Sample records for united states private

  1. A Private [School] Matter: The State of Materials Challenges in Private College Preparatory School Libraries in the Southeast United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Franklin, Renee E.

    2008-01-01

    Materials challenges and censorship occur often in public and private educational settings. Private schools and their library media centers are not subject to the First Amendment but research reported in this article examines the state of challenges to materials held in private schools media centers in the southeast United States as a way to gauge…

  2. Small-scale, private lands forestry in the Lake States

    Treesearch

    Kathryn Fernholz

    2004-01-01

    Of the approximately 750 million acres of forests in the United States, approximately 46 percent is classified as "nonindustrial private forest" (NIPF). These are lands owned by private individuals, jointly or through family partnerships. According to the most recent USDA survey, there are 10,565,000 private woodland owners in the United States, collectively...

  3. 43 CFR 3503.15 - May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? 3503.15 Section 3503.15... silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? If you hold... New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United States. See parts 3580...

  4. 43 CFR 3503.15 - May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? 3503.15 Section 3503.15... silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? If you hold... New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United States. See parts 3580...

  5. 43 CFR 3503.15 - May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? 3503.15 Section 3503.15... silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? If you hold... New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United States. See parts 3580...

  6. 43 CFR 3503.15 - May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? 3503.15 Section 3503.15... silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land claim in New Mexico? If you hold... New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United States. See parts 3580...

  7. 48 CFR 52.225-26 - Contractors Performing Private Security Functions Outside the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., helicopters, and other military vehicles operated by Contractors performing private security functions; and... Private Security Functions Outside the United States. 52.225-26 Section 52.225-26 Federal Acquisition... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.225-26 Contractors Performing Private Security Functions...

  8. 48 CFR 52.225-26 - Contractors Performing Private Security Functions Outside the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., helicopters, and other military vehicles operated by Contractors performing private security functions; and... Private Security Functions Outside the United States. 52.225-26 Section 52.225-26 Federal Acquisition... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.225-26 Contractors Performing Private Security Functions...

  9. The private forest-land owners of the United States

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch; Douglas G. Lewis; H. Fred Kaiser

    1982-01-01

    A report on a 1978 survey of private forest-land owners, based on 11,076 questionnaires. About 7.8 million ownership units hold 333 million acres of privately owned forest land in the United States. Regional and subregional breakdowns are included for such important variables as form of ownership; owner's occupation, age, sex, race, residence, and education; size...

  10. Private forest-land owners of the United States, 1994

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

    1996-01-01

    A statistical analytical report on mail canvass of private forest-land owners in the United States. It discusses landowner characteristics, attitudes, harvesting experience, tenure, and management planning.

  11. Private forest-land owners of the Southern United States, 1994

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

    1997-01-01

    A statistical analytical report on mail canvass of private forest-land owners in the Southern United States. Landowner characteristics, attitudes, harvesting experience, tenure, and management planning are discussed.

  12. Private forest-land owners of the Northern United States, 1994

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

    1996-01-01

    A statistical analytical report on mail canvass of private forest-land owners in the Northern United States. Landowner characteristics attitudes harvesting experience tenure and management planning are discussed.

  13. Private forest-land owners of the Western United States, 1994

    Treesearch

    Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

    1997-01-01

    A statistical analytical report on mail canvass of private forest-land owners in the Western United States. Landowner characteristics attitudes harvesting experience tenure and management planning are discussed.

  14. Private lands and outdoor recreation in the United States

    Treesearch

    R. Jeff Teasley; John C. Bergstrom; H. Ken Cordell; Stanley J. Zarnoch; Paul Gentle

    1999-01-01

    Outdoor recreation on private land is influenced by myriad factors. To provide background and context on these factors, this chapter first overviews the private land situation in the United States and provides general information and discussion related to ownership and tenure, land-use patterns, legal restrictions, and economic conditions, including taxation issues....

  15. Forest Land Ownership in the Conterminous United States [map

    Treesearch

    Mark D. Nelson; Greg C. Liknes

    2007-01-01

    Patterns of public and private forestland ownership vary across the United States. For example, two-thirds of western forestland is publicly owned, mostly by federal agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service. However, more than 80 percent of eastern forestland is privately owned. Private forestland is further...

  16. Map of forest ownership in the conterminous United States. [Scale 1:7,500,000].

    Treesearch

    Mark D. Nelson; Greg C. Liknes; Brett J. Butler

    2010-01-01

    This map depicts the spatial distribution of forest land across the conterminous United States, in 2007, differentiated into public vs. private forest land, and the percentage of corporate ownership of private forest land. Notable differences between eastern and western United States are evident on the map. Over two-thirds of western forest land is publicly owned, the...

  17. The politics of health care reforms in U.S. presidential elections.

    PubMed

    Navarro, Vicente

    2008-01-01

    This article analyzes why people in the United States have major problems in accessing medical care that are due to financial constraints. The author suggests that the cause of these problems is the way in which medical care and elections are funded in the United States, with private sources being the largest component in the funding of both activities. The article includes a comparison of funding of the electoral process in the United States with similar electoral processes in the countries of the European Union, and postulates that privatization of the funding of U.S. elections (primary and general) is responsible for privatization of the funding of medical care-the root of people's problem in paying for their medical care. Privatization of election funding gives undue power to the economic, financial, and professional groups that dominate medicine in the United States.

  18. Private Landowner Attitudes Concerning Public Access for Outdoor Recreation: Cultural and Political Factors in the United States

    Treesearch

    Paul Gentle; John Berhstrom; H. Ken Cordell; Jeff Teasley

    1999-01-01

    In this article issues concerning national commonalities and regional differences in the United States regarding private land and outdoor recreation are reviewed. Based on the particular cultural and political backgrounds of each region, it is hypothesized that landowners will exhibit degrees of differences in their attitudes regarding public access to private land....

  19. Statistics of Private High Schools and Academies, 1919-20. Bulletin, 1922, No. 9

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bonner, H. R.

    1922-01-01

    The included tables present the statistics of 2,093 private high schools and academies in the continental United States and of 4 such schools in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Throughout the summary tables the totals for the United States do not include the statistics of these 4 schools in the outlying possessions. No reports from private high schools…

  20. Threats to at-risk species in America's private forests: a Forests on the Edge report

    Treesearch

    Mary A. Carr; Ronald E. McRoberts; Lisa G. Mahal; Sara J. Comas

    2010-01-01

    More than 4,600 native animal and plant species associated with private forests in the United States are at risk of decline or extinction. This report identifies areas across the conterminous United States where at-risk species habitats in rural private forests are most likely to decrease because of increases in housing density from 2000 to 2030. We also identify areas...

  1. Values and motivations of private forest owners in the United States: a framework based on open-ended responses in the national woodland owner survey

    Treesearch

    David N. Bengston; Brett J. Butler; Stanley T. Asah

    2009-01-01

    The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS) is a recurring and comprehensive national survey of private forest landowners in the United States, and is a social complement to the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program's biologic resource inventory. An open-ended question in the NWOS explores private forest owners' motivations and values...

  2. Government regulation of forestry practices on private forest land in the United States: an assessment of state government responsibilities and program performance

    Treesearch

    Paul V. Ellefson; Michael A. Kilgore; James E. Granskog

    2006-01-01

    In 2003, a comprehensive assessment of state government, forest practice regulatory programs in the United States was undertaken. Involved was an extensive review of the literature and information gathering h m program administration in all 50 states. The assessment determined that regulatory programs focus on a wide range of forestry practices applied to private...

  3. COMPUTER MODEL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE UNITED STATES

    EPA Science Inventory

    Computer-based mathematical models for urban water resources planning, management and design are widely used by engineers and planners in both the public and private sectors. In the United States, the majority of the users are in the private (consulting) sector, yet most of the m...

  4. Private payer telehealth reimbursement in the United States.

    PubMed

    Antoniotti, Nina M; Drude, Kenneth P; Rowe, Nancy

    2014-06-01

    Significant information is available about government-reimbursed telehealth services such as Medicare and Medicaid across the United States. Although currently 20 states mandate reimbursement for telehealth services and some private insurers have voluntarily covered those services in other states, relatively little is known about telehealth provider experiences with reimbursement from private insurance payers. To investigate this, the American Telemedicine Association's (ATA's) Telemental Health Special Interest Group (SIG), the Policy Group, and the Business and Finance SIG, with the help of ATA staff, conducted a national private payer reimbursement online survey in 2012 using Survey Monkey™ (Palo Alto, CA) ( www.surveymonkey.com/ ). Survey responses were received from respondents in 46 of the 50 states. The survey found that telehealth services are being reimbursed by private payers but that progress in reimbursement has been relatively slow compared with earlier surveys. Key findings from this study were that government payers as well as several major private payers are highly influential in payment policies for telehealth private payers, that private payers have administrative rules regarding telehealth reimbursement that are barriers to services and reimbursement, and that some providers would benefit from being better informed about billing and coding for telehealth services and how to advocate for telehealth services reimbursement.

  5. The welfare state, pensions, privatization: the case of Social Security in the United States.

    PubMed

    Du Boff, R B

    1997-01-01

    In all high-income nations, the welfare state is under challenge, with particular concern voiced about the burden of retirement pensions on the public fisc and on younger workers. The strongest drive against social insurance is taking place in the United States, which has less of it than other nations and appears to be in the best position to meet future entitlement claims. In this article, the author examines the liabilities that the U.S. Social Security system is likely to incur over the next 35 years and finds that there is little danger that the system will fall into insolvency. Privatizing Social Security is not necessary to assure the integrity of future pension benefits. Furthermore, the cost-benefit ratio of privatization appears to be unfavorable, as borne out by the mandatory private pension plan in effect in Chile. Some wealthy nations will face greater demographic strains than the United States, but all need to retain the welfare state as a foundation for future changes in the world of work.

  6. A Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management for the United States Virgin Islands

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Mutryce A.

    2016-01-01

    Public-private partnerships in emergency management are widely encouraged in the academic literature, yet the government of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) tends to view collaboration from the private sector as an impediment to good policy. This occurs in spite of the island nation's geography that makes it susceptible to natural and human…

  7. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry At a Glance

    Treesearch

    Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry USDA Forest Service

    2006-01-01

    The State and Private Forestry branch of the USDA Forest Service promotes sustainable management of non-Federal forest lands, which make up two-thirds of the forests in the United States. This work supports the Forest Service?s role as steward of the Nation?s forests and ensures that private forests yield public benefits. Among these benefits are clean air, drinking...

  8. Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results From the 2007-08 Private School Universe Survey--First Look. NCES 2009-313

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughman, Stephen P.; Swaim, Nancy L.; Keaton, Patrick W.

    2009-01-01

    Since 1989, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has conducted the biennial Private School Universe Survey (PSS) for the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The PSS is designed to generate biennial data on the total number of private schools, students, and teachers, and to build a universe of private schools in the 50 states and the District…

  9. 77 FR 70780 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Contractors Performing Private...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-27

    ...; Submission for OMB Review; Contractors Performing Private Security Functions Outside the United States... new information collection requirement concerning Contractors Performing Private Security Functions... identified by Information Collection 9000- 0184, Contractors Performing Private Security Functions Outside...

  10. Challenges of socio-economically evaluating wildfire management on non-industrial private and public forestland in the western United States

    Treesearch

    Tyron J. Venn; David E. Calkin

    2009-01-01

    Non-industrial private forests (NIPFs) and public forests in the United States generate many non-market benefits for landholders and society generally. These values can be both enhanced and diminished by wildfire management. This paper considers the challenges of supporting economically efficient allocation of wildfire suppression resources in a social cost-benefit...

  11. Gender Differences in Promotion Experiences at Two Elite Private Liberal Arts Colleges in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berheide, Catherine White; Christenson, Lisa; Linden, Rena; Bray, Una

    2013-01-01

    In colleges and universities throughout the United States, women are underrepresented at the rank of full professor. This national pattern holds true at two highly selective small private liberal arts colleges in the Northeast, one formerly a men's college and the other formerly a women's college. Analysis of personnel data at the former women's…

  12. Private Catholic Elementary Schools Established by Religious Congregations in the United States: Emerging Governance Models

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walsh, Mary Grace

    2010-01-01

    Private Catholic elementary schools in the United States often trace their origins to religious congregations of women and men. The rapid decline of religious vocations and the choice of many religious to serve in diverse ministries since the Second Vatican Council, has had an effect on all Catholic schools. Schools founded by religious…

  13. Private Higher Education in the United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pattillo, Manning M., Jr.

    This monograph offers reflections on the role of private higher education in American society. Chapter 1, "Scope and Diversity of Private Higher Education," defines private higher education and notes that private institutions run the gamut from liberal arts colleges to comprehensive colleges and universities, to specialized institutions, two-year…

  14. Private sector deployment of intelligent transportation systems : current status and trends

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2006-02-01

    This report summarizes the current state of deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems and related technologies by the private sector in the United States. Coverage is focused primarily on in-vehicle entertainment, information and communication...

  15. The geography of private forests that support at-risk species in the conterminous United States

    Treesearch

    Marcos D. Robles; Curtis H. Flather; Mark D. Nelson; Andrew Cutko

    2008-01-01

    In this study, we present a coarse-scale, first approximation of the geographic areas where privately owned forests support at-risk species in the conterminous United States. At-risk species are defined as those species listed under the US Endangered Species Act or with a global conservation status rank of critically imperiled, imperiled, or vulnerable. Our results...

  16. A Report to the President and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel Graduates of Accredited Private Health Career Schools in the United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Medical Technologists, Park Ridge, IL.

    This report supplements two earlier government studies on health personnel in the United States, focusing on graduates of allied health programs in private, for-profit schools. The report contains the following tables: (1) Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) Accredited Schools and Specialized Programs; (2) Allied Health Programs…

  17. Recreation and protected land resources in the United States: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment

    Treesearch

    H. Ken Cordell; Carter J. Betz; Stanley J. Zarnoch

    2013-01-01

    This report provides an overview of the public and private land and water resources of the United States. Described is use of natural and developed land as recreation resources with an emphasis on nature-based recreation. Also described is land protection through conservation organizations and public funding programs, with an emphasis on protecting private land through...

  18. 76 FR 39645 - Exemptions for Advisers to Venture Capital Funds, Private Fund Advisers With Less Than $150...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-06

    ... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brian McLaughlin Johnson, Tram N. Nguyen or David A. Vaughan, at (202) 551..., 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549-8549. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Commission is adopting... States 4. United States Person C. Foreign Private Advisers 1. Clients 2. Private Fund Investor 3. In the...

  19. A closer look at forests on the edge: future development on private forests in three states.

    Treesearch

    Eric White; Rhonda. Mazza

    2008-01-01

    Privately owned forests provide many public benefits, including clean water and air, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities. By 2030, 44.2 million acres of rural private forest land across the conterminous United States are projected to experience substantial increases in residential development. As housing density increases, the public benefits provided by...

  20. The Relationship between Private Schooling and Earnings: A Review of the Evidence for the US and the UK. Occasional Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Celia; Belfield, Clive R.

    Despite the strategic importance of the private-school sector to education policy reform, and a general belief in the superiority of private schools, there is very little evidence on the relative effects of such schooling in comparison with public schools. This paper reviews the current evidence in the United States and United Kingdom on the…

  1. 33 CFR 66.05-5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....05-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION State Aids to Navigation § 66.05-5 Definitions. (a) The term State waters for private aids to navigation means those navigable waters of the United States which the Commandant, upon...

  2. 33 CFR 66.05-5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....05-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION State Aids to Navigation § 66.05-5 Definitions. (a) The term State waters for private aids to navigation means those navigable waters of the United States which the Commandant, upon...

  3. 33 CFR 66.05-5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....05-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION State Aids to Navigation § 66.05-5 Definitions. (a) The term State waters for private aids to navigation means those navigable waters of the United States which the Commandant, upon...

  4. 33 CFR 66.05-5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....05-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION State Aids to Navigation § 66.05-5 Definitions. (a) The term State waters for private aids to navigation means those navigable waters of the United States which the Commandant, upon...

  5. 33 CFR 66.05-5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....05-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRIVATE AIDS TO NAVIGATION State Aids to Navigation § 66.05-5 Definitions. (a) The term State waters for private aids to navigation means those navigable waters of the United States which the Commandant, upon...

  6. The Federal Forest Stewardship Program and its implications for sustainable forestry on private forest ownerships in the United States

    Treesearch

    Robert J. Moulton; J. Dixon Esseks

    2002-01-01

    A 72 percent response rate was achieved in 1998 and 1999 national survey of 1,238 participants in the USDA Forest Service's Forest Stewardship Program, under which 130,000 individual multiple resource plans encompassing 16.5 million acres (6.5 million ha) of privately owned forest lands in the United States had been completed. Objectives were to determine if the...

  7. How Do Parents Choose Schools, and What Schools Do They Choose? A Literature Review of Private School Choice Programs in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holmes Erickson, Heidi

    2017-01-01

    I review the literature on how parents select schools when participating in private choice programs in the United States. I address two sub-questions. First, do parents have the incentives and motivation needed to participate in a schooling market? Second, when selecting a school, what school characteristics do parents consider? I find three…

  8. Cooperative partnerships and the role of private landowners

    Treesearch

    T. Bently Wigley; James M. Sweeney

    1993-01-01

    Because most land, including forest land, in the United States is privately owned, it is clear the private sector should be a major cooperator in "Partners in Flight" efforts to conserve neotropical migratory birds. The "private sector" is more than forest landowners, whether corporate or noncorporate; it includes agricultural landowners, mining...

  9. 26 CFR 509.114 - Private pensions and life annuities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Private pensions and life annuities. 509.114...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS SWITZERLAND General Income Tax § 509.114 Private pensions and life annuities. (a) General. Private pensions and life annuities derived from sources within the United States and...

  10. 26 CFR 509.114 - Private pensions and life annuities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Private pensions and life annuities. 509.114...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS SWITZERLAND General Income Tax § 509.114 Private pensions and life annuities. (a) General. Private pensions and life annuities derived from sources within the United States and...

  11. 26 CFR 509.114 - Private pensions and life annuities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true Private pensions and life annuities. 509.114...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS SWITZERLAND General Income Tax § 509.114 Private pensions and life annuities. (a) General. Private pensions and life annuities derived from sources within the United States and...

  12. 26 CFR 509.114 - Private pensions and life annuities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2014-04-01 2010-04-01 true Private pensions and life annuities. 509.114...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS SWITZERLAND General Income Tax § 509.114 Private pensions and life annuities. (a) General. Private pensions and life annuities derived from sources within the United States and...

  13. 26 CFR 509.114 - Private pensions and life annuities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2013-04-01 2010-04-01 true Private pensions and life annuities. 509.114...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS SWITZERLAND General Income Tax § 509.114 Private pensions and life annuities. (a) General. Private pensions and life annuities derived from sources within the United States and...

  14. The Year in Forestry, State and Private Forestry in the Northeast and Midwest Fiscal Year 2007, July 2008

    Treesearch

    US Forest Service Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry

    2008-01-01

    The Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (NA), a unit of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, covers a 20-State region and the District of Columbia. The region is home to 41 percent of the nation's people and 23 percent of its forests. Private landowners hold nearly 130 million acres, including forest land owned by almost 5 million family...

  15. Donating the Voucher: An Alternative Tax Treatment of Private School Enrollment. Research Briefs in Economic Policy, Number 1

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Samwick, Andrew

    2014-01-01

    In the United States, parents send about 10 percent of elementary and secondary school-age children to private schools, which through their accreditation meet the requirement that students receive an adequate education. By paying out of pocket for their children's private education, these families relieve a financial burden on local, state, and…

  16. The Year in Forestry, State and Private Forestry in the Northeast and Midwest Fiscal Year 2008, August 2009

    Treesearch

    USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry

    2009-01-01

    People and abundant open space come together in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. In no other place do private landowners control a greater share of the landscape. This region contains one of the largest concentrations of privately owned forests in the world intermingled with the highest population density in the Nation.

  17. State property tax incentives for promoting ecosystem goods and services from private forest land in the United States: a review and analysis

    Treesearch

    Michael A. Kilgore; Paul B. Ellefson; Travis J. Funk; Gregory E. Frey

    2017-01-01

    Financial incentives provided by State property tax programs are a means of promoting ecosystem services from private forest land. Identified by this 50-State 2015 review, categories of ecosystem services frequently promoted by such programs are open space and scenic resources, conservation of...

  18. Wisconsin private timberland owners: 1997.

    Treesearch

    Earl C. Leatherberry

    2001-01-01

    Identifies and profiles Wisconsin's private timberland owners. Estimates the number and distribution of private timberland owners by owner attitudes and objectives concerning forest ownership; management, and use. Provides 45 tables relating owner and property characteristics for the State and its five survey units.

  19. Mission Statements of Christian Elementary Schools in the United States and the Netherlands

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zandstra, Anne M.

    2012-01-01

    This study compares the mission statements of a small sample of Christian elementary schools in the United States and the Netherlands. In the United States, Christian schools are private schools, while in the Netherlands Christian schools receive state funding, just like public schools. Content analysis of mission statements revealed similarities…

  20. Size of forest holdings and family forests: implications for forest management in South Carolina.

    Treesearch

    Brian Williams; Thomas Straka; Richard Harper

    2012-01-01

    There are about 11.3 million private forest owners in the United States; of those, 10.4 million are family forest owners who control 62% of the nation's private timberland. South Carolina has about 262,000 family forest owners who control almost two-thirds of the state's private timberland (Butler, 2008). In the recent past, these ownerships were generally...

  1. Science & Engineering Indicators - 1991. Tenth Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. National Science Board.

    This report is designed to provide public and private policymakers with a broad base of quantitative information about United States science and engineering research and education and about United States technology in a global context. This document begins with a synopsis of United States science and technology. Chapter 1, "Precollege Science and…

  2. Private timberland owners of Michigan, 1994.

    Treesearch

    Earl C. Leatherberry; Neal P. Kingsley; Thomas W. Birch

    1998-01-01

    Identifies and profiles Michigan's private timberland owners. Estimates the number and distribution of private timberland owners by owner attitudes and objectives concerning forest ownership, management, and use. Provides 45 tables relating to owner and property characteristics for the state and its four survey units.

  3. Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the 2011-12 Private School Universe Survey. First Look. NCES 2013-316

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughman, Stephen P.; Swaim, Nancy L.

    2013-01-01

    In 1988, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) developed a private school data collection that improved on the sporadic collection of private school data dating back to 1890 by developing an alternative to commercially available private school sampling frames. Since 1989, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has conducted the biennial…

  4. The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Rodwin, Victor G.

    2003-01-01

    The French health system combines universal coverage with a public–private mix of hospital and ambulatory care and a higher volume of service provision than in the United States. Although the system is far from perfect, its indicators of health status and consumer satisfaction are high; its expenditures, as a share of gross domestic product, are far lower than in the United States; and patients have an extraordinary degree of choice among providers. Lessons for the United States include the importance of government’s role in providing a statutory framework for universal health insurance; recognition that piecemeal reform can broaden a partial program (like Medicare) to cover, eventually, the entire population; and understanding that universal coverage can be achieved without excluding private insurers from the supplementary insurance market. PMID:12511380

  5. School Choice in Spain and the United States: A Comparative Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Umpstead, Regina; Jankens, Benjamin; Ortega Gil, Pablo; Weiss, Linda; Umpstead, Bruce

    2016-01-01

    This article explores issues of school choice in Spain and the United States by examining the roles and functions of "centros concertados," publicly funded private schools in Spain, and public charter schools in the United States, to provide key insights into the similarities and differences between them. After making a national…

  6. The Limits of Privatization.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Starr, Paul

    Transferring public services and public assets to private ownership is not an entirely new idea. Governments at all levels in the United States have for years contracted out many services. However, under the recently coined label "privatization," such policies now come recommended as a more comprehensive approach to the problems of…

  7. 43 CFR 1864.0-2 - Objectives.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... eliminate the necessity for court action or private legislation in those instances where the United States... there is a cloud on the title to the lands, attributable to the United States, and that: (1) A record...

  8. Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the 2015-16 Private School Universe Survey. First Look. NCES 2017-073

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughman, Stephen P.; Rettig, Adam; Peterson, Jennifer

    2017-01-01

    In 1988, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) developed a private school data collection that improved on the sporadic collection of private school data dating back to 1890 and at the same time developed an alternative to commercially available private school sampling frames. Since 1989, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has conducted…

  9. Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the 2009-10 Private School Universe Survey. First Look. NCES 2011-339

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughman, Stephen P.; Swaim, Nancy L.; Hryczaniuk, Cassie A.

    2011-01-01

    In 1988, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) introduced a proposal to develop a private school data collection that would improve on the sporadic collection of private school data dating back to 1890 and improve on commercially available private school sampling frames. Since 1989, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has conducted the…

  10. Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the 2013-14 Private School Universe Survey. First Look. NCES 2016-243

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Broughman, Stephen P.; Swaim, Nancy L.

    2016-01-01

    In 1988, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) developed a private school data collection that improved on the sporadic collection of private school data dating back to 1890 and at the same time developed an alternative to commercially available private school sampling frames. Since 1989, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has conducted…

  11. Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in the United States: Results from the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2013-314

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goldring, Rebecca; Gray, Lucinda; Bitterman, Amy

    2013-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the Public School Teacher and Private School Teacher Data Files of the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public and private K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. School districts associated with…

  12. Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary School Principals in the United States: Results from the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2013-313

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bitterman, Amy; Goldring, Rebecca; Gray, Lucinda

    2013-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the Public School Principal and Private School Principal Data Files of the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public and private K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. School districts associated…

  13. Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Schools in the United States: Results from the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2013-312

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bitterman, Amy; Gray, Lucinda; Goldring, Rebecca

    2013-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the Public School and Private School Data Files of the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public and private K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. School districts associated with public schools…

  14. 75 FR 66822 - Study on Extraterritorial Private Rights of Action

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-29

    ... Extraterritorial Private Rights of Action AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Request for Comments... and thereafter conduct a study to determine the extent to which private rights of action under the... United States to bring actions under Section 10(b) in cases involving transnational securities fraud...

  15. Private forest habitat for at-risk species: where is it and where might it be changing?

    Treesearch

    Ronald E. McRoberts; Mark D. Nelson; Lisa Mahal; Curtis H. Flather; Ralph J. Alig; Sara Comas

    2010-01-01

    Owned by individuals, families, corporations, and other private groups, private forests account for almost 60% of all forestland in the conterminous United States and provide critical habitat for wildlife, including over 3,700 at-risk plant and animal species. Extensive areas of private forest and other land covers have experienced increased housing development in...

  16. 15 CFR 960.4 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.4 Application. No person subject to the jurisdiction and/or control of the United States may operate a private remote sensing space system without a...

  17. 15 CFR 960.4 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.4 Application. No person subject to the jurisdiction and/or control of the United States may operate a private remote sensing space system without a...

  18. 15 CFR 960.4 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.4 Application. No person subject to the jurisdiction and/or control of the United States may operate a private remote sensing space system without a...

  19. 15 CFR 960.4 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.4 Application. No person subject to the jurisdiction and/or control of the United States may operate a private remote sensing space system without a...

  20. 15 CFR 960.4 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... SERVICE LICENSING OF PRIVATE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS Licenses § 960.4 Application. No person subject to the jurisdiction and/or control of the United States may operate a private remote sensing space system without a...

  1. Wealth "Dynamics" in the 1980s and 1990s: Sweden and the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Klevmarken, N. Anders; Lupton, Joseph P.; Stafford, Frank P.

    2003-01-01

    Given differences in public saving programs between Sweden and the United States, an examination of household private wealth accumulation in these two countries can be enlightening. In this paper we examine wealth inequality and mobility in Sweden and the United States over the past decade. We show that wealth inequality has been significantly…

  2. Getting on Board: The Private Sector and Learning Readiness.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Koprowicz, Constance; Myers, John

    Developed by the Women's NETWORK, a group representing women serving in state legislatures in the United States, this report examines how the private sector is involved in promoting learning readiness at the preschool level. The report begins with an introduction and a discussion of the importance of learning readiness as a national goal. The…

  3. Valuing public sector risk exposure in transportation public-private partnerships.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-10-01

    This report presents a methodological framework to evaluate public sector financial risk exposure when : delivering transportation infrastructure through public-private partnership (PPP) agreements in the United : States (U.S.). The framework is base...

  4. Enterprise Workplan for FY2002-2003

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-11-01

    The ENTERPRISE Program is a pooled-fund with member agencies in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands. Its main purpose is to use the pooled resources of its members, private sector partners and the United States federal government to develo...

  5. Differences in private health insurance coverage for working male Hispanics.

    PubMed

    Fronstin, P; Goldberg, L G; Robins, P K

    1997-01-01

    In 1993, 33.8% of all nonelderly adult Hispanics living in the United States lacked health insurance coverage (either private or public), compared to 8.1% of the entire nonelderly population. Because Hispanics are more likely to be uninsured than any other ethnic group and because they are the fastest growing minority group in the United States, the increase in the Hispanic population is likely to increase the proportion of the population without health insurance. Particularly striking are differences in private health insurance coverage among the three major Hispanic groups--Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Puerto Ricans. In this paper, regression-based decomposition analysis is used to explain the sources of differences in private health insurance coverage among working males in these three group. The results indicate that among the study population, Cuban-Americans have higher rates of private health insurance coverage than Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans, and that wage rates, levels of education, age, occupation, and marital status explain most of the difference.

