: defect Physics without defects.

PubMed

Padilha, A C M; Raebiger, H; Rocha, A R; Dalpian, G M

2016-07-01

Defects in semiconductors can exhibit multiple charge states, which can be used for charge storage applications. Here we consider such charge storage in a series of oxygen deficient phases of TiO2, known as Magnéli phases. These Magnéli phases (TinO2n-1) present well-defined crystalline structures, i.e., their deviation from stoichiometry is accommodated by changes in space group as opposed to point defects. We show that these phases exhibit intermediate bands with an electronic quadruple donor transitions akin to interstitial Ti defect levels in rutile TiO2. Thus, the Magnéli phases behave as if they contained a very large pseudo-defect density: ½ per formula unit TinO2n-1. Depending on the Fermi Energy the whole material will become charged. These crystals are natural charge storage materials with a storage capacity that rivals the best known supercapacitors.

United States-Vietnam Relations 1945-1967. Book 7 of 12

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-09-20

have the 118 rate in both directions. (2) A new tax on beverages would raise about 1.5 billion piasters in revenue. (3) The GVK would sell gold to...12) Increase receipts from domestic taxes and tariffs, and revise monetary policies. 103/ 17. The Leverage Study On August 31 State...of pressures against the North became more urgent, and the pros-- peet of increasing U.S. inputs to all phases of the war loomed larger. The U.S

Challenges & Concerns -- Phase 4 Stability Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-09

unbeknownst to the U.S military on the ground. “Over the last century, crimes of mass atrocity were reality, Cambodian genocide by the Khmer Rouge in...the 1970’s, Rwandan genocide in the 1990’s and genocide in Darfur within the past decade.”28 The stark reality is the world discovered these crimes...On August 4, 2011, the President of the United States stated, “Preventing mass atrocities and genocide is a core national security interest and a

United States Air Force Graduate Student Summer Support Program (1985). Technical Report. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

C. , "A Thermodynamic and Continuum Approach to the Design and Control of Precision Forging Processes," Master’s Thesis , Wright State University, Aug...on mobile platforms, space will usually be a design consideration. This consideration will 48-4 •.J o,-. " limit the size of the laser used with the...Dichromated Gelatin Emulsions for Recording Phase Holograms," Master’s Thesis USAF Institute of Technology, December 1975, AD-A019320- 7. Graube, A

Selected pharmaceuticals entering an estuary: Concentrations, temporal trends, partitioning, and fluxes.

PubMed

Cantwell, Mark G; Katz, David R; Sullivan, Julia C; Ho, Kay; Burgess, Robert M; Cashman, Michaela

2016-11-01

In many coastal watersheds and ecosystems, rivers discharging to estuaries receive waters from domestic wastewater-treatment plants resulting in the release and distribution of pharmaceuticals to the marine environment. In the present study, 15 active pharmaceutical ingredients were measured regularly over 1 yr in the dissolved and particulate phases as they entered Narragansett Bay from the Pawtuxet River in Cranston (Rhode Island, USA). Of the active pharmaceutical ingredients measured, 14 were consistently present in the dissolved phase, with concentrations ranging from below detection to >310 ng/L, whereas 8 were present in the particulate phase (0.2-18 ng/g). Partition coefficients (K d s and K OC s) were determined, and organic carbon normalization reduced variability associated with K d s for the active pharmaceutical ingredients evaluated. Flux estimates based on river flow were calculated for both dissolved and particulate-phase active pharmaceutical ingredients, with particulate fluxes being low (1-12 g/yr) and dissolved fluxes of active pharmaceutical ingredients being 155 g/yr to 11 600 g/yr. Results indicate that the pharmaceuticals measured in the present study reside primarily in the dissolved phase and thus are likely bioavailable on entering the estuarine waters of Narragansett Bay. This long-term temporal study provides important information on seasonal and annual dynamics of pharmaceuticals in an urban estuarine watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2665-2673. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

Rayleigh and Love Wave Phase Velocities in the Northern Gulf Coast of the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, A.; Yao, Y.

2017-12-01

The last major tectonic event in the northern Gulf Coast of the United States is Mesozoic continental rifting that formed the Gulf of Mexico. This area also experienced igneous activity and local uplifts during Cretaceous. To investigate lithosphere evolution associated with the rifting and igneous activity, we construct Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity models at the periods of 6 s to 125 s in the northern Gulf Coast from Louisiana to Alabama including the eastern Ouachita and southern Appalachian orogeny. The phase velocities are derived from ambient noise and earthquake data recorded at the 120 USArray Transportable Array stations. At periods below 20 s, phase velocity maps are characterized by significant low velocities in the Interior Salt Basin and Gulf Coast Basin, reflecting the effects of thick sediments. The northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas are imaged as a low velocity anomaly in Rayleigh wave models but a high velocity anomaly of Love wave at the periods of 14 s to 30 s, indicating strong lower crust extension to the Ouachita front. High velocity is present in the Mississippi Valley Graben from period 20 s to 35 s, probably reflecting a thin crust or high-velocity lower crust. At longer periods, low velocities are along the Mississippi River to the Gulf Coast Basin, and high velocity anomaly mainly locates in the Black Warrior Basin between the Ouachita Belt and Appalachian Orogeny. The magnitude of anomalies in Love wave images is much smaller than that in Rayleigh wave models, which is probably due to radial anisotropy in the upper mantle. A 3-D anisotropic shear velocity model will be developed from the phase velocities and will provide more details for the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the northern Gulf of Mexico continental margin.

Suicide Prevention in an Emergency Department Population: The ED-SAFE Study.

PubMed

Miller, Ivan W; Camargo, Carlos A; Arias, Sarah A; Sullivan, Ashley F; Allen, Michael H; Goldstein, Amy B; Manton, Anne P; Espinola, Janice A; Jones, Richard; Hasegawa, Kohei; Boudreaux, Edwin D

2017-06-01

Suicide is a leading cause of deaths in the United States. Although the emergency department (ED) is an opportune setting for initiating suicide prevention efforts, ED-initiated suicide prevention interventions remain underdeveloped. To determine whether an ED-initiated intervention reduces subsequent suicidal behavior. This multicenter study of 8 EDs in the United States enrolled adults with a recent suicide attempt or ideation and was composed of 3 sequential phases: (1) a treatment as usual (TAU) phase from August 2010 to December 2011, (2) a universal screening (screening) phase from September 2011 to December 2012, and (3) a universal screening plus intervention (intervention) phase from July 2012 to November 2013. Screening consisted of universal suicide risk screening. The intervention phase consisted of universal screening plus an intervention, which included secondary suicide risk screening by the ED physician, discharge resources, and post-ED telephone calls focused on reducing suicide risk. The primary outcome was suicide attempts (nonfatal and fatal) over the 52-week follow-up period. The proportion and total number of attempts were analyzed. A total of 1376 participants were recruited, including 769 females (55.9%) with a median (interquartile range) age of 37 (26-47) years. A total of 288 participants (20.9%) made at least 1 suicide attempt, and there were 548 total suicide attempts among participants. There were no significant differences in risk reduction between the TAU and screening phases (23% vs 22%, respectively). However, compared with the TAU phase, patients in the intervention phase showed a 5% absolute reduction in suicide attempt risk (23% vs 18%), with a relative risk reduction of 20%. Participants in the intervention phase had 30% fewer total suicide attempts than participants in the TAU phase. Negative binomial regression analysis indicated that the participants in the intervention phase had significantly fewer total suicide attempts than participants in the TAU phase (incidence rate ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-1.00; P = .05) but no differences between the TAU and screening phases (incidence rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.71-1.41; P = .99). Among at-risk patients in the ED, a combination of brief interventions administered both during and after the ED visit decreased post-ED suicidal behavior.

A Lattice Boltzmann Framework for the simulation of boiling hydrodynamics in BWRs.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jain, P. K.; Tentner, A.; Uddin, R.

2008-01-01

Multi phase and multi component flows are ubiquitous in nature as well as in many man-made processes. A specific example is the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) core, in which the coolant enters the core as liquid, undergoes a phase change as it traverses the core and exits as a high quality two-phase mixture. Two-phase flows in BWRs typically manifest a wide variety of geometrical patterns of the co-existing phases depending on the local system conditions. Modeling of such flows currently relies on empirical correlations (for example, in the simulation of bubble nucleation, bubble growth and coalescence, and inter-phase surface topologymore » transitions) that hinder the accurate simulation of two-phase phenomena using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches. The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is in rapid development as a modeling tool to understand these macro-phenomena by coupling them with their underlying micro-dynamics. This paper presents a consistent LBM formulation for the simulation of a two-phase water-steam system. Results of initial model validation in a range of thermodynamic conditions typical for BWRs are also shown. The interface between the two coexisting phases is captured from the dynamics of the model itself, i.e., no interface tracking is needed. The model is based on the Peng-Robinson (P-R) non-ideal equation of state and can quantitatively approximate the phase-coexistence curve for water at different temperatures ranging from 125 to 325 oC. Consequently, coexisting phases with large density ratios (up to {approx}1000) may be simulated. Two-phase models in the 200-300 C temperature range are of significant importance to nuclear engineers since most BWRs operate under similar thermodynamic conditions. Simulation of bubbles and droplets in a gravity-free environment of the corresponding coexisting phase until steady state is reached satisfies Laplace law at different temperatures and thus, yield the surface tension of the fluid. Comparing the LBM surface tension thus calculated using the LBM to the corresponding experimental values for water, the LBM lattice unit (lu) can be scaled to the physical units. Using this approach, spatial scaling of the LBM emerges from the model itself and is not imposed externally.« less

How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Dongyue; Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Durand, Michael; Adam, Jennifer; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.

2017-06-01

In the western United States, the seasonal phase of snow storage bridges between winter-dominant precipitation and summer-dominant water demand. The critical role of snow in water supply has been frequently quantified using the ratio of snowmelt-derived runoff to total runoff. However, current estimates of the fraction of annual runoff generated by snowmelt are not based on systematic analyses. Here based on hydrological model simulations and a new snowmelt tracking algorithm, we show that 53% of the total runoff in the western United States originates as snowmelt, despite only 37% of the precipitation falling as snow. In mountainous areas, snowmelt is responsible for 70% of the total runoff. By 2100, the contribution of snowmelt to runoff will decrease by one third for the western U.S. in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Snowmelt-derived runoff currently makes up two thirds of the inflow to the region's major reservoirs. We argue that substantial impacts on water supply are likely in a warmer climate.

Online Phase Detection Using Wearable Sensors for Walking with a Robotic Prosthesis

PubMed Central

Goršič, Maja; Kamnik, Roman; Ambrožič, Luka; Vitiello, Nicola; Lefeber, Dirk; Pasquini, Guido; Munih, Marko

2014-01-01

This paper presents a gait phase detection algorithm for providing feedback in walking with a robotic prosthesis. The algorithm utilizes the output signals of a wearable wireless sensory system incorporating sensorized shoe insoles and inertial measurement units attached to body segments. The principle of detecting transitions between gait phases is based on heuristic threshold rules, dividing a steady-state walking stride into four phases. For the evaluation of the algorithm, experiments with three amputees, walking with the robotic prosthesis and wearable sensors, were performed. Results show a high rate of successful detection for all four phases (the average success rate across all subjects >90%). A comparison of the proposed method to an off-line trained algorithm using hidden Markov models reveals a similar performance achieved without the need for learning dataset acquisition and previous model training. PMID:24521944

Simulating stream transport of nutrients in the eastern United States, 2002, using a spatially-referenced regression model and 1:100,000-scale hydrography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hoos, Anne B.; Moore, Richard B.; Garcia, Ana Maria; Noe, Gregory B.; Terziotti, Silvia E.; Johnston, Craig M.; Dennis, Robin L.

2013-01-01

Existing Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models for the northeastern and southeastern regions of the United States were recalibrated to achieve a hydrographically consistent model with which to assess nutrient sources and stream transport and investigate specific management questions about the effects of wetlands and atmospheric deposition on nutrient transport. Recalibrated nitrogen models for the northeast and southeast were sufficiently similar to be merged into a single nitrogen model for the eastern United States. The atmospheric deposition source in the nitrogen model has been improved to account for individual components of atmospheric input, derived from emissions from agricultural manure, agricultural livestock, vehicles, power plants, other industry, and background sources. This accounting makes it possible to simulate the effects of altering an individual component of atmospheric deposition, such as nitrate emissions from vehicles or power plants. Regional differences in transport of phosphorus through wetlands and reservoirs were investigated and resulted in two distinct phosphorus models for the northeast and southeast. The recalibrated nitrogen and phosphorus models account explicitly for the influence of wetlands on regional-scale land-phase and aqueous-phase transport of nutrients and therefore allow comparison of the water-quality functions of different wetland systems over large spatial scales. Seven wetland systems were associated with enhanced transport of either nitrogen or phosphorus in streams, probably because of the export of dissolved organic nitrogen and bank erosion. Six wetland systems were associated with mitigating the delivery of either nitrogen or phosphorus to streams, probably because of sedimentation, phosphate sorption, and ground water infiltration.

A pressure ulcer and fall rate quality composite index for acute care units: A measure development study.

PubMed

Boyle, Diane K; Jayawardhana, Ananda; Burman, Mary E; Dunton, Nancy E; Staggs, Vincent S; Bergquist-Beringer, Sandra; Gajewski, Byron J

2016-11-01

Composite indices are single measures that combine the strengths of two or more individual measures and provide broader, easy-to-use measures for evaluation of provider performance and comparisons across units and hospitals to support quality improvement. The study objective was to develop a unit-level inpatient composite nursing care quality performance index-the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index. Two-phase measure development study. 5144 patient care units in 857 United States hospitals participating in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indictors ® during the year 2013. The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index was developed in two phases. In Phase 1 the formula was generated using a utility function and generalized penalty analysis. Experts with experience in healthcare quality measurement provided the point of indicator equivalence. In Phase 2 initial validity evidence was gathered based on hypothesized relationships between the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index and other variables using two-level (unit, hospital) hierarchical linear mixed modeling. The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index=100-PUR-FR, where PUR is pressure ulcer rate and FR is total fall rate. Higher scores indicate better quality. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated agreement between pairs of experts and provided evidence for inter-rater reliability of the formula. The validation process demonstrated that higher registered nurse skill mix, higher percent of registered nurses with a baccalaureate in nursing or higher degree, higher percent of registered nurses with national specialty certification, and lower percent of hours supplied by agency staff were significantly associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. Higher percentages of unit patients at risk for a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer and higher unit rates of physical restraint use were not associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index is a step toward providing a more holistic perspective of unit level nursing quality than individual measures and may help nurses nursing administrators obtain a broader view of which patient care units are the higher and lower performers. Further study is needed to examine the usability of the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

A PRESSURE ULCER AND FALL RATE QUALITY COMPOSITE INDEX FOR ACUTE CARE UNITS: A MEASURE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

PubMed Central

Jayawardhana, Ananda; Burman, Mary E.; Dunton, Nancy E.; Staggs, Vincent S.; Bergquist-Beringer, Sandra; Gajewski, Byron J.

2016-01-01

Background Composite indices are single measures that combine the strengths of two or more individual measures and provide broader, easy-to-use measures for evaluation of provider performance and comparisons across units and hospitals to support quality improvement. Objective The study objective was to develop a unit-level inpatient composite nursing care quality performance index – the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index. Design Two-phase measure development study. Settings 5,144 patient care units in 857 United States hospitals participating in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indictors® during the year 2013. Methods The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index was developed in two phases. In Phase 1 the formula was generated using a utility function and generalized penalty analysis. Experts with experience in healthcare quality measurement provided the point of indicator equivalence. In Phase 2 initial validity evidence was gathered based on hypothesized relationships between the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index and other variables using two-level (unit, hospital) hierarchical linear mixed modeling. Results The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index = 100 − PUR − FR, where PUR is pressure ulcer rate and FR is total fall rate. Higher scores indicate better quality. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated agreement between pairs of experts and provided evidence for inter-rater reliability of the formula. The validation process demonstrated that higher registered nurse skill mix, higher percent of registered nurses with a baccalaureate in nursing or higher degree, higher percent of registered nurses with national specialty certification, and lower percent of hours supplied by agency staff were significantly associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. Higher percentages of unit patients at risk for a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer and higher unit rates of physical restraint use were not associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. Conclusions The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index is a step toward providing a more holistic perspective of unit level nursing quality than individual measures and may help nurses nursing administrators obtain a broader view of which patient care units are the higher and lower performers. Further study is needed to examine the usability of the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index. PMID:27607602

Phase I Development of Neutral Beam Injector Solid-State Power System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prager, James; Ziemba, Timothy; Miller, Kenneth E.; Slobodov, Ilia; Anderson, Seth

2017-10-01

Neutral beam injection (NBI) is an important tool for plasma heating, current drive and a diagnostic at fusion science experiments around the United States, including tokamaks, validation platform experiments, and privately funded fusion concepts. Currently, there are no vendors in the United States for NBI power systems. Eagle Harbor Technologies (EHT), Inc. is developing a new power system for NBI that takes advantage of the latest developments in solid-state switching. EHT has developed a resonant converter that can be scaled to the power levels required for NBI at small-scale validation platform experiments like the Lithium Tokamak Experiment. This power system can be used to modulate the NBI voltages over the course of a plasma shot, which can lead to improved control over the plasma. EHT will present initial modeling used to design this system as well as experimental data showing operation at 15 kV and 40 A for 10 ms into a test load. With support of DOE SBIR.

