The Underpinnings of American Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

speeches , those given in December 2009, first at the United States Military Academy at West Point and later as he accepted his Nobel Peace Prize... speeches , those given in December 2009, first at the United States Military Academy at West Point and later as he accepted his Nobel Peace Prize...Nobel Acceptance Speech , December 10th, 2009. President Obama’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech in December, 2009, dismayed many of his

Input-output budgets of inorganic nitrogen for 24 forest watersheds in the northeastern United States: a review

Treesearch

John L. Campbell; James W. Hornbeck; Myron J. Mitchell; Mary Beth Adams; Mark S. Castro; Charles T. Driscoll; Jeffrey S. Kahl; James N. Kochenderfer; Gene E. Likens; James A. Lynch; Peter S. Murdoch; Sarah J. Nelson; James B. Shanley

2004-01-01

Input-output budgets for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are summarized for 24 small watersheds at 15 locations in the northeastern United States. The study watersheds are completely forested, free of recent physical disturbances, and span a geographical region bounded by West Virginia on the south and west, and Maine on the north and east. Total N budgets are not...

Meteorological conditions associated with increased incidence of West Nile virus disease in the United States, 2004-2012.

PubMed

Hahn, Micah B; Monaghan, Andrew J; Hayden, Mary H; Eisen, Rebecca J; Delorey, Mark J; Lindsey, Nicole P; Nasci, Roger S; Fischer, Marc

2015-05-01

West Nile virus (WNV) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States. Annual seasonal outbreaks vary in size and location. Predicting where and when higher than normal WNV transmission will occur can help direct limited public health resources. We developed models for the contiguous United States to identify meteorological anomalies associated with above average incidence of WNV neuroinvasive disease from 2004 to 2012. We used county-level WNV data reported to ArboNET and meteorological data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System. As a result of geographic differences in WNV transmission, we divided the United States into East and West, and 10 climate regions. Above average annual temperature was associated with increased likelihood of higher than normal WNV disease incidence, nationally and in most regions. Lower than average annual total precipitation was associated with higher disease incidence in the eastern United States, but the opposite was true in most western regions. Although multiple factors influence WNV transmission, these findings show that anomalies in temperature and precipitation are associated with above average WNV disease incidence. Readily accessible meteorological data may be used to develop predictive models to forecast geographic areas with elevated WNV disease risk before the coming season. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Infection Prevention and Control for Ebola in Health Care Settings - West Africa and United States.

PubMed

Hageman, Jeffrey C; Hazim, Carmen; Wilson, Katie; Malpiedi, Paul; Gupta, Neil; Bennett, Sarah; Kolwaite, Amy; Tumpey, Abbigail; Brinsley-Rainisch, Kristin; Christensen, Bryan; Gould, Carolyn; Fisher, Angela; Jhung, Michael; Hamilton, Douglas; Moran, Kerri; Delaney, Lisa; Dowell, Chad; Bell, Michael; Srinivasan, Arjun; Schaefer, Melissa; Fagan, Ryan; Adrien, Nedghie; Chea, Nora; Park, Benjamin J

2016-07-08

The 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa underscores the need for health care infection prevention and control (IPC) practices to be implemented properly and consistently to interrupt transmission of pathogens in health care settings to patients and health care workers. Training and assessing IPC practices in general health care facilities not designated as Ebola treatment units or centers became a priority for CDC as the number of Ebola virus transmissions among health care workers in West Africa began to affect the West African health care system and increasingly more persons became infected. CDC and partners developed policies, procedures, and training materials tailored to the affected countries. Safety training courses were also provided to U.S. health care workers intending to work with Ebola patients in West Africa. As the Ebola epidemic continued in West Africa, the possibility that patients with Ebola could be identified and treated in the United States became more realistic. In response, CDC, other federal components (e.g., Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response) and public health partners focused on health care worker training and preparedness for U.S. health care facilities. CDC used the input from these partners to develop guidelines on IPC for hospitalized patients with known or suspected Ebola, which was updated based on feedback from partners who provided care for Ebola patients in the United States. Strengthening and sustaining IPC helps health care systems be better prepared to prevent and respond to current and future infectious disease threats.The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S. and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).

West Coast, United States and Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-04-29

This view shows the west coast of the United States and Mexico (32.5N, 118.0W) and gives an indication of the range of view from orbital altitude. The visual range of this particular scene is from Skammon's Lagoon on Baja to the northern tip of California's Central Valley and Sierra Nevada, a range of over 15 degrees of latitude. Coastal fog drapes over southern California and northern Baja California. White Sands, New Mexico is at far right center.

WestPro: a computer program for simulating uneven-aged Douglas-fir stand growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest.

Treesearch

Rebecca Ralston; Joseph Buongiorno; Benedict Schulte; Jeremy Fried

2003-01-01

WestPro is an add-in program designed to work with Microsoft Excel to simulate the growth of uneven-aged Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Given the initial stand state, defined as the number of softwood and hardwood trees per acre by diameter class, WestPro predicts the...

Reference Charts for Height and Weight of School Children from West Malaysia in Comparison with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

PubMed Central

Bong, YB; Shariff, AA; Majid, AM; Merican, AF

2012-01-01

Background: Reference charts are widely used in healthcare as a screening tool. This study aimed to produce reference growth charts for school children from West Malaysia in comparison with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chart. Methods: A total of 14,360 school children ranging from 7 to 17 years old from six states in West Malaysia were collected. A two-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit the subjects. Curves were adjusted using Cole’s LMS method. The LOWESS method was used to smooth the data. Results: The means and standard deviations for height and weight for both genders are presented. The results showed good agreement with growth patterns in other countries, i.e., males tend to be taller and heavier than females for most age groups. Height and weight of females reached a plateau at 17 years of age; however, males were still growing at this age. The growth charts for West Malaysian school children were compared with the CDC 2000 growth charts for school children in the United States. Conclusion: The height and weight for males and females at the start of school-going ages were almost similar. The comparison between the growth charts from this study and the CDC 2000 growth charts indicated that the growth patterns of West Malaysian school children have improved, although the height and weight of American school children were higher than those for West Malaysian school children. PMID:23113132

Preparing for Serious Communicable Diseases in the United States: What the Ebola Virus Epidemic Has Taught Us.

PubMed

Varkey, Jay B; Ribner, Bruce S

2016-06-01

Ending the West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak required an unprecedented international response. For the United States, participation in the international response to the West Africa EVD outbreak provided an opportunity to learn important lessons in four key domains critical to preparing for future outbreaks of EVD and other serious communicable diseases: (i) safe and effective patient care, (ii) the role of experimental therapeutics and vaccines, (iii) infection control, and (iv) hospital and community preparedness.

9 CFR 93.423 - Ruminants from Central America and the West Indies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... they were directly shipped to the United States for a period of at least 60 days immediately preceding... from the British Virgin Islands into the United States Virgin Islands, for immediate slaughter, only... be within 14 days after the date of entry into the United States Virgin Islands; and if they are...

Fostering E-Mail Security Awareness: The West Point Carronade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferguson, Aaron J.

2005-01-01

The United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point had a problem with some cadets clicking on suspicious attachments and embedded links, significantly affecting network performance and resource availability. West Point information technology leadership needed a way to increase e-mail security awareness in hopes of maintaining a strong…

West German Teachers on Today's Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molnar, Alex; And Others

1984-01-01

In 1983, elementary and secondary teachers in West Germany were surveyed concerning the treatment of social themes in school curricula. As in a similar survey conducted in the United States, West German respondents indicated that every theme surveyed was important, with nuclear disarmament and environmental pollution clearly considered the most…

R&D Alert. Volume 7, Number 2, 2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Noel, Ed.

2005-01-01

"R&D Alert" covers issues affecting schools in the Western Regional Educational Laboratory's four-state region--Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah--and throughout the United States. This issue of "R&D Alert" shares what WestEd is learning from a sample of their latest work, focusing on three points in the process:…

The USGS at Embudo, New Mexico: 125 years of systematic streamgaging in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gunn, Mark A.; Matherne, Anne Marie; Mason, Jr., Robert R.

2014-01-01

John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, had a vision for the Western United States. In the late 1800s, Powell explored the West as head of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. He devoted a large part of “Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States with a more detailed account of the land of Utah with maps,” his 1878 report to the General Land Office on the lands west of the 100th meridian, to the feasibility of “reclaiming” large portions of this arid land. Powell recognized that the availability of water was key to the wise settlement of the region. He proposed to inventory all streams in the West to evaluate the potential for irrigation. The essential first step was to gage the flows of the rivers and streams. A few cities in the Eastern United States had established primitive streamgages as early as the 1870s to acquire data needed for the design of their water supply systems. Their methods generally used constructed channels and dams to enable accurate gaging. These methods were not feasible in the West, and certainly not on the vast scale and extreme range of flows common to western streams. New, more flexible techniques were needed. A site was chosen where these methods could be worked out and developed in a practical setting.

75 FR 37881 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Change in State of Incorporation United States...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

..., Financial Management Service, Financial Accounting and Services Division, Surety Bond Branch, 3700 East-West..., Financial Accounting and Services Division. [FR Doc. 2010-15614 Filed 6-29-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4810-35... State of Incorporation United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service...

Diversity and the Success of Entering Classes at the U.S. Service Academies. Research Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirby, Sheila Nataraj

2010-01-01

The United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) at Colorado Springs, and the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis provide tuition-free, four-year undergraduate education and prepare entrants to be officers of the U.S. military services. Graduates are commissioned as officers for a…

Heterogeneity in preferences for woody biomass energy in the US Mountain West

Treesearch

Robert M. Campbell; Tyron J. Venn; Nathaniel M. Anderson

2018-01-01

The United States has passed legislation aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (United States Congress, 2005; United States Congress, 2007; EPA, 2015). In order to achieve the goals set by these commitments, significant amounts of fossil fuel energy will need to be replaced with renewable energy. There are multiple renewable technologies from which to choose, and...

Publications - GMC 159 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical State #1, Kuparuk Unit #1, Mikkelsen Bay State 13-09-19, Ravik State #1, Pt. Thomson Unit #2, West

Electrical generating unit inventory 1976-1986: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jansen, S. D.

1981-09-01

The ORBES region consists of all of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, substantial parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and southwestern Pennsylvania. The inventory lists installed electrical generating capacity in commercial service as of December 1, 1976, and scheduled capacity additions and removals between 1977 and 1986 in the six ORBES states (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia). The following information is included for each electrical generating unit: unit ID code, company index, whether point or industrial ownership, plant name, whether inside or outside the ORBES region, FIPS county code, type of unit, size in megawatts, type of megawatt rating, status of unit, data of commercial operation, scheduled retirement date, primary fuel, alternate fuel, type of cooling, source of cooling water, and source of information.

INTERIOR VIEW, LOOKING WEST, WITH PIPE BEING SPRAYED WITH ZINC ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR VIEW, LOOKING WEST, WITH PIPE BEING SPRAYED WITH ZINC COATING. - United States Pipe & Foundry Company Plant, Coating, Painting, Lining & Packaging Building, 2023 St. Louis Avenue at I-20/59, Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL

ShakeAlert—An earthquake early warning system for the United States west coast

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burkett, Erin R.; Given, Douglas D.; Jones, Lucile M.

2014-08-29

Earthquake early warning systems use earthquake science and the technology of monitoring systems to alert devices and people when shaking waves generated by an earthquake are expected to arrive at their location. The seconds to minutes of advance warning can allow people and systems to take actions to protect life and property from destructive shaking. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with several partners, has been working to develop an early warning system for the United States. ShakeAlert, a system currently under development, is designed to cover the West Coast States of California, Oregon, and Washington.

Suicide in the Mountain West Region of the United States.

PubMed

Pepper, Carolyn M

2017-09-01

The Mountain West region of the United States consistently reports the highest rates of suicide in the country. This pattern could reflect a regional culture-of-suicide script in support of suicide that implicitly influences individual's behavior. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether suicide rates are elevated in the Mountain West across a wide range of demographic groups, thereby supporting a regional cultural script. Suicide rates in the Mountain West between 1999 and 2014 were compared to the rest of the country across a wide range of demographic categories and levels of population density using the Center for Disease Control Multiple Causes of Death dataset published on the WONDER online database. Suicide rates are elevated in the Mountain West for men and women, all racial groups, all age groups, and at every level of population density compared to the rest of the country. Missing and suppressed data, the use of coroner reports, and the arbitrary nature of state and regional boundaries are all discussed as possible limitations to this study. These findings support a broad culture-of-suicide script that is pervasive in this region across demographic groups and all levels of population density.

Perspectiva Historica de la Educacion Bilingue en los Estados Unidos (A Historical Perspective of Bilingual Education in the United States)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zamora, Juan Clemente

1978-01-01

This article defines bilingualism and bilingual education and traces the history of bilingual education in the United States, starting with the Spanish missions in the west. (Text is in Spanish.) (NCR)

50 CFR Table 1 to Subpart H of... - Pacific Salmon EFH Identified by USGS Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pacific Salmon EFH Identified by USGS Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 1 Table 1 to Subpart H of Part 660 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND... WEST COAST STATES West Coast Salmon Fisheries Pt. 660, Subpt. H, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart H of Part...

Perspective view of the west elevation looking from the southwest ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Perspective view of the west elevation looking from the southwest (Eighth Street side; note U.S. Patent Office in background) - United States General Post Office, Between Seventh, Eighth, E, & F Streets, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Managing Library Staff from a Different Cultural Background--The East-West Conflict in Berlin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lux, Claudia

This paper discusses personnel management issues that arose when the East Berlin (Germany) Municipal Library and the West Berlin America Memorial Library united in 1995 to form the Central and State Library. The first section provides historical background on the two libraries and their merger. The second section summarizes the East-West conflict…

Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, Mary C.

This study of the attitudes and status of West Indian immigrants in the United States, based on interviews with 59 West Indian immigrants, 83 adolescent and young adult children of immigrants, 27 African Americans, 25 White Americans, and 6 coworkers of immigrants shows the changes that occur as immigrants confront the realities of U.S. life. West…

United States Air Force 611th Civil Engineer Squadron, Elmendorf, AFB, Alaska. Final engineering evaluation/cost analysis, million gallon hill source area of the West Unit, Galena Airport, Alaska

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-02-05

This decision document presents the selected removal action for the Million Gallon Hill source area of the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) site ST009, otherwise known as the West Unit at Galena Airport, Alaska. The information from the RI Report is summarized, along with an analysis of potential removal action alternatives in the Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA).

Digital Textbooks and Digital Divide in West Virginia: Teachers' Hidden Works

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ravenscroft, Matthew D.

2017-01-01

Digital textbooks are replacing print books in school districts across the United States due to their adaptability for students with special needs, enhanced student interest, and lower cost. This is also true in the rural state of West Virginia which lags the U.S. in broadband Internet saturation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to…

An economic assessment of mountain pine beetle timber salvage in the west

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Karen L. Abt; Kevin M. Potter; Frank H. Koch

2013-01-01

The mountain pine beetle has killed lodgepole pine and other species of pines in the western United States in an ongoing epidemic. The most heavily affected states are in the interior West: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, with smaller losses elsewhere. Timber salvage is one response to the epidemic, which could generate revenues for affected landowners and...

Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium africanum, United States, 2004-2013.

PubMed

Sharma, Aditya; Bloss, Emily; Heilig, Charles M; Click, Eleanor S

2016-03-01

Mycobacterium africanum is endemic to West Africa and causes tuberculosis (TB). We reviewed reported cases of TB in the United States during 2004-2013 that had lineage assigned by genotype (spoligotype and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeats). M. africanum caused 315 (0.4%) of 73,290 TB cases with lineage assigned by genotype. TB caused by M. africanum was associated more with persons from West Africa (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 253.8, 95% CI 59.9-1,076.1) and US-born black persons (aOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.2-25.9) than with US-born white persons. TB caused by M. africanum did not show differences in clinical characteristics when compared with TB caused by M. tuberculosis. Clustered cases defined as >2 cases in a county with identical 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit genotypes, were less likely for M. africanum (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.4), which suggests that M. africanum is not commonly transmitted in the United States.

The wildland-urban interface in the United States

Treesearch

Susan I. Stewart; Volker C. Radeloff; Roger B. Hammer

2006-01-01

This paper presents a map of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) in 2000 for the lower 48 States of the United States. The WUI was extensive, covering 9 percent of the land area in the lower 48 States and encompassing 38 percent of all homes. Major WUI areas are located along the west coast, the Colorado Front Range, southeast Texas, the Great Lakes States, and across...

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America

PubMed Central

Mann, Brian R.; McMullen, Allison R.; Swetnam, Daniele M.; Barrett, Alan D. T.

2013-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype). Both genotypes co-circulate to date. Subsequent WNV surveillance studies have confirmed additional genotypes in the United States that have become extinct due to lack of a selective advantage or stochastic effect; however, the dynamic emergence, displacement, and extinction of multiple WNV genotypes in the US from 1999–2012 indicates the continued evolution of WNV in North America. PMID:24135819

Ebola virus disease cluster in the United States--Dallas County, Texas, 2014.

PubMed

Chevalier, Michelle S; Chung, Wendy; Smith, Jessica; Weil, Lauren M; Hughes, Sonya M; Joyner, Sibeso N; Hall, Emily; Srinath, Divya; Ritch, Julia; Thathiah, Prea; Threadgill, Heidi; Cervantes, Diana; Lakey, David L

2014-11-21

Since March 10, 2014, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have experienced the largest known Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic with approximately 13,000 persons infected as of October 28, 2014. Before September 25, 2014, only four patients with Ebola had been treated in the United States; all of these patients had been diagnosed in West Africa and medically evacuated to the United States for care.

3 CFR 8497 - Proclamation 8497 of April 12, 2010. Honoring the Victims of the Montcoal, West Virginia, Mine...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Victims of the Montcoal, West Virginia, Mine Disaster 8497 Proclamation 8497 Presidential Documents..., Mine DisasterBy the President of the United States of America A Proclamation As a mark of respect for the memory of those who perished in the mine explosion in Montcoal, West Virginia, I hereby order, by...

INTERIOR VIEW OF MAGNESIUM TREATMENT AREA, LOOKING WEST, WITH 10TON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR VIEW OF MAGNESIUM TREATMENT AREA, LOOKING WEST, WITH 10-TON LADLE POURING MOLTEN IRON INTO 20-TON LADLE - United States Pipe & Foundry Company Plant, Melting & Treatment Areas, 2023 St. Louis Avenue at I-20/59, Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL

INTERIOR VIEW OF MAGNESIUM TREATMENT AREA, LOOKING WEST, WITH 10TON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR VIEW OF MAGNESIUM TREATMENT AREA, LOOKING WEST, WITH 10-TON LADLE POURING MOLTEN IRON INTO 20-TON LADLE. - United States Pipe & Foundry Company Plant, Melting & Treatment Areas, 2023 St. Louis Avenue at I-20/59, Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL

DE LAVAUD CHARGING FROM WEST (UPHILL), TREATING LANCE WITH CALCIUM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DE LAVAUD CHARGING FROM WEST (UPHILL), TREATING LANCE WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE IN CENTER & CASTING PIPE TO THE RIGHT. - United States Pipe & Foundry Company Plant, Pipe Casting & Testing Area, 2023 St. Louis Avenue at I-20/59, Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL

Regional Variation in Utilization, In-hospital Mortality, and Health-Care Resource Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the United States.

PubMed

Gupta, Tanush; Kalra, Ankur; Kolte, Dhaval; Khera, Sahil; Villablanca, Pedro A; Goel, Kashish; Bortnick, Anna E; Aronow, Wilbert S; Panza, Julio A; Kleiman, Neal S; Abbott, J Dawn; Slovut, David P; Taub, Cynthia C; Fonarow, Gregg C; Reardon, Michael J; Rihal, Charanjit S; Garcia, Mario J; Bhatt, Deepak L

2017-11-15

We queried the National Inpatient Sample database from 2012 to 2014 to identify all patients aged ≥18 years undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in the United States. Regional differences in TAVI utilization, in-hospital mortality, and health-care resource use were analyzed. Of 41,025 TAVI procedures in the United States between 2012 and 2014, 10,390 were performed in the Northeast, 9,090 in the Midwest, 14,095 in the South, and 7,450 in the West. Overall, the number of TAVI implants per million adults increased from 24.8 in 2012 to 63.2 in 2014. The utilization of TAVI increased during the study period in all 4 geographic regions, with the number of implants per million adults being highest in the Northeast, followed by the Midwest, South, and West, respectively. Overall in-hospital mortality was 4.2%. Compared with the Northeast, risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was higher in the Midwest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.26 [1.07 to 1.48]) and the South (aOR 1.61 [1.40 to 1.85]) and similar in the West (aOR 1.00 [0.84 to 1.18]). Average length of stay was shorter in all other regions compared with the Northeast. Among patients surviving to discharge, disposition to a skilled nursing facility or home health care was most common in the Northeast, whereas home discharge was most common in the West. Average hospital costs were highest in the West. In conclusion, we observed significant regional differences in TAVI utilization, in-hospital mortality, and health-care resource use in the United States. The findings of our study may have important policy implications and should provide an impetus to understand the source of this regional variation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014-2016 Ebola Epidemic.

PubMed

Bell, Beth P; Damon, Inger K; Jernigan, Daniel B; Kenyon, Thomas A; Nichol, Stuart T; O'Connor, John P; Tappero, Jordan W

2016-07-08

During 2014-2016, CDC, working with U.S. and international partners, mounted a concerted response to end the unprecedented epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in West Africa. CDC's response, which was the largest in the agency's history, was directed simultaneously at controlling the epidemic in West Africa and strengthening preparedness for Ebola in the United States. Although experience in responding to approximately 20 Ebola outbreaks since 1976 had provided CDC and other international responders an understanding of the disease and how to stop its spread, the epidemic in West Africa presented new and formidable challenges. The initial response was slow and complicated for several reasons, including wide geographic spread of cases, poor public health and societal infrastructure, sociodemographic factors, local unfamiliarity with Ebola, and distrust of government and health care workers. In the United States, widespread public alarm erupted after Ebola cases were diagnosed in Dallas, Texas, and New York City, New York. CDC, in collaboration with its U.S. and international counterparts, applied proven public health strategies as well as innovative new approaches to help control the Ebola epidemic in West Africa and strengthen public health readiness in the United States. Lessons learned include the recognition that West African and other countries need effective systems to detect and stop infectious disease threats, the need for stronger international surge capacity for times when countries are overwhelmed by an outbreak, and the importance of improving infection prevention and control in health care settings. The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S. and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).

33 CFR 3.70-1 - Fourteenth district.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fourteenth Coast Guard District shall comprise the State of Hawaii; and the Pacific Islands belonging to the United States south of latitude 40° N., and west of a line running from 40° N., 150° W. through latitude 5° S., 110° W.; the ocean area west and south of a line running from position 51° N., 158° E. to...

Evaluating Perspectives on Westward Expansion: Weighing the Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenhut, Stephanie

2011-01-01

When Americans from the eastern part of the United States began moving west in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, tensions escalated and conflicts erupted between and among settlers, railroad workers, ranchers, the United States military, and numerous Native American tribes. Incorporating balanced consideration of these diverse and…

3 CFR - Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... United States. United States-bound trafficking in cocaine through the Caribbean dramatically increased... drug producer or transit zone, the region is a growing concern. The destabilizing effects of increasing... estimates that cocaine trafficking in West Africa generates approximately $1.25 billion at wholesale prices...

INPUT-OUTPUT BUDGETS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN FOR 24 FOREST WATERSHEDS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: A REVIEW

EPA Science Inventory

Input-output budgets for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are summarized for 24 small watersheds at 15 locations in the northeasternUnited States. The study watersheds are completely forested, free of recent physical disturbances, and span a geographical region bounded by West ...

To designate the United States courthouse located at 300 West Second Street in Little Rock, Arkansas, as the "Morris Sheppard Arnold United States Courthouse".

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Griffin, Tim [R-AR-2

2013-01-23

House - 01/24/2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

77 FR 8838 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

.... Title; Associated Form; and OMB Number: Nomination For Appointment To The United States Military Academy... form to nominate constituents to the three DoD Academies, West Point, Annapolis and Air Force. Data... outlined in AFI 36-2019, Appointment to the United States Air Force Academy. Affected Public: Applicants to...

Vaccines in development against West Nile virus.

PubMed

Brandler, Samantha; Tangy, Frederic

2013-09-30

West Nile encephalitis emerged in 1999 in the United States, then rapidly spread through the North American continent causing severe disease in human and horses. Since then, outbreaks appeared in Europe, and in 2012, the United States experienced a new severe outbreak reporting a total of 5,387 cases of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in humans, including 243 deaths. So far, no human vaccine is available to control new WNV outbreaks and to avoid worldwide spreading. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of West Nile vaccine development and the potential of a novel safe and effective approach based on recombinant live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine. MV vaccine is a live attenuated negative-stranded RNA virus proven as one of the safest, most stable and effective human vaccines. We previously described a vector derived from the Schwarz MV vaccine strain that stably expresses antigens from emerging arboviruses, such as dengue, West Nile or chikungunya viruses, and is strongly immunogenic in animal models, even in the presence of MV pre-existing immunity. A single administration of a recombinant MV vaccine expressing the secreted form of WNV envelope glycoprotein elicited protective immunity in mice and non-human primates as early as two weeks after immunization, indicating its potential as a human vaccine.

Vaccines in Development against West Nile Virus

PubMed Central

Brandler, Samantha; Tangy, Frederic

2013-01-01

West Nile encephalitis emerged in 1999 in the United States, then rapidly spread through the North American continent causing severe disease in human and horses. Since then, outbreaks appeared in Europe, and in 2012, the United States experienced a new severe outbreak reporting a total of 5,387 cases of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in humans, including 243 deaths. So far, no human vaccine is available to control new WNV outbreaks and to avoid worldwide spreading. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of West Nile vaccine development and the potential of a novel safe and effective approach based on recombinant live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine. MV vaccine is a live attenuated negative-stranded RNA virus proven as one of the safest, most stable and effective human vaccines. We previously described a vector derived from the Schwarz MV vaccine strain that stably expresses antigens from emerging arboviruses, such as dengue, West Nile or chikungunya viruses, and is strongly immunogenic in animal models, even in the presence of MV pre-existing immunity. A single administration of a recombinant MV vaccine expressing the secreted form of WNV envelope glycoprotein elicited protective immunity in mice and non-human primates as early as two weeks after immunization, indicating its potential as a human vaccine. PMID:24084235

Homicide, suicide, motor vehicle crash, and fall mortality: United States' experience in comparative perspective.

PubMed Central

Rockett, I R; Smith, G S

1989-01-01

US mortality data on motor vehicle crashes, falls, suicide, and homicide for 1980 are compared with corresponding data for France, Japan, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. Unadjusted and age-specific death rates are presented, together with age-adjusted rates of years of life lost (YLL). A large male excess in rates is typical outside the fall category. Motor vehicle crashes are the predominant cause of YLL, and the United States manifests the highest YLL rates for each sex. US fall death rates at the older ages are exceeded by those of France and West Germany. The elderly generally manifest the greatest risk of suicide; American females exhibit a unique rate decline after ages 45-54 years, however. Beyond early adulthood, US suicide rates are lower than those of France, Japan, and West Germany. US homicide rates dwarf those of the comparison countries with 16- to 29-fold differentials separating prime-risk American males aged 25-34 years from their foreign counterparts. PMID:2782511

The New Wild West: Military Support in Border Security Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

military service members from being used to enforce the laws of the United States unless expressly authorized by the United States Constitution or the...cartels constitute a significant threat to United States national security that cannot be defeated or deterred by law enforcement methods alone in order...Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law , no person shall be subject to any penalty for

Interior view, east to west corridor from the Fourteenth Street ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, east to west corridor from the Fourteenth Street lobby to the Fifteenth Street side of the building (168' in length) - United States Department of Commerce, Bounded by Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and E streets and Constitution Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Forest statistics for West Virginia--1975 and 1989

Treesearch

Dawn M. Di Giovanni; Dawn M. Di Giovanni

1990-01-01

A statistical report on the fourth forest survey of West Virginia (1989). Findings are displayed in 119 tables containing estimates of forest area, number of trees, timber volume, tree biomass, and timber products output. Data are presented at three levels: state, geographic unit, and county.

Adventitious shoot regeneration of Fraxinus nigra Marsh

Treesearch

Rochelle R. Beasley; Paula M. Pijut

2010-01-01

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) is a native ash species occurring in Newfoundland west to Manitoba and south to Iowa, Illinois, West Virginia, and Virginia. Although it is not a commercially important species, it has significant ethnobotanical importance to Native American tribes of the eastern United States.

27. Photocopy of drawing September 28, 1951 (original in files ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. Photocopy of drawing September 28, 1951 (original in files of United States Military Academy Architectural Archive, West Point, New York) CONVERSION OF ICE HOUSE TO WAREHOUSE, ELECTRICAL DETAILS - U.S. Military Academy, Ice House, Mills Road at Howze Place, West Point, Orange County, NY

28. Photocopy of drawing, July 30, 1952 (original in files ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. Photocopy of drawing, July 30, 1952 (original in files of United States Military Academy Architectural Archive, West Point, New York) NEW DOUBLE DECK PLATFORM AT ICE HOUSE BUILDING - U.S. Military Academy, Ice House, Mills Road at Howze Place, West Point, Orange County, NY

Longest-Serving Active Paper Mill in the Western United States Uncovers New Ways to Save Energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2008-03-01

This case study describes how West Linn Paper Company's coated paper mill in West Linn, Oregon, saves nearly 58,200 MMBtu and $379,000 annually after receiving a DOE Save Energy Now energy assessment and implementing those recommendations.

West Nile Virus: Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Petersen, Lyle R.; Brault, Aaron C.; Nasci, Roger S.

2015-01-01

IMPORTANCE Since its introduction in North America in 1999,West Nile virus has produced the 3 largest arboviral neuroinvasive disease outbreaks ever recorded in the United States. OBJECTIVE To review the ecology, virology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention, and control of West Nile virus, with an emphasis on North America. EVIDENCE REVIEW PubMed electronic database was searched through February 5, 2013. United States national surveillance data were gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FINDINGS West Nile virus is now endemic throughout the contiguous United States, with 16 196 human neuroinvasive disease cases and 1549 deaths reported since 1999. More than 780 000 illnesses have likely occurred. To date, incidence is highest in the Midwest from mid-July to early September. West Nile fever develops in approximately 25% of those infected, varies greatly in clinical severity, and symptoms may be prolonged. Neuroinvasive disease (meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis) develops in less than 1% but carries a fatality rate of approximately 10%. Encephalitis has a highly variable clinical course but often is associated with considerable long-term morbidity. Approximately two-thirds of those with paralysis remain with significant weakness in affected limbs. Diagnosis usually rests on detection of IgM antibody in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment is supportive; no licensed human vaccine exists. Prevention uses an integrated pest management approach, which focuses on surveillance, elimination of mosquito breeding sites, and larval and adult mosquito management using pesticides to keep mosquito populations low. During outbreaks or impending outbreaks, emphasis shifts to aggressive adult mosquito control to reduce the abundance of infected, biting mosquitoes. Pesticide exposure and adverse human health events following adult mosquito control operations for West Nile virus appear negligible. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In North America, West Nile virus has and will remain a formidable clinical and public health problem for years to come. PMID:23860989

Seed-feeding beetles (Bruchinae, Curculionidae, Brentidae) from legumes (Dalea ornata, Astragalus filipes) and other forbs needed for restoring rangleands of the Intermountain West

Treesearch

James H. Cane; Clarence Johnson; Jesus Romero Napoles; Douglas A. Johnson; Robert Hammon

2013-01-01

Seed-feeding beetles of the genera Acanthoscelides, Apion, and occasionally Tychius were commonly found occurring in seeds from wild populations of Astragalus filipes and Dalea ornata across rangelands of the United States Intermountain West, resulting in many new state, county, and host records. These 2 legumes, as well as other perennial herbaceous species, are being...

Illicit Drug Trafficking in West Africa -- Primary Surveillance Radar Introduction

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

States Party. All West African countries are Party to the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic ...efforts against illicit drug trafficking and related crimes by Member States at the regional and national levels, especially within the framework of...Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Cape Verde, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.29 14 Effective airspace management not only aids in countering illicit drug

History of Mosquitoborne Diseases in the United States and Implications for New Pathogens.

PubMed

Moreno-Madriñán, Max J; Turell, Michael

2018-05-01

The introduction and spread of West Nile virus and the recent introduction of chikungunya and Zika viruses into the Americas have raised concern about the potential for various tropical pathogens to become established in North America. A historical analysis of yellow fever and malaria incidences in the United States suggests that it is not merely a temperate climate that keeps these pathogens from becoming established. Instead, socioeconomic changes are the most likely explanation for why these pathogens essentially disappeared from the United States yet remain a problem in tropical areas. In contrast to these anthroponotic pathogens that require humans in their transmission cycle, zoonotic pathogens are only slightly affected by socioeconomic factors, which is why West Nile virus became established in North America. In light of increasing globalization, we need to be concerned about the introduction of pathogens such as Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.

West Nile virus and other arboviral diseases--United States, 2012.

PubMed

2013-06-28

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States. However, several other arboviruses also cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis). In 2012, CDC received reports of 5,780 nationally notifiable arboviral disease cases (excluding dengue). A large multistate outbreak of WNV disease accounted for 5,674 (98%) of reported cases, the highest number reported since 2003. Other reported etiologies included Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Powassan virus (POWV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and California serogroup viruses such as La Crosse virus (LACV) and Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV). Arboviruses continue to cause serious illness in substantial numbers of persons in the United States. Maintaining surveillance remains important to identify outbreaks and guide prevention efforts.