  6. The End of Public Schools? The Corporate Reform Agenda to Privatize Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hursh, David

    2017-01-01

    In this speech, Hursh shows how public education in the United States is undergoing profound changes. Education policy has been hijacked by the unelected and unaccountable corporate reformers who aspire to overhaul the education system through a corporate model of privatization and market competition. They aim to privatize education through…

  7. Dynamics of Private Sector Support for Education: Experiences in Latin America

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brady, Kristin; Galisson, Kirsten

    2008-01-01

    Recognizing the diversity of models and strategies for private sector participation in education that have emerged in Latin America, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) requested the Academy for Educational Development (AED) to conduct research with leaders in the public and private sectors in several countries. While…

  8. A Framework for Action To Make Private Housing Lead-Safe: A Proposal To Focus National Attention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning, Washington, DC.

    This framework sets forth detailed proposals that are crucial to eliminating the epidemic of childhood lead poisoning in the United States. Private housing units can and must be made lead-safe, and this framework is designed to achieve that goal through specific requirements for property owners, a workable schedule, and mechanisms that reinforce…

  9. Forest nursery seedling production in the United States—fiscal year 2012

    Treesearch

    Richard Harper; George Hernandez; Justin Arseneault; Michelle Bryntesen; Scott Enebak; Ronald Overton

    2013-01-01

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, State and Private Forestry (S&PF) began reporting tree planting in the United States in 1952 in an annual report, Tree Planting in the United States. In 2000, the report was discontinued amid growing concern over the manner in which much of the tree planting data were collected.

  10. Multiple value forest surveys in the Midsouth states

    Treesearch

    Victor A. Rudis

    1990-01-01

    State-of-the-art achievement and limitations in integrating water, range, wildlife, and recreation ("nontimber") inventories with forest surveys of the USDA-Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment station, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Unit are reviewed.The FIA Unit surveys private and public forests in 7 Midsouth states:Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana...

  11. Gaps in vaccine financing for underinsured children in the United States.

    PubMed

    Lee, Grace M; Santoli, Jeanne M; Hannan, Claire; Messonnier, Mark L; Sabin, James E; Rusinak, Donna; Gay, Charlene; Lett, Susan M; Lieu, Tracy A

    2007-08-08

    The number of new vaccines recommended for children and adolescents has nearly doubled during the past 5 years, and the cost of fully vaccinating a child has increased dramatically in the past decade. Anecdotal reports from state policy makers and clinicians suggest that new gaps have arisen in financial coverage of vaccines for children who are underinsured (ie, have private insurance that does not cover all recommended vaccines). In 2000, approximately 14% of children were underinsured for vaccines in the United States. To describe variation among states in the provision of new vaccines to underinsured children and to identify barriers to state purchase and distribution of new vaccines. A 2-phase mixed-methods study of state immunization program managers in the United States. The first phase included 1-hour qualitative telephone interviews conducted from November to December 2005 with 9 program managers chosen to represent different state vaccine financing policies. The second phase incorporated findings from phase 1 to develop a national telephone and paper-based survey of state immunization program managers that was conducted from January to June 2006. Percentage of states in which underinsured children are unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in the private or public sectors. Immunization program managers from 48 states (96%) participated in the study. Underinsured children were not eligible to receive publicly purchased meningococcal conjugate or pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the private sector in 70% and 50% of states, respectively, or in the public sector in 40% and 17% of states, respectively. Due to limited financing for new vaccines, 10 states changed their policies for provision of publicly purchased vaccines between 2004 and early 2006 to restrict access to selected new vaccines for underinsured children. The most commonly cited barriers to implementation in underinsured children were lack of sufficient federal and state funding to purchase vaccines. The current vaccine financing system has resulted in gaps for underinsured children in the United States, many of whom are now unable to receive publicly purchased vaccines in either the private or public sectors. Additional strategies are needed to ensure financial coverage for all vaccines, particularly new vaccines, among this vulnerable population.

  12. Private highway-rail grade crossing safety research and inquiry

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-02-01

    This report provides a summary of the private highway-rail grade crossing safety inquiry conducted by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe Center. The safety inquiry consisted of a series of pub...

  13. 14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Construction or Alteration in the Vicinity of the Private Residence of the President of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... of the Private Residence of the President of the United States Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 98 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Federal Aviation Regulation No. 98—Construction or Alteration in the Vicinity of the Private Residence of...

  14. Using Institutional Selection Factors to Develop Recruiting Profiles: Marketing Small, Private Colleges and Universities to Prospective Student Athletes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Gary R.; Jubenville, Colby; Goss, Benjamin

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to identify important college choice factors for entering freshmen student athletes at small, private higher education institutions that compete in an National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics-member athletic conference representing small, private schools across the southeastern United States. Using Gabert,…

  15. Private forest investment and long-run sustainable harvest volumes.

    Treesearch

    Ralph J. Alig; Darius M. Adams; John T. Chmelik; Pete Bettinger

    1999-01-01

    Private timberlands in the United States have the biological potential to provide larger quantities of timber on a sustainable basis than they do today. Most opportunities for increasing growth and harvest lie on nonindustrial private lands in the South. Past studies, based on fixed scenarios of future prices, also suggest that many of these opportunities for...

  16. One Approach to a Pluralist Dilemma: Private School Aid Policy in France, 1959-1985.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fowler, Frances C.

    Information about the French policy of government aid to private schools is presented in this report to promote understanding in the United States of the pluralist dilemma raised by the private school aid issue. An historical longitudinal policy evaluation involved document analysis and interviews with 16 French policy actors. The French policy is…

  17. Promoting High Quality Education at Small Private Universities: Leadership Challenges and Strategies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ngo, Kim Lien Thi

    2010-01-01

    The problem: The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics, roles, and contributions of non-profit, small private universities to the overall quality of higher education in the United States, as well as leadership challenges and strategies in promoting a total quality education at small private higher education institutions. …

  18. 77 FR 7132 - Request for Applicants for the Appointment to the United States-India CEO Forum

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-10

    ... appointment or reappointment as representatives to the U.S. Section of the Forum's private sector Committee....-India CEO Forum, consisting of both private and public sector members, brings together leaders of the... comprising private sector members. The Committee will be composed of two Sections, each consisting of 10-12...

  19. Hazardous materials training : DOT and private sector initiatives generally complement each other

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-07-01

    Every day, trucks and trains transport over 770,000 shipments of hazardous materials across the United States. Accidents involving these materials-spills, fires, and explosions-cost the United States over $459 million annually and can have serious co...

  20. Privately Controlled Higher Education in the United States. Bulletin, 1934, No. 12

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kelly, Fred J.; Ratcliffe, Ella B.

    1934-01-01

    The Higher Education Division of the United States Office of Education is making a series of studies on the subject of the relation of the State to higher education. The first of these studies completed "The State and Higher Education, Some Phases of Their Relationship." The second study is entitled "Supervision Exercised by States over Privately…

  1. An assessment of the cyber security legislation and its impact on the United States electrical sector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Born, Joshua

    The purpose of this research was to examine the cyber-security posture for the United States' electrical grid, which comprises a major component of critical infrastructure for the country. The United States electrical sector is so vast, that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimates, it contains more than 6,413 power plants (this includes 3,273 traditional electric utilities and 1,738 nonutility power producers) with approximately 1,075 gigawatts of energy produced on a daily basis. A targeted cyber-security attack against the electric grid would likely have catastrophic results and could even serve as a precursor to a physical attack against the United States. A recent report by the consulting firm Black and Veatch found that one of the top five greatest concerns for United States electric utilities is the risk that cybersecurity poses to their industry and yet, only one-third state they are currently prepared to meet the increasingly likely threat. The report goes on to state, "only 32% of electric utilities surveyed had integrated security systems with the proper segmentation, monitoring and redundancies needed for cyber threat protection. Another 48 % said they did not" Recent estimates indicate that a large-scale cyber-attack against this sector could cost the United States economy as much as a trillion dollars within a weeks' time. Legislative efforts in the past have primarily been focused on creating mandates that encourage public and private partnership, which have been not been adopted as quickly as desired. With 85 % of all electric utilities being privately owned, it is key that the public and private sector partner in order to mitigate risks and respond as a cohesive unit in the event of a major attack. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Professor Riddell, cyber security, energy, intelligence, outlook, electrical, compliance, legislation, partnerships, critical infrastructure.

  2. 22 CFR 123.11 - Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the U.S. Munitions List outside the United States. 123.11 Section 123.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.11 Movements of vessels and aircraft covered by the U.S. Munitions List outside the... privately-owned aircraft or vessel on the U.S. Munitions List makes a voyage outside the United States. (b...

  3. The neoliberal political economy and erosion of retirement security.

    PubMed

    Polivka, Larry; Luo, Baozhen

    2015-04-01

    The origins and trajectory of the crisis in the United States retirement security system have slowly become part of the discussion about the social, political, and economic impacts of population aging. Private sources of retirement security have weakened significantly since 1980 as employers have converted defined benefits precisions to defined contribution plans. The Center for Retirement Research (CRR) now estimates that over half of boomer generation retirees will not receive 70-80% of their wages while working. This erosion of the private retirement security system will likely increase reliance on the public system, mainly Social Security and Medicare. These programs, however, have increasingly become the targets of critics who claim that they are not financially sustainable in their current form and must be significantly modified. This article will focus on an analysis of these trends in the erosion of the United States retirement security system and their connection to changes in the United States political economy as neoliberal, promarket ideology, and policies (low taxes, reduced spending, and deregulation) have become dominant in the private and public sectors. The neoliberal priority on reducing labor costs and achieving maximum shareholder value has created an environment inimical to maintain the traditional system of pension and health care benefits in both the private and public sectors. This article explores the implications of these neoliberal trends in the United States economy for the future of retirement security. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  4. Private sector risk-sharing agreements in the United States: trends, barriers, and prospects.

    PubMed

    Garrison, Louis P; Carlson, Josh J; Bajaj, Preeti S; Towse, Adrian; Neumann, Peter J; Sullivan, Sean D; Westrich, Kimberly; Dubois, Robert W

    2015-09-01

    Risk-sharing agreements (RSAs) between drug manufacturers and payers link coverage and reimbursement to real-world performance or utilization of medical products. These arrangements have garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, greater use outside the United States raises questions as to why their use has been limited in the US private sector, and whether their use might increase in the evolving US healthcare system. To understand current trends, success factors, and challenges in the use of RSAs, we conducted a review of RSAs, interviews, and a survey to understand key stakeholders' experiences and expectations for RSAs in the US private sector. Trends in the numbers of RSAs were assessed using a database of RSAs. We also conducted in-depth interviews with stakeholders from pharmaceutical companies, payer organizations, and industry experts in the United States and European Union. In addition, we administered an online survey with a broader audience to identify perceptions of the future of RSAs in the United States. Most manufacturers and payers expressed interest in RSAs and see potential value in their use. Due to numerous barriers associated with outcomes-based agreements, stakeholders were more optimistic about financial-based RSAs. In the US private sector, however, there remains considerable interest--improved data systems and shifting incentives (via health reform and accountable care organizations) may generate more action. In the US commercial payer markets, there is continued interest among some manufacturers and payers in outcomes-based RSAs. Despite continued discussion and activity, the number of new agreements is still small.

  5. Private duty home care: what it means to real people across the nation.

    PubMed

    2011-04-01

    Private duty home care is growing rapidly to accommodate the needs of more and more seniors, disabled persons, and those with chronic conditions as these populations themselves are fast expanding and projected to continue to do so in the coming years and decades. The services that private duty/privately paid home care providers deliver each day to individuals across the United States can be absolutely essential to allowing them to remain in their own homes and communities leading as active and healthy lives as possible and continuing to contribute in the work force and to society as they are able. Requirements vary from state to state, and while most private duty agencies provide nonmedical companionship, homemaker, and personal care services--often described as assistance with activities of daily living--some incorporate licensed medical care as well.

  6. Climate Change Education: Engaging Family Private Forest Owners on Issues Related to Climate Change: A Workshop Summary

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beatty, Alexandra S.; Feder, Michael; Storksdieck, Martin

    2014-01-01

    The forested land in the United States is an asset that is owned and managed not only by federal, state, and local governments, but also by families and other private groups, including timber investment management organizations and real estate investment trusts. The more than 10 million family forestland owners manage the largest percentage of…

  7. The private forest landowners of Michigan.

    Treesearch

    Eugene M. Carpenter; Mark H. Hansen

    1985-01-01

    Estimates the number and distribution of nonindustrial private forest landowners in Michigan by size class and owner attitudes and objectives concerning forest ownership, management, and use. Provides 57 tables relating to owner and property characteristics for the state and its Forest Survey Units.

  8. 36 CFR 230.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Government which is October 1 through September 30. Landowner means any private individual, group, association, corporation, Indian tribe or other native group, or other private legal entity, excluding... the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of...

  9. Access to Space : The Future of U.S. Space Transportation Systems

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1990-04-01

    The United States now has an operating, mixed fleet comprised of reusable Space Shuttle orbiters and expendable launch vehicles (ELVs). The government and the private sector have invested in new launch technologies and established a fledgling private...

  10. Public-Private Collaboration in the Department of Defense

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-07-01

    In his 2010 National Security Strategy, President Obama described partnerships between the public and private sector as critical to United States security at home and abroad. These Public-Private Collaborations (PPCs) offer potential opportunities to increase the Department s mission effectiveness by leveraging the capabilities, knowledge, processes, and infrastructure brought to bear by private sector entities. Additionally, given today s constrained budget environment, PPCs also provide opportunities for efficiency and cost reductions.

  11. The High Return to Private Schooling in a Low-Income Country. Africa Growth Initiative. Working Paper 5

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bold, Tessa; Kimenyi, Mwangi; Mwabu, Germano; Sandefur, Justin

    2013-01-01

    Existing studies from the United States, Latin America and Asia provide scant evidence that private schools dramatically improve academic performance relative to public schools. Using data from Kenya--a poor country with weak public institutions--we find a large effect of private schooling on test scores, equivalent to one full standard deviation.…

  12. Private Schools and National Policy: A Comparative Study of Australia and the U.S.A.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Thomas A.

    This paper summarizes the findings of a questionnaire study comparing government aid to private schools in Australia and the United States. The study drew questions from those raised in a hearing of the Senate Committee on finance about tax credits for private schools. The paper covers the answers of ten Australian respondents, given in the form…

  13. Two Worlds of Private Tutoring: The Prevalence and Causes of After-School Mathematics Tutoring in Korea and the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Jaekyung

    2007-01-01

    Background/Context: Although prior research shows that the nature and extent of private tutoring practices vary significantly from country to country, differences between Eastern and Western countries in terms of their cultural and institutional aspects of private tutoring choice have not been closely examined. We need to bridge the gap by…

  14. Access to natural resources on private property: factors beyond right of entry

    Treesearch

    Clare Ginger; Marla R. Emery; Michelle J. Baumflek; David E. Punam

    2012-01-01

    Discussions of access to natural resources on private lands in the United States often focus on property rights and ownership. In Maine, changing ownership of private forestland has been associated with increased posting against trespass. This raises concerns about the terms of physical entry to land for resource use. While the right of entry is an important component...

  15. The Venture Capital of Higher Education. The Private and Public Sources of Discretionary Funds.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kramer, Martin

    How and why private and "private equivalent" resources (i.e., discretionary funds) have played such a large role in higher education in the United States, and how that role can continue to be performed in the financially troubled future, are outlined. Chapter One describes the "postponed crisis" precipitated by the end of growth in higher…

  16. Accelerated Christian Education: A Case Study of the Use of Race in Voucher-Funded Private Christian Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scaramanga, Jonny; Reiss, Michael J.

    2018-01-01

    President Donald Trump has promised an expansion of voucher programs for private schools in the United States. Private Christian schools are likely beneficiaries of such an expansion, but little research has been conducted about the curricula they use or their suitability for public funds. This article describes and critiques the depiction of race…

  17. Bladder cancer mortality and private well use in New England: An ecological study

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ayotte, J.D.; Baris, D.; Cantor, K.P.; Colt, J.; Robinson, G.R.; Lubin, J.H.; Karagas, M.; Hoover, R.N.; Fraumeni, J.F.; Silverman, D.T.

    2006-01-01

    Study objective: To investigate the possible relation between bladder cancer mortality among white men and women and private water use in New England, USA, where rates have been persistently raised and use of private water supplies (wells) common. Design: Ecological study relating age adjusted cancer mortality rates for white men and women during 1985-1999 and proportion of persons using private water supplies in 1970. After regressing mortality rates on population density, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between residual rates and the proportion of the population using private water supplies, using the state economic area as the unit of calculation. Calculations were conducted within each of 10 US regions. Setting: The 504 state economic areas of the contiguous United States. Participants: Mortality analysis of 11 cancer sites, with the focus on bladder cancer. Main results: After adjusting for the effect of population density, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between residual bladder cancer mortality rates and private water supply use among both men and women in New England (men, r=0.42; women, r=0.48) and New York/New Jersey (men, r=0.49; women, r=0.62). Conclusions: Use of well water from private sources, or a close correlate, may be an explanatory variable for the excess bladder cancer mortality in New England. Analytical studies are underway to clarify the relation between suspected water contaminants, particularly arsenic, and raised bladder cancer rates in northern New England.

  18. Text Messaging and Social Network Site Use to Facilitate Alcohol Involvement: A Comparison of U.S. and Korean College Students.

    PubMed

    Jensen, Michaeline; Hussong, Andrea M; Baik, Jeesook

    2018-05-01

    Alcohol-related content on public social networking sites (SNS) has been linked to collegiate alcohol use, but we know little about whether and how private forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC), like text messaging, are related to collegiate drinking, nor how alcohol-related CMC content and drinking are associated in non-Western cultures. We examined the ways in which private text messaging and SNS are used to facilitate alcohol involvement among U.S. (n = 575) and Korean (n = 462) college students (total N = 1037), two technologically wired cultures with prevalent collegiate alcohol misuse. Results show that college students prefer private text messaging over SNS to find parties and facilitate alcohol involvement, and this preference tends to be stronger in Korea than the United States. Private text messaging is more consistently and strongly associated with alcohol use frequency and heavy episodic drinking than SNS posts in both countries, with particularly robust associations between private text messaging and drinking in the United States. Findings underscore the role of CMCs in facilitating alcohol involvement and highlight the potential for analysis of private message content to further understand computer-mediated social processes in college student drinking.

  19. National health expenditures, 1995.

    PubMed

    Levit, K R; Lazenby, H C; Braden, B R; Cowan, C A; McDonnell, P A; Sivarajan, L; Stiller, J M; Won, D K; Donham, C S; Long, A M; Stewart, M W

    1996-01-01

    This article presents data on health care spending for the United States, covering expenditures for various types of medical services and products and their sources of funding from 1960 to 1995. In 1995, $988.5 billion was spent to purchase health care in the United States, up 5.5 percent from 1994. Growth in spending between 1993 and 1995 was the slowest in more than three decades, primarily because of slow growth in private health insurance and out-of-pocket spending. As a result, the share of health spending funded by private sources fell, reflecting the influence of increased enrollment in managed care plans.

  20. Gonorrhea prevention and clinical care in the private sector: lessons learned and priorities for quality improvement.

    PubMed

    Tao, Guoyu; Irwin, Kathleen L

    2006-11-01

    We reviewed literature on gonorrhea prevention and clinical care in the private sector, the setting where most gonorrhea cases in the United States are now diagnosed. Although most private-sector health settings had a low prevalence of gonorrhea (0.1-2.5%), some private emergency departments and specialty clinics that serve a large number of high-risk or infected patients had prevalences ranged from 1.7% to 11.0%. Studies of diverse settings and populations suggest that, in general, diagnostic testing of symptomatic patients (69-83%), appropriate treatment (61-100%), and case reporting (64-94%) are delivered more commonly than risk assessment for asymptomatic patients (15-28%), routine screening of pregnant women (31-77%), risk-reduction counseling (35-78%), and sex partner management (0-82%). To sustain the recent declines in gonorrhea incidence in the United States, private-sector providers and health systems must continue to offer gonorrhea prevention and clinical services and consider implementing interventions to improve delivery of risk assessment, risk-reduction counseling, and partner management services.

  1. Private highway-rail grade crossing safety research and inquiry. Volume 2 : appendices

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-02-01

    This report provides a summary of the private highway-rail grade crossing safety inquiry conducted by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Volpe Center. The safety inquiry consisted of a series of pub...

  2. Policy issues in U.S. transportation public-private partnerships lessons from Australia.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-07-01

    In this report, the authors examine Australias experience with transportation public-private partnerships (PPPs) and the lessons that experience holds for the use of PPPs in the United States. Australia now has decades of experience in PPP use in ...

  3. Airport Privatization: Issues Related to the Sale or Lease of U.S. Commercial Airports

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1996-11-07

    Examines the current extent of private sector participation at commerical : airports in the United States and foreign countries, the current incentives and : barriers to the sale or lease of airports, and the potential implications for : major stakeh...

  4. Advanced Traveler Information Service (ATIS) : private sector perceptions and public sector activities

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-01-01

    This paper presents the results of a study by the United States Department of Transportation Volpe Center to determine the nature and extent of the data gap between the needs of private sector Advanced Traveler Information Service (ATIS) provid...

  5. 32 CFR 516.49 - Expert witnesses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... RELATIONS LITIGATION Release of Information and Appearance of Witnesses Scope Da Personnel As Witnesses in Private Litigation § 516.49 Expert witnesses. (a) General rule. Present DA personnel will not provide... in which the United States has an interest for a party other than the United States. Former DA...

  6. A private-sector preferred provider network model for public health screening of newly resettled refugees.

    PubMed

    Geltman, Paul L; Cochran, Jennifer

    2005-02-01

    US law and regulations stipulate a process for the health screening of refugees. The responsibility of caring for refugees resettled in the United States rests, in part, with public health or welfare departments. Massachusetts has met its screening responsibilities through the innovative creation of a network of private preferred providers. We explore the Massachusetts model of public-private collaboration within the context of federal refugee health priorities and current state fiscal restraints affecting public health programs, and demonstrate the model's accomplishments.

  7. Characterizing the sustainable forestry issue network in thc United States

    Treesearch

    Steverson O. Moffat; Frederick W. Cubbage; Thomas P. Holmes; Elizabethann O' Sullivan

    2001-01-01

    Issue network analysis techniques were applied to the issue sustainable forestry in the United States to identify potential public and private outcomes for the issue. A quantitative approach based on work by Laumann and Knoke [(The Organizational State (1987)] was utilized in conjunction with the Delphi method. Results suggest that the parity in the distribution of...

  8. 76 FR 5373 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-31

    ..., guarantees, insurance and working capital credits. By neutralizing the effect of export credit support offered by foreign governments and by absorbing credit risks that the private sector will not accept, Ex... Bank of the United States (``Ex-Im Bank'') is the official export credit agency of the United States...

  9. 45 CFR 212.9 - Disclosure of information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ASSISTANCE FOR UNITED STATES... information of a personal and private nature with respect to an individual obtained at any time by any person... his entry into the United States; or (4) As expressly authorized by the Assistant Secretary. (b) An...

  10. 45 CFR 212.9 - Disclosure of information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ASSISTANCE FOR UNITED STATES... information of a personal and private nature with respect to an individual obtained at any time by any person... his entry into the United States; or (4) As expressly authorized by the Assistant Secretary. (b) An...

  11. 45 CFR 212.9 - Disclosure of information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ASSISTANCE FOR UNITED STATES... information of a personal and private nature with respect to an individual obtained at any time by any person... his entry into the United States; or (4) As expressly authorized by the Assistant Secretary. (b) An...

  12. The Resettlement of Indochinese Refugees in the United States: A Selected Bibliography.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Frankel, Robert, Comp.; And Others

    This bibliography lists selected current resource and reference materials on the domestic resettlement of Indochinese refugees in the United States. Citations include books, journal articles, government reports, congressional hearings, and various published and unpublished documents by individuals and private agencies. Works are divided under…

  13. 19 CFR 148.61 - Status as crewmembers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the United States engaged in the operation of a vessel, vehicle, or aircraft owned by, or under the complete control and management of, the United States or any of its agencies. (b) Persons engaged in the operation of a private or public aircraft. (c) Persons not connected with the operation, navigation...

  14. American Religious Leaders. American Biographies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hall, Timothy L.

    Founded on the principle of religious pluralism, the United States comprises scores of religious traditions. Although the spiritual lives of most people throughout the nation's history are private and undocumented, an examination of the lives and influence of U.S. religious leaders offers insights into the religious heritage of the United States.…

  15. Fixed reproducible tangible wealth in the United States : revised estimates for 1995-97 and summary estimates for 1925-97

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-09-01

    The tables that follow present new estimates of fixed reproducible tangible wealth in the United States for 1997 and revised estimates for 199596. These estimates, which cover net stocks of privately owned and government owned durable equipment an...

  16. 76 FR 15365 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-21

    ... minimum participation, coverage, and nondiscrimination. Respondents: Private sector: Businesses or other... business in the United States to pay a withholding tax equal to the applicable percentage of the... underpayment of estimated tax, and, if so, the amount of the underpayment penalty. Respondents: Private sector...

  17. Regulating self-selection into private health insurance in Chile and the United States.

    PubMed

    Vargas Bustamante, Arturo; Méndez, Claudio A

    2016-07-01

    In the 1980s, Chile adopted a mixed (public and private) model for health insurance coverage similar to the one recently outlined by the Affordable Care Act in the United States (US). In such a system, a mix of public and private health plans offer nearly universal coverage using a combined approach of managed competition and subsidies for low-income individuals. This paper uses a "most different" case study design to compare policies implemented in Chile and the US to address self-selection into private insurance. We argue that the implementation of a mixed health insurance system in Chile without the appropriate regulations was complex, and it generated a series of inequities and perverse incentives. The comparison of Chile and the US healthcare reforms examines the different approaches that both countries have used to manage economic competition, address health insurance self-selection and promote solidarity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. Redefining private insurance in a changing market structure.

    PubMed

    Chollet, D J

    1996-01-01

    This discussion on likely changes and challenges for the health insurance industry over the coming decade assumes that significant national reform of health care financing for the privately insured population will not occur--or, if it does, that it will mirror the insurance market reforms that many states already have undertaken. First, the changes in private insurance coverage during the past several years are considered, with particular attention to the erosion of employer-based coverage and to the rising influence of public insurance programs--especially Medicaid--on the private insurance market. Next is a description of the changing web of state laws and regulations governing private health insurance. At this writing, virtually every state has enacted or is considering reforms of the small group market to limit what many perceive as unfair or destructive insurer practices and to set new ground rules for competition among insurance arrangements. The changing nature of private insurance contracts in the United States is considered next. Evolving from conventional fee-for-service contracts, private insurance is increasingly a complex mixture of capitation, partial capitation, and reinsurance of capitated arrangements. Finally, this chapter discusses three issues of increasing importance in shaping the marketplace for private insurers: (1) the federal preemption of states' regulatory authority over self-insured employer plans; (2) emerging state regulation to restructure competition in the health insurance and health care markets; and (3) the growing interest of both federal and state governments in medical savings accounts to finance health insurance and health care spending.

  19. Neonatal and pediatric intensive care in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: an analysis of bed distribution, 1997 and 2007.

    PubMed

    Barbosa, Arnaldo Prata; Cunha, Antônio José Ledo Alves da

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (ICU) and beds in Rio de Janeiro, correlating with population demands in 1997 and 2007. All neonatal and pediatric ICUs were visited, identifying the availability and type of beds. Comparisons were made between: supply and demand using projected need for beds for the population; public and private ICUs; and geographical regions. In 2007, 95 units were included totaling 1,094 beds (74 units and 1,080 beds in 1997): 51% public and 48% private (47% and 52% in 1997); 47% neonatal, 18% pediatric and 35% mixed units. Most units were located in the metropolitan area. The distribution of public and private beds was similar in the metropolitan area in both periods; in the interior, public beds tripled. Access has improved, mainly in the interior, but there is still no equity in the distribution of and accessibility to the available beds, with a shortage in the public sector, an excess in the private sector, and a great concentration in the metropolitan area.

  20. Planting and care of fine hardwood seedlings: Planting hardwood seedlings in the Central Hardwood Region.

    Treesearch

    Paula M. Pijut

    2003-01-01

    Forest tree planting in the United States on public and private land exceeded 2.6 million acres in 1999. Of that total, approximately 1.3 million acres (48 percent) were planted by private individuals (AF & PA 2001). In the Central Hardwood Region forest tree planting by private landowners exceeded 100,000 acres in 1999. Trees are planted for various reasons...

  1. Publicly Funded Services to Private Elementary and Secondary Schools and Students, 1983-84. OERI Historical Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Education Statistics (ED/OERI), Washington, DC.

    During the 1983-84 school year, 58 percent of the 27,700 private schools in the United States reported benefiting from publicly funded services. The source of these data is the National Survey of Private Schools, fall 1983, carried out by Westat, Inc., under contract with the Center for Education Statistics (CES). The survey supplemented the CES…

  2. Review of Online Programming Characteristics and Pricing at Private Not-for-Profit Two Year Colleges in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ahlstrom, Christopher

    2016-01-01

    Online programming has expanded greatly within higher education and much attention has been spent on public two year colleges (more commonly known as community colleges) and both private and public four year institutions. This research seeks to expand understanding of the small market of private not-for-profit two year colleges within the United…

  3. 32 CFR 516.55 - Witnesses for a State or private litigant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... state or local proceedings for a party other than the United States, including cases involving domestic violence or child abuse, will be referred to Litigation Division. Litigation Division may authorize travel...