Uveitis and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Convalescent Phase of Ebola Virus Disease.

PubMed

Chancellor, John R; Padmanabhan, Sriranjani P; Greenough, Thomas C; Sacra, Richard; Ellison, Richard T; Madoff, Lawrence C; Droms, Rebecca J; Hinkle, David M; Asdourian, George K; Finberg, Robert W; Stroher, Ute; Uyeki, Timothy M; Cerón, Olga M

2016-02-01

We report a case of probable Zaire Ebola virus-related ophthalmologic complications in a physician from the United States who contracted Ebola virus disease in Liberia. Uveitis, immune activation, and nonspecific increase in antibody titers developed during convalescence. This case highlights immune phenomena that could complicate management of Ebola virus disease-related uveitis during convalescence.

Historical Development of the Concept of the Multicultural Personality: A Mixed Ethnic Heritage Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramirez, Manuel, III

The Mestizo (mixed ethnic heritage) Civil Rights Movement in the United States can be divided into five phases: Pre-Civil Rights, Civil Rights, Bilingual-Multicultural Education, Political Conservatism, and the current period, an Assault on Civil Rights. The paper describes how a personal research career has been influenced by the different stages…

Study of Pu consumption in advanced light water reactors: Evaluation of GE advanced boiling water reactor plants - compilation of Phase 1B task reports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1993-09-15

This report contains an extensive evaluation of GE advanced boiling water reactor plants prepared for United State Department of Energy. The general areas covered in this report are: core and system performance; fuel cycle; infrastructure and deployment; and safety and environmental approval.

Regional relationships between climate and wildfire-burned area in the interior West, USA

Treesearch

Brandon M. Collins; Philip N. Omi; Phillip L. Chapman

2006-01-01

Recent studies have linked the Atlantic Multtidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) with drought occurrence in the interior United States. This study evaluates the influence of AM0 and PDO phases on interannual relationships between climate and wildfire-burned area during the 20th century. Palmer's Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is...

Innovative Biological Treatment Process for the Removal of Ammonia, Arsenic, Iron and Manganese from a Small Drinking Water System in Gilbert, Iowa (Phase 1: Pilot Evaluation)

EPA Science Inventory

Many regions in the United States have excessive levels of ammonia in their drinking water sources (e.g., ground and surface waters) as a result of naturally occurring processes, agricultural and urban runoff, concentrated animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment...

76 FR 30987 - Termination of Action and Further Monitoring in Connection With the EC-Beef Hormones Dispute

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

... Connection With the EC-Beef Hormones Dispute AGENCY: Office of the United States Trade Representative. ACTION... Hormones dispute. In January 2009, the Trade Representative announced a determination to modify the list of...) in the EC-Beef Hormones dispute. The MOU provides for the EU to make phased increases in market...

75 FR 65012 - Small Hydropower Development in the United States; Notice of Small/Low-Impact Hydropower Webinar

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

... and walk participants through all phases of the licensing and exemption processes using the Web site. Specifically, the webinar will provide the opportunity for participants to learn about the small hydropower licensing process, find out how to get more information and assistance from FERC, and ask questions. To...

Constructing a Regional Order: Northeast Asia and the Systemic Constraints on Korean Unification

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

took on the qualities of “ tripolarity ” or “multipolarity” as Neorealists and Neoliberals might suggest, the 1971-1979 East-West rapprochement in fact...period is also considered “Phase 1” of the tripolarity period between the Soviet Union, the PRC, and the United States. See Yahuda, 72-85. 139

77 FR 50713 - Steel Wire Garment Hangers From Taiwan and Vietnam; (Corrected Notice) Scheduling of the Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

...)] Steel Wire Garment Hangers From Taiwan and Vietnam; (Corrected Notice) Scheduling of the Final Phase of... the United States is materially retarded, by reason of subsidized imports from Vietnam of steel wire garment hangers and less- than-fair-value imports from Taiwan and Vietnam of steel wire garment hangers...

An investigation into the potential of ionic silver as a wood preservative

Treesearch

Benjamin Dorau; Rachel Arango; Frederick Green

2004-01-01

On December 3 1, 2003, the wood preservation industry, in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency, voluntarily phased out the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated lumber for residential applications. This ended over 25 years of CCA as the predominant wood preservative in the United States. The first generation of replacement preservatives,...

A 10-KILOWATT, RANKINE CYCLE, WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION MODULE UTILIZING ULTRA MICRO TURBO-ALTERNATORS - PHASE II

EPA Science Inventory

In 2011, there were 60,000 dairy farms in the United States. Of these, 56,600 had herds of fewer than 500 animals. Currently, manure digester installations are only considered economical for herds of at least 500 animals. These require turbine or diesel generator sets of 10...

Measurement of moisture in smoldering smoke and implications for fog

Treesearch

Gary L. Achtemeier

2006-01-01

Smoke from wildland burning in association with fog has been implicated as a visibility hazard over roadways in the southern United States. A project began in 2002 to determine whether moisture released during the smoldering phases of southern prescribed burns could contribute to fog formation. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken from 27...

Historical open forest ecosystems in the Missouri Ozarks: reconstruction and restoration targets

Treesearch

Brice B. Hanberry; D. Todd Jones-Farrand; John M. Kabrick

2014-01-01

Current forests no longer resemble historical open forest ecosystems in the eastern United States. In the absence of representative forest ecosystems under a continuous surface fire regime at a large scale, reconstruction of historical landscapes can provide a reference for restoration efforts. For initial expert-assigned vegetation phases ranging from prairie to...

Research to guide trail management at Acadia National Park, Maine

Treesearch

Kelly Goonan; Robert Manning; William Valliere

2009-01-01

Acadia National Park, Maine, is the tenth most-visited national park in the United States. Managers face the challenge of protecting the park's trail system from damage while maintaining a high quality recreation experience. For this study, an initial phase of research was conducted to identify potential indicators of quality for trail resources and the visitor...

Hospital Schools in the United States. Bulletin, 1938, No. 17

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matheison, Clele Lee

1939-01-01

Among the exceptional children for whom special educational facilities are essential are those who must spend weeks or months or years in a hospital or a sanatorium. Many of these children, while undergoing physical treatment, can very profitably engage in school work. Comparatively little has been written about this phase of educational activity,…

IRS Releases Tax Questionnaire that Asks Colleges to Disclose More

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelderman, Eric

2008-01-01

Nearly 400 colleges across the United States are about to be asked to disclose intimate financial details of their operations to the Internal Revenue Service. This article reports on a highly detailed financial questionnaire designed by the IRS for the first phase of its Colleges and Universities Compliance Project, which is part of a continuing…

Insider Perspectives on Mentoring Teachers of Students with Complex Disabilities: A New Zealand Story

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Phyllis; de Kock, Jill; Charles, Devs; Jourdan, Neil; Copeland, Sarah; Willis, Sheryl

2015-01-01

This article shares a school based inquiry project undertaken by staff in a special day school in the North Island of New Zealand supported by an external teacher educator/researcher from the United States. The inquiry project followed the Accessible Research Cycle (Jones, Whitehurst, & Egerton, 2012), which is a phased progression of…

Elder Abuse Prevention Project - Phase I. Literature Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Draper, Lori; And Others

This document summarizes information on elder abuse collected from various sources in Canada and the United States. It is noted that document entries are often representative of more than one source, and have been selected as each adds something new and valuable to the overall research on elder abuse. An attempt has been made to choose information…

Suicide Prevention: Efforts To Increase Research and Education in Palliative Care. Report to Congressional Requesters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Human Services Div.

Currently, the extent of palliative care instruction varies considerably across and within the three major phases of the physician education and training process. This analysis of current educational efforts in palliative care is based on information obtained from a survey conducted of all United States medical schools, surveys conducted on United…

Investigations on Local Seismic Phases and Modeling of Seismic Signals

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-31

basement is 1 km. The water table, wt , is from Doty and Thordarson (1983). It separates the dry, DT, and the wet, WT, tuff levels. Above these volcanic...regional variations of t*(f) in the United States. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 82 , 125-140 Doty, G. C. and W. Thordarson , 1983. Water table in rocks of

Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hay, Lauren E.; Markstrom, Steven; Ward-Garrison, Christian D.

2011-01-01

The hydrologic response of different climate-change emission scenarios for the twenty-first century were evaluated in 14 basins from different hydroclimatic regions across the United States using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a process-based, distributed-parameter watershed model. This study involves four major steps: 1) setup and calibration of the PRMS model in 14 basins across the United States by local U.S. Geological Survey personnel; 2) statistical downscaling of the World Climate Research Programme’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 climate-change emission scenarios to create PRMS input files that reflect these emission scenarios; 3) run PRMS for the climate-change emission scenarios for the 14 basins; and 4) evaluation of the PRMS output.This paper presents an overview of this project, details of the methodology, results from the 14 basin simulations, and interpretation of these results. A key finding is that the hydrological response of the different geographical regions of the United States to potential climate change may be very different, depending on the dominant physical processes of that particular region. Also considered is the tremendous amount of uncertainty present in the climate emission scenarios and how this uncertainty propagates through the hydrologic simulations. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned and potential for future work.

[Management of crizotinib, a new individualized treatment].

PubMed

Fallet, Vincent; Toper, Cécile; Antoine, Martine; Cadranel, Jacques; Wislez, Marie

2012-01-01

Crizotinib, an inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), achieves response rates of 57 % at eight weeks in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangements. With such results, the crizotinib followed an accelerated procedure in the United States and obtained the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval based on the results of phase I studies. The results should be confirmed with one phase II study and two phase III studies in patients with ALK rearrangements. In France, the Commission of Authorization for Marketing has granted an Authorization of Temporary Use (ATU) for cohort on the 15 December 2011 to allow its administration in patients before marketing authorization.

Phase state of ambient aerosol linked with water uptake and chemical aging in the southeastern US

DOE PAGES

Pajunoja, Aki; Hu, Weiwei; Leong, Yu J.; ...

2016-09-09

During the summer 2013 Southern Aerosol and Oxidant Study (SOAS) field campaign in a rural site in the southeastern United States, the effect of hygroscopicity and composition on the phase state of atmospheric aerosol particles dominated by the organic fraction was studied. The analysis is based on hygroscopicity measurements by a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA), physical phase state investigations by an Aerosol Bounce Instrument (ABI) and composition measurements using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). To study the effect of atmospheric aging on these properties, an OH-radical oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was used to simulate longer atmosphericmore » aging times of up to 3 weeks. Hygroscopicity and bounce behavior of the particles had a clear relationship showing higher bounce at elevated relative humidity (RH) values for less hygroscopic particles, which agrees well with earlier laboratory studies. Additional OH oxidation of the aerosol particles in the OFR increased the O:C and the hygroscopicity resulting in liquefying of the particles at lower RH values. At the highest OH exposures, the inorganic fraction starts to dominate the bounce process due to production of inorganics and concurrent loss of organics in the OFR. Our results indicate that at typical ambient RH and temperature, organic-dominated particles stay mostly liquid in the atmospheric conditions in the southeastern US, but they often turn semisolid when dried below ~50 % RH in the sampling inlets. Furthermore, while the liquid phase state suggests solution behavior and equilibrium partitioning for the SOA particles in ambient air, the possible phase change in the drying process highlights the importance of thoroughly considered sampling techniques of SOA particles.« less

Phase state of ambient aerosol linked with water uptake and chemical aging in the southeastern US

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pajunoja, Aki; Hu, Weiwei; Leong, Yu J.

During the summer 2013 Southern Aerosol and Oxidant Study (SOAS) field campaign in a rural site in the southeastern United States, the effect of hygroscopicity and composition on the phase state of atmospheric aerosol particles dominated by the organic fraction was studied. The analysis is based on hygroscopicity measurements by a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA), physical phase state investigations by an Aerosol Bounce Instrument (ABI) and composition measurements using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). To study the effect of atmospheric aging on these properties, an OH-radical oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was used to simulate longer atmosphericmore » aging times of up to 3 weeks. Hygroscopicity and bounce behavior of the particles had a clear relationship showing higher bounce at elevated relative humidity (RH) values for less hygroscopic particles, which agrees well with earlier laboratory studies. Additional OH oxidation of the aerosol particles in the OFR increased the O:C and the hygroscopicity resulting in liquefying of the particles at lower RH values. At the highest OH exposures, the inorganic fraction starts to dominate the bounce process due to production of inorganics and concurrent loss of organics in the OFR. Our results indicate that at typical ambient RH and temperature, organic-dominated particles stay mostly liquid in the atmospheric conditions in the southeastern US, but they often turn semisolid when dried below ~50 % RH in the sampling inlets. Furthermore, while the liquid phase state suggests solution behavior and equilibrium partitioning for the SOA particles in ambient air, the possible phase change in the drying process highlights the importance of thoroughly considered sampling techniques of SOA particles.« less

Thermodynamic stability of boron: the role of defects and zero point motion.

PubMed

van Setten, Michiel J; Uijttewaal, Matthé A; de Wijs, Gilles A; de Groot, Robert A

2007-03-07

Its low weight, high melting point, and large degree of hardness make elemental boron a technologically interesting material. The large number of allotropes, mostly containing over a hundred atoms in the unit cell, and their difficult characterization challenge both experimentalists and theoreticians. Even the ground state of this element is still under discussion. For over 30 years, scientists have attempted to determine the relative stability of alpha- and beta-rhombohedral boron. We use density functional calculations in the generalized gradient approximation to study a broad range of possible beta-rhombohedral structures containing interstitial atoms and partially occupied sites within a 105 atoms framework. The two most stable structures are practically degenerate in energy and semiconducting. One contains the experimental 320 atoms in the hexagonal unit cell, and the other contains 106 atoms in the triclinic unit cell. When populated with the experimental 320 electrons, the 106 atom structure exhibits a band gap of 1.4 eV and an in-gap hole trap at 0.35 eV above the valence band, consistent with known experiments. The total energy of these two structures is 23 meV/B lower than the original 105 atom framework, but it is still 1 meV/B above the alpha phase. Adding zero point energies finally makes the beta phase the ground state of elemental boron by 3 meV/B. At finite temperatures, the difference becomes even larger.

Ground-state properties of Na2IrO3 determined from an ab initio Hamiltonian and its extensions containing Kitaev and extended Heisenberg interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okubo, Tsuyoshi; Shinjo, Kazuya; Yamaji, Youhei; Kawashima, Naoki; Sota, Shigetoshi; Tohyama, Takami; Imada, Masatoshi

2017-08-01

We investigate the ground state properties of Na2IrO3 based on numerical calculations of the recently proposed ab initio Hamiltonian represented by Kitaev and extended Heisenberg interactions. To overcome the limitation posed by small tractable system sizes in the exact diagonalization study employed in a previous study [Y. Yamaji et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 107201 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.107201], we apply a two-dimensional density matrix renormalization group and an infinite-size tensor-network method. By calculating at much larger system sizes, we critically test the validity of the exact diagonalization results. The results consistently indicate that the ground state of Na2IrO3 is a magnetically ordered state with zigzag configuration in agreement with experimental observations and the previous diagonalization study. Applications of the two independent methods in addition to the exact diagonalization study further uncover a consistent and rich phase diagram near the zigzag phase beyond the accessibility of the exact diagonalization. For example, in the parameter space away from the ab initio value of Na2IrO3 controlled by the trigonal distortion, we find three phases: (i) an ordered phase with the magnetic moment aligned mutually in 120 degrees orientation on every third hexagon, (ii) a magnetically ordered phase with a 16-site unit cell, and (iii) an ordered phase with presumably incommensurate periodicity of the moment. It suggests that potentially rich magnetic structures may appear in A2IrO3 compounds for A other than Na. The present results also serve to establish the accuracy of the first-principles approach in reproducing the available experimental results thereby further contributing to finding a route to realize the Kitaev spin liquid.

Optical Interface States Protected by Synthetic Weyl Points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Qiang; Xiao, Meng; Liu, Hui; Zhu, Shining; Chan, C. T.