15 CFR Appendix Vii to Subpart P... - Areas To Be Avoided Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....10′ W In the Vicinity of Key West Harbor [Reference Chart: United States 11434, 21st Edition—August... COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Florida Keys... Avoided Boundary Coordinates In The Vicinity of the Florida Keys [Reference Charts: United States 11466...

Democratic Orientations among High School Seniors in the United States and Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hastings, William L.; Payne, Kenneth A.

1990-01-01

Investigates strength of national identity and degrees of democratic orientation among honors high school seniors taking advanced political science courses in 1986 in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. Finds West German students less tolerant of minority free speech, more fearful of consequences of dissent, and less politically…

To designate the Federal Building and United States Courthouse located at 1125 Chapline Street in Wheeling, West Virginia, as the "Frederick P. Stamp, Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse".

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. McKinley, David B. [R-WV-1

2013-02-12

House - 02/13/2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

West Nile virus activity--United States, 2006.

PubMed

2007-06-08

West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the United States. Originally discovered in Africa in 1937, WNV was first detected in the western hemisphere in 1999 in New York City. Since then, WNV has caused seasonal epidemics of febrile illness and severe neurologic disease in the United States. This report summarizes provisional WNV surveillance data for 2006 reported to CDC as of April 3, 2007. During 2006, WNV transmission to humans or animals expanded into 52 counties that had not previously reported transmission and recurred in 1,350 counties where transmission had been reported in previous years. In addition, 1,491 cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) were reported in the United States during this period, amounting to a 14% increase from 2005 and the largest number reported since 2003. On the basis of extrapolations from past serosurveys, an estimated 41,750 cases of non-neuroinvasive WNV disease occurred in 2006; of these cases, 2,770 were reported. These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance, mosquito control, promotion of personal protection from mosquito bites, and research into additional prevention strategies.

Book review: Biology and management of invasive quagga and zebra mussels in the western United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Benson, Amy J.

2017-01-01

Water is a precious and limited commodity in the western United States and its conveyance is extremely important. Therefore, it is critical to do as much as possible to prevent the spread of two species of dreissenid mussels, both non-native and highly invasive aquatic species already well-established in the eastern half of the United States. This book addresses the occurrences of the two dreissenid mussels in the West, the quagga mussel and the zebra mussel, that are both known to negatively impact water delivery systems and natural ecosystems. It is edited by two researchers whom have extensive experience working with the mussels in the West and is composed of 34 chapters, or articles, written by a variety of experts.Book information: Biology and Management of Invasive Quagga and Zebra Mussels in the Western United States. Edited by Wai Hing Wong and Shawn L. Gerstenberger. Boca Raton (Florida): CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group). $149.95. xx + 545 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-1-4665-9561-3. [Compact Disc included.] 2015.

Diagnostic approach for monitoring hydroclimatic conditions related to emergence of west nile virus in west virginia.

PubMed

Jutla, Antarpreet; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R

2015-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV), mosquito-borne and water-based disease, is increasingly a global threat to public health. Since its appearance in the northeastern United States in 1999, WNV has since been reported in several states in the continental United States. The objective of this study is to highlight role of hydroclimatic processes estimated through satellite sensors in capturing conditions for emergence of the vectors in historically disease free regions. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in surface temperature, in combination with intensification of vegetation, and enhanced precipitation, lead to conditions favorable for vector (mosquito) growth. Analysis of land surface temperature (LST) pattern shows that temperature values >16°C, with heavy precipitation, may lead to abundance of the mosquito population. This hypothesis was tested in West Virginia where a sudden epidemic of WNV infection was reported in 2012. Our results emphasize the value of hydroclimatic processes estimated by satellite remote sensing, as well as continued environmental surveillance of mosquitoes, because when a vector-borne infection like WNV is discovered in contiguous regions, the risk of spread of WNV mosquitoes increase at points where appropriate hydroclimatic processes intersect with the vector niche.

Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories Volume III: The vertebrata of the tertiary formations of the West Book I

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayden, F. V.

1884-01-01

I send herewith a report on the Tertiary Faunae of the United States as represented by collections made in various Territories and States west of the Mississippi River, embraced within the boundaries of your survey. The explorations from which the collections have been derived cover portions of the States and Territories included between British America on the north, the western boundaries of Minnesota and Missouri on the east; the northern borders of the Indian Territory and Arizona, and the middle of New Mexico on the south; and the Sierra Nevada on the west. The amount of material which I have procured through these explorations is large, and is but partially represented in the following pages. I trust that you will find the results a useful contribution to the records of your Geological Survey and to the science to which you have devoted your life ; and that you may find in this report some compensation for the arduous official duties which have recently withdrawn you to some degree from your chosen field of research.

U.S. Army Delayed Entry Program Optimization Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-08-01

United States Military Academy West Point, New York 10996 OPERATIONS RESEARCH CENTER OF EXCELLENCE TECHNICAL REPORT No. DSE-TR- 0428 DTIC #: ADAXXXXX...following entries: Author(s) Department of Systems Engineering 2 Mahan Hall West Point, NY 10996 Client USAAC CAR 4 1307 Third Ave., Fort Knox, KY 40121...Wolter, LTC Michael J. Kwinn, Jr., LTC John Halstead DSE-R- 0428 5S. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8

Locally acquired Dengue--Key West, Florida, 2009-2010.

PubMed

2010-05-21

Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease in the world, causing an estimated 50-100 million infections and 25,000 deaths each year. During 1946-1980, no cases of dengue acquired in the continental United States were reported. Since 1980, a few locally acquired U.S. cases have been confirmed along the Texas-Mexico border, temporally associated with large outbreaks in neighboring Mexican cities. On September 1, 2009, a New York physician notified the Monroe County (Florida) Health Department (MCHD) and the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) of a suspected dengue case in a New York state resident whose only recent travel was to Key West, Florida. CDC confirmed the diagnosis, and a press release was issued to notify the public and Key West physicians of the potential risk for locally acquired dengue infections. In the next 2 weeks, two dengue infections in Key West residents without recent travel were reported and confirmed. Subsequently, enhanced and active surveillance identified 24 more Key West cases during 2009. On April 13, 2010, another Key West dengue case was reported to FDOH, bringing the total to 28. This report describes the first three dengue cases reported in 2009, briefly summarizes the 2010 case, highlights preliminary findings from the ongoing investigation, and outlines measures used to mitigate and control the outbreak. Clinicians should include dengue in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses in patients who live in or have recently traveled to subtropical areas of the United States or to the tropics.

Fuels management in the Subtropical Mountains Division

Treesearch

James M. Guldin

2012-01-01

The heterogeneity of the forests west of the Mississippi River in the Southern United States is strongly influenced by physiography and topography. The west Gulf Coastal Plain of southern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, and eastern Texas features highly productive pine-dominated forests (Pinus spp.) on gentle terrain that are interspersed by major...

Trees for reclamation in the Eastern United States: a West Virginia perspective

Treesearch

James E. Pitsenbarger

1980-01-01

Traditionally, in West Virginia, trees have been an integral and important part of the reclamation program. Moreover with the advent of Public Law 95-87, it certainly would appear that trees are destined to play increasingly diverse and important roles in the field of reclamation.

Resolution of inter and intra-species relationships of the West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an economically important pest that inhabits areas of South and Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean with occasional infestations in the southern United States. We examine intra-specific variation within Anastre...

Domestic goose model for West Nile virus vaccine efficiency testing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emergent pathogen in the Americas, first reported in New York during 1999, and has since spread across the United States (USA), Central and South America causing neurological disease in humans, horses and some bird species, including domestic geese. No WNV vaccines are li...

West Nile Virus Isolation in Human and Mosquitoes, Mexico

PubMed Central

Elizondo-Quiroga, Darwin; Davis, C. Todd; Fernandez-Salas, Ildefonso; Escobar-Lopez, Roman; Olmos, Dolores Velasco; Gastalum, Lourdes Cecilia Soto; Acosta, Magaly Aviles; Elizondo-Quiroga, Armando; Gonzalez-Rojas, Jose I.; Cordero, Juan F. Contreras; Guzman, Hilda; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia; Blitvich, Bradley J.; Barrett, Alan D.T.; Beaty, Barry J.

2005-01-01

West Nile virus has been isolated for the first time in Mexico, from a sick person and from mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus). Partial sequencing and analysis of the 2 isolates indicate that they are genetically similar to other recent isolates from northern Mexico and the western United States. PMID:16229779

1. AERIAL VIEW TO WEST OF COAST GUARD AIR STATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. AERIAL VIEW TO WEST OF COAST GUARD AIR STATION SAN FRANCISCO, SHOWING ALL MAJOR BUILDINGS. 8X10 black and white silver gelatin print. United States Coast Guard, February 1962. - U.S. Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco, 1020 North Access Road, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

View looking west from the Justice Department Building to the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View looking west from the Justice Department Building to the Departmental Auditorium; note the uninterrupted cornice line along Constitution Avenue (this view is similar to HABS No. DC-809-1 (ct)) - United States Department of Justice, Constitution Avenue between Ninth & Tenth Streets, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

75 FR 29310 - Designation for the Muncie, IN; Fremont, NE; Maryland; and West Lafayette, IN Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-25

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration Designation for the Muncie, IN; Fremont, NE; Maryland; and West Lafayette, IN Areas AGENCY: Grain Inspection, Packers... the following organizations to provide official services under the United States Grain Standards Act...

Uneven-aged silviculture and management in the eastern United States: Proceedings of an In-Service Workshop; Morgantown, West Virginia; July 15-17, 1975

Treesearch

Warren T. Doolittle; A. P. Mustain; Carter B. Gibbs; David. A. Marquis; Barton M. Blum; Carl H. Tubbs; W. B. Leak; S. F. Gingrich; H. Clay Smith; Paul S. DeBald; LaMont G. Engle; Robert E. Phares

1975-01-01

The workshop, summarized in this Proceedings, represented a joint effort by personnel from Research, National Forest System, and State and Private Forestry, to review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the applicability of uneven-aged silviculture and management in the eastern United States. One major objective of this review was to develop a much better mutual...

Laminated Root Rot of Western Conifers

Treesearch

E.E. Nelson; N.E. Martin; R.E. Williams

1981-01-01

Laminated root rot is caused by the native fungus Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. It occurs throughout the Northwestern United States and in southern British Columbia, Canada. The disease has also been reported in Japan and Manchuria. In the United States, the pathogen is most destructive in pure Douglas-fir stands west of the crest of the Cascade Range in Washington...

History of Heterobasidion annosum in Western United States

Treesearch

Richard S. Smith Jr.

1989-01-01

H. annosum was first discovered as a root pathogen of pine in western United States by E. P. Meinecke in 1909. Other early researchers reported it as a root and butt decay of nonresinous conifers in the west. Olson demonstrated its pathogenicity to western conifers and Wagener and Cave described its occurrence and role in the eastside pine forests....

Modeling Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) habitat and climate change effects in the northwestern United States

Treesearch

Becky K. Kerns; Bridgett J. Naylor; Michelle Buonopane; Catherine G. Parks; Brendan Rogers

2009-01-01

Tamarisk species are shrubs or small trees considered by some to be among the most aggressively invasive and potentially detrimental exotic plants in the United States. Although extensively studied in the southern and interior west, northwestern (Oregon, Washington, and Idaho) distribution and habitat information for tamarisk is either limited or lacking. We obtained...

To designate the United States courthouse under construction at 98 West First Street, Yuma, Arizona, as the "John M. Roll United States Courthouse".

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-7

2011-02-09

02/10/2011 For Further Action See S.188. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see S.188, which became Public Law 112-2 on 2/17/2011. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Comparative Longitudinal Consumer Information Research in Germany and the United States. German Studies Notes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorelli, Hans B.; And Others

The paper presents the text of a business and economics session at a conference on recent sociopolitical and socioeconomic developments in West Germany and the United States. Intended as a contribution to the dialogue between the two societies, the paper focuses on differences between average and sophisticated consumers within each country and…

Human Resources and Corporate Strategy. Technological Change in Banks and Insurance Companies: France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bertrand, Olivier; Noyelle, Thierry

Twelve financial institutions (nine banks and three insurance companies) from five countries (France, West Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United States) were studied to determine the directions in which financial service markets and firms are moving as a result of increasing competition and technological change. Data were collected from…

78 FR 43854 - Designation for the Muncie, IN; Fremont, NE; Annapolis, MD; and West Lafayette, IN Areas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

... Grain Inspection, Inc. (Titus) to provide official services under the United States Grain Standards Act.... Comments were due by February 14, 2013. GIPSA received one comment from a grain company that used East... herein. Pursuant to Section 79(f)(2) of the United States Grain Standards Act, the following amended...

Engaging communities and climate change futures with Multi-Scale, Iterative Scenario Building (MISB) in the western United States

Treesearch

Daniel Murphy; Carina Wyborn; Laurie Yung; Daniel R. Williams; Cory Cleveland; Lisa Eby; Solomon Dobrowski; Erin Towler

2016-01-01

Current projections of future climate change foretell potentially transformative ecological changes that threaten communities globally. Using two case studies from the United States Intermountain West, this article highlights the ways in which a better articulation between theory and methods in research design can generate proactive applied tools that enable...

Disturbance and Climate Change in the Interior West (Chapter 6)

Treesearch

Paulette L. Ford; Jeanne K. Chambers; Sharon J. Coe; Burton C. Pendleton

2012-01-01

Within the continental United States, average annual temperature increased during the Twentieth Century by approximately 0.65 ºC. The most extreme warming occurred throughout the northern and western United States (IPCC 2007a; Williams and others 2010). Disturbances such as fire, drought, grazing, urbanization, and energy development are predicted to have a heightened...

Developing Leaders of Character at the United States Military Academy: A Relational Developmental Systems Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callina, Kristina Schmid; Ryan, Diane; Murray, Elise D.; Colby, Anne; Damon, William; Matthews, Michael; Lerner, Richard M.

2017-01-01

A paucity of literature exists on the processes of character development within diverse contexts. In this article, the authors use the United States Military Academy at West Point (USMA) as a sample case for understanding character development processes within an institution of higher education. The authors present a discussion of relational…

Quantifying Sleep and Performance of West Point Cadets: A Baseline Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

5. Table of reported average bedtimes (n= 991) and wakeup times (n=991) of those who reported their caffeine use for the 30 days prior to reporting...Military Academy at West Point, New York, cadets assume a rigorous schedule full of competing demands—military, athletic, and academic. This...they are operating with a degraded cognitive function. At the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, cadets assume a rigorous schedule

Electrical generating unit inventory, 1976-1986: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jansen, S.D.

1981-09-01

The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy research program. The ORBES region consists of all of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, substantial parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and southwestern Pennsylvania. The inventory lists installed electrical generating capacity in commercial service as of December 1, 1976, and scheduled capacity additions and removals between 1977 and 1986 in the six ORBES states (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia). The following information is included for each electrical generating unit: unit ID code, company index, whether joint or industrial ownership, plantmore » name, whether inside or outside the ORBES region, FIPS county code, type of unit, size in megawatts, type of megawatt rating, status of unit, date of commercial operation (actual or scheduled), scheduled retirement date (if any), primary fuel, alternate fuel, type of cooling, source of cooling water, and source of information.« less

Remnant fire disturbed montane longleaf pine forest in west central georgia

Treesearch

Robert Carter; Andrew J. Londo

2006-01-01

Fire disturbed ecosystems are characteristic of the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Less well known are fire disturbed mountainous regions of the Piedmont and Appalachian region that support longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) ecosystems. The Pine Mountain Range in the Piedmont of west central Georgia has remnant longleaf pine...

Domestic goose as a model for West Nile virus vaccine efficacy

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emergent pathogen in the Americas, first reported in New York during 1999, and has since spread across the United States (USA), Central and South America causing neurological disease in humans, horses and some bird species, including domestic geese. No WNV vaccines are li...

Retraining in Business German through the Goethe Institute in West Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clay, Gudrun; Schutte, Lilith

A college language instructor recounts his experience in a retraining program in business German at the West Germany's Goethe Institute. Twenty-eight individuals from the United States and from five European countries participated in a program that offered (1) a 14-day immersion into business-related German, (2) establishment of German business…

Year-round West Nile virus activity, Gulf Coast region, Texas and Louisiana.

PubMed

Tesh, Robert B; Parsons, Ray; Siirin, Marina; Randle, Yvonne; Sargent, Chris; Guzman, Hilda; Wuithiranyagool, Taweesak; Higgs, Stephen; Vanlandingham, Dana L; Bala, Adil A; Haas, Keith; Zerinque, Brian

2004-09-01

West Nile virus (WNV) was detected in 11 dead birds and two mosquito pools collected in east Texas and southern Louisiana during surveillance studies in the winter of 2003 to 2004. These findings suggest that WNV is active throughout the year in this region of the United States.

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on the whorled sunflower (Heilianthus verticillatus) in the southeast United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The whorled sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus (Small), is an endangered, herbaceous perennial plant endemic to limited small tracts of land in west Tennessee, east Alabama, and west Georgia. In October 2015, plants from wild populations in Georgia and Alabama exhibited small, circular brown, necro...

26. Photocopy of drawing August 30, 1951 (original in files ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Photocopy of drawing August 30, 1951 (original in files of United States Military Academy Architectural Archive, West Point, New York) CONVERSION OF ICE HOUSE TO WAREHOUSE, SECTIONS OF DOORS, WALLS, SILLS, CONCRETE PLATFORMS, RAMPS - U.S. Military Academy, Ice House, Mills Road at Howze Place, West Point, Orange County, NY

25. Photocopy of drawing, August 30, 1951 (original in files ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Photocopy of drawing, August 30, 1951 (original in files of United States Military Academy Architectural Archive, West Point, New York) CONVERSION OF ICE HOUSE TO WAREHOUSE, FRONT ELEVATION, SOUTH ELEVATION, PLAN, TRANSVERSE SECTION - U.S. Military Academy, Ice House, Mills Road at Howze Place, West Point, Orange County, NY

Benchmarking Teacher Education: What Can We Learn from the Military?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilmore, Elaine L.

This paper examines how the United States Military Academy at West Point produces consistently high standards of quality, discussing what teacher education can learn from the military. West Point's mission is to educate and train the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate shall have the attributes essential to professional growth throughout a…

Longest-Serving Active Paper Mill in the Western United States Uncovers New Ways to Save Energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2008-03-01

This case study describes how West Linn Paper Company's coated paper mill in West Linn, Oregon, saves nearly 58,200 MMBtu and $379,000 annually after receiving a DOE Save Energy Now energy assessment and implementing recommendations to improve the efficiency of its steam system.

Assessment of Arbovirus Surveillance 13 Years after Introduction of West Nile Virus, United States1

PubMed Central

Patel, Dhara; Nasci, Roger S.; Petersen, Lyle R.; Hughes, James M.; Bradley, Kristy; Etkind, Paul; Kan, Lilly; Engel, Jeffrey

2015-01-01

Before 1999, the United States had no appropriated funding for arboviral surveillance, and many states conducted no such surveillance. After emergence of West Nile virus (WNV), federal funding was distributed to state and selected local health departments to build WNV surveillance systems. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists conducted assessments of surveillance capacity of resulting systems in 2004 and in 2012; the assessment in 2012 was conducted after a 61% decrease in federal funding. In 2004, nearly all states and assessed local health departments had well-developed animal, mosquito, and human surveillance systems to monitor WNV activity and anticipate outbreaks. In 2012, many health departments had decreased mosquito surveillance and laboratory testing capacity and had no systematic disease-based surveillance for other arboviruses. Arboviral surveillance in many states might no longer be sufficient to rapidly detect and provide information needed to fully respond to WNV outbreaks and other arboviral threats (e.g., dengue, chikungunya). PMID:26079471

International Technology Transfer the Rope to Hang the West

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-28

order to provide awareness and appreciation of its importance to the security of the United States. DO R 1473 EOfTION OF V NOV 65 I.; OBSOLETE E - 7I... e Data Eme’e, USAWC MILITARY STUDIES PROGRAM PAPER INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER The Rope To Hang The West AN INDIVIDUAL STUDY PROJECT Intended...notably the Departments of State, Commerce and Defense), and other friendly nations at odds with each other over competing demands and parochial interests

Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruhlman, Jana; Gass, Leila; Middleton, Barry

2012-01-01

The Chihuahuan Desert is the largest of the North American deserts, extending from southern New Mexico and Texas deep into Mexico, with approximately 90 percent of its area falling south of the United States–Mexico border (Lowe, 1964, p. 24). The Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion covers approximately 174,472 km2 (67,364 mi2) within the United States, including much of west Texas, southern New Mexico, and a small portion of southeastern Arizona (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is generally oriented from northwest to southeast, with the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion to the west; the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau, Southwestern Tablelands, and Western High Plains Ecoregions to the north; and the Edwards Plateau and Southern Texas Plains Ecoregions to the east (fig. 1).

Sociocultural dimensions of supply and demand for natural aggregate; examples from the Mid-Atlantic region, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robinson, Gilpin R.; Brown, William M.

2002-01-01

The United States uses large quantities of natural aggregate to build and maintain a continuously expanding infrastructure. In recent years, per capita demand for aggregate in the United States has grown to about 9.7 metric tons (10.7 tons) per person per year. Over the next 25 years, the aggregate industry expects to mine quantities equivalent to all aggregate mined in the United States over the past 100 years. The issues surrounding supply and demand for aggregate in the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia illustrate competing requirements for industrial minerals and many simultaneous social and environmental objectives.

The Asian and Pacific Islander Population in the United States: Population Characteristics, March 1999. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humes, Karen; McKinnon, Jesse

This report presents data on demographic, social, and economic characteristics of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau collected this information in the March 1999 supplement to the Current Population Survey. Topics include: geographic distribution (most Asians and Pacific Islanders live in the West in…

Capital Investment and Market Segmentation: Making Movies for Mormon Audiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Newell D.; Larsen, Val

2014-01-01

Is there a commercially viable market in the United States for movies made for Mormons? David "Dutch" Richards, a graduate of Brigham Young University's School of Film, thinks there is. He believes that in the Western United States, especially in Utah and the Intermountain West, there are enough Mormons who would pay to watch a film by,…

Relating adaptive genetic traits to climate for Sandberg bluegrass from the intermountain western United States

Treesearch

Richard C. Johnson; Matthew E. Horning; Erin Espeland; Ken Vance-Borland

2015-01-01

Genetic variation for potentially adaptive traits of the key restoration species Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) was assessed over the intermountain western United States in relation to source population climate. Common gardens were established at two intermountain west sites with progeny from two maternal parents from each of 130 wild populations. Data were...

Farm Population of the United States: 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banks, Vera J.; Mills, Karen M.

1983-01-01

According to estimates prepared by the Bureau of the Census and the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, the 1982 farm population of 5,620,000, or 2.4% of the national population, continued a long downward trend. About 45% of farm residents lived in the North Central region, 35% in the South, 13% in the West,…

Effects of forest regrowth and urbanization on ecosystem carbon storage in a rural–urban gradient in the Southeastern United States

Treesearch

Chi Zhang; Hanqin Tian; Shufen Pan; Mingliang Liu; Graeme Lockaby; Erik B. Schilling; John Stanturf

2008-01-01

Forest regrowth after cropland abandonment and urban sprawl are two counteracting processes that have influenced carbon (C) sequestration in the southeastern United States in recent decades. In this study, we examined patterns of land-use/landcover change and their effect on ecosystem C storage in three west Georgia counties (Muscogee,...

Transcontinental wilderness survey: comparing perceptions between wilderness users in the eastern and western United States

Treesearch

Nicholas Palso; Alan Graefe

2008-01-01

This study explores the differences in perceptions of wilderness between recreationists in the Eastern United States and those from the West, with a focus on definitions of wilderness areas and factors that may decrease enjoyment of the wilderness experience. The few studies performed on this comparison over the past 25 years have produced inconsistent results and...

Enduring Lessons of Justice from the World War II Japanese American Internment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallavan, Nancy P.; Roberts, Teresa A.

2005-01-01

In 1942, less than four months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent United States entry into World War II , nearly 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry living along the west coast of the United States were ordered to evacuate their homes and sent to internment camps. The evacuees, separated from their extended families, former…

Is the western United States running out of trees?

Treesearch

J. Shaw; J. Long

2014-01-01

During the past 2 decades, the forests of the Interior West of the United States have been impacted by drought, insects, disease, and fire. When considered over periods of 5-10 years, many forest types have experienced periods of negative net growth, meaning that mortality exceeded gross growth at the population scale. While many of these changes have been attributed...

Climate change in grasslands, shrublands, and deserts of the interior American West: a review and needs assessment

Treesearch

Deborah M. Finch

2012-01-01

Recent research and species distribution modeling predict large changes in the distributions of species and vegetation types in the western interior of the United States in response to climate change. This volume reviews existing climate models that predict species and vegetation changes in the western United States, and it synthesizes knowledge about climate change...

Regional and seasonal response of a West Nile virus vector to climate change.

PubMed

Morin, Cory W; Comrie, Andrew C

2013-09-24

Climate change will affect the abundance and seasonality of West Nile virus (WNV) vectors, altering the risk of virus transmission to humans. Using downscaled general circulation model output, we calculate a WNV vector's response to climate change across the southern United States using process-based modeling. In the eastern United States, Culex quinquefasciatus response to projected climate change displays a latitudinal and elevational gradient. Projected summer population depressions as a result of increased immature mortality and habitat drying are most severe in the south and almost absent further north; extended spring and fall survival is ubiquitous. Much of California also exhibits a bimodal pattern. Projected onset of mosquito season is delayed in the southwestern United States because of extremely dry and hot spring and summers; however, increased temperature and late summer and fall rains extend the mosquito season. These results are unique in being a broad-scale calculation of the projected impacts of climate change on a WNV vector. The results show that, despite projected widespread future warming, the future seasonal response of C. quinquefasciatus populations across the southern United States will not be homogeneous, and will depend on specific combinations of local and regional conditions.

United States Marine Corps; (USMC) KC-130J Tanker Replacement Requirements and Cost/Benefit Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

and Williams, Thomas A.; An Introduction to Management Science, 8th Edition, West Publishing Company, 1997, p. 506. 15 aircraft. However, the...Section #2, p. 24. 23 Anderson, David R., Sweeney, Dennis J., and Williams, Thomas A.; An Introduction to Management Science, 8,h Edition, West... Introduction to Management Science, 8’k Edition, West Publishing Company, 1997, p. 535. 24 supports the simulation model can gather an average for

The discovery and character of Pleistocene calcrete uranium deposits in the Southern High Plains of west Texas, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Van Gosen, Bradley S.; Hall, Susan M.

2017-12-18

This report describes the discovery and geology of two near-surface uranium deposits within calcareous lacustrine strata of Pleistocene age in west Texas, United States. Calcrete uranium deposits have not been previously reported in the United States. The west Texas uranium deposits share characteristics with some calcrete uranium deposits in Western Australia—uranium-vanadium minerals hosted by nonpedogenic calcretes deposited in saline lacustrine environments.In the mid-1970s, Kerr-McGee Corporation conducted a regional uranium exploration program in the Southern High Plains province of the United States, which led to the discovery of two shallow uranium deposits (that were not publicly reported). With extensive drilling, Kerr-McGee delineated one deposit of about 2.1 million metric tons of ore with an average grade of 0.037 percent U3O8 and another deposit of about 0.93 million metric tons of ore averaging 0.047 percent U3O8.The west-Texas calcrete uranium-vanadium deposits occur in calcareous, fine-grained sediments interpreted to be deposited in saline lakes formed during dry interglacial periods of the Pleistocene. The lakes were associated with drainages upstream of a large Pleistocene lake. Age determinations of tephra in strata adjacent to one deposit indicate the host strata is middle Pleistocene in age.Examination of the uranium-vanadium mineralization by scanning-electron microscopy indicated at least two generations of uranium-vanadium deposition in the lacustrine strata identified as carnotite and a strontium-uranium-vanadium mineral. Preliminary uranium-series results indicate a two-component system in the host calcrete, with early lacustrine carbonate that was deposited (or recrystallized) about 190 kilo-annum, followed much later by carnotite-rich crusts and strontium-uranium-vanadium mineralization in the Holocene (about 5 kilo-annum). Differences in initial 234U/238U activity ratios indicate two separate, distinct fluid sources.

The work-family interface in the United States and Singapore: conflict across cultures.

PubMed

Galovan, Adam M; Fackrell, Tamara; Buswell, Lydia; Jones, Blake L; Hill, E Jeffrey; Carroll, Sarah June

2010-10-01

This article examines the work-family interface in a cross-cultural comparison between two nationally representative samples from the United States (n = 1,860) and Singapore (n = 1,035) with emphasis on work-family conflict. Family-to-work conflict was negatively related to marital satisfaction in both Singapore and the United States, although the effect was stronger in the United States. Similarly, family-to-work conflict was positively related to job satisfaction in the United States but was negatively related in Singapore. As expected, schedule flexibility was negatively related to depression in the United States, but in Singapore the relationship was positive. These findings suggest that theoretical relationships in the work-family interface developed in the more culturally individualistic West may need to be adapted when studying populations in the more collectivist East.

West nile virus disease and other arboviral diseases - United States, 2011.

PubMed

2012-07-13

Arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. Symptomatic infections most often manifest as a systemic febrile illness and, less commonly, as neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis). West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States. However, several other arboviruses also cause seasonal outbreaks and sporadic cases. In 2011, CDC received reports of 871 cases of nationally notifiable arboviral diseases (excluding dengue); etiological agents included WNV (712 cases), La Crosse virus (LACV) (130), Powassan virus (POWV) (16), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) (six), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) (four), and Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) (three). Of these, 624 (72%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 population. WNV and other arboviruses continue to cause focal outbreaks and severe illness in substantial numbers of persons in the United States.

Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Castleberry, S.B.; Castleberry, N.L.; Wood, P.B.; Ford, W.M.; Mengak, M.T.

2003-01-01

Previous research has indicated fewer host-specific ectoparasites on woodrats of the eastern United States as compared to western woodrat species. The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of conservation concern that is associated with rocky habitats in the Appalachian and Interior Highland regions in the eastern United States. We examined Allegheny woodrat flea parasites in the core of the distribution to further elucidate patterns of ectoparasite host specificity in woodrats of the eastern United States. Of 346 fleas collected from 62 Allegheny woodrats, all but 1 were identified as Orchopeas pennsylvanicus. The single exception was a male Epitedia cavernicola, which represents only the second collection of this species from West Virginia. Unlike the eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana), which hosts a variety of generalist flea parasites, Allegheny woodrats in our study were host to only 2 flea species, both of which are host specific to woodrats. We suggest that flea host specificity may be related to the specific habitat requirements of this species.

A foot in both worlds: education and the transformation of Chinese medicine in the United States.

PubMed

Flesch, Hannah

2013-01-01

Although insufficiently studied, schools of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provide substantial insight into the transformation of medicine in the United States. Scholars have suggested that the increasing acceptance of CAM is due to its alignment with biomedical models of professionalization, education, research, and practice. At West Coast University, students of acupuncture and Oriental medicine learn to straddle both Western and Eastern medical worlds through an increasingly science-oriented curriculum and the inculcation of professional values associated with West Coast University's emphasis upon integration with Western medicine as a means of achieving professional status and legitimacy vis-à-vis the dominant biomedical paradigm. The implications of integration with biomedicine for the identity of Chinese medicine are discussed: from the perspective of critical medical anthropology, integration reproduces biomedical hegemony; paving the way toward co-optation of Chinese medicine, the subordination of its practitioners, and, ultimately, the constraint of medical pluralism in the United States.

The West Indian Americans. The New Americans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henke, Holger

This book, which is part of a series on new immigrant groups in the United States, captures the experiences of West Indian Americans who have arrived in the country since 1965. The seven chapters include: (1) "History of Jamaica and the English-Speaking Caribbean" (e.g., from plantation society to the third world and the Creolization of…

The Affect of Drug Trafficking in West Africa on the National Security Interests of the United States of America

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

officials at all levels in this criminal activity inhibits a complete assessment and resolution of the problem. Guinea-Bissau’s political systems remain......seizures in West Africa are currently less than the peak levels several years ago, it is assessed that the cocaine trafficking between South America and

Forest susceptibility to the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Douglas A. Mason; Renate R. Bush

1997-01-01

Since 1868 or 1869, when it was introduced near Boston, the gypsy moth has been slowly expanding its range to include the entire northeastern United States and portions of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, and Michigan (Liebhold et al. 1992, 1996). It is inevitable that the gypsy moth will continue to spread south and west over the next century.

West Nile Virus Fitness Costs in Different Mosquito Species.

PubMed

Coffey, Lark L; Reisen, William K

2016-06-01

West Nile virus (WNV) remains an important public health problem causing annual epidemics in the United States. Grubaugh et al. observed that WNV genetic divergence is dependent on the vector mosquito species. This suggests that specific WNV vector-bird species pairings may generate novel genotypes that could promote outbreaks. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Forest statistics for West Virginia: 1989 and 2000

Treesearch

Douglas M. Griffith; Richard H. Widmann

2003-01-01

A statistical report on the fifth forest inventory of West Virginia conducted in 2000 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the Northeastern Research Station. Statistics for forest area, numbers of trees, tree biomass, timber volume, growth, and change are displayed at the state and, where appropriate, the county level. The current inventory indicates that there...