  4. A resolution recognizing the importance and sustainability of the United States hardwoods industry and urging that United States hardwoods and the products derived from United States hardwoods be given full consideration in any program to promote construction of environmentally preferable commercial, public, or private buildings.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Lincoln, Blanche L. [D-AR

    2010-02-09

    Senate - 08/05/2010 Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  5. Public/private partnerships for prescription drug coverage: policy formulation and outcomes in Quebec's universal drug insurance program, with comparisons to the Medicare prescription drug program in the United States.

    PubMed

    Pomey, Marie-Pascale; Forest, Pierre-Gerlier; Palley, Howard A; Martin, Elisabeth

    2007-09-01

    In January 1997, the government of Quebec, Canada, implemented a public/private prescription drug program that covered the entire population of the province. Under this program, the public sector collaborates with private insurers to protect all Quebecers from the high cost of drugs. This article outlines the principal features and history of the Quebec plan and draws parallels between the factors that led to its emergence and those that led to the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (MMA) in the United States. It also discusses the challenges and similarities of both programs and analyzes Quebec's ten years of experience to identify adjustments that may help U.S. policymakers optimize the MMA.

  6. Public/Private Partnerships for Prescription Drug Coverage: Policy Formulation and Outcomes in Quebec's Universal Drug Insurance Program, with Comparisons to the Medicare Prescription Drug Program in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Pomey, Marie-Pascale; Forest, Pierre-Gerlier; Palley, Howard A; Martin, Elisabeth

    2007-01-01

    In January 1997, the government of Quebec, Canada, implemented a public/private prescription drug program that covered the entire population of the province. Under this program, the public sector collaborates with private insurers to protect all Quebecers from the high cost of drugs. This article outlines the principal features and history of the Quebec plan and draws parallels between the factors that led to its emergence and those that led to the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (MMA) in the United States. It also discusses the challenges and similarities of both programs and analyzes Quebec's ten years of experience to identify adjustments that may help U.S. policymakers optimize the MMA. PMID:17718665

  7. Utilities Privatization in the United States Air Force

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    75 3.2.6. Independent Review............................................................................ 77 3.2.7. Fair Market Value ...101 3.5.15. Fair Market Value ............................................................................. 106 3.5.16. Recommendations by the GAO...Private Competition Decisions for FY 1995-2005... 125 4.3. Fair Market Value and Use of Should Cost .......................................... 125

  8. Finance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beezer, Bruce; MacPhail-Wilcox, Bettye

    There were no United States Supreme Court decisions in 1987 on either public or private school finance. Cases discussed in this chapter fall under three major topics: (1) public funds for private schools; (2) sources and allocations of public school funds; and (3) school tax issues. Federal appellate court cases included decisions on the…

  9. Unlawful Combatants at the Controls: The CIA, Armed RPAS and LOAC

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-02-16

    career judge advocate, beginning military service with the Judge Advocate General’s Corps, United States Navy . After a brief stint in private...of Xe Services, formerly known as Blackwater , the private security firm that has been at the forefront of other allegations concerning civilians

  10. United States private schools have higher rates of exemptions to school immunization requirements than public schools.

    PubMed

    Shaw, Jana; Tserenpuntsag, Boldtsetseg; McNutt, Louise-Anne; Halsey, Neal

    2014-07-01

    To compare medical, religious, and personal belief immunization exemption rates between private and public schools in US. Exemption rates were calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention School Immunization Assessment Surveys for the 2009-2010 school year excluding states with incomplete survey data. Standardized exemption rates weighted on enrollments in public and private schools were calculated. Differences in exemption rates between public and private schools were tested using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The overall state exemption rate was higher in US private than public schools, 4.25% (SD 4.27) vs 1.91% (1.67), P = .0001 and private schools had higher exemption rates for all types of exemptions; medical 0.58% (0.71) vs 0.34% (0.34) respectively (P = .0004), religious 2.09% (3.14) vs 0.83% (1.05) respectively (P = .0001), and personal belief 6.10% (4.12) vs 2.79% (1.57), respectively (P = .006). Overall exemption rates were significantly higher in states that allowed personal belief exemptions. Exemption rates were significantly higher in US private than in public schools. Children attending private schools may be at higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases than public school children. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. The Ingredients of a Public-Private Partnership in Education: The Global Development Alliance Model School Expansion Project in Nicaragua

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Galisson, Kirsten; Brady, Kristin

    2006-01-01

    In May 2001, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell announced the establishment of the Global Development Alliance (GDA) as a key part of a new business model for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The GDA initiative aims to launch best practices in public-private partnerships around the world. The model is designed to…

  12. Technology and Education: A Review of Federal, State, and Private Sector Programs. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session (March 8, 2001).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

    The Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet met to review investments in technology and education that are being made in the United States on the federal, state, and local and private sector levels. Presiding was Representative Fred Upton (chairman). Members present included Representatives Upton, Gillmor, Shimkus, Wilson, David,…

  13. Planning responds to gender violence: evidence from Spain, Mexico and the United States.

    PubMed

    Sweet, Elizabeth L; Escalante, Sara Ortiz

    2010-01-01

    Urban planning has been largely ineffective in addressing urban violence and particularly slow in responding to gender violence. This paper explores the public and private divide, structural inequalities, and issues of ethnicity and citizenship, in terms of their planning implications for gender violence. Drawing on evidence from Spain, Mexico and the United States, it examines how economic and social planning and gender violence intertwine. The three case studies demonstrate that the challenge is not only to break constructed structural inequalities and divisions between public and private spheres, but also to promote changes in the working models of institutions and organisations.

  14. Association of insurance status and spinal fusion usage in the United States during two decades.

    PubMed

    John, Jason; Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza; Seifi, Ali

    2018-05-01

    This study examined the distribution of spinal fusion usage among payer groups in the United States. Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, total discharges, length of stay, and mean hospital charges of patients who underwent spinal fusion from 1997 to 2014 in the United States were determined and analyzed. 5,715,625 total discharges with spinal fusion were reported. Among them, 2,875,188 (50.3%) were covered by private insurance, 1,710,182 by Medicare (29.9%), 342,638 (6.0%) by Medicaid, and 91,990 (1.6%) were uninsured. A statistically significant increase in spinal fusion usage occurred within each payer group over the study period (P < 0.001). For every year of the study period, private insurance patients had the most number and uninsured patients had the least number of total discharges with spinal fusion. Furthermore, annual growth in spinal fusion usage was greatest among private insurance patients, and smallest among uninsured patients. Total discharges with spinal fusion increased significantly across all payer groups between 1997 and 2014, but not equally. Further inquiry is indicated to determine the etiology of spinal fusion usage discrepancies between payer groups. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Nursing research in the United States: the protection of human subjects.

    PubMed

    Oddi, L F; Cassidy, V R

    1990-01-01

    In the United States the protection of the rights of human subjects in experimentation has evolved at three levels: professional, public, and private. At the professional level, codes, guidelines and the Patient's Bill of Rights address the issues of protecting the dignity, privacy and autonomy of individuals who serve as research subjects. At the public level, regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services have become the standard for protecting human subjects. At the private level, United States common law regulates the conduct of individual researchers by requiring them to act in a manner consistent with generally accepted standards of care. As professionals, nurses must be actively involved in the formation of public policy regarding the conduct of research and strive to formulate a research agenda that will ensure that the ethics of research in nursing is above question.

  16. Discriminatory Religious Schools and Tax Exempt Status. Clearinghouse Publication 75.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chou, Donald; And Others

    In light of two cases soon to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court--"Bob Jones University v. United States" and "Goldsboro Christian Schools, Inc. v. United States"--this monograph discusses the issue of freedom of religion and racially discriminatory private religious schools. After noting the statutory basis of tax-exempt…

  17. Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico

    Treesearch

    Leonard H. DeBano; Peter H. Ffolliott; Alfredo Ortega-Rubio; Gerald J. Gottfried; Robert H. Hamre; Carleton B. Edminster

    1995-01-01

    This conference brought together scientists and managers from government, universities, and private organizations to examine the biological diversity and management challenges of the unique "sky island" ecosystems of the mountains of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Session topics included: floristic resources, plant ecology,...

  18. University President Compensation: Evidence from the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bai, Ge

    2014-01-01

    I examine whether compensation of the university president is a function of university type (i.e., top, research, master's, bachelor's/specialized). Using a panel dataset containing 761 private universities in the United States, I find that (i) the president's pay is linked to the university's performance in the previous period and (ii) the…

  19. Secondhand Smoke and Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... the workplace, and public places, such as bars, restaurants, and recreational settings. In the United States, the ... and beaches, as well as private workplaces, including restaurants and bars. Some states have passed laws regulating ...

  20. 31 CFR 353.80 - Payment to corporations or unincorporated associations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payment to corporations or... GOVERNING DEFINITIVE UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE AND HH Private Organizations (Corporations... corporations or unincorporated associations. A bond registered in the name of a private corporation or an...

  1. Neoliberal Contradictions in Two Private Niches of Educational "Choice"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilson, Marguerite Anne Fillion; Scarbrough, Burke

    2018-01-01

    This article brings together ethnographies of two privileged educational settings in the United States--a private school in California's Central Valley following the progressivist Sudbury model, and an affluent New England boarding school's summer enrichment program. Each of these institutions serves as an alternative to and/or extension of…

  2. The Impact of University Religious Affiliation on Presidential Leadership Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Savior, Richard David

    2014-01-01

    Colleges and universities in the United States face a set of significant and progressive challenges requiring exemplary senior leadership. The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze the senior leadership practices at private/secular and private/religious affiliated colleges and universities to identify differences in leadership practices…

  3. School Choice International: Exploring Public-Private Partnerships

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chakrabarti, Rajashri, Ed.; Peterson, Paul E., Ed.

    2008-01-01

    Public-private partnerships in education exist in various forms around the world, in both developed and developing countries. Despite this, and despite the importance of human capital for economic growth, systematic analysis has been limited and scattered, with most scholarly attention going to initiatives in the United States. This volume helps…

  4. The private forest landowners of Minnesota--1982.

    Treesearch

    Eugene M. Carpenter; Mark H. Hansen; Dennis M. St. John

    1986-01-01

    Presents the results of a mail canvass of nonindustrial private forest landowners in Minnesota to relate owner attitudes and intentions concerning ownership, management, harvest and recreational use of their forest property. Provides 55 tables contrasting owner characteristics, management actions, and attitudes for the state and its four survey units.

  5. Christian Community in Action: Bruderhof Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spielhagen, Frances R.; Cooper, Bruce S.

    2007-01-01

    The Bruderhof communities in the United States have organized their own private schools with a distinctly Christian philosophy of education, adding to the interesting mix of American private and religious schools. Rooted in early 20th century German pedagogy, romanticism, and shared responsibility, Bruderhof schools represent the essence of a…

  6. Threats to private forest lands in the U.S.A.: a forests on the edge study

    Treesearch

    Mark H. Hatfield; Ronald E. McRoberts; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Sara Comas

    2010-01-01

    The Forests on the Edge project, sponsored by the USDA Forest Service, uses geographic information systems to construct and analyze maps depicting threats to the contributions of America’s private forest lands. For this study, watersheds across the conterminous United States are evaluated with respect to the amount of their private forest land. Watersheds with at least...

  7. A comparative study of forestry in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, with special emphasis on policy measures for nonindustrial private forests in Norway and the United States.

    Treesearch

    Berit Hauger Lindstad

    2002-01-01

    In recognition of the cultural, economic, and ecological importance of forestry in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, this paper compares forest resource data, ownership patterns, management issues, and the impact the forest sector has on the national economies of these four countries. There is particular emphasis on the analysis of policy measures that...

  8. 2011 statistical abstract of the United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krisanda, Joseph M.

    2011-01-01

    The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published since 1878, is the authoritative and comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.Use the Abstract as a convenient volume for statistical reference, and as a guide to sources of more information both in print and on the Web.Sources of data include the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and many other Federal agencies and private organizations.

  9. Utilization of basic health units of FHS according to private health insurance

    PubMed Central

    Fontenelle, Leonardo Ferreira; de Camargo, Maria Beatriz Junqueira; Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso; Gonçalves, Helen; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Barros, Aluísio J D

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the utilization of basic health units according to coverage by discount card or private health insurance. METHODS Household survey in the area covered by Family Health Strategy in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from December 2007 to February 2008, with persons of all age groups. The frequency of (medical or non-medical) healthcare seeking at the basic health units in the last six months and the prevalence of basic health unit utilization for the last medical consultation (in case it had been performed up to six months before, for a non-routine reason) were analyzed by Poisson regression adjusted for the sampling design. RESULTS Of the 1,423 persons, 75.6% had no discount card or private health insurance. The average frequency of (medical or non-medical) healthcare seeking was 1.6 times in six months (95%CI 1.3-2.0); this frequency was 55.8% lower (p < 0.001) among privately insured persons compared to those with no discount card or private health insurance. Among the last medical consultations, 35.8% (95%CI 25.4-47.7) had been performed at the basic health units; this prevalence was 36.4% lower (p = 0.003) among persons covered by discount card and 87.7% lower (p = 0.007) among privately insured persons compared to those without both coverages. CONCLUSIONS Private health insurance and, to a lesser degree, discount card coverage, are related to lower utilization of basic health units. This can be used to size the population under the accountability of each Family Health Strategy team, to the extent that community health workers are able to differentiate discount card from PHI during family registration. PMID:29791678

  10. Differences in Attributions for Public and Private Face-to-face and Cyber Victimization Among Adolescents in China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States.

    PubMed

    Wright, Michelle F; Yanagida, Takuya; Aoyama, Ikuko; Dědková, Lenka; Li, Zheng; Kamble, Shanmukh V; Bayraktar, Fatih; Ševčíková, Anna; Soudi, Shruti; Macháčková, Hana; Lei, Li; Shu, Chang

    2017-01-01

    The authors' aim was to investigate gender and cultural differences in the attributions used to determine causality for hypothetical public and private face-to-face and cyber victimization scenarios among 3,432 adolescents (age range = 11-15 years; 49% girls) from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States, while accounting for their individualism and collectivism. Adolescents completed a questionnaire on cultural values and read four hypothetical victimization scenarios, including public face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, private face-to-face victimization, and private cyber victimization. After reading the scenarios, they rated different attributions (i.e., self-blame, aggressor-blame, joking, normative, conflict) according to how strongly they believed the attributions explained why victimization occurred. Overall, adolescents reported that they would utilize the attributions of self-blame, aggressor-blame, and normative more for public forms of victimization and face-to-face victimization than for private forms of victimization and cyber victimization. Differences were found according to gender and country of origin as well. Such findings underscore the importance of delineating between different forms of victimization when examining adolescents' attributions.

  11. Geographic variation in cesarean delivery in the United States by payer.

    PubMed

    Henke, Rachel Mosher; Wier, Lauren M; Marder, William D; Friedman, Bernard S; Wong, Herbert S

    2014-11-19

    The rate of cesarean delivery in the United States is variable across geographic areas. The aims of this study are two-fold: (1) to determine whether the geographic variation in cesarean delivery rate is consistent for private insurance and Medicaid (2) to identify the patient, population, and market factors associated with cesarean rate and determine if these factors vary by payer. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID) to measure the cesarean rate at the Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) level. We linked the hospitalization data to data from other national sources to measure population and market characteristics. We calculated unadjusted and risk-adjusted CBSA cesarean rates by payer. For the second aim, we estimated a hierarchical logistical model with the hospitalization as the unit of analysis to determine the factors associated with cesarean delivery. The average CBSA cesarean rate for women with private insurance was higher (18.9 percent) than for women with Medicaid (16.4 percent). The factors predicting cesarean rate were largely consistent across payers, with the following exceptions: women under age 18 had a greater likelihood of cesarean section if they had Medicaid but had a greater likelihood of vaginal birth if they had private insurance; Asian and Native American women with private insurance had a greater likelihood of cesarean section but Asian and Native American women with Medicaid had a greater likelihood of vaginal birth. The percent African American in the population predicted increased cesarean rates for private insurance only; the number of acute care beds per capita predicted increased cesarean rate for women with Medicaid but not women with private insurance. Further we found the number of obstetricians/gynecologists per capita predicted increased cesarean rate for women with private insurance only, and the number of midwives per capita predicted increased vaginal birth rate for women with private insurance only. Factors associated with geographic variation in cesarean delivery, a frequent and high-resource inpatient procedure, vary somewhat by payer. Using this information to identify areas for intervention is key to improving quality of care and reducing healthcare costs.

  12. Latino adults' health insurance coverage: an examination of Mexican and Puerto Rican subgroup differences.

    PubMed

    Vitullo, Margaret Weigers; Taylor, Amy K

    2002-11-01

    Lack of health insurance is a serious problem in the United States. Using data from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this paper examines how insurance varies between black, white, and Latino adults. Because Latino subgroups are not homogeneous, the paper also compares the factors associated with health insurance status for Mexican and Puerto Rican adults. Results indicate that access to private health insurance for Latino adults was more closely associated with workplace characteristics than employment itself. Time lived in the United States was a major factor associated with being uninsured for Mexican adults, while language barriers were a major factor limiting Puerto Rican individuals' access to private health insurance. The paper suggests two approaches for decreasing uninsurance among Latino adults: (1) strengthening the link between employment and private health insurance and (2) addressing disparities in access to public coverage for racial and ethnic groups, including recent immigrants.

  13. Selectivity of physiotherapist programs in the United States does not differ by institutional funding source or research activity level.

    PubMed

    Riley, Sean P; Covington, Kyle; Landry, Michel D; McCallum, Christine; Engelhard, Chalee; Cook, Chad E

    2016-01-01

    This study aimed to compare selectivity characteristics among institution characteristics to determine differences by institutional funding source (public vs. private) or research activity level (research vs. non-research). This study included information provided by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) and the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Data were extracted from all students who graduated in 2011 from accredited physical therapy programs in the United States. The public and private designations of the institutions were extracted directly from the classifications from the 'CAPTE annual accreditation report,' and high and low research activity was determined based on Carnegie classifications. The institutions were classified into four groups: public/research intensive, public/non-research intensive, private/research intensive, and private/non-research intensive. Descriptive and comparison analyses with post hoc testing were performed to determine whether there were statistically significant differences among the four groups. Although there were statistically significant baseline grade point average differences among the four categorized groups, there were no significant differences in licensure pass rates or for any of the selectivity variables of interest. Selectivity characteristics did not differ by institutional funding source (public vs. private) or research activity level (research vs. non-research). This suggests that the concerns about reduced selectivity among physiotherapy programs, specifically the types that are experiencing the largest proliferation, appear less warranted.

  14. 2011 statistical abstract of the United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Krisanda, Joseph M.

    2011-01-01

    The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published since 1878, is the authoritative and comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.


    Use the Abstract as a convenient volume for statistical reference, and as a guide to sources of more information both in print and on the Web.


    Sources of data include the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and many other Federal agencies and private organizations.

  15. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1932-1934. Bulletin, 1935, No. 2. Chapter VII: Statistics of Private Commercial and Business Schools, 1932-33

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Herlihy, Lester B.

    1934-01-01

    This bulletin is the eighth compilation of statistics on private commercial and business schools made by the Office of Education since 1900. The seventh, or preceding report, on this field of education was published for the year 1929. The effect of the economic situation on private commercial and business schools has been to reduce their…

  16. Uneven-aged silviculture and management in the eastern United States: Proceedings of an In-Service Workshop; Morgantown, West Virginia; July 15-17, 1975

    Treesearch

    Warren T. Doolittle; A. P. Mustain; Carter B. Gibbs; David. A. Marquis; Barton M. Blum; Carl H. Tubbs; W. B. Leak; S. F. Gingrich; H. Clay Smith; Paul S. DeBald; LaMont G. Engle; Robert E. Phares

    1975-01-01

    The workshop, summarized in this Proceedings, represented a joint effort by personnel from Research, National Forest System, and State and Private Forestry, to review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the applicability of uneven-aged silviculture and management in the eastern United States. One major objective of this review was to develop a much better mutual...

  17. Effects of soil disturbance on the fundamental, sustainable productivity of managed forests

    Treesearch

    Robert F. Powers

    2002-01-01

    Environmental policies in the United States and abroad are reducing timber harvests while wood demand is mounting. Reduced harvesting on public lands means that privately owned lands will be managed with greater intensity in the United States and that wood will be imported from other nations lacking strong environmental safeguards. It is imperative, therefore, that...

  18. Design, implementation, and analysis methods for the National Woodland Owner Survey

    Treesearch

    Brett J. Butler; Earl C. Leatherberry; Michael S. Williams; Michael S. Williams

    2005-01-01

    The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS) is conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program to increase our understanding of private forest-land owners in the United States. The information is intended to help policy makers, resource managers, and others interested in the forest resources of the United States better understand the social...

  19. A Survey of Speech Education in United States Two-Year Colleges.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planck, Carolyn Roberts

    The status of speech education in all United States two-year colleges is discussed. Both public and private schools are examined. Two separate studies were conducted, each utilizing the same procedure. The specific aspects with which the research was concerned were: (1) availability of speech courses, (2) departmentalization of speech courses, (3)…

  20. Gender Sorting across K-12 Schools in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Long, Mark C.; Conger, Dylan

    2013-01-01

    This article documents evidence of nonrandom gender sorting across K-12 schools in the United States. The sorting exists among coed schools and at all grade levels, and it is highest in the secondary school grades. We observe some gender sorting across school sectors and types: for instance, males are slightly underrepresented in private schools…

  1. Screening for resistance to fusiform rust in southern United States forest trees

    Treesearch

    Josh Bronson

    2012-01-01

    The Resistance Screening Center (RSC) is operated by the Forest Health Protection unit of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Region, State and Private Forestry. The RSC is located at the Bent Creek Experimental Forest near Asheville, North Carolina. The center evaluates seedlings for resistance to disease, primarily fusiform rust (caused by...

  2. Carbon Stocks and Projections on Public Forestlands in the United States, 1952-2040

    Treesearch

    James E. Smith; Linda S. Heath

    2004-01-01

    Approximately 37% of forestlands in the conterminous United States are publicly owned; they represent a substantial area of potential carbon sequestration in US forests and in forest products. However, large areas of public forestlands traditionally have been less intensively inventoried than privately owned forests. Thus, less information is available about their role...

  3. Organizing for North Carolina: Social Movement Unionism in a Southern State

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Mark

    2017-01-01

    Across the United States, a counter-network of teacher activists is engaged in the development of grassroots organizing structures to advocate for social justice, resist the privatization of public education, and increase union democracy. The United Caucuses of Rank and File Educators (UCORE) is a national network of more than 20 union reform…

  4. 77 FR 66582 - Notice of Request for Information for the Proposed United States-East African Community...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-06

    ... for free movement of goods, labor, services and capital among the EAC member countries. In June 2011... private sector ties between companies in the United States and the EAC and throughout the EAC region; and... Dialogue. First, Commerce plans to propose the promotion of business opportunities in key growth sectors...

  5. Forest ingrowth prediction model for the Northeastern United States

    Treesearch

    Linda S. Gribko

    1997-01-01

    In the last 20 years, there has been a revival of interest in the use of uneven-aged forest management techniques in the production of timber and forest amenity values. Uneven-aged management is coming into renewed favor especially among non-industrial private landowners in the northeastern United States. The practice allows periodic timber removals on relatively small...

  6. Privatization and the Public Good

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lambert, Matthew T.

    2015-01-01

    After two centuries of public higher education in the United States, the covenant between public colleges and universities and the public that created and funded them is under strain. In a time of scarce resources and changing policy in many corners of the country and around the globe, privatization has emerged as a possible replacement for the…

  7. 77 FR 65858 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-31

    ... Logistics Private Limited Almore Industries American Scholar, Inc. and/or I-Scholar AR Printing & Packaging.... Agility Logistics Private Limited Almore Industries American Scholar, Inc. and/or I-Scholar AR Printing... FAG Italia v. United States, 291 F.3d 806 (Fed Cir. 2002), as appropriate, whether antidumping duties...

  8. Health and Access to Care among Employed and Unemployed Adults: United States, 2009-2010

    MedlinePlus

    ... needed medical care and prescription drugs due to cost than those with public or private insurance, regardless of employment status. The ... did not get needed prescription drugs due to cost compared with 13.9% of those with public coverage and 9.2% of those with private ...

  9. Population growth, urban expansion, and private forestry in western Oregon.

    Treesearch

    Jeffrey D. Kline; David L. Azuma; Ralph J. Alig

    2004-01-01

    Private forestlands in the United States face increasing pressures from growing populations, resulting in greater numbers of people living in closer proximity to forests. What often is called the "wildland/urban interface" is characterized by expansion of residential and other developed land uses onto forested landscapes in a manner that threatens forestlands...

  10. Profiting in Education: Politics, Markets, and the Public Good

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crowley, Christopher B.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this dissertation is to explore issues of privatization in teacher education. While other research has sought to address specific aspects of privatization affecting teacher education in the United States, the aim of this dissertation study is to conceptualize the influence and impact of neoliberalism on contemporary trends in teacher…

  11. 14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Construction or Alteration in the Vicinity of the Private Residence of the President of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... presumed to adversely affect aviation safety and therefore is a hazard to air navigation. (b) A... of the Private Residence of the President of the United States Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 98 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

  12. Closing the Gap: Private and Public Job Training. EQW Issues Number 7.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zemsky, Robert; Oedel, Penney

    In the United States, job training programs tend to be categorized as either privately sponsored career advancement for valued employees or publicly funded employment remediation for disadvantaged workers. Findings of two federally mandated surveys that regularly asked nearly identical samples whether they had received job or job-related training…

  13. The Psychology of Black Males Attending Urban Private Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marks, Bryant T.; Smith, Chauncey; Madison, Jordan; Junior, Cary

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to describe the psychology of Black males attending private, not-for-profit, colleges and universities in urban areas. Surveys were administered over three semesters to 886 Black male college students attending 28 national colleges/universities in various urban settings across the United States. The psychological…

  14. Regional cost information for private timberland conversion and management.

    Treesearch

    Lucas S Bair; Ralph J. Alig

    2006-01-01

    Cost of private timber management practices in the United States are identified, and their relationship to timber production in general is highlighted. Costs across timber-producing regions and forest types are identified by forest type and timber management practices historically applied in each region. This includes cost estimates for activities such as forest...

  15. The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project: A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to increase genetic diversity in US maize

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project is a mission-oriented, cooperative research effort of the United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), land grant universities, private industry, and international agricultural research centers to broaden the ger...

  16. Black Vocational Technical and Industrial Arts Education: Development and History.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hall, Clyde W.

    Since coverage of the history of industrial training of blacks in the United States is lacking, the author has compiled a single volume tracing this history from the plantation era. All phases are described--early schools prior to 1865, private and public industrial institutions of higher education, private institutions of higher education…

  17. The Privatization of Public Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hunter, Richard

    2010-01-01

    For-profit education is not a new focus for public schools in the United States. It has been around for several decades, has stimulated considerable controversy, and has been heralded by some as a panacea for improving learning for the nation's public school students. For-profit schools are run by private, for-profit companies or organizations…

  18. 39 CFR 320.4 - Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... university organizations. 320.4 Section 320.4 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.4 Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations. The operation of 39 U.S.C. 601(a) (1) through (6) and...

  19. 39 CFR 320.4 - Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... university organizations. 320.4 Section 320.4 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.4 Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations. The operation of 39 U.S.C. 601(a) (1) through (6) and...

  20. 39 CFR 320.4 - Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... university organizations. 320.4 Section 320.4 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.4 Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations. The operation of 39 U.S.C. 601(a) (1) through (6) and...

  1. 39 CFR 320.4 - Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... university organizations. 320.4 Section 320.4 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.4 Suspension for certain letters of college and university organizations. The operation of 39 U.S.C. 601(a) (1) through (6) and...

  2. Private Sector Initiative Between the U.S. and Japan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1998-09-30

    OAK-A258 Private Sector Initiative Between the U.S. and Japan. This report for calendar years 1993 through September 1998 describes efforts performed under the Private Sector Initiatives contract. The report also describes those efforts that have continued with private funding after being initiated under this contract. The development of a pyrochemical process, called TRUMP-S, for partitioning actinides from PUREX waste, is described in this report. This effort is funded by the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), KHI, the United States Department of Energy, and Boeing.

  3. Effect of increased private share of inpatient psychiatric resources on jail population growth: evidence from the United States.