2017-07-01

Weyl fermions have not been found in nature as elementary particles, but they emerge as nodal points in the band structure of electronic and classical wave crystals. Novel phenomena such as Fermi arcs and chiral anomaly have fueled the interest in these topological points which are frequently perceived as monopoles in momentum space. Here, we report the experimental observation of generalized optical Weyl points inside the parameter space of a photonic crystal with a specially designed four-layer unit cell. The reflection at the surface of a truncated photonic crystal exhibits phase vortexes due to the synthetic Weyl points, which in turn guarantees the existence of interface states between photonic crystals and any reflecting substrates. The reflection phase vortexes have been confirmed for the first time in our experiments, which serve as an experimental signature of the generalized Weyl points. The existence of these interface states is protected by the topological properties of the Weyl points, and the trajectories of these states in the parameter space resembles those of Weyl semimetal "Fermi arc surface states" in momentum space. Tracing the origin of interface states to the topological character of the parameter space paves the way for a rational design of strongly localized states with enhanced local field.

Composite boson mapping for lattice boson systems.

PubMed

Huerga, Daniel; Dukelsky, Jorge; Scuseria, Gustavo E

2013-07-26

We present a canonical mapping transforming physical boson operators into quadratic products of cluster composite bosons that preserves matrix elements of operators when a physical constraint is enforced. We map the 2D lattice Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian into 2×2 composite bosons and solve it within a generalized Hartree-Bogoliubov approximation. The resulting Mott insulator-superfluid phase diagram reproduces well quantum Monte Carlo results. The Higgs boson behavior in the superfluid phase along the unit density line is unraveled and in remarkable agreement with experiments. Results for the properties of the ground and excited states are competitive with other state-of-the-art approaches, but at a fraction of their computational cost. The composite boson mapping here introduced can be readily applied to frustrated many-body systems where most methodologies face significant hurdles.

Optical reversible programmable Boolean logic unit.

PubMed

Chattopadhyay, Tanay

2012-07-20

Computing with reversibility is the only way to avoid dissipation of energy associated with bit erase. So, a reversible microprocessor is required for future computing. In this paper, a design of a simple all-optical reversible programmable processor is proposed using a polarizing beam splitter, liquid crystal-phase spatial light modulators, a half-wave plate, and plane mirrors. This circuit can perform 16 logical operations according to three programming inputs. Also, inputs can be easily recovered from the outputs. It is named the "reversible programmable Boolean logic unit (RPBLU)." The logic unit is the basic building block of many complex computational operations. Hence the design is important in sense. Two orthogonally polarized lights are defined here as two logical states, respectively.

Bringing Science to Life for Students, Teachers and the Community

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pratt, Kimberly

2010-05-01

Prior to 2008, 5th grade students at two schools of the New Haven Unified School District consistently scored in the bottom 20% of the California State Standards Test for science. Teachers in the upper grades reported not spending enough time teaching science, which is attributed to lack of time, resources or knowledge of science. A proposal was written to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Bay Watershed Education Grant program and funding was received for Bringing Science to Life for Students, Teachers and the Community to address these concerns and instill a sense of stewardship in our students. This program engages and energizes students in learning science and the protection of the SF Bay Watershed, provides staff development for teachers, and educates the community about conservation of our local watershed. The project includes a preparation phase, outdoor phase, an analysis and reporting phase, and teacher training and consists of two complete units: 1) The San Francisco Bay Watershed Unit and 2) the Marine Environment Unit. At the end of the three-year program, teachers were teaching more science, the community was engaged in conservation of the San Francisco Bay Watershed and most importantly, student scores increased on the California Science Test at one site by over 70% and another site by 120%.

Unusually large unit cell of lipid bicontinuous cubic phase: towards nature's length scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hojun; Leal, Cecilia

Lipid bicontinuous cubic phases are of great interest for drug delivery, protein crystallization, biosensing, and templates for directing hard material assembly. Structural modulations of lipid mesophases regarding phase identity and unit cell size are often necessary to augment loading and gain pore size control. One important example is the need for unit cells large enough to guide the crystallization of bigger proteins without distortion of the templating phase. In nature, bicontinuous cubic constructs achieve unit cell dimensions as high as 300 nm. However, the largest unit cell of lipid mesophases synthesized in the lab is an order of magnitude lower. In fact, it has been predicted theoretically that lipid bicontinuous cubic phases of unit cell dimensions exceeding 30 nm could not exist, as high membrane fluctuations would damp liquid crystalline order. Here we report non-equilibrium assembly methods of synthesizing metastable bicontinuous cubic phases with unit cell dimensions as high as 70 nm. The phases are stable for very long periods and become increasingly ordered as time goes by without changes to unit cell dimensions. We acknowledge the funding source as a NIH.

Geologic map of the Calamity Mesa quadrangle, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cater, Fred W.

1955-01-01

The series of Geologic Quadrangle Maps of the United States continues the series of quadrangle maps begun with the folios of the Geologic Atlas of the United States, which were published from 1894 to 1945. The present series consists of geologic maps, supplemented where possible by structure sections, columnar sections, and other graphic means of presenting geologic data, and accompanied by a brief explanatory text to make the maps useful for general scientific and economic purposes. Full description and interpretation of the geology of the areas shown on these maps are reserved for publication in other channels, such as the Bulletins and Professional Papers of the Geological Survey. Separate maps of the same areas, covering bedrock, surficial, engineering, and other phases of geology, may be published in the geologic quadrangle map series. 

Diagnostic specificity of the African swine fever virus antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in feral and domestic pigs in the United States.

PubMed

Bergeron, H C; Glas, P S; Schumann, K R

2017-12-01

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious haemorrhagic disease of pigs that has the potential to cause mortality nearing 100% in naïve animals. While an outbreak of ASF in the United States' pig population (domestic and feral) has never been reported, an introduction of the disease has the potential to cause devastation to the pork industry and food security. During the recovery phase of an outbreak, an antibody detection diagnostic assay would be required to prove freedom of disease within the previously infected zone and eventually nationwide. Animals surviving an ASF infection would be considered carriers and could be identified through the persistence of ASF viral antibodies. These antibodies would demonstrate exposure to the disease and not vaccination, as there is no ASF vaccine available. A well-established commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antibodies against ASF virus (ASFV), but the diagnostic specificity of the assay had not been determined using serum samples from the pig population of the United States. This study describes an evaluation of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-recommended Ingezim PPA COMPAC ELISA using a comprehensive cohort (n = 1791) of samples collected in the United States. The diagnostic specificity of the assay was determined to be 99.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): [98.9, 99.7]). The result of this study fills a gap in understanding the performance of the Ingezim PPA COMPAC ELISA in the ASF naïve pig population of the United States. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Intrinsic crystal phase separation in the antiferromagnetic superconductor Rb(y)Fe(2-x)Se2: a diffraction study.

PubMed

Yu Pomjakushin, V; Krzton-Maziopa, A; Pomjakushina, E V; Conder, K; Chernyshov, D; Svitlyk, V; Bosak, A

2012-10-31

The crystal and magnetic structures of the superconducting iron-based chalcogenides Rb(y)Fe(2-x)Se(2) have been studied by means of single-crystal synchrotron x-ray and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction in the temperature range 2-570 K. The ground state of the crystal is an intrinsically phase-separated state with two distinct-by-symmetry phases. The main phase has the iron vacancy ordered √5 × √5 superstructure (I4/m space group) with AFM ordered Fe spins. The minority phase does not have √5 × √5-type of ordering and has a smaller in-plane lattice constant a and larger tetragonal c-axis and can be well described by assuming the parent average vacancy disordered structure (I4/mmm space group) with the refined stoichiometry Rb(0.60(5))(Fe(1.10(5))Se)(2). The minority phase amounts to 8-10% mass fraction. The unit cell volume of the minority phase is 3.2% smaller than the one of the main phase at T = 2 K and has quite different temperature dependence. The minority phase merges with the main vacancy ordered phase on heating above the phase separation temperature T(P) = 475 K. The spatial dimensions of the phase domains strongly increase above T(P) from 1000 to >2500 Å due to the integration of the regions of the main phase that were separated by the second phase at low temperatures. Additional annealing of the crystals at a temperature T = 488 K, close to T(P), for a long time drastically reduces the amount of the minority phase.

Neural basis for eye velocity generation in the vestibular nuclei of alert monkeys during off-vertical axis rotation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reisine, H.; Raphan, T.; Cohen, B. (Principal Investigator)

1992-01-01

Activity of "vestibular only" (VO) and "vestibular plus saccade" (VPS) units was recorded in the rostral part of the medial vestibular nucleus and caudal part of the superior vestibular nucleus of alert rhesus monkeys. By estimating the "null axes" of recorded units (n = 79), the optimal plane of activation was approximately the mean plane of reciprocal semicircular canals, i.e., lateral canals, left anterior-right posterior (LARP) canals or right anterior-left posterior (RALP) canals. All units were excited by rotation in a direction that excited a corresponding ipsilateral semicircular canal. Thus, they all displayed a "type I" response. With the animal upright, there were rapid changes in firing rates of both VO and VPS units in response to steps of angular velocity about a vertical axis. The units were bidirectionally activated during vestibular nystagmus (VN), horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) and off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR). The rising and falling time constants of the responses to rotation indicated that they were closely linked to velocity storage. There were differences between VPS and VO neurons in that activity of VO units followed the expected time course in response to a stimulus even during periods of drowsiness, when eye velocity was reduced. Firing rates of VPS units, on the other hand, were significantly reduced in the drowsy state. Lateral canal-related units had average firing rates that were linearly related to the bias or steady state level of horizontal eye velocity during OVAR over a range of +/- 60 deg/s. These units could be further divided into two classes according to whether they were modulated during OVAR. Non-modulated units (n = 5) were VO types and all modulated units (n = 5) were VPS types. There was no significant difference between the bias level sensitivities relative to eye velocity of the units with and without modulation (P > 0.05). The modulated units had no sustained change in firing rate in response to static head tilts and their phases relative to head position varied from unit to unit. The phase did not appear to be linked to the modulation of horizontal eye velocity during OVAR. The sensitivities of unit activity to eye velocity were similar during all stimulus modalities despite the different gains of eye velocity vs stimulus velocity during VN, OKN and OVAR. Therefore, VO and VPS units are likely to carry an eye velocity signal related to velocity storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).

Current practices in library/informatics instruction in academic libraries serving medical schools in the Western United States: a three-phase action research study.

PubMed

Eldredge, Jonathan D; Heskett, Karen M; Henner, Terry; Tan, Josephine P

2013-09-04

To conduct a systematic assessment of library and informatics training at accredited Western U.S. medical schools. To provide a structured description of core practices, detect trends through comparisons across institutions, and to identify innovative training approaches at the medical schools. Action research study pursued through three phases. The first phase used inductive analysis on reported library and informatics skills training via publicly-facing websites at accredited medical schools and the academic health sciences libraries serving those medical schools. Phase Two consisted of a survey of the librarians who provide this training to undergraduate medical education students at the Western U.S. medical schools. The survey revealed gaps in forming a complete picture of current practices, thereby generating additional questions that were answered through the Phase Three in-depth interviews. Publicly-facing websites reviewed in Phase One offered uneven information about library and informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. The Phase Two survey resulted in a 77% response rate. The survey produced a clearer picture of current practices of library and informatics training. The survey also determined the readiness of medical students to pass certain aspects of the United States Medical Licensure Exam. Most librarians interacted with medical school curricular leaders through either curricula committees or through individual contacts. Librarians averaged three (3) interventions for training within the four-year curricula with greatest emphasis upon the first and third years. Library/informatics training was integrated fully into the respective curricula in almost all cases. Most training involved active learning approaches, specifically within Problem-Based Learning or Evidence-Based Medicine contexts. The Phase Three interviews revealed that librarians are engaged with the medical schools' curricular leaders, they are respected for their knowledge and teaching skills, and that they need to continually adapt to changes in curricula. This study offers a long overdue, systematic view of current practices of library/informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. Medical educators, particularly curricular leaders, will find opportunities in this study's results for more productive collaborations with the librarians responsible for library and informatics training at their medical schools.

From bedside to classroom: the nurse educator transition model.

PubMed

Schoening, Anne M

2013-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative study was to generate a theoretical model that describes the social process that occurs during the role transition from nurse to nurse educator. Recruitment and retention of qualified nurse educators is essential in order to remedy the current staff nurse and faculty shortage in the United States, yet nursing schools face many challenges in this area. This grounded theory study utilized purposive, theoretical sampling to identify 20 nurse educators teaching in baccalaureate nursing programs in the Midwest. The Nurse Educator Transition (NET) model was created from these data.This model identifies four phases in the role transition from nurse to nurse educator: a) the Anticipatory/Expectation Phase, b) the Disorientation Phase, c) the Information-Seeking Phase, and d) the Identity Formation Phase. Recommendations include integrating formal pedagogical education into nursing graduate programs and creating evidence-based orientation and mentoring programs for novice nurse faculty.

Low temperature and high pressure thermoelastic and crystallographic properties of SrZrO3 perovskite in the Pbnm phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knight, Kevin S.; Bull, Craig L.

2016-12-01

The thermoelastic and structural properties of SrZrO3 perovskite in the Pnma (Pbnm) phase have been studied using neutron powder diffraction at 82 temperatures between 11 K and 406 K at ambient pressure, and at sixteen pressures between 0.07 and 6.7 GPa at ambient temperature. The bulk modulus, derived by fitting the equation of state to a second order Birch-Murnaghan equation-of-state, 157(5) GPa, is in excellent agreement with that deduced in a recent resonant ultrasound investigation. Experimental axial compressional moduli are in agreement with those calculated from the elastic stiffness coefficients derived by ab-initio calculation, although the experimental bulk modulus is significantly softer than that calculated. Following low temperature saturation for temperatures less than 40 K, the unit cell monotonically increases with a predicted high temperature limit in the volume expansivity of ∼2.65 × 10-5 K-1. Axial linear thermal expansion coefficients are found to be in the order αb < αc < αa for all temperatures greater than 20 K with the b axis indicating a weak, low temperature negative expansion coefficient at low temperatures. The thermoelastic properties of SrZrO3 can be approximated by a two-term Debye model for the phonon density of states with Debye temperatures of 238(4) K and 713(6) K derived in a self-consistent manner by simultaneously fitting the isochoric heat capacity and the unit cell volume. Atomic displacement parameters have been fitted to a modified Debye model in which the zero-point term is an additional refinable variable and shows the cations and anions have well separated Debye temperatures, mirroring the need for two Debye-like distributions in the vibrational density of states. The temperature dependence of the crystal structure is presented in terms of the amplitudes of the seven symmetry-adapted basis vectors of the aristotype phase that are consistent with space group Pbnm, thus permitting a direct measure of the order parameter evolution in SrZrO3. The temperature variation of the in-phase tilt, which is lost at the phase transition at 973 K, is consistent with tricritical behaviour, in agreement with published results based on high temperature crystallographic data.

Identification of Information Needs of the American Indian Community That Can Be Met by Library Services. Phase IV. Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townley, Charles T.

Under a grant from the Bureau of Libraries and Learning Resources of the United States Office of Education, the National Indian Education Association (NIEA) implemented a Library Project to identify library and information needs of Indian people and to establish, operate, and evaluate three demonstration sites. During this reporting period,…

106 17 Telemetry Standards Chapter 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-31

high frequency STC space -time code SOQPSK shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying UHF ultra- high frequency US&P United States...and Possessions VCO voltage-controlled oscillator VHF very- high frequency WCS Wireless Communication Service Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard...get interference. a. Telemetry Bands Air and space -to-ground telemetering is allocated in the ultra- high frequency (UHF) bands 1435 to 1535, 2200

Challenges of T3 and T4 Translational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vukotich, Charles J., Jr.

2016-01-01

Translational research is a new and important way of thinking about research. It is a major priority of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. NIH has created the Clinical and Translational Science Awards to promote this priority. NIH has defined T1 and T2 phases of translational research in the medical field, in order to…

PRODUCTS OF THE GAS-PHASE REACTIONS OF 1,3-BUTADIENE WITH OH AND NO3 RADICALS. (R825252)

EPA Science Inventory

1,3-Butadiene is emitted into the atmosphere from a number of sources
including combustion sources and is listed in the United States as a hazardous
air pollutant. In the atmosphere, 1,3-butadiene reacts with OH radicals,
NO₃ radicals, and O₃ ...

Effects of global climate change on biodiversity in forests of the Southern United States

Treesearch

Margaret S. Devall; Bernard R. Parresol

1998-01-01

Climate has not been stable in the past. Fluctuations of pine (Pinus) pollen in a 50,000-year sequence from Lake Tulane in Florida indicate that major vegetation shifts occurred during the last glacial cycle. Phases of pollen dominated by pine (indicating a wet climate) were interspersed with periods with plentiful oak (Quercus), ragweed, and marsh elder (...

Semiconducter Optical Amplifier as a Phase Modulator for Coherent Laser Radar (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY SENSORS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OH 45433-7320 AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND UNITED STATES... AIR FORCE NOTICE AND SIGNATURE PAGE Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any purpose other...NUMBER Multispectral Sensing and Detection Division LADAR Technology Branch (AFRL/RYMM) Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate Wright

An Evaluation of Alternative Insecticides to Diazinon for Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Soil

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Diazinon has been used extensively in the past as part of California eradication programs for tephritid fruit flies, but is being phased out for this purpose in the United States. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of Platinum®, Force®, Admire®, Regent®, and Warrior® was estimated after applica...