A synopsis of the wood-based energy and heating industries in the northeastern United States with consideration of potential impacts on future demand for roundwood

Treesearch

Jan Wiedenback; Chuck D. Ray; Li. Ma

2011-01-01

The project team identified 323 facilities in the northeastern United States that input pulpwood or "energy wood." Of these, 88 are located in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, part of the central hardwood forest region. In the 13-state northeastern region, 81 percent of the facilities that use pulp-type roundwood produce an energy-related product. For...

Assessing the Risks of West Nile Virus–Infected Mosquitoes from Transatlantic Aircraft: Implications for Disease Emergence in the United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Brown, Eleanor B.E.; Adkin, Amie; Fooks, Anthony R.; Stephenson, Ben; Medlock, Jolyon M.

2012-01-01

Abstract The number of West Nile virus (WNV)–infected mosquitoes aboard aircraft from the United States that arrive in the United Kingdom each summer was determined using a quantitative risk assessment. In the worst-case scenario, when WNV levels in mosquitoes are high (at epidemic levels) the probability of at least one WNV-infected mosquito being introduced into the United Kingdom was predicted to be 0.99. During these periods, a mean of 5.2 infected mosquitoes were estimated to be aboard flights from the United States to the United Kingdom during May to October, with 90% certainty that the exact value lies between one and ten mosquitoes. Heathrow airport was predicted to receive the majority of the infected mosquitoes (72.1%). Spatial analysis revealed the region surrounding Heathrow satisfies the criteria for potential WNV exposure as both WNV-competent mosquitoes and susceptible wild bird species are present. This region is, therefore, recommended for targeted, risk-based surveillance of WNV-infected mosquitoes in addition to an increased awareness of the risks to horses, birds and humans. PMID:22217181

West Virginia hospital preparedness: vision for the future.

PubMed

Rose, D William; Shorr, Terry; Veazey, Amy Johnson

2006-01-01

The ability of hospitals to respond to individuals who have been chemically contaminated or victims of biologic warfare has been limited. This article reviews the current state of readiness of West Virginia hospitals and how new requirements have resulted in better preparedness for future events. Increased isolation capacity, hospital decontamination units and stockpiling of medications, forward deployment of chemical antidotes, electronic disease surveillance, and advanced credentialing of medical personnel are all key components in the overall plan for the state's preparedness.

West Nile virus activity--United States, January 1-December 1, 2005.

PubMed

2005-12-16

West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the United States. Originally discovered in Africa in 1937, WNV was first detected in the western hemisphere in 1999 in New York City. Since then it has caused seasonal epidemics of febrile illness and severe neurologic disease. During January 1-December 1, 2005, a total of 2,744 cases of WNV disease in humans were reported in the United States, an increase from 2,359 during the same period in 2004. A total of 1,165 cases were WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND). WNV infections in humans, birds, mosquitoes, and nonhuman mammals are reported to CDC through ArboNET, an Internet-based arbovirus surveillance system managed by state health departments and CDC. During 2005, WNV transmission to humans or animals expanded into 21 counties that had not previously reported transmission and recurred in 1,196 counties where transmission had been reported in previous years. This report summarizes provisional WNV surveillance data through December 1, 2005, and highlights the need for ongoing surveillance, mosquito control, promotion of personal protection from mosquito bites, and research into additional prevention strategies.

America's Changing Population: Demographic Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Peter A.

1981-01-01

Surveys the importance of migration trends in the United States away from the Northeastern urban areas into the sunbelt states of the West and Southwest. Emphasis is placed on ways in which this demographic transformation disturbs social, economic, and political arrangements. (DB)

Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in feral horses on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Franson, J. Christian; Hofmeister, Erik K.; Collins, Gail H.; Dusek, Robert J.

2011-01-01

We screened 1,397 feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States, for IgM and IgG against flavivirus during 2004–2006, 2008, and 2009. Positive serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). One animal was positive for antibody against WNV in 2004, but all others tested in 2004–2006 were negative. In 2008 and 2009, we found evidence of increasing seropositive horses with age, whereas seroprevalence of WNV decreased from 19% in 2008 to 7.2% in 2009. No horses were positive for antibody against SLEV. Being unvaccinated, feral horses can be useful for WNV surveillance.

Weekend Warriors for Water: Combating Water Scarcity in West Africa with United States Army National Guard and Reserve Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

if leveraged appropriately. Primary Research Question Water scarcity issues affect many areas of the world and are expected to become a significant... water scarcity in West Africa and the RC leads us to the primary research question, "should the DOD leverage existing RC programs over the next ten...RC in combating water scarcity in West Africa without becoming the primary stakeholder in any particular program. Secondary Research Questions

The United States of America and The People’s Republic of China in Africa: Promoting Stability or Chaos

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-15

alternative to Middle Eastern sources. The US’ preoccupation with “energy security” makes some African countries, especially Nigeria in West Africa, very...that US oil supplies from West Africa will increase to 25 percent by 2015. This would surpass US oil imports from the entire Persian Gulf. Studies...indicate that the greatest increase in oil production globally in the next decade is likely to come from West Africa, and the US is following this trend

Patterns of Forest invertebrates Along an Acidic Deposition Gradient in the Midwestern United States

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack

1996-01-01

The Ohio Corridor Study (OCS) was designed to detect possible effects of acidic deposition on oak-hickory (Quercus-Carya) forests in the midwestem United States. There was one study site in Arkansas, and two each in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Estimates of total sulfate deposition have generally increased about two-fold from west (Arkansas) to east (Ohio) during the...

To designate the United States courthouse located at 222 West 7th Avenue in Anchorage, Alaska, as the "James M. Fitzgerald United States Courthouse".

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large

2011-10-13

House - 10/14/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see S.1710, which became Public Law 112-101 on 3/14/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Is nut cold tolerance a limitation to the restoration of American chestnut in the northeastern United States?

Treesearch

Paul G. Schaberg; Kendra M. Gurney; Benjamin R. Janes; Joshua M. Halman; Gary J. Hawley

2009-01-01

American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once a dominant hardwood species in the eastern United States, growing from Maine to Georgia and west to the Ohio Valley (Harlow et al. 1979). Arguably, American chestnut may have been the most important hardwood species in North America, renowned for its quick growth, massive size, and great utility (Harlow...

A bill to designate the United States courthouse located at 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, Alaska, as the Robert Boochever United States Courthouse.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Begich, Mark [D-AK

2012-03-29

Senate - 12/27/2012 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 576. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.4347, which became Public Law 112-187 on 10/5/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

78 FR 79008 - Notice of Lodging of Proposed Consent Decree under the Clean Water Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Notice of Lodging of Proposed Consent Decree under the Clean Water Act On December 19, 2013, the Department of Justice lodged a proposed Consent Decree with the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut in the lawsuit entitled United States v. City of West Haven, Connecticut, Civil Action No. 3:13-cv-0188...

Putting the Critical Back in Critical Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

site assessments) with private sector partners and local utilities and associations such as the AWRA and AWWA. Oil  and  Gas  Industry—regulatory...Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • United States Virgin Islands • Utah • Vermont • Virginia...United States Virgin Islands 0 Utah 0 Vermont 0 Virginia 2 Washington 8 West Virginia 0 Wisconsin 1 Wyoming 0

Environmental Assessment: West Coast Basing of C-17 Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

will not be regionally significant by United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, will not exceed de minimis thresholds, and that a...emissions for criteria pollutants will not be regionally significant by United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, will not exceed de minimis...would not exceed de minimis thresholds, and that a Conformity Determination would not be required. MTRs. Emissions from C-17 operations on the

Correlation of West Nile Virus Incidence in Donated Blood with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease Rates, United States, 2010-2012.

PubMed

Betsem, Edouard; Kaidarova, Zhanna; Stramer, Susan L; Shaz, Beth; Sayers, Merlyn; LeParc, German; Custer, Brian; Busch, Michael P; Murphy, Edward L

2017-02-01

Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread across the United States. We aggregated blood donor data from 2010-2012 and then calculated the incidence of WNV RNA-positive donations and compared the incidence with neuroinvasive disease (NID) case data from the ArboNET surveillance system. Of 10,107,853 donations, 640 were confirmed positive. The seasonal WNV incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 33.4 (95% CI 22-45) in 2010, 25.7 (95% CI 15-34) in 2011, and 119.9 (95% CI 98-141) in 2012. NID to blood donor ratios were 1 in 164 (95% CI 152-178) in 2010, 1 in 158 (95% CI 145-174) in 2011, and 1 in 131 (95% CI 127-136) in 2012. We updated estimates of the ratio of NID to WNV infection rates, demonstrating stable disease penetrance over the study period. Blood donor WNV RNA screening is a valuable public health tool for WNV surveillance.

Satisfaction with Community Services in Northern West Virginia. Bulletin 649, October 1976.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuehn, John P.

Study objectives were to determine the levels of satisfaction with selected community services in an 11-county area of northern West Virginia (3 representative sites) and to compare these levels to those of 12 other selected sites in the non-metropolitan northeastern United States. A total of 2,141 questionnaires was completed, 295 of which came…

My American Dream: The Interplay Between Structure and Agency in West African Immigrants' Educational Experiences in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knight, Michelle G.; Roegman, Rachel; Edstrom, Lisa

2016-01-01

This article presents findings of a qualitative, interpretive case study of the experiences of 1.5- and 2nd-generation West African immigrants who self-identify as pursuing the American Dream, defined by them as academic attainment and career success. Employing structuration theory, the authors examine the interplay between structures and agency…

Genetic relatedness of dengue viruses in Key West, Florida, USA, 2009-2010.

PubMed

Muñoz-Jordán, Jorge L; Santiago, Gilberto A; Margolis, Harold; Stark, Lillian

2013-04-01

Sequencing of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) strains isolated in Key West/Monroe County, Florida, indicate endemic transmission for >2 years of a distinct and predominant sublineage of the American-African genotype. DENV-1 strains isolated elsewhere in Florida grouped within a separate Central American lineage. Findings indicate endemic transmission of DENV into the continental United States.

Restorative Justice in U.S. Schools: Summary Findings from Interviews with Experts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guckenburg, Sarah; Hurley, Nancy; Persson, Hannah; Fronius, Trevor; Petrosino, Anthony

2015-01-01

This report is part of a larger body of work by the WestEd Justice and Prevention Research Center focusing on restorative justice (RJ) as an alternative to traditional responses to student misbehavior in schools across the United States. This work seeks to document the current breadth of evidence on the subject, provide a more comprehensive…

Merchandizer: Adapting USLYCOWG to the Marketplace

Treesearch

1984-01-01

USLYCOWG is a computer model that estimates yields in cubic feet per acre from unthinned slash and loblolly pine plantations established on cutover sites in the West Gulf states. However, most stumpage in the West Gulf region is sold in other volumetric units, such as cords, tons, and board feet, or by weight. A series of computer routines has been developed that...

Population Replacement and Immigrant Adaptation: New Issues Facing the West. Impact of Immigration in California, Policy Discussion Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Espenshade, Thomas J.

The low fertility of Western industrial nations is likely to become a permanent condition; in the absence of immigration, populations with below-replacement fertility will eventually decline in size. But at the same time fertility is declining, international migration to the West is accelerating. Legal immigration to the United States rose from…

Migration patterns of the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum on the West Coast of the United States of America

Treesearch

S. Prospero; N.J. Grünwald; L.M. Winton; E.M. Hansen

2009-01-01

Phytophthora ramorum (oomycetes) is the causal agent of sudden oak death and ramorum blight on trees, shrubs, and woody ornamentals in the forests of coastal California and southwestern Oregon and in nurseries of California, Oregon, and Washington. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of P. ramorum on the West...

Thai East-West Community College Workshop (Bangkok, Thailand, November 20-27, 2001). A Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Community Colleges for International Development, Inc.

This is a report on a workshop held in Hawaii with representatives from United States community college and the Thai Ministry of Education to help form the East-West Consortium for Community College Development in Thailand. Recommendations from the workshop included plans for a U.S. community college training team to visit Thailand and help begin…

Ecosystem nutrient responses to chronic nittogen inputs at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia

Treesearch

Frank S. ​Gilliam; Mary Beth Adams; Bradley M. Yurish

1996-01-01

Among the current environmental concerns for forests of the eastern United States is nitrogen (N) saturation, a result of excessive inputs of N associated with acidic deposition. We studied nutrient responses on N-treated and untreated watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, to test for evidence of N saturation on the treated watershed. The...

"It Could Affect You as a Person, Character-Wise": Promoting Character Development and Preventing Sexual Violence at West Point

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arbeit, Miriam R.

2017-01-01

The United States Military Academy at West Point develops cadets into "leaders of character" who will become Army officers. This focus on character presents an opportunity for the prevention of sexual violence through an emphasis on military values. Using constructivist grounded theory, this study examined how cadets experience their own…

United States History in the Secondary School. Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Point Pleasant Beach Board of Education, NJ.

This is one unit of the series described in SO 000 378. Agriculture is the broad term applied to such widely divergent topics as America's settlement, the West in American History, rural culture and philosophy, and government planning as it affects the American Farmer. The specific objectives of this unit are to help students to understand these…

Government financial support for civil aircraft research, technology and development in four European countries and the United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chandler, B.; Golaszewski, R.; Patten, C.; Rudman, B.; Scott, R.

1980-01-01

Data on the levels of government financial support for civil aircraft airframe and engine (CAAE) research and technology (R&T) in the United States and Europe (United Kingdom, West Germany, France and The Netherlands) and means of comparing these levels are provided. Data are presented for the years 1974-1977. European R&T expenditure data were obtained through visits to each of the four European countries, to the Washington office of the European Communities, and by a search of applicable literature. CAAE R&T expenditure data for the United States were obtained from NASA and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

The Model U.N. Program: Teaching Unreality. A United Nations Assessment Project Study. The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 282.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gulick, Thomas G.; Merkle, Melanie L.

An evaluation of the instructional materials used by high school and college students who participated in the Model United Nations Program showed that the program is uncritical of the United Nations (U.N.) and biased against the United States and the West in general. These materials are strongly promoted by many prominent educational professional…

Inadequate Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria Among Travelers Returning from Africa During the Ebola Epidemic--United States, 2014-2015.

PubMed

Tan, Kathrine R; Cullen, Karen A; Koumans, Emilia H; Arguin, Paul M

2016-01-22

Among 1,683 persons in the United States who developed malaria following international travel during 2012, more than half acquired disease in one of 16 countries in West Africa. Since March 2014, West Africa has experienced the world's largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola), primarily affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia; in 2014, approximately 20,000 Ebola cases were reported. Both Ebola and malaria are often characterized by fever and malaise and can be clinically indistinguishable, especially early in the course of disease. Immediate laboratory testing is critical for diagnosis of both Ebola and malaria, so that appropriate lifesaving treatment can be initiated. CDC recommends prompt malaria testing of patients with fever and history of travel to an area that is endemic for malaria, using blood smear microscopy, with results available within a few hours. Empiric treatment of malaria is not recommended by CDC. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is recommended to diagnose Ebola. During the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, CDC received reports of delayed laboratory testing for malaria in travelers returning to the United States because of infection control concerns related to Ebola. CDC reviewed documented calls to its malaria consultation service and selected three patient cases to present as examples of deficiencies in the evaluation and treatment of malaria among travelers returning from Africa during the Ebola epidemic.

Transit traverse in Missouri, 1900-1937. Part 8, West-central Missouri, 1906-37

USGS Publications Warehouse

Staack, John G.

1940-01-01

This bulletin, which for convenience is to be published in eight parts, contains the results of all transit traverse* done In Missouri through 1937 by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, including those heretofore published. (See page X.) Each of the parts deals with one of eight sections into which the State has been divided for this purpose and which have been designated northeastern, northwestern, southeastern, southwestern, central, east-central, south-central, and west-central Missouri. In each part descriptions of the points for which geodetic positions have been determined are listed according to the quadrangles in which the points occur. Results of transit traverse other than that done by the Geological Survey have not been included.West-central Missouri, as the term is used in this bulletin and as the subject of part 8 of the bulletin, is that section of the State lying between latitudes 38°00' and 39°30' and west of longitude 93°30'.

Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: air pollution exposures.

PubMed

Spengler, J D; Koutrakis, P; Dockery, D W; Raizenne, M; Speizer, F E

1996-05-01

Air pollution measurements were conducted over a 1-year period in 24 North American communities participating in a respiratory health study. Ozone, particle strong acidity, sulfate, and mass (PM10 and PM2.1) were measured in all communities. In 20 of the communities, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous acid, and particulate nitrate were measured. The sampler was located centrally in the community whenever possible and samples were collected every other day. Concentrations of particle strong acidity, mass, sulfate, and ozone were highly correlated both in the region of the country defined as a high-sulfur source area and in the downwind transport regions. These regions of the eastern United States and southern Canada experienced the greatest particle strong acidity, sulfate, and particle mass concentrations during the spring and summer months (May-September). The particle strong acidity concentrations were highest in regions close to the high sulfur emission areas of the United States; that is, in the area immediately to the west of the Appalachian Plateau and west of the Allegheny Mountains (western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia) up through southern Ontario. The frequency of particle strong acidity events decreased with transport distance from the region of highest sulfur emissions. Low particle strong acidity and sulfates were found at the western and midwestern sites of both the United States and Canada. Substantial concentrations of nitric acid were found in two of the California sites as well as many sites in the northeastern portion of the United States. Sites selected for the epidemiologic study provide a range of annual mean particle strong acidity exposures from below the limit of detection to more than 50 nmol/m3.

Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: air pollution exposures.

PubMed Central

Spengler, J D; Koutrakis, P; Dockery, D W; Raizenne, M; Speizer, F E

1996-01-01

Air pollution measurements were conducted over a 1-year period in 24 North American communities participating in a respiratory health study. Ozone, particle strong acidity, sulfate, and mass (PM10 and PM2.1) were measured in all communities. In 20 of the communities, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous acid, and particulate nitrate were measured. The sampler was located centrally in the community whenever possible and samples were collected every other day. Concentrations of particle strong acidity, mass, sulfate, and ozone were highly correlated both in the region of the country defined as a high-sulfur source area and in the downwind transport regions. These regions of the eastern United States and southern Canada experienced the greatest particle strong acidity, sulfate, and particle mass concentrations during the spring and summer months (May-September). The particle strong acidity concentrations were highest in regions close to the high sulfur emission areas of the United States; that is, in the area immediately to the west of the Appalachian Plateau and west of the Allegheny Mountains (western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia) up through southern Ontario. The frequency of particle strong acidity events decreased with transport distance from the region of highest sulfur emissions. Low particle strong acidity and sulfates were found at the western and midwestern sites of both the United States and Canada. Substantial concentrations of nitric acid were found in two of the California sites as well as many sites in the northeastern portion of the United States. Sites selected for the epidemiologic study provide a range of annual mean particle strong acidity exposures from below the limit of detection to more than 50 nmol/m3. Images p492-a Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. PMID:8743436

National Security and Immigration Policy: Reclaiming Terms, Measuring Success, and Setting Priorities

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-31

Catholic Bishops. + Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York and Lieutenant Colonel...detailed form explaining their affiliations and travel history, and undergo consular interviews. In addition, the United States instituted new ...completed, but the task assumed a new life following the September 11th attacks. By the end of 2005, DHS had instituted “entry” (check-in

Using geochemical and statistical tools to identify irrigated areas that might contain high selenium concentrations in surface water

USGS Publications Warehouse

Naftz, David L.

1996-01-01

Irrigated agriculture has a long history in the Western United States, beginning with Native American Indians. After passage of the Reclamation Act of 1902, the United States Government began building and subsidizing irrigation projects to foster settlement and development of the arid and semi-arid areas of the Western United States (National Research Council, 1989). Precipitation in the mountainous areas of the West (fig. 1) is stored in reservoirs and used for irrigation of farmland. With the development of irrigated agriculture, unforeseen environmental problems have occurred.

In Defense of Education's "Wild West": Charter Schools Thrive in the Four Corners States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ladner, Matthew

2018-01-01

The point at which the corners of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah meet is the only spot in the United States where the borders of four states converge. Beyond geography, the Four Corners states share a similar approach to charter schooling. All four states have adopted relatively freewheeling authorization policies, and charter schools…

The lion in West Africa is critically endangered.

PubMed

Henschel, Philipp; Coad, Lauren; Burton, Cole; Chataigner, Beatrice; Dunn, Andrew; MacDonald, David; Saidu, Yohanna; Hunter, Luke T B

2014-01-01

The African lion has declined to <35,000 individuals occupying 25% of its historic range. The situation is most critical for the geographically isolated populations in West Africa, where the species is considered regionally endangered. Elevating their conservation significance, recent molecular studies establish the genetic distinctiveness of West and Central African lions from other extant African populations. Interventions to save West African lions are urgently required. However formulating effective conservation strategies has been hampered by a lack of data on the species' current distribution, status, and potential management deficiencies of protected areas (PAs) harboring lions. Our study synthesized available expert opinion and field data to close this knowledge gap, and formulate recommendations for the conservation of West African lions. We undertook lion surveys in 13 large (>500 km²) PAs and compiled evidence of lion presence/absence for a further eight PAs. All PAs were situated within Lion Conservation Units, geographical units designated as priority lion areas by wildlife experts at a regional lion conservation workshop in 2005. Lions were confirmed in only 4 PAs, and our results suggest that only 406 (273-605) lions remain in West Africa, representing <250 mature individuals. Confirmed lion range is estimated at 49,000 km², or 1.1% of historical range in West Africa. PAs retaining lions were larger than PAs without lions and had significantly higher management budgets. We encourage revision of lion taxonomy, to recognize the genetic distinctiveness of West African lions and highlight their potentially unique conservation value. Further, we call for listing of the lion as critically endangered in West Africa, under criterion C2a(ii) for populations with <250 mature individuals. Finally, considering the relative poverty of lion range states in West Africa, we call for urgent mobilization of investment from the international community to assist range states to increase management effectiveness of PAs retaining lions.

The Lion in West Africa Is Critically Endangered

PubMed Central

Henschel, Philipp; Coad, Lauren; Burton, Cole; Chataigner, Beatrice; Dunn, Andrew; MacDonald, David; Saidu, Yohanna; Hunter, Luke T. B.

2014-01-01

The African lion has declined to <35,000 individuals occupying 25% of its historic range. The situation is most critical for the geographically isolated populations in West Africa, where the species is considered regionally endangered. Elevating their conservation significance, recent molecular studies establish the genetic distinctiveness of West and Central African lions from other extant African populations. Interventions to save West African lions are urgently required. However formulating effective conservation strategies has been hampered by a lack of data on the species' current distribution, status, and potential management deficiencies of protected areas (PAs) harboring lions. Our study synthesized available expert opinion and field data to close this knowledge gap, and formulate recommendations for the conservation of West African lions. We undertook lion surveys in 13 large (>500 km2) PAs and compiled evidence of lion presence/absence for a further eight PAs. All PAs were situated within Lion Conservation Units, geographical units designated as priority lion areas by wildlife experts at a regional lion conservation workshop in 2005. Lions were confirmed in only 4 PAs, and our results suggest that only 406 (273–605) lions remain in West Africa, representing <250 mature individuals. Confirmed lion range is estimated at 49,000 km2, or 1.1% of historical range in West Africa. PAs retaining lions were larger than PAs without lions and had significantly higher management budgets. We encourage revision of lion taxonomy, to recognize the genetic distinctiveness of West African lions and highlight their potentially unique conservation value. Further, we call for listing of the lion as critically endangered in West Africa, under criterion C2a(ii) for populations with <250 mature individuals. Finally, considering the relative poverty of lion range states in West Africa, we call for urgent mobilization of investment from the international community to assist range states to increase management effectiveness of PAs retaining lions. PMID:24421889

Family Trends in Selected Nonsocialist Countries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenkel, William F.; Benson, Barbara

Changes in marriage and the family from 1950-74 in five nonsocialist countries were explored. The countries selected for the study were Japan, the Netherlands, West Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Most of the data were derived from the United Nations'"Demographic Yearbook," although various original sources from the particular…

Energy efficient industrial technology in Europe: A compendium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fassbender, A. G.; McGee, M. J.

1982-05-01

Energy efficient industrial technologies currently in use in Europe are described. Gas-fired equipment in West Germany, France, and the United Kingdom is emphasized. Some of these technologies are unique and some are currently available in the United States. Load management, cogeneration, heat recovery, and various industrial processes are discussed.

Relevant Publications-HDSC/OWP

Science.gov Websites

Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia) 2004 (2006) 3 Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United Western United States, California 1973 superseded by NA14 Vol6 back to top 3. Hydrometeorological Reports Precipitation over the Ohio River Basin above Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1943 superseded (see PMP documents) 3

Educational Opportunities for Blind Children in the Developing World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winkley, W.

1989-01-01

The educational needs of blind youth in developing countries are beginning to be met with training programs offered by such agencies as Helen Keller International of the United States, the Christoffel Blindenmission of West Germany, and the Royal Commonwealth Society of the Blind of the United Kingdom. (Author/DB)

English-Language Publishing in Librarianship Outside the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horrocks, Norman

1979-01-01

Discussion of English language journals of librarianship of most interest to North Americans includes publications from the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and West Africa, as well as from UNESCO, IFLA, and Scandinavia. Some indexes, other secondary publications, and monographs are also discussed. (RAA)

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Ghanaian- and Nigerian-Born West African Immigrants in the United States: The Afro-Cardiac Study.

PubMed

Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne; Hill, Martha; Allen, Jerilyn; Cooper, Lisa A; Blumenthal, Roger; Agyemang, Charles; Himmelfarb, Cheryl Dennison

2016-02-18

The number of African immigrants in the United States grew 40-fold between 1960 and 2007, from 35 355 to 1.4 million, with a large majority from West Africa. This study sought to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and global CVD risk and to identify independent predictors of increased CVD risk among West African immigrants in the United States. This cross-sectional study assessed West African (Ghanaian and Nigerian) immigrants aged 35-74 years in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. The mean age of participants was 49.5±9.2 years, and 58% were female. The majority (95%) had ≥1 of the 6 CVD risk factors. Smoking was least prevalent, and overweight or obesity was most prevalent, with 88% having a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) ≥25; 16% had a prior diagnosis of diabetes or had fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL. In addition, 44% were physically inactive. Among women, employment and health insurance were associated with odds of 0.09 (95% CI 0.033-0.29) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.09-0.67), respectively, of having a Pooled Cohort Equations estimate ≥7.5% in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Among men, higher social support was associated with 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.98) lower odds of having ≥3 CVD risk factors but not with having a Pooled Cohort Equations estimate ≥7.5%. The prevalence of CVD risk factors among West African immigrants was particularly high. Being employed and having health insurance were associated with lower CVD risk in women, but only higher social support was associated with lower CVD risk in men. © 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

Energy in the Mountain West: Colonialism and Independence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steven Piet; Lloyd Brown; Robert Cherry

2007-08-01

In many ways, the mountain west (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming) is an energy colony for the rest of the United States: it is rich in energy resources that are extracted to fuel economic growth in the wealthier and more populous coastal regions. Federal agencies and global corporations often behave as if the mountain west is a place to be exploited or managed for the benefit of customers and consumers elsewhere. Yet, the area. is not vast empty space with a limitless supply of natural resources, but rather a fast-growing region with a diverse economicmore » base dependent on a limited supply of water. New decision processes and collaborations are slowly changing this situation, but in a piecemeal fashion that places local communities at odds with powerful external interests. Proper planning of major development is needed to insure that the west has a strong economic and cultural future after the fossil energy resources decline, even if that might be a century from now. To encourage the necessary public discussions, this paper identifies key differences between the mountain west and the rest of the United States and suggests some holistic approaches that could improve our future. This paper is designed to provoke thought and discussion; it does not report new analyses on energy resources or usage. It is a summary of a large group effort.« less

6. Photographic copy of historic photograph (date and photograph unknown) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photographic copy of historic photograph (date and photograph unknown) of upper dam showing retaining walls (original in possession of United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Allegheny National Forest). VIEW WEST - Loleta Recreation Area, Upper Dam, 6 miles Southeast of interesection of State Route 24041 & State Route 66, Loleta, Elk County, PA

Reproduction, abundance, and population growth for a fisher (Pekania pennanti) population in the Sierra National Forest, California

Treesearch

Rick A. Sweitzer; Viorel D. Popescu; Reginald H. Barrett; Kathryn L. Purcell; Craig M. Thompson

2015-01-01

In the west coast region of the United States, fishers (Pekania pennanti) exist in 2 remnant populations—1 in northern California and 1 in the southern Sierra Nevada, California—and 3 reintroduced populations (western Washington, southern Oregon, and northeastern California). The West Coast Distinct Population Segment of fishers encompassing all of...

West Nile virus in overwintering Culex mosquitoes, New York City, 2000.

PubMed Central

Nasci, R. S.; Savage, H. M.; White, D. J.; Miller, J. R.; Cropp, B. C.; Godsey, M. S.; Kerst, A. J.; Bennett, P.; Gottfried, K.; Lanciotti, R. S.

2001-01-01

After the 1999 West Nile (WN) encephalitis outbreak in New York, 2,300 overwintering adult mosquitoes were tested for WN virus by cell culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. WN viral RNA and live virus were found in pools of Culex mosquitoes. Persistence in overwintering Cx. pipiens may be important in the maintenance of WN virus in the northeastern United States. PMID:11585542

Riparian buffer design guidelines for water quality and wildlife habitat functions on agricultural landscapes in the Intermountain West: Appendix C

Treesearch

Susan Buffler

2008-01-01

Currently, there is no scientific literature examining appropriate riparian buffer widths for water quality for streams on private agriculturally dominated lands in arid regions of the Intermountain West. The initial step in this research effort was a review of buffer research as documented in the literature in other physiographic regions of the United States. Research...

Practical Sustainability: Turn Your Building into a Funding Source

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Malley, Paul; Vujovic, Vuk; Ogurek, Douglas

2012-01-01

One would not expect Niles West High School to be a model of sustainability. Located in Skokie, Illinois, the facility is more than 50 years old and at 612,000 square feet, it stands among the nation's largest high schools. Last winter, Niles West became one of the first five schools in the United States to achieve certification from the U.S.…

Survival and growth of white ash families and provenances 15 years after establishment in West Virginia

Treesearch

Thomas M. Schuler

1994-01-01

The survival, growth, and stem form of 45 white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) families nested within 22 provenances were evaluated 15 years after establishment in north central West Virginia. Geographic family origins encompassed a wide area in the eastern and central United States, including locations from Maine in the North to Mississippi in the South to Nebraska in...

Value-Chain Dynamics of the West Point Foundry, 1817-1911: A Historical Case Analysis in Marketing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petkus, Ed, Jr.

2013-01-01

This case provides the opportunity for students to explore marketing and value/supply-chain dynamics in a unique historical context. The West Point Foundry (WPF), located in Cold Spring, New York, was one of the most important manufacturing ventures in the United States from 1817 to 1911. The case outlines the supply-chain details of the WPF as…

Book review: Peeters, H. 2007. Field guide to owls of California and the West

Treesearch

Eric D. Forsman

2010-01-01

Field Guide to Owls of California and the West. Written primarily for nonprofessionals,this little field guide is a treasure trove of published and unpublished information on the natural history and distribution of owls in the western United States. It covers just about everything you could want to know about owls, from why they take dust baths, to facultative...

7 CFR 271.6 - Complaint procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... concerned individuals or groups. This shall not include complaints alleging discrimination on the basis of..., Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Virginia, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and West Virginia: Mid-Atlantic...

The industrial utility of public water supplies in the United States, 1952; Part 2: States west of the Mississippi River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lohr, E.W.; Love, S.K.

1954-01-01

Public water supplies are utilized extensively by industries for processing, cooling, and steam generation. The requirements as to quality of water for each industry are specific, therefore information on the quality or chemical character of the water supply is essential not only in the location of industrial plants but also is an aid in the manufacture and distribution of products.Data are given in this report on the water supplies for 1,315 of the larger cities (or places) throughout the United States. The population of these cities represents 58.3 percent of the total population (1950 census), and more than 90 percent of the total urban population, of the United States. Part 1 of the report contains data for 819 cities east of the Mississippi River, and part 2 includes data for 416 cities west of the river. All cities of 15,000 or more population and many cities of smaller population are included.The information given for each place includes, in most instances, population of the place; ownership, source, and treatment of supply; storage facilities for both raw and finished water; and chemical analyses of the supplies.

Land use statistics for West Virginia, Part I

USGS Publications Warehouse

Erwin, Robert B.; ,; ,

1979-01-01

The West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey and the United States Geological Survey have completed a cooperative program to provide land-use and land-cover maps and data for the State. This program begins to satisfy a longstanding need for a consistent level of detail, standardization in categorization, and scale of compilation for land-use and land-cover maps and data. The statistical information contained in this Bulletin provides land-use acreage tabulations for the first 20 counties that have been completed. Statistics are being compiled for the remaining counties and will be published shortly. This information has been derived from the recently completed Land-Use Map of West Virginia (on open file at the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey - Environmental Section). In addition to land-use acreage, we have also included land-use percent. All statistics throughout this Bulletin are in the same format for ease of comparison.

Phytoplankton bloom all along the coast of Southeast United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

All along the eastern and southern coasts of the United States, marine plants seem impervious to the onslaught of winter weather further north. In this true-color image from January 9, 2002, phytoplankton can be seen growing in the nation's coastal waters; their characteristic blue-green swirls are especially visible off the west coast of Florida. Fire locations are marked with red dots. Credit: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC

Projected use of grazed forages in the United States: 2000 to 2050: A technical document supporting the 2000 USDA Forest Service RPA Assessment

Treesearch

Larry W. van Tassell; E. Tom Bartlett; John E. Mitchell

2001-01-01

Scenario analysis techniques were used to combine projections from 35 grazed forage experts to estimate future forage demand scenarios and examine factors that are anticipated to impact the use of grazed forages in the South, North, and West Regions of the United States. The amount of land available for forage production is projected to decrease in all regions while...