    PubMed

    Yoon, Jangho

    2011-02-01

    There is a strong connection between the mental health and criminal justice systems. This research empirically tested whether the privatization of the inpatient mental health system alters this relationship, contributing to jail population growth. Using state-level panel data on U.S. states and the District of Columbia for the years 1985-1998, this study analyzed the relationship between the size of jail populations and private share of hospital psychiatric beds, first for overall private beds and then separately by private for-profit and nonprofit. Empirical models controlled for changes in mental health financing and resources, variations in criminal justice practice, and demographic and socio-economic factors as well as state and year fixed effects. A method of instrumental variables was employed to make a stronger case for causal inference. Results show that a one-percentage point increase in the private for-profit share of psychiatric beds contributes to the growth of jail inmates by approximately 2.3% annually. A greater private nonprofit share of psychiatric beds does not appear to influence the size of jail populations. These findings suggest that the increased private for-profit share of inpatient psychiatric resources undermines the safety-net and some control function of the mental health system and leads to a greater number of jail inmates. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Characteristics of Public, Private, and Bureau of Indian Education Elementary and Secondary School Principals in the United States: Results from the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2009-323

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Battle, Danielle; Gruber, Kerry

    2009-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the school principal data files of the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public, private, and Bureau of Indian Education-funded (BIE) K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The public school…

  5. Characteristics of Public, Private, and Bureau of Indian Education Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in the United States: Results From the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2009-324

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coopersmith, Jared

    2009-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the school teacher data files of the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public, private, and Bureau of Indian Education-funded (BIE) K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The public school…

  6. United States private-sector physicians and pharmaceutical contract research: a qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Fisher, Jill A; Kalbaugh, Corey A

    2012-01-01

    There have been dramatic increases over the past 20 years in the number of nonacademic, private-sector physicians who serve as principal investigators on US clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. However, there has been little research on the implications of these investigators' role in clinical investigation. Our objective was to study private-sector clinics involved in US pharmaceutical clinical trials to understand the contract research arrangements supporting drug development, and specifically how private-sector physicians engaged in contract research describe their professional identities. We conducted a qualitative study in 2003-2004 combining observation at 25 private-sector research organizations in the southwestern United States and 63 semi-structured interviews with physicians, research staff, and research participants at those clinics. We used grounded theory to analyze and interpret our data. The 11 private-sector physicians who participated in our study reported becoming principal investigators on industry clinical trials primarily because contract research provides an additional revenue stream. The physicians reported that they saw themselves as trial practitioners and as businesspeople rather than as scientists or researchers. Our findings suggest that in addition to having financial motivation to participate in contract research, these US private-sector physicians have a professional identity aligned with an industry-based approach to research ethics. The generalizability of these findings and whether they have changed in the intervening years should be addressed in future studies. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

  7. United States Private-Sector Physicians and Pharmaceutical Contract Research: A Qualitative Study

    PubMed Central

    Fisher, Jill A.; Kalbaugh, Corey A.

    2012-01-01

    Background There have been dramatic increases over the past 20 years in the number of nonacademic, private-sector physicians who serve as principal investigators on US clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. However, there has been little research on the implications of these investigators' role in clinical investigation. Our objective was to study private-sector clinics involved in US pharmaceutical clinical trials to understand the contract research arrangements supporting drug development, and specifically how private-sector physicians engaged in contract research describe their professional identities. Methods and Findings We conducted a qualitative study in 2003–2004 combining observation at 25 private-sector research organizations in the southwestern United States and 63 semi-structured interviews with physicians, research staff, and research participants at those clinics. We used grounded theory to analyze and interpret our data. The 11 private-sector physicians who participated in our study reported becoming principal investigators on industry clinical trials primarily because contract research provides an additional revenue stream. The physicians reported that they saw themselves as trial practitioners and as businesspeople rather than as scientists or researchers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that in addition to having financial motivation to participate in contract research, these US private-sector physicians have a professional identity aligned with an industry-based approach to research ethics. The generalizability of these findings and whether they have changed in the intervening years should be addressed in future studies. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. PMID:22911055

  8. Retirement before Age 65 Is a Growing Trend in the Private Sector. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Civil Service, Post Office and General Services, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

    The General Accounting Office examined retirement age trends in the private sector to assist the Congress in its effort to devise a retirement system for Federal employees. The Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) was identified as a source of information about private sector retirement patterns. March 1974, 1979, and 1984 data were…

  9. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL MONITORING IN THE U.S.

    EPA Science Inventory

    Chemical monitoring of the environment is performed in the United States by Federal and State agencies, local governments, industries, organizations, and private individuals. The major reasons for monitoring are for compliance with laws and regulations, investigation of suspec...

  10. Assessing Early Implementation of State Autism Insurance Mandates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baller, Julia Berlin; Barry, Colleen L.; Shea, Kathleen; Walker, Megan M.; Ouellette, Rachel; Mandell, David S.

    2016-01-01

    In the United States, health insurance coverage for autism spectrum disorder treatments has been historically limited. In response, as of 2015, 40 states and Washington, DC, have passed state autism insurance mandates requiring many health plans in the private insurance market to cover autism diagnostic and treatment services. This study examined…

  11. Where are the food animal veterinarian shortage areas anyway?

    PubMed

    Wang, Tong; Hennessy, David A; O'Connor, Annette M

    2012-05-01

    In 2010 the United States implemented the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program (VMLRP) to address perceived regional shortages in certain veterinary occupations, including food animal practice. With county as the unit of analysis, this paper describes a pair of models to evaluate factors associated with being designated a private practice shortage area in 2010. One model is used to explain food animal veterinarian location choices so as to provide an objective evaluation of comparative shortage. The other model seeks to explain the counties chosen as shortage areas. Model results are then used to evaluate the program. On the whole the program appears to perform quite well. For several states, however, VMLRP shortage designations are inconsistent with the food animal veterinarian location model. Comparative shortage is generally more severe in states that have no VMLRP designated private practice shortage counties than in states that do. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Availability of Health-Related Programs in Private and Public Prisons.

    PubMed

    Baćak, Valerio; Ridgeway, Greg

    2018-01-01

    Little is known about the resources available to protect inmates' health in private prisons compared to their public counterparts. This is the first national-level study that exclusively examined the availability of health-related programs in private and public prisons in the United States. We applied propensity score weighting and doubly robust estimation to compare private prisons to comparable public prisons. Data were self-reported by prison administrators as part of the 2005 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities. We found that private prisons offered fewer substance dependency, psychological/psychiatric, and HIV/AIDS-related programs. But the differences were progressively reduced when the comparison was limited to public prisons most similar on a variety of facility-level characteristics. The extent to which the two types of prisons differ is closely tied to the characteristics of the facilities that are compared.

  13. The northeastern area's objectives and beliefs toward national forests and grasslands

    Treesearch

    Lori B. Shelby; Deborah J. Shields; Brian M. Kent

    2008-01-01

    The Northeastern Area, an organizational unit of the State and Private Forestry branch of the U.S. Forest Service, serves the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. For this study, residents of the Northeastern Area were asked about their objectives for the management, use, and conservation of forests and grasslands and beliefs about the role the Forest Service...

  14. The Idea of the Visiting Inquiry in Comparative Education: The 1903 Mosely Commission and the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawn, Martin

    2015-01-01

    Through a study of a privately funded and ambitious inquiry into the education system of the United States, the relations between the development of comparative education as an activity and the governing of education systems in the early 20th century can be illuminated. The relations and interests of early comparativists were mobilized and…

  15. Current challenges and realities for forest-based businesses adjacent to public lands in the United States

    Treesearch

    Emily J. Davis; Jesse Abrams; Eric M. White; Cassandra Moseley

    2018-01-01

    Through contracting and timber sales, the private sector is engaged in management of national forest lands and local community economies in the United States. But there is little recent research about current relationships between these lands and timber purchasers that could better inform future timber and biomass sale and business assistance policies and programs. We...

  16. Environmental Protection Directory: A Comprehensive Guide to Environmental Organizations in the United States and Canada. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trzyna, Thaddeus C., Ed.; Osberg, Sally R., Ed.

    This directory is designed to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date source of information on governmental and private organizations concerned with environmental quality in the United States and Canada. The book is divided into five major parts: the User's Guide, sections for U.S., Canadian, and international organizations, and the indexes. The…

  17. A national assessment of public recreational access on family forestlands in the United States

    Treesearch

    Stephanie A. Snyder; Brett J. Butler

    2012-01-01

    Private forestlands in the United States are important for public recreation, but access to them may be threatened. Using the US Forest Service's National Woodland Owner Survey, we examined the following questions: (1) How prevalent is public recreational access on family forestland? (2) What influences whether a family forest owner allows public access? (3) Are...

  18. Patterns, Trends and Policy Implications of Private Spending on Skills Development in Mexico and the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Székely, Miguel; Mendoza, Pamela

    2017-01-01

    This paper explores families' investment in skills development through education in a high-inequality, low-education quality country such as Mexico, comparing it to a lower-inequality, higher-quality education country such as the United States. The paper uses a series of Household Income and Expenditure Surveys for both countries spanning around…

  19. An Assessment of Community College Staff Development Needs in the Northeastern United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hammons, James O.; Wallace, Terry H. Smith

    This monograph reports the results of a study conducted to make a comprehensive assessment of the inservice training needs of public and private two-year colleges in the northeastern United States and Ohio. A questionnaire was sent to the chief executive officer of 294 two-year colleges to gather information on degree of need for specific areas of…

  20. Medicaid enrollment after liver transplantation: Effects of medicaid expansion.

    PubMed

    Tumin, Dmitry; Hayes, Don; Washburn, W Kenneth; Tobias, Joseph D; Black, Sylvester M

    2016-08-01

    Liver transplantation (LT) recipients in the United States have low rates of paid employment, making some eligible for Medicaid public health insurance after transplant. We test whether recent expansions of Medicaid eligibility increased Medicaid enrollment and insurance coverage in this population. Patients of ages 18-59 years receiving first-time LTs in 2009-2013 were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry and stratified according to insurance at transplantation (private versus Medicaid/Medicare). Posttransplant insurance status was assessed through June 2015. Difference-in-difference multivariate competing-risks models stratified on state of residence estimated effects of Medicaid expansion on Medicaid enrollment or use of uninsured care after LT. Of 12,837 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 6554 (51%) lived in a state that expanded Medicaid eligibility. Medicaid participation after LT was more common in Medicaid-expansion states (25%) compared to nonexpansion states (19%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of 7279 patients with private insurance at transplantation demonstrated that after the effective date of Medicaid expansion (January 1, 2014), the hazard of posttransplant Medicaid enrollment increased in states participating in Medicaid expansion (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.0; P = 0.01), but not in states opting out of Medicaid expansion (HR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.5-1.3; P = 0.37), controlling for individual characteristics and time-invariant state-level factors. No effects of Medicaid expansion on the use of posttransplant uninsured care were found, regardless of private or government insurance status at transplantation. Medicaid expansion increased posttransplant Medicaid enrollment among patients who had private insurance at transplantation, but it did not improve overall access to health insurance among LT recipients. Liver Transplantation 22 1075-1084 2016 AASLD. © 2016 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

  1. The Changing Roles of Online Deans and Department Heads in Small Private Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Halupa, Colleen M.

    2016-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of best practices and challenges for deans and department heads of online programmes in the ever-changing world of higher education. It concentrates on the challenges for small private universities and tertiary education institutions in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Department heads must consider…

  2. Do Self-Interested Schooling Selections Improve Society? A Review of the Evidence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeAngelis, Corey A.

    2017-01-01

    I review the literature that quantifies the effects of private school choice programs on three important civic outcomes for students in the United States: tolerance, civic engagement, and social order. Out of the 11 studies on private school choice that examine these civic outcomes, the impacts are null to positive for tolerance, null to positive…

  3. 39 CFR 320.7 - Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals. 320.7 Section 320.7 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CARRIAGE OF LETTERS SUSPENSION OF THE PRIVATE EXPRESS STATUTES § 320.7 Suspension for advertisements accompanying parcels or periodicals. (a) Th...

  4. Public Support for Catholic and Denominational Schools: An International Perspective.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawton, Stephen B.

    Government policy on public support for private schools in Sweden, the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, The Netherlands, France and Malta, and Canada is reviewed. In Sweden virtually all schools are government schools funded by local and national grants; only a handful of private schools exist and they receive no government funds. The United…

  5. Organizational Adaptation of Liberal Arts Colleges during the Great Recession of 2007

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hilbun, Ashlie Junot; Mamiseishvili, Ketevan

    2016-01-01

    The study we report here explored how private liberal arts colleges adapted to the Great Recession of 2007. We examined institutional changes at three private liberal arts colleges and their effects on the institutions' operations. For this multiple-case study we analyzed data from three colleges in the southeastern region of the United States;…

  6. Forests on the edge: evaluating contributions of and threats to America's private forest lands

    Treesearch

    Mark Hatfield; Ronald E. McRoberts; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Mike Dechter; < i> et al< /i>

    2007-01-01

    The Forests on the Edge project, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, uses geographic information systems to construct and analyze maps depicting ecological, social, and economic contributions of America's private forest lands and threats to those contributions. Watersheds across the conterminous United States are ranked relative to the...

  7. The Effects of Catholic Schooling on Civic Participation. CIRCLE Working Paper 09

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dee, Thomas S.

    2003-01-01

    The United States has an extensive network of publicly financed and managed schools and provides almost no financial support to private schools. One of the most fundamental justifications for the status quo is the hypothesis that the regulation of private schools cannot adequately ensure that the desired social benefits of schooling will be…

  8. Public Perceptions, Private Agendas: Washington, Moton, and the Secondary Curriculum of Tuskegee Institute 1910-1926

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morowski, Deborah L.

    2013-01-01

    After the Civil War, schooling for African Americans was irregular and consisted mainly of elementary grades. Education was provided, primarily, by elite, private institutions and fewer than three percent of students aged 13-17 attended regularly. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling in "Plessey v. Ferguson." Although…

  9. Faculty Salary Schedules in Community-Junior Colleges, 1969-70.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Education Association, Washington, DC. Research Div.

    This report reviews and analyzes the 1969-1970 salary schedules of 52 private and 460 public 2-year colleges throughout the United States. These schedules are based on levels of academic preparation completed, faculty rank, or both (about two-thirds of the reviewed public and one-half the reviewed private institutions base their schedules on level…

  10. A Review of the Empirical Research on Private School Choice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Egalite, Anna J.; Wolf, Patrick J.

    2016-01-01

    Parents in the United States have had the legal right to choose the school their child attends for a long time. Traditionally, parental school choice took the form of families moving to a neighborhood with good public schools or self-financing private schooling. Contemporary education policies allow parents in many areas to choose from among…

  11. Comparing Strategies for Providing Child and Youth Mental Health Care Services in Canada, the United States, and The Netherlands.

    PubMed

    Ronis, Scott T; Slaunwhite, Amanda K; Malcom, Kathryn E

    2017-11-01

    This paper reviews how child and youth mental health care services in Canada, the United States, and the Netherlands are organized and financed in order to identify systems and individual-level factors that may inhibit or discourage access to treatment for youth with mental health problems, such as public or private health insurance coverage, out-of-pocket expenses, and referral requirements for specialized mental health care services. Pathways to care for treatment of mental health problems among children and youth are conceptualized and discussed in reference to health insurance coverage and access to specialty services. We outline reforms to the organization of health care that have been introduced in recent years, and the basket of services covered by public and private insurance schemes. We conclude with a discussion of country-level opportunities to enhance access to child and youth mental health services using existing health policy levers in Canada, the United States and the Netherlands.

  12. Healthcare system and the wealth-health gradient: a comparative study of older populations in six countries.

    PubMed

    Maskileyson, Dina

    2014-10-01

    The present study provides a comparative analysis of the association between wealth and health in six healthcare systems (Sweden, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Czech Republic, Israel, the United States). National samples of individuals fifty years and over reveal considerable cross-country variations in health outcomes. In all six countries wealth and health are positively associated. The findings also show that state-based healthcare systems produce better population health outcomes than private-based healthcare systems. The results indicate that in five out of the six countries studied, the wealth-health gradients were remarkably similar, despite significant variations in healthcare system type. Only in the United States was the association between wealth and health substantially different from, and much greater than that in the other five countries. The findings suggest that private-based healthcare system in the U.S. is likely to promote stronger positive associations between wealth and health. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Oral Health Care for Children in Countries Using Dental Therapists in Public, School-Based Programs, Contrasted with That of the United States, Using Dentists in a Private Practice Model

    PubMed Central

    Friedman, Jay W.; Nash, David A.

    2013-01-01

    The United States faces a significant problem with access to oral health care, particularly for children. More than 50 countries have developed an alternative dental provider, a dental therapist, practicing in public, school-based programs, to address children’s access to care. This delivery model has been demonstrated to improve access to care and oral health outcomes while providing quality care economically. We summarize elements of a recent major review of the global literature on the use of dental therapists, “A Review of the Global Literature on Dental Therapists: In the Context of the Movement to Add Dental Therapists to the Oral Health Workforce in the United States.” We contrast the success of a school-based model of caring for children by dental therapists with that of the US model of dentists providing care for children in private practices. PMID:23865650

  14. Characteristics of Public, Private, and Bureau of Indian Education Elementary and Secondary Schools in the United States: Results From the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey. First Look. NCES 2009-321

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Keigher, Ashley

    2009-01-01

    This report presents selected findings from the school data files of the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). SASS is a nationally representative sample survey of public, private, and Bureau of Indian Education-funded (BIE) K-12 schools, principals, and teachers in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The 2007-08 SASS sample is a…

  15. Out-of-pocket costs and insurance coverage for abortion in the United States.

    PubMed

    Roberts, Sarah C M; Gould, Heather; Kimport, Katrina; Weitz, Tracy A; Foster, Diana Greene

    2014-01-01

    Since 1976, federal Medicaid has excluded abortion care except in a small number of circumstances; 17 states provide this coverage using state Medicaid dollars. Since 2010, federal and state restrictions on insurance coverage for abortion have increased. This paper describes payment for abortion care before new restrictions among a sample of women receiving first and second trimester abortions. Data are from the Turnaway Study, a study of women seeking abortion care at 30 facilities across the United States. Two thirds received financial assistance, with those with pregnancies at later gestations more likely to receive assistance. Seven percent received funding from private insurance, 34% state Medicaid, and 29% other organizations. Median out-of-pocket costs when private insurance or Medicaid paid were $18 and $0. Median out-of-pocket cost for women for whom insurance or Medicaid did not pay was $575. For more than half, out-of-pocket costs were equivalent to more than one-third of monthly personal income; this was closer to two thirds among those receiving later abortions. One quarter who had private insurance had their abortion covered through insurance. Among women possibly eligible for Medicaid based on income and residence, more than one third received Medicaid coverage for the abortion. More than half reported cost as a reason for delay in obtaining an abortion. In a multivariate analysis, living in a state where Medicaid for abortion was available, having Medicaid or private insurance, being at a lower gestational age, and higher income were associated with lower odds of reporting cost as a reason for delay. Out-of-pocket costs for abortion care are substantial for many women, especially at later gestations. There are significant gaps in public and private insurance coverage for abortion. Copyright © 2014 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. 24 CFR 882.401 - Eligible properties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) Ineligible properties. (1) Nursing homes, units within the grounds of penal, reformatory, medical, mental and similar public or private institutions, and facilities providing continual psychiatric, medical or nursing... State or unit of general local government is not eligible for assistance under this program. (3) High...

  17. 24 CFR 882.401 - Eligible properties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) Ineligible properties. (1) Nursing homes, units within the grounds of penal, reformatory, medical, mental and similar public or private institutions, and facilities providing continual psychiatric, medical or nursing... State or unit of general local government is not eligible for assistance under this program. (3) High...

  18. 24 CFR 882.401 - Eligible properties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) Ineligible properties. (1) Nursing homes, units within the grounds of penal, reformatory, medical, mental and similar public or private institutions, and facilities providing continual psychiatric, medical or nursing... State or unit of general local government is not eligible for assistance under this program. (3) High...

  19. 24 CFR 882.401 - Eligible properties.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Ineligible properties. (1) Nursing homes, units within the grounds of penal, reformatory, medical, mental and similar public or private institutions, and facilities providing continual psychiatric, medical or nursing... State or unit of general local government is not eligible for assistance under this program. (3) High...

  20. The Role of Government in Physician Reimbursement.

    PubMed

    Woerheide, James; Lake, Tim; Rich, Eugene C

    2016-01-01

    Governments around the world exert a substantial degree of influence over physician reimbursement, but the structure and level of that influence varies greatly. This article defines and analyzes the role of government in physician reimbursement both internationally and in the United States. We create a typology for government involvement in physician reimbursement that divides intervention into either direct control or indirect control. Within those broad categories, we describe more specific forms of involvement including rate setting, operating as a public payer, employing physicians directly, providing a source of market discipline, regulating private insurance, and convening private participants in the market. We apply our framework to the modern healthcare systems of Germany, Sweden, Canada, and the United States, highlighting some of the implications of differences between the systems. Our central finding is that in contrast to other example healthcare systems, the United States system features a complex interplay of federal and state government influence, both direct and indirect, into physician reimbursement. We conclude the article by examining the ways in which recent legislation including the Affordable Care Act and the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act would likely change the role of government in physician reimbursement in the United States. Copyright © 2016 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. The Role of Organizational Culture in the Leadership of United States Air Force Services Squadrons

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-01-01

    correlation to the private sector , while others, e.g., mortuary affairs and honor guard, are strictly military in nature. In any case, all functions and...similar to its private sector commercial hotel or motel counterpart. Air Force personnel traveling as * part of their duty requirement are required to stay...oriented management style prevalent in both the private and public sector ; this is not the case. The question becomes whether one -17 wants to push the

  2. [Prenatal care in public and private health services: a population-based survey in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil].

    PubMed

    Cesar, Juraci A; Sutil, Andréa T; Santos, Gabriela B dos; Cunha, Carolina F; Mendoza-Sassi, Raúl A

    2012-11-01

    This study aimed to evaluate public and private prenatal care for women in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Women who gave birth at the two local maternity hospitals from January 1 to December 31, 2010, answered a standardized questionnaire. The interview sites in the public sector were primary health care units with and without the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and outpatient clinics; the private sector included clinics operated by health plans and private physicians' offices. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions. The response rate was 97.2% (2,395 out of 2,464). Among the 23 target variables and indicators, seven showed a clear advantage for mothers who had received prenatal care under the FHS and six for health plan clinics and private offices. Four variables showed virtually universal coverage at all five study sites. Prenatal care showed better coverage for pregnant women treated in the private sector. Pregnant women treated under the FHS showed similar coverage to that in the private sector.

  3. [Does the public sector have an independent research role in the development of drugs?].

    PubMed

    Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen; Grønlykke, Thor Buch

    2003-04-14

    Exclusively private companies do drug development. The State contributes with education of academics and basic research constituting the basis of half of the drugs developed by the private companies. The Danish private drug research amounts to six billion DKK per year, corresponding to the estimated price of the development of one new drug. The development shows a negative tendency. There are doubts about the scientific credibility, the number of new drugs is declining, drug development costs are rising, and the competitiveness in Europe is declining compared with the one of The United States. Continued improvement of Danish drug development can be achieved by stimulation of the public research related to drug development.

  4. Organized Labor's Participation in State Workplace Literacy Initiatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sarmiento, Anthony R.

    The literature shows that state federations of labor should be, and many are, actively involved in current state literacy initiatives. The United States must develop a coherent and comprehensive system of lifetime education. This will require a greater commitment of public and private resources to education and training. Too many employers are…

  5. Unit III: International Conflict.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maxey, Phyllis

    1983-01-01

    This lesson helps students understand the global network involved in international events. Students have an opportunity to examine the impact of international law and the role of international organizations, national governments, and private individuals in the effort to secure the release of United States hostages in Iran. (AM)

  6. Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 16, Number 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-01

    current status of the conventional munitions industry in the United States today and provides an economic theory for reviving this declining, but...Avant, 2007). United States Naval War College Professor Larry McCabe observed that an economic aspect to the emergence of private security...flows, feedback, and nonlinear relationships in managerial control. The methodology’s ability to model many diverse system components (e.g., work

  7. The development of landscape-scale ecological units and their application to the greater Huachuca Mountains fire planning process

    Treesearch

    Larry E. Laing; David Gori; James T. Jones

    2005-01-01

    The multi-partner Greater Huachuca Mountains fire planning effort involves over 500,000 acres of public and private lands. This large area supports distinct landscapes that have evolved with fire. Utilizing GIS as a tool, the United States Forest Service (USFS), General Ecosystem Survey (GES), and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) State Soil Geographic...

  8. Forest management and timber production in the U.S. South [Document prepared for Canada/United States lumber consultations

    Treesearch

    David N. Wear

    1996-01-01

    This paper has described the evolution of the South's forest sector from several perspectives. Findings are summarized below: The South contains 24 percent of the U.S. land area, and 40 percent of U.S. timberland. Southern forests are among the most productive in the United States. Timberland ownership is dominated by private landowners. While ownership by...

  9. Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze? A Benefit/Cost Analysis of the District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wolf, Patrick J.; McShane, Michael

    2013-01-01

    School voucher programs have become a prominent aspect of the education policy landscape in the United States. The DC Opportunity Scholarship Program is the only federally funded voucher program in the United States. Since 2004 it has offered publicly funded private school vouchers to nearly four thousand students to attend any of seventy-three…

  10. GIS Analysis to Assess where Shallow Ground Water Supplies in the United States are Vulnerable to Contamination by Releases of Motor Fuel from Underground Storage Tanks

    EPA Science Inventory

    Data reported on the long form of the 1990 United State Census were used to identify the number of households in each census block group that obtained water from a private source. A data file was purchased form ESRI Business Solutions (ESRI, 2009) that contained the latitude and ...

  11. Where is the carbon? Carbon sequestration potential from private forestland in the Southern United States

    Treesearch

    Christopher S. Galik; Brian C. Murray; D. Evan Mercer

    2013-01-01

    Uncertainty surrounding the future supply of timber in the southern United States prompted the question, “Where is all the wood?” (Cubbage et al. 1995). We ask a similar question about the potential of southern forests to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sequestering carbon. Because significant carbon sequestration potential occurs on individual nonindustrial...

  12. Preparedness of International Students from the British Bologna Process Degree for the Completion of a Master of Science Degree in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heaster, Dwight W.

    2010-01-01

    The study evaluated the impact the Bologna (3-year European) degrees have had on graduate international students enrolled in a private university in the United States. The evaluation focused on the students' preparedness for graduate level work. The research involved the graduate faculty who had experience working with the international graduate…

  13. Public-private partnership experience enabling translational research for anti-tick vaccine used in integrated Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. annulatus tick eradication in the United States of America

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. annulatus are invasive tick species and vectors of microbes causing bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis that were declared eradicated from the United States of America in 1943 through efforts of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. These tick disease v...

  14. Putting the Critical Back in Critical Infrastructure

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-01

    site assessments) with private sector partners and local utilities and associations such as the AWRA and AWWA. Oil  and  Gas  Industry—regulatory...Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • United States Virgin Islands • Utah • Vermont • Virginia...United States Virgin Islands 0 Utah 0 Vermont 0 Virginia 2 Washington 8 West Virginia 0 Wisconsin 1 Wyoming 0

  15. Updated Estimates of the Average Financial Return on Master's Degree Programs in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gándara, Denisa; Toutkoushian, Robert K.

    2017-01-01

    In this study, we provide updated estimates of the private and social financial return on enrolling in a master's degree program in the United States. In addition to returns for all fields of study, we show estimated returns to enrolling in master's degree programs in business and education, specifically. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to…

  16. Statistics of Public and Private School Library Media Centers, 1985-86 (with Historical Comparisons from 1958-1985).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Jeffrey W.; And Others

    This report presents the results of a national survey on the status of the library media resources and services in elementary and secondary public and private schools in the United States in 1985. Also included are selected comparisons of survey results with the 1975 AASL (American Association of School Librarians)/AECT (Association for…

  17. Korean Affairs Report.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-01-21

    Democratic Party’s presidential candidate in 1980, heads the National Rainbow Coalition, a private organization aimed at promoting racial equality in...Political Commission of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance of Peru , stressed: Our alliance expresses full support to the correct policy of...National Rainbow Coalition, a private organization aimed at promoting racxal equality in the United States. • While in Seoul, Jackson is scheduled to meet

  18. Evidence on Private Sector Training. Background Paper No. 7c.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ouweneel, William M.

    Private sector training is a primary force in education in the United States for a number of reasons: (1) the sheer amount of such training makes it a major factor; (2) this training has a significant impact on the nation's productivity and competitiveness; (3) it plays a major role in creating innovative and cost-effective solutions to training…

  19. Overcoming Branding Barriers in Nonprofit, Private Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chyr, Fred

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to explore the views of experts in the field of nonprofit private colleges and universities in the United States to define branding and identify current barriers to branding, to discover how those barriers can be overcome, and to determine what barriers to branding are likely to occur 5 years in the…

  20. The ownership of small private forest-land holdings in 23 New England towns

    Treesearch

    Solon Barraclough; James C. Rettie

    1950-01-01

    Much of the forest land in New England, as elsewhere in the United States, is in small private holdings. How to get these small holdings under reasonably good forest management so that they can better contribute to the country?s need for a high sustained yield of good timber products is one of the forestry?s big problems.

  1. RE-DeC, A Unique Private/Public Partnership--A Strategy Design for the '80s.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fritz, Louis Winfield

    Richland County, Ohio has brought together what is generally considered to be the broadest-based private development corporation in the United States. In 1982 a group of bankers and corporate executives made a decision to make a countywide commitment to support one corporate construction exclusively to direct a program and strategy for economic…

  2. Should the U.S. Department of State Continue to Use Private Security Contractors to Protect U.S. Diplomats

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-06-13

    USE PRIVATE SECURITY CONTRACTORS TO PROTECT U.S. DIPLOMATS 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ...Special Agent Derek Dela-Cruz 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Command and General Staff College...