The Origins and Development of the National Training Center, 1976-1984. TRADOC Historical Monograph Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Anne W.

Focusing on the development of the United States Army's National Training Center (NTC) from conceptualization and initial implementation in 1981 to the end of the first phase of development in 1984, this monograph provides a documented historical analysis of how and why the landmark event in army training was launched and examines attendant policy…

Trauma.

PubMed

Bonatti, Hugo; Calland, James Forrest

2008-08-01

In terms of cost and years of potential lives lost, injury arguably remains the most important public health problem facing the United States. Care of traumatically injured patients depends on early surgical intervention and avoiding delays in the diagnosis of injuries that threaten life and limb. In the critical care phase, successful outcomes after injury depend almost solely on diligence, attention to detail, and surveillance for iatrogenic infections and complications.

Emission and soil distribution of fumigants in forest tree nurseries

Treesearch

Dong Wang; Jennifer Juzwik; Stephen Fraedrich

2005-01-01

Production of tree seedlings in the majority of forest nurseries in the USA has relied on soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr) to control soil-borne plant pathogens, weeds, parasitic nematodes and insects. Since the announcement of the scheduled MeBr phase-out, a number of nurseries throughout the United States have participated in research programs on MeBr...

Inquiry, Argumentation, and the Phases of the Moon: Helping Students Learn Important Concepts and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Cady B.; Sampson, Victor

2009-01-01

An important goal of the current reform movement in science education is to promote scientific literacy in the United States, and scientific inquiry is at its heart. However, the National Science Education Standards clearly indicate that to promote inquiry, more emphasis should be placed on "science as argument and explanation" rather than on…

Description of an establishment event by the invasive Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) in a suburban landscape in the northeastern United States

Treesearch

Helen Hull-Sanders; Eugene Pepper; Kevin Davis; Robert Talbot Trotter, III; Daniel Doucet

2017-01-01

The establishment of non-native species is commonly described as occurring in three phases: arrival, establishment, and dispersal. Both arrival and dispersal by the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), a xylophagous Cerambycid native to China and the Korean peninsula, has been documented for multiple locations in both...

Pulpwood resources of western Oregon and western Washington (from inventory and growth phase of forest survey).

Treesearch

H.J. Andrews; R.W. Cowlin; F.L. Moravets; W.H. Meyer

1935-01-01

Increasing attention is being given to the possibility of making the United States permanently self sufficient in its paper, pulp, and pulpwood requirements. A steady increase in consumption of paper and other wood-cellulose products, accompanied by a corresponding increase in imports of paper, pulp, and pulpwood, has aroused considerable interest in the quantity of...

Update on soil fumigation: MBr alternatives and reregistration decisions

Treesearch

Scott A. Enebak

2011-01-01

This article gives a brief history of the importance of methyl bromide in the production of forest seedlings in the southern United States and the timeline for the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act to phase out ozone-depleting compounds. In addition, the process, steps, and potential for continued MBr use under the Critical Use Exemption and Quarantine Pre-shipment...

Formative Experiences of Environmental Educators: Overview and Comparison of Empirical Research in Two Nations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Joy A.; And Others

1996-01-01

Reports on a new phase in the research project, Development of Concern for the Environment and Formative Experiences of Educators, which involves the comparison of data in the United States and Great Britain. Compares practical activities engaged in by the respondents, by gender and age group, and important influences contributing to a concern for…

A Meta-Analysis of National Research: Effects of Teaching Strategies on Student Achievement in Science in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schroeder, Carolyn M.; Scott, Timothy P.; Tolson, Homer; Huang, Tse-Yang; Lee, Yi-Hsuan

2007-01-01

This project consisted of a meta-analysis of U.S. research published from 1980 to 2004 on the effect of specific science teaching strategies on student achievement. The six phases of the project included study acquisition, study coding, determination of intercoder objectivity, establishing criteria for inclusion of studies, computation of effect…

Schooling for the Future in United States of America: Educational Policy at the Crossroads

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cogan, John J.

2004-01-01

A purposive sample of 10 senior educational policy leaders was interviewed for this Phase 2 of the study from across the US. Interview participants argued the need for: (1) more clearly defining the purpose and value of public education to the communities served; (2) the development of new stakeholder partnerships to accomplish this end; (3)…

Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms.

PubMed

Li, Lianlin; Jun Cui, Tie; Ji, Wei; Liu, Shuo; Ding, Jun; Wan, Xiang; Bo Li, Yun; Jiang, Menghua; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Zhang, Shuang

2017-08-04

Metasurfaces have enabled a plethora of emerging functions within an ultrathin dimension, paving way towards flat and highly integrated photonic devices. Despite the rapid progress in this area, simultaneous realization of reconfigurability, high efficiency, and full control over the phase and amplitude of scattered light is posing a great challenge. Here, we try to tackle this challenge by introducing the concept of a reprogrammable hologram based on 1-bit coding metasurfaces. The state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched between '1' and '0' by electrically controlling the loaded diodes. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that multiple desired holographic images can be realized in real time with only a single coding metasurface. The proposed reprogrammable hologram may be a key in enabling future intelligent devices with reconfigurable and programmable functionalities that may lead to advances in a variety of applications such as microscopy, display, security, data storage, and information processing.Realizing metasurfaces with reconfigurability, high efficiency, and control over phase and amplitude is a challenge. Here, Li et al. introduce a reprogrammable hologram based on a 1-bit coding metasurface, where the state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched electrically.

Review of ongoing clinical trials in non-small-cell lung cancer: a status report for 2012 from the ClinicalTrials.gov Web site.

PubMed

Subramanian, Janakiraman; Regenbogen, Thomas; Nagaraj, Gayathri; Lane, Alex; Devarakonda, Siddhartha; Zhou, Gongfu; Govindan, Ramaswamy

2013-07-01

Clinical research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rapidly evolving field. In an effort to identify the current trends in lung cancer clinical research, we reviewed ongoing clinical trials in NSCLC listed in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry in 2012, and we also compared this data to a similar survey conducted by us in 2009. The Web site's advanced search function was used to search for the term "non-small cell lung cancer." The search was further refined by using the following options from the search page drop-down menu, "open studies" and "interventional." Studies with non-NSCLC tumor histologies and pediatric studies were excluded. Of the 477 trials included in the analysis, 105 (22.0%) were phase I, 223 phase II (46.8%), and 63 phase III trials (13.2%). When compared with data from 2009, university-sponsored trials decreased in number (45.4%-34.2%; p < 0.001) whereas industry-sponsored trials remained almost the same. There was a significant increase in trials conducted exclusively outside of the United States (35.9%-48.8%; p = 0.001). The number of studies with locations in China (61, 12.8%) was second only to that in the United States (244, 51.2%). Studies reporting biomarker analysis increased significantly from 37.5% to 49.1% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Biomarker-based patient selection also increased significantly from 7.9% to 25.8% (p < 0.001). Targeted therapies were evaluated in 70.6% of phase I/II and II trials, and the most common class of targeted agent studied was epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (38.0%). Prespecified accrual times were observed to increase when compared with data reported in 2009, especially among industry-sponsored studies. Our survey identified major changes in lung cancer clinical research since 2009. Almost half of all studies registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov Web site are being conducted outside the United States, and several novel molecularly targeted agents are being evaluated in the treatment of patients with NSCLC. More importantly, we identified a threefold increase in the number of studies that perform biomarker testing to determine patient selection over the last 3 years.

LACIE analyst interpretation keys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baron, J. G.; Payne, R. W.; Palmer, W. F. (Principal Investigator)

1979-01-01

Two interpretation aids, 'The Image Analysis Guide for Wheat/Small Grains Inventories' and 'The United States and Canadian Great Plains Regional Keys', were developed during LACIE phase 2 and implemented during phase 3 in order to provide analysts with a better understanding of the expected ranges in color variation of signatures for individual biostages and of the temporal sequences of LANDSAT signatures. The keys were tested using operational LACIE data, and the results demonstrate that their use provides improved labeling accuracy in all analyst experience groupings, in all geographic areas within the U.S. Great Plains, and during all periods of crop development.

American Society of Clinical Oncology 2012 Annual Meeting: highlights from the gynecologic oncology track.

PubMed

Tewari, Krishnansu S

2012-11-01

The 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) was held in Chicago, June 1-5, 2011, and brought together more than 25,000 oncology professionals from a broad range of specialties to explore the theme, "Collaborating to Conquer Cancer". The Gynecologic Oncology Track had a strong international presence, with important clinical trials being presented from Japan, Germany, Norway, the United States, and others. This meeting report will highlight several phase 3 and phase 2 clinical trials as well as notable translational research endeavors and other selected abstracts.

Development of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for the Traction Purpose of the Gauge Changing Train

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondo, Keiichiro; Hata, Hiroshi; Yuki, Kazuaki; Naganuma, Katsunori; Matsuoka, Koichi; Hasebe, Toshio

This paper is aimed at providing the designing method of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system for the high-speed and the single-phase AC powered Gauge Changing Train (GCT). The state-of-the-art electrical motive unit is equipped with downsized direct drive type PMSMs for the simplified gauge changeable truck. Due to the feeding the AC single phase power, we propose a beat-less control for PMSMs. We verify the development results of designing procedures by the experimental results of operation on a high-speed test line in Colorado, USA.

Pb isotope signatures in the North Atlantic: initial results from the U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noble, A.; Echegoyen-Sanz, Y.; Boyle, E. A.

2012-12-01

This study presents Pb isotope data from the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (US-GT-NAT) sampled during two cruises that took place during Fall 2010 and 2011. Almost all of the Pb in the modern ocean is derived from anthropogenic sources, and the North Atlantic has received major Pb inputs from the United States and Europe due to emissions from leaded gasoline and high temperature industrial processes. During the past three decades, Pb fluxes to the North Atlantic have decreased following the phasing out of leaded gasoline in the United States and Europe. Following the concentrations and isotope ratios of Pb in this basin over time reveals the temporal evolution of Pb in this highly-affected basin. The Pb isotope signatures reflect the relative importance of changing inputs from the United States and Europe as leaded gasoline was phased out faster in the United States relative to Europe. In the western North Atlantic, a shallow (~100-200m) low Pb-206/Pb-207 ratio feature was observed near the Subtropical Underwater salinity peak at many stations across the transect, coincident with shallow subsurface maxima in Pb concentration. This water mass originates from high-salinity surface water near 25°N (Defant), which is in the belt of European-Pb-gas-contaminated African aerosols, which we confirmed by Pb-206/Pb-207 ~ 1.17 from upper ocean samples from US-GT-NAT station 18 (23.24degN,38.04degW). At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge station, Pb scavenging onto iron oxides and sulfide was observed by a decrease in Pb concentrations within the TAG hydrothermal plume, although the isotopic signature within the plume was slightly (~3 permil) lower than the surrounding waters possibly indicating a small contribution of hydrothermal Pb or preferential uptake of the lighter isotope. In the Mediteranean Outflow plume near Lisbon, Pb-206/Pb-207 (~1.178) is also strongly influenced by European Pb. Further results from the section will be presented as more data will be available by the conference.

Chrystal structure properties of Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} synthesized by solid state reaction method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sandi, Dianisa Khoirum, E-mail: dianisa875@gmail.com; Suryana, Risa, E-mail: rsuryana@staff.uns.ac.id; Priyono, Slamet, E-mail: slam013@lipi.go.id

2016-02-08

This research aim is to analyze the effect of Aluminum (Al) doping in the structural properties of Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} as anode in lithium ion battery. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. LiOH.H{sub 2}O, TiO{sub 2}, and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were raw materials. These materials were milled for 15 h, calcined at temperature of 750{sup o}C and sintered at temperature of 800{sup o}C. Mole percentage of doping Al (x) was varied at x=0; x=0.025; and x =0.05. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffractionmore » was employed to determine the structure of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. The PDXL software was performed on the x-ray diffraction data to estimate the phase percentage, the lattice parameter, the unit cell volume, and the crystal density. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} has cubic crystal structure. Al-doping at x=0 and x=0.025 does not change the phase as Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} while at x=0.050 the phase changes to the LiTiAlO{sub 4}. The diffraction patterns show that the angle shifted to the right as the increase of x which indicated that Al substitute Ti site. Percentage of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase at x=0 and x=0.025 was 97.8% and 96.8%, respectively. However, the lattice parameters, the unit cell volume, and the crystal density does not change significantly at x=0; x=0.025; and x=0.050. Based on the percentage of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase, the Al-doped Li at x=0 and x=0.025 is promising as a lithium battery anode.« less

Development assessment of wash water reclamation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Putnam, D. F.

1976-01-01

An analytical study assessment of state-of-the-art wash water reclamation technology is presented. It covers all non-phase-change unit operations, unit processes and subsystems currently under development by NASA. Each approach to wash water reclamation is described in detail. Performance data are given together with the projected weights and sizes of key components and subsystems. It is concluded that a simple multifiltration subsystem composed of surface-type cartridge filters, carbon adsorption and ion exchange resins is the most attractive approach for spacecraft wash water reclamation in earth orbital missions of up to 10 years in duration.

The ten-ecosystem study investigation plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kan, E. P.

1976-01-01

With the continental United States divided into ten forest and grassland ecosystems, the Ten Ecosystem Study (TES) is designed to investigate the feasibility and applicability of state-of-the-art automatic data processing remote sensing technology to inventory forest, grassland, and water resources by using Land Satellite data. The study will serve as a prelude to a possible future nationwide remote sensing application to inventory forest and rangeland renewable resources. This plan describes project design and phases, the ten ecosystem, data utilization and output, personnel organization, resource requirements, and schedules and milestones.

General Reevaluation and Supplement to Environmental Impact Statement for Flood Control and Related Purposes. Red and Red Lake Rivers at East Grand Forks, Minnesota.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

ORGANIZATION (if applicable) 8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM PROJECT TASK IWORK UNIT ELEMENT NO. NO. NO...participate in tne project. The city has also entered the regular phase of tne National Flood Insurance program adopted 23 September 1977. The State ’V of...releases It o Possible sites outside area of city control/ during periods of low flow. responsibility. -s Red Lake Watersned District has a current program

Coupled thermochemical, isotopic evolution and heat transfer simulations in highly irradiated UO2 nuclear fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piro, M. H. A.; Banfield, J.; Clarno, K. T.; Simunovic, S.; Besmann, T. M.; Lewis, B. J.; Thompson, W. T.

2013-10-01

Predictive capabilities for simulating irradiated nuclear fuel behavior are enhanced in the current work by coupling thermochemistry, isotopic evolution and heat transfer. Thermodynamic models that are incorporated into this framework not only predict the departure from stoichiometry of UO2, but also consider dissolved fission and activation products in the fluorite oxide phase, noble metal inclusions, secondary oxides including uranates, zirconates, molybdates and the gas phase. Thermochemical computations utilize the spatial and temporal evolution of the fission and activation product inventory in the pellet, which is typically neglected in nuclear fuel performance simulations. Isotopic computations encompass the depletion, decay and transmutation of more than 2000 isotopes that are calculated at every point in space and time. These computations take into consideration neutron flux depression and the increased production of fissile plutonium near the fuel pellet periphery (i.e., the so-called “rim effect”). Thermochemical and isotopic predictions are in very good agreement with reported experimental measurements of highly irradiated UO2 fuel with an average burnup of 102 GW d t(U)-1. Simulation results demonstrate that predictions are considerably enhanced when coupling thermochemical and isotopic computations in comparison to empirical correlations. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Magnetic ground state and electronic structure of CeRu(2)Al(10).

PubMed

Goraus, Jerzy; Ślebarski, Andrzej

2012-03-07

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the electronic structure for CeRu(2)Al(10) based on ab initio band structure calculations and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data. Our calculations were performed for the base unit cell and for the hypothetical unit cell which enables antiferromagnetic ordering. The stability of the magnetic phase was investigated within fixed spin moment calculations. When additional 4f correlations are not included in the LSDA C U approach, CeRu(2)Al(10) exhibits an unstable magnetic configuration with the difference in total energy per unit cell between the weakly magnetic state and the non-magnetic one of the order ~0.3 meV. We found that Coulomb correlations among 4f electrons, when they are included in the LSDA C U approach, stabilize the magnetic structure. In the weakly correlated system (small U) an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state with the lowest total energy is preferred. The situation is, however, the opposite when the 4f correlations are strong. In this case the ferromagnetic (FM) ground state is preferred. By comparing our calculations with the experimental data we conclude that the 4f correlations in CeRu(2)Al(10) are weak. We also carried out a structural relaxation of atomic positions within the Cmcm unit cell and we found that the Al atoms exhibit noticeable displacement from their positions known from x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

Preliminary results of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and gulf coasts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kammerer, A.M.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Twitchell, David C.; Geist, Eric L.; Chaytor, Jason D.; Locat, J.; Lee, H.J.; Buczkowski, Brian J.; Sansoucy, M.