The Challenge of Drug Trafficking to Democratic Governance and Human Security in West Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

Washing ton, DC, as the Director of the Office of Environmental Policy; as Economic Officer in the Bu- reau of Econom ic and Business Affairs... Colombian cartels established links with Mexican syndicates after the United States significantly choked off the old Ca- ribbean drug...transportation corridor and forced the Colombians to start moving their drug loads across the southwest border of the United States.48 Mexican DTOs, including

The softwood plywood industry in the United States, 1965-82

Treesearch

D. B. McKeever; G. W. Meyer

In 1982, 175 softwood plywood plants operated in the United States with a combined production capacity of nearly 23.1 billion square feet (ft2 ) (3/8-in. basis) per year, 60 percent greater than in 1965. The West was the region with largest capacity in 1982--12.5 billion ft2. The South had 10.5 billion ft2 and the North less than half a billion ft2. Approximately 1.1...

Reservoir Simulations of Low-Temperature Geothermal Reservoirs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bedre, Madhur Ganesh

The eastern United States generally has lower temperature gradients than the western United States. However, West Virginia, in particular, has higher temperature gradients compared to other eastern states. A recent study at Southern Methodist University by Blackwell et al. has shown the presence of a hot spot in the eastern part of West Virginia with temperatures reaching 150°C at a depth of between 4.5 and 5 km. This thesis work examines similar reservoirs at a depth of around 5 km resembling the geology of West Virginia, USA. The temperature gradients used are in accordance with the SMU study. In order to assess the effects of geothermal reservoir conditions on the lifetime of a low-temperature geothermal system, a sensitivity analysis study was performed on following seven natural and human-controlled parameters within a geothermal reservoir: reservoir temperature, injection fluid temperature, injection flow rate, porosity, rock thermal conductivity, water loss (%) and well spacing. This sensitivity analysis is completed by using ‘One factor at a time method (OFAT)’ and ‘Plackett-Burman design’ methods. The data used for this study was obtained by carrying out the reservoir simulations using TOUGH2 simulator. The second part of this work is to create a database of thermal potential and time-dependant reservoir conditions for low-temperature geothermal reservoirs by studying a number of possible scenarios. Variations in the parameters identified in sensitivity analysis study are used to expand the scope of database. Main results include the thermal potential of reservoir, pressure and temperature profile of the reservoir over its operational life (30 years for this study), the plant capacity and required pumping power. The results of this database will help the supply curves calculations for low-temperature geothermal reservoirs in the United States, which is the long term goal of the work being done by the geothermal research group under Dr. Anderson at West Virginia University.

Three Tracks on the Orphan Train.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyson, Edith S.

1992-01-01

Discusses the "Orphan Train" (homeless children in the midnineteenth-century United States sent to new homes in the west by the Children's Aid Society of New York) through three different literary perspectives. (RS)

A New Look at the American West: Lessons for Secondary History and Literature Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eastman, Gloria, Ed.; Miller, Barbara, Ed.

This curriculum unit analyzes the common cultural images people have about the western United States and how incomplete those images are. The lessons are divided into five sections. The first section, "Investigating Images and Assumptions," presents four lessons to engage students in beginning the examination of their images and…

THE EUROPEAN SOVIET BLOC AND THE WEST AS MARKETS FOR PRIMARY PRODUCTS,

DTIC Science & Technology

size, the growth, and the stability of the market . The performance of the European Soviet Bloc and of the Eastern European countries is compared with...that of seven leading Western countries (the United States, United Kingdom, and the Common Market countries), and that of the Common Market countries

The west-wide ponderosa pine levels-of-growing-stock study at age 40

Treesearch

William W. Oliver

2005-01-01

In the 1960s a series of levels-of-growing-stock studies was established in young, even-aged stands throughout the range of ponderosa pine in the western United States. Using a common study plan, installations were begun in the Black Hills of South Dakota, eastern and central Oregon, the Coconino Plateau of Arizona and the west slope of the Sierra Nevada in California...

Coso MT Site Locations

DOE Data Explorer

Doug Blankenship

2011-05-04

This data includes the locations of the MT data collected in and around the Coso Geothermal field that covered the West Flank area. These are the data that the 3D MT models were created from that were discussed in Phase 1 of the West Flank FORGE project. The projected coordinate system is NAD 1927 State Plane California IV FIPS 0404 and the Projection is Lambert Conformal Conic. Units are in feet.

The Funding Of Boko Haram And Nigerias Actions To Stop It

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

Group against Money Laundering in West Africa GSCF Global Security Contingency Fund ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria JTF joint task force...78. 5 Inter-Governmental Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa (GIABA) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) believed that...has failed to address deficiencies such as money laundering and terrorist financing within its banks.96 Having a financial intelligence unit within a

Correlation of West Nile Virus Incidence in Donated Blood with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease Rates, United States, 2010–2012

PubMed Central

Betsem, Edouard; Kaidarova, Zhanna; Stramer, Susan L.; Shaz, Beth; Sayers, Merlyn; LeParc, German; Custer, Brian

2017-01-01

Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread across the United States. We aggregated blood donor data from 2010–2012 and then calculated the incidence of WNV RNA–positive donations and compared the incidence with neuroinvasive disease (NID) case data from the ArboNET surveillance system. Of 10,107,853 donations, 640 were confirmed positive. The seasonal WNV incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 33.4 (95% CI 22–45) in 2010, 25.7 (95% CI 15–34) in 2011, and 119.9 (95% CI 98–141) in 2012. NID to blood donor ratios were 1 in 164 (95% CI 152–178) in 2010, 1 in 158 (95% CI 145–174) in 2011, and 1 in 131 (95% CI 127–136) in 2012. We updated estimates of the ratio of NID to WNV infection rates, demonstrating stable disease penetrance over the study period. Blood donor WNV RNA screening is a valuable public health tool for WNV surveillance. PMID:27935796

Investigating the Relationship between Ocean Surface Currents and Seasonal Precipitation in the Western United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiang, F.; AghaKouchak, A.

2017-12-01

While many studies have explored the predictive capabilities of teleconnections associated with North American climate, currently established teleconnections offer limited predictability for rainfall in the Western United States. A recent example was the 2015-16 California drought in which a strong ENSO signal did not lead to above average precipitation as was expected. From an exploration of climate and ocean variables available from satellite data, we hypothesize that ocean currents can provide additional information to explain precipitation variability and improve seasonal predictability on the West Coast. Since ocean currents are influenced by surface wind and temperatures, characterizing connections between currents and precipitation patterns has the potential to further our understanding of coastal weather patterns. For the study, we generated gridded point correlation maps to identify ocean areas with high correlation to precipitation time series corresponding to climate regions in the West Coast region. We also used other statistical measures to evaluate ocean `hot spot' regions with significant correlation to West Coast precipitation. Preliminary results show that strong correlations can be found in the tropical regions of the globe.

Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the Western United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fenn, M.E.; Haeuber, R.; Tonnesen, G.S.; Baron, Jill S.; Grossman-Clarke, S.; Hope, D.; Jaffe, D.A.; Copeland, S.; Geiser, L.; Rueth, H.M.; Sickman, J.O.

2003-01-01

Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from 1 to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year over much of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ammonia are about 50% as great as emissions of N as nitrogen oxides. An unknown amount of N deposition to the West Coast originates from Asia. Nitrogen deposition has increased in the West because of rapid increases in urbanization, population, distance driven, and large concentrated animal feeding operations. Studies of ecological effects suggest that emissions reductions are needed to protect sensitive ecosystem components. Deposition rates are unknown for most areas in the West, although reasonable estimates are available for sites in California, the Colorado Front Range, and central Arizona. National monitoring networks provide long-term wet deposition data and, more recently, estimated dry deposition data at remote sites. However, there is little information for many areas near emissions sources.

Distribution and conservation standing of West Virginia crayfishes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loughman, Zachary J.; Welsh, Stuart A.

2010-01-01

The diversity of crayfishes in West Virginia represents a transition between the species-rich southern Appalachian faunas and the depauperate crayfish diversity in the northeastern United States. Currently, 22 described species occur in the state, of which 6 are given S1 status, and 3 are introduced species. One species, Orconectes limosus (Spinycheek Crayfish) is considered extirpated within the past decade. Imperiled species include Cambarus veteranus (Big Sandy Crayfish),Cambarus elkensis (Elk River Crayfish), Cambarus longulus (Atlantic Slope Crayfish), andCambarus nerterius (Greenbrier Cave Crayfish). Three species—O. virilis (Virile Crayfish),Orconectes rusticus (Rusty Crayfish), and Procambarus zonangulus (Southern White River Crawfish)—have introduced populations within the state. Procambarus acutus (White River Crawfish) occurs in bottomland forest along the Ohio River floodplain, and is considered native. Several undescribed taxa have been identified and currently are being described. A statewide survey was initiated in 2007 to document the current distribution and conservation status of crayfishes in West Virginia.

Digital geologic map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi, Quetta, and Khuzar Divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Maldonado, Florian; Menga, Jan Mohammad; Khan, Shabid Hasan; Thomas, Jean-Claude

2011-01-01

This generalized digital geologic map of west-central Pakistan is a product of the Balochistan Coal-Basin Synthesis Study, which was part of a cooperative program of the Geological Survey of Pakistan and the United States Geological Survey. The original nondigital map was published by Maldonado and others (1998). Funding was provided by the Government of Pakistan and the United States Agency for International Development. The sources of geologic map data are primarily 1:253,440-scale geologic maps obtained from Hunting Survey Corporation (1961) and the geologic map of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex and Bagh Complex area. The geology was modified based on reconnaissance field work and photo interpretation of 1:250,000-scale Landsat Thematic Mapper photo image. The descriptions and thicknesses of map units were based on published and unpublished reports and converted to U.S. Geological Survey format. In the nomenclature of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, there is both an Urak Group and an Urak Formation.

How to Distinguish Oak LEAFTIERS From LEAFROLLERS

Treesearch

Parker Snowden

1990-01-01

Oak leaftiers and oak leafrollers defoliate oaks throughout the northeastern United States and adjoining Canadian provinces. In recent years, scattered but severe outbreaks of oak leaftier have occurred in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. In 1978 more than 100,000 acres were defoliated in these states....

77 FR 50470 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Recreational...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

..., West Atlantic sailfish, or North Atlantic swordfish in states (and the United States Virgin Islands and... Collection; Comment Request; Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Recreational Landings Reports AGENCY: National... provides important data used to monitor catches of Atlantic highly migratory species (HMS) and supplements...

A geographical information system-based analysis of cancer mortality and population exposure to coal mining activities in West Virginia, United States of America.

PubMed

Hendryx, Michael; Fedorko, Evan; Anesetti-Rothermel, Andrew

2010-05-01

Cancer incidence and mortality rates are high in West Virginia compared to the rest of the United States of America. Previous research has suggested that exposure to activities of the coal mining industry may contribute to elevated cancer mortality, although exposure measures have been limited. This study tests alternative specifications of exposure to mining activity to determine whether a measure based on location of mines, processing plants, coal slurry impoundments and underground slurry injection sites relative to population levels is superior to a previously-reported measure of exposure based on tons mined at the county level, in the prediction of age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. To this end, we utilize two geographical information system (GIS) techniques--exploratory spatial data analysis and inverse distance mapping--to construct new statistical analyses. Total, respiratory and "other" age-adjusted cancer mortality rates in West Virginia were found to be more highly associated with the GIS-exposure measure than the tonnage measure, before and after statistical control for smoking rates. The superior performance of the GIS measure, based on where people in the state live relative to mining activity, suggests that activities of the industry contribute to cancer mortality. Further confirmation of observed phenomena is necessary with person-level studies, but the results add to the body of evidence that coal mining poses environmental risks to population health in West Virginia.

77 FR 10743 - Notice of Agreements Filed

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

..., Gas Company Tower, 555 West Fifth Street 46th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90013. Synopsis: The agreement... Sea and the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada. Agreement No.: 200860-005. Title: Fourth...

Communicating for the Long War: Options for Squadron Commanders

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

in military operations. In today’s global environment, the opinion of the US public and the world public is essential for the United States to...report emphasized the United States is engaged in a “generational and global struggle about ideas, not a war between the West and Islam.”8 The report...today’s environment of globalization , information and ideas can be transmitted across the world in a matter of seconds. PA operations can use this

A Fire Severity Mapping System (FSMS) for real-time management applications and long term planning: Developing a map of the landscape potential for severe fire in the western United States

Treesearch

Gregory K. Dillon; Zachary A. Holden; Penny Morgan; Bob Keane

2009-01-01

The Fire Severity Mapping System project is geared toward providing fire managers across the western United States with critical information for dealing with and planning for the ecological effects of wildfire at multiple levels of thematic, spatial, and temporal detail. For this project, we are developing a comprehensive, west-wide map of the landscape potential for...

Metamorphic waters from the pacific tectonic belt of the west coast of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barnes, I.

1970-01-01

Waters unusually rich in ammonia, boron, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbons are found in more than 100 localities along the Pacific coast of the United States. The waters are believed to be products of low-grade metamorphism of marine sediments. The marine sedimentary rocks would have to be tectonically emplaced below crystalline rocks in many places. Mercury are deposits are probably also products of the low-grade metamorphism.

Africans’ Perception of the United States’ Post-9/11 Africa Policy and Africom

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-13

disinterest of the United States, Paris tied its former colonies to the metropole with a system of diplomatic, economic , cultural , and defense agreements... economic cooperation forums such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). In the model of the AGOA and the EU’s Everything But Arms (EBA...to settle in the continent. Additionally, Chinese businesses are strongly attracted into West Africa by the lack of internationally recognized

Immune responses to West Nile virus infection in the central nervous system.

PubMed

Cho, Hyelim; Diamond, Michael S

2012-12-17

West Nile virus (WNV) continues to cause outbreaks of severe neuroinvasive disease in humans and other vertebrate animals in the United States, Europe, and other regions of the world. This review discusses our understanding of the interactions between virus and host that occur in the central nervous system (CNS), the outcome of which can be protection, viral pathogenesis, or immunopathogenesis. We will focus on defining the current state of knowledge of WNV entry, tropism, and host immune response in the CNS, all of which affect the balance between injury and successful clearance.

A personality theory of U.S. migration geography.

PubMed

Stetzer, F C

1985-01-01

"Neoclassical models of migration fail to account adequately for individual differences in propensity to migrate, rates of emigration from states and cities, and the generally high rates of population circulation common in the United States. This article proposes that migration propensity is related to an individual's personality. Using the facts that personality traits are generationally regenerative, both through inheritance and culture, and that the United States was settled in a series of migration waves from east to west, this theory predicts a spatial structuring of emigration rates which closely correspond to actual rates for states and major cities." excerpt

Earthquake early Warning ShakeAlert system: West coast wide production prototype

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kohler, Monica D.; Cochran, Elizabeth S.; Given, Douglas; Guiwits, Stephen; Neuhauser, Doug; Hensen, Ivan; Hartog, Renate; Bodin, Paul; Kress, Victor; Thompson, Stephen; Felizardo, Claude; Brody, Jeff; Bhadha, Rayo; Schwarz, Stan

2017-01-01

Earthquake early warning (EEW) is an application of seismological science that can give people, as well as mechanical and electrical systems, up to tens of seconds to take protective actions before peak earthquake shaking arrives at a location. Since 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey has been working in collaboration with several partners to develop EEW for the United States. The goal is to create and operate an EEW system, called ShakeAlert, for the highest risk areas of the United States, starting with the West Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. In early 2016, the Production Prototype v.1.0 was established for California; then, in early 2017, v.1.2 was established for the West Coast, with earthquake notifications being distributed to a group of beta users in California, Oregon, and Washington. The new ShakeAlert Production Prototype was an outgrowth from an earlier demonstration EEW system that began sending test notifications to selected users in California in January 2012. ShakeAlert leverages the considerable physical, technical, and organizational earthquake monitoring infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System, a nationwide federation of cooperating seismic networks. When fully implemented, the ShakeAlert system may reduce damage and injury caused by large earthquakes, improve the nation’s resilience, and speed recovery.

West Nile virus among blood donors in the United States, 2003 and 2004.

PubMed

Stramer, Susan L; Fang, Chyang T; Foster, Gregory A; Wagner, Annette G; Brodsky, Jaye P; Dodd, Roger Y

2005-08-04

West Nile virus first appeared in the United States in 1999 and has since spread throughout the contiguous states, resulting in thousands of cases of disease. By 2002, it was clear that the virus could be transmitted by blood transfusion, and by the middle of 2003, essentially all blood donations were being tested for West Nile virus RNA with the use of investigational nucleic acid amplification tests; testing was performed on individual samples or on "minipools" of up to 16 donations. We analyzed data from the West Nile virus testing program of the American Red Cross for 2003 and 2004 to identify geographic and temporal trends. In areas with a high incidence of infection, individual donations were tested to increase the sensitivity of testing. Donors with reactive results participated in follow-up studies to confirm the original reactivity and to assess the natural history of infection. Routine testing in 2003 and 2004 identified 540 donations that were positive for West Nile virus RNA, of which 362 (67 percent) were IgM-antibody-negative and most likely infectious. Of the 540 positive donations, 148 (27 percent) were detectable only by testing of individual donations, but only 15 of the 148 (10 percent) were negative for IgM antibody. The overall frequencies of RNA-positive donations during the epidemic periods were 1.49 per 10,000 donations in 2003 and 0.44 per 10,000 in 2004. In 2004, 52 percent of the positive donations were from donors in four counties in southern California. Rapid implementation of a nucleic acid amplification test led to the prospective identification of 519 donors who were positive for West Nile virus RNA and the removal of more than 1000 potentially infectious related components from the blood supply of the Red Cross. No cases of transfusion-transmitted infection were confirmed among recipients of the tested blood. Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Unemployment in Nine Industrial Nations, 1973-75

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moy, J.; Sorrentino, C.

1975-01-01

The article compares unemployment, employment, and other labor market indicators in the United States with the available indicators of the eight nations of Canada, Australia, Japan, France, West Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, and Italy. (Author)

5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island...) Palmyra Atoll; (12) Territory of Guam; (13) United States Virgin Islands; (14) Wake Atoll; (15) Any small...

Trespass prevention research study - West Palm Beach, FL

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

The United States Department of Transportations (U.S. DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administrations John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), under the direction of the U.S. DOT Federal Railroad Administrati...

Climate Change Indicators: Health and Society

MedlinePlus

... of the ways that climate change is affecting human health and society, including changes in Lyme disease, West ... season across the United States. Because impacts on human health are complex, often indirect, and dependent on multiple ...

Can You Hear Us Now? A White Paper on Connecting Minority-Serving Institutions in the West to U.S. Advanced Cyberinfrastructure. Lariat Summit on Minority Institutions and Cyberinfrastructure in the West (Bozeman, Montana, August 14-15, 2006)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Louis

2007-01-01

Advanced information, communication, computation and collaboration technologies, known as "cyberinfrastructure," have become essential elements for research, education, and innovation in the 21st century. A major challenge confronting the United States today is how to ensure that all colleges and universities, including those that have…

76 FR 5144 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for U.S. Navy F-35C West Coast...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

...) aircraft on the West Coast of the United States. Under this proposal, a total of seven active-duty F/A-18C... one-for-one replacement. The aging FA-18C Hornet aircraft are expected to be replaced with F-35C..., Southwest; 619-532-2799. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: As a replacement for the Navy's aging F/A- 18C Hornet...

Ecologic Factors Associated with West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States

PubMed Central

Brown, Heidi E.; Childs, James E.; Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.

2008-01-01

Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) disease has affected the northeastern United States. To describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease incidence, we analyzed 8 years (1999–2006) of county-based human WNV disease surveillance data. Among the 56.6 million residents in 8 northeastern states sharing primary enzootic vectors, we found 977 cases. We controlled for population density and potential bias from surveillance and spatial proximity. Analyses demonstrated significant spatial spreading from 1999 through 2004 (p<0.01, r2 = 0.16). A significant trend was apparent among increasingly urban counties; county quartiles with the least (<38%) forest cover had 4.4-fold greater odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–13.2, p = 0.01) of having above-median disease incidence (>0.75 cases/100,000 residents) than counties with the most (>70%) forest cover. These results quantify urbanization as a risk factor for WNV disease incidence and are consistent with knowledge of vector species in this area. PMID:18826816

West nile virus and other arboviral diseases - United States, 2013.

PubMed

Lindsey, Nicole P; Lehman, Jennifer A; Staples, J Erin; Fischer, Marc

2014-06-20

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States. However, several other arboviruses also cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease (i.e., meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis). This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC in 2013 for WNV and other nationally notifiable arboviruses, excluding dengue. Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia reported 2,469 cases of WNV disease. Of these, 1,267 (51%) were classified as WNV neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.40 per 100,000 population. After WNV, the next most commonly reported cause of arboviral disease was La Crosse virus (LACV) (85 cases), followed by Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Powassan virus (POWV), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) (eight). WNV and other arboviruses continue to cause serious illness in substantial numbers of persons annually. Maintaining surveillance remains important to help direct and promote prevention activities.

The slavery hypothesis for hypertension among African Americans: the historical evidence.

PubMed Central

Curtin, P D

1992-01-01

The slavery hypothesis for hypertension has stated that the high blood pressures sometimes measured in African Americans are caused by one or more of these conditions: first, salt deficiency in the parts of Africa that supplied slaves for the Americas; second, the trauma of the slave trade itself; third, conditions of slavery in the United States. A review of the historical evidence shows that there was no salt deficiency in those parts of Africa, nor do present-day West Africans have a high incidence of hypertension. Historical evidence does not support the hypothesis that deaths aboard slave ships were caused mainly by conditions that might be conductive to hypertension, such as salt-depleting diseases. Finally, the hypothesis has depended heavily on evidence from the West Indies, which is not relevant for the United States. There is no evidence that diet or the resulting patterns of disease and demography among slaves in the American South were significantly different from those of other poor southerners. Images p1682-a p1684-a PMID:1456349

Economic Policies and Practices. Programs for Relocating Workers Used by Governments of Selected Countries. Paper-8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnitzer, Martin

Government relocation assistance programs, designed to move unemployed workers from areas where suitable employment opportunities do not exist to areas where jobs are available, were examined in detail for Sweden, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and the United States and briefly for Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, West Germany, and the…

Particulate Matter Stack Emission Compliance Test Procedure for Fuel Burning Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission, Charleston.

This publication details the particulate matter emissions test procedure that is applicable for conducting compliance tests for fuel burning units required to be tested under Sub-section 7 of Regulation II (1972) as established by the state of West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission. The testing procedure is divided into five parts:…

Guidelines for the Preparation of General Guides to National Archives: A RAMP Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hildesheimer, Francoise

Based on a comparative study of guides from the Bahamas, Barbados, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Rhodesia, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, West Germany, and Zambia, this handbook provides guidelines for the organization and content of a general guide to archives, particularly national archives. It is noted that the handbook is…

9. Photographic copy of historic photograph showing lower dam without ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photographic copy of historic photograph showing lower dam without stone apron and water flowing over the overspill. Date and photographer unknown. (original in possession of United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Allegheny National Forest) VIEW WEST - Loleta Recreation Area, Lower Dam, 6 miles Southeast of interesection of State Route 24041 & State Route 66, Loleta, Elk County, PA

Nursery Diseases of Western Conifers

Treesearch

Jerry W. Riffle; Richard S. Jr. Smith

1979-01-01

Forest tree nurseries in the Western United States, the region immediately west of the Great Plains, currently produce over 250 million trees per year. Recent Federal legislation requires the Forest Service to increase its efforts in reforestation of nonstocked forest land, and some States now require owners of forest land to provide for reforestation immediately...

HOW to Distinguish Oak LEAFTIERS From LEAFROLLERS

Treesearch

Parker Snowden

1990-01-01

Oak leaftiers and oak leafrollers defoliate oaks throughout the northeastern United States and adjoining Canadian provinces. In recent years, scattered but severe outbreaks of oak Leaftier have occurred in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. In 1978 more than 100,000 acres were defoliated in these states. Outbreaks of the...

Cancer Incidence in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: Disparities in Appalachia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lengerich, Eugene J.; Tucker, Thomas C.; Powell, Raymond K.; Colsher, Pat; Lehman, Erik; Ward, Ann J.; Siedlecki, Jennifer C.; Wyatt, Stephen W.

2005-01-01

Composed of all or a portion of 13 states, Appalachia is a heterogeneous, economically disadvantaged region of the eastern United States. While mortality from cancer in Appalachia has previously been reported to be elevated, rates of cancer incidence in Appalachia remain unreported. Purpose:To estimate Appalachian cancer incidence by stage and…

War Termination and the Gulf War: Can We Plan Better?

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-09

KTO were clearly determined to be the center-of-gravity. General Schwarzkopf stated in Senate testimony “Our military mission was to kick Iraq out of...Iraqi attention while United States Army forces maneuvered from the west with a roundhouse punch to trap and annihilate the Iraqi military in Kuwait

Forests of the Mountain State

Treesearch

Richard H. Widmann; Charles R. Dye; Gregory W. Cook

2007-01-01

A report on the forest inventory of West Virginia conducted in 1999-2001 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the Northeastern Research Station. Discusses the current condition and changes from previous inventories for forest area, timber volume, tree species, mortality and growth and removals. Graphics depict data at the state level and by county where...

Mortality risks and limits to population growth of fishers

Treesearch

Rick A. Sweitzer; Viorel D. Popescu; Craig M. Thompson; Kathryn L. Purcell; Reginald H. Barrett; Greta M. Wengert; Mourad W. Gabriel; Leslie W. Woods

2015-01-01

Fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the west coast states of Washington, Oregon, and California, USA have not recovered from population declines and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service has proposed options for listing them as threatened. Our objectives were to evaluate differences in survival and mortality risk from natural (e.g., predation, disease, injuries,...

Hydrologic ramifications of an increased role of wildland fire across the rangeland-dry forest continuum

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The increased role of wildland fire across the rangeland-dry forest continuum in the western United States (US) presents landscape-scale consequences relative runoff and erosion. Much of the Intermountain West now exists in a state in which rangeland and woodland wildfires stimulated by invasive che...

Final Environmental Impact Statement for Development of Facilities to Support Basing US Pacific Fleet F/A-18E/F Aircraft on the West Coast of the United States, Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-01

ROG reactive organic compound RONA Record of Non -applicability RTV rational threshold value RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SARA...over water. The ranges are either scheduled via a designated military or civilian controlling agency (for restricted or warning areas) or are used...operations areas (MOAs), and air traffic control authorized airspace (ATCAA). Airspace designations throughout the United States are controlled by the Federal

Cases of Lyme disease reported in a military community.

PubMed

Underwood, P K; Armour, V M

1993-02-01

Lyme disease, a growing public health problem in the United States, is also an increasing threat in Europe. Cases identified in a military community in West Germany are presented and problems of diagnosis and treatment discussed.

HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS

EPA Science Inventory

Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidations of Hydrocarbons in Alternative Solvent Systems

Michael A. Gonzalez* and Thomas M. Becker, Sustainable Technology Division, Office of Research and Development; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, ...

Preliminary results of the trespass prevention research study in West Palm Beach, Florida

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-16

The United States Department of Transportations (US : DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administrations : John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe : Center), under the direction of the US DOT Federal Railroad : Administ...

Response of No-Name Creek FRP Bridge to Local Weather

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

Since 1996, over 30 Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite bridges have been installed in the United States. Bridge : locations are in Kansas, Missouri, New York, Iowa, Colorado, West Virginia, Ohio, California, Idaho, Washington, Pennsylvania, : I...

Lessons of Risk Communication and Health Promotion - West Africa and United States.

PubMed

Bedrosian, Sara R; Young, Cathy E; Smith, Laura A; Cox, Joanne D; Manning, Craig; Pechta, Laura; Telfer, Jana L; Gaines-McCollom, Molly; Harben, Kathy; Holmes, Wendy; Lubell, Keri M; McQuiston, Jennifer H; Nordlund, Kristen; O'Connor, John; Reynolds, Barbara S; Schindelar, Jessica A; Shelley, Gene; Daniel, Katherine Lyon

2016-07-08

During the response to the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, CDC addressed the disease on two fronts: in the epidemic epicenter of West Africa and at home in the United States. Different needs drove the demand for information in these two regions. The severity of the epidemic was reflected not only in lives lost but also in the amount of fear, misinformation, and stigma that it generated worldwide. CDC helped increase awareness, promoted actions to stop the spread of Ebola, and coordinated CDC communication efforts with multiple international and domestic partners. CDC, with input from partners, vastly increased the number of Ebola communication materials for groups with different needs, levels of health literacy, and cultural preferences. CDC deployed health communicators to West Africa to support ministries of health in developing and disseminating clear, science-based messages and promoting science-based behavioral interventions. Partnerships in West Africa with local radio, television, and cell phone businesses made possible the dissemination of messages appropriate for maximum effect. CDC and its partners communicated evolving science and risk in a culturally appropriate way to motivate persons to adapt their behavior and prevent infection with and spread of Ebola virus. Acknowledging what is and is not known is key to effective risk communication, and CDC worked with partners to integrate health promotion and behavioral and cultural knowledge into the response to increase awareness of the actual risk for Ebola and to promote protective actions and specific steps to stop its spread. The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S. and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).

West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999.

PubMed

Hayes, C G

2001-12-01

West Nile virus, first isolated in 1937, is among the earliest arthropod-borne viruses discovered by humans. Its broad geographical distribution, not uncommon infection of humans, transmission by mosquitoes, and association with wild birds as enzootic hosts were well documented by the mid-1960s. However, West Nile virus was not considered to be a significant human pathogen because most infections appeared to result in asymptomatic or only mild febrile disease. Several epidemics had been documented prior to 1996, some involving hundreds to thousands of cases in mostly rural populations, but only a few cases of severe neurological disease had been reported. The occurrence between 1996 and 1999 of three major epidemics, in southern Romania, the Volga delta in southern Russia, and the northeastern United States, involving hundreds of cases of severe neurological disease and fatal infections was totally unexpected. These were the first epidemics reported in large urban populations. A significant factor that appeared in common to all three outbreaks was the apparent involvement of the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, as a vector. This species had not previously been implicated as important in the transmission of West Nile virus. In addition the epidemic in the northeastern United States was unusual in the association of West Nile virus infection with fatal disease of birds, suggesting a change in the virulence of the virus toward this host. Understanding the risk factors that contributed to these three urban epidemics is important for minimizing the potential for future occurrences. This review will attempt to compare observations on the biology of West Nile virus made over about 60 years prior to the recent epidemics to observations made in association with these urban epidemics.