  3. Reviews of Data on Science Resources, No. 30. Scientific and Technical Personnel in Private Industry, 1960-70 and 1975.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Science Resources Studies.

    This survey was conducted by the Census Bureau under a contract with the National Science Foundation to measure the number of persons working as scientists, engineers, and technicians in the private business sector. A sample was drawn from all active employer establishments in the United States excluding colleges, universities, and governments.…

  4. PICs, TECs and LECs: Lessons to Be Learnt from the Differences between the USA Private Industry Councils and Britain's Training and Enterprise Councils.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bennett, Robert J.

    1994-01-01

    Comparison of Britain's Training and Enterprise Councils/Local Enterprise Companies with the United States' Private Industry Councils (PICs) shows common problems: inadequate financing, labor market fragmentation, staff turnover, and lack of national strategy. PICs have a clearer mission and greater success in developing partnerships with local…

  5. Differences in Coping Strategies for Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wright, Michelle F.; Yanagida, Takuya; Ševcíková, Anna; Aoyama, Ikuko; Dedková, Lenka; Machácková, Hana; Li, Zheng; Kamble, Shanmukh V.; Bayraktar, Fatih; Soudi, Shruti; Lei, Li; Shu, Chang

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study was to examine the role of publicity (private versus public) and medium (face-to-face versus cyber) in adolescents' coping strategies for hypothetical victimization, while also considering culture. Participants were adolescents from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. The study also…

  6. Effectiveness of the forest stewardship program in conserving natural resources on private lands in Indiana

    Treesearch

    Andriy V. Zhalnin; Shorna R. Broussard; Richard L. Farnsworth

    2008-01-01

    Forest ecosystems are a dominant component of the nation's landscape but are a challenge to manage because of diverse ownership and policy objectives. Privately owned, nonindustrial lands comprise nearly half of all forests in the United States (42 percent); nearly 10.3 million citizens own 393 million acres. A number of landowner assistance programs are designed...

  7. State Workforce Policy Initiative.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Public/Private Ventures, Philadelphia, PA.

    Surging demand for workers, growing income inequality, and passage of welfare reforms have made work force development one of the United States' key national concerns. Public/Private Ventures has been working with various states to design work force development strategies that seek to address the concerns of many work force development specialists…

  8. 77 FR 6169 - Defense Trade Advisory Group; Notice of Membership

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-07

    ... AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Notice. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Political-Military...-Military Affairs is interested in applications from subject matter experts from the United States defense...-Military Affairs with a formal channel for regular consultation and coordination with U.S. private sector...

  9. Brief of Amici Curiae Columbia University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Rice University, and Vanderbilt University in Support of Respondents. In the Supreme Court of the United States, Barbara Grutter, Petitioner, v. Lee Bollinger, et al., Respondents. Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, Petitioners, v. Lee Bollinger, et al., Respondents on Writs of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    United States Supreme Court, Washington, DC.

    This legal document asserts that the judgement of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in Grutter v. Bollinger (No. 02-241) and the order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in Gratz v. Bollinger (No. 02-516) should be affirmed. This brief, filed by five highly selective private universities…

  10. Growth in spending on substance use disorder treatment services for the privately insured population.

    PubMed

    Thomas, Cindy Parks; Hodgkin, Dominic; Levit, Katharine; Mark, Tami L

    2016-03-01

    Approximately 8% of individuals with private health insurance in the United States have substance use disorders (SUDs), but in 2009 only 0.4% of all private insurance spending was on SUDs. The objective of this study was to determine if changes that occurred between 2009 and 2012 - such as more generous SUD benefits, an epidemic of opioid use disorders, and slow recovery from a recession - were associated with greater use of SUD treatment. Data were from the 2004-2012 Truven Health Analytics MarketScan(®) Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. This database is representative of individuals with private insurance in the United States. Per enrollee use of and spending on SUD treatment was determined and compared with spending on all health care services. Trends were examined for inpatient care, outpatient care, and prescription medications. During the 2009-2012 time period, use of and spending on SUD services increased compared with all diagnoses. Two-thirds of the increase was driven by higher growth rates in outpatient use and prices. Despite the high growth rates, SUD treatment penetration rates remained low. As of 2012, only 0.6% of individuals with private insurance used SUD outpatient services, 0.2% filled SUD medication prescriptions, and 0.1% used inpatient SUD services. In 2012, SUD services accounted for less than 0.7% of all private insurance spending. Despite recent coverage improvements, individuals with private health insurance still may not receive adequate levels of treatment for SUDs, as evidenced by the small proportion of individuals who access treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. 36 CFR 230.31 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... individual, group, association, corporation, Indian Tribe, or other legal private entity owning nonindustrial... Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  12. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  13. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  14. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  15. 24 CFR 982.605 - SRO: Housing quality standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... an SRO unit without passing through any other unit. (4) Sprinkler system. A sprinkler system that protects all major spaces, hard wired smoke detectors, and such other fire and safety improvements as State... utilize an approvable public or private disposal system. (E) Sanitary facilities must be reasonably...

  16. At the crossroads: Hazard assessment and reduction of health risks from arsenic in private well waters of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Zheng, Yan; Ayotte, Joseph

    2015-01-01

    This special issue contains 12 papers that report on new understanding of arsenic (As) hydrogeochemistry, performance of household well water treatment systems, and testing and treatment behaviors of well users in several states of the northeastern region of the United States and Nova Scotia, Canada. The responsibility to ensure water safety of private wells falls on well owners. In the U.S., 43 million Americans, mostly from rural areas, use private wells. In order to reduce As exposure in rural populations that rely on private wells for drinking water, risk assessment, which includes estimation of population at risk of exposure to As above the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level, is helpful but insufficient because it does not identify individual households at risk. Persistent optimistic bias among well owners against testing and barriers such as cost of treatment mean that a large percentage of the population will not act to reduce their exposure to harmful substances such as As. If households are in areas with known As occurrence, a potentially large percentage of well owners will remain unaware of their exposure. To ensure that everyone, including vulnerable populations such as low income families with children and pregnant women, is not exposed to arsenic in their drinking water, alternative action will be required and warrants further research.

  17. At the Crossroads: Hazard Assessment and Reduction of Health Risks from Arsenic in Private Well Waters of Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada

    PubMed Central

    Zheng, Yan; Ayotte, Joseph D.

    2014-01-01

    This special issue contains 12 papers that report on new understanding of arsenic hydrogeochemistry, performance of household well water treatment systems, and testing and treatment behaviors of well users in several states of the northeastern region of the United States and Nova Scotia, Canada. The responsibility to ensure water safety of private wells falls on well owners. In the U.S., 43 million Americans, mostly from rural areas, use private wells. In order to reduce As exposure in rural populations that rely on private wells for drinking water, risk assessment, which includes estimation of population at risk of exposure to As above the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level, is helpful but insufficient because it does not identify individual households at risk. Persistent optimism bias among well owners against testing and barriers such as cost of treatment mean that a large percentage of the population will not act to reduce their exposure to harmful substances such as As. If households are in areas with known As occurrence, a potentially large percentage of well owners will remain unaware of their exposure. To ensure that everyone, including vulnerable populations such as low income families with children and pregnant women, is not exposed to arsenic in their drinking water, alternative action will be required and warrants further research. PMID:25466685

  18. Serving Migrant Families, 1975.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oliver, Barbara, Ed.

    The directory describes services provided to migratory agricultural workers and their families, through the governmental and nongovernmental agencies interested in and responsible for their well-being. Agencies are grouped into: (1) United States government agencies, (2) North Carolina State government agencies, and (3) private organizations.…

  19. Trends and patterns in research and development expenditures in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Jaffe, Adam B.

    1996-01-01

    This paper is a review of recent trends in United States expenditures on research and development (R&D). Real expenditures by both the government and the private sector increased rapidly between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s, and have since leveled off. This is true of both overall expenditures and expenditures on basic research, as well as funding of academic research. Preliminary estimates indicate that about $170 billion was spent on R&D in the United States in 1995, with ≈60% of that funding coming from the private sector and about 35% from the federal government. In comparison to other countries, we have historically spent more on R&D relative to our economy than other advanced economies, but this advantage appears to be disappearing. If defense-related R&D is excluded, our expenditures relative to the size of the economy are considerably smaller than those of other similar economies. PMID:8917476

  20. The Social and Economic Status of the Black Population in the United States 1974. Current Population Reports, Special Studies, Series P-23, No. 54.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McKenney, Nampeo D.R.; And Others

    This population report presents current census and other governmental and private agency statistics on the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the black population in the United States for 1974. Recent trends dating from 1970 to 1974 (and in the case of income and labor force, including early 1975 figures) are examined for…

  1. Cyberspace: A Selected Bibliography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-05-01

    Implications of the Private Sector’s Role in Cyber Conflict." Texas International Law Journal 47, no. 3 (Summer 2012): 617-640. ProQuest Lucas, George R...Cyberspace." Proceedings: United States Naval Institute 137, no. 2 (February 2011): 32-37. ProQuest Lin, Herbert . "Escalation Dynamics and Conflict...Harold Hongju. "International Law in Cyberspace." USCYBERCOM [United States Cyber Command] Inter-Agency Legal Conference, Ft. Meade , MD, September 18

  2. Clinical research in the United States at a crossroads: proposal for a novel public-private partnership to establish a national clinical research enterprise.

    PubMed

    Crowley, William F; Sherwood, Louis; Salber, Patricia; Scheinberg, David; Slavkin, Hal; Tilson, Hugh; Reece, E Albert; Catanese, Veronica; Johnson, Stephen B; Dobs, Adrian; Genel, Myron; Korn, Allan; Reame, Nancy; Bonow, Robert; Grebb, Jack; Rimoin, David

    2004-03-03

    The clinical research infrastructure of the United States is currently at a critical crossroads. To leverage the enormous biomedical research gains made in the past century efficiently, a drastic need exists to reengineer this system into a coordinated, safe, and more efficient and effective enterprise. To accomplish this task, clinical research must be transformed from its current state as a cottage industry to an enterprise-wide health care pipeline whose function is to bring the novel research from both government and private entities to the US public. We propose the establishment of a unique public-private partnership termed the National Clinical Research Enterprise (NCRE). Its agenda should consist of informed public participation, supportive information technologies, a skilled workforce, and adequate funding in clinical research. Devoting only 0.25% of the budgets from all health care stakeholders to support the NCRE would permit adequate funding to build the infrastructure required to address these problems in an enterprise fashion. All participants in the US health care delivery system must come together to focus on system-wide improvements that will benefit the public.

  3. 75 FR 70003 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-16

    ..., guarantees, insurance and working capital credits. By neutralizing the effect of export credit support offered by foreign governments and by absorbing credit risks that the private sector will not accept, Ex...-Import Bank of the United States (``Ex-Im Bank'') is the official export credit agency of the United...

  4. 42 CFR 1007.11 - Duties and responsibilities of the unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... patients in health care facilities receiving payments under the State Medicaid plan and may review complaints of the misappropriation of patient's private funds in such facilities. (2) If the initial review... involving the same suspects or allegations. (f) The unit will safeguard the privacy rights of all...

  5. 42 CFR 1007.11 - Duties and responsibilities of the unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... patients in health care facilities receiving payments under the State Medicaid plan and may review complaints of the misappropriation of patient's private funds in such facilities. (2) If the initial review... involving the same suspects or allegations. (f) The unit will safeguard the privacy rights of all...

  6. 42 CFR 1007.11 - Duties and responsibilities of the unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... patients in health care facilities receiving payments under the State Medicaid plan and may review complaints of the misappropriation of patient's private funds in such facilities. (2) If the initial review... involving the same suspects or allegations. (f) The unit will safeguard the privacy rights of all...

  7. 42 CFR 1007.11 - Duties and responsibilities of the unit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... patients in health care facilities receiving payments under the State Medicaid plan and may review complaints of the misappropriation of patient's private funds in such facilities. (2) If the initial review... involving the same suspects or allegations. (f) The unit will safeguard the privacy rights of all...

  8. A Proposal for Public and Private Partnership in Extension.

    PubMed

    Krell, Rayda K; Fisher, Marc L; Steffey, Kevin L

    2016-01-01

    Public funding for Extension in the United States has been decreasing for many years, but farmers' need for robust information on which to make management decisions has not diminished. The current Extension funding challenges provide motivation to explore a different model for developing and delivering extension. The private sector has partnered with the public sector to fund and conduct agricultural research, but partnering on extension delivery has occurred far less frequently. The fundamental academic strength and established Extension network of the public sector combined with the ability of the private sector to encourage and deliver practical, implementable solutions has the potential to provide measurable benefits to farmers. This paper describes the current Extension climate, presents data from a survey about Extension and industry relationships, presents case studies of successful public- and private-sector extension partnerships, and proposes a framework for evaluating the state of effective partnerships. Synergistic public-private extension efforts could ensure that farmers receive the most current and balanced information available to help with their management decisions.

  9. A Proposal for Public and Private Partnership in Extension

    PubMed Central

    Krell, Rayda K.; Fisher, Marc L.; Steffey, Kevin L.

    2016-01-01

    Public funding for Extension in the United States has been decreasing for many years, but farmers’ need for robust information on which to make management decisions has not diminished. The current Extension funding challenges provide motivation to explore a different model for developing and delivering extension. The private sector has partnered with the public sector to fund and conduct agricultural research, but partnering on extension delivery has occurred far less frequently. The fundamental academic strength and established Extension network of the public sector combined with the ability of the private sector to encourage and deliver practical, implementable solutions has the potential to provide measurable benefits to farmers. This paper describes the current Extension climate, presents data from a survey about Extension and industry relationships, presents case studies of successful public- and private-sector extension partnerships, and proposes a framework for evaluating the state of effective partnerships. Synergistic public–private extension efforts could ensure that farmers receive the most current and balanced information available to help with their management decisions. PMID:26949567

  10. The Impact of Sexuality in Contemporary Culture: An Interpretive Study of Perceptions and Choices in Private Sector Dance Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Risner, Doug; Godfrey, Heidi; Simmons, Linda C.

    2004-01-01

    The ways in which seven private sector dance professionals in the United States perceive the impact of sexuality in contemporary culture and the choices that they make for their own schools of dance because of these perceptions are explored. This study was conducted through in-depth interviews and a survey instrument. The participants' narratives…

  11. Donating the Voucher: An Alternative Tax Treatment of Private School Enrollment. NBER Working Paper No. 18525

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Samwick, Andrew A.

    2012-01-01

    Approximately 10 percent of school-age children in the United States are enrolled in private schools, relieving the financial burden on public school systems, and the taxpayers who support them, of the cost of their education. At present, the tax code does not allow families who provide this financial relief an income tax deduction, even though…

  12. Mentoring: At the Crossroads of Education, Business and Community. The Power and Promise of Private Sector Engagement in Youth Mentoring

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    MENTOR: National Mentoring Partnership, 2015

    2015-01-01

    This report examines private sector engagement in youth mentoring across the United States, starting with an overview of the youth mentoring movement, then offering perspectives on trends and best practices in corporate engagement and snapshots of a range of initiatives. The information provided in this report is based on a series of structured…

  13. How are America's private forests changing? An integrated assessment of forest management, housing pressure, and urban development in alternate emissions scenarios

    Treesearch

    Pinki Mondal; Brett J. Butler; David B. Kittredge; Warren K. Moser

    2013-01-01

    Private forests are a vital component of the natural ecosystem infrastructure of the United States, and provide critical ecosystem services including clean air and water, energy, wildlife habitat, recreational services, and wood fiber. These forests have been subject to conversion to developed uses due to increasing population pressures. This study examines the...

  14. School Lunch Program: Role and Impacts of Private Food Service Companies. United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Committees.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Div.

    In the Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994, Congress directed the Government Accounting Office (GAO) to examine the use of private food establishments and caterers by schools participating in federal programs for school meals. In conducting its review, the GAO relied primarily on questionnaires returned by food authorities that had…

  15. Planetary Defense

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-05-01

    is very likely that they may develop a solution for planetary defense. 8 United States is leading in space private investments. SpaceX , for...technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.5 SpaceX is the only private company ever to return a spacecraft from low...a technically challenging feat previously accomplished only by governments.6 Contracted by NASA and commercial companies, SpaceX already did 50

  16. The Status of Parental Notification Policy and Practice for Students Involved with Alcohol Abuse at a Private University in Nigeria

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Olaore, Augusta; Olaore, Israel

    2016-01-01

    Parental notification policies and practices have been found to reduce alcohol and drug use at universities in the United States of America. This study examined the status of parental notification policy and practice at a faith-based private university in Nigeria for students involved with alcohol use. The study revealed that the absence of a…

  17. A Comparison of Concentrations of Sodium and Related Nutrients (Potassium, Total Dietary Fiber, Total and Saturated Fat, and Total Sugar) in Private-Label and National Brands of Popular, Sodium-Contributing, Commercially Packaged Foods in the United States.

    PubMed

    Ahuja, Jaspreet K C; Pehrsson, Pamela R; Cogswell, Mary

    2017-05-01

    Private-label brands account for about one in four foods sold in US supermarkets. They provide value to consumers due to their low cost. We know of no US studies comparing the nutrition content of private-label products with corresponding national brand products. The objective was to compare concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) in popular sodium-contributing, commercially packaged foods by brand type (national or private-label brand). During 2010 to 2014, the Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture obtained 1,706 samples of private-label and national brand products from up to 12 locations nationwide and chemically analyzed 937 composites for sodium and related nutrients. The samples came from 61 sodium-contributing, commercially packaged food products for which both private-label and national brands were among the top 75% to 80% of brands for US unit sales. In this post hoc comparative analysis, the authors assigned a variable brand type (national or private label) to each composite and determined mean nutrient contents by brand type overall and by food product and type. The authors tested for significant differences (P<0.05) by brand type using independent sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate. Overall for all foods sampled, differences between brand types were not statistically significant for any of the nutrients studied. However, differences in both directions exist for a few individual food products and food categories. Concentrations of sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar) do not differ systematically between private-label and national brands, suggesting that brand type is not a consideration for nutritional quality of foods in the United States. The study data provide public health officials with baseline nutrient content by brand type to help focus US sodium-reduction efforts. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  18. eHealth Search Patterns: A Comparison of Private and Public Health Care Markets Using Online Panel Data

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Background Patient and consumer access to eHealth information is of crucial importance because of its role in patient-centered medicine and to improve knowledge about general aspects of health and medical topics. Objectives The objectives were to analyze and compare eHealth search patterns in a private (United States) and a public (United Kingdom) health care market. Methods A new taxonomy of eHealth websites is proposed to organize the largest eHealth websites. An online measurement framework is developed that provides a precise and detailed measurement system. Online panel data are used to accurately track and analyze detailed search behavior across 100 of the largest eHealth websites in the US and UK health care markets. Results The health, medical, and lifestyle categories account for approximately 90% of online activity, and e-pharmacies, social media, and professional categories account for the remaining 10% of online activity. Overall search penetration of eHealth websites is significantly higher in the private (United States) than the public market (United Kingdom). Almost twice the number of eHealth users in the private market have adopted online search in the health and lifestyle categories and also spend more time per website than those in the public market. The use of medical websites for specific conditions is almost identical in both markets. The allocation of search effort across categories is similar in both the markets. For all categories, the vast majority of eHealth users only access one website within each category. Those that conduct a search of two or more websites display very narrow search patterns. All users spend relatively little time on eHealth, that is, 3-7 minutes per website. Conclusions The proposed online measurement framework exploits online panel data to provide a powerful and objective method of analyzing and exploring eHealth behavior. The private health care system does appear to have an influence on eHealth search behavior in terms of search penetration and time spent per website in the health and lifestyle categories. Two explanations are offered: (1) the personal incentive of medical costs in the private market incentivizes users to conduct online search; and (2) health care information is more easily accessible through health care professionals in the United Kingdom compared with the United States. However, the use of medical websites is almost identical, suggesting that patients interested in a specific condition have a motivation to search and evaluate health information, irrespective of the health care market. The relatively low level of search in terms of the number of websites accessed and the average time per website raise important questions about the actual level of patient informedness in both the markets. Areas for future research are outlined. PMID:28408362

  19. 45 CFR 400.60 - Payment levels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payment levels. 400.60 Section 400.60 Public... Assistance § 400.60 Payment levels. (a) Under the public/private RCA program, States and the local... the State's TANF payment for the same sized family unit. In States that have TANF payment levels that...

  20. Eating Disorders among College Women.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Basow, Susan A.; Schneck, Renae

    In the past 10 years, eating disorders among adolescent females have become of increasing concern. To assess the prevalence of eating disorders, unusual eating-related behaviors and attitudes, and psychological states among college women, 677 women, from three private northeastern United States colleges, completed a questionnaire assessing…

  1. Resource Inventories.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, VA. Center for Special Education Technology.

    The series of "Resource Inventories" is designed to encourage wider use of available information and services in the field of special education technology. A resource inventory is provided for each of 46 states of the United States. Each inventory includes directory information on public and private agencies and organizations that offer…

  2. Update on imbalanced distribution of endodontists: 1995-2006.

    PubMed

    Waldman, H Barry; Bruder, George A

    2009-05-01

    Past studies on the number of endodontists in the United States indicated an imbalanced distribution of private practice endodontic practitioners in most regions, states, counties, and zip code areas of the country. The availability of more recent studies by the American Dental Association (ADA) provides an opportunity to follow up on these previous studies. The 2006 and past ADA surveys on the Distribution of Dentists in the United States, Advanced Dental Education, and Dental Practice were used to evaluate the number of graduates from advanced education programs in endodontics, the changing number and distribution of endodontists, full-time and part-time work patterns, and the income of private practicing endodontists. A gradual increase in the number of graduates from advanced education programs in endodontics is reflected in a continuing increase in the overall number of private practicing endodontists, but with ongoing differences in endodontists-to-population ratios at the regional and state levels. The findings follow previous study results confirming the increasing numbers of endodontists and continuing differences in the endodontists-to-population ratios at both the regional and state levels. Concerns about the distribution of endodontists in the future need to be considered in terms of evolving dental disease patterns, changing demands for services, evolving third-party mechanisms, and the increased number of female practitioners (with fewer reported working hours than their male counterparts).

  3. 76 FR 27843 - National Building Safety Month, 2011

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-13

    ... 8672 of May 9, 2011 National Building Safety Month, 2011 By the President of the United States of... Building Safety Month. I encourage citizens, government agencies, private businesses, nonprofit...

  4. Telemedicine and competitive change in health care.

    PubMed

    LaMay, C L

    1997-01-01

    Telemedicine--the delivery of health care services to the underserved through communications technologies--has the potential to bring medical care to remote areas where health care is either inadequate or nonexistent. Telemedicine can be something as simple as a phone call, a network transmission of a radiograph or other diagnostic image, or, much more advanced, realtime video surgical consultations from anywhere on the globe. Telemedicine programs operate throughout Europe, Japan, and Australia. International programs, for profit and nonprofit, serve Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The United States is also a major telemedicine developer, principally through government agencies such as the Department of Defense and the Office of Rural Health Policy, and, to a lesser extent, the private sector. But telemedicine in the United States has yet to prove itself economically viable, and it faces a number of political and regulatory barriers. Even more significantly, telemedicine's potential to increase overall health care spending by increasing access to health care has deterred private industry from investing heavily in it. In the short term, telemedicine's most important contribution to health care may be raising fundamental questions about United States health care policy.

  5. The Micropolitics of School District Decentralization

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bjork, Lars G.; Blase, Joseph

    2009-01-01

    This case study of school district educational reform in the United States adds to the knowledge base of macropolitics of federal, state and local governing bodies and private sector agencies in formulating educational policies: It also contributes to our understanding the microplitics of policy implementation. Middle managers' political…

  6. Should I Stay or Should I Go? Factors that Influence the Retention, Turnover, and Attrition of K-12 Music Teachers in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gardner, Robert D.

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to construct a profile of K-12 music teachers in the United States and develop a model to predict their retention, turnover, and attrition. Responses to the "Schools and Staffing Survey" from 47,857 K-12 public and private school teachers, including 1,903 music teachers, were analyzed using comparative…

  7. Virginia's monitoring goals and programs: eastern state perspective

    Treesearch

    Dana Bradshaw

    1993-01-01

    Unlike the federal ownership patterns of the western United States, the eastern states are still largely in the hands of the private landowner. As a result, the implementation of the Partners in Flight program in the East will depend a great deal on the motivation and dedication of individual states. Monitoring programs in particular are in a position to benefit from...

  8. State property tax programs promoting sustainable forests in the United States: A review of program structure and administration

    Treesearch

    Michael Kilgore; Paul Ellefson; Travis Funk; Gregory E. Frey

    2018-01-01

    Financial incentives offered by state property tax programs are a means of promoting goods and services from private forestland. Identified by a 50-state review in 2014–2015, these incentives often require adherence to several conditions including valid ownership and use of forestland, correct size of parcel and suitable forest...

  9. SIGAR Quarterly Report to the United States Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-04-30

    2016 social responsibility across public- and private- sectors around the issues of youth and women’s unemployment . This modification will increase...2015;World Bank , “Afghanistan Transport Sector ,” accessed 7/8/2013; World Bank , Afghanistan Economic Update, 4/2015, pp. 19, 23; World Bank ...stolen from Kabul Bank . Before its near-collapse in 2010, Kabul Bank had been Afghanistan’s largest private bank , distributing most civil salaries

  10. 17 CFR 240.12h-6 - Certification by a foreign private issuer regarding the termination of registration of a class of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... certifying to the Commission on Form 15F (17 CFR 249.324) that: (1) The foreign private issuer has had... average daily trading volume of the subject class of securities in the United States for a recent 12-month period has been no greater than 5 percent of the average daily trading volume of that class of securities...

  11. Small-scale non-industrial private forest ownership in the United States: rationale and implications for forest management

    Treesearch

    Yaoqi Zhang; Daowei Zhang; John Schelhas

    2005-01-01

    The transaction cost approach is used to explain why small non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownerships are increasing in the U.S. We argue that the number of small NIPF owners have increased because: 1) a significant amount of forestland is no longer used economically if primarily for timber production, but rather for non-timber forest products and environmental...

  12. Environmental Assessment: Military Family Housing Privatization Maxwell Air Force Base

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-06-01

    Ray L. Raton Mildred J . Worthy February 9, 2005 Lt. Colonel David W. Maninez Deputy Commander, 42nd MSG 50 South LeMay Plaza (Bldg 804) Maxwell ...Environmental Assessment Military Family Housing Privatization Maxwell Air Force Base United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command... Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama June 2005 Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of

  13. When the private sphere goes public: exploring the issues facing family caregiver organizations in the development of long-term care policies.

    PubMed

    Rozario, Philip A; Palley, Elizabeth

    2008-01-01

    Though family caregiving forms the backbone of the long-term care system in the United States, long-term care policies have traditionally focused on paid services that frail older people and people with disabilities utilize for their day-to-day functioning. Part of the exclusion of family caregiving from the long-term care discourse stems from the traditional separation of the private sphere, where family caregiving occurs, from the public sphere of policy making. However, the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), the National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCSP) and Medicaid waiver legislation may reflect recent changes in the government's position on their role in addressing issues related to the "private spheres." In this article, we explore the nature of family caregiving in the United States, the divide between the public and private spheres and provide an overview of family caregiving-related policies and programs in the U.S. In our review, we examine the provisions in the FMLA, NFCSP, and Medicaid waiver legislation that support family caregiving efforts. We also examine the roles of family caregiver organizations in making family caregiving an important element of long-term care policy and influencing policy-making.

  14. The economic efficiency and equity of government policies on brucellosis: comparative insights from Albania and the United States of America.

    PubMed

    Peck, D; Bruce, M

    2017-04-01

    Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that causes recurring febrile illness in humans, as well as reproductive failure and reduced milk production in livestock. The cost of brucellosis is equal to the sum of lost productivity of humans and animals, as well as private and public expenditures on brucellosis surveillance, prevention, control and treatment. In Albania, Brucella abortus and B. melitensis affect humans, cattle and small ruminants. In the United States, B. abortus affects cattle and wild ungulates in the Greater Yellowstone Area. These two case studies illustrate the importance of place-specific context in developing sustainable and effective brucellosis mitigation policies. Government regulations and mitigation strategies should be designed with consideration of all costs and benefits, both to public agencies and private stakeholders. Policy-makers should, for example, weigh the benefits of a regulation that increases epidemiological certainty against the costs of compliance for producers and households. The distribution of costs and benefits amongst public agencies and private individuals can have important implications for a policy's economic efficiency and equity quite apart from their total magnitude.

  15. Ownership, financing, and management strategies of the ten largest for-profit nursing home chains in the United States.

    PubMed

    Harrington, Charlene; Hauser, Clarilee; Olney, Brian; Rosenau, Pauline Vaillancourt

    2011-01-01

    This study examined the ownership, financing, and management strategies of the 10 largest for-profit nursing home chains in the United States, including the four largest chains purchased by private equity corporations. Descriptive data were collected from Internet searches, company reports, and other sources for the decade 1998-2008. Since 1998, the largest chains have made many changes in their ownership and structure, and some have converted from publicly traded companies to private ownership. This study shows the increasing complexity of corporate nursing home ownership and the lack of public information about ownership and financial status. The chains have used strategies to maximize shareholder and investor value that include increasing Medicare revenues, occupancy rates, and company diversification, establishing multiple layers of corporate ownership, developing real estate investment trusts, and creating limited liability companies. These strategies enhance shareholder and investor profits, reduce corporate taxes, and reduce liability risk. There is a need for greater transparency in ownership and financial reporting and for more government oversight of the largest for-profit chains, including those owned by private equity companies.