2008-01-01

In response to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) initiated a long-term research program to improve understanding of tsunami hazard levels for nuclear facilities in the United States. For this effort, the US NRC organized a collaborative research program with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other key researchers for the purpose of assessing tsunami hazard on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. The initial phase of this work consisted principally of collection, interpretation, and analysis of available offshore data and information. Necessarily, the US NRC research program includes both seismic- and landslide-based tsunamigenic sources in both the near and the far fields. The inclusion of tsunamigenic landslides, an important category of sources that impact tsunami hazard levels for the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts over the long time periods of interest to the US NRC is a key difference between this program and most other tsunami hazard assessment programs. Although only a few years old, this program is already producing results that both support current US NRC activities and look toward the long-term goal of probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment. This paper provides a summary of results from several areas of current research. An overview of the broader US NRC research program is provided in a companion paper in this conference.

Upper and Lower Limits of the Rate of SO2 Oxidation In Wintertime Atmosphere Over The Eastern United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, J. R.; Fiddler, M. N.; Brown, S. S.; Bililign, S.; Jaegle, L.; Thornton, J. A.; Shah, V.; Lopez-Hilfiker, F.; Haskins, J.; Fibiger, D. L.; McDuffie, E. E.; Sparks, T.; Ebben, C. J.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Veres, P. R.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Dibb, J. E.; Schroder, J. C.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; Jimenez, J. L.; Sullivan, A.; DiGangi, J. P.

2017-12-01

A set of constraints on the rate of oxidation of SO2 during wintertime conditions over the Eastern United States is presented, based on measurements taken during a series of night and day flights on a C-130 aircraft from Feb 3 to Mar 13, 2015 over the Eastern coastal region of the United States during the Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emission and Reactivity (WINTER) campaign. In the Eastern United States, there are fewer reactant sinks for gaseous SO2 during the winter, and as a result the atmospheric lifetime is measurably longer. Photochemical oxidation of SO2 is extremely slow during winter due to significantly reduced OH concentrations compared to summer. The long photochemical lifetime enables analysis of rates of proposed alternative sulfur oxidation mechanisms, such as heterogeneous uptake. An examination of the SO4/SO2 ratio and the mixing ratio will be used to determine the upper and lower limits of the rate of SO2 oxidation, along with the branching ratios of the gas-phase and heterogeneous removal. A correlation of SO2 to the co-emitted compounds measured in the region will allow for the accurate assignment of intercepted plumes to individual power plants and urban areas. A combination of HYSPLIT trajectory modeling, use of several chemical clocks, and analysis of the wind speed along the path of the plume is used to constrain the travel time from the source to the intercepted plume.

The Air Quality and Economic Impact of Atmospheric Lead from General Aviation Aircraft in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolfe, P. J.; Selin, N. E.; Barrett, S. R. H.

2015-12-01

While leaded fuels for automobiles were phased-out of use in the United States by 1996, lead (Pb) continues to be used as an anti-knock additive for piston-driven aircraft. We model the annual concentration of atmospheric lead attributable to piston driven aircraft emissions in the continental United States using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Using aircraft emissions inventories for 2008, we then calculate annual economic damages from lead as lifetime employment losses for a one-year cohort exposed to elevated atmospheric lead concentrations using a range of concentration response functions from literature. Mean and median estimates of annual damages attributable to lifetime lost earnings are 1.06 and 0.60 billion respectively. Economy-wide impacts of IQ-deficits on productivity and labor increase expected damages by 54%. Damages are sensitive to background lead concentrations; as emissions decrease from other sources, the damages attributable to aviation are expected to increase holding aviation emissions constant. The monetary impact of General Aviation lead emissions on the environment is the same order of magnitude as noise, climate change, and air quality degradation from all commercial operations.

Study of the characteristics of seismic signals generated by natural and cultural phenomena. [such as earthquakes, sonic booms, and nuclear explosions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goforth, T. T.; Rasmussen, R. K.

1974-01-01

Seismic data recorded at the Tonto Forest Seismological Observatory in Arizona and the Uinta Basin Seismological Observatory in Utah were used to compare the frequency of occurrence, severity, and spectral content of ground motions resulting from earthquakes, and other natural and man-made sources with the motions generated by sonic booms. A search of data recorded at the two observatories yielded a classification of over 180,000 earthquake phase arrivals on the basis of frequency of occurrence versus maximum ground velocity. The majority of the large ground velocities were produced by seismic surface waves from moderate to large earthquakes in the western United States, and particularly along the Pacific Coast of the United States and northern Mexico. A visual analysis of raw film seismogram data over a 3-year period indicates that local and regional seismic events, including quarry blasts, are frequent in occurrence, but do not produce ground motions at the observatories comparable to either the large western United States earthquakes or to sonic booms. Seismic data from the Nevada Test Site nuclear blasts were used to derive magnitude-distance-sonic boom overpressure relations.

Interstation phase speed and amplitude measurements of surface waves with nonlinear waveform fitting: application to USArray

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamada, K.; Yoshizawa, K.

2015-09-01

A new method of fully nonlinear waveform fitting to measure interstation phase speeds and amplitude ratios is developed and applied to USArray. The Neighbourhood Algorithm is used as a global optimizer, which efficiently searches for model parameters that fit two observed waveforms on a common great-circle path by modulating the phase and amplitude terms of the fundamental-mode surface waves. We introduce the reliability parameter that represents how well the waveforms at two stations can be fitted in a time-frequency domain, which is used as a data selection criterion. The method is applied to observed waveforms of USArray for seismic events in the period from 2007 to 2010 with moment magnitude greater than 6.0. We collect a large number of phase speed data (about 75 000 for Rayleigh and 20 000 for Love) and amplitude ratio data (about 15 000 for Rayleigh waves) in a period range from 30 to 130 s. The majority of the interstation distances of measured dispersion data is less than 1000 km, which is much shorter than the typical average path-length of the conventional single-station measurements for source-receiver pairs. The phase speed models for Rayleigh and Love waves show good correlations on large scales with the recent tomographic maps derived from different approaches for phase speed mapping; for example, significant slow anomalies in volcanic regions in the western Unites States and fast anomalies in the cratonic region. Local-scale phase speed anomalies corresponding to the major tectonic features in the western United States, such as Snake River Plains, Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Rift have also been identified clearly in the phase speed models. The short-path information derived from our interstation measurements helps to increase the achievable horizontal resolution. We have also performed joint inversions for phase speed maps using the measured phase and amplitude ratio data of vertical component Rayleigh waves. These maps exhibit better recovery of phase speed perturbations, particularly where the strong lateral velocity gradient exists in which the effects of elastic focussing can be significant; that is, the Yellowstone hotspot, Snake River Plains, and Rio Grande Rift. The enhanced resolution of the phase speed models derived from the interstation phase and amplitude measurements will be of use for the better seismological constraint on the lithospheric structure, in combination with dense broad-band seismic arrays.

Topological Phases in Graphene Nanoribbons: Junction States, Spin Centers, and Quantum Spin Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Ting; Zhao, Fangzhou; Louie, Steven G.

2017-08-01

We show that semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of different width, edge, and end termination (synthesizable from molecular precursors with atomic precision) belong to different electronic topological classes. The topological phase of GNRs is protected by spatial symmetries and dictated by the terminating unit cell. We have derived explicit formulas for their topological invariants and shown that localized junction states developed between two GNRs of distinct topology may be tuned by lateral junction geometry. The topology of a GNR can be further modified by dopants, such as a periodic array of boron atoms. In a superlattice consisting of segments of doped and pristine GNRs, the junction states are stable spin centers, forming a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin 1 /2 chain with tunable exchange interaction. The discoveries here not only are of scientific interest for studies of quasi-one-dimensional systems, but also open a new path for design principles of future GNR-based devices through their topological characters.

Topological Phases in Graphene Nanoribbons: Junction States, Spin Centers, and Quantum Spin Chains.

PubMed

Cao, Ting; Zhao, Fangzhou; Louie, Steven G

2017-08-18

We show that semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of different width, edge, and end termination (synthesizable from molecular precursors with atomic precision) belong to different electronic topological classes. The topological phase of GNRs is protected by spatial symmetries and dictated by the terminating unit cell. We have derived explicit formulas for their topological invariants and shown that localized junction states developed between two GNRs of distinct topology may be tuned by lateral junction geometry. The topology of a GNR can be further modified by dopants, such as a periodic array of boron atoms. In a superlattice consisting of segments of doped and pristine GNRs, the junction states are stable spin centers, forming a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 chain with tunable exchange interaction. The discoveries here not only are of scientific interest for studies of quasi-one-dimensional systems, but also open a new path for design principles of future GNR-based devices through their topological characters.

Kinetic mechanism for reversible structural transition in MoTe2 induced by excess charge carriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubel, O.

2018-06-01

Kinetic of a reversible structural transition between insulating (2H) and metallic (1T ') phases in a monolayer MoTe2 due to an electrostatic doping is studied using first-principle calculations. The driving force for the structural transition is the energy gained by transferring excess electrons from the bottom of the conduction band to lower energy gapless states in the metallic phase as have been noticed in earlier studies. The corresponding structural transformation involves dissociation of Mo-Te bonds (one per formula unit), which results in a kinetic energy barrier of 0.83 eV. The transformation involves a consecutive movement of atoms similar to a domain wall motion. The presence of excess charge carriers modifies not only the total energy of the initial and final states, but also lowers an energy of the transition state. An experimentally observed hysteresis in the switching process can be attributed to changes in the kinetic energy barrier due to its dependence on the excess carrier density.

Planning for Space Station Freedom laboratory payload integration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Willenberg, Harvey J.; Torre, Larry P.

1989-01-01

Space Station Freedom is being developed to support extensive missions involving microgravity research and applications. Requirements for on-orbit payload integration and the simultaneous payload integration of multiple mission increments will provide the stimulus to develop new streamlined integration procedures in order to take advantage of the increased capabilities offered by Freedom. The United States Laboratory and its user accommodations are described. The process of integrating users' experiments and equipment into the United States Laboratory and the Pressurized Logistics Modules is described. This process includes the strategic and tactical phases of Space Station utilization planning. The support that the Work Package 01 Utilization office will provide to the users and hardware developers, in the form of Experiment Integration Engineers, early accommodation assessments, and physical integration of experiment equipment, is described. Plans for integrated payload analytical integration are also described.

Isotope evidence of paleo - El Nino - Southern Oscillation cycles in loess-paleosol record in the central United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wang, Hongfang; Follmer, L.R.; Chao-li, Liu

2000-01-01

The ??13C of soil carbonate in rhizoconcretions collected from a loess-paleosol sequence in the central United States indicates that growing-season C3/C4 plant ratio oscillated by 35% on a 900 ?? 200 yr time scale during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. The pattern appears in phase with advance and retreat of the southern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet, suggesting influence by paleo-El Nin??o-Southern Oscillation cycles. The ??13C of soil organic matter indicates that the annual average C3/C4 plant ratio oscillated only by 18%, with a periodicity of 450 ?? 100 yr, and closely matched the cyclic pattern of loess-paleosol layers. It suggests a periodic enhancement of the penetration of the Gulf of Mexico air over the region during this time.

Stereotypes of women in different stages of their reproductive life: data from Mexico and the United States.

PubMed

Marván, Ma Luisa; Islas, Martha; Vela, Laura; Chrisler, Joan C; Warren, Elyse A

2008-08-01

College students from Mexico and the United States (n = 349) were surveyed to explore stereotypes regarding women in different menstrual cycle phases and other stages of reproductive life. Participants from both countries defined a premenstrual or menstrual woman as irritable and moody and a menopausal woman as old and irritable. A woman with a hysterectomy was defined as sad, and only Americans used other words that did not have any negative connotation. Participants used some positive adjectives to describe other stages. For example, a pregnant woman was defined as happy, but only by Mexicans. Finally, a woman with a young baby was defined in both countries as happy; however, Americans implied that having a baby is complicated. The findings are discussed in light of sociocultural differences and similarities.

Uncertainty after treatment for prostate cancer: definition, assessment, and management.

PubMed

Yu Ko, Wellam F; Degner, Lesley F

2008-10-01

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men living in the United States and the most common type of malignancy in Canadian men, accounting for 186,320 new cases in the United States and 24,700 in Canada in 2008. Uncertainty, a component of all illness experiences, influences how men perceive the processes of treatment and adaptation. The Reconceptualized Uncertainty in Illness Theory explains the chronic nature of uncertainty in cancer survivorship by describing a shift from an emergent acute phase of uncertainty in survivors to a new level of uncertainty that is no longer acute and becomes a part of daily life. Proper assessment of certainty and uncertainty may allow nurses to maximize the effectiveness of patient-provider communication, cognitive reframing, and problem-solving interventions to reduce uncertainty after cancer treatment.

Fly ash particles spheroidization using low temperature plasma energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shekhovtsov, V. V.; Volokitin, O. G.; Kondratyuk, A. A.; Vitske, R. E.

2016-11-01

The paper presents the investigations on producing spherical particles 65-110 μm in size using the energy of low temperature plasma (LTP). These particles are based on flow ash produced by the thermal power plant in Seversk, Tomsk region, Russia. The obtained spherical particles have no defects and are characterized by a smooth exterior surface. The test bench is designed to produce these particles. With due regard for plasma temperature field distribution, it is shown that the transition of fly ash particles to a state of viscous flow occurs at 20 mm distance from the plasma jet. The X-ray phase analysis is carried out for the both original state of fly ash powders and the particles obtained. This analysis shows that fly ash contains 56.23 wt.% SiO2; 20.61 wt.% Al2O3 and 17.55 wt.% Fe2O3 phases that mostly contribute to the integral (experimental) intensity of the diffraction maximum. The LTP treatment results in a complex redistribution of the amorphous phase amount in the obtained spherical particles, including the reduction of O2Si, phase, increase of O22Al20 and Fe2O3 phases and change in Al, O density of O22Al20 chemical unit cell.

Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations.

PubMed

McCarthy, Gerard D; Haigh, Ivan D; Hirschi, Joël J-M; Grist, Jeremy P; Smeed, David A

2015-05-28

Decadal variability is a notable feature of the Atlantic Ocean and the climate of the regions it influences. Prominently, this is manifested in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in sea surface temperatures. Positive (negative) phases of the AMO coincide with warmer (colder) North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. The AMO is linked with decadal climate fluctuations, such as Indian and Sahel rainfall, European summer precipitation, Atlantic hurricanes and variations in global temperatures. It is widely believed that ocean circulation drives the phase changes of the AMO by controlling ocean heat content. However, there are no direct observations of ocean circulation of sufficient length to support this, leading to questions about whether the AMO is controlled from another source. Here we provide observational evidence of the widely hypothesized link between ocean circulation and the AMO. We take a new approach, using sea level along the east coast of the United States to estimate ocean circulation on decadal timescales. We show that ocean circulation responds to the first mode of Atlantic atmospheric forcing, the North Atlantic Oscillation, through circulation changes between the subtropical and subpolar gyres--the intergyre region. These circulation changes affect the decadal evolution of North Atlantic heat content and, consequently, the phases of the AMO. The Atlantic overturning circulation is declining and the AMO is moving to a negative phase. This may offer a brief respite from the persistent rise of global temperatures, but in the coupled system we describe, there are compensating effects. In this case, the negative AMO is associated with a continued acceleration of sea-level rise along the northeast coast of the United States.

United States Air Force Research Initiation Program for 1987. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

Influence of Microstructural Variations Dr. Ravinder Diwan on the Thermomechanical Processing in Dynamic Material Modeling of Titanium Aluminides , 760,7MG...7MG-077 INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL VARIATIONS ON THE THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING IN DYNAMIC MATERIAL MODELING OF TITANIUM ALUMINIDES MARCH 15, 1989...provided on this project. Final Report Submitted: March 15, 1989. 75-1 ABSTRACT Titanium aluminides with strong thermodynamically stable intermetallic phases

Boarding Team Communications Phase I: Product Development and Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center 1082 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340-6048 Report No. CG-D-04-2007 Template: Report Cover...Technical Director United States Coast Guard Research & Development Center 1082 Shennecossett Road Groton, CT 06340-6048 Template...Research and Development Center 11. Contract or Grant No. 1082 Shennecossett Road Fairfax, VA 22030 Groton, CT 06340-6048 13. Type of

A Proposal for a Prevalence Study of the Use of Alcohol among Women Attending Selected United States Air Force Prenatal Clinics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

and ptosis 7. epicanthal folds 8. cleft lip or cleft palate 9. hirsuitism APPENDIX 2 PROCESSION PLAN Stage Activit Time Required Phase I step 1 Select...thin upper lip , and/or flattening of the maxillary area II. FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS: Any congenital abnormality seen in children as a result of maternal

The Assessment of Service through the Lens of Social Change Leadership: A Phenomenological Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buschlen, Eric Lee; Reusch, Jonathan

2016-01-01

Service to others plays a key role in the development of one's worldview. To study this key role, authors examined a sample of 38 student narratives in three phases: before, during, and 45 days after they served at an alternative break site around the United States. Students kept a prompt-based journal inspired by the tenets of the social change…

76 FR 33314 - Epidemiology Program for American Indian/Alaska Native Tribes and Urban Indian Communities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... intertribal consortia or urban Indian organizations as defined by 25 U.S.C. 1603(e) may be eligible for a TEC... provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians. 25 U.S.C. 1603 (d). Tribal... which includes the maximum participation of Indians in all phases of its activities. 25 U.S.C. 1603(e...