The Use of TKM-100802 and Convalescent Plasma in 2 Patients With Ebola Virus Disease in the United States

PubMed Central

Kraft, Colleen S.; Hewlett, Angela L.; Koepsell, Scott; Winkler, Anne M.; Kratochvil, Christopher J.; Larson, LuAnn; Varkey, Jay B.; Mehta, Aneesh K.; Lyon, G. Marshall; Friedman-Moraco, Rachel J.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Hill, Charles E.; Sullivan, James N.; Johnson, Daniel W.; Lisco, Steven J.; Mulligan, Mark J.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; McElroy, Anita K.; Sealy, Tara; Campbell, Shelley; Spiropoulou, Christina; Ströher, Ute; Crozier, Ian; Sacra, Richard; Connor, Michael J.; Sueblinvong, Viranuj; Franch, Harold A.; Smith, Philip W.; Ribner, Bruce S.; Smith, Philip; Hewlett, Angela; Schwedhelm, Shelly; Boulter, Kate; Beam, Elizabeth; Gibbs, Shawn; Lowe, John; Kratochvil, Chris; Sullivan, James; Johnson, Dan; Lisco, Steve; Piquette, Craig; Bailey, Kristina; Auxier, Joseph; Boer, Brian; Hanson, Travis; Kaseman, Julia; Khan, M. Salman; Rhee, Ji Hyun; Wells, Adam; Florescu, Diana; Kalil, Andre; Rupp, Mark; Becker, Valerie; Boeckman, Bridget; Elder, Erica; Fitch, Abby; Flood, Elizabeth; Freml, Meagan; Frigge, Roman; Hanzlik, Kelly Ann; Jensen, Lois; Kraus, Nicole; Molacek, Drew; Nevins, Jerry; Parker, Alicia; Peters, Jeff; Rand, Cheryl; Roesler, Karen; Ryalls, Kendall; Shradar, Morgan; Strain, Amanda; Sunderman, Timothy; Sundermeier, Jennifer; Swanhorst, John; Vasa, Angela; Bellinghausen, Jean; Freihaut, Frank; Denny, Susan; Mainelli, Lauren; Pinkney, Dee; Ray, Deborah; Jevne, Jay; Knight, Kalen; McCroy, Derrick; Nadeau, Ralph; Nightser, Anna; Iwen, Pete; Sambol, Tony; Herrera, Vicki; Morgan, David; Trotter, Sarah; Kerby, Amy; Peters, Sue; Southern, Timothy; Murphy, Caitlin; Morris, Rosanna; Nuss, Sue; Franco, Theresa; Ogden, Connie; Lazure, Julie; Straub, Dawn; Koepsell, Scott; Hinrichs, Steve; Plumb, Troy; Florescu, Marius; Becker, John; Souchek, Jenna; Beck, Jon; Larson, Luann; Heires, Peggy; Gordon, Bruce; Paulsen, Gail; Wolford, Barb; Petersen, Jill; Marion, Nedra; Hayes, Kim; Tyner, Kate; Wilson, Taylor; Baltes, Paul; Nowatzke, Jenny; Nguyen, Jonathan; Turner, Paul; Boonstra, Barb; Jelden, Katelyn; Portrey, Randy; Stringfield, Doug; Scofield, Bryan; Svanda, Gary; Horihan, Jolene; Dahl, Chris; Bruno, Megan; Malm, Kelsey; Litz, Ron; Fehringer, Jessica; Paladino, Katie; Opp, Tammy; Bell, Sonia; Adams, Anne; Allen, Mary Beth; Bachman, Robert; Bornstein, William; Cantrell, Dee; Cosper, Pam; Feistritzer, Nancye; Fox, John; Gartland, Bryce; Goodman, Jen; Grant, Susan; Howard-Crow, Dallis; Horowitz, Ira; Pugh, David; Ritenour, Chad; Ash, Toni; Barnes, Christopher; Calhoun, Jason; Chapman, Lauren; Daye, Tracey; Durr, Haley; Evans, Shunasee; Gentry, Janice; Ginnane, Jan; Grant, Susan; Haynes, Chris; Hill, Carolyn; Hillis, Dustin; Johnson, Crystal; Loomis, Jessica; Mamora, Josia; Mitchell, Laura; Morgan, Jill; Osakwe, Nancy; Owen, Jacqueline; Piazza, Sarah; Shirley, Kristina; Siddens, Jodi; Silas, Carrie; Slabach, Jason; Tirador, Elaina; Todd, Donnette; Vanairsdale, Sharon; Brammer, Nicole; Buchanan, Juli; Burd, Eileen; Cardella, John; Eaves, Brenda; Evans, Crystal; Hostetler, Krista; Jenkins, Karen; Lindsey, Maureen; Magee, Jordan; Powers, Randall; Ritchie, James; Ryan, Emily; Bonds, Shannon; Emamifar, Amir; Kuban, Tish; Pack, Jan; Rogers, Susan; Golston, George; Kaufman, Sean; Olinger, Patricia; Olinger, Sean; Rengarajan, Kalpana; Thomaston, Scott; Beck, Emily; Desroches, Paula; Hall, Cynthia; Walker, Celeste; Bryant, Connie; Hackman, Betsy; Howard, Regina; Jones, Marolyn; Broughton, Jeff; Frisle, Brian; Jackson, Robert; Lewis, Jerry; Brown-Haithco, Robin; Gartin, Miranda Lynn; Geralds-Washington, Erica; James-Jones, Rhonda; Miller, Donald; Stark, Dan; McGee, Gentrice; Jones, Porcia; Scott-Harris, Linda; Cain, James; Davis, Roderick; Johnson, Tyrone; Pickett, Tyrone; Shaw, Anthony; Truesdale, Tenina; Blum, Jim; Hill, Laureen; Sevransky, Jon; Zivot, Joel; Walker, Seth; Klopman, Matthew; Matkins, Ricky; Meechan, Cathy; Meechan, Paul; Schwock, Kathy; Schuck, Jen; Stack, Kathy; Wolf, Francis; Bray, Bruce; Isakov, Alex; Shartar, Sam; Miles, Wade; Jamison, Aaro; Arevalo, John; Stallings, Gail; Christenbury, Janet; Dollard, Vince; De Gennaro, Melanie; Korschun, Holly; Seideman, Nancy; Ziegler, Tom; Griffith, Daniel P.; Dave, Nisha; Wall, Susan; Hall, Melida; McGhee, Dwania; Clarke, Tim; Vaught, Rachel; Peterson-Pileri, Katrina

2015-01-01

Background. The current West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has resulted in multiple individuals being medically evacuated to other countries for clinical management. Methods. We report two patients who were transported from West Africa to the United States for treatment of EVD. Both patients received aggressive supportive care measures, as well as an investigational therapeutic (TKM-100802) and convalescent plasma. Results. While one patient experienced critical illness with multi-organ failure requiring mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, both patients recovered without serious long-term sequelae to date. Conclusions. It is unclear what role the experimental drug and convalescent plasma had in the recovery of these patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of investigational therapies in the care of patients with EVD. PMID:25904375

West Nile virus disease and other arboviral diseases--United States, 2010.

PubMed

2011-08-05

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. Since West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, it has become the leading cause of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States. However, several other arboviruses continue to cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease (i.e., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis). This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC in 2010 for WNV and other nationally notifiable arboviruses (excluding dengue, which is reported separately). In 2010, 40 states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 1,021 cases of WNV disease. Of these, 629 (62%) were classified as WNV neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 population. States with the highest incidence were Arizona (1.60), New Mexico (1.03), Nebraska (0.55), and Colorado (0.51). After WNV, the next most commonly reported cause of neuroinvasive arboviral disease was California serogroup viruses (CALV), with 68 cases, followed by eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), 10 cases, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), eight cases, and Powassan virus (POWV), eight cases. WNV and other arboviruses continue to cause focal outbreaks and severe illness in substantial numbers of persons in the United States. Maintaining surveillance remains important to guide arboviral disease prevention activities.

VIEW OF BUILDING 440 LOOKING WEST, NORTHWEST. BUILDING 440, THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF BUILDING 440 LOOKING WEST, NORTHWEST. BUILDING 440, THE TRANSPORT MODIFICATION CENTER, CONSISTS OF FOUR HIGH-BAY CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES. BUILDING 440 WAS USED FOR PACKAGING AND STAGING SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND DEPLETED URANIUM FOR SHIPMENT AND TO MODIFY VEHICLES TO MEET SPECIFIC UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS. (2/8/84) - Rocky Flats Plant, Transport Modification Center, North of Cactus Avenue, approximately 400 feet east of Third Street, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

The United States and VIetnam: 1787 - 1941

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

west- ern Pacific via Rio de Janeiro . 9 En route they learned that the Poto- mac had accomplished its mission of showing the flag off the west coast ...watering than the ordinary ra ins ." The sun and soil of Carolina are sufficiently powerful to ensure the success of this plant, and Monsieur de ...Poulo Con- dote off the southern coast of Cochinchina. The next morning, the ship sighted Cape St. James on the southern coast and continued up

Native American Historic Context for the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-01

Native Americans in the Hudson Highlands Pre-Contact Period A number of American Indian nations have over time either occupied the Hudson Valley...inability of Western legal institutions to grasp American Indian and Alaska Native claims that some places on the planet possess a degree of...archeological sites near the USMA. It contains a brief history of various Native American nations that may have been living in or using the West Point

Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Given, Douglas D.; Cochran, Elizabeth S.; Heaton, Thomas; Hauksson, Egill; Allen, Richard; Hellweg, Peggy; Vidale, John; Bodin, Paul

2014-01-01

Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems can provide as much as tens of seconds of warning to people and automated systems before strong shaking arrives. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners are developing such an EEW system, called ShakeAlert, for the West Coast of the United States. This document describes the technical implementation of that system, which leverages existing stations and infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) regional networks to achieve this new capability. While significant progress has been made in developing the ShakeAlert early warning system, improved robustness of each component of the system and additional testing and certification are needed for the system to be reliable enough to issue public alerts. Major components of the system include dense networks of ground motion sensors, telecommunications from those sensors to central processing systems, algorithms for event detection and alert creation, and distribution systems to alert users. Capital investment costs for a West Coast EEW system are projected to be $38.3M, with additional annual maintenance and operations totaling $16.1M—in addition to current ANSS expenditures for earthquake monitoring. An EEW system is complementary to, but does not replace, other strategies to mitigate earthquake losses. The system has limitations: false and missed alerts are possible, and the area very near to an earthquake epicenter may receive little or no warning. However, such an EEW system would save lives, reduce injuries and damage, and improve community resilience by reducing longer-term economic losses for both public and private entities.

Geography, Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity Among Men in the United States.

PubMed

Kelley, Elizabeth A; Bowie, Janice V; Griffith, Derek M; Bruce, Marino; Hill, Sarah; Thorpe, Roland J

2016-05-01

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased significantly and is a particular concern for minority men. Studies focused at the community and national levels have reported that geography can play a substantial role in contributing to obesity, but little is known about how regional influences contribute to obesity among men. The objective of this study is to examine the association between geographic region and obesity among men in the United States and to determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in obesity within these geographic regions. Data from men, aged 18 years and older, from the National Health Interview Survey were combined for the years 2000 to 2010. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m(2) Logistic regression models were specified to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between geographic region and obesity and for race and obesity within geographic regions. Compared to men living in the Northeast, men living in the Midwest had significantly greater odds of being obese (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.02, 1.17]), and men living in the West had lower odds of being obese (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.76, 0.89]). Racial/ethnic differences were also observed within geographic region. Black men have greater odds of obesity than White men in the South, West, and Midwest. In the South and West, Hispanic men also have greater odds of obesity than White men. In all regions, Asian men have lower odds of obesity than White men. © The Author(s) 2015.

Challenging Students to Differentiate between Election Returns and Results with a Memo and a Telegram from 1864

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potter, Lee Ann

2014-01-01

On Tuesday, November 8, 1864, voters in 25 states--including Kansas, West Virginia, and Nevada for the first time--cast their ballots for president of the United States; voters in the 11 states that had seceded did not participate. Incumbent Abraham Lincoln ran as the Republican nominee (called the National Union Party in the 1864 election), and…

Creole Languages and Educational Development. Linguistic Communications: Working Papers of the Linguistic Society of Australia, No. 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, R.W.

An international conference on creole languages and educational development was held at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, from July 24-28, 1972. It was attended by scholars from Africa, Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean region, the United Kingdom, the United States, and France. The papers presented were descriptions of a…

Extreme-event geoelectric hazard maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Love, J. J.; Bedrosian, P.

2017-12-01

Maps covering about half of the continental United States are presented of geoelectric field amplitude that will be exceeded, on average, once per century in response to extreme-intensity geomagnetic disturbance. These maps are constructed using an empirical parameterization of induction: convolving latitude-dependent statistical maps of extreme-value geomagnetic disturbance, obtained from decades of 1-minute magnetic observatory data, with local estimates of Earth-surface impedance, obtained at discrete geographic sites from magnetotelluric surveys. Geoelectric amplitudes are estimated for geomagnetic waveforms having 240-s (and 1200-s) sinusoidal period and amplitudes over 10 minutes (1-hr) that exceed a once-per-century threshold. As a result of the combination of geographic differences in geomagnetic variation and Earth-surface impedance, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes span more than two orders of magnitude and are a highly granular function of location. Specifically: for north-south 240-s induction, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes across large parts of the United States have a median value of 0.34 V/km; for east-west variation, they have a median value of 0.23 V/km. In Northern Minnesota, amplitudes exceed 14.00 V/km for north-south geomagnetic variation (23.34 V/km for east-west variation), while just over 100 km away, amplitudes are only 0.08 V/km (0.02 V/km). At some sites in the Northern Central United States, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes exceed the 2 V/km realized in Quebec during the March 1989 storm. These hazard maps are incomplete over large parts of the United States, including major population centers in the southern United States, due to a lack of publically available impedance data.

Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, J.D.

1988-01-01

Degradation of water quality related to oxidation of iron disulfide minerals associated with coal is a naturally occurring process that has been observed since the late seventeenth century, many years before commencement of commercial coal mining in the United States. Disturbing coal strata during mining operations accelerates this natural deterioration of water quality by exposing greater surface areas of reactive minerals to the weathering effects of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Degraded water quality in the temperate eastern half of the United States is readily detected because of the low mineralization of natural water. Maps are presented showing areas in the eastern United States where concentrations of chemical constituents in water affected by coal mining (pH, dissolved sulfate, total iron, total manganese) exceed background values and indicate effects of coal mining. Areas in the East most affected by mine drainage are in western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, western Maryland, West Virginia, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, northern Missouri, and southern Iowa. Effects of coal mining on water quality in the more arid western half of the United States are more difficult to detect because of the high degree of mineralization of natural water. Normal background concentrations of constituents are not useful in evaluating effects of coal mine drainage on streams in the more arid West. Three approaches to reduce the effects of coal mining on water quality are: (1) exclusion of oxygenated water from reactive minerals, (2) neutralization of the acid produced, (3) retardation of acid-producing bacteria population in spoil material, by application of detergents that do not produce byproducts requiring disposal. These approaches can be used to help prevent further degradation of water quality in streams by future mining. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

West Nile Virus in the United States — A Historical Perspective

PubMed Central

Roehrig, John T.

2013-01-01

Prior to 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) was a bit player in the screenplay of global vector-borne viral diseases. First discovered in the West Nile District of Uganda in 1937, this Culex sp.-transmitted virus was known for causing small human febrile outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East. Prior to 1995, the last major human WNV outbreak was in the 1950s in Israel. The epidemiology and ecology of WNV began to change in the mid-1990s when an epidemic of human encephalitis occurred in Romania. The introduction of WNV into Eastern Europe was readily explained by bird migration between Africa and Europe. The movement of WNV from Africa to Europe could not, however, predict its surprising jump across the Atlantic Ocean to New York City and the surrounding areas of the United States (U.S.). This movement of WNV from the Eastern to Western Hemisphere in 1999, and its subsequent dissemination throughout two continents in less than ten years is widely recognized as one of the most significant events in arbovirology during the last two centuries. This paper documents the early events of the introduction into and the spread of WNV in the Western Hemisphere. PMID:24335779

West nile virus in the United States - a historical perspective.

PubMed

Roehrig, John T

2013-12-10

Prior to 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) was a bit player in the screenplay of global vector-borne viral diseases. First discovered in the West Nile District of Uganda in 1937, this Culex sp.-transmitted virus was known for causing small human febrile outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East. Prior to 1995, the last major human WNV outbreak was in the 1950s in Israel. The epidemiology and ecology of WNV began to change in the mid-1990s when an epidemic of human encephalitis occurred in Romania. The introduction of WNV into Eastern Europe was readily explained by bird migration between Africa and Europe. The movement of WNV from Africa to Europe could not, however, predict its surprising jump across the Atlantic Ocean to New York City and the surrounding areas of the United States (U.S.). This movement of WNV from the Eastern to Western Hemisphere in 1999, and its subsequent dissemination throughout two continents in less than ten years is widely recognized as one of the most significant events in arbovirology during the last two centuries. This paper documents the early events of the introduction into and the spread of WNV in the Western Hemisphere.

Review of national railroad issues

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-12-01

In 1973, the financial disarray of the Northeast and mid-West railroads led to : the passage of the Rail Reorganization Act of 1973. The Act established the : United States Railway Association (USRA) to develop a plan for a Consolidated : Rail Corpor...

Response of No-Name Creek FRP Bridge to Local Weather : Technical Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

Since 1996, over 30 Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite bridges have been installed in the United States. Bridge locations are in Kansas, Missouri, New York, Iowa, Colorado, West Virginia, Ohio, California, Idaho, Washington, Pennsylvania, Illin...

75 FR 65653 - Notice of Receipt of Complaint; Solicitation Comments Relating to the Public Interest

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... West Sacramento, CA; Xyratex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. of Penang, Malaysia; Dot Hill Systems Corp. of... to the orders are used in the United States; (ii) Identify any public health, safety, or welfare...

Black Immigrants and Political Radicalism in the Harlem Renaissance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walter, John C.

1977-01-01

The migration of Blacks from the Caribbean to the United States after 1900 is described. The role of West Indian immigrants as radical political and labor leaders during the Harlem Renaissance (1910 to 1940) is discussed. (MC)

Tremont Field Site

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Tremont Field Site is a 41.5-acre public park located northeast of the intersection of West 11th Street and Clark Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Through two deed transfers in 1948 and 1949, the City acquired the site from the United States Government.

Response of No-Name Creek FRP Bridge to Local Weather : Technical Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

Since 1996, over 30 Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite bridges have been installed : in the United States. Bridge locations are in Kansas, Missouri, New York, Iowa, Colorado, West : Virginia, Ohio, California, Idaho, Washington, Pennsylvania, I...

High View of Melas

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-03-13

Soaring high above Valles Marineris, the Grand Canyon of Mars, viewers look down and catch a sight resembling parts of the desert West of the United States, but on a vastly greater scale. Here the canyon averages over a hundred miles wide.

77 FR 31026 - Requirements for Importing Food and Drug Administration Regulated Products Into the United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

... importing pharmaceutical products, medical devices, food products, as well as technology which applies to... Administration, 550 West Jackson Blvd., suite 1500, Chicago, IL 60661; 312-596-4217; email: [email protected

DETAIL INTERIOR VIEW OF THE CYANAMIDE (LN) OVEN BUILDING LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL INTERIOR VIEW OF THE CYANAMIDE (L-N) OVEN BUILDING LOOKING WEST AT INGERSOLL-RAND COMPRESSORS #BE565 & 564. (NOT ORIGINAL LOCATION). - United States Nitrate Plant No. 2, Reservation Road, Muscle Shoals, Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL

Vital Signs: Trends in Reported Vectorborne Disease Cases - United States and Territories, 2004-2016.

PubMed

Rosenberg, Ronald; Lindsey, Nicole P; Fischer, Marc; Gregory, Christopher J; Hinckley, Alison F; Mead, Paul S; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Waterman, Stephen H; Drexler, Naomi A; Kersh, Gilbert J; Hooks, Holley; Partridge, Susanna K; Visser, Susanna N; Beard, Charles B; Petersen, Lyle R

2018-05-04

Vectorborne diseases are major causes of death and illness worldwide. In the United States, the most common vectorborne pathogens are transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes, including those causing Lyme disease; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; and West Nile, dengue, and Zika virus diseases. This report examines trends in occurrence of nationally reportable vectorborne diseases during 2004-2016. Data reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for 16 notifiable vectorborne diseases during 2004-2016 were analyzed; findings were tabulated by disease, vector type, location, and year. A total 642,602 cases were reported. The number of annual reports of tickborne bacterial and protozoan diseases more than doubled during this period, from >22,000 in 2004 to >48,000 in 2016. Lyme disease accounted for 82% of all tickborne disease reports during 2004-2016. The occurrence of mosquitoborne diseases was marked by virus epidemics. Transmission in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa accounted for most reports of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases; West Nile virus was endemic, and periodically epidemic, in the continental United States. Vectorborne diseases are a large and growing public health problem in the United States, characterized by geographic specificity and frequent pathogen emergence and introduction. Differences in distribution and transmission dynamics of tickborne and mosquitoborne diseases are often rooted in biologic differences of the vectors. To effectively reduce transmission and respond to outbreaks will require major national improvement of surveillance, diagnostics, reporting, and vector control, as well as new tools, including vaccines.

Spatial and seasonal patterns in urban influence on regional concentrations of speciated aerosols across the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hand, J. L.; Schichtel, B. A.; Malm, W. C.; Pitchford, M.; Frank, N. H.

2014-11-01

Monthly, seasonal, and annual mean estimates of urban influence on regional concentrations of major aerosol species were computed using speciated aerosol data from the rural IMPROVE network (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's urban Chemical Speciation Network for the 2008 through 2011 period. Aggregated for sites across the continental United States, the annual mean and one standard error in urban excess (defined as the ratio of urban to nearby rural concentrations) was highest for elemental carbon (3.3 ± 0.2), followed by ammonium nitrate (2.5 ± 0.2), particulate organic matter (1.78 ± 0.08), and ammonium sulfate (1.23 ± 0.03). The seasonal variability in urban excess was significant for carbonaceous aerosols and ammonium nitrate in the West, in contrast to the low seasonal variability in the urban influence of ammonium sulfate. Generally for all species, higher excess values in the West were associated with localized urban sources while in the East excess was more regional in extent. In addition, higher excess values in the western United States in winter were likely influenced not only by differences in sources but also by combined meteorological and topographic effects. This work has implications for understanding the spatial heterogeneity of major aerosol species near the interface of urban and rural regions and therefore for designing appropriate air quality management strategies. In addition, the spatial patterns in speciated mass concentrations provide constraints for regional and global models.

Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) using a killed vaccine.

PubMed

Olsen, Glenn H; Miller, Kimberli J; Docherty, Douglas E; Bochsler, Valerie S; Sileo, Louis

2009-06-01

West Nile virus was introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New York, New York, USA in 1999. The virus has since killed large numbers of birds nationwide, especially, but not limited to, crows (Corvus brachyrhinchos). One sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) at the Bridgeport Zoo (Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) reportedly died from West Nile virus, so sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana), both in the wild and in captive breeding colonies at United States Geological Service (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Laurel, Maryland, USA) were considered at risk. A killed vaccine in sandhill cranes was evaluated by vaccinating and then challenging these cranes with live West Nile virus. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the killed vaccine developed significant titers when compared with unvaccinated controls. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the vaccine and challenged with the virus died from West Nile virus infection. In addition, no unvaccinated challenged sandhill cranes died. However, 2 days postchallenge, vaccinated cranes had significantly less viremia (P < 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes. Seven days postchallenge vaccinated cranes had significantly less cloacal shedding of the virus (P < 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes and significantly less weight loss (P < 0.05) as compared with unvaccinated cranes. Vaccinated sandhill cranes developed significantly higher titers 14 days postchallenge and were viremic for shorter periods of time after challenge than unvaccinated individuals. Unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in both the brain and brain stem areas, and this was not observed in vaccinated challenged cranes or in vaccinated unchallenged cranes.

Pathogenicity of West Nile virus and response to vaccination in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) using a killed vaccine

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olsen, Glenn H.; Miller, Kimberli J.; Docherty, Douglas E.; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I.; Sileo, Louis

2009-01-01

West Nile virus was introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New York, New York, USA in 1999. The virus has since killed large numbers of birds nationwide, especially, but not limited to, crows (Corvus brachyrhinchos). One sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) at the Bridgeport Zoo (Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA) reportedly died from West Nile virus, so sandhill cranes and endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana), both in the wild and in captive breeding colonies at United States Geological Service (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Laurel, Maryland, USA) were considered at risk. A killed vaccine in sandhill cranes was evaluated by vaccinating and then challenging these cranes with live West Nile virus. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the killed vaccine developed significant titers when compared with unvaccinated controls. No sandhill cranes inoculated with the vaccine and challenged with the virus died from West Nile virus infection. In addition, no unvaccinated challenged sandhill cranes died. However, 2 days postchallenge, vaccinated cranes had significantly less viremia (P < 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes. Seven days postchallenge vaccinated cranes had significantly less cloacal shedding of the virus (P < 0.05) than unvaccinated cranes and significantly less weight loss (P < 0.05) as compared with unvaccinated cranes. Vaccinated sandhill cranes developed significantly higher titers 14 days postchallenge and were viremic for shorter periods of time after challenge than unvaccinated individuals. Unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in both the brain and brain stem areas, and this was not observed in vaccinated challenged cranes or in vaccinated unchallenged cranes.

The Lessons of Experience; How Strategic Leaders in the United States Army Develop and Their Lessons Learned

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-04-12

can be drawn from these varied educational experiences. First, the source of degree, military academy or state college, did not determine career ... success . However, West Point provided an environment to inculcate the officer tradition. Second, a Master’s Degree in a hard discipline versus a social

Elongate Hemlock Scale

Treesearch

Mark McClure

2002-01-01

The elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris, native to Japan, is a pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and Carolina hemlock, T. caroliniana, in the Eastern United States. It has been found in the District of Columbia and in nine states from Virginia to southern New England and west to Ohio. F. externa attacks the lower surface of the hemlock needle,...

Effects of land use practices on western riparian ecosystems

Treesearch

David J. Krueper

1993-01-01

Riparian ecosystems are among the rarest and most sensitive habitat types in the western United States. Riparian habitat is critical for up to 80% of terrestrial vertebrate species, and is especially important in the arid West. Estimates have placed riparian habitat loss at greater than 95% in most western states. Impacts to riparian ecosystems are reviewed along with...

The Prevalence of Sexual Behavior Stigma Affecting Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Across Sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States.

PubMed

Stahlman, Shauna; Sanchez, Travis Howard; Sullivan, Patrick Sean; Ketende, Sosthenes; Lyons, Carrie; Charurat, Manhattan E; Drame, Fatou Maria; Diouf, Daouda; Ezouatchi, Rebecca; Kouanda, Seni; Anato, Simplice; Mothopeng, Tampose; Mnisi, Zandile; Baral, Stefan David

2016-07-26

There has been increased attention for the need to reduce stigma related to sexual behaviors among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) as part of comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment programming. However, most studies focused on measuring and mitigating stigma have been in high-income settings, challenging the ability to characterize the transferability of these findings because of lack of consistent metrics across settings. The objective of these analyses is to describe the prevalence of sexual behavior stigma in the United States, and to compare the prevalence of sexual behavior stigma between MSM in Southern and Western Africa and in the United States using consistent metrics. The same 13 sexual behavior stigma items were administered in face-to-face interviews to 4285 MSM recruited in multiple studies from 2013 to 2016 from 7 Sub-Saharan African countries and to 2590 MSM from the 2015 American Men's Internet Survey (AMIS), an anonymous Web-based behavioral survey. We limited the study sample to men who reported anal sex with a man at least once in the past 12 months and men who were aged 18 years and older. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare the prevalence of stigma between groups. Within the United States, prevalence of sexual behavior stigma did not vary substantially by race/ethnicity or geographic region except in a few instances. Feeling afraid to seek health care, avoiding health care, feeling like police refused to protect, being blackmailed, and being raped were more commonly reported in rural versus urban settings in the United States (P<.05 for all). In the United States, West Africa, and Southern Africa, MSM reported verbal harassment as the most common form of stigma. Disclosure of same-sex practices to family members increased prevalence of reported stigma from family members within all geographic settings (P<.001 for all). After adjusting for potential confounders and nesting of participants within countries, AMIS-2015 participants reported a higher prevalence of family exclusion (P=.02) and poor health care treatment (P=.009) as compared with participants in West Africa. However, participants in both West Africa (P<.001) and Southern Africa (P<.001) reported a higher prevalence of blackmail. The prevalence of all other types of stigma was not found to be statistically significantly different across settings. The prevalence of sexual behavior stigma among MSM in the United States appears to have a high absolute burden and similar pattern as the same forms of stigma reported by MSM in Sub-Saharan Africa, although results may be influenced by differences in sampling methodology across regions. The disproportionate burden of HIV is consistent among MSM across Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, suggesting the need in all contexts for stigma mitigation interventions to optimize existing evidence-based and human-rights affirming HIV prevention and treatment interventions.

County-level estimates of nutrient inputs to the landsurface of the conterminous United States, 1982-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruddy, Barbara C.; Lorenz, David L.; Mueller, David K.

2006-01-01

Nutrient input data for fertilizer use, livestock manure, and atmospheric deposition from various sources were estimated and allocated to counties in the conterminous United States for the years 1982 through 2001. These nationally consistent nutrient input data are needed by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program for investigations of stream- and ground-water quality. For nitrogen, the largest source was farm fertilizer; for phosphorus, the largest sources were farm fertilizer and livestock manure. Nutrient inputs from fertilizer use in nonfarm areas, while locally important, were an order of magnitude smaller than inputs from other sources. Nutrient inputs from all sources increased between 1987 and 1997, but the relative proportions of nutrients from each source were constant. Farm-fertilizer inputs were highest in the upper Midwest, along eastern coastal areas, and in irrigated areas of the West. Nonfarm-fertilizer use was similar in major metropolitan areas throughout the Nation, but was more extensive in the more populated Eastern and Central States and in California. Areas of greater manure inputs were located throughout the South-central and Southeastern States and in scattered areas of the West. Nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere generally increased from west to east and is related to the location of major sources and the effects of precipitation and prevailing winds. These nutrient-loading data at the county level are expected to be the fundamental basis for national and regional assessments of water quality for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program and other large-scale programs.

Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States: 2003 to 2012

PubMed Central

Gaensbauer, James T.; Lindsey, Nicole P.; Messacar, Kevin; Staples, J. Erin; Fischer, Marc

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiologic and clinical syndromes associated with pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral infections among children in the United States from 2003 through 2012. METHODS We reviewed data reported by state health departments to ArboNET, the national arboviral surveillance system, for 2003 through 2012. Children (<18 years) with neuroinvasive arboviral infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis) were included. Demographic, clinical syndrome, outcome, geographic, and temporal data were analyzed for all cases. RESULTS During the study period, 1217 cases and 22 deaths due to pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral infection were reported from the 48 contiguous states. La Crosse virus (665 cases; 55%) and West Nile virus (505 cases; 41%) were the most common etiologies identified. Although less common, Eastern equine encephalitis virus (30 cases; 2%) resulted in 10 pediatric deaths. La Crosse virus primarily affected younger children, whereas West Nile virus was more common in older children and adolescents. West Nile virus disease cases occurred throughout the country, whereas La Crosse and the other arboviruses were more focally distributed. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinvasive arboviral infections were an important cause of pediatric disease from 2003 through 2012. Differences in the epidemiology and clinical disease result from complex interactions among virus, vector, host, and the environment. Decreasing the morbidity and mortality from these agents depends on vector control, personal protection to reduce mosquito and tick bites, and blood donor screening. Effective surveillance is critical to inform clinicians and public health officials about the epidemiologic features of these diseases and to direct prevention efforts. PMID:25113294

East Meets West: An Earthquake in India Helps Hazard Assessment in the Central United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2002-01-01

Although geographically distant, the State of Gujarat in India bears many geological similarities to the Mississippi Valley in the Central United States. The Mississippi Valley contains the New Madrid seismic zone that, during the winter of 1811-1812, produced the three largest historical earthquakes ever in the continental United States and remains the most seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains. Large damaging earthquakes are rare in ‘intraplate’ settings like New Madrid and Gujarat, far from the boundaries of the world’s great tectonic plates. Long-lasting evidence left by these earthquakes is subtle (fig. 1). Thus, each intraplate earthquake provides unique opportunities to make huge advances in our ability to assess and understand the hazards posed by such events.

Pacific Sardine Characteristics Affecting the Conduct of an Acoustic Clutter Experiment off the West Coast of the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-15

P. Cotel, "Three-dimensional structure and avoidance behavior of anchovy and common sardine schools in central southern Chile ," ICES J. Mar. Sei. 61...the most abundant species of schooling fish off the West Coast Therefore, sardines are the best candidates to be clutter targets. In preparation for...fish and to interpret the results, pertinent characteristics of the major fish species in the region must be known. The best source of that knowledge

Inactivation of West Nile Virus in Serum with Heat, Ionic Detergent, and Reducing Agent for Proteomic Applications (Open Access Publisher’s Version)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-19

LightCycler® 96 desktop software. Positive and negative samples were identified using the “ Qualitative Detection” analysis function using the default...Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: West Nile virus Virus inactivation Sample buffer... samples using a commercially available SDS- PAGE sample buffer for proteomic studies. Using this method, we demonstrate its utility by identification

Point Barrow, Alaska

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-09-10

Point Barrow or Nuvuk, Alaska is the northernmost point of all territory of the United States. It also marks the limit between the Chukchi Sea to the west, and the Beaufort Sea to the east. Archaeological evidence indicates that Point Barrow was occupied about 500 CE, probably as hunting camps for whales. The image covers an area of 32 by 38 km, was acquired July 29, 2015, and is located at 71.6 degrees north, 156.45 degrees west. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19775

Bering Strait

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2014-05-15

... west, the Bering Strait separates the United States and the Russian Federation by only 90 kilometers. It is named for Danish explorer Vitus ... the Alaskan mainland in 1741 while leading an expedition of Russian sailors. This view of the region was captured by the Multi-angle ...

Supraoptimal temperatures influence the range dynamics of a non-native insect

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; David R. Gray; Andrew M. Liebhold

2014-01-01

Aim. To examine the relationship between the range dynamics of the nonnative species Lymantria dispar (L.) and supraoptimal temperatures during its larval and pupal period. Location. West Virginia and Virginia, United States, North America. Methods. We linked the...

Analysis of West Virginia's graduated driver licensing program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for individuals between the ages of 15-20 years old in the United States. Top safety concerns involving teen drivers include; safety belt use, impaired driving, and distracted driving. Rules tha...

An analysis of West Virginia's graduated driver licensing program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for individuals between the ages of 15-20 years old in the United States. Top safety concerns involving teen drivers include; safety belt use, impaired driving, and distracted driving. Rules tha...

14 CFR 91.703 - Operations of civil aircraft of U.S. registry outside of the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... International Civil Aviation Organization (Attention: Distribution Officer), P.O. Box 400, Succursale, Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2. [Doc. No...

21 CFR 830.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Department, 25 West 43rd St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10036, phone: 212-642-4980, and may be ordered online... (dialing from the United States): 011-41-22-749-0111, and may be ordered online at http://www.standardsinfo...

The Analysis of TRICARE Navy Obstetric Delivery Costs within Continental United States Military Treatment Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Authorization Act NHCL Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune NHCP Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton  NICU NMCP Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Navy...are both OB training facilities with Neo-Natal Intensive Care Units ( NICU ) offering similar services. In 2008, NMCP’s enrollment population was...located on the largest Marine Corps bases (MCB) on the east and west coast, respectively. Neither are OB training facilities, nor do they have NICUs

Distribution of fluoride in ground water of West Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mathes, M.V.; Waldron, M.C.

1993-01-01

This report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, to evaluate the distribution of fluoride in ground water of West Virginia. Fluoride is a natural chemical constituent in domestic and public water supplies in West Virginia. Fluoride concentrations of about 1.0 milligram per liter in drinking water are beneficial to dental health. Concentrations greater than 2.0 milligrams per liter, however, could harm teeth and bones. Fluoride concentra- tions in ground water of West Virginia range from less than 0.1 to 12 milligrams per liter. Fluoride concentrations that exceed 2.0 milligrams per liter are found in wells drilled to all depths, wells drilled in all topographic settings, and wells drilled into most geologic units. Most fluoride concentrations that exceed 2.0 milligrams per liter are located at sites clustered in the northwestern part of the State.