  16. The Impact of "Gertz": How the States Have Defined the Standard of Liability for the Private Libel Plaintiff.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stonecipher, Harry W.; Trager, Robert

    In the landmark "Gertz" decision, the United States Supreme Court held that, in the interest of protecting libel plaintiffs, the states under certain conditions could define for themselves the appropriate standard of liability for a publisher or broadcaster of defamatory falsehoods. This paper explores several applications of the…

  17. The Computer and Personal Privacy, Part III: The Regulation of Computer Records in the United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rubin, Michael Rogers

    1989-01-01

    Examines the major federal and state laws that govern the privacy aspects of the use of computer databases in three areas: private institutions, state and local governments, and the federal government. The ability of existing privacy laws to prevent abusive information collection, dissemination, and management practices is evaluated. (four…

  18. Black belt landowners respond to State-sponsored wildland fire mitigation policies and programs

    Treesearch

    Cassandra Johnson; Jianbang Gan; Adam Jarrett; Miriam S. Wyman; Sparkle Malone; Keenan J. Adams; J.M. Bowker; Taylor V. Stein

    2011-01-01

    This investigation focused on nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in selected counties across five States in the Southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina). These counties are located in the Southern Black Belt region, which has higher than average percentages of African-American residents and higher poverty rates...

  19. The Private Market for Long-Term Care Insurance in the U.S.: A Review of the Evidence

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Jeffrey R.; Finkelstein, Amy

    2009-01-01

    This paper reviews the growing literature on the market for private long-term care insurance, a market notable for its small size despite the fact that long-term care expenses are potentially large and highly uncertain. After summarizing long-term care utilization and insurance coverage in the United States, the paper reviews research on the supply of and the demand for private long-term care insurance. It concludes that demand-side factors impose important limits on the size of the private market and that we currently have a limited understanding of how public policies could be designed to encourage the growth of this market. PMID:20046809

  20. Analyzing Four-Year Public University and Two-Year College Graduation Rates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ober, David R.; Beekman, John A.; Pierce, Rebecca L.

    2018-01-01

    This paper examines the graduation rates between 2000 and 2015 of United States colleges and universities at the national, state, and institutional levels. This research focuses on two-year and four-year programs. Rates are investigated longitudinally along with variables that distinguish between public/private institutions, percentages of…

  1. 22 CFR 62.25 - Secondary school students.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Secondary school students. 62.25 Section 62.25 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND EXCHANGES EXCHANGE VISITOR PROGRAM Specific... afforded the opportunity for up to one year of study in a United States accredited public or private...

  2. The Community Relations Service: Public Sector Mediation and Conciliation of Racial Disputes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pompa, Gilbert R.

    1981-01-01

    The Community Relations Service of the United States Department of Justice assists in the voluntary settlement of race-related disputes. The service is provided for prison administrators, private agencies, community groups, law enforcement agencies, school officials and parents organizations, business and industry leaders, and federal, state, and…

  3. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  4. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  5. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  6. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  7. Home Schooling: The Facts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Menendez, Albert J.

    Home schooling, practiced as an alternative to both public and private schooling, is on the increase. This booklet provides an overview of the home schooling movement's statistical and demographic background. It also describes the legal context in states across the United States; the advocacy groups that are involved; the reasons why parents home…

  8. Are 11 Weeks Weak? A Conversation with Instructors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sarkaria, Gagan; Schuster, Toni M.

    2008-01-01

    Undergraduate programs in the United States range from locally funded, two-year community colleges, to state and federally funded universities, as well as private, tuition-based institutions. Assumingly most programs attempt to facilitate a relevant and balanced curriculum that prepares students for the general and perhaps specific obstacles that…

  9. 38 CFR 61.33 - Payment of per diem.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... United States, from departments of State and local governments, from private entities or organizations...) VA HOMELESS PROVIDERS GRANT AND PER DIEM PROGRAM § 61.33 Payment of per diem. (a) A capital grant... non-grant recipient for those homeless veterans— (1) Who VA referred to the grant recipient or non...

  10. 33 CFR 62.54 - Ownership identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 62.54 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AIDS TO NAVIGATION UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.54 Ownership identification. Ownership identification on private or state aids to navigation is permitted so long as it does...

  11. The Economic Cost of Substance Abuse Treatment in the State of Florida

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexandre, Pierre K.; Beulaygue, Isabelle C.; French, Michael T.; McCollister, Kathryn E.; Popovici, Ioana; Sayed, Bisma A.

    2012-01-01

    Objective: Public and private stakeholders of substance abuse treatment services require economic cost data to guide program evaluations and funding decisions. Background: Rigorous cost assessments have been conducted for several treatment programs across the United States, but a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of programs in a particular…

  12. 75 FR 7571 - Board of Visitors, United States Military Academy (USMA)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-22

    .... Purpose of the Meeting: This is the 2010 Organizational Meeting of the USMA Board of Visitors (BoV... Excellence, Energy Costs and Initiatives, Wastewater Privatization, A- 76 Commercial Activities, and...

  13. 49 CFR 9.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... litigants; (4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for private purposes; and (5) To... exception may be granted only when the deviation will not interfere with matters of operational or military...

  14. 49 CFR 9.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... litigants; (4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for private purposes; and (5) To... exception may be granted only when the deviation will not interfere with matters of operational or military...

  15. 49 CFR 9.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... litigants; (4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for private purposes; and (5) To... exception may be granted only when the deviation will not interfere with matters of operational or military...

  16. 49 CFR 9.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... litigants; (4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for private purposes; and (5) To... exception may be granted only when the deviation will not interfere with matters of operational or military...

  17. 49 CFR 9.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... litigants; (4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for private purposes; and (5) To... exception may be granted only when the deviation will not interfere with matters of operational or military...

  18. Market analysis of the commercial traffic information business

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1994-03-01

    This document examines the private sector traffic information marketplace in the United States--its beginnings, history, economics, business operations, functions, products, and possible future directions--particularly as it relates to the individual...

  19. Fire Ant Bites

    MedlinePlus

    ... Favorite Name: Category: Share: Yes No, Keep Private Fire Ant Bites Share | Fire ants are aggressive, venomous insects that have pinching ... across the United States, even into Puerto Rico. Fire ant stings usually occur on the feet or ...

  20. DataView: National Health Expenditures, 1994

    PubMed Central

    Levit, Katharine R.; Lazenby, Helen C.; Sivarajan, Lekha; Stewart, Madie W.; Braden, Bradley R.; Cowan, Cathy A.; Donham, Carolyn S.; Long, Anna M.; McDonnell, Patricia A.; Sensenig, Arthur L.; Stiller, Jean M.; Won, Darleen K.

    1996-01-01

    This article presents data on health care spending for the United States, covering expenditures for various types of medical services and products and their sources of funding from 1960 to 1994. Although these statistics for 1994 show the slowest growth in more than three decades, health spending continued to grow faster than the overall economy. The Federal Government continued to fund an increasing share of health care expenditures in 1994, offset by a falling share from out-of-pocket sources. Shares paid by State and local governments and by other private payers including private health insurance remained unchanged from 1993. PMID:10158731

  1. From Public to Private Care The Historical Trajectory of Medical Services in a New York City Jail

    PubMed Central

    2009-01-01

    Over the past 25 years, incarceration rates in the United States have more than tripled. Providing health care services for this growing number of inmates poses immense medical and public health challenges. Focusing on the administrative and financial shifts in health care delivery, I examined the history of medical services in one of the nation's largest correctional facilities, Rikers Island in New York City. Over time, medical services at Rikers have become increasingly privatized. This trend toward privatization is mirrored nationwide and coincides with the rising prevalence of incarceration. PMID:19372534

  2. From public to private care the historical trajectory of medical services in a New York city jail.

    PubMed

    Shalev, Noga

    2009-06-01

    Over the past 25 years, incarceration rates in the United States have more than tripled. Providing health care services for this growing number of inmates poses immense medical and public health challenges. Focusing on the administrative and financial shifts in health care delivery, I examined the history of medical services in one of the nation's largest correctional facilities, Rikers Island in New York City. Over time, medical services at Rikers have become increasingly privatized. This trend toward privatization is mirrored nationwide and coincides with the rising prevalence of incarceration.

  3. Multinational corporations and health care in the United States and Latin America: strategies, actions, and effects.

    PubMed

    Jasso-Aguilar, Rebeca; Waitzkin, Howard; Landwehr, Angela

    2004-01-01

    In this article we analyze the corporate dominance of health care in the United States and the dynamics that have motivated the international expansion of multinational health care corporations, especially to Latin America. We identify the strategies, actions, and effects of multinational corporations in health care delivery and public health policies. Our methods have included systematic bibliographical research and in-depth interviews in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. Influenced by public policy makers in the United States, such organizations as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization have advocated policies that encourage reduction and privatization of health care and public health services previously provided in the public sector. Multinational managed care organizations have entered managed care markets in several Latin American countries at the same time as they were withdrawing from managed care activities in Medicaid and Medicare within the United States. Corporate strategies have culminated in a marked expansion of corporations' access to social security and related public sector funds for the support of privatized health services. International financial institutions and multinational corporations have influenced reforms that, while favorable to corporate interests, have worsened access to needed services and have strained the remaining public sector institutions. A theoretical approach to these problems emphasizes the falling rate of profit as an economic motivation of corporate actions, silent reform, and the subordination of polity to economy. Praxis to address these problems involves opposition to policies that enhance corporate interests while reducing public sector services, as well as alternative models that emphasize a strengthened public sector

  4. Multinational Corporations and Health Care in the United States and Latin America: Strategies, Actions, and Effects*

    PubMed Central

    JASSO-AGUILAR, REBECA; WAITZKIN, HOWARD; LANDWEHR, ANGELA

    2010-01-01

    In this article we analyze the corporate dominance of health care in the United States and the dynamics that have motivated the international expansion of multinational health care corporations, especially to Latin America. We identify the strategies, actions, and effects of multinational corporations in health care delivery and public health policies. Our methods have included systematic bibliographical research and in-depth interviews in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. Influenced by public policy makers in the United States, such organizations as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization have advocated policies that encourage reduction and privatization of health care and public health services previously provided in the public sector. Multinational managed care organizations have entered managed care markets in several Latin American countries at the same time as they were withdrawing from managed care activities in Medicaid and Medicare within the United States. Corporate strategies have culminated in a marked expansion of corporations’ access to social security and related public sector funds for the support of privatized health services. International financial institutions and multinational corporations have influenced reforms that, while favorable to corporate interests, have worsened access to needed services and have strained the remaining public sector institutions. A theoretical approach to these problems emphasizes the falling rate of profit as an economic motivation of corporate actions, silent reform, and the subordination of polity to economy. Praxis to address these problems involves opposition to policies that enhance corporate interests while reducing public sector services, as well as alternative models that emphasize a strengthened public sector. PMID:15779471

  5. Faith Schools and State Education: Church-State Relations and the Development of the 5-14 Religious Education Program in Scotland

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coll, Roisin; Davis, Robert A.

    2007-01-01

    Public policy questions such as public funding for Catholic schools, the extent of government involvement in private education, and church-state relations in general are not unique to the United States. This article discusses Catholic education in Scotland, with a view to explaining the ongoing need for cooperation and goodwill in church-state…

  6. Private forests, housing growth, and America’s water supply: A report from the Forests on the Edge and Forests to Faucets Projects

    Treesearch

    M. H. Mockrin; R. L. Lilja; E. Weidner; S. M. Stein; M. A. Carr

    2014-01-01

    America’s private forests provide a vast array of public goods and services, including abundant, clean surface water. Forest loss and development can affect water quality and quantity when forests are removed and impervious surfaces, such as paved roads, spread across the landscape. We rank watersheds across the conterminous United States according to the contributions...

  7. Assessing Technical Inefficiency in Private, Not-For-Profit, Bachelor's and Master's Universities in the United States Using Stochastic Frontier Estimation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Refenes, James L.

    2017-01-01

    This research explored the technical inefficiency of 813 private, not-for-profit, four-year, bachelor's and master's colleges and universities in the U.S. using data from 2006 to 2011. The goal of the study was to describe and explain the level of technical inefficiency in this group of institutions that can be identified using a (SFE) method and…

  8. Comparison of Federal and Private Sector Pay and Benefits. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Civil Service, Post Office, and General Services Committee on Government Affairs, United States Senate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

    A study compared the compensation packages offered to private sector and Federal white-collar employees. The conclusions drawn in the study were based on data from previous and ongoing research conducted by the General Accounting Office (GAO). Analysis of these data revealed that whereas the Employment Cost Index has shown a cumulative increase of…

  9. Characteristics of Schools, Districts, Teachers, Principals, and School Libraries in the United States: 2003-04 Schools and Staffing Survey. E.D. TAB. NCES 2006-313 Revised

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strizek, Gregory A.; Pittsonberger, Jayme L.; Riordan, Kate E.; Lyter, Deanna M.; Orlofsky, Greg F.; Gruber, Kerry

    2006-01-01

    This report is intended to give the reader an overview of the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) data for the school year 2003-04 through tables of estimates for public, private, and BIA-funded schools and their staff. The tables contain estimates from schools, teachers, principals, districts, and school library media centers for public, private,…

  10. Athletic Trainer Services in US Private Secondary Schools.

    PubMed

    Pike, Alicia; Pryor, Riana R; Mazerolle, Stephanie M; Stearns, Rebecca L; Casa, Douglas J

    2016-09-01

    Availability of athletic trainer (AT) services in US secondary schools has recently been reported to be as high as 70%, but this only describes the public sector. The extent of AT coverage in private secondary school settings has yet to be investigated and may differ from the public secondary school setting for several reasons, including differences in funding sources. To determine the level of AT services in US private secondary schools and identify the reasons why some schools did not employ ATs. Concurrent mixed-methods study. Private secondary schools in the United States. Of 5414 private secondary schools, 2044 (38%) responded to the survey. School administrators responded to the survey via telephone or e-mail. This instrument was previously used in a study examining AT services among public secondary schools. Descriptive statistics provided national data. Open-ended questions were evaluated through content analysis. Of the 2044 schools that responded, 58% (1176/2044) offered AT services, including 28% (574/2040) full time, 25% (501/2042) part time, 4% (78/1918) per diem, and 20% (409/2042) from a hospital or clinic. A total of 84% (281 285/336 165) of athletes had access to AT services. Larger private secondary schools were more likely to have AT services available. Barriers to providing AT services in the private sector were budgetary constraints, school size and sports, and lack of awareness of the role of an AT. More than half of the surveyed private secondary schools in the United States had AT services available; however, only 28% had a full-time AT. This demonstrates the need for increased medical coverage to provide athletes in this setting the appropriate level of care. Budgetary concerns, size of the school and sport offerings, and lack of awareness of the role of the AT continued to be barriers in the secondary school setting.

  11. Athletic Trainer Services in US Private Secondary Schools

    PubMed Central

    Pike, Alicia; Pryor, Riana R.; Mazerolle, Stephanie M.; Stearns, Rebecca L.; Casa, Douglas J.

    2016-01-01

    Context: Availability of athletic trainer (AT) services in US secondary schools has recently been reported to be as high as 70%, but this only describes the public sector. The extent of AT coverage in private secondary school settings has yet to be investigated and may differ from the public secondary school setting for several reasons, including differences in funding sources. Objective: To determine the level of AT services in US private secondary schools and identify the reasons why some schools did not employ ATs. Design: Concurrent mixed-methods study. Setting: Private secondary schools in the United States. Patients or Other Participants: Of 5414 private secondary schools, 2044 (38%) responded to the survey. Main Outcome Measure(s): School administrators responded to the survey via telephone or e-mail. This instrument was previously used in a study examining AT services among public secondary schools. Descriptive statistics provided national data. Open-ended questions were evaluated through content analysis. Results: Of the 2044 schools that responded, 58% (1176/2044) offered AT services, including 28% (574/2040) full time, 25% (501/2042) part time, 4% (78/1918) per diem, and 20% (409/2042) from a hospital or clinic. A total of 84% (281 285/336 165) of athletes had access to AT services. Larger private secondary schools were more likely to have AT services available. Barriers to providing AT services in the private sector were budgetary constraints, school size and sports, and lack of awareness of the role of an AT. Conclusions: More than half of the surveyed private secondary schools in the United States had AT services available; however, only 28% had a full-time AT. This demonstrates the need for increased medical coverage to provide athletes in this setting the appropriate level of care. Budgetary concerns, size of the school and sport offerings, and lack of awareness of the role of the AT continued to be barriers in the secondary school setting. PMID:27749083

  12. 31 CFR 900.8 - No private rights created.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS (DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY-DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE) SCOPE OF STANDARDS § 900.8..., substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies...

  13. 31 CFR 900.8 - No private rights created.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS (DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY-DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE) SCOPE OF STANDARDS § 900.8..., substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies...

  14. 31 CFR 900.8 - No private rights created.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS (DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY-DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE) SCOPE OF STANDARDS § 900.8..., substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies...

  15. 31 CFR 900.8 - No private rights created.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS (DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY-DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE) SCOPE OF STANDARDS § 900.8..., substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies...

  16. 31 CFR 900.8 - No private rights created.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS (DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY-DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE) SCOPE OF STANDARDS § 900.8..., substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies...

  17. 14 CFR 401.3 - The Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... space transportation by the United States private sector. [Doc. No. FAA-2006-24197, 72 FR 17016, Apr. 6... AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL ORGANIZATION AND DEFINITIONS § 401.3 The...

  18. Harnessing Private-Sector Innovation to Improve Health Insurance Exchanges

    PubMed Central

    Gresenz, Carole Roan; Hoch, Emily; Eibner, Christine; Rudin, Robert S.; Mattke, Soeren

    2016-01-01

    Abstract Overhauling the individual health insurance market—including through the creation of health insurance exchanges—was a key component of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's multidimensional approach to addressing the long-standing problem of the uninsured in the United States. Despite succeeding in enrolling millions of Americans, the exchanges still face several challenges, including poor consumer experience, high operational and development costs, and incomplete market penetration. In light of these challenges, analysts considered a different model for the exchanges—privately facilitated exchanges—which could address these challenges and deepen the Affordable Care Act's impact. In this model, the government retains control over sovereign exchange functions but allows the private sector to assume responsibility for more-peripheral exchange functions, such as developing and sustaining exchange websites. Although private-sector entities have already undertaken exchange-related functions on a limited basis, privately facilitated exchanges could conceivably relieve the government of its responsibility for front-end website operations and consumer decision-support functions entirely. A shift to privately facilitated exchanges could improve the consumer experience, increase enrollment, and lower costs for state and federal governments. A move to such a model requires, nonetheless, managing its risks, such as reduced consumer protection, increased consumer confusion, and the possible lack of a viable revenue base for privately facilitated exchanges, especially in less populous states. On net, the benefits are large enough and the risks sufficiently manageable to seriously consider such a shift. This paper provides background information and more detail on the analysts' assessment. PMID:28083414

  19. Harnessing Private-Sector Innovation to Improve Health Insurance Exchanges.

    PubMed

    Gresenz, Carole Roan; Hoch, Emily; Eibner, Christine; Rudin, Robert S; Mattke, Soeren

    2016-05-09

    Overhauling the individual health insurance market-including through the creation of health insurance exchanges-was a key component of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's multidimensional approach to addressing the long-standing problem of the uninsured in the United States. Despite succeeding in enrolling millions of Americans, the exchanges still face several challenges, including poor consumer experience, high operational and development costs, and incomplete market penetration. In light of these challenges, analysts considered a different model for the exchanges-privately facilitated exchanges-which could address these challenges and deepen the Affordable Care Act's impact. In this model, the government retains control over sovereign exchange functions but allows the private sector to assume responsibility for more-peripheral exchange functions, such as developing and sustaining exchange websites. Although private-sector entities have already undertaken exchange-related functions on a limited basis, privately facilitated exchanges could conceivably relieve the government of its responsibility for front-end website operations and consumer decision-support functions entirely. A shift to privately facilitated exchanges could improve the consumer experience, increase enrollment, and lower costs for state and federal governments. A move to such a model requires, nonetheless, managing its risks, such as reduced consumer protection, increased consumer confusion, and the possible lack of a viable revenue base for privately facilitated exchanges, especially in less populous states. On net, the benefits are large enough and the risks sufficiently manageable to seriously consider such a shift. This paper provides background information and more detail on the analysts' assessment.

  20. Health economics in the United States: cost implications.

    PubMed

    Whitelaw, G N

    1993-01-01

    World health care costs are increasing uncontrollably and will continue to grow even if draconian controls are implemented immediately. In the United States, the health care objectives are to control the escalating costs of health care and increase access to quality care. To achieve these goals, new administrative controls will be put in place to respond to the cost pressures. New policies to accommodate these new controls will be made by the state and federal governments and by various private third parties. The policies will contain incentives and disincentives for private and institutional providers and beneficiaries. As a result, providers are responding with various cost-control techniques and payors are attempting to reduce costs. In addition, new decision makers in hospitals, insurance companies, and government will be evaluating new technologies by new standards. In order to gain or maintain significant market penetration for a product, drug and device manufacturers will have to develop a multifaceted strategy to present their products in the most favorable economic light.

  1. eHealth Search Patterns: A Comparison of Private and Public Health Care Markets Using Online Panel Data.

    PubMed

    Schneider, Janina Anne; Holland, Christopher Patrick

    2017-04-13

    Patient and consumer access to eHealth information is of crucial importance because of its role in patient-centered medicine and to improve knowledge about general aspects of health and medical topics. The objectives were to analyze and compare eHealth search patterns in a private (United States) and a public (United Kingdom) health care market. A new taxonomy of eHealth websites is proposed to organize the largest eHealth websites. An online measurement framework is developed that provides a precise and detailed measurement system. Online panel data are used to accurately track and analyze detailed search behavior across 100 of the largest eHealth websites in the US and UK health care markets. The health, medical, and lifestyle categories account for approximately 90% of online activity, and e-pharmacies, social media, and professional categories account for the remaining 10% of online activity. Overall search penetration of eHealth websites is significantly higher in the private (United States) than the public market (United Kingdom). Almost twice the number of eHealth users in the private market have adopted online search in the health and lifestyle categories and also spend more time per website than those in the public market. The use of medical websites for specific conditions is almost identical in both markets. The allocation of search effort across categories is similar in both the markets. For all categories, the vast majority of eHealth users only access one website within each category. Those that conduct a search of two or more websites display very narrow search patterns. All users spend relatively little time on eHealth, that is, 3-7 minutes per website. The proposed online measurement framework exploits online panel data to provide a powerful and objective method of analyzing and exploring eHealth behavior. The private health care system does appear to have an influence on eHealth search behavior in terms of search penetration and time spent per website in the health and lifestyle categories. Two explanations are offered: (1) the personal incentive of medical costs in the private market incentivizes users to conduct online search; and (2) health care information is more easily accessible through health care professionals in the United Kingdom compared with the United States. However, the use of medical websites is almost identical, suggesting that patients interested in a specific condition have a motivation to search and evaluate health information, irrespective of the health care market. The relatively low level of search in terms of the number of websites accessed and the average time per website raise important questions about the actual level of patient informedness in both the markets. Areas for future research are outlined. ©Janina Anne Schneider, Christopher Patrick Holland. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.04.2017.

  2. A Virtual "Veibershul": Blogging and the Blurring of Public and Private among Orthodox Jewish Women

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lieber, Andrea

    2010-01-01

    A series of articles appearing in English-language Jewish newspapers in the United States and the United Kingdom have recently announced the "blogosphere"--the world of discourse propelled by the technological innovation of online interactive diaries known as "weblogs"--as a new liberating arena for Orthodox Jewish women. In…

  3. Directory of Asian Studies in Secondary Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Suleski, Ronald, Ed.

    This listing of schools that offer curriculum units dealing with Asia was compiled for the purpose of advancing the teaching of Asian Studies in schools throughout the United States, particularly at the secondary level. A total of 691 entries are included, the majority of which are from public or private junior or senior high schools within the…

  4. The impact of CHIP premium increases on insurance outcomes among CHIP eligible children

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background Within the United States, public insurance premiums are used both to discourage private health policy holders from dropping coverage and to reduce state budget costs. Prior research suggests that the odds of having private coverage and being uninsured increase with increases in public insurance premiums. The aim of this paper is to test effects of Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) premium increases on public insurance, private insurance, and uninsurance rates. Methods The fact that families just below and above a state-specific income cut-off are likely very similar in terms of observable and unobservable characteristics except the premium contribution provides a natural experiment for estimating the effect of premium increases. Using 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) merged with CHIP premiums, we compare health insurance outcomes for CHIP eligible children as of January 2003 in states with a two-tier premium structure using a cross-sectional regression discontinuity methodology. We use difference-in-differences analysis to compare longitudinal insurance outcomes by December 2003. Results Higher CHIP premiums are associated with higher likelihood of private insurance. Disenrollment from CHIP in response to premium increases over time does not increase the uninsurance rate. Conclusions When faced with higher CHIP premiums, private health insurance may be a preferable alternative for CHIP eligible families with higher incomes. Therefore, competition in the insurance exchanges being formed under the Affordable Care Act could enhance choice. PMID:24589197

  5. The impact of CHIP premium increases on insurance outcomes among CHIP eligible children.

    PubMed

    Nikolova, Silviya; Stearns, Sally

    2014-03-03

    Within the United States, public insurance premiums are used both to discourage private health policy holders from dropping coverage and to reduce state budget costs. Prior research suggests that the odds of having private coverage and being uninsured increase with increases in public insurance premiums. The aim of this paper is to test effects of Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) premium increases on public insurance, private insurance, and uninsurance rates. The fact that families just below and above a state-specific income cut-off are likely very similar in terms of observable and unobservable characteristics except the premium contribution provides a natural experiment for estimating the effect of premium increases. Using 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) merged with CHIP premiums, we compare health insurance outcomes for CHIP eligible children as of January 2003 in states with a two-tier premium structure using a cross-sectional regression discontinuity methodology. We use difference-in-differences analysis to compare longitudinal insurance outcomes by December 2003. Higher CHIP premiums are associated with higher likelihood of private insurance. Disenrollment from CHIP in response to premium increases over time does not increase the uninsurance rate. When faced with higher CHIP premiums, private health insurance may be a preferable alternative for CHIP eligible families with higher incomes. Therefore, competition in the insurance exchanges being formed under the Affordable Care Act could enhance choice.

  6. Cross-Cultural Experience in Preservice Teacher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sahin, Mehmet

    2008-01-01

    The study investigated the effect of international student teaching experience on the professional and personal development of preservice teachers. Within the framework of their internship program, 26 graduate students in a private university in Turkey had a two-month internship in a mid western state in the United States, the main component of…

  7. Hydrologic processes of forested headwater watersheds across a physiographaic gradient in the southeastern United States

    Treesearch

    Ge Sun; Johnny Boggs; Steven G. McNulty; Devendra M. Amatya; Carl C. Trettin; Zhaohua Dai; James M. Vose; Ileana B. La Torre Torres; Timothy Callahan

    2008-01-01

    Understanding the hydrologic processes is the first step in making sound watershed management decisions including designing Best Management Practices for nonpoint source pollution control. Over the past fifty years, various forest experimental watersheds have been instrumented across the Carolinas through collaborative studies among federal, state, and private...

  8. 24 CFR 970.13 - Environmental review requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... indicate that the future site reuse can reasonably be considered to be known include the following: (1) Private, Federal, state, or local funding for the site reuse has been committed; (2) A grant application involving the site has been filed with the Federal government or a state or local unit of government; (3...

  9. The Year in Forestry Fiscal Year 2006

    Treesearch

    Northeastern Area

    2006-01-01

    The Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry is a major unit of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Northeastern Area works in partnership with State forestry agencies and others to promote the wise management, protection, and sustainable use of urban and rural forest resources, primarily on non-Federal lands. Most often, specialists provide...

  10. Mapping the future: U.S. exposure to multiple landscape stressors

    Treesearch

    Marie Oliver; Becky Kerns; John Kim; Jeff Kline

    2017-01-01

    Landscape exposure to multiple stressors can pose risks to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Attempts to study, control, or mitigate these stressors can strain public and private budgets. An interdisciplinary team of Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University scientists created maps of the conterminous United States that indicate...

  11. 43 CFR 19.7 - Private contributions and gifts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... section 6(b), may accept on behalf of the United States any sums of money, marketable securities or other... Secretary of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240, stating the amount of money or describing the securities or... set forth that the offeror is the owner of the property free and clear of all encumbrances and adverse...

  12. 43 CFR 19.7 - Private contributions and gifts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... section 6(b), may accept on behalf of the United States any sums of money, marketable securities or other... Secretary of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240, stating the amount of money or describing the securities or... set forth that the offeror is the owner of the property free and clear of all encumbrances and adverse...

  13. 43 CFR 19.7 - Private contributions and gifts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... section 6(b), may accept on behalf of the United States any sums of money, marketable securities or other... Secretary of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240, stating the amount of money or describing the securities or... set forth that the offeror is the owner of the property free and clear of all encumbrances and adverse...