Some Historical Background to the Country School Legacy: Frontier and Rural Schools in Colorado, 1859-1950. Country School Legacy: Humanities on the Frontier.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Charlie H., Jr.

A study of historical background of the frontier and rural schools in Colorado describes education in the United State in general and the development of the educational process and school facilities during five phases of Colorado's economic and political development. "The Nation" discusses philosophies generally held during the middle…

Using long-term datasets to study exotic plant invasions on rangelands in the western United States

Treesearch

C. Morris; L. R. Morris; A. J. Leffler; C. D. Holifield Collins; A. D. Forman; M. A. Weltz; S. G. Kitchen

2013-01-01

Invasions by exotic species are generally described using a logistic growth curve divided into three phases: introduction, expansion and saturation. This model is constructed primarily from regional studies of plant invasions based on historical records and herbarium samples. The goal of this study is to compare invasion curves at the local scale to the logistic growth...

Understanding Mexican Immigrant Students in American Schools: A Case Study of Two "Preparatorias" in México

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Souza, Marcela

2017-01-01

English language learners are a diverse and fast-growing segment of the student population in the United States. Faced with the double challenge of keeping up with grade-level content while learning English as a new language in a new culture, many of them struggle. This article presents data from a three-phase qualitative study designed to learn…

Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Availability in Hispanic Head Start Families with Preschool-aged Children Living in an Urban Midwestern Area

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shriver, Lenka H.; Hildebrand, Deana; Austin, Heidi

2010-01-01

Objective: Determine relationships between self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change and Stages of Change (SOC) related to fruit and vegetable (FV) availability among Hispanic Head Start parents. Design: A 2-phase descriptive study with mixed methodology. Setting: Two Head Start sites in a city in the midwestern United States.…

METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE AND OTHER N-NITROSAMINES IN DRINKING WATER AT LOW NANOGRAM/LITER CONCENTRATIONS USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH CHEMICAL IONIZATION TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

EPA Science Inventory

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a probable human carcinogen that has been identified as a drinking water contaminant of concern. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 521 has been developed for the analysis of NDMA and six additional N-nitrosamines in dri...

Design and Analysis of an Axisymmetric Phased Array Fed Gregorian Reflector System for Limited Scanning

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-22

Numerical electromagnetic simulations based on the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) were used to analyze and optimize the antenna...and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. numerical simulations with the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM...and optimized using numerical simulations conducted with the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) using FEKO software (www.feko.info). The

Bringing Science to Life for Students, Teachers and the Community

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pratt, K.

2012-04-01

Bringing Science to Life for Students, Teachers and the Community Prior to 2008, 5th grade students at two schools of the New Haven Unified School District consistently scored in the bottom 20% of the California State Standards Test for science. Teachers in the upper grades reported not spending enough time teaching science, which is attributed to lack of time, resources or knowledge of science. A proposal was written to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Bay Watershed Education Grant program and funding was received for Bringing Science to Life for Students, Teachers and the Community to address these concerns and instill a sense of stewardship in our students. This program engages and energizes students in learning science and the protection of the SF Bay Watershed, provides staff development for teachers, and educates the community about conservation of our local watershed. The project includes a preparation phase, outdoor phase, an analysis and reporting phase, and teacher training and consists of two complete units: 1) The San Francisco Bay Watershed Unit and 2) the Marine Environment Unit. At the end of year 5, our teachers were teaching more science, the community was engaged in conservation of the San Francisco Bay Watershed and most importantly, student scores increased on the California Science Test at one site by over 121% and another site by 152%.

Central-Monitor Software Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachelder, Aaron; Foster, Conrad

2005-01-01

One of the software modules of the emergency-vehicle traffic-light-preemption system of the two preceding articles performs numerous functions for the central monitoring subsystem. This module monitors the states of all units (vehicle transponders and intersection controllers): It provides real-time access to the phases of traffic and pedestrian lights, and maps the positions and states of all emergency vehicles. Most of this module is used for installation and configuration of units as they are added to the system. The module logs all activity in the system, thereby providing information that can be analyzed to minimize response times and optimize response strategies. The module can be used from any location within communication range of the system; with proper configuration, it can also be used via the Internet. It can be integrated into call-response centers, where it can be used for alerting emergency vehicles and managing their responses to specific incidents. A variety of utility subprograms provide access to any or all units for purposes of monitoring, testing, and modification. Included are "sniffer" utility subprograms that monitor incoming and outgoing data for accuracy and timeliness, and that quickly and autonomously shut off malfunctioning vehicle or intersection units.

Seismic Observations of the Mid-Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, A.; Helmberger, D. V.; Sun, D.; Li, D.; Jackson, J. M.

2015-12-01

Seismic data from earthquakes originating in the Fiji-Tonga region exhibits waveform complexity of a number of phases which may be attributed to various structures along ray paths to stations of USArray, including anomalous structures at the core-mantle boundary. The data shows variation in multipathing, that is, the presence of secondary arrivals following the S phase at diffracted distances (Sdiff) which suggests that the waveform complexity is due to structures at the eastern edge of the mid-Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP). This study examines data from earthquake events while the Transportable Array portion of USArray was situated in the midwest United States, reinforcing previous studies that indicate late arrivals occurring as long as 26 seconds after the primary arrivals (To et al., 2011). Using earth flattening transformations and finite difference methods, simulations of tapered wedge structures of low velocity material allow for wave energy trapping, producing the observed waveform complexity and delayed arrivals at large distances, with such structures having characteristic properties of, for example, a height of 70 km, in-plane extent more than 1000 km, and shear wave velocity drop of 3% at the top to 15% at the bottom relative to PREM. Differential arrival times for SH and SV components suggest anisotropy and possible wave propagation through downgoing slabs beneath the source region. The arrivals of the SPdKS phase further support the presence of an ultra-low velocity zone (ULVZ) within a two-humped LLSVP. Some systematic delays in arrival times of multiple phases for distances less than 102º are accounted for and attributed to the presence of a mantle slab underneath the continental United States. Comparisons to seismic data from earthquakes originating from other locations further constrain depths of the deep mantle structures. Possible explanations include iron-enrichment of deep mantle phases.

PDO and ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies Control Grassland Plant Production across the United States Great Plains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parton, W. J.; Del Grosso, S. J.; Smith, W. K.; Chen, M.

2017-12-01

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are multi-annual to multi-decadal climate patterns defined by ocean temperature anomalies that can strongly modulate climate variability. Here we evaluated the impacts of PDO and ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on observed grassland above ground plant production (ANPP; 1940 to 2015), spring (April to July) cumulative actual evapotranspiration (iAET; 1900 to 2015) , and satellite-derived growing season (April to October) cumulative normalized difference vegetation index (iNDVI 1982 to 2015) across the United States Great Plains. The results showed that grassland ANPP is well correlated to iAET (r2=0.69) and iNDVI (r2=0.50 to 0.70) for the Cheyenne Wyoming and Northeastern Colorado long-term ANPP sites. At the site scale, during the negative phase of the PDO, we find ANPP is much lower (25%) and that variability of iAET, iNDVI, and ANPP are much higher (2 to 3 times) compared to the warm phase PDO. Further, we find there is a high frequency of below normal iAET when PDO and ENSO SST's are both negative, while there is a high frequency of above normal iAET when PDO and ENSO values are positive. At the regional scale, iAET, iNDVI, and modeled ANPP data sets show that plant production and iAET values are high in the southern Great Plains and low in the northern Great Plains when spring PDO and ENSO are both in the positive phase, while the opposite pattern is observed when both PDO and ENSO are both in the negative phase. Variability of iAET, iNDVI, and modeled ANPP are much higher in the central Great Plains during the negative phase PDO. We demonstrate clearly that the PDO and ENSO SST anomalies have large impacts on mean and variability of grassland plant production across the Great Plains.

Nurse Home Visits Improve Maternal-Infant Interaction and Decrease Severity of Postpartum Depression

PubMed Central

Horowitz, June Andrews; Murphy, Christine A.; Gregory, Katherine; Wojcik, Joanne; Pulcini, Joyce; Solon, Lori

2013-01-01

Objective To test the efficacy of the relationship-focused behavioral coaching intervention Communicating and Relating Effectively (CARE) in increasing maternal-infant relational effectiveness between depressed mothers and their infants during the first nine months postpartum. Design Randomized clinical trial (RCT) with three phases. Methods In this three-phase study, women were screened for postpartum depression (PPD) in Phase I at 6 weeks postpartum. In Phase II, women were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions and maternal-infant interaction was video-recorded at four intervals postpartum: 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months. Phase III involved focus group and individual interviews with study participants. Setting Phase I mothers were recruited from obstetric units of two major medical centers. Phase II involved the RCT, a series of nurse-led home visits beginning at 6 weeks and ending at 9 months postpartum. Phase III focus groups were conducted at the university and personal interviews were conducted by telephone or in participants’ homes. Participants Postpartum mother-infant dyads (134) representative of southeastern New England, United States participated in the RCT. One hundred and twenty-five mother-infant dyads were fully retained in the 9-month protocol. Results Treatment and control groups had significant increases in quality of mother-infant interaction and decreases in depression severity. Qualitative findings indicated presence of the nurse, empathic listening, focused attention and self-reflection during data collection, directions for video-recorded interaction, and assistance with referrals likely contributed to improvements for both groups. Conclusions Efficacy of the CARE intervention was only partially supported. Nurse attention given to the control group and the data collection process likely confounded results and constituted an unintentional treatment. Results suggest that nurse-led home visits had a positive effect on outcomes for all participants. PMID:23682696

Phase-selective entrainment of nonlinear oscillator ensembles

DOE PAGES

Zlotnik, Anatoly V.; Nagao, Raphael; Kiss, Istvan Z.; ...

2016-03-18

The ability to organize and finely manipulate the hierarchy and timing of dynamic processes is important for understanding and influencing brain functions, sleep and metabolic cycles, and many other natural phenomena. However, establishing spatiotemporal structures in biological oscillator ensembles is a challenging task that requires controlling large collections of complex nonlinear dynamical units. In this report, we present a method to design entrainment signals that create stable phase patterns in ensembles of heterogeneous nonlinear oscillators without using state feedback information. We demonstrate the approach using experiments with electrochemical reactions on multielectrode arrays, in which we selectively assign ensemble subgroups intomore » spatiotemporal patterns with multiple phase clusters. As a result, the experimentally confirmed mechanism elucidates the connection between the phases and natural frequencies of a collection of dynamical elements, the spatial and temporal information that is encoded within this ensemble, and how external signals can be used to retrieve this information.« less

Cold crucible induction melter test for crystalline ceramic waste form fabrication: A feasibility assessment

DOE PAGES

Amoroso, Jake W.; Marra, James; Dandeneau, Christopher S.; ...

2017-01-18

The first scaled proof-of-principle cold crucible induction melter (CCIM) test to process a multiphase ceramic waste form from a simulated combined (Cs/Sr, lanthanide and transition metal fission products) commercial used nuclear fuel waste stream was recently conducted in the United States. X-ray diffraction, 2-D X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy for Cs), and product consistency tests were used to characterize the fabricated CCIM material. Characterization analyses confirmed that a crystalline ceramic with a desirable phase assemblage was produced from a melt using a CCIM. We identified primary hollandite,more » pyrochlore/zirconolite, and perovskite phases in addition to minor phases rich in Fe, Al, or Cs. The material produced in the CCIM was chemically homogeneous and displayed a uniform phase assemblage with acceptable aqueous chemical durability.« less

Phase-selective entrainment of nonlinear oscillator ensembles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zlotnik, Anatoly V.; Nagao, Raphael; Kiss, Istvan Z.

The ability to organize and finely manipulate the hierarchy and timing of dynamic processes is important for understanding and influencing brain functions, sleep and metabolic cycles, and many other natural phenomena. However, establishing spatiotemporal structures in biological oscillator ensembles is a challenging task that requires controlling large collections of complex nonlinear dynamical units. In this report, we present a method to design entrainment signals that create stable phase patterns in ensembles of heterogeneous nonlinear oscillators without using state feedback information. We demonstrate the approach using experiments with electrochemical reactions on multielectrode arrays, in which we selectively assign ensemble subgroups intomore » spatiotemporal patterns with multiple phase clusters. As a result, the experimentally confirmed mechanism elucidates the connection between the phases and natural frequencies of a collection of dynamical elements, the spatial and temporal information that is encoded within this ensemble, and how external signals can be used to retrieve this information.« less

Amelogenin Affects Brushite Crystal Morphology and Promotes Its Phase Transformation to Monetite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ren, Dongni; Ruan, Qichao; Tao, Jinhui

2016-09-07

Amelogenin protein is involved in organized apatite crystallization during enamel formation. Brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O), which is one of the precursors for hydroxyapatite in in vitro mineralization, has been used for fabrication of biomaterials for hard tissue repair. In order to explore its potential application in biomimetic material synthesis, we studied the influence of amelogenin on brushite morphology and phase transformation to monetite. Our results show that amelogenin can adsorb onto surface of brushite, leading to the formation of layered structures on the (010) face. Amelogenin promoted the phase transformation of brushite into monetite (CaHPO4) in the dry state, presumably by interactingmore » with crystalline water layers in brushite unit cell. Changes to the crystal morphology by amelogenin continued even after the phase transformation to monetite forming an organized nanotextured structure of nano-sticks resembling the bundle structure in enamel.« less

Phase-selective entrainment of nonlinear oscillator ensembles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zlotnik, Anatoly; Nagao, Raphael; Kiss, István Z.; Li-Shin, Jr.

2016-03-01

The ability to organize and finely manipulate the hierarchy and timing of dynamic processes is important for understanding and influencing brain functions, sleep and metabolic cycles, and many other natural phenomena. However, establishing spatiotemporal structures in biological oscillator ensembles is a challenging task that requires controlling large collections of complex nonlinear dynamical units. In this report, we present a method to design entrainment signals that create stable phase patterns in ensembles of heterogeneous nonlinear oscillators without using state feedback information. We demonstrate the approach using experiments with electrochemical reactions on multielectrode arrays, in which we selectively assign ensemble subgroups into spatiotemporal patterns with multiple phase clusters. The experimentally confirmed mechanism elucidates the connection between the phases and natural frequencies of a collection of dynamical elements, the spatial and temporal information that is encoded within this ensemble, and how external signals can be used to retrieve this information.

Atmospheric measurements of pyruvic and formic acid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andreae, Meinrat O.; Li, Shao-Meng; Talbot, Robert W.

1987-01-01

Pyruvic acid, a product of the atmospheric oxidation of cresols and probably of isoprene, has been determined together with formic acid in atmospheric aerosols and rain as well as in the vapor phase. Both acids are present predominantly as vapor; only about 10-20 percent of the total atmospheric pyruvate and 1-2 percent of the total formate are in the particulate phase. The concentrations of pyruvic and formic acid are highly correlated, with typical formic-to-pyruvic ratios of 10-30 in the gas phase, 20-30 in rain, and 2-10 in aerosols. The gas-phase and rain ratios are comparable to those predicted to result from isoprene oxidation. Pyruvic acid levels were similar in the eastern United States (during summer) and the Amazon Basin, suggesting that natural processes, particularly the photochemical oxidation of isoprene, could account for most of the pyruvic acid present in the atmosphere.

Coupled Electronic and Magnetic Phase Transition in the Infinite-Layer Phase LaSrNiRuO4.

PubMed

Patino, Midori Amano; Zeng, Dihao; Bower, Ryan; McGrady, John E; Hayward, Michael A

2016-09-06

Topochemical reduction of the ordered double perovskite LaSrNiRuO6 with CaH2 yields LaSrNiRuO4, an extended oxide phase containing infinite sheets of apex-linked, square-planar Ni(1+)O4 and Ru(2+)O4 units ordered in a checkerboard arrangement. At room temperature the localized Ni(1+) (d(9), S = (1)/2) and Ru(2+) (d(6), S = 1) centers behave paramagnetically. However, on cooling below 250 K the system undergoes a cooperative phase transition in which the nickel spins align ferromagnetically, while the ruthenium cations appear to undergo a change in spin configuration to a diamagnetic spin state. Features of the low-temperature crystal structure suggest a symmetry lowering Jahn-Teller distortion could be responsible for the observed diamagnetism of the ruthenium centers.