Economic Cost and Benefits of Subsidizing Western Credits to the East: Executive Briefing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

REORT DOCUMEkTATION PA%’ :. . DEPOnE COMPLEZflG PORN . ROTMUMek GOT.V3M ccE aLoN CIPIRNTS CAT ALOO NUNSER R-3129/l-USDP 4. rIm (amd $,;me#*.) L. TYPI...1981 March 1983 Japan - Tunisia 3.49 1.89 Switzerland - - United Arab Emirates 1.94 1.98 West Germany - - Venezuela 1.56 12.08) United States - .07

A Study to Develop a Model for an Implementable Health Promotion Program for the United States Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

for this age group included improved roadway safety, reducing the misuse of alcohol and drugs, changing values and social pressures regarding...The exact causes of suicide are uncl]ear. Certainly societv’s exoectations exert a great deal of pressure on this age group . This oressure mav manifest...population that may be useful could be derived from the PatientAdministration System and Biostatistical Activity or by conducting focused group studies

A Breeding Population of the Western Pacific Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) Established on the Atlantic Coast of North America.

PubMed

McDermott, J J

1991-08-01

The west Pacific grapsid crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus was found in the United States for the first time in 1988. Additional crabs were recovered in 1990 from Townsends Inlet and Cape May Harbor, New Jersey (22 males, 16 females), and four of the females collected from June through September were ovigerous. Thus, H. sanguineus has now established itself in southern New Jersey, the first well-documented case of an exotic brachyuran becoming established along the east coast of the United States.

West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2016.

PubMed

Burakoff, Alexis; Lehman, Jennifer; Fischer, Marc; Staples, J Erin; Lindsey, Nicole P

2018-01-12

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the continental United States (1,2). Other arboviruses, including La Crosse, Powassan, Jamestown Canyon, St. Louis encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis viruses, cause sporadic cases of disease and occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC for 2016 for nationally notifiable arboviruses. It excludes dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, as these are primarily nondomestic viruses typically acquired through travel. Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 2,240 cases of domestic arboviral disease, including 2,150 (96%) WNV disease cases. Of the WNV disease cases, 1,310 (61%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis), for a national incidence of 0.41 cases per 100,000 population. After WNV, the most frequently reported arboviruses were La Crosse (35 cases), Powassan (22), and Jamestown Canyon (15) viruses. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, maintaining surveillance is important to direct prevention activities.

West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2015.

PubMed

Krow-Lucal, Elisabeth; Lindsey, Nicole P; Lehman, Jennifer; Fischer, Marc; Staples, J Erin

2017-01-20

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. The leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States is West Nile virus (WNV) (1). Other arboviruses, including La Crosse, St. Louis encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and eastern equine encephalitis viruses, also cause sporadic cases and outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC in 2015 for nationally notifiable arboviruses. It excludes dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which are primarily nondomestic viruses typically acquired through travel (and are addressed in other CDC reports). In 2015, 45 states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 2,282 cases of domestic arboviral disease. Among these cases, 2,175 (95%) were WNV disease and 1,455 (67%) of those were classified as neuroinvasive disease (meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis). The national incidence of WNV neuroinvasive disease was 0.45 cases per 100,000 population. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, maintaining surveillance is important to direct prevention activities such as reduction of vector populations and screening of blood donors.

West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2014.

PubMed

Lindsey, Nicole P; Lehman, Jennifer A; Staples, J Erin; Fischer, Marc

2015-09-04

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States (1). However, several other arboviruses also cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC in 2014 for WNV and other nationally notifiable arboviruses, excluding dengue. Forty-two states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 2,205 cases of WNV disease. Of these, 1,347 (61%) were classified as WNV neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis), for a national incidence of 0.42 cases per 100,000 population. After WNV, the next most commonly reported cause of arboviral disease was La Crosse virus (80 cases), followed by Jamestown Canyon virus (11), St. Louis encephalitis virus (10), Powassan virus (8), and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (8). WNV and other arboviruses cause serious illness in substantial numbers of persons each year. Maintaining surveillance programs is important to help direct prevention activities.

Implementation of NGA-West2 ground motion models in the 2014 U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rezaeian, Sanaz; Petersen, Mark D.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Powers, Peter; Harmsen, Stephen C.; Frankel, Arthur D.

2014-01-01

The U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHMs) have been an important component of seismic design regulations in the United States for the past several decades. These maps present earthquake ground shaking intensities at specified probabilities of being exceeded over a 50-year time period. The previous version of the NSHMs was developed in 2008; during 2012 and 2013, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey have been updating the maps based on their assessment of the “best available science,” resulting in the 2014 NSHMs. The update includes modifications to the seismic source models and the ground motion models (GMMs) for sites across the conterminous United States. This paper focuses on updates in the Western United States (WUS) due to the use of new GMMs for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions developed by the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA-West2) project. Individual GMMs, their weighted combination, and their impact on the hazard maps relative to 2008 are discussed. In general, the combined effects of lower medians and increased standard deviations in the new GMMs have caused only small changes, within 5–20%, in the probabilistic ground motions for most sites across the WUS compared to the 2008 NSHMs.

Forest resource statistics for the Monongahela National Forest: 2000

Treesearch

Richard H. Widmann; Douglas M. Griffith

2004-01-01

During 1999-2000, the fifth inventory of West Virginia?s forest resources was conducted by the Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the USDA Forest Service?s Northeastern Research Station. The survey included a subsample within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF). The results showed that the MNF contains 899,000 acres of forest land, or 7.5 percent of the State?s...

Two Blades of Grass: A Summary of Two Studies on Agricultural Innovation in India.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy, Prodipto; And Others

Under contract with the United States Agency for International Development and Michigan State University, a study was made comparing diffusion of innovations in Brazil, Nigeria, and India. In India, the study was in two phases: a survey of 108 villages in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal; and a study of adoption behavior among 680…

The hot continental division: Oak forests, fire, and ecosystem management frame fuels management questions

Treesearch

Susan L. Stout; Matthew B. Dickinson; Gregory J. Nowacki

2012-01-01

The Hot Continental Division is one of the larger ecoregions within the continental United States (McNab and Avers 1994), incorporating portions of 19 States and extending from the eastern seacoast to areas west of the Mississippi River (chapter 1). The Division includes the Eastern (Oceanic) and Eastern (Continental) Broadleaf Forest Provinces and two Mountain...

Willingness to Pay for Mosquito Control in Key West, Florida and Tucson, Arizona.

PubMed

Dickinson, Katherine L; Hayden, Mary H; Haenchen, Steven; Monaghan, Andrew J; Walker, Kathleen R; Ernst, Kacey C

2016-04-01

Mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue are growing threats to the United States. Proactive mosquito control is one strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission. In 2012, we measured the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for increased mosquito control in two cities: Key West, FL, where there have been recent dengue outbreaks, and Tucson, AZ, where dengue vectors are established and WNV has been circulating for over a decade. Nearly three quarters of respondents in both cities (74% in Tucson and 73% in Key West) would be willing to pay $25 or more annually toward an increase in publicly funded mosquito control efforts. WTP was positively associated with income (both cities), education (Key West), and perceived mosquito abundance (Tucson). Concerns about environmental impacts of mosquito control were associated with lower WTP in Key West. Expanded mosquito control efforts should incorporate public opinion as they respond to evolving disease risks. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

The natural history of West Nile virus infection presenting with West Nile virus meningoencephalitis in a man with a prolonged illness: a case report.

PubMed

Mainali, Shraddha; Afshani, Mansoor; Wood, James B; Levin, Michael C

2011-05-25

Estimates indicate that West Nile virus infects approximately one and a half million people in the United States of America. Up to 1% may develop West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease, in which infected patients develop any combination of meningitis, encephalitis, or acute paralysis. A 56-year-old African-American man presented to our hospital with headache, restlessness, fever, myalgias, decreased appetite, and progressive confusion. A cerebrospinal fluid examination showed mild leukocytosis and an elevated protein level. Testing for routine infections was negative. Brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans showed marked enlargement of caudate nuclei and increased intensity within the basal ganglia and thalami. A West Nile virus titer was positive, and serial brain magnetic resonance imaging scans showed resolving abnormalities that paralleled his neurological examination. This report is unusual as it portrays the natural history and long-term consequences of West Nile virus meningoencephalitis diagnosed on the basis of serial brain images.

HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR THE PARTIAL-OXYGENATION OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS WITH HYDROGEN PERIOXIDE

EPA Science Inventory

A Methodology for the Evaluation of Process Sustainability
Michael Gonzalez*, Raymond Smith and Thomas Becker

United States Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development; Sustainable Technologies Division; 26 West Martin Luther King Drive; Cincinna...

Identification of Putative Geographically Isolated Wetlands of the Conterminous United States

EPA Science Inventory

Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are unique landscape features, defined as wetlands completely surrounded by uplands. Densely occurring in certain parts of the North America, GIWs include wetland types such as Prairie Potholes, Delmarva Ponds, West Coast or California Vern...

The brushland plow.

Treesearch

Thomas Coldwell; Joseph F. Pechanec

1950-01-01

A new implement, the "Brushland Plow," has been developed primarily for killing sagebrush or other undesirable shrubby plants on the rough, brushy range lands of the West. This plow, developed by the United States Forest Service, incorporates strength, flexibility, and clearance with a minimum of friction (fig. 1).

HOMOGENEOUS AIR OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS UTILIZING MN AND CO CATALYSTS

EPA Science Inventory

Homogeneous Air Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Utilizing Mn and Co Catalysts

Thomas M. Becker and Michael A. Gonzalez*, Sustainable Technology Division, Office of Research and Development; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Mail Sto...

The state of the research for health environment in the ministries of health of the Economic Community of the West African States (ECOWAS)

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background An assessment of the state of the Research for Health (R4H) environment can provide relevant information about what aspects of national health research systems needs strengthening, so that research output can be relevant to meet national priorities for decision-making. There is limited information on the state of the R4H environment in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This article describes the state of the R4H environment within the Ministries of Health of the ECOWAS member states and outlines of some possibilities to strengthen health research activities within the ECOWAS region. Methods Information on the national-level R4H environment (governance and management; existence of a national policy; strategic and research priorities documents; ethics committees; research funds; coordination structures; monitoring and evaluation systems; networking and capacity building opportunities) was collected from the Ministries of Health research units in 14 ECOWAS countries using self-administered questionnaires. A workshop was held where country report presentations and group discussions were used to review and validate responses. Data from the discussions was transcribed using Nvivo, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the functioning of the units was done using Robert Preziosi’s organisational diagnosis tool. Results The findings indicate that as of January 2011, 50% of ECOWAS countries had established directorates for health research with defined terms of reference. The existing funding mechanisms were inadequate to support the research structures within and outside the MoHs, and for building the capacity of researchers. Networking and monitoring activities were weak and only 7% of the directors of research units were trained in research management. The majority (85.7%) of countries had broader national health policies, and 57% of the countries had some form of policy or strategic document for research development. Half of the countries had developed national research priorities. Conclusions These results call for urgent action to improve the research environment in the Ministries of Health in the West African sub-region. PMID:24025451

The state of the research for health environment in the ministries of health of the Economic Community of the West African States (ECOWAS).

PubMed

Sombié, Issiaka; Aidam, Jude; Konaté, Blahima; Somé, Télesphore D; Kambou, Stanislas Sansan

2013-09-11

An assessment of the state of the Research for Health (R4H) environment can provide relevant information about what aspects of national health research systems needs strengthening, so that research output can be relevant to meet national priorities for decision-making. There is limited information on the state of the R4H environment in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This article describes the state of the R4H environment within the Ministries of Health of the ECOWAS member states and outlines of some possibilities to strengthen health research activities within the ECOWAS region. Information on the national-level R4H environment (governance and management; existence of a national policy; strategic and research priorities documents; ethics committees; research funds; coordination structures; monitoring and evaluation systems; networking and capacity building opportunities) was collected from the Ministries of Health research units in 14 ECOWAS countries using self-administered questionnaires. A workshop was held where country report presentations and group discussions were used to review and validate responses. Data from the discussions was transcribed using Nvivo, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the functioning of the units was done using Robert Preziosi's organisational diagnosis tool. The findings indicate that as of January 2011, 50% of ECOWAS countries had established directorates for health research with defined terms of reference. The existing funding mechanisms were inadequate to support the research structures within and outside the MoHs, and for building the capacity of researchers. Networking and monitoring activities were weak and only 7% of the directors of research units were trained in research management. The majority (85.7%) of countries had broader national health policies, and 57% of the countries had some form of policy or strategic document for research development. Half of the countries had developed national research priorities. These results call for urgent action to improve the research environment in the Ministries of Health in the West African sub-region.

Distribution and migration of races of the mourning dove

USGS Publications Warehouse

Aldrich, J.W.; Duvall, A.J.

1958-01-01

The Mourning Dove is a widespread species breeding in the non-boreal regions of North and Middle America and from the West Indies south to Panama. It is hunted extensively in many sections of the United States and in some sections of Canada, the West Indies, and Mexico....The trends in geographic variation of Mourning Doves are from dark coloration in the east to pale coloration in the west and from shorter wing length in tropical areas to longer in the temperate region. More rusty underparts are associated with birds of the West Indies, and extremely saturated coloration and relatively large bills and feet have been developed by the population on Clarion Island off the western coast of Mexico. The combinations of geographic variation result in the recognition of five geographic races, two of which breed on the mainland of North America. The race carolinensis of eastern United States can be distinguished from the western race, marginella, by the color of the wings alone, which makes possible the recognition of these racial components from the wings of doves taken from hunters? bags.....Taking Ridgway?s account in ?Birds of North and Middle America? as a basis, discrepancies in the descriptions of sex and racial characters are pointed out. Two races recognized by Ridgway and one suggested as possibly distinct were not substantiated. The occurrence of dark and pale types among the West Indian populations are considered of possible racial significance, but sufficient breeding material is lacking to study the problem satisfactorily.....The allocation of type specimens and names to the various recognizable races which appears in the most recent literature is considered satisfactory. The ecological boundaries between tropical and temperate life zones and between the western grasslands and eastern deciduous forest zones, generally speaking, separate distinct races from each other.....There is an extensive postbreeding wandering of birds in all directions, particularly northward, and there is an extensive mingling of racial types during migration. Concentrations of fall migrants occur in certain areas in the southwestern states and both east and west of the Gulf of Mexico.

Attitudes Toward Gender, Work, and Family among Female and Male Scientists in Germany and the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanson, Sandra L.; Fuchs, Stefan; Aisenbrey, Silke; Kravets, Natalyia

This research used a comparative approach and an elite framework to look at attitudes toward gender, work, and family among male and female scientists. The data came from the 1994 International Social Survey Program module measuring family and changing gender roles in (the former) East Germany, West Germany, and the United States. Research questions focused on the variation between the three samples in male scientists' attitudes regarding gender, work, and family; women's representation in science occupations; and the relation between the two. Another major concern was the extent to which female scientists express attitudes regarding gender, work, and family that resemble those of male scientists and the implications of these processes for increasing women's access to science. As predicted, male scientists in East Germany tended to have the most progressive attitudes (especially those regarding gender and work), East German women had the greatest access to science occupations, and there were virtually no sex differences in attitudes of East German scientists. West German male scientists were the most traditional on attitudes regarding gender and work, and U. S. male scientists tended to be the most traditional on attitudes regarding family. The attitudes of female scientists in West Germany and the United States reflected this larger trend, but there were sex differences within countries, with female scientists being more progressive than male scientists. Thus, the findings suggest that women s representation in science is related to the attitudes of male scientists regarding gender, work, and family. And although female scientists often hold quite similar attitudes as male scientists, there is considerable cross-country variation in how progressive the attitudes are and how similar men's and women's attitudes are. Implications for women's access to elite science occupations are discussed.

Alexander the Great and West Nile virus encephalitis.

PubMed

Marr, John S; Calisher, Charles H

2003-12-01

Alexander the Great died in Babylon in 323 BC. His death at age 32 followed a 2-week febrile illness. Speculated causes of death have included poisoning; assassination, and a number of infectious diseases. One incident, mentioned by Plutarch but not considered by previous investigators, may shed light on the cause of Alexander's death. The incident, which occurred as he entered Babylon, involved a flock of ravens exhibiting unusual behavior and subsequently dying at his feet. The inexplicable behavior of ravens is reminiscent of avian illness and death weeks before the first human cases of West Nile virus infection were identified in the United States. We posit that Alexander may have died of West Nile virus encephalitis.

Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis

PubMed Central

Marr, John S.

2003-01-01

Alexander the Great died in Babylon in 323 BC. His death at age 32 followed a 2-week febrile illness. Speculated causes of death have included poisoning, assassination, and a number of infectious diseases. One incident, mentioned by Plutarch but not considered by previous investigators, may shed light on the cause of Alexander’s death. The incident, which occurred as he entered Babylon, involved a flock of ravens exhibiting unusual behavior and subsequently dying at his feet. The inexplicable behavior of ravens is reminiscent of avian illness and death weeks before the first human cases of West Nile virus infection were identified in the United States. We posit that Alexander may have died of West Nile encephalitis. PMID:14725285

Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruppert, Leslie F.; Trippi, Michael H.; Slucher, Ernie R.

2010-01-01

This report contains a simplified provisional correlation chart that was compiled from both published and unpublished data in order to fill a need to visualize the currently accepted stratigraphic relations between Appalachian basin formations, coal beds and coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the northern, central, and southern Appalachian basin coal regions of Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Appalachian basin coal beds and coal zones were deposited in a variety of geologic settings throughout the Lower, Middle, and Upper Pennsylvanian and Pennsylvanian formations were defined on the presence or absence of economic coal beds and coarse-grained sandstones that often are local or regionally discontinuous. The correlation chart illustrates how stratigraphic units (especially coal beds and coal zones) and their boundaries can differ between States and regions.

Occupational fatalities in the United States commercial fishing industry, 2000-2009.

PubMed

Lincoln, Jennifer M; Lucas, Devin L

2010-10-01

The occupational fatality rate among commercial fishermen decreased in the United States during 1992-2008; however, commercial fishing continues to be one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States, with an average annual fatality rate of 129 deaths per 100,000 fishermen in 2008. By contrast, the average annual occupational fatality rate among all US workers during the same period was four deaths per 100,000 workers. During the 1990s, numerous safety interventions were developed for Alaska fisheries that resulted in a significant decline in the state's commercial fishing fatality rate. In 2007, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) expanded surveillance of commercial fishing fatalities to the rest of the United States. The purpose of this report is to identify the hazards and risk factors for all causes of occupational mortality in the US commercial fishing industry, and to explore how those hazards and risk factors differ among fisheries and locations. During 2000-2009, 504 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States. Most (261, 52%) occurred following a vessel disaster (defined as a sinking, capsizing, or other event in which the crew was forced to abandon ship) or a fall overboard (155, 31%). Fatalities occurred in Alaska (133, 26%), Northeast (124, 25%), Gulf of Mexico (116, 23%), West Coast (83, 16%), and the Mid- and South Atlantic (41, 8%) regions. Fatalities occurred most commonly while fishing for shellfish (226, 47%), groundfish (144, 30%) and pelagic fish (97, 20%). Average annual fatality rates were calculated for selected fisheries. The Northeast multispecies groundfish fleet had the highest average annual fatality rate (600 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent [FTE] fishermen) followed by the Atlantic scallop fleet (425 deaths per 100,000 FTE fishermen) and the West Coast Dungeness crab fleet (310 deaths per 100,000 FTE fishermen). To reduce fatalities among fishermen at greatest risk, additional prevention measures tailored to specific high-risk fisheries should be considered.

Current developments in understanding of West Nile virus central nervous system disease.

PubMed

Tyler, Kenneth L

2014-06-01

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis in the United States. We review articles published in the last 18 months related to the epidemiology, immunology, clinical features, and treatment of this disease. There was a resurgence in WNV disease in the United States in 2012. The WNV strain now predominant in the United States (NA/WN02) differs from the initial emergent isolate in 1999 (NY99). However, differences in the genetics of currently circulating United States WNV strains do not explain variations in epidemic magnitude or disease severity. Innate and acquired immunity are critical in control of WNV, and in some cases pathways are central nervous system specific. The clinical features of infection are now well understood, although nonconfirmed observations of chronic viral excretion in urine remain controversial. There is no specific antiviral therapy for WNV, but studies of antivirals specific for other flaviviruses may identify agents with promise against WNV. Phase I and II human WNV vaccine clinical trials have established that well tolerated and immunogenic WNV vaccines can be developed. WNV remains an important public health problem. Although recent studies have significantly increased our understanding of host immune and genetic factors involved in control of WNV infection, no specific therapy is yet available. Development of a well tolerated, immunogenic, and effective vaccine against WNV is almost certainly feasible, but economic factors and the lack of predictability of the magnitude and location of outbreaks are problematic for designing phase III trials and ultimate licensure.

Approaches to Identify Exceedances of Water Quality Thresholds Associated with Ocean Conditions

EPA Science Inventory

WED scientists have developed a method to help distinguish whether failures to meet water quality criteria are associated with natural coastal upwelling by using the statistical approach of logistic regression. Estuaries along the west coast of the United States periodically ha...

Chapter 8. Avocado history, biodiversity and production

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.). Avocado has been grown in the neotropics as far back as 10,000 BC. The species are scattered from northern Mexico through the southeastern United States, east through the West Indies and south through Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Pe...

Modern Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Mike

2006-01-01

New facilities at schools and universities are being designed that embrace the latest learning techniques and philosophies. The article describes two facilities that exemplify this trend: Thomas Jefferson Hall at the United States Military Academy at West Point, and Cass Technical High School library in Detroit, Michigan. Libraries, once thought…

40 CFR 79.59 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia West Virginia (ii) The following States... annual sales revenue for the previous three years shall be given. (iii) If the manufacturer claims... products and their emission rates reported in units of grams/mile. (iii) [Reserved] (iv) Tier 2 appendices...

40 CFR 79.59 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia West Virginia (ii) The following States... annual sales revenue for the previous three years shall be given. (iii) If the manufacturer claims... products and their emission rates reported in units of grams/mile. (iii) [Reserved] (iv) Tier 2 appendices...

Exploration and Colonial History. Grade 4 Model Lesson for Unit 3, Standard 4.3. California History-Social Science Course Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wendling, Laura

California was considered a special prize by the United States years before its acquisition. Its harbors opened to East Asian trade, and its fertile valleys beckoned settlers to make the great trek west. In 1845, Captain John C. Fremont took a surveying party into Mexican-held California. Following a war of skirmishes and battles with Mexico, the…

The Use of TKM-100802 and Convalescent Plasma in 2 Patients With Ebola Virus Disease in the United States.

PubMed

Kraft, Colleen S; Hewlett, Angela L; Koepsell, Scott; Winkler, Anne M; Kratochvil, Christopher J; Larson, LuAnn; Varkey, Jay B; Mehta, Aneesh K; Lyon, G Marshall; Friedman-Moraco, Rachel J; Marconi, Vincent C; Hill, Charles E; Sullivan, James N; Johnson, Daniel W; Lisco, Steven J; Mulligan, Mark J; Uyeki, Timothy M; McElroy, Anita K; Sealy, Tara; Campbell, Shelley; Spiropoulou, Christina; Ströher, Ute; Crozier, Ian; Sacra, Richard; Connor, Michael J; Sueblinvong, Viranuj; Franch, Harold A; Smith, Philip W; Ribner, Bruce S

2015-08-15

The current West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has resulted in multiple individuals being medically evacuated to other countries for clinical management. We report two patients who were transported from West Africa to the United States for treatment of EVD. Both patients received aggressive supportive care measures, as well as an investigational therapeutic (TKM-100802) and convalescent plasma. While one patient experienced critical illness with multi-organ failure requiring mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, both patients recovered without serious long-term sequelae to date. It is unclear what role the experimental drug and convalescent plasma had in the recovery of these patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of investigational therapies in the care of patients with EVD. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The ANS/ENS international student exchange program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bornstein, I.

1988-01-01

This program, called the ANS/ENS International Student Exchange Program, sponsors bilateral exchanges of engineering graduate students from universities located in the midwestern part of the United States with those from universities in France, West Germany and Japan. The American students are provided with summer jobs at leading research centers in France, West Germany and Japan. And, in turn, the students from those countries come to the United States to work at the Argonne National Laboratory. The Exchange Program has provided enriching experiences for nearly 100 American students and an equal number of students from abroad. These young men and womenmore » not only learn how technical work is conducted in a foreign country, they also learn about the people and their customs. When the students arrive to begin their assignments, they are usually strangers in a foreign culture. By the time they leave, they've become acquainted with the people, have formed strong bonds of friendship; and, in a small way, have helped foster international good and will understanding. 11 figs.« less

The Afro-Cardiac Study: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Acculturation in West African Immigrants in the United States: Rationale and Study Design.

PubMed

Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne; Sampah, Maame; Berko, Charles; Cudjoe, Joycelyn; Abu-Bonsrah, Nancy; Obisesan, Olawunmi; Agyemang, Charles; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Himmelfarb, Cheryl Dennison

2016-12-01

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States (US). African-descent populations bear a disproportionate burden of CVD risk factors. With the increase in the number of West African immigrants (WAIs) to the US over the past decades, it is imperative to specifically study this new and substantial subset of the African-descent population and how acculturation impacts their CVD risk. The Afro-Cardiac study, a community-based cross-sectional study of adult WAIs in the Baltimore-Washington metropolis. Guided by the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, we used a modification of the World Health Organization Steps survey to collect data on demographics, socioeconomic status, migration-related factors and behaviors. We obtained physical, biochemical, acculturation measurements as well as a socio-demographic and health history. Our study provides critical data on the CVD risk of WAIs. The framework used is valuable for future epidemiological studies addressing CVD risk and acculturation among immigrants.

View of portion of Western United States as seen by Skylab

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-01-10

SL4-139-4040 (10 Jan. 1974) --- An oblique view of a portion of the Western United States, as photographed from the Skylab space station in Earth orbit by one of the Skylab 4 crewmen. The camera used was a hand-held 70mm Hasselblad, with SO-368 medium-speed Ektachrome film. This photograph is one of a stereo pair (the other being 4039) taken to support the hydrological studies of the changing snow patterns in several watersheds. Stereo analysis will enable snow to be distinguished from clouds quantitatively. In a qualitative sense, the clouds are the fuzzy white, whereas the snow is distinct white. The area covered is from the Colorado Springs, Colorado area at the south to (and beyond) the Black Hills, South Dakota area. The Black Forest between Colorado Springs and Denver is evident as are the mountains west of these cities. South Park, west of Colorado Springs, and the South Platte River running north and east from Denver are two other conspicuous features. Photo credit: NASA

The use of convalescent plasma to treat emerging infectious diseases: focus on Ebola virus disease.

PubMed

Winkler, Anne M; Koepsell, Scott A

2015-11-01

The purpose of this review is to discuss the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases, focusing on the recent use for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Ebola convalescent plasma has been used as a therapy for treatment of EVD during the 2014 West Africa epidemic. Several cases from the United States and Europe have been recently published, in addition to multiple ongoing clinical trials in the United States and West Africa. Even more recently, convalescent plasma has been used for treatment of individuals with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Although the first reports of successful treatment with passive immune therapy date back to the early 1900s, convalescent plasma has materialized as a possible therapy for patients who develop infection from one of the emerging infectious diseases such as EVD or MERS-CoV, although the efficacy of such therapy has yet to be proven in clinical trials.

Chapter 7: Precipitation Change in the United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Easterling, D. R.; Kunkel, K. E.; Arnold, J. R.; Knutson, T.; LeGrande, A. N.; Leung, L. R.; Vose, R. S.; Waliser, D. E.; Wehner, M. F.

2017-01-01

Annual precipitation has decreased in much of the West, Southwest, and Southeast and increased in most of the Northern and Southern Plains, Midwest, and Northeast. A national average increase of 4% in annual precipitation since 1901 is mostly a result of large increases in the fall season. Heavy precipitation events in most parts of the United States have increased in both intensity and frequency since 1901. There are important regional differences in trends, with the largest increases occurring in the northeastern United States. In particular, mesoscale convective systems (organized clusters of thunderstorms)-the main mechanism for warm season precipitation in the central part of the United States-have increased in occurrence and precipitation amounts since 1979. The frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events are projected to continue to increase over the 21st century (high confidence). Mesoscale convective systems in the central United States are expected to continue to increase in number and intensity in the future. There are, however, important regional and seasonal differences in projected changes in total precipitation: the northern United States, including Alaska, is projected to receive more precipitation in the winter and spring, and parts of the southwestern United States are projected to receive less precipitation in the winter and spring. Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover extent, North America maximum snow depth, snow water equivalent in the western United States, and extreme snowfall years in the southern and western United States have all declined, while extreme snowfall years in parts of the northern United States have increased. Projections indicate large declines in snowpack in the western United States and shifts to more precipitation falling as rain than snow in the cold season in many parts of the central and eastern United States.

Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment.

PubMed

Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L; Docherty, Douglas E; McLean, Robert G; Zody, Michael C; Qu, James; Yang, Xiao; Birren, Bruce W; Malboeuf, Christine M; Newman, Ruchi M; Ip, Hon S; Holmes, Edward C

2016-01-15

The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion across the continent having a major impact on local bird populations. Despite the importance of this epizootic, the pattern, dynamics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the virus encountered major barriers to transmission, or spread in an unconstrained manner, and if specific viral lineages were favored over others indicative of intrinsic differences in fitness. To address these key questions in WNV evolution and ecology, we sequenced the complete genomes of approximately 300 avian isolates sampled across the United States between 2001 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a relatively star-like tree structure, indicative of explosive viral spread in the United States, although with some replacement of viral genotypes through time. These data are striking in that viral sequences exhibit relatively limited clustering according to geographic region, particularly for those viruses sampled from birds, and no strong phylogenetic association with well-sampled avian species. The genome sequence data analyzed here also contain relatively little evidence for adaptive evolution, particularly of structural proteins, suggesting that most viral lineages are of similar fitness and that WNV is well adapted to the ecology of mosquito vectors and diverse avian hosts in the United States. In sum, the molecular evolution of WNV in North America depicts a largely unfettered expansion within a permissive host and geographic population with little evidence of major adaptive barriers. How viruses spread in new host and geographic environments is central to understanding the emergence and evolution of novel infectious diseases and for predicting their likely impact. The emergence of the vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999 represents a classic example of this process. Using approximately 300 new viral genomes sampled from wild birds, we show that WNV experienced an explosive spread with little geographical or host constraints within birds and relatively low levels of adaptive evolution. From its introduction into the state of New York, WNV spread across the United States, reaching California and Florida within 4 years, a migration that is clearly reflected in our genomic sequence data, and with a general absence of distinct geographical clusters of bird viruses. However, some geographically distinct viral lineages were found to circulate in mosquitoes, likely reflecting their limited long-distance movement compared to avian species. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Summary of West Virginia Water-Resource Data through September 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Evaldi, R.D.; Ward, S.M.; White, J.S.