  14. 43 CFR 19.7 - Private contributions and gifts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... section 6(b), may accept on behalf of the United States any sums of money, marketable securities or other... Secretary of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240, stating the amount of money or describing the securities or... set forth that the offeror is the owner of the property free and clear of all encumbrances and adverse...

  15. 43 CFR 19.7 - Private contributions and gifts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... section 6(b), may accept on behalf of the United States any sums of money, marketable securities or other... Secretary of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240, stating the amount of money or describing the securities or... set forth that the offeror is the owner of the property free and clear of all encumbrances and adverse...

  16. Joint Force Quarterly. Issue 54, 3rd Quarter 2009

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-01

    executed, state capacity remains low, and the private sector suffers from a lack of security and weak national and provincial gover - nance. The rule of law... tourism industry reported that in 2008, 22.6 million foreign visitors, the majority from the United States, spent $13.3 billion, an increase of 3.4

  17. A Hierarchical Model and Analysis of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Timber as a Bridge

    Treesearch

    Robert L. Smith; Robert J. Bush; Daniel L. Schmoldt

    1995-01-01

    The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to characterize the bridge material selection decisions of highway engineers and local highway officials across the United States. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and local highway officials were personally interviewed in Mississippi, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin to identify...

  18. Understanding Customer Product Choices: A Case Study Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

    Treesearch

    Robert L. Smith; Robert J. Bush; Daniel L. Schmoldt

    1996-01-01

    The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to characterize the bridge material selection decisions of highway officials across the United States. Understanding product choices by utilizing the AHP allowed us to develop strategies for increasing the use of timber in bridge construction. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and...

  19. The Law and Catholic Schools: Approaching the New Millennium.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shaughnessy, Mary Angela

    The laws affecting education in the United States today can generally be classified according to four categories: (1) Constitutional law (both state and federal); (2) statutes and regulations; (3) common law principles; and (4) contract law. Students and teachers in private schools are not protected by federal Constitutional law because they are…

  20. 22 CFR 71.5 - Storage or safekeeping of private property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....5 Section 71.5 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF AMERICANS, THEIR PROPERTY AND ESTATES PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF CITIZENS AND THEIR PROPERTY General Activities § 71.5... request, at his own risk, and with full knowledge that neither the Government of the United States nor any...

  1. THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL CHANGE, THE UNITED STATES.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    GUBA, EGON G.; AND OTHERS

    FIVE MAJOR TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ARE IDENTIFIED BY S.D. SIEBER--(1) UNIVERSITY BASED, (2) REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES, (3) STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION, (4) LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS, AND (5) PRIVATE TESTING AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. FOUR PROBLEM AREAS RELATED TO EACH SETTING ARE DEALT WITH BY N.L.…

  2. Career Pathways for a Productive and Self-Reliant Workforce: A To-Do List for Adult Educators

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jurmo, Paul

    2011-01-01

    The adult basic education field in the United States is now being encouraged to shift to a "career pathways" orientation by policy research organizations, federal and state agencies, community college organizations, business groups, and private foundations. In such an approach, adult basic education programs work with workforce…

  3. Realization of the international human right to health in an economically integrated North America.

    PubMed

    Kinney, Eleanor D

    2009-01-01

    With the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the health care sectors of the United States, Canada, and Mexico are becoming more economically integrated. NAFTA poses major challenges to the realization of the international human right. These include: (1) Cross Border Trade in Medical Products, (2) Cross Border Trade in Medical Services, and the attendant investment protections, (3) Portability and Comparability of Health Insurance Coverage, and (4) Protection of Public Health Insurance Programs. The United States, Mexico, and Canada all provide public health insurance programs either to the entire population as in Canada or to vulnerable groups as in the United States. In none of these countries have private, for-profit providers and insurers been able to provide universal and affordable health coverage and care in a truly free market. Private insurers and for-profit providers should not profit from the care of the healthy and wealthy in ways that compromise the public programs that serve the poor and seriously ill. Nor should they be allowed to use NAFTA processes to compromise public programs. Policy makers must consider implications of NAFTA and move toward assuring access to affordable health care for all people on the North American continent.

  4. America's Competitive Challenge: The Need for a National Response. A Report to the President of the United States from the Business-Higher Education Forum. [and] The Report in Brief. [and Related News Releases

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Business-Higher Education Forum, Washington, DC.

    Public and private initiatives designed to enhance U.S. competitiveness were suggested to the President of the United States by the Business-Higher Education Forum, based on a 1-year research and study effort. The Forum's findings include: the U.S. economy is lagging behind its own past performance and the gains of other nations; economic vitality…

  5. Recognizing the importance of the property rights granted by the United States Constitution; affirming the duty of each Member of this body to support and defend such rights; and asserting that no public body should unlawfully obtain the property of any citizen of the United States for the benefit of another private citizen or corporation.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Broun, Paul C. [R-GA-10

    2009-09-17

    House - 10/19/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  6. Financiamiento público y privado para la investigación forestal en el sur de Estados Unidos durante el período 1920-2000

    Treesearch

    John A. Stanturf; Robert Kellison; F.S. Broerman; Stephen Jones; Alan Lucier

    2002-01-01

    Public and Private Funding of Forestry Research in the Southern United States, 1929-2999. Forest management in the southern United States intensified over the last 80 years and the pine forests of the Coastal Plain can be regarded as in the early stage of crop domestication. In 1997, 57 % of the softwood and 52 % of the hardwood timber produced in the country came from...

  7. Evolution of United States Army Deployment Operations: The Santiago Campaign

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-09-03

    direction that suits them, looking for the nearest place where they may cook their pork and beans.ൺ Private Charles Post of the Seventy-First New York... Dirty Little War: The Spanish-American War of 1898 (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000), 94. 82 Trask, War with Spain, 182. 23 oppressive heat...United States Army (London: Smith, Elder, 1899), 51. 84 Rosenfeld, Diary of a Dirty Little War, 85. 85 FM 3-35, 4-10. 86 Huston, Sinews of War

  8. OMB A-76: Full Costing and Its Impact at Installation Level within the U.S. Army.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-09-01

    United States Army B.S., United States Military Academy, 1972 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of -- MASTER OF SCIENCE...65 F. PRIVATE INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS ----- 67 G. FULL COSTING AND THE OMB CCH OVERHEAD POOLS --- 69 H. OMB A-76 ELEMENTS OF COST...analysis prepared in accordance with OMB A-76 and the supplementing Cost Comparison Handbook (OMB CCH ) prior to in-house performance of a CITA function

  9. Assessing Transboundary Wildfire Exposure in the Southwestern United States.

    PubMed

    Ager, Alan A; Palaiologou, Palaiologos; R Evers, Cody; Day, Michelle A; G Barros, Ana M

    2018-04-25

    We assessed transboundary wildfire exposure among federal, state, and private lands and 447 communities in the state of Arizona, southwestern United States. The study quantified the relative magnitude of transboundary (incoming, outgoing) versus nontransboundary (i.e., self-burning) wildfire exposure based on land tenure or community of the simulated ignition and the resulting fire perimeter. We developed and described several new metrics to quantify and map transboundary exposure. We found that incoming transboundary fire accounted for 37% of the total area burned on large parcels of federal and state lands, whereas 63% of the area burned was burned by ignitions within the parcel. However, substantial parcel to parcel variation was observed for all land tenures for all metrics. We found that incoming transboundary fire accounted for 66% of the total area burned within communities versus 34% of the area burned by self-burning ignitions. Of the total area burned within communities, private lands contributed the largest proportion (36.7%), followed by national forests (19.5%), and state lands (15.4%). On average seven land tenures contributed wildfire to individual communities. Annual wildfire exposure to structures was highest for wildfires ignited on state and national forest land, followed by tribal, private, and BLM. We mapped community firesheds, that is, the area where ignitions can spawn fires that can burn into communities, and estimated that they covered 7.7 million ha, or 26% of the state of Arizona. Our methods address gaps in existing wildfire risk assessments, and their implementation can help reduce fragmentation in governance systems and inefficiencies in risk planning. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  10. SEWER PIPELINE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Wastewater collection systems are an extensive part of the nation's infrastructure. In the United States, approximately 150 million people are served by about 19,000 municipal wastewater collection systems representing about 500,000 miles of sewer pipe (not including privately o...

  11. Commercial vehicle safety : technology and practice in Europe

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-05-01

    The United States and Europe share common commercial vehicle safety issues, including a debate over access for longer combination vehicles; a shortage of commercial vehicle drivers; the need to integrate emerging public and private information techno...

  12. Gender, sex role ideology, and self-esteem among East Asian immigrants in the United States.

    PubMed

    Barry, Declan T; Bernard, Matthew J; Beitel, Mark

    2006-09-01

    This study examined the relationship between gender, sex role ideology, and self-esteem among 170 (88 male, 82 female) East Asian immigrants in the United States. Participants were administered a battery of psychometrically established measures. Men and women did not differ on personal or collective self-esteem (CSE). Women who endorsed traditional sex roles were significantly more likely to report higher private, identity, and total CSE. Personal self-esteem was a significant independent predictor of traditional sex role for women. Participants who endorsed sex role equality were significantly more likely to report public, membership, and total CSE. Sex role equality was associated with enhanced private CSE for men and attenuated personal self-esteem for women. These findings point to the importance of assessing multiple facets of self-esteem, which appear to be differentially associated with sex role ideology for men and women.

  13. The Effect of Massachusetts' Health Reform on Employer-Sponsored Insurance Premiums.

    PubMed

    Cogan, John F; Hubbard, R Glenn; Kessler, Daniel

    2010-01-01

    In this paper, we use publicly available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to investigate the effect of Massachusetts' health reform plan on employer-sponsored insurance premiums. We tabulate premium growth for private-sector employers in Massachusetts and the United States as a whole for 2004 - 2008. We estimate the effect of the plan as the difference in premium growth between Massachusetts and the United States between 2006 and 2008-that is, before versus after the plan-over and above the difference in premium growth for 2004 to 2006. We find that health reform in Massachusetts increased single-coverage employer-sponsored insurance premiums by about 6 percent, or $262. Although our research design has important limitations, it does suggest that policy makers should be concerned about the consequences of health reform for the cost of private insurance.

  14. Contracting-out in the United Kingdom: a partnership between social security and private pension plans.

    PubMed

    Daykin, Chris

    2002-01-01

    Contracting-out was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1978 as part of the arrangements for the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme (SERPS) in order to avoid duplication with the existing well-developed defined benefit occupational pension plan sector. Members and sponsors of contracted-out schemes were able to save on their social security contributions in recognition of the fact that they were accruing equivalent benefits through an occupational pension plan. Later on this concept was extended to those with individual money purchase pension plans. This article considers a brief history of contracting-out, the principles of contracting-out, some problems associated with contracting-out, the implications of the introduction of stakeholder pensions and State Second Pension, and the latest rebate review and rebate orders. It examines how U.K. pensions policy since 1978 has been based on a partnership between social security and private pension plans.

  15. Do racial disparities in private transfers help explain the racial wealth gap? New evidence from longitudinal data.

    PubMed

    McKernan, Signe-Mary; Ratcliffe, Caroline; Simms, Margaret; Zhang, Sisi

    2014-06-01

    How do private transfers differ by race and ethnicity, and do such differences explain the racial and ethnic disparity in wealth? Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examines private transfers by race and ethnicity in the United States and explores a causal relationship between private transfers and wealth. Panel data and a family-level fixed-effect model are used to control for the endogeneity of private transfers. Private transfers in the form of financial support received and given from extended families and friends, as well as large gifts and inheritances, are examined. We find that African Americans and Hispanics (both immigrant and nonimmigrant) receive less in both types of private transfers than whites. Large gifts and inheritances, but not net financial support received, are related to wealth increases for African American and white families. Overall, we estimate that the African American shortfall in large gifts and inheritances accounts for 12 % of the white-black racial wealth gap.

  16. Development of a transition pathway model using three traditional variables to describe the main structural characteristics of a forest stand type, size, and density

    Treesearch

    Chad Larson

    2006-01-01

    The Central Hardwood Region is a unique forest region in the United States, encompassing 340 million acres of land, of which 100 million acres are forested (Parker 1993). The region contains one-fourth of the U.S. population, with approximately 90 percent of the land in private ownership (Parker 1993). In general, private forested lands in the Central Hardwood Region...

  17. Forests on the Edge: A GIS-based Approach to Projecting Housing Development on Private Forests

    Treesearch

    Ron McRoberts; Mark Nelson; David Theobald; Mike Eley; Mike Dechter

    2006-01-01

    The private working land base of America’s forests, farms, and ranches is being converted at the rate of nearly 1,620 ha (4,000 acres) per day with tremendous economic, ecological, and social impacts. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service is sponsoring the “Forests on the Edge” project to develop a better understanding of the contributions...

  18. Federal Office Space: Comparison of Construction Costs for New Judiciary and Navy Buildings

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-05-30

    09136 United States General Accounting OfficeWashington, D.C. 20548 General Government Division B-243684 May 30 , 1991 The Honorable Howard Metzenbaum...rior and a more austere lobby. Private offices will constitute 70 to 75 percent of the office space in the Judiciary building, compared to 30 percent...Precast concrete Private office percent 70-75 30 Entrance area 5-story atrium 7,500 SF lobby Cafeteria Fully equipped Hookups only Fitness center

  19. The European influence on workers' compensation reform in the United States

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Workers' compensation law in the United States is derived from European models of social insurance introduced in Germany and in England. These two concepts of workers' compensation are found today in the federal and state workers' compensation programs in the United States. All reform proposals in the United States are influenced by the European experience with workers' compensation. In 2006, a reform proposal termed the Public Health Model was made that would abolish the workers' compensation system, and in its place adopt a national disability insurance system for all injuries and illnesses. In the public health model, health and safety professionals would work primarily in public health agencies. The public health model eliminates the physician from any role other than that of privately consulting with the patient and offering advice solely to the patient. The Public Health Model is strongly influenced by the European success with physician consultation with industry and labor. PMID:22151643

  20. Giardiasis in the United States - an epidemiologic and geospatial analysis of county-level drinking water and sanitation data, 1993-2010.

    PubMed

    Schnell, Kerry; Collier, Sarah; Derado, Gordana; Yoder, Jonathan; Gargano, Julia Warner

    2016-04-01

    Giardiasis is the most commonly reported intestinal parasitic infection in the United States. Outbreak investigations have implicated poorly maintained private wells, and hypothesized a role for wastewater systems in giardiasis transmission. Surveillance data consistently show geographic variability in reported giardiasis incidence. We explored county-level associations between giardiasis cases, household water and sanitation (1990 census), and US Census division. Using 368,847 reported giardiasis cases (1993-2010), we mapped county-level giardiasis incidence rates, private well reliance, and septic system reliance, and assessed spatiotemporal clustering of giardiasis. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate county-level associations between giardiasis rates, region, and well and septic reliance, adjusted for demographics. Adjusted giardiasis incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were highest (aIRR 1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.2-1.5) in counties with higher private well reliance. There was no significant association between giardiasis and septic system reliance in adjusted models. Consistent with visual geographic distributions, the aIRR of giardiasis was highest in New England (aIRR 3.3; 95% CI 2.9-3.9; reference West South Central region). Our results suggest that, in the USA, private wells are relevant to giardiasis transmission; giardiasis risk factors might vary regionally; and up-to-date, location-specific national data on water sources and sanitation methods are needed.

  1. ACOG committee opinion number 399, February 2008: umbilical cord blood banking.

    PubMed

    2008-02-01

    Two types of banks have emerged for the collection and storage of umbilical cord blood--public banks and private banks. Public banks promote allogenic (related or unrelated) donation, analogous to the current collection of whole blood units in the United States. Private banks were initially developed to store stem cells from umbilical cord blood for autologous use (taken from an individual for subsequent use by the same individual) by a child if the child develops disease later in life. If a patient requests information on umbilical cord blood banking, balanced and accurate information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of public versus private banking should be provided. The remote chance of an autologous unit of umbilical cord blood being used for a child or a family member (approximately 1 in 2,700 individuals) should be disclosed. The collection should not alter routine practice for the timing of umbilical cord clamping. Physicians or other professionals who recruit pregnant women and their families for for-profit umbilical cord blood banking should disclose any financial interests or other potential conflicts of interest.

  2. Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-26

    are funded in equal parts by Egypt, Israel, and the United States with additional contributions from Germany , Japan, and Switzerland. For more...to a World Bank Doing Business 2008 Report, Egypt’s pace of business reforms and deregulation between 2006 and 2007 ranked first worldwide. In...recent years, the state has reinvigorated its privatization program by divesting shares in the state-dominated banking and insurance sectors

  3. Three worlds of relief: race, immigration, and public and private social welfare spending in American cities, 1929.

    PubMed

    Fox, Cybelle

    2010-09-01

    Using a data set of public and private relief spending for 295 cities, this article examines the racial and ethnic patterning of social welfare provision in the United States in 1929. On the eve of the Depression, cities with more blacks or Mexicans spent the least on social assistance and relied more heavily on private money to fund their programs. Cities with more European immigrants spent the most on relief and relied more heavily on public funding. Distinct political systems, labor market relations, and racial ideologies about each group's proclivity to use relief best explain relief spending differences across cities.

  4. The politics of obesity: seven steps to government action.

    PubMed

    Kersh, Rogan; Morone, James

    2002-01-01

    Concern is rapidly growing about obesity rates in the United States. This paper analyzes the political consequences. Despite myths about individualism and self-reliance, the U.S. government has a long tradition of regulating ostensibly private behavior. We draw on the historical experience in four other private realms (alcohol, illegal drugs, tobacco, and sexuality) to identify seven "triggers" that prompt government to intervene in citizens' private habits. We suggest which of those triggers have been tripped--or are in play--in the case of obesity and food consumption. Finally, we review what government now does in this field and what it might do in the future.

  5. Private sector response to improving oral health care access.

    PubMed

    Robinson, Lindsey A

    2009-07-01

    Despite vast improvements in the oral health status of the United States population over the past 50 years, disparities in oral health status continue, with certain segments of the population carrying a disproportionate disease burden. This article attempts to describe the problem, discuss various frameworks for action, illustrate some solutions developed by the private sector, and present a vision for collaborative action to improve the health of the nation. No one sector of the health care system can resolve the problem. The private sector, the public sector, and the not-for-profit community must collaborate to improve the oral health of the nation.

  6. 76 FR 66940 - Privacy Act of 1974; Department of Homeland Security/United States Secret Service-004 Protection...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-28

    ..., private institutions and persons concerning individuals who, because of their activities, personality traits, criminal or mental history, or history of social deviancy, may be of interest to the USSS in...

  7. Domestic scan tour report : land use and transportation coordination : lessons learned from domestic scan tour

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-03-01

    Designing transportation systems that enhance mobility, economic opportunity, and community livability is a major challenge for many communities across the country. In the United States, political leaders, planning professionals, and private citizens...

  8. U.S. Metric Conversion: Rough Road Ahead

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guillen, Michael A.

    1977-01-01

    A survey of the United States' progress toward metrication indicates that, in spite of early industry and government conversion efforts, there exists significant disorientation, dissension, skepticism, and outright resistance among the influential sectors of government and private industry. (BT)

  9. Health Care Indicators for the United States

    PubMed Central

    Donham, Carolyn S.; Maple, Brenda T.; Levit, Katharine R.

    1992-01-01

    Contained in this regular feature of the journal is a section on each of the following four topics community hospital statistics; employment, hours, and earnings in the private health sector; health care prices; and national economic indicators. PMID:10122005

  10. School Law.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Splitt, David A.

    1987-01-01

    Summarizes a variety of religious issues before United States courts, including two religion-in-the-schools cases in New Jersey and Georgia and two New York cases involving public assistance of private schools. Discusses a wrongful death lawsuit in Connecticut concerning a teenage suicide. (MLH)

  11. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 143 - List of Affected Programs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Grants to land grant and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to... services (Section 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private...

  12. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 218 - List of Types of Federal Financial Assistance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... universities and colleges in the United States to develop their capabilities to assist developing countries in... amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private and voluntary agencies, non-profit organization...

  13. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 143 - List of Affected Programs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Grants to land grant and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to... services (Section 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private...

  14. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 143 - List of Affected Programs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Grants to land grant and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to... services (Section 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private...

  15. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 218 - List of Types of Federal Financial Assistance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... universities and colleges in the United States to develop their capabilities to assist developing countries in... amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private and voluntary agencies, non-profit organization...

  16. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 143 - List of Affected Programs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Grants to land grant and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to... services (Section 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private...

  17. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 218 - List of Types of Federal Financial Assistance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... universities and colleges in the United States to develop their capabilities to assist developing countries in... amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private and voluntary agencies, non-profit organization...

  18. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 218 - List of Types of Federal Financial Assistance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... universities and colleges in the United States to develop their capabilities to assist developing countries in... amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private and voluntary agencies, non-profit organization...

  19. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 143 - List of Affected Programs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... Grants to land grant and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to... services (Section 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private...

  20. 22 CFR Appendix C to Part 218 - List of Types of Federal Financial Assistance

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... universities and colleges in the United States to develop their capabilities to assist developing countries in... amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b)). 3. Grants to private and voluntary agencies, non-profit organization...

  1. ERISA failures and the erosion of workers' rights: the urgent need to protect private & public workers' pension and benefits.

    PubMed

    Allen, James P; Bales, Richard A

    On March 11, 2011, Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin signed into law a bill that eliminated most collective bargaining rights for the state's public-sector workers. Many other cash-strapped states followed Wisconsin's lead and introduced or enacted similar restraints on the rights of their workers. Thousands of public workers, whose only means of protecting their rights rested in their ability to collectively bargain, suddenly found their retirement benefits in jeopardy. This truth highlighted the lack of protections for public worker benefits similar to those of the private sector. However, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, enacted for that purpose, has failed to secure these benefits. This article seeks to provide a broad overview of the crisis facing the pension and benefits system in the United States and offers some possible solutions. More importantly, the goal is to spur discourse on the urgent need to protect the benefits of all workers, public and private.

  2. Surface water supply of the United States, 1941, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    ,

    1943-01-01

    In the execution of the work many State and private organizations have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting !n collecting data. Cooperation of the first kind is acknowledged in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.

  3. Pine growth reductions in the Southeast

    Treesearch

    Raymond M. Sheffield; Noel D. Cost; William A. Bechtold; Joe P. McClure

    1985-01-01

    Periodic timber inventories in the Southeastern United States indicate that net annual growth of softwood timber there has peaked and turned downward after a long upward trend. The most pronounced declines have been measured in the growth of the yellow pines on nonindustrial private forest land, which accounts for about 69 percent of the timberland in this five-state...

  4. Thousand cankers disease -- What have we learned?

    Treesearch

    J.W. Van Sambeek; Sharon Reed

    2013-01-01

    Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) represents a serious threat to black walnut, an important nut and timber tree in the eastern United States. TCD was first described as a lethal disease for most walnut species in 2009. A webinar sponsored by the USDA Forest Service State & Private Forestry and Forest Health Protection, the Walnut Council, and the Purdue University...

  5. Forest statistics of the United States, 1987.

    Treesearch

    Karen L. Waddell; Danlel D. Oswald; Douglas S. Powell

    1989-01-01

    The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974 (88 Stat. 476 as amended) directs the U.S. Department of Agriculture to conduct a comprehensive assessment of all forest and range land resources on both public and private lands. Forest resource data collected from periodic surveys in each State and Forest Service Region were entered into a...

  6. 78 FR 28947 - Fund Availability Under VA's Homeless Providers Grant and Per Diem Program (VANS)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-16

    ... Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or letter from the United Way stating they are a member in good standing... cash and in-kind resources from other public (including Federal and State) and private sources that are... public transportation available to homeless veterans in your project. (b) Project location (e.g., is the...

  7. A Guide to Clinical Services in Speech Pathology and Audiology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rehabilitation Services Administration (DHEW), Washington, DC.

    A listing of speech pathology and audiology services in the United States, the guide includes the names of 910 clinics and of 216 members of the American Speech and Hearing Association who are engaged in full time private practice. Arranged geographically, by state and city, the guide specifies the following for each clinic: official name,…

  8. The Right to Read: Education Briefing Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC. Right to Read Program.

    The Right to Read campaign is a national effort to eliminate illiteracy by 1980 and is funded by federal, state, local, and private contributions. First, it seeks to focus national attention on the fact that close to nineteen million adults and seven million children in the United States are functionally illiterate. Second, Right to Read is trying…

  9. A Hierarchical Analysis of Bridge Decision Makers ... The Role of New Technology Adoption in the Timber Bridge Market: Special Project

    Treesearch

    Robert L. Smith; Robert J. Bush; Daniel L. Schmoldt

    1995-01-01

    Bridge design engineers and local highway officials make bridge replacement decisions across the United States. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to characterize the bridge material selection decision of these individuals. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and local highway officials were personally interviewed in...

  10. Transition from Associate's Degree in Nursing to Bachelor's of Science in Nursing

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Allar, Deborah T.

    2014-01-01

    Areas throughout the United States lack baccalaureate-prepared registered nurses to meet the health care needs of individuals, forcing health care providers to rely on associate degree nurses (ADN). In an effort to increase the numbers of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students, technical colleges and state and private universities have…

  11. Putting science into action on Forest Service Lands [Chapter 5

    Treesearch

    William M. Block; Victoria A. Saab; Leonard Ruggiero

    2012-01-01

    The U.S. Forest Service includes three main branches: National Forest Systems, Research and Development, and State and Private Forestry. Herein, we focus on National Forest Systems and Research and Development. National Forest Systems is the management branch of the agency, and its charge is to administer national forests and grasslands throughout the United States. A...

  12. An Approach to the Evaluation of EPA Training Course Effectiveness with Recommenoations for Improvement of Future Courses and Assessment Techniques.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lehnert, George R.

    The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided a program of training courses in the prevention, reduction, and control of water pollution for personnel of federal, state, and local governmental agencies, private industries, and universities. A triangulation approach was pursued in the instrumentation concept. That is, three…

  13. SEM in Central Asia: A Look at Professional Needs in the Region

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chekmareva, Larissa M.

    2013-01-01

    Private tuition-dependent universities in Central Asia compete for fee-paying students not only within the country and the region, but also internationally--in the CIS, East Asia, Europe, and the United States. In the universities where state financial support is limited or unavailable, steady student enrollment is the key to budget, development,…

  14. Classroom Facilities Planning Aids. March 1964. College and University Physical Facilities Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Higgins, E. Eugene; And Others

    Based on a survey of higher education institutions in the United States, academic classroom data are presented in tabular form. Tables 1 and 3 (for public and private institutions respectively) show state and regional distribution of classroom data by--(1) number of classrooms, (2) total assignable area, (3) classroom size, (4) number of student…

  15. Views from Private Schools: Attitudes about School Choice Programs in Three States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kisida, Brian; Wolf, Patrick J.; Rhinesmith, Evan

    2015-01-01

    As school choice programs expand in the United States, it is crucial to consider how the design of these programs shapes the supply and demand of parents' educational offerings. To better understand the school choice landscape from the viewpoint of current and would-be participants in choice programs, the authors administered an extensive survey…

  16. The Maine Vernal Pool Mapping and Assessment Program: Engaging Municipal Officials and Private Landowners in Community-Based Citizen Science

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jansujwicz, Jessica S.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Lilieholm, Robert J.

    2013-12-01

    The Vernal Pool Mapping and Assessment Program (VPMAP) was initiated in 2007 to create a vernal pool database as a planning tool to foster local compliance with new state vernal pool regulations. In the northeastern United States, vernal pools are seasonal wetlands that provide critical breeding habitat for a number of amphibians and invertebrates and provide important resting and foraging habitat for some rare and endangered state-listed species. Using participant observation, interviews, and focus groups, we examined the engagement of municipal officials and private landowners in VPMAP. Important outcomes of municipal and landowner engagement included mobilization of town support for proactive planning, improved awareness and understanding of vernal pools, and increased interactions between program coordinators, municipal officials, and private landowners. Challenges to municipal and landowner engagement included an inconsistency in expectations between coordinators and municipal officials and a lack of time and sufficient information for follow-up with landowners participating in VPMAP. Our study highlights the importance of developing relationships among coordinators, municipal officials, and private landowners in facilitating positive outcomes for all stakeholders and for effective resource management. We suggest an expanded citizen science model that focuses on improving two-way communication among project coordinators, municipal officials, and local citizens and places communication with private landowners on par with volunteer citizen scientist recruitment and field training. Lessons learned from this research can inform the design and implementation of citizen science projects on private land.

  17. United States Cybersecurity Strategy, Policy, and Organization: Poorly Postured to Cope with a Post-9/11 Security Environment?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-12-14

    maintain order and to deliver minimum essential public services; 3) The private sector to ensure the orderly functioning of the economy and the...the private sector’s capability to ensure the orderly functioning of the economy and delivery of essential services 5 Have a negative effect on the... economy through the cascading disruption of other critical infrastructure and key resources 6 Undermine the public’s morale and confidence in our

  18. Tax-Exempt Status of Private Schools. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Taxation and Debt Management Generally of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, First Session on S.103, S.449, S.990, S.995 (April 27, 1979).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Finance.