Space Station Freedom electrical power system hardware commonality with the United States Polar Platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rieker, Lorra L.; Haraburda, Francis M.

1989-01-01

Information is presented on how the concept of commonality is being implemented with respect to electric power system hardware for the Space Station Freedom and the U.S. Polar Platform. Included is a historical account of the candidate common items which have the potential to serve the same power system functions on both Freedom and the Polar Platform. The Space Station program and objectives are described, focusing on the test and development responsibilities. The program definition and preliminary design phase and the design and development phase are discussed. The goal of this work is to reduce the program cost.

The Exploration Water Recovery System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

ORourke, Mary Jane E.; Carter, Layne; Holder, Donald W.; Tomes, Kristin M.

2006-01-01

The Exploration Water Recovery System is designed towards fulfillment of NASA s Vision for Space Exploration, which will require elevation of existing technologies to higher levels of optimization. This new system, designed for application to the Exploration infrastructure, presents a novel combination of proven air and water purification technologies. The integration of unit operations is modified from that of the current state-of-the-art water recovery system so as to optimize treatment of the various waste water streams, contaminant loads, and flow rates. Optimization is achieved primarily through the removal of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase prior to their absorption into the liquid phase. In the current state-of-the-art system, the water vapor in the cabin atmosphere is condensed, and the volatile organic contaminants present in that atmosphere are absorbed into the aqueous phase. Removal of contaminants the5 occurs via catalytic oxidation in the liquid phase. Oxidation kinetics, however, dictate that removal of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase can inherently be more efficient than their removal from the aqueous phase. Taking advantage of this efficiency reduces the complexity of the water recovery system. This reduction in system complexity is accompanied by reductions in the weight, volume, power, and resupply requirements of the system. Vapor compression distillation technology is used to treat the urine, condensate, and hygiene waste streams. This contributes to the reduction in resupply, as incorporation of vapor compression distillation technology at this point in the process reduces reliance on the expendable ion exchange and adsorption media used in the current state-of-the-art water recovery system. Other proven technologies that are incorporated into the Exploration Water Recovery System include the Trace Contaminant Control System and the Volatile Removal Assembly.

Application of computational methods to the design and characterisation of porous molecular materials.

PubMed

Evans, Jack D; Jelfs, Kim E; Day, Graeme M; Doonan, Christian J

2017-06-06

Composed from discrete units, porous molecular materials (PMMs) possess unique properties not observed for conventional, extended, solids, such as solution processibility and permanent porosity in the liquid phase. However, identifying the origin of porosity is not a trivial process, especially for amorphous or liquid phases. Furthermore, the assembly of molecular components is typically governed by a subtle balance of weak intermolecular forces that makes structure prediction challenging. Accordingly, in this review we canvass the crucial role of molecular simulations in the characterisation and design of PMMs. We will outline strategies for modelling porosity in crystalline, amorphous and liquid phases and also describe the state-of-the-art methods used for high-throughput screening of large datasets to identify materials that exhibit novel performance characteristics.

Active learning in forensic science using Brownfield Action in a traditional or hybrid course in earth, environmental, or engineering sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bower, P.; Liddicoat (2), J.

2009-04-01

Brownfield Action (BA - http://www.brownfieldaction.org) is a web-based, interactive, three-dimensional digital space and learning simulation in which students form geotechnical consulting companies and work collaboratively to explore and solve problems in environmental forensics. BA is being used in the United States at 10 colleges and universities in earth, environmental, or engineering sciences undergraduate and graduate courses. As a semester-long activity or done in modular form for specific topics, BA encourages active learning that requires attention to detail, intuition, and positive interaction between peers that results in Phase 1 and Phase 2 Environmental Site Assessments. Besides use in higher education courses, BA also can be adapted for instruction to local, state, and federal governmental employees, and employees in industry where brownfields need to be investigated or require remediation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weise, David; Johnson, Timothy J.; Reardon, James

Management of smoke from prescribed fires requires knowledge of fuel quantity and the amount and composition of the smoke produced by the fire to minimize adverse impacts on human health. A five-year study produced new emissions information for more than 100 trace gases and particulate matter in smoke for fuel types found in the southern United States of America using state-of-the-art instrumentation in both laboratory and field experiments. Emission factors for flaming, smoldering, and residual smoldering were developed. Agreement between laboratory and field-derived emission factors was generally good in most cases. Reference spectra of over 50 wildland fire gas-phase smokemore » components were added to a publicly-available database to support identification via infrared spectroscopy. Fuel loading for the field experiments was similar to previously measured fuels. This article summarizes the results of a five-year study to better understand the composition of smoke during all phases of burning for such forests.« less

Phase transitions in nanocomposites of hydrogen-bonded dimeric liquid crystals with mesogenic and non-mesogenic components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katranchev, Boyko; Petrov, Minko

2016-02-01

Microtextural polarization, phase transitions, and electro-optical effects are studied in a series of nanocomposites, grown by mixing alkyloxybenzoic acids (nOBAs), displaying hydrogen-bonded dimeric liquid crystal (LC) state, with non-mesogens (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), perfluorooctanoic acid) or mesogens (bent-core LC compound D14F3). Each of the studied nanocomposites, in which the nOBA serves as a matrix, forms complexes with bent-shaped dimeric, caused by the interaction between the dopant structural units and the dimer rings. This feature, coordinated with the surface anchoring, bulk and electrical effects, leads to drastic reduction of the LC system symmetry. As a result, transitions from achiral (characteristic for the pristine nOBA) to chiral states (including ferroelectric smectic C with C2 symmetry and ferroelectric smectic CG with the lowest C1 triclinic one) take place. The functionalization of the SWCNTs causes drastic increase of the ferroelectricity.

Feasibility study for the United Heckathorn Superfund Site, Richmond, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lincoff, A.H.; Costan, G.P.; Montgomery, M.S.

The United Heckathom Superfund Site in Richmond, California, was used to formulate pesticides from approximately 1947 to 1966. Soils at the site and sediments in the harbor were contaminated with various chlorinated pesticides, primarily DDT, as a result of these activities. The US Environmental Protection Agency listed the site on the Superfund National Priorities List in 1990. This document is part of the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study phase of the Superfund response, which will provide the basis for selection of a final remedy that will protect human health and the environment and achieve compliance with federal and state envirorunentalmore » laws.« less

Threshold switching in SiGeAsTeN chalcogenide glass prepared by As ion implantation into sputtered SiGeTeN film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Guangyu; Wu, Liangcai; Song, Zhitang; Liu, Yan; Li, Tao; Zhang, Sifan; Song, Sannian; Feng, Songlin

2017-12-01

A memory cell composed of a selector device and a storage device is the basic unit of phase change memory. The threshold switching effect, main principle of selectors, is a universal phenomenon in chalcogenide glasses. In this work, we put forward a safe and controllable method to prepare a SiGeAsTeN chalcogenide film by implanting As ions into sputtered SiGeTeN films. For the SiGeAsTeN material, the phase structure maintains the amorphous state, even at high temperature, indicating that no phase transition occurs for this chalcogenide-based material. The electrical test results show that the SiGeAsTeN-based devices exhibit good threshold switching characteristics and the switching voltage decreases with the increasing As content. The decrease in valence alternation pairs, reducing trap state density, may be the physical mechanism for lower switch-on voltage, which makes the SiGeAsTeN material more applicable in selector devices through component optimization.

Medical Education Funding by Medicare. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance. United States Senate, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Finance.

Hearings on the status of medical education funded under the Medicare program are presented, with attention to how the program reimburses hospitals for medical education costs. The Social Security Act Amendments of 1983 provided for a radical reform in hospital payment. By the end of a 3-year phase-in period, the program was designed to set…

Science and Technology Metrics and Other Thoughts

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

opinions. Others who contributed their thought through the early phases of this study were Messrs. Alan Shimp (Q06), Steven Anderson (W 11), and...Hawes, LaBerge , McCarthy, Meyer, Kossiakoff, and Colvar.) Colvard, James E., "Management Effectiveness vs. Efficiency," Government Executive, 1 Apr...27 May 2000. Suddarth, Lieutenant Colonel Steven C., United States Air Force, "Solving the Great Air Force systems irony - Focus: The Shaft of the

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search, Scott AFB, Illinois

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

mission of defense of the United States, has long been engaged in a wide variety of opera- tions dealing with toxic and hazardous materials. Federal...Histopathology-Cytology Sewer Dental Clinic/Laboratory 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary Sewer, Medical Logistics Radiology/X-Ray 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary...disintegrate. HALOGEN: The class of chemical elements including fluorine , chlorine, i bromine, and iodine. HALON 1211: A fire extinguishing agent

Facilities and the Air Force Systems Acquisition Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION (it applicable) Sc. ADDRESS (City. State and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NOS. PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT...L- . - - - CHAP T-F< I P f),DUCTr JOti The Air Force is in the midst of its most extensive peacetime force modernization programs ...will answer the following ques- tions: a. Are facility requirements anticipated and ade- quatel% scoped during the early phase of program development so

Coso MT Site Locations

DOE Data Explorer

Doug Blankenship

2011-05-04

This data includes the locations of the MT data collected in and around the Coso Geothermal field that covered the West Flank area. These are the data that the 3D MT models were created from that were discussed in Phase 1 of the West Flank FORGE project. The projected coordinate system is NAD 1927 State Plane California IV FIPS 0404 and the Projection is Lambert Conformal Conic. Units are in feet.

The United States Army Medical Department Journal. July-September 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

or Flail chest Respiratory rate < 10 or > 29 with distress, or Bilateral femur fractures GCS motor score  5 Unstable pelvis or suspected...significant pelvic fracture Paralysis or evidence of spinal cord injury Amputation above the wrist or ankle Significant burns Unreactive or...emphasis is on the individual who is failing to show signs of improvement in the immediate postinjury phase. Suspected skull fracture , especially with

Zika Phase I Clinical Trial Material—From Research to Release in 90 Days | Poster

Cancer.gov

Over the past 12 months, we’ve grown accustomed to seeing Zika in the news. The virus has been linked to thousands of cases of microcephaly in Brazilian babies. Numerous countries, including the United States, have reported Zika-related deaths. And there is no vaccine available at this time. In the face of what has become a global health crisis, the Vaccine Research Center

Utility of tree crown condition indicators to predict tree survival using remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis data

Treesearch

Randall S. Morin; Jim Steinman; KaDonna C. Randolph

2012-01-01

The condition of tree crowns is an important indicator of tree and forest health. Crown conditions have been evaluated during surveys of Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Phase 3 (P3) plots since 1999. In this study, remeasured data from 39,357 trees in the northern United States were used to assess the probability of survival among various tree species using the...

The Effect of Branding on the Success or Failure of Nonviolent Mass Movements

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

future researchers and practitioners desiring to develop a system for the United States to use nonviolent mass movements to further policy... develop a brand for their organization? How do nonviolent mass movements develop a brand for their message? How do nonviolent mass movements enforce...phase, develop understanding of the issues, involves educating the target audience about the problems that will be addressed by the movement . The

Decision Support Tool Prototype for the Enlistment Incentive Review Board: Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

was conducted by the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) to assess which preferences of youth could be influenced by incentives (Joles, Charbonneau , & Barr...to designing more effective and more efficient incentive strategies. In an attempt to provide this information, Joles, Charbonneau , and Barr (1998...Military Academy. Joles, J., Charbonneau , S., & Barr, D. (1998, February). An enlistment bonus distribution model. West Point, NY: United States

Illegal Immigrants and Refugees--Their Economic Adaptation and Impact on Local U.S. Labor Markets: A Review of the Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ainsworth, Robert G.

This paper presents a review of existing case study literature on the local and regional impacts of illegal immigrants and refugees in the United States. This report is a part of the second phase of the National Commission for Employment Policy's long-term work plan "Changes in the Workplace." While there is an enormous amount of…

Command History. United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam 1968. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1968-01-01

phase of the 1968 plan was put through ae scheduled. The opening of the Tte Offensive. however, temporarily scuttled the program. Temporarily, local...decrease slightly. Completed construction of an additional 1, 200 km oalhighways and tte restoration of more of the VNRS was expected to materialize in...Assistance Program MINRON Mine Squadron \\05 Military Intelligence Service MISC Mobile Infiltration Surveillance Center MIUWG Mobile Inshore Undersea

The impact of personality traits and professional experience on police officers' shooting performance under pressure.

PubMed

Landman, Annemarie; Nieuwenhuys, Arne; Oudejans, Raôul R D

2016-07-01

We explored the impact of professional experience and personality on police officers' shooting performance under pressure. We recruited: (1) regular officers, (2) officers wanting to join a specialised arrest unit (AU) (expected to possess more stress-resistant traits; pre-AU) and (3) officers from this unit (expected to also possess more professional experience; AU) (all male). In Phase 1, we determined personality traits and experience. In Phase 2, state anxiety, shot accuracy, decision-making (shoot/don't shoot), movement speed and gaze behaviour were measured while officers performed a shooting test under low and high pressure. Results indicate minimal differences in personality among groups and superior performance of AU officers. Regression analyses showed that state anxiety and shooting performance under high pressure were first predicted by AU experience and second by certain personality traits. Results suggest that although personality traits attenuate the impact of high pressure, it is relevant experience that secures effective performance under pressure. Practitioner Summary: To obtain information for police selection and training purposes, we let officers who differed in personality and experience execute a shooting test under low and high pressure. Outcomes indicate that experience affected anxiety and performance most strongly, while personality traits of thrill- and adventure-seeking and self-control also had an effect.

Fishes and tetrapods in the upper pennsylvanian (kasimovian) cohn coal member of the mattoon formation of illinois, United States: Systematics, paleoecology, and paleoenvironments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carpenter, D.; Falcon-Lang, H. J.; Benton, M.J.; Nelson, W.J.

2011-01-01

A newly discovered vertebrate assemblage is reported from the Upper Pennsylvanian (mid-to upper Kasimovian) Cohn Coal Member of the Mattoon Formation of southeast Illinois, United States. Teeth, scales, and spines of xenacanth (Dicentrodus, Orthacanthus, Triodus, Xenacanthus) and euselachian (Sphenacanthus) sharks dominate the assemblage. Less common are the teeth, scales, and centra of holocephalan (Helodus) and actinopterygian fishes, together with rare tetrapod (mainly pelycosaur) phalanges and centra. The assemblage occurs within a broad, shallow channel incised into a prominent Vertisol. The channel is interpreted as having been cut during a seasonally dry glacial phase when sea level was low, but filled during a subsequent transgression triggered by deglaciation. We interpret this as a brackish water (estuarine) assemblage, based on the co-occurrence of the vertebrate material with spirorbids (putative microconchids) and paleoecological inferences gleaned from a critical analysis of the literature dealing with Pennsylvanian fish ecology. This interpretation is broadly consistent with taphonomic data and the results of 87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis of shark material. The pelycosaur material may have been reworked from the lowstand Vertisol, however, and these animals occupied dryland niches that developed during glacial phases. ?? 2011 SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN AIR-TO-BEEF ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

A model for predicting concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in beef is developed and tested. The key premise of the model is that concentrations of these compounds in air are the source term, or starting point, for estimating beef concentrations. Vapor-phase concentrations transfer to vegetations cattle consume, and particle-bound concentrations deposit onto soils and these vegetations as well. Congener-specific bioconcentration parameters, coupled with assumptions on cattle diet, transform soil and vegetative concentrations into beef fat concentrations. The premise of the validation exercise is that a profile of typical air concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in a United States rural environment is an appropriate observed independent data set, and that a representative profile of United States beef concentrations of dioxin-like compounds is an appropriate observed dependent result. These data were developed for the validation exercise. An observed concentration of dioxin toxic equivalents in whole beef of 0.48 ng/kg is compared with a predicted 0.36 ng/kg. Principal uncertainties in the approach are identified and discussed. A major finding of this exercise was that vapor phase transfers of dioxin-like compounds to vegetations that cattle consume dominate the estimation of final beef concentrations: over 80% of the modeled beef concentration was attributed to such transfers. journal article

Air-sea interaction in the tropical Pacific Ocean

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allison, L. J.; Steranka, J.; Holub, R. J.; Hansen, J.; Godshall, F. A.; Prabhakara, C.

1972-01-01

Charts of 3-month sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean were produced for the period 1949 to 1970. The anomalies along the United States and South American west coasts and in the eastern tropical Pacific appeared to be oscillating in phase during this period. Similarly, the satellite-derived cloudiness for each of four quadrants of the Pacific Ocean (130 deg E to 100 deg W, 30 deg N to 25 deg S) appeared to be oscillating in phase. In addition, a global tropical cloudiness oscillation from 30 deg N to 30 deg S was noted from 1965 to 1970, by using monthly satellite television nephanalyses. The SST anomalies were found to have a good degree of correlation both positive and negative with the following monthly geophysical parameters: (1) satellite-derived cloudiness, (2) strength of the North and South Pacific semipermanent anticyclones, (3) tropical Pacific island rainfall, and (4) Darwin surface pressure. Several strong direct local and crossequatorial relationships were noted. In particular, the high degree of correlation between the tropical island rainfall and the SST anomalies (r = +0.93) permitted the derivation of SST's for the tropical Pacific back to 1905. The close occurrence of cold tropical SST and North Pacific 700-mb positive height anomalies with central United States drought conditions was noted.