2009-01-01

The West Virginia Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State and Federal agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of West Virginia each water year. A water year is the 12-month period beginning October 1 and ending September 30. These data, accumulated during many years, constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. These data are maintained in the National Water Information System (NWIS) and are available through its World-Wide Web interface, NWISWeb, at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wv/nwis. Data can be retrieved in a variety of common formats, and a tutorial is available at http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/tutorial. Location information for all continuous-record gaging stations operated in West Virginia through September 2008 is provided in this report, as well as statistical summaries of the available daily records. This report can serve as an index to the daily records data available on the World-Wide Web. Hydrologic data for nearly all of the gaging stations identified in this report are also available in the annual publication series titled Water-Resources Data - West Virginia. This series of annual reports for West Virginia began with the 1961 water year with a report that contained only data relating to quantities of surface water. For the 1964 water year, a similar report was introduced that contained only data relating to water quality. Beginning with the 1975 water year, the report format was changed to include data on quantities of surface water, quality of surface water and groundwater, and groundwater levels. Prior to the introduction of the Water-Resources Data - West Virginia series and for several water years concurrent with it, water-resources data for West Virginia were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers. Data on stream discharge and stage and on lake or reservoir contents and stage through September 1960 were published annually under the title Surface-Water Supply of the United States, Parts 6A and 6B. For the 1961 through 1970 water years, the data were published in two 5-year reports. Data on chemical quality, temperature, and suspended sediment for the 1941 through 1970 water years were published annually under the title Quality of Surface Water of the United States, and water levels for the 1935 through 1974 water years were published under the title Ground-Water Levels in the United States. Many of the above mentioned Water-Supply Papers are available at the USGS Publications Warehouse (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov), and most of the others may be found in the collections of large libraries or may be purchased from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, Colorado 80225. Annual reports on hydrologic data are published by the Geological Survey for all states, and each has an identification number consisting of the two-letter state abbreviation, the last two digits of the water year, and the volume number. For example, the 2005 water year report for West Virginia is identified as U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WV-05-01. Water-Data Reports for West Virginia for 2001-2005 are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/#WV. Water-Data Reports for water years prior to 2006 are for sale in paper copy or microfiche by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Since the 2006 water year, the report is published online only and is available at http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/. When substantial errors in published records are discovered, the records are revised. Such revisions are routine and are made to records regardless of the age of the original records. Revisions have been made for many stations for which data are published in this report. The USGS National Water Information System always contains the most recent data revisions. For critical a

The Prevalence of Sexual Behavior Stigma Affecting Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Across Sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States

PubMed Central

Sanchez, Travis Howard; Sullivan, Patrick Sean; Ketende, Sosthenes; Lyons, Carrie; Charurat, Manhattan E; Drame, Fatou Maria; Diouf, Daouda; Ezouatchi, Rebecca; Kouanda, Seni; Anato, Simplice; Mothopeng, Tampose; Mnisi, Zandile; Baral, Stefan David

2016-01-01

Background There has been increased attention for the need to reduce stigma related to sexual behaviors among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) as part of comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment programming. However, most studies focused on measuring and mitigating stigma have been in high-income settings, challenging the ability to characterize the transferability of these findings because of lack of consistent metrics across settings. Objective The objective of these analyses is to describe the prevalence of sexual behavior stigma in the United States, and to compare the prevalence of sexual behavior stigma between MSM in Southern and Western Africa and in the United States using consistent metrics. Methods The same 13 sexual behavior stigma items were administered in face-to-face interviews to 4285 MSM recruited in multiple studies from 2013 to 2016 from 7 Sub-Saharan African countries and to 2590 MSM from the 2015 American Men’s Internet Survey (AMIS), an anonymous Web-based behavioral survey. We limited the study sample to men who reported anal sex with a man at least once in the past 12 months and men who were aged 18 years and older. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare the prevalence of stigma between groups. Results Within the United States, prevalence of sexual behavior stigma did not vary substantially by race/ethnicity or geographic region except in a few instances. Feeling afraid to seek health care, avoiding health care, feeling like police refused to protect, being blackmailed, and being raped were more commonly reported in rural versus urban settings in the United States (P<.05 for all). In the United States, West Africa, and Southern Africa, MSM reported verbal harassment as the most common form of stigma. Disclosure of same-sex practices to family members increased prevalence of reported stigma from family members within all geographic settings (P<.001 for all). After adjusting for potential confounders and nesting of participants within countries, AMIS-2015 participants reported a higher prevalence of family exclusion (P=.02) and poor health care treatment (P=.009) as compared with participants in West Africa. However, participants in both West Africa (P<.001) and Southern Africa (P<.001) reported a higher prevalence of blackmail. The prevalence of all other types of stigma was not found to be statistically significantly different across settings. Conclusions The prevalence of sexual behavior stigma among MSM in the United States appears to have a high absolute burden and similar pattern as the same forms of stigma reported by MSM in Sub-Saharan Africa, although results may be influenced by differences in sampling methodology across regions. The disproportionate burden of HIV is consistent among MSM across Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, suggesting the need in all contexts for stigma mitigation interventions to optimize existing evidence-based and human-rights affirming HIV prevention and treatment interventions. PMID:27460627

Predictable ecology and geography of West Nile virus transmission in the central United States.

PubMed

Peterson, A Townsend; Robbins, Amber; Restifo, Robert; Howell, James; Nasci, Roger

2008-12-01

West Nile virus (WNV) arrived in North America and spread rapidly through the western hemisphere. We present a series of tests to determine whether ecological factors are consistently associated with WNV transmission to humans. We analyzed human WNV cases in the states of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio in 2002 and 2003, building ecological niche models to associate WNV case occurrences with ecological and environmental parameters. In essentially all tests, both within states, among states, between years, and across the region, we found high predictivity of WNV case distributions, suggesting that one or more elements in the WNV transmission cycle has a strong ecological determination. Areas in the geographic region included in this study predicted as suitable for WNV transmission tended to have lower values of the vegetation indices in the summer months, pointing to consistent ecological differences between suitable and unsuitable areas.

Developing Leadership Capacity in Others: An Examination of High School Principals' Personal Capacities for Fostering Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huggins, Kristin Shawn; Klar, Hans W.; Hammonds, Hattie L.; Buskey, Frederick C.

2017-01-01

In this multisite case study, we examine the personal capacities of six high school principals who have developed the leadership capacities of other leaders in their respective schools. Participants were purposefully selected by two teams of researchers in two states of the United States, one on the east coast and one on the west coast, who…

75 FR 36348 - Opportunity for Designation in the Amarillo, TX; Cairo, IL; and State of North Carolina Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

... by the southern Childress County line to the western Childress County line north to U.S. Route 287; U.S. Route 287 northwest to Donley County; the southern Donley and Armstrong County lines west to... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 7(f)(1) of the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA) (7 U.S.C. 71-87k...

75 FR 24744 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... Decree in United States of America v. AGC Flat Glass North America, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 1:10... County, West Virginia (the ``Site''). The Consent Decree obligates AGC Flat Glass North America, Inc. and... States of America v. AGC Flat Glass North America, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 1:10-cv-00069-IMK, (N.D...

International Crisis Information Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

AU African Union CA Civil Affairs (Specifically United States Army) CDHAM Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine CEMAC Economic...Department of Defense DODD Department of Defense Directive ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FR First Responder HA...passion, such as rugby fans on Rugby365.com, or music lovers on MP3.com. These people exchange ideas and thoughts about the given passion.”83 The

Mass Deacidification Procedures for Libraries and Archives: State of Development and Perspectives for Implementation in the Federal Republic of Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwerdt, Peter

Translated from its original German because of the great interest in mass deacidification in the United States, this report summarizes a substantial study of deacidification techniques conducted for the West German Library by the Battelle Institute. It begins with a summary of the findings of the study, which is followed by discussions of: (1) The…

The role of temperature on the spatiotemporal distribution of West Nile virus in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horton, D. E.; Kilpatrick, A. M.; Ruybal, J.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.

2012-12-01

Determining the relationship between climatological factors and vector-borne pathogens remains a critical challenge. The recent arrival of the West Nile virus (WNV) to the Americas, coupled with an extensive climatological and disease observation network, offers the potential to improve our mechanistic understanding of climate's influence on vector-borne disease transmission. Since its introduction to the Americas in the summer of 1999, the West Nile Virus (WNV) has rapidly spread from coastal New York State, across the North American continent, and into Central and South America. To date, 13,385 cases of WNV-induced human neuroinvasive disease have been reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, with approximately 1,267 fatalities attributed to viral infection (as of 31 July 2012). Of those infected, severe symptoms develop in only ~1 in 150 people, suggesting that the total U.S. population infected with WNV is on the order of 2 million. The transmission of WNV is predominantly vector-borne, with three mosquitoes of the Culex genus, pipiens, tarsalis, and quinquefasciatus, largely responsible for the spread of the pathogen between avian and human hosts and across the contiguous United States. In this contribution, we synthesize laboratory and local-scale field studies of the Culex vectors with observed and modeled climatological data in an attempt to determine the mechanistic influence of temperature on the spatiotemporal distribution of WNV incidence across the United States. Our preliminary results suggest that many of the physiological factors that determine the transmission intensity of WNV, including mosquito biting rate, vector competence, infection transition rate, and mosquito mortality rate, demonstrate direct temperature dependencies. Based on these results, we utilize bias-corrected outputs from late-20th and mid-21st century CMIP5 simulations to examine the influence of temperature on the distribution of WNV relative to other factors and to explore the potential changes to WNV transmission intensity in a warming climate.

Ebola: Implications and Perspectives

PubMed Central

Del Rio, Carlos; Guarner, Jeannette

2015-01-01

The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa has been the largest in recorded history. During this Ebola epidemic, the media has focused much attention to the magnitude of the problem in West Africa but has also overplayed the potential for an Ebola virus pandemic as patients have been transported for treatment to the United States and Europe causing panic and paranoia in the population. Knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention of this infection will allow a better understanding of the disease and decrease irrational fear of spread. PMID:26330663

Clinical and pathologic features of West Nile virus infection in native North American owls (Family strigidae).

PubMed

Fitzgerald, S D; Patterson, J S; Kiupel, M; Simmons, H A; Grimes, S D; Sarver, C F; Fulton, R M; Steficek, B A; Cooley, T M; Massey, J P; Sikarskie, J G

2003-01-01

Since the initial report of West Nile virus in the northeastern United States in 1999, the virus has spread rapidly westward and southward across the country. In the summer of 2002, several midwestern states reported increased cases of neurologic disease and mortality associated with West Nile virus infection in various native North American owl species. This report summarizes the clinical and pathologic findings for 13 captive and free-ranging owls. Affected species were all in the family Strigidae and included seven snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca), four great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus), a barred owl (Strix varia), and a short-eared owl (Asio flammeus). Neurologic signs identified included head tilt, uncoordinated flight, paralysis, tremors, and seizures. Owls that died were screened for flaviviral proteins by immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed tissues, followed by specific polymerase chain reaction assay to confirm West Nile virus with fresh tissues when available. Microscopic lesions were widespread, involving brain, heart, liver, kidney, and spleen, and were typically nonsuppurative with infiltration by predominantly lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lesions in owls were much more severe than those previously reported in corvids such as crows, which are considered highly susceptible to infection and are routinely used as sentinel species for monitoring for the presence and spread of West Nile virus. This report is the first detailed description of the pathology of West Nile virus infection in Strigiformes and indicates that this bird family is susceptible to natural infection with West Nile virus.

West Nile virus infection.

PubMed

Guharoy, Roy; Gilroy, Shelley A; Noviasky, John A; Ference, Jonathan

2004-06-15

The epidemiology, virology, and transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) are reviewed, and the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of WNV infection are examined. WNV infection is caused by a flavivirus transmitted from birds to humans through the bite of culicine mosquitoes. WNV was discovered in the blood of a febrile woman from Uganda's West Nile province in 1937. The first case of domestically acquired WNV infection was reported in the United States in 1999 in New York. Since then, WNV infection has spread rapidly across the United States, with 9306 confirmed cases and 210 deaths reported from 45 states in 2003. It is still not clear how WNV was introduced into North America. WNV is a small, single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the Japanese encephalitis virus antigenic complex. While most humans infected with WNV are asymptomatic, some may develop an influenza-like illness. Disease surveillance remains the cornerstone for the early recognition and control of WNV. We describe one case of WNV infection with an update on the disease. Strategies for the prevention and control of this infection are reviewed. There is no established treatment for WNV infection. Currently, prevention and control are the only measures that help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with WNV infection. As the number of cases escalates and the geographic distribution of WNV infection widens, the epidemic will continue to pose a major challenge to clinicians in the coming years. There is an urgent need for more research on the pathogenesis and treatment of WNV infection.

Liberia: America's Closest African Ally.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Samuel; Mowell, Barry

1997-01-01

Profiles Liberia, the West African nation patterned after the United States and colonized with freed U.S. slaves in the early 19th century. Reviews the country's history and its eruption into civil strife in 1990, showing how tensions have often characterized relationships between Liberians of different ethnic identities. (MJP)

Yellow-Poplar Site Index Curves

Treesearch

Donald E. Beck

1962-01-01

Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) occurs naturally throughout the eastern and central United States from southern New England west to Michigan and south to Florida and Louisiana. Because of its wide occurrence, yellow-poplar grows under a variety of climatic, edaphic, and biotic conditions. Combinations of these different environmental...

WICHE Workplan 2013

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2012

2012-01-01

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) and its 15 member states work to improve access to higher education and ensure student success. Their student exchange programs, regional initiatives, and research and policy work allow them to assist constituents throughout the West and beyond. In fiscal 2013 WICHE's four units--Programs…

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, August, 1971 STREETSCAPE SHOWING SOUTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, August, 1971 STREETSCAPE SHOWING SOUTH (FRONT) ELEVATIONS OF LOVE AND BILGER TIN SHOP (FAR LEFT), SACHS BROTHERS STORE, NEUBER'S JEWELRY STORE, KAHLER'S DRUG STORE, BEEKMAN BANK, UNITED STATES HOTEL. - Neuber's Jewelry Store, 130 West California Street, Jacksonville, Jackson County, OR

75 FR 78685 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-16

... be effective without further notice on January 18, 2011 unless comments are received which result in... name: Economic and Manpower Analysis (OEMA) Database (October 1, 2008, 73 FR 57082). * * * * * Changes... Economic and Manpower Analysis (OEMA), 607 Cullum Road, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY...

Evaluating U.S. and EU Trans Sahel Policies

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

elected leaders as well as young Africans who are leaders in civil society and entrepreneurship . Protecting Human Rights, Civil Society, and...GSPC: Newest Franchise in al-Qa‘ida‘s Global Jihad,‖ The Combating Terrorism Center, United States Military Academy, West Point, April 2007, 2. 40

The Geography of Undocumented Mexican Migration

PubMed Central

Massey, Douglas S.; Rugh, Jacob S.; Pren, Karen A.

2010-01-01

Using data from Mexico’s Matrícula Consular program, we analyze the geographic organization of undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. We show that emigration has moved beyond its historical origins in west-central Mexico into the central region and, to a lesser extent, the southeast and border regions. In the United States, traditional gateways continue to dominate, but a variety of new destinations have emerged. California, in particular, has lost its overwhelming dominance. Although the geographic structure of Mexico-U.S. migration is relatively stable, it has nonetheless continued to evolve and change over time. PMID:20814589

Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eidson, M.; Komar, N.; Sorhage, F.; Nelson, R.; Talbot, T.; Mostashari, F.; McLean, R.; ,

2001-01-01

In addition to human encephalitis and meningitis cases, the West Nile (WN) virus outbreak in the summer and fall of 1999 in New York State resulted in bird deaths in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. From August to December 1999, 295 dead birds were laboratory-confirmed with WN virus infection; 262 (89%) were American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The New York State Department of Health received reports of 17,339 dead birds, including 5,697 (33%) crows; in Connecticut 1,040 dead crows were reported. Bird deaths were critical in identifying WN virus as the cause of the human outbreak and defining its geographic and temporal limits. If established before a WN virus outbreak, a surveillance system based on bird deaths may provide a sensitive method of detecting WN virus.

Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Warmouth

USGS Publications Warehouse

McMahon, Thomas E.; Gebhart, Glen; Maughan, O. Eugene; Nelson, Patrick C.

1984-01-01

The wa rmouth (Lepomi s gul osus) occurs naturally throughout the central and southeastern United States. It is distributed throughout Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, north to southern Wisconsin, lower Michigan, Lake Erie, and western Pennsylvania, and south to Florida and west through the Gulf States to the Rio Grande (Hubbs and Lagler 1947; Larimore 1957). It has been introduced into California (Hubble 1966; Moyle 1976), Arizona (Minckley 1973), and other western states (Smith 1896).

Regional nutrient trends in streams and rivers of the United States, 1993-2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sprague, Lori A.; Lorenz, David L.

2009-01-01

Trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (indicators of anthropogenic changes) and observed concentrations (indicators of natural and anthropogenic changes) of total phosphorus and total nitrogen from 1993 to 2003 were evaluated in the eastern, central, and western United States by adapting the Regional Kendall trend test to account for seasonality and spatial correlation. The only significant regional trend was an increase in flow-adjusted concentrations of total phosphorus in the central United States, which corresponded to increases in phosphorus inputs from fertilizer in the region, particularly west of the Mississippi River. A similar upward regional trend in observed total phosphorus concentrations in the central United States was not found, likely because precipitation and runoff decreased during drought conditions in the region, offsetting the increased source loading on the land surface. A greater number of regional trends would have been significant if spatial correlation had been disregarded, indicating the importance of spatial correlation modifications in regional trend assessments when sites are not spatially independent.

Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1934-1936. Bulletin, 1937, No. 2. Volume II. Chapter III: Statistics of City School Systems, 1935-36

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herlihy, Lester B.; Deffenbaugh, Walter S.

1938-01-01

This report presents statistics of city school systems for the school year 1935-36. prior to 1933-34 school statistics for cities included in county unit systems were estimated. Most of these cities are in Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, and West Virginia. Since the method of estimating school statistics for the cities included with the counties in…

International Energy Agency instrumented facilities survey for solar assisted low energy dwellings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1982-02-01

Compiled are surveys outlining the instrumentation of 38 active and passive solar projects in 9 countries (Denmark, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and West Germany). After the surveys themselves are presented, the data are rearranged to compare answers from similar survey questions for each of the projects. These questions address building, solar system and instrumentation descriptions and meteorological, solar system and building system instrumentatation capabilities. (LEW)

Twenty-year summary of surveillance for human hantavirus infections, United States.

PubMed

Knust, Barbara; Rollin, Pierre E

2013-12-01

In the past 20 years of surveillance for hantavirus in humans in the United States, 624 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) have been reported, 96% of which occurred in states west of the Mississippi River. Most hantavirus infections are caused by Sin Nombre virus, but cases of HPS caused by Bayou, Black Creek Canal, Monongahela, and New York viruses have been reported, and cases of domestically acquired hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome caused by Seoul virus have also occurred. Rarely, hantavirus infections result in mild illness that does not progress to HPS. Continued testing and surveillance of clinical cases in humans will improve our understanding of the etiologic agents involved and the spectrum of diseases.

Recent progress in West Nile virus diagnosis and vaccination

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, a large family with 3 main genera (flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus). Among these viruses, there are several globally relevant human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Since the mid-1990s, outbreaks of WN fever and encephalitis have occurred throughout the world and WNV is now endemic in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe and the Unites States. This review describes the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and highlights recent progress regarding diagnosis and vaccination against WNV infections. PMID:22380523

Geographical Clusters and Predictors of Rabies in Three Southeastern States.

PubMed

Reilly, Sara; Sanderson, Wayne T; Christian, W Jay; Browning, Steven R

2017-06-01

The rabies virus causes progressive encephalomyelitis that is fatal in nearly 100% of untreated cases. In the United States, wildlife act as the primary reservoir for rabies; prevention, surveillance, and control costs remain high. The purpose of this study is to understand the current distribution of wildlife rabies in three southeastern states, with particular focus on raccoons as the primary eastern reservoir, as well as identify demographic and geographic factors which may affect the risk of human exposure. This ecologic study obtained county-level rabies surveillance data from state health departments and the United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife services for North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia from 2010 to 2013. A spatial statistical analysis was performed to identify county clusters with high or low rates of raccoon rabies in the three states. Potential demographic and geographic factors associated with these varying rates of rabies were assessed using a multivariable negative binomial regression model. In North Carolina, raccoons constituted 50% of positive tests, in Virginia, 49%, and in West Virginia, 50%. Compared to persons residing in West Virginia counties, persons in North Carolina counties had 1.67 times the risk of exposure (p < 0.0001) to a rabid raccoon and those in Virginia counties had 1.82 times the risk of exposure (p < 0.0001) to a rabid raccoon. Compared to those counties where farmland makes up less than 17% of the total area, persons residing in counties with 17-28% farmland had a 32% increased risk of exposure to a rabid raccoon. In counties with 28-39% farmland, there was an 84% increased risk of exposure. State, rurality, and percent of area designated as farmland were the best predictors of risk of raccoon rabies exposure. Further research is needed to better understand the effect of the oral rabies vaccine program in controlling the risk of human exposure to raccoon rabies.

The Fruit of Silence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Marilyn

2006-01-01

This presentation explores how contemplative practices, especially those anchored in an active listening to silence, are integrated into creative writing courses. It pays particular attention to a course taught at the United States Military Academy at West Point and to a course on the poetry of war and peace taught at the University of…

Lessons from the Global South

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Mary; Montalvo, Marianne; Rhodes, Rebecca

2010-01-01

What can Mali, an impoverished, land-locked West African nation, teach educators about mobile technology? Little to nothing, one might think. Yet in Mali, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, teachers and students are increasingly using mobile technologies for learning and teaching. While educators in the United States have debated whether, why, and…

Women in Higher Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).

This volume contains 11 papers on the under-representation of women in higher education management in Bahrain, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, the United States and Canada, the South Pacific and the West Indies. All papers were written by women vice-chancellors, presidents and senior managers of universities in those…

Postmaterialism, Control Beliefs and Prejudice: A Cross-Cultural Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyquist, Linda; And Others

This study analyzed responses to members of different outgroups or persons of another nationality, race, religion, culture, and social class in formerly West and East Germany and in the United States. These analyses support the position that a person's general values, specifically materialism or postmaterialsim, and general beliefs concerning…

North American Biome

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The North America biome includes the major ecoregions that make up the land area of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and countries in Central America. The biome is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the s...

Transborder Flow of Computerized Information: Controls and Restrictions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shrader, Erwin

Of major concern to United States position and policy in the telecommunications and information areas is "transborder data flow," the transferring of computer stored data between nations. Many European nations, including France, Austria, and West Germany, have enacted laws regulating the flow of information leaving the country where it…

Assessing Hydropower in the West

DOE PAGES

Johnson, Megan M.; Uria Martinez, Rocio

2015-06-01

On April 27, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released the 2014 Hydropower Market Report, which provides a quantitative baseline on the distribution, capabilities, and status of hydropower in the United States. Although the report shows many interesting trends and figures, this article focuses on those related to the western region.

7 CFR 319.69 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Mexico, and the countries of Central America, the West Indies, and South America. (3) Cotton and cotton... an appreciable admixture of vegetable matter, from all countries, which is authorized as safe for... prohibited entry into the United States from the countries and localities named: (1) Rice straw, hulls, and...

7 CFR 319.69 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Mexico, and the countries of Central America, the West Indies, and South America. (3) Cotton and cotton... an appreciable admixture of vegetable matter, from all countries, which is authorized as safe for... prohibited entry into the United States from the countries and localities named: (1) Rice straw, hulls, and...

Characteristics of the Class of 1982

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

classification systems have you used? A. Dewey Decimal System. B. Library of Congress System. C. Both. D. Neither. 93. Have you consulted periodical...I y 4󈨒-019 UNITED V STATES, -- I ~j~1MILITARY I ~ ACADEMY WEST POINT, NEW YORK ~ J~x~ A ’ CHARACTERISTICS OF -THE CLASS OF 1982 ID DDC

49 CFR 71.10 - Pacific zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.10 Pacific zone. The fifth zone, the Pacific standard time zone, includes that part of the continental United States that is west of the boundary line between the mountain and Pacific standard time zones described in § 71.9, but...

7 CFR 985.1 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Secretary. 985.1 Section 985.1 Agriculture Regulations... SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.1 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any other officer or employee of the U.S...

7 CFR 985.1 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Secretary. 985.1 Section 985.1 Agriculture Regulations... SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.1 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any other officer or employee of the U.S...

7 CFR 985.1 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secretary. 985.1 Section 985.1 Agriculture Regulations... SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.1 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any other officer or employee of the U.S...

7 CFR 985.1 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Secretary. 985.1 Section 985.1 Agriculture Regulations... SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.1 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any other officer or employee of the U.S...

7 CFR 985.1 - Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Secretary. 985.1 Section 985.1 Agriculture Regulations... SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.1 Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any other officer or employee of the U.S...

DISTRIBUTION OF NONINDIGENOUS BENTHIC SPECIES IN THE SMALL ESTUARIES OF CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON

EPA Science Inventory

Nonindigenous species are a major threat to the sustainability and integrity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. San Francisco Bay is the most heavily invated water body in the United States, however, it is not clear whether other west coast estuaries are also heavily invaded...

77 FR 27481 - United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

..., BCE has been so irresponsible that there are several public schools in Anne Arundel County which have no access to natural gas for heating forcing the county to heat the schools with fuel oil not to... Tsunami that the East German Government built a wall around West Berlin, then started shooting people who...

Flying Squirrel–associated Typhus, United States

PubMed Central

Krebs, John W.; Comer, James A.; Sumner, John W.; Rushton, Thomas C.; Lopez, Carlos E.; Nicholson, William L.; Rooney, Jane A.; Lance-Parker, Susan E.; McQuiston, Jennifer H.; Paddock, Christopher D.; Childs, James E.

2003-01-01

In March 2002, typhus fever was diagnosed in two patients residing in West Virginia and Georgia. Both patients were hospitalized with severe febrile illnesses, and both had been recently exposed to or had physical contact with flying squirrels or flying squirrel nests. Laboratory results indicated Rickettsia prowazekii infection. PMID:14609478

Colombia: Educating the Most Disadvantaged Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luschei, Thomas F.; Vega, Laura

2015-01-01

The United States has long struggled with the challenge of educating children experiencing extreme disadvantage, including the poor, ethnic and racial minorities, English language learners, and foster children. In this article, we argue that solutions to this problem lie not to the east or west, but to the south. Specifically, we offer the…

Employing spatial information technologies to monitor biological control of saltcedar in West Texas

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhadha spp.) has shown promise as a biocontrol agent for saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) invasions in the United States. In Texas, natural resource managers need assistance in monitoring biological control of invasive saltcedars. This study describes application of a medium fo...

The Price of a Token.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoder, Janice D.; And Others

As women enter nontraditional occupations and training programs, tokenism may develop and its side-effects of visibility, contrast, and assimilation may appear. Each of these effects was encountered by the first class of women cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1976, who received great visibility from the news media. This…

Taming the Wild West: United States Nuclear Policy (1945-1961)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

Terms It is important to define a few terms and phrases used when discussing nuclear doctrine and strategy. While this list is not all- inclusive , it...in staging a demonstration or compromising the secrecy the Manhattan Project worked so hard to maintain. Therefore, the recommendation was to use

Methamphetamine: Putting the Brakes on Speed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gettig, Jacob P.; Grady, Sarah E.; Nowosadzka, Izabella

2006-01-01

In only recent history, illicit use of methamphetamine, once isolated to urban areas on the West Coast, has spread into rural areas of the Midwest and southern United States. Although past and current methamphetamine legislation has increased penalties for methamphetamine manufacturers and tightened restrictions on sales of known precursors, the…

6. Photocopy of drawing (from Annual Report of the Supervising ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of drawing (from Annual Report of the Supervising Architect for the Year 1877. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, between pp. 10-11.) James G. Hill, Supervising Architect, Treasury Department SOUTH FRONT AND WEST SIDE - United States Post Office & Courthouse, Third & Walnut Streets, Harrisburg, Dauphin County, PA

Tiempos Pasados (Past Times). Grass-Roots Oral History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunsaker, Alan, Ed.

Compiled with learning objectives, suggested lesson plans, learning center activities, and selected teacher and student bibliographies for use at the elementary level, transcripts of oral history interviews with 11 Mexican Americans in San Bernardino County's West End provide understanding of the mass movement of Mexicans to the United States in…

World Music Ensemble: Kulintang

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beegle, Amy C.

2012-01-01

As instrumental world music ensembles such as steel pan, mariachi, gamelan and West African drums are becoming more the norm than the exception in North American school music programs, there are other world music ensembles just starting to gain popularity in particular parts of the United States. The kulintang ensemble, a drum and gong ensemble…

Evolution and history of Giant Sequoia

Treesearch

H. Thomas Harvey

1986-01-01

Ancient ancestors of the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum [Lindl.] Buchholz) were widespread throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere during the late Mesozoic Period. Climatic conditions changed, forcing the more recent ancestors of present giant sequoia into the southwestern United States. The native range is now restricted to the west slope of the Sierra...

EARLY WARNING INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION: EXAMPLES OF TESTS IN THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT

EPA Science Inventory

Perennial grasslands that dominated the south-west United States during the past 10,000 years have been desertified to varying extents. Desertification is a temporal phenomenon, defined in this paper as a change in the scale of the spatial distribution of resources. We report her...

Perspectives on Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bents, Richard; Trygestad, JoAnn

Students assessed as having different personality types were queried concerning their perspectives on peace. Two hundred seventy-five students (ages 14-18) from Poland, West Germany, and the United States defined peace and indicated the degree of influence they felt they have on the future. Differences in definitions of peace, optimism, and degree…

Common and uncommon sense about erosional processes in mountain lands

Treesearch

R. M. Rice

1981-01-01

Current knowledge of erosional processes in mountainous watersheds is reviewed with emphasis on the west coast of the United States. Appreciation of the relative magnitude of erosional processes may be distorted by the tendency for researchers to study ""problems"" and by the relatively short time span of their records

Measuring Crustal Deformation in the American West.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Thomas H.; Minster, J. Bernard

1988-01-01

Suggests that there is a close relationship between deformation in the western United States and the large-scale motions of tectonic plates. Introduces very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) as one of the space-geodetic techniques, vector addition of the VLBI data and geological data, and a new geodetic network. (YP)

The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity

PubMed Central

Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon

2016-01-01

We present a comprehensive assessment of genomic diversity in the African-American population by studying three genotyped cohorts comprising 3,726 African-Americans from across the United States that provide a representative description of the population across all US states and socioeconomic status. An estimated 82.1% of ancestors to African-Americans lived in Africa prior to the advent of transatlantic travel, 16.7% in Europe, and 1.2% in the Americas, with increased African ancestry in the southern United States compared to the North and West. Combining demographic models of ancestry and those of relatedness suggests that admixture occurred predominantly in the South prior to the Civil War and that ancestry-biased migration is responsible for regional differences in ancestry. We find that recent migrations also caused a strong increase in genetic relatedness among geographically distant African-Americans. Long-range relatedness among African-Americans and between African-Americans and European-Americans thus track north- and west-bound migration routes followed during the Great Migration of the twentieth century. By contrast, short-range relatedness patterns suggest comparable mobility of ∼15–16km per generation for African-Americans and European-Americans, as estimated using a novel analytical model of isolation-by-distance. PMID:27232753

Ukraine’s Search for its Place in Europe: The East or the West?

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

Slovakia, Poland and Romania . European national histories show that states have not always been continuous, administrative boundaries change...process of state-building in Ukraine has lacked the necessary spiritual foundation, that is one United Ukrainian Orthodox Church…the development of...communities are Christian.55 About half are in the Orthodox tradition. The other half is divided among Catholics and Protestants. There are three major

A Review of Vaccine Approaches for West Nile Virus

PubMed Central

Iyer, Arun V.; Kousoulas, Konstantin G.

2013-01-01

The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. The North American lineages of WNV were characterized by the presence of neuroinvasive and neurovirulent strains causing disease and death in humans, birds and horses. The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002–2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999–2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. This review discusses the advances in the development of vaccines and biologicals to combat human and veterinary West Nile disease. PMID:24025396

Ebola in West Africa—CDC’s Role in Epidemic Detection, Control, and Prevention

PubMed Central

Damon, Inger K.

2015-01-01

Since Ebola virus disease was identified in West Africa on March 23, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has undertaken the most intensive response in the agency’s history; >3,000 staff have been involved, including >1,200 deployed to West Africa for >50,000 person workdays. Efforts have included supporting incident management systems in affected countries; mobilizing partners; and strengthening laboratory, epidemiology, contact investigation, health care infection control, communication, and border screening in West Africa, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, and the United States. All efforts were undertaken as part of national and global response activities with many partner organizations. CDC was able to support community, national, and international health and public health staff to prevent an even worse event. The Ebola virus disease epidemic highlights the need to strengthen national and international systems to detect, respond to, and prevent the spread of future health threats. PMID:26484940

Intimate Partner Violence among West African Immigrants

PubMed Central

AKINSULURE-SMITH, ADEYINKA M.; CHU, TRACY; KEATLEY, EVA; RASMUSSEN, ANDREW

2013-01-01

Although the number of African immigrants arriving to the United States has increased significantly, there has been little investigation regarding their experiences of intimate partner violence or coping strategies. This study used focus groups and individual interviews to explore intimate partner violence among 32 heterosexual West African immigrants. Results suggest that although cultural expectations influence their coping strategies, West African–born men and women face different realities, with women reporting multiple instances of abuse and a sense of frustration with the existing options for assistance. Although participants discussed multilevel support structures within the immediate West African community to address intimate partner violence, all of these options maintained a gender hierarchy, leaving women dissatisfied. Challenges and barriers to partner violence resolution and coping strategies are identified. Results are examined in terms of their implications for addressing the needs of this underserved population. Implications for future research and services are discussed and highlighted. PMID:23730146

A review of vaccine approaches for West Nile virus.

PubMed

Iyer, Arun V; Kousoulas, Konstantin G

2013-09-10

The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. The North American lineages of WNV were characterized by the presence of neuroinvasive and neurovirulent strains causing disease and death in humans, birds and horses. The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. This review discusses the advances in the development of vaccines and biologicals to combat human and veterinary West Nile disease.

Ebola in West Africa--CDC's Role in Epidemic Detection, Control, and Prevention.

PubMed

Frieden, Thomas R; Damon, Inger K

2015-11-01

Since Ebola virus disease was identified in West Africa on March 23, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has undertaken the most intensive response in the agency's history; >3,000 staff have been involved, including >1,200 deployed to West Africa for >50,000 person workdays. Efforts have included supporting incident management systems in affected countries; mobilizing partners; and strengthening laboratory, epidemiology, contact investigation, health care infection control, communication, and border screening in West Africa, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, and the United States. All efforts were undertaken as part of national and global response activities with many partner organizations. CDC was able to support community, national, and international health and public health staff to prevent an even worse event. The Ebola virus disease epidemic highlights the need to strengthen national and international systems to detect, respond to, and prevent the spread of future health threats.

Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ayotte, Joseph D.; Flanagan, Sarah M.; Morrow, William S.