    This document presents testimony on S. 103 (a bill to provide that the Internal Revenue Service may not implement certain proposed rules relating to the determination of whether private schools have discriminatory policies), S. 449 (a bill to provide that tax exemption of certain charitable organizations shall not be construed as the provision of…

  19. The Evolving Contingency Contracting Market: Private Sector Self regulation and United States Government Monitoring of Procurement of Stability Operations Services

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    abuse. 62 The success of U.S. foreign policy in complex and high threat environments is dependent upon private contingency contractors for a number...Trafficking: Oversight of Contractors ’ Use of Foreign Workers in High -Risk Environments Needs to Be Strengthened,” November 2014, http://www.gao.gov...Congressional Committees, “GAO-15- 102 Human Trafficking: Oversight of Contractors ’ Use of Foreign Workers in High -Risk Environments Needs to Be

  20. Patient satisfaction in Turkey: differences between public and private hospitals.

    PubMed

    Tengilimoglu, D; Kisa, A; Dziegielewski, S F

    1999-02-01

    This article reports the results of a patient-satisfaction survey administered by interview to 2045 adults discharged from several major public and private hospitals in Turkey. The direct measurement of patient-satisfaction is a new phenomenon for this country. An instrument was designed similar to those available in the United States and administered during exit interviews. Two primary areas of analyses were determined in comparing services provided by these public and private hospitals: demographic factors with regard to accessibility and consumer perceptions of the quality of service provided. Relationships and percentages within and among the five public and two private hospitals are reported. Several statistically significant differences were found between the hospitals, with the private hospitals achieving the greatest satisfaction on most of the quality of services issues examined. Future recommendations outline the need to take into account the public's perception of these hospitals and enhancing customer satisfaction as a means of increasing service utilization.

  1. Implementation of Strategies to Leverage Public and Private Resources for National Security Workforce Development

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2009-04-01

    This report documents implementation strategies to leverage public and private resources for the development of an adequate national security workforce as part of the National Security Preparedness Project (NSPP), being performed under a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) grant. There are numerous efforts across the United States to develop a properly skilled and trained national security workforce. Some of these efforts are the result of the leveraging of public and private dollars. As budget dollars decrease and the demand for a properly skilled and trained national security workforce increases, it will become even more important tomore » leverage every education and training dollar. This report details some of the efforts that have been implemented to leverage public and private resources, as well as implementation strategies to further leverage public and private resources.« less

  2. 39 CFR 266.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY OF INFORMATION § 266.1... information collection and usage activities of the entire U.S. Postal Service. This includes the information... any private organization or governmental agency. [40 FR 45723, Oct. 2, 1975] ...

  3. 39 CFR 266.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY OF INFORMATION § 266.1... information collection and usage activities of the entire U.S. Postal Service. This includes the information... any private organization or governmental agency. [40 FR 45723, Oct. 2, 1975] ...

  4. 39 CFR 266.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY OF INFORMATION § 266.1... information collection and usage activities of the entire U.S. Postal Service. This includes the information... any private organization or governmental agency. [40 FR 45723, Oct. 2, 1975] ...

  5. 39 CFR 266.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY OF INFORMATION § 266.1... information collection and usage activities of the entire U.S. Postal Service. This includes the information... any private organization or governmental agency. [40 FR 45723, Oct. 2, 1975] ...

  6. 39 CFR 266.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY OF INFORMATION § 266.1... information collection and usage activities of the entire U.S. Postal Service. This includes the information... any private organization or governmental agency. [40 FR 45723, Oct. 2, 1975] ...

  7. 22 CFR 203.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The general public does not include government agencies in the United States... country in which it is domiciled; (2) Is a private nongovernmental organization (NGO) that solicits and... Organizations. (h) Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) means any nongovernmental organization or entity, whether...

  8. 22 CFR 203.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The general public does not include government agencies in the United States... country in which it is domiciled; (2) Is a private nongovernmental organization (NGO) that solicits and... Organizations. (h) Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) means any nongovernmental organization or entity, whether...

  9. Choosing the route to traveler information systems deployment : decision factors for creating public/private business plans

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-08-01

    The United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) has initiated a multimodal connected vehicle research initiative (hereafter referred to as the Initiative) that aims to enable safe, interoperable, networked, wireless communications amo...

  10. Effects of ITS on transit system cost structures

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-10-01

    The operation of public transit system has undergone significant changes over the past five decades. In the 1960s, most U.S. transit systems were privately owned and received little federal assistance. Most transit systems in the United States are cu...

  11. 22 CFR Appendix A to Part 217 - Federal Financial Assistance to Which These Regulations Apply

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to develop their... 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b).) 3. Grants to private and...

  12. 22 CFR Appendix A to Part 217 - Federal Financial Assistance to Which These Regulations Apply

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to develop their... 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b).) 3. Grants to private and...

  13. 22 CFR Appendix A to Part 217 - Federal Financial Assistance to Which These Regulations Apply

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to develop their... 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b).) 3. Grants to private and...

  14. 22 CFR Appendix A to Part 217 - Federal Financial Assistance to Which These Regulations Apply

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to develop their... 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b).) 3. Grants to private and...

  15. 22 CFR Appendix A to Part 217 - Federal Financial Assistance to Which These Regulations Apply

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and other qualified agricultural universities and colleges in the United States to develop their... 297, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2220(b).) 3. Grants to private and...

  16. Public Key Infrastructure Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-04-01

    commerce. This Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) study focuses on the United States Federal Government operations, but also addresses national and global ... issues in order to facilitate the interoperation of protected electronic commerce among the various levels of government in the U.S., private citizens

  17. Possible Correlations of Multinational Military Operations and State Stability, and Application to State Building in Iraq

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-01

    AOR – Area of Responsibility CENTCOM – United States Central Command CMF – Combined Maritime Force COCOM – Combatant Commander...unhelpful to embrace absolute dichotomies – such as purely private versus public goods – which fail to distinguish intermediate possibilities of...external conflict. 16 B. COUNTRIES In order to ensure wide inclusion of extremely varied countries, 84 countries from the areas of

  18. Wildlife habitat, range, recreation, hydrology, and related research using Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys: a 12-year compendium

    Treesearch

    Victor A. Rudis

    1991-01-01

    More than 400 publications are listed for the period 1979 to 1990; these focus on water, range, wildlife habitat, recreation, and related studies derived from U.S. Department of Agriculture, forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis unit surveys conducted on private and public land in the continental United States. Included is an overview of problems and progress...

  19. An Investigation Into the Feasibility of Merging Three Technical Processing Operations Into One Central Unit.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Burns, Robert W., Jr.

    Three contiguous schools in the upper midwest--a teacher's training college and a private four-year college in one state, and a land-grant university in another--were studied to see if their libraries could merge one of their major divisions--technical services--into a single administrative unit. Potential benefits from such a merger were felt to…

  20. Recent trends in dental visits and private dental insurance, 1989 and 1999.

    PubMed

    Wall, Thomas P; Brown, L Jackson

    2003-05-01

    This article describes recent trends in dental visits and private dental insurance in the United States. This study is based on the analyses of data regarding dental visits and private dental insurance among the population 2 years of age or older from the 1989 and 1999 National Health Interview Surveys. Overall, the percentage of the population with a dental visit rose from 57.2 percent in 1989 to 64.1 percent in 1999, while the percentage with private dental insurance fell from 40.5 percent to 35.2 percent. Although a higher percentage of people with private dental insurance reported having a dental visit than did those without private dental insurance in both years, the increase from 1989 to 1999 in the percentage of those with a visit was larger among the uninsured. If this trend persists, a smaller portion of practicing dentist's clientele will be insured. This may affect demand for services, as well as front office operations.

  1. Commission on Bicentennial of Constitution of United States. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employee Benefits and the Subcommittee on Census and Population of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress. First Session. (December 5, 1985).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U. S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

    This publication reports on the joint hearing to consider H.R. 3559 which would amend the charter of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution (Public Law 98-101) by authorizing the Commission to license use of their official emblem, lifting the cap on the number of publicly paid staff, exempting privately paid staff…

  2. White Paper: Unleashing Energy Efficiency Retrofits Through Energy Performance Contracts in China and the United States

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shen, Bo; Price, Lynn; Liu, Manzhi

    2015-09-15

    Energy performance contracting (EPC) is a mechanism that uses private sector investment and expertise to deploy energy efficiency retrofits in buildings, industries, and other types of facilities. China and the United States both have large, growing EPC markets. This White Paper shares key insights on each market, including strengths and barriers inherent to these markets, compares the two markets, and sets forth options for enhancing EPC markets in each country. The White Paper concludes with recommendations structured around common goals of both countries.

  3. The Design of Adult Acute Care Units in U.S. Hospitals

    PubMed Central

    Catrambone, Cathy; Johnson, Mary E.; Mion, Lorraine C.; Minnick, Ann F.

    2010-01-01

    Purpose To describe the current state of design characteristics determined to be desirable by the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) in U.S. adult medical, surgical, and intensive care units (ICUs). Design Descriptive study of patient visibility; distance to hygiene, toileting, charting, and supplies; unit configuration; percentage of private rooms; and presence or absence of carpeting in 56 ICUs and 81 medical-surgical units in six metropolitan areas. Methods Data were collected via observation, measurement, and interviews. Unit configurations were classified via an iterative process. Descriptive data were analyzed according to ICU and non-ICU status using SPSS (Version 15). Findings Analysis of unit configurations indicated eight unit designs. Statistical analysis showed inter- and intrahospital variation in unit configurations, percentage private rooms, carpeting, visibility, and distance to supplies and charting. Few units met the AHRQ designated design elements studied. Conclusions A wide gap exists between desirable characteristics in ICUs and medical-surgical units. Future research is needed to explore operationalization of unit design elements as risk adjustments, how design elements contribute to patient outcomes, and how design elements influence one another. Clinical Relevance There is room for improvement on almost every design variable, particularly on medical-surgical units. Future planning should take into consideration the interaction of bed capacity and unit configuration. PMID:19335681

  4. State parity laws and access to treatment for substance use disorder in the United States: implications for federal parity legislation.

    PubMed

    Wen, Hefei; Cummings, Janet R; Hockenberry, Jason M; Gaydos, Laura M; Druss, Benjamin G

    2013-12-01

    The passage of the 2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the 2010 Affordable Care Act incorporated parity for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment into federal legislation. However, prior research provides us with scant evidence as to whether federal parity legislation will hold the potential for improving access to SUD treatment. To examine the effect of state-level SUD parity laws on state-aggregate SUD treatment rates and to shed light on the impact of the recent federal SUD parity legislation. We conducted a quasi-experimental study using a 2-way (state and year) fixed-effect method. We included all known specialty SUD treatment facilities in the United States and examined treatment rates from October 1, 2000, through March 31, 2008. Our main source of data was the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services, which provides facility-level information on specialty SUD treatment. State-level SUD parity laws during the study period. State-aggregate SUD treatment rates in (1) all specialty SUD treatment facilities and (2) specialty SUD treatment facilities accepting private insurance. The implementation of any SUD parity law increased the treatment rate by 9% (P < .001) in all specialty SUD treatment facilities and by 15% (P = .02) in facilities accepting private insurance. Full parity and parity only if SUD coverage is offered increased the SUD treatment rate by 13% (P = .02) and 8% (P = .04), respectively, in all facilities and by 21% (P = .03) and 10% (P = .04), respectively, in facilities accepting private insurance. We found a positive effect of the implementation of state SUD parity legislation on access to specialty SUD treatment. Furthermore, the positive association is more pronounced in states with more comprehensive parity laws. Our findings suggest that federal parity legislation holds the potential to improve access to SUD treatment.

  5. State Parity Laws and Access to Treatment for Substance Use Disorder in the United States: Implications for Federal Parity Legislation

    PubMed Central

    Wen, Hefei; Cummings, Janet R.; Hockenberry, Jason M.; Gaydos, Laura M.; Druss, Benjamin G.

    2014-01-01

    Context The passage of the 2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) and the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) incorporated parity for substance use disorder (SUD) into federal legislation. Yet prior research provides us with scant evidence as to whether federal parity legislation will hold the potential for improving access to SUD treatment. Objective This study examined the effect of state-level SUD parity laws on state-aggregate SUD treatment rates from 2000 to 2008, to shed light on the impact of the recent federal-level SUD parity legislation. Design A quasi-experimental study design using a two-way (state and year) fixed-effect method Setting and Participants All known specialty SUD treatment facilities in the United States Interventions State-level SUD parity laws between 2000 and 2008 Main Outcome Measures State-aggregate SUD treatment rates in: (1) all specialty SUD treatment facilities, and (2) specialty SUD treatment facilities accepting private insurance Results The implementation of any SUD parity law increased the treatment rate by 9 percent (p<0.01) in all specialty SUD treatment facilities and by 15 percent (p<0.05) in facilities accepting private insurance. Full parity and parity-if-offered (i.e., parity only if SUD coverage is offered) increased SUD treatment rate by 13 percent (p<0.05) and 8 percent (p<0.05) in all facilities, and by 21 percent (p<0.05) and 10 percent (p<0.05) in those accepting private insurance. Conclusions We found a positive effect of the implementation of state SUD parity legislation on access to specialty SUD treatment. Furthermore, the positive association was more pronounced in states with more comprehensive parity laws. Our findings suggest that federal parity legislation holds the potential to improve access to SUD treatment. PMID:24154931

  6. INTEGRATION OF BIOMONITORING EXPOSURE DATA INTO THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Improved biomonitoring techniques are being used to measure very low levels of environmental chemicals in the tissues of adults and children. Public and private demand for biomonitoring data are on the increase worldwide. In the United States alone, government-sponsored programs...

  7. Indicators of Future School Enrollments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Educational Research Service, Arlington, VA.

    Data collected by United States government agencies, plus private health and demographic organizations, are assembled to provide reliable information regarding trends and projections of births, migration, and other indicators of school enrollment. The report, intended for educational planners, provides an overview of future school enrollment…

  8. 75 FR 70002 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-16

    ... loans, guarantees, insurance and working capital credits. By neutralizing the effect of export credit support offered by foreign governments and by absorbing credit risks that the private sector will not... Bank of the United States (``Ex-Im Bank'') is the [[Page 70003

  9. 77 FR 77094 - United States v. Apple, Inc., Hachette Book Group, Inc., HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-31

    ... dining rooms of upscale Manhattan restaurants and were used to discuss confidential business and... publisher in a private room of a different Manhattan restaurant, Alto. They discussed the growth of e-books...

  10. Drinking water systems, hydrology, and childhood gastrointestinal illness in central and northern Wisconsin

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Background: Current United States drinking water regulations create areas with different levels of water quality. Municipalities accessing untreated groundwater and households with unmonitored private wells may be at increased risk for acquiring waterborne disease. Objectives: The study investigat...

  11. Repoliticizing Higher Education Assessment within Neoliberal Globalization

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hursh, David; Wall, Andrew F.

    2011-01-01

    This article shows how universities, like education and social services in general, are increasingly pressured to adopt neoliberal principles that encourage privatization, entrepreneurship, standardization, assessment, and accountability. The authors examine recent efforts in the United States to develop measurement and accountability systems that…

  12. United States Department of Transportation report to Congress on public-private partnerships, December 2004.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2004-12-01

    House Report 108-243 (2003) accompanying the FY 2004 Department of Transportation : Appropriations Act requested the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to prepare a : report identifying the impediments to the formation of large, capital-intensiv...

  13. 75 FR 41143 - Silicon Metal from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results and Preliminary Rescission...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-15

    .... Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit's decision in Sigma Corp. v. United States, 117 F.3d 1401, 1407... (Mega Projects) Ltd., and Saturn Ferro Alloys Private Ltd., Indian producers of merchandise that is...

  14. Opportunities and goals of the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program - Partners in Flight

    Treesearch

    Deborah M. Finch

    1992-01-01

    In the fall of 1990, a major program for the conservation of migratory landbirds that breed in North America and winter in Latin America and the Caribbean Basin was initiated. Numerous federal, state. and private organizations in the United States endorsed the initiative by signing an official agreement to cooperatively conserve populations of neotropical migratory...

  15. What Is the Greater Good? The Discourse on Public and Private Roles of Higher Education in the New Economy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hensley, Brad; Galilee-Belfer, Mika; Lee, Jenny J.

    2013-01-01

    This study examined the ways that the "public good" of higher education is being conceptualised as economic benefits and cost/benefit rationalities in the current economic downturn. Based on the case of Arizona in the United States, a discourse analysis of speeches was performed on the way public, state and institutional leaders…

  16. Woodall publishing company, an important industry source of camping information

    Treesearch

    Curtis Fuller; Paul Foght; Linda Profaizer

    1980-01-01

    Since 1967 the Woodall Publishing Company of Highland Park, Ill., has gathered annual statistics on privately owned campgrounds in the United States, Canada and Mexico and to a lesser extent on public campgrounds. At first the information gathered consisted of little more than hand tallies of the number of campgrounds by state and degree of development, of the number...

  17. Lightning fires in southwestern forests

    Treesearch

    Jack S. Barrows

    1978-01-01

    Lightning is the leading cause of fires in southwestern forests. On all protected private, state and federal lands in Arizona and New Mexico, nearly 80 percent of the forest, brush and range fires are ignited by lightning. The Southwestern region leads all other regions of the United States both in total number of lightning fires and in the area burned by these fires...

  18. A strategic assessment of forest biomass and fuel reduction treatments in Western States

    Treesearch

    USDA Forest Service; Bob Rummer; Jeff Prestemon; Dennis May; Pat Miles; John Vissage; Ron McRoberts; Greg Liknes; Wayne D. Shepperd; Dennis Ferguson; William Elliot; Sue Miller; Steve Reutebuch; Jamie Barbour; Jeremy Fried; Bryce Stokes; Edward Bilek; Ken Skog

    2005-01-01

    This assessment characterizes, at a regional scale, forest biomass that can potentially be removed to implement the fuel reduction and ecosystem restoration objectives of the National Fire Plan for the Western United States. The assessment area covers forests on both public and private ownerships in the region and describes all standing tree volume including stems,...

  19. An Evaluation of the Implementation of Early Childhood Education Curriculum in Osun State

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Okewole, Johnson Oludele; Abuovbo, Iluezi-Ogbedu Veronica; Abosede, Osinowo Olufunke

    2015-01-01

    Early Childhood Education as a subject in primary schools in Nigeria was first noticed among the private primary schools in the 80s while the public primary schools did not incorporate it in their curriculum in Nigeria. Of recent, some state governments in Nigeria have just adopted and organized early childhood education unit into their primary…

  20. The impact of socioeconomic inequalities and lack of health insurance on physical functioning among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jinhyun; Richardson, Virginia

    2012-01-01

    Socioeconomic inequalities and lack of private health insurance have been viewed as significant contributors to health disparities in the United States. However, few studies have examined their impact on physical functioning over time, especially in later life. The current study investigated the impact of socioeconomic inequalities and lack of private health insurance on individuals' growth trajectories in physical functioning, as measured by activities of daily living. Data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994-2006) were used for this study, 6519 black and white adults who provided in-depth information about health, socioeconomic, financial and health insurance information were analysed. Latent growth curve modelling was used to estimate the initial level of physical functioning and its rate of change over time. Results showed that higher level of income and assets and having private health insurance significantly predicted better physical functioning. In particular, decline in physical functioning was slower among those who had private health insurance. Interestingly, changes in economic status, such as decreases in income and assets, had a greater impact on women's physical functioning than on men's. Black adults did not suffer more rapid declines in physical functioning than white adults after controlling for socioeconomic status. The current longitudinal study suggested that anti-poverty and health insurance policies should be enhanced to reduce the negative impact of socioeconomic inequalities on physical functioning throughout an individual's life course. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  1. Revaluating US Land Ownership and Management in Order to Effectively Combat Soil Degradation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Drohan, Patrick

    2017-04-01

    Land privatization has resulted throughout history in: a variety of governance types; wealth imbalances; fluctuating degrees of food production; industrialization; and the privatization of intellectual ideas/property. USA government strategies to combat soil degradation have in large been reactive and driven by land privatization and the entrepreneurial nature of the US economy, especially agriculture. This has led to boom and bust cycles of agriculture and soil resilience. Further straining the capability to combat soil degradation are weaknesses in land management legislation due to separation of federal and state law and unfunded mandates. Last, the sheer size of the United States may be its greatest weakness in effectively developing a coherent national soil degradation policy. The recent failure of the European Soil Directive emphasizes the continual struggle between land privatization, food production, and the generation of wealth. We suggest several new strategies to combat USA soil degradation based on existing and new land management schemes, which have the potential to more effectively buffer the unpredictable future of increasing population and climate change.

  2. State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014.

    PubMed

    Marynak, Kristy; Holmes, Carissa Baker; King, Brian A; Promoff, Gabbi; Bunnell, Rebecca; McAfee, Timothy

    2014-12-12

    Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other devices such as electronic hookahs, electronic cigars, and vape pens, are battery-powered devices capable of delivering aerosolized nicotine and additives to the user. Experimentation with and current use of e-cigarettes has risen sharply among youths and adults in the United States. Youth access to and use of ENDS is of particular concern given the potential adverse effects of nicotine on adolescent brain development. Additionally, ENDS use in public indoor areas might passively expose bystanders (e.g., children, pregnant women, and other nontobacco users) to nicotine and other potentially harmful constituents. ENDS use could have the potential to renormalize tobacco use and complicate enforcement of smoke-free policies. State governments can regulate the sales of ENDS and their use in indoor areas where nonusers might be involuntarily exposed to secondhand aerosol. To learn the current status of state laws regulating the sales and use of ENDS, CDC assessed state laws that prohibit ENDS sales to minors and laws that include ENDS use in conventional smoking prohibitions in indoor areas of private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Findings indicate that as of November 30, 2014, 40 states prohibited ENDS sales to minors, but only three states prohibited ENDS use in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Of the 40 states that prohibited ENDS sales to minors, 21 did not prohibit ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Three states had no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS sales to minors and no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. According to the Surgeon General, ENDS have the potential for public health harm or public health benefit. The possibility of public health benefit from ENDS could arise only if 1) current smokers use these devices to switch completely from combustible tobacco products and 2) the availability and use of combustible tobacco products are rapidly reduced. Therefore, when addressing potential public health harms associated with ENDS, it is important to simultaneously uphold and accelerate strategies found by the Surgeon General to prevent and reduce combustible tobacco use, including tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, high-impact media campaigns, barrier-free cessation treatment and services, and comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs.

  3. Productivity Analysis of Public and Private Airports: A Causal Investigation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vasigh, Bijan; Gorjidooz, Javad

    2007-01-01

    Around the world, airports are being viewed as enterprises, rather than public services, which are expected to be managed efficiently and provide passengers with courteous customer services. Governments are, increasingly, turning to the private sectors for their efficiency in managing the operation, financing, and development, as well as providing security for airports. Operational and financial performance evaluation has become increasingly important to airport operators due to recent trends in airport privatization. Assessing performance allows the airport operators to plan for human resources and capital investment as efficiently as possible. Productivity measurements may be used as comparisons and guidelines in strategic planning, in the internal analysis of operational efficiency and effectiveness, and in assessing the competitive position of an airport in transportation industry. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the operational and financial efficiencies of 22 major airports in the United States and Europe. These airports are divided into three groups based on private ownership (7 British Airport Authority airports), public ownership (8 major United States airports), and a mix of private and public ownership (7 major European Union airports. The detail ownership structures of these airports are presented in Appendix A. Total factor productivity (TFP) model was utilized to measure airport performance in terms of financial and operational efficiencies and to develop a benchmarking tool to identify the areas of strength and weakness. A regression model was then employed to measure the relationship between TFP and ownership structure. Finally a Granger causality test was performed to determine whether ownership structure is a Granger cause of TFP. The results of the analysis presented in this paper demonstrate that there is not a significant relationship between airport TFP and ownership structure. Airport productivity and efficiency is, however dependent upon the level of competition, choice of the market, and regulatory control.

  4. 77 FR 39319 - Suggestions for Environmental Cooperation Pursuant to the United States-Korea Environmental...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-02

    ...The Department invites the public, including NGOs, educational institutions, private sector enterprises and other interested persons, to submit written comments or suggestions regarding items for inclusion in the first Work Program for implementing the United States--Korea Environmental Cooperation Agreement, which entered into force on March 15, 2012. We encourage submitters to refer to: (1) The U.S.--Korea Environmental Cooperation Agreement; (2) Chapter 20 (Environment) of the U.S.--Korea Free Trade Agreement; and (3) the Environmental Review of the U.S.--Korea Free Trade Agreement. These documents are available at: http:// www.state.gov/e/oes/env/trade/c49687.htm.

  5. 31 CFR 560.551 - Student loan payments from persons in Iran authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Iran authorized. 560.551 Section 560.551 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... payments from persons in Iran authorized. United States depository institutions and private loan companies... payments from persons in Iran or ordinarily resident in Iran. ...

  6. 31 CFR 560.551 - Student loan payments from persons in Iran authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Iran authorized. 560.551 Section 560.551 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... payments from persons in Iran authorized. United States depository institutions and private loan companies... payments from persons in Iran or ordinarily resident in Iran. ...

  7. Trends in the Prevalence of Marijuana, Cocaine, and Other Illegal Drug Use

    MedlinePlus

    ... representative of 9 th through 12 th grade students in public and private schools throughout the United States. 1991 1993 1995 1997 Ever used marijuana (one or more times during their life) 1999 Percentages 2001 2003 31.3 32.8 ...

  8. 78 FR 28079 - Certificates of Compliance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-13

    ... owner, purchaser, or consignee of the merchandise, a person holding a valid'' customs broker's license..., purchaser, or consignee of the merchandise, a person holding a valid'' customs broker's license, pursuant to... ``private labeler'' for products made in the United States. We understand that some brand owners license...

  9. Adult Perspectives of Learning Musical Instruments

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roulston, Kathryn; Jutras, Peter; Kim, Seon Joo

    2015-01-01

    This article reports findings from a qualitative study of adults' perceptions and experiences of learning musical instruments. Conducted in the south-east United States, 15 adults who were learning instruments were recruited via community music groups and private instrumental teachers. Analysis of transcripts of semi-structured interviews…

  10. Financing Medical Education, 1989-90.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jolly, Paul; And Others

    1991-01-01

    Results of a recent national survey concerning the financing of medical education in the United States are reported, including information on data sources and characteristics, notes on medical school financial reporting patterns, a breakdown of public and private medical school revenues and expenditures, and medical student financial assistance…

  11. Overview of the Girls' Education Activity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brush, Lorelei; Heyman, Cory; Provasnik, Stephen; Fanning, Marina; Lent, Drew; De Wilde, Johan; Leal, Angela; Saher, Najat Yamouri; Robles, Ana Maria; Mendoza, Johanna

    In 1996, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) began the Girls' Education Activity (GEA). GEA's goal has been to assist host country governments and private sector and nongovernmental entities in formulating, institutionalizing, and implementing country initiatives for girls' education. These initiatives have been designed…

  12. 28 CFR 77.5 - No private remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... procedural, enforceable at law by a party to litigation with the United States, including criminal defendants, targets or subjects of criminal investigations, witnesses in criminal or civil cases (including civil law enforcement proceedings), or plaintiffs or defendants in civil investigations or litigation; or any other...

  13. 28 CFR 77.5 - No private remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... procedural, enforceable at law by a party to litigation with the United States, including criminal defendants, targets or subjects of criminal investigations, witnesses in criminal or civil cases (including civil law enforcement proceedings), or plaintiffs or defendants in civil investigations or litigation; or any other...

  14. 28 CFR 77.5 - No private remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... procedural, enforceable at law by a party to litigation with the United States, including criminal defendants, targets or subjects of criminal investigations, witnesses in criminal or civil cases (including civil law enforcement proceedings), or plaintiffs or defendants in civil investigations or litigation; or any other...

  15. 28 CFR 77.5 - No private remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... procedural, enforceable at law by a party to litigation with the United States, including criminal defendants, targets or subjects of criminal investigations, witnesses in criminal or civil cases (including civil law enforcement proceedings), or plaintiffs or defendants in civil investigations or litigation; or any other...

  16. 28 CFR 77.5 - No private remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... procedural, enforceable at law by a party to litigation with the United States, including criminal defendants, targets or subjects of criminal investigations, witnesses in criminal or civil cases (including civil law enforcement proceedings), or plaintiffs or defendants in civil investigations or litigation; or any other...

  17. Outdoor Leadership Competencies: A Research Study Surveying Outdoor Leaders.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swiderski, Michael J.

    The study identified land-based outdoor leadership competencies deemed necessary by outdoor leaders in the western United States. Using resources such as outdoor leadership literature, competency-based teacher education manuals, consultation with outdoor leadership specialists in educational, private, and governmental agencies, and personal…

  18. 5 CFR 891.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... member of the board of directors is elected or appointed by private interests), or of the government of... United States of America and the government of the District of Columbia. (i) Health benefits plan means an individual or group insurance policy or contract, medical or hospital service arrangement...

  19. 5 CFR 891.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... member of the board of directors is elected or appointed by private interests), or of the government of... United States of America and the government of the District of Columbia. (i) Health benefits plan means an individual or group insurance policy or contract, medical or hospital service arrangement...

  20. 5 CFR 891.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... member of the board of directors is elected or appointed by private interests), or of the government of... United States of America and the government of the District of Columbia. (i) Health benefits plan means an individual or group insurance policy or contract, medical or hospital service arrangement...

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