Field-programmable beam reconfiguring based on digitally-controlled coding metasurface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Xiang; Qi, Mei Qing; Chen, Tian Yi; Cui, Tie Jun

2016-02-01

Digital phase shifters have been applied in traditional phased array antennas to realize beam steering. However, the phase shifter deals with the phase of the induced current; hence, it has to be in the path of each element of the antenna array, making the phased array antennas very expensive. Metamaterials and/or metasurfaces enable the direct modulation of electromagnetic waves by designing subwavelength structures, which opens a new way to control the beam scanning. Here, we present a direct digital mechanism to control the scattered electromagnetic waves using coding metasurface, in which each unit cell loads a pin diode to produce binary coding states of “1” and “0”. Through data lines, the instant communications are established between the coding metasurface and the internal memory of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Thus, we realize the digital modulation of electromagnetic waves, from which we present the field-programmable reflective antenna with good measurement performance. The proposed mechanism and functional device have great application potential in new-concept radar and communication systems.

Urban Green Space and the Pursuit of Health Equity in Parts of the United States.

PubMed

Jennings, Viniece; Baptiste, April Karen; Osborne Jelks, Na'Taki; Skeete, Renée

2017-11-22

Research has demonstrated that inequitable access to green space can relate to health disparities or inequalities. This commentary aims to shift the dialogue to initiatives that have integrated green spaces in projects that may promote health equity in the United States. Specifically, we connect this topic to factors such as community revitalization, affordable housing, neighborhood walkability, food security, job creation, and youth engagement. We provide a synopsis of locations and initiatives in different phases of development along with characteristics to support effectiveness and strategies to overcome challenges. The projects cover locations such as Atlanta (GA), Los Angeles (CA), the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), South Bronx (NY), and Utica (NY). Such insight can develop our understanding of green space projects that support health equity and inform the dialogue on this topic in ways that advance research and advocacy.

Urban Green Space and the Pursuit of Health Equity in Parts of the United States

PubMed Central

Jennings, Viniece; Baptiste, April Karen; Osborne Jelks, Na’Taki; Skeete, Renée

2017-01-01

Research has demonstrated that inequitable access to green space can relate to health disparities or inequalities. This commentary aims to shift the dialogue to initiatives that have integrated green spaces in projects that may promote health equity in the United States. Specifically, we connect this topic to factors such as community revitalization, affordable housing, neighborhood walkability, food security, job creation, and youth engagement. We provide a synopsis of locations and initiatives in different phases of development along with characteristics to support effectiveness and strategies to overcome challenges. The projects cover locations such as Atlanta (GA), Los Angeles (CA), the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), South Bronx (NY), and Utica (NY). Such insight can develop our understanding of green space projects that support health equity and inform the dialogue on this topic in ways that advance research and advocacy. PMID:29165367

Temperature Changes in the United States. Chapter 6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vose, R. S.; Easterling, D. R.; Kunkel, K. E.; LeGrande, A. N.; Wehner, M. F.

2017-01-01

Temperature is among the most important climatic elements used in decision-making. For example, builders and insurers use temperature data for planning and risk management while energy companies and regulators use temperature data to predict demand and set utility rates. Temperature is also a key indicator of climate change: recent increases are apparent over the land, ocean, and troposphere, and substantial changes are expected for this century. This chapter summarizes the major observed and projected changes in near-surface air temperature over the United States, emphasizing new data sets and model projections since the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3). Changes are depicted using a spectrum of observations, including surface weather stations, moored ocean buoys, polar-orbiting satellites, and temperature-sensitive proxies. Projections are based on global models and downscaled products from CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) using a suite of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; see Ch. 4: Projections for more on RCPs and future scenarios).

Lighting for Tomorrow: Building on the results of the first national energy-efficient lighting fixture design competition in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gordon, Kelly L.; Foster, Rebecca; McGowan, Terry

2005-05-09

Lighting for Tomorrow was the first residential lighting fixture design competition conducted in the United States to focus on energy-efficient light sources. Sponsored by the American Lighting Association, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency, and the U.S. Department of Energy, the competition was carried out in two phases between 2002 and 2004. Five winning fixture designs were selected from a field of 24 finalists. The paper describes the competition in detail, including its origins, sponsors, structure and rules, timeline, prizes, selection criteria, and judges. The paper describes the results of the competition, including industry response, promotion and publicity efforts, technical andmore » design innovations demonstrated by the winners, and retail placements to date. Finally, the paper offers several lessons learned that are instructive for future efforts to promote high-efficiency lighting through the design competition approach.« less

A proposed USAF fatigue evaluation program based upon recent systems experience

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haviland, G. P.; Purkey, G. F.

1972-01-01

The United States Air Force has published a document entitled Aircraft Structural Integrity Program. One phase of the program is concerned with the fatigue life certification of all types of military aircraft. The document describes the criteria, analyses, and tests that are necessary in order to satisfy the USAF fatigue life requirement. Some recent and valid criticism has been directed toward the document, particularly the fatigue-life requirements contained in it. Some changes are proposed based on surveys conducted in the United States and abroad as well as some recent systems' experience. The surveys covered both military and civilian organizations. The fatigue certification case histories of selected military and commercial aircraft are presented. The design development element tests, preproduction design verification tests, and full-scale fatigue tests of each are described. A brief status report on the revisions to the MIL-A-008860 series specifications is included.

Assessing potential human health hazards and benefits from subtherapeutic antibiotics in the United States: tetracyclines as a case study.

PubMed

Cox, Louis Anthony Tony; Popken, Douglas A

2010-03-01

Many scientists, activists, regulators, and politicians have expressed urgent concern that using antibiotics in food animals selects for resistant strains of bacteria that harm human health and bring nearer a "postantibiotic era" of multidrug resistant "super-bugs." Proposed political solutions, such as the Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act (PAMTA), would ban entire classes of subtherapeutic antibiotics (STAs) now used for disease prevention and growth promotion in food animals. The proposed bans are not driven by formal quantitative risk assessment (QRA), but by a perceived need for immediate action to prevent potential catastrophe. Similar fears led to STA phase-outs in Europe a decade ago. However, QRA and empirical data indicate that continued use of STAs in the United States has not harmed human health, and bans in Europe have not helped human health. The fears motivating PAMTA contrast with QRA estimates of vanishingly small risks. As a case study, examining specific tetracycline uses and resistance patterns suggests that there is no significant human health hazard from continued use of tetracycline in food animals. Simple hypothetical calculations suggest an unobservably small risk (between 0 and 1.75E-11 excess lifetime risk of a tetracycline-resistant infection), based on the long history of tetracycline use in the United States without resistance-related treatment failures. QRAs for other STA uses in food animals also find that human health risks are vanishingly small. Whether such QRA calculations will guide risk management policy for animal antibiotics in the United States remains to be seen.

Eucalyptus Energy Farm: feasibility study and demonstration. Phase 1: site and species selection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mariani, E.O.; Wood, W.A.; Kouchoukos, P.C.

1978-06-01

The results of investigations to determine the feasibility for establishing ''Eucalyptus Energy Farms'' as a potential source of biomass derived energy are presented. Included in this report are: the results of an extensive literature search and numerous field interviews (both domestically and internationally) to identify those Eucalyptus species most suitable for use within the United States; a description of the site selection criteria, site selection process, and identification of potential sites for use in testing the Eucalyptus Energy Farm concept; a description of the Eucalyptus species selection criteria, species selection process, and an identification of the specific species recommended formore » testing at specific sites; preliminary engineering designs for each of the proposed plantation sites; and environmental impact considerations related to Eucalyptus growing. It is concluded that although the Eucalyptus are extremely temperature sensitive and the geographic areas which appear suitable for their planting (within the United States) are principally confined to western and central California and the warmest regions of the southeastern United States, each of the areas contain large amounts of marginal land which could be converted into Eucalyptus based biomass plantations. Suitable sites, which are representative of the larger marginal land areas, are immediately available for use in establishing Eucalyptus screening test sites. Furthermore, there are not significant environmental conditions which would preclude the establishment of these initial test sites. It is therefore recommended that efforts be initiated to obtain selected provenances of Eucalyptus seeds (of the designated species) for further field testing and data collection within the United States, and that actual site selection be initiated.« less

Supramolecular metal-organic frameworks that display high homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic activity for H2 production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Jia; Xu, Zi-Yue; Zhang, Dan-Wei; Wang, Hui; Xie, Song-Hai; Xu, Da-Wen; Ren, Yuan-Hang; Wang, Hao; Liu, Yi; Li, Zhan-Ting

2016-05-01

Self-assembly has a unique presence when it comes to creating complicated, ordered supramolecular architectures from simple components under mild conditions. Here, we describe a self-assembly strategy for the generation of the first homogeneous supramolecular metal-organic framework (SMOF-1) in water at room temperature from a hexaarmed [Ru(bpy)3]2+-based precursor and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). The solution-phase periodicity of this cubic transition metal-cored supramolecular organic framework (MSOF) is confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering and diffraction experiments, which, as supported by TEM imaging, is commensurate with the periodicity in the solid state. We further demonstrate that SMOF-1 adsorbs anionic Wells-Dawson-type polyoxometalates (WD-POMs) in a one-cage-one-guest manner to give WD-POM@SMOF-1 hybrid assemblies. Upon visible-light (500 nm) irradiation, such hybrids enable fast multi-electron injection from photosensitive [Ru(bpy)3]2+ units to redox-active WD-POM units, leading to efficient hydrogen production in aqueous media and in organic media. The demonstrated strategy opens the door for the development of new classes of liquid-phase and solid-phase ordered porous materials.

Supramolecular metal-organic frameworks that display high homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic activity for H 2 production

DOE PAGES

Tian, Jia; Xu, Zi-Yue; Zhang, Dan-Wei; ...

2016-05-10

Self-assembly has a unique presence when it comes to creating complicated, ordered supramolecular architectures from simple components under mild conditions. Here, we describe a self-assembly strategy for the generation of the first homogeneous supramolecular metal-organic framework (SMOF-1) in water at room temperature from a hexaarmed [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ -based precursor and cucurbit[8] uril (CB[8]). The solution-phase periodicity of this cubic transition metal-cored supramolecular organic framework (MSOF) is confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering and diffraction experiments, which, as supported by TEM imaging, is commensurate with the periodicity in the solid state. We further demonstrate that SMOF-1 adsorbs anionic Wells-'Dawson-type polyoxometalatesmore » (WD-POMs) in a one-cage-one-guest manner to give WD-POM@SMOF-1 hybrid assemblies. Upon visible-light (500 nm) irradiation, such hybrids enable fast multi-electron injection from photosensitive [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ units to redox-active WD-POM units, leading to efficient hydrogen production in aqueous media and in organic media. The demonstrated strategy opens the door for the development of new classes of liquid-phase and solid-phase ordered porous materials.« less

Current practices in library/informatics instruction in academic libraries serving medical schools in the western United States: a three-phase action research study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background To conduct a systematic assessment of library and informatics training at accredited Western U.S. medical schools. To provide a structured description of core practices, detect trends through comparisons across institutions, and to identify innovative training approaches at the medical schools. Methods Action research study pursued through three phases. The first phase used inductive analysis on reported library and informatics skills training via publicly-facing websites at accredited medical schools and the academic health sciences libraries serving those medical schools. Phase Two consisted of a survey of the librarians who provide this training to undergraduate medical education students at the Western U.S. medical schools. The survey revealed gaps in forming a complete picture of current practices, thereby generating additional questions that were answered through the Phase Three in-depth interviews. Results Publicly-facing websites reviewed in Phase One offered uneven information about library and informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. The Phase Two survey resulted in a 77% response rate. The survey produced a clearer picture of current practices of library and informatics training. The survey also determined the readiness of medical students to pass certain aspects of the United States Medical Licensure Exam. Most librarians interacted with medical school curricular leaders through either curricula committees or through individual contacts. Librarians averaged three (3) interventions for training within the four-year curricula with greatest emphasis upon the first and third years. Library/informatics training was integrated fully into the respective curricula in almost all cases. Most training involved active learning approaches, specifically within Problem-Based Learning or Evidence-Based Medicine contexts. The Phase Three interviews revealed that librarians are engaged with the medical schools' curricular leaders, they are respected for their knowledge and teaching skills, and that they need to continually adapt to changes in curricula. Conclusions This study offers a long overdue, systematic view of current practices of library/informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. Medical educators, particularly curricular leaders, will find opportunities in this study's results for more productive collaborations with the librarians responsible for library and informatics training at their medical schools. PMID:24007301

Slit-scanning differential x-ray phase-contrast mammography: proof-of-concept experimental studies.

PubMed

Koehler, Thomas; Daerr, Heiner; Martens, Gerhard; Kuhn, Norbert; Löscher, Stefan; van Stevendaal, Udo; Roessl, Ewald

2015-04-01

The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of grating-based, differential phase-contrast, full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in terms of the requirements for field-of-view (FOV), mechanical stability, and scan time. A rigid, actuator-free Talbot interferometric unit was designed and integrated into a state-of-the-art x-ray slit-scanning mammography system, namely, the Philips MicroDose L30 FFDM system. A dedicated phase-acquisition and phase retrieval method was developed and implemented that exploits the redundancy of the data acquisition inherent to the slit-scanning approach to image generation of the system. No modifications to the scan arm motion control were implemented. The authors achieve a FOV of 160 × 196 mm consisting of two disjoint areas measuring 77 × 196 mm with a gap of 6 mm between them. Typical scanning times vary between 10 and 15 s and dose levels are lower than typical FFDM doses for conventional scans with identical acquisition parameters due to the presence of the source-grating G0. Only minor to moderate artifacts are observed in the three reconstructed images, indicating that mechanical vibrations induced by other system components do not prevent the use of the platform for phase contrast imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate x-ray gratings hardware into a clinical mammography unit. The results demonstrate that a scanning differential phase contrast FFDM system that meets the requirements of FOV, stability, scan time, and dose can be build.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Decommissioning Offshore Wells Using Stakeholder Engagement, Risk Identification, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battalora, L.; Prasad, M.

2017-12-01

Context/PurposeThe typical oil and gas project lifecycle includes acquisition, exploration, drilling, production, and decommissioning phases. The oil and gas industry (Industry) has become proactive in identifying and mitigating health, safety, security, environment, and social responsibility risks during these phases as well as designing for sustainable development. With many fields reaching the end stages of the lifecycle, Industry is faced with the challenge of identifying and evaluating risks in the decommissioning phase. The level of challenge is increased when planning for the decommissioning of offshore wells. This paper describes tools that can be applied in the multidisciplinary design of the decommissioning program including use of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). MethodsStakeholder engagement is key to a successful project. Typical stakeholders in an oil and gas project include the community, regulatory agencies, federal, state, and local governments, private investors, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Before engagement begins, stakeholders must be identified as well as their level of influence in the project. Relationships between stakeholders are "mapped" providing a better understanding of priorities and areas of concentration. Project risks are identified and ranked according to likelihood and impact. Mitigations are matched to risks. Sustainable development is implemented through acknowledgement of societal, economic, and environmental impacts in engineering design. InterpretationRecently, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, partnered to develop the publication, Mapping the oil and gas industry to the Sustainable Development Goals: An Atlas. SDGs have been linked to Industry operations and can serve as a guide for the offshore decommissioning phase ConclusionA multidisciplinary approach using stakeholder engagement and risk identification tools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is recommended for designing the decommissioning program of offshore wells. This recommendation also applies to onshore decommissioning programs.

Trust Development With the Spanish-Speaking Mexican American Patient: A Grounded Theory Study.

PubMed

Jones, Sharon M

2018-06-01

Interpersonal trust between patient and nurse is important in patient-centered care. Trust development may be more difficult if the patient and nurse do not speak the same language. In this grounded theory study, Spanish-speaking Mexican American adults ( n = 20) hospitalized on a medical-surgical or obstetric unit in the Midwestern United States were interviewed. Through data analysis, a model of how trust develops between nurse and patient revealed eight categories and the core category Caring for Me Well Even When Not Understanding Me. The beginning phase had four categories: Asking for Help, Bothering, Communicating, and Understanding. The middle phase had two categories: Platicando (chatting) and Being Available. The end point category was Having Trust, and outcomes were Feeling Comfortable and Feeling Supported. The language barrier was a hindrance to trust development but the nurse's way of being (personality) was more important. Therefore, the patient did develop trust with nurses who did not speak Spanish.