2007-01-01

Water-quality data collected from 1,426 wells during 1993-2003 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program were evaluated to characterize the water quality in glacial and bedrock aquifers of the northern United States. One of the goals of the NAWQA program is to synthesize data from individual studies across the United States to gain regional- and national-scale information about the behavior of contaminants. This study focused on the regional occurrence and distribution of uranium and 222radon in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the United States as well as in the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems that underlie the glacial aquifer system. The occurrence of uranium and 222radon in ground water has long been a concern throughout the United States. In the glacial aquifers, as well as the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems of the United States, concentrations of uranium and 222radon were highly variable. High concentrations of uranium and 222radon affect ground water used for drinking water and for agriculture. A combination of information or data on (1) national-scale ground-water regions, (2) regional-scale glacial depositional models, (3) regional-scale geology, and (4) national-scale terrestrial gamma-ray emissions were used to confirm and(or) refine the regions used in the analysis of the water-chemistry data. Significant differences in the occurrence of uranium and 222radon, based primarily on geologic information were observed and used in this report. In general, uranium was highest in the Columbia Plateau glacial, West-Central glacial, and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer groups (75th percentile concentrations of 22.3, 7.7, and 2.9 micrograms per liter (ug/L), respectively). In the Columbia Plateau glacial and the West-Central glacial aquifer groups, more than 10 percent of wells sampled had concentrations of uranium that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 ug/L; in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group, 4 percent exceeded 30 ug/L. Ground-water samples with high concentrations of uranium were commonly linked to geologic sources rich in uranium. In eight of nine aquifer groups defined for this study, concentrations of uranium correlated significantly with concentrations of sulfate in ground water (Spearman's rho = 0.20 to 0.56; p < 0.05). In the Columbia Plateau, glacial aquifers were derived in part from basaltic lava flows, some felsic volcanic rocks, and some paleo-lake bed materials that may be rich in uranium. In the Columbia Plateau and West-Central glacial aquifer groups, uranium correlated with total dissolved solids, bicarbonate, boron, lithium, selenium, and strontium. In the West-Central glacial aquifer group, rocks such as Cretaceous marine shales, which are abundant in uranium, probably contribute to the high concentrations in ground water; in the southern part of this group, which extends into Nebraska, the glacial or glacial-related sediment may be interbedded with uranium-rich materials that originated to the north and west and in the Rocky Mountains. In New England, crystalline bedrock that is granitic, such as two-mica granites, as well as other high-grade metamorphic rocks, has abundant uranium that is soluble in the predominantly oxic to sub-oxic geochemical conditions. This appears to contribute to high uranium concentrations in ground water. The highest 222radon concentrations were present in samples from wells completed in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group; the median value (2,122 picocurries per liter (pCi/L)) was about 10 times the median values of all other aquifer groups. More than 25 percent of the samples from the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group wells had 222radon concentrations that exceeded the USEPA Alternative

Infectious Disease in a Warming World: How Weather Influenced West Nile Virus in the United States (2001–2005)

PubMed Central

Soverow, Jonathan E.; Wellenius, Gregory A.; Fisman, David N.; Mittleman, Murray A.

2009-01-01

Background The effects of weather on West Nile virus (WNV) mosquito populations in the United States have been widely reported, but few studies assess their overall impact on transmission to humans. Objectives We investigated meteorologic conditions associated with reported human WNV cases in the United States. Methods We conducted a case–crossover study to assess 16,298 human WNV cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome measures were the incidence rate ratio of disease occurrence associated with mean weekly maximum temperature, cumulative weekly temperature, mean weekly dew point temperature, cumulative weekly precipitation, and the presence of ≥ 1 day of heavy rainfall (≥ 50 mm) during the month prior to symptom onset. Results Increasing weekly maximum temperature and weekly cumulative temperature were similarly and significantly associated with a 35–83% higher incidence of reported WNV infection over the next month. An increase in mean weekly dew point temperature was significantly associated with a 9–38% higher incidence over the subsequent 3 weeks. The presence of at least 1 day of heavy rainfall within a week was associated with a 29–66% higher incidence during the same week and over the subsequent 2 weeks. A 20-mm increase in cumulative weekly precipitation was significantly associated with a 4–8% increase in incidence of reported WNV infection over the subsequent 2 weeks. Conclusions Warmer temperatures, elevated humidity, and heavy precipitation increased the rate of human WNV infection in the United States independent of season and each others’ effects. PMID:19654911

Vital Signs: Trends in Reported Vectorborne Disease Cases — United States and Territories, 2004–2016

PubMed Central

Lindsey, Nicole P.; Fischer, Marc; Gregory, Christopher J.; Hinckley, Alison F.; Mead, Paul S.; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Waterman, Stephen H.; Drexler, Naomi A.; Kersh, Gilbert J.; Hooks, Holley; Partridge, Susanna K.; Visser, Susanna N.; Beard, Charles B.; Petersen, Lyle R.

2018-01-01

Introduction Vectorborne diseases are major causes of death and illness worldwide. In the United States, the most common vectorborne pathogens are transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes, including those causing Lyme disease; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; and West Nile, dengue, and Zika virus diseases. This report examines trends in occurrence of nationally reportable vectorborne diseases during 2004–2016. Methods Data reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for 16 notifiable vectorborne diseases during 2004–2016 were analyzed; findings were tabulated by disease, vector type, location, and year. Results A total 642,602 cases were reported. The number of annual reports of tickborne bacterial and protozoan diseases more than doubled during this period, from >22,000 in 2004 to >48,000 in 2016. Lyme disease accounted for 82% of all tickborne disease reports during 2004–2016. The occurrence of mosquitoborne diseases was marked by virus epidemics. Transmission in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa accounted for most reports of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases; West Nile virus was endemic, and periodically epidemic, in the continental United States. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice Vectorborne diseases are a large and growing public health problem in the United States, characterized by geographic specificity and frequent pathogen emergence and introduction. Differences in distribution and transmission dynamics of tickborne and mosquitoborne diseases are often rooted in biologic differences of the vectors. To effectively reduce transmission and respond to outbreaks will require major national improvement of surveillance, diagnostics, reporting, and vector control, as well as new tools, including vaccines. PMID:29723166

International Federation of Library Associations Annual Conference. Papers of the Special Libraries Division: Geographical and Map, Science and Technology and Social Science Libraries Sections (47th, Leipzig, East Germany, August 17-22, 1981).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sprudzs, Adolf; And Others

This set of eight papers includes papers presented by participants from the United States, France, East Germany, the United Kingdom, West Germany, and the USSR: "Problems with Sources of Information in International Law and Relations: The Case of the World-Wide Treaty Jungle," by Adolf Sprudzs; "French Map Libraries and National and…

Looking for Trouble: A Policymaker’s Guide to Biosensing

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

impacted the continental United States and Canada include Legionnaires ’ disease (1977), HIV/AIDS (1981), West Nile virus (1999), and SARS (2003...5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME... S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) National Defense University,Center for Technology and National Security Policy,300 5th Avenue SW, Fort Lesley J. McNair,Washington

Ecological Status of Wyoming Streams, 2000-2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peterson, David A.; Hargett, Eric G.; Wright, Peter R.; Zumberge, Jeremy R.

2007-01-01

The ecological status of perennial streams in Wyoming was determined and compared with the status of perennial streams throughout 12 States in the western United States, using data collected as part of the Western Pilot Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP-West). Results for Wyoming are compared and contrasted in the context of the entire EMAP-West study area (west-wide) and climatic regions (based on aggregated ecoregions) within Wyoming. In Wyoming, ecological status, estimated as the proportion of the perennial stream length in least disturbed, most disturbed, and intermediate disturbance condition, based on ecological indicators of vertebrate and invertebrate assemblages was similar, in many cases, to the status of those assemblages determined for EMAP-West. Ecological status based on chemical and physical habitat stressors also was similar in Wyoming to west-wide proportions in many cases. Riparian disturbance was one of the most common physical stressors west-wide and in Wyoming. The estimates of riparian disturbance indicated about 90 percent of the stream length in the xeric climatic region in Wyoming was rated most disturbed, compared to about 30 percent rated most disturbed in the mountain climatic region in Wyoming. Results from analyses using a macroinvertebrate multi-metric index (MMI) and macroinvertebrate ratio of observed to expected taxa (O/E) developed specifically for the west-wide EMAP study were compared to results using a macroinvertebrate MMI and O/E developed for Wyoming. Proportions of perennial stream length in various condition categories determined from macroinvertebrate MMIs often were similar in Wyoming to proportions observed west-wide. Differences were larger, but not extreme, between west-wide and Wyoming O/E models. An aquatic life use support decision matrix developed for interpreting the Wyoming MMI and O/E model data indicated about one-half of the stream length statewide achieves the State's narrative aquatic life use criteria, and the remainder of the stream length either exceeds the criteria, indicating partial or non-support of aquatic life Wyominguses, or is undetermined. These results provide initial estimates of aquatic life use support at a statewide basis as required for 305(b) reporting, and coupled with current and future State-level probability survey designs, a foundation for tracking conditions over time at multiple scales.

West Nile Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System

PubMed Central

Winkelmann, Evandro R.; Luo, Huanle; Wang, Tian

2016-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic single-stranded flavivirus has been the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis worldwide.  Up to 50% of WNV convalescent patients in the United States were reported to have long-term neurological sequelae.  Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for humans.  Animal models have been used to investigate WNV pathogenesis and host immune response in humans.  In this review, we will discuss recent findings from studies in animal models of WNV infection, and provide new insights on WNV pathogenesis and WNV-induced host immunity in the central nervous system. PMID:26918172

West Nile virus: a primer for the otolaryngologist.

PubMed

Michaelson, Peter G; Mair, Eric A

2005-03-01

Since recognition in the United States with a 1999 New York City epidemic, West Nile virus has enduringly migrated westward, leaving few states unaffected. Infection rates are rising at an alarming rate, doubling every year since introduction, with more than 9800 cases in 2003 alone and more than 260 deaths. Patients may present with myriad symptoms including a maculopapular rash that affects the face and trunk and diffuse lymphadenopathy, both of which may result in the initial consultation of the otolaryngologist. We review the clinical history of West Nile virus and its epidemiology, laboratory findings, and variable clinical presentation, with an emphasis on otolaryngologic manifestations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING COMPREHENSIVE: review of the literature over the past 50 years with an emphasis on what the present-day otolaryngologist needs to know concerning West Nile virus. Clinical manifestations of the head and neck such as encephalitis, meningitis, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy and dysphagia are discussed. To date, there are no articles in the otolaryngology literature discussing West Nile virus. These patients may present initially to multiple providers in diverse specialties because of multifarious initial signs and symptoms. The otolaryngologist must be educated on this quickly growing affliction and practice with a high index of suspicion. In this article we describe the clinical manifestations of West Nile virus, with an emphasis on the otolaryngologic manifestations. The otolaryngologist must become educated about this entity to facilitate preventative measures, adequately treat, and assist other providers in hopeful control and potential eradication of this infectious threat.

Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes along the east coast of the United States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orville, R. E., Sr.; Pyle, R. B.; Henderson, R. W.; Orville, R. E., Jr.; Weisman, R. A.

1985-01-01

A magnetic direction-finding network for the detection of lightning cloud-to-ground strikes has been installed along the east coast of the United States. Most of the lightning occurring from Maine to Florida and as far west as Ohio is detected. Time, location, flash polarity, stroke count, and peak signal amplitude are recorded in real time. Flash locations, time, and polarity are displayed routinely for research and operational purposes. Flash density maps have been generated for the summers of 1983 and 1984, when the network only extended to North Carolina, and show density maxima in northern Virginia and Maryland.

Stable Isotope Identification of Nitrogen Sources for United States (U.S.) Pacific Coast Estuaries

EPA Science Inventory

We used natural abundance stable isotope data to evaluate nitrogen sources to U.S. west coast estuaries. We collected δ15N of macroalgae data and supplemented this with available data from the literature for estuaries from Mexico to Alaska. Stable isotope ratios of green m...

Strategic Estimate: India

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-16

the two major ranges is the narrow valley of the ...although lower, is also prominent and rises south of the Northern Plains to form the Aravalli Range in the west and the jungle- covered Chota Nagpur... The global components of the United States’ national security are defined by its national interests. These are delineated in the

77 FR 51825 - Certain Drill Bits and Products Containing Same; Determination To Review an Initial Determination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-27

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-844] Certain Drill Bits and Products... sale for importation, and the sale within the United States after importation of certain drill bits and... Christensen Trading Inc. of Panama; and Intermountain Drilling Supply Corp. of West Valley City, Utah. On June...

The 3 C's for College German: Communication, Culture, and Commerce.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Livingston, Kreimhilde I. R.

The existing German curriculum should be updated to include career-oriented, career-related language courses, especially in German commercial language, since West Germany is one of the world's most important trading countries and the United States is a major trading partner. Language fluency alone is not sufficient for employment in international…

75 FR 34989 - Board of Visitors, United States Military Academy (USMA)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-21

... issues. DATES: Thursday, July 8, 2010, at 9 a.m.-11 a.m. ADDRESSES: Building 600 (Taylor Hall... security screening. 4. Location: Building 600 (Taylor Hall), Superintendent's Conference Room. 5. Purpose... (MASG), 646 Swift Road, West Point, NY 10996-1905 or faxed to the Designated Federal Officer (DFO) at...

Ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and spruce-fir forests [Chapter 2

Treesearch

Michael A. Battaglia; Wayne D. Shepperd

2007-01-01

Before European settlement of the interior west of the United States, coniferous forests of this region were influenced by many disturbance regimes, primarily fires, insects, diseases, and herbivory, which maintained a diversity of successional stages and vegetative types across landscapes. Activities after settlement, such as fire suppression, grazing, and logging...

The Blind Leading the Blind: Goalball as Engaged Scholarship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Rheenen, Derek

2016-01-01

The paper describes an engaged scholarship course at a large public research university on the west coast of the United States. The pilot course introduces students to the scholarship on disability framed within the cultural studies of sport. Participants engage with existing literature while actively participating in goalball, a sport designed…

Assessment of Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica, as a biological control agent of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo) is an herbaceous perennial weed that was introduced and has become invasive in the United States, particularly in the semi-arid west. It is characterized by its extensive root system, low seed production, and persistence. The weed has caused serious...

Maybeso Experimental Forest.

Treesearch

Valerie Rapp

2004-01-01

The Maybeso Experimental Forest is in southeast Alaska within the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States and home to the Northern Hemi-sphere's largest temperate rain forest. Located about 42 miles west of Ketchikan, Alaska, it is on Prince of Wales Island, the largest island of the Alexander Archipelago and the third largest...

Sex Differences in Occupational Attainment: A Twelve-Nation Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roos, Patricia A.

Differences in the occupational attainment patterns of men and women were investigated by using data from 12 industrial societies. The sample consisted of employed persons 20 to 64 years of age working full- or part-time in the United States, Australia, Denmark, Finland, West Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Norway, Sweden,…

Hemlock Looper

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service Northern Area State & Private Forestry and Region 8

1992-01-01

The hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria is a defoliating insect native to North America. It occurs in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia and west to Wisconsin. The larvae can be extremely destructive to hemlock, balsam fir, and white spruce. During an outbreak it will also feed on many other species including: larch, red and black spruce, cedar, jack pine...

33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

76 FR 13592 - Fisheries Off West Coast States; Highly Migratory Species Fisheries; Amendment 2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... FMP as management unit species or ecosystem component species; (2) Potential application of the MSRA...: Notice of availability of an amendment to a fishery management plan; request for comments. SUMMARY: NMFS announces that the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) has submitted Amendment 2 to the Fishery...

Osceola. The Story of an American Indian.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Robert Proctor

Osceola was the guiding spirit and moving force behind the Second Seminole War. In 1830, when it became the official policy of the United States government to move all the Eastern Indians to a new Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, the Seminoles resisted. Under Osceola's leadership, a thousand Seminole warriors held off the entire…

30 CFR 260.102 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... United States, as specified in the lease, in the amount or value of the production saved, removed, or..., in the amount or value of the production saved, removed, or sold. OCS lease sale means the Department... minutes West longitude. (See part 203 of this title.) Production period means the period during which the...

Social Studies: A Bibliography for Grade 6. Canada and Its Atlantic Neighbours.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saskatchewan Education, Training and Employment, Regina. Curriculum and Instruction Branch.

This annotated bibliography is designed to assist Canadian educators in choosing a variety of appropriate resources to meet the needs of the grade 6 social studies curriculum, "Canada and Its Atlantic Neighbours." Those neighbors include the United States, France, Mexico, the Caribbean, Ireland, Brazil, and the nations of West Africa.…

40 CFR 435.50 - Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory. 435.50 Section 435.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... continental United States and west of the 98th meridian for which the produced water has a use in agriculture...

40 CFR 435.50 - Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory. 435.50 Section 435.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... continental United States and west of the 98th meridian for which the produced water has a use in agriculture...

40 CFR 435.50 - Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the beneficial use subcategory. 435.50 Section 435.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... continental United States and west of the 98th meridian for which the produced water has a use in agriculture...

33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

33 CFR 334.930 - Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Weapons Station, Seal Beach. 334.930 Section 334.930 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS... Bay Harbor, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach. (a) The restricted area. The water of Anaheim Bay Harbor between the east and west jetties at the United States Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach...

Cross-Cultural Study of Adaptive Behavior in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, Glen C.; And Others

The study of coping may lead to a better understanding of how children develop adaptive or maladaptive behaviors. Cross-cultural studies were conducted in 1965 and in 1968 with 10- and 14-year-old children from Brazil, England, Italy, Japan, Mexico, West Germany, Yugoslavia, and the United States. Attributes of attitudes, motivation, and coping…

76 FR 65495 - Grant of Authority for Subzone Status, Cabela's Inc., (Hunting, Fishing, Camping and Related...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Order No. 1791] Grant of Authority for Subzone... United States, to expedite and encourage foreign commerce, and for other purposes,'' and authorizes the... benefit and is in the public interest; Whereas, the West Virginia Economic Development Authority, grantee...

A Study of Junior College Level Physics in German Speaking Europe.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riggs, Roderick D.

The purpose of this study was to analyze physics instruction in West Germany, Austria, and German-speaking Switzerland at levels comparable to junior colleges in the United States, and to compare this with the physics instruction offered at Jackson Community College (Jackson, Michigan). The investigator spent four months interviewing faculty and…

GREEN CATALYZED OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT SYSTEMS GENERATED BY PARIS II DECHEMA; GREEN SOLVENTS FOR CATALYSIS - ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN REACTION MEDIA

EPA Science Inventory

Green catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons in alternative solvent systems generated by PARIS II
Thomas M. Becker, Michael A. Gonzalez, Paul F. Harten; Sustainable Technology Division, Office of Research and Development; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Mar...

Taming the Wild West’ - Integrating the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

thought to convert tribal areas into industrial zones. The key features which keep investors away are the volatile 71 Abu Bakar . “War on Terror...stm Atlas of United States History: Hammond World Atlas Corporation, 2004. Bakar , Abu . “War on Terror Highlights Development Needs in Tribal Areas...

THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF ESTUARIES: A FOCUS ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO COASTS OF THE UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

Monitoring the estuaries of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coastlines was performed annually from 1990 to 1997 to assess ecological conditions on a regional basis for four biogeographic provinces. These province estimates - Virginian, Carolinian, West Indian, and Louisiani...

Status and prospects for the yellow perch genetic improvement program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In 2004, a broodstock improvement program was initiated with the aim of developing defined geographic strains of yellow perch that have been selected for improved growth. Following a survey of 19 populations ranging from the Mid-West to the Eastern coast of the United States, and subsequent efforts ...

A Pan-Pacific Samoan Population/Language Dominance Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Naerssen, Margaret M.

Population and language dominance data were gathered on Samoans from New Zealand to the West Coast of the United States, in order to assist educational programs in coordinating the development of classroom and teacher training materials and programs for Samoan students. It is hoped that by pinpointing locations where Samoans are most likely to be…

Great plains, Chapter 11

Treesearch

C.M. Clark

2011-01-01

The North American Great Plains are the largest contiguous ecoregion in North America, covering 3.5 million square km2, or 16 percent of the continental area (CEC 1997). In the United States, the Great Plains ecoregion encompasses a roughly triangular region (Figure 2.2), bordered on the west by the Rocky Mountains and the southwestern deserts in...

Chapter 36: Status of Forest Habitat of the Marbled Murrelet

Treesearch

David A. Perry

1995-01-01

Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) have been shown to be dependant upon old-growth forests for nesting habitat. These forests have declined over the last century as they are cut for human use. This paper reviews the current status of old-growth forests along the west coast, in both the United States and Canada.

49 CFR 71.6 - Central zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.6 Central zone. The third zone, the central standard time zone, includes that part of the United States that is west of the boundary line between the eastern and central standard time zones described in § 71.5 and east of the...

49 CFR 71.4 - Eastern zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Eastern zone. 71.4 Section 71.4 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.4 Eastern zone. The second zone, the eastern standard time zone, includes that part of the United States that is west of 67°30″ W...

49 CFR 71.8 - Mountain zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.8 Mountain zone. The fourth zone, the mountain standard time zone, includes that part of the United States that is west of the boundary line between the central and mountain standard time zones described in § 71.7 and east of the...

76 FR 78052 - Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., et al.; Notice of Application and Temporary Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. IC-29881; 812-13987] Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., et al... entered against Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (``Wells Fargo Bank'') on December 9, 2011 by the United States.... Applicants: Wells Fargo Bank, First International Advisors, LLC (``First International''), Metropolitan West...

Islam as a Civilization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butterworth, Charles E.

2012-01-01

The attention in the West, especially in the United States, now accorded Islam and those who conduct themselves according to its precepts betrays woeful ignorance of both. As Graham Fuller has persuasively argued in his recent book, "A World Without Islam", Western culture owes much to Islam as well as to Muslims and would be greatly impoverished…

Ponderosa pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Russell T. Graham; Theresa B. Jain

2005-01-01

Ponderosa pine is a wide-ranging conifer occurring throughout the United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico. Since the 1800s, ponderosa pine forests have fueled the economies of the West. In western North America, ponderosa pine grows predominantly in the moist and dry forests. In the Black Hills of South Dakota and the southern portion of its range, the...

A Native Species Restoration Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holiday, Susan

2003-01-01

The southwestern United States is experiencing the third year of a perhaps long-term drought. Many places in the West are considered desert, with less than 10 inches of rainfall per year. Because of local drought conditions, conservation of water is essential. Leupp, Arizona, where the author teaches, is situated on the Colorado Plateau, a region…

Impact of the eocene on the evolution of Pinus L.

Treesearch

Constance I. Millar

1993-01-01

Pinus evolved in middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Mesozoic. By the late Cretaceous pines had spread east and west throughout Laurasia, attaining high diversity in eastern Asia, the eastern United States, and western Europe, but having little representation at high northern latitudes. Changing climates in the early Tertiary...

Expected net benefit of vaccinating rangeland sheep against bluetongue virus using a modified-live versus killed virus vaccine

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Recurring outbreaks of bluetongue virus in large rangeland sheep flocks in the Intermountain West of the United States have prompted questions about the economic benefits and costs of vaccinating individual flocks against bluetongue disease. We use enterprise budgets and stochastic simulation to est...

Microwave Processing of Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

up to many meters in electrically insulating materials, such as ceramics, polymers, and certain composite materials. As discussed in Chapter 2, the...for University of Illinois, Urbana Center: High Performance Polymeric Materials Technology 1206 West Green Street Adhesives & Composites United...Michigan State University, application of microwave processing to polymers and polymer composites Dr. Raymond Decker, University Science Partners

To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1449 West Avenue in Bronx, New York, as the "Private Isaac T. Cortes Post Office".

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Crowley, Joseph [D-NY-7

2010-09-23

Senate - 12/22/2010 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

A Franco-American Overview. Volume 2. Midwest and West.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Andre, Comp.

Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the second of six volumes, presents 15 readings representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of…

International Analog Criticism: The "Scandignation" Addresses of Willy Brandt and Richard Nixon.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaly, Ingeborg

The resignation speeches of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt and United States President Richard Nixon are compared and the rhetorical efficacy of each figure is assessed in this paper. Analog criticism is employed to support the argument that in the particular subgenre of "scandignation" addresses, Brandt came much closer than Nixon…

Next generation sequencing of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum 'Premier') and transcriptome comparisons to highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) genomic resources

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Vaccinium virgatum (syn V. ashei) is commonly known as rabbiteye blueberry and native to the Southeastern United States. Cultivars are typically grown from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas for commercial blueberry production. In the Southeast, plants exhibit superior environmental ...

Flood Tolerance and Related Characteristics of Trees of the Bottomland Forests of the Southern United States

Treesearch

J. Sid McKnight; Donal D. Hook; O. Gordon Landgon; Robert L. Johnson

1980-01-01

The Southern bottomland forests encompass about 12.5 million hectares (30.8 million acres) from Virginia, south to the sub-tropical hardwood forests of south Florida, west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma, and north up the Mississippi River Valley to southern Illinois and Indiana.

Modified longwall mining with a German coal planer. Progress report 2. Completion of mining in three adjacent panels in Pocahontas No. 4 bed, Helen, West Virginia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haley, W.A.; Quenon, H.A.

1954-01-01

The progress of mechanical longwall coal mining in the United States is described in which a German coal planer was employed. Operating data of planer mining in three panels at the mine are summarized.

The Battle of Hampton Roads: A Revolution in Military Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-06

when the USS Weehawken sank while anchored in calm water, because she was overweight in the bow with ammunition. The bilge pumps in the stern were...the French Fleet, to the North America/West Indies Squadron to counter the United States Navy, to the Pacific Squadron to counter Chile and Peru , and to

77 FR 29617 - Intent to Grant a Partially Exclusive Patent License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-18

... License AGENCY: The United States Air Force, DOD. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the provisions of Part 404 of Title..., having a place of business at 33 West First Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402, a partially exclusive license.../190,520, filed July 26, 2011, titled ``Using Software-based Decision Procedures to Control Instruction...

The Green-Striped Mapleworm

Treesearch

Louis F. Wilson

1963-01-01

The green-striped mapleworm. (Anisota rubicunda (Fab.)), a native of North America, is distributed widely throughout the eastern half of the United States and the southern parts of adjacent Canadian Provinces. Its southern range extends from the Carolina coast to the gulf coast in Alabama and Mississippi. It 'has been recorded as far west as Nebraska and Kansas....

Red-cockaded woodpecker status and management: West Gulf Coastal Plain and Interior Highlands

Treesearch

D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner; Richard R. Schaefer; Daniel Saenz; Dawn K. Carrie; N. Ross Carrie; Ricky W. Maxey; Warren G. Montague; Joe Neal; Kenneth Moore; John Skeen; Jeffrey A. Reid

2004-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpecker populations declined precipitously following European settlement and expansion and cutting of the original pine forests across the southeastern United States. By 1990 most residual populations lacked demographic viability, existed in degraded habitat, and were isolated from other populations. The primary causes of this situation were harvest of...

The International Academic Profession: Portraits of Fourteen Countries. Special Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altbach, Philip G., Ed.

This analysis of the academic profession in 14 nations was based on responses received from an international survey of nearly 20,000 college and university faculty members from Australia, Brazil, Chile, England, West Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. Data were analyzed and…

Mountaintop mining consequences

Treesearch

M.A. Palmer; E.S. Bernhardt; W.H. Schlesinger; K.N. Eshleman; E. Foufoula-Georgiou; M.S. Hendryx; A.D. Lemly; G.E. Likens; O.L. Loucks; M.E. Power; P.S. White; P.R. Wilcock

2010-01-01

There has been a global, 30-year increase in surface mining (1), which is now the dominant driver of land-use change in the central Appalachian ecoregion of the United States (2). One major form of such mining, mountaintop mining with valley fills (MTM/VF) (3), is widespread throughout eastern Kentucky, West Virginia (WV), and southwestern Virginia. Upper elevation...

Skyline Harvesting in Appalachia

Treesearch

J. N. Kochenderfer; G. W. Wendel

1978-01-01

The URUS, a small standing skyline system, was tested in the Appalachian Mountains of north-central West Virginia. Some problems encountered with this small, mobile system are discussed. From the results of this test and observation of skyline systems used in the western United States, the authors suggest some machine characteristics that would be desirable for use in...

A Low Cost Microcomputer Laboratory for Investigating Computer Architecture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Eugene E., Ed.

1980-01-01

Described is a microcomputer laboratory at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, which provides easy access to non-volatile memory and a single input/output file system for 16 microcomputer laboratory positions. A microcomputer network that has a centralized data base is implemented using the concepts of computer network…

The longleaf pine forest: trends and current conditions

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt; Raymond M. Sheffield

1996-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems once occupied perhaps as much as 60 million acres in the Southeastern United States (fig. l), stretching from southeastern Virginia south to central Florida and west into eastern Texas (Stout and Marion 1993). These fire-dependent ecosystems covered a wide range of site conditions, from low, wet...

Redox state of earth's upper mantle from kimberlitic ilmenites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haggerty, S. E.; Tompkins, L. A.

1983-01-01

Temperatures and oxygen fugacities are reported on discrete ilmenite nodules in kimberlites from West Africa which demonstrate that the source region in the upper mantle is moderately oxidized, consistent with other nodule suites in kimberlites from southern Africa and the United States. A model is presented for a variety of tectonic settings, proposing that the upper mantle is profiled in redox potential, oxidized in the fertile asthenosphere but reduced in the depleted lithosphere.

An examination of factors influencing the spatial distribution of foraging bats in pine stands in the southeastern United States.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Menzel, Michael, A., Jr.

Menzel, M.A. 2003. An examination of factors influencing the spatial distribution of foraging bats in pine stands in the Southeastern United States. Ph.D Dissertation. Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences at West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. 336 pp. The general objective of this dissertation was to determine the effect of changes in forest structure on bat activity patterns in southern pine stands. Four sub studies are included in the dissertation: (1) An examination of the homerange size, habitat use and diet of four reproductively active male Rafinesque's big eared bats (Corynorhimus rafinesquii); (2) An examination of themore » diet of 5 reproductively active male Rafinesque's big eared bats; (3) A comparison of bat activity levels in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina among 5 vegetational community types: forested riparian areas, clearcuts, young pine plantations, mature plantations, and pine savannahs; (4) A summarization of information concerning the natural history of all bat species common in the SPR.« less

Sagebrush Ecosystems Under Fire

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Downs, Janelle L.

Since settlement of the western United States began, sagebrush (Artemisia L. spp.) ecosystems have decreased both in quantity and quality. Originally encompassing up to 150 million acres in the West, the “interminable fields” of sage described by early explorers (Fremont 1845) have been degraded and often eliminated by conversion to agriculture, urbanization, livestock grazing, invasion by alien plants, and alteration of wildfire cycles (Hann et al. 1997; West 1999). More than half of the original sagebrush steppe ecosystems in Washington have been converted to agriculture and many of the remaining stands of sagebrush are degraded by invasion of exotic annualsmore » such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Today, sagebrush ecosystems are considered to be one of the most imperiled in the United States (Noss, LeRoe and Scott 1995), and more than 350 sagebrush-associated plants and animals have been identified as species of conservation concern (Suring et al. 2005; Wisdom et al. 2005). The increasing frequency of wildfire in sagebrush-dominated landscapes is one of the greatest threats to these habitats and also presents one of the most difficult to control.« less

The Tri-State Experience. Outcome Analysis of Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treated at Marshall University.

PubMed

Matt, Laurie; Mozayen, Mohammad; Gress, Todd; Tirona, Maria Tria

2015-01-01

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women in the United States. It is the second most common malignancy to cause death, with approximately 39,000 women dying of breast cancer in the United States in 2013. Triple negative breast cancer is defined as the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors. It has been associated with a higher incidence in African American women, a younger age and a more advanced stage at diagnosis, and an inferior overall survival. To recognize the differences of our West Virginia community population when compared to the national average, we conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000-2012.

Early Identification and Prevention of the Spread of Ebola - United States.

PubMed

Van Beneden, Chris A; Pietz, Harald; Kirkcaldy, Robert D; Koonin, Lisa M; Uyeki, Timothy M; Oster, Alexandra M; Levy, Deborah A; Glover, Maleeka; Arduino, Matthew J; Merlin, Toby L; Kuhar, David T; Kosmos, Christine; Bell, Beth P

2016-07-08

In response to the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, CDC prepared for the potential introduction of Ebola into the United States. The immediate goals were to rapidly identify and isolate any cases of Ebola, prevent transmission, and promote timely treatment of affected patients. CDC's technical expertise and the collaboration of multiple partners in state, local, and municipal public health departments; health care facilities; emergency medical services; and U.S. government agencies were essential to the domestic preparedness and response to the Ebola epidemic and relied on longstanding partnerships. CDC established a comprehensive response that included two new strategies: 1) active monitoring of travelers arriving from countries affected by Ebola and other persons at risk for Ebola and 2) a tiered system of hospital facility preparedness that enabled prioritization of training. CDC rapidly deployed a diagnostic assay for Ebola virus (EBOV) to public health laboratories. Guidance was developed to assist in evaluation of patients possibly infected with EBOV, for appropriate infection control, to support emergency responders, and for handling of infectious waste. CDC rapid response teams were formed to provide assistance within 24 hours to a health care facility managing a patient with Ebola. As a result of the collaborations to rapidly identify, isolate, and manage Ebola patients and the extensive preparations to prevent spread of EBOV, the United States is now better prepared to address the next global infectious disease threat.The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S. and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).

Preliminary map of temperature gradients in the conterminous United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guffanti, M.; Nathenson, M.

1980-09-01

Temperature gradients have been determined from temperature/depth measurements made in drill holes deeper than 600 m and used in the construction of a temperature-gradient map of the conterminous United States. The map displays temperature gradients (in /sup 0/C/km) that can be expected to exist regionally in a conductive thermal regime to a depth of 2 km. The major difference between this map and the AAPG-USGS temperature-gradient map is in the midcontinental region where the AAPG-USGS map does not demarcate a division between colder eastern and warmer western thermal regimes. A comparison with the heat-flow map of Sass et al. (1980)more » indicates that temperature gradients commonly reflect regional heat flow, and the gross east-west division of the United States on the basis of heat flow is also expressed by temperature gradient.« less

United States Air Force 611th Civil Engineer Squadron, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska. Final engineering evaluation/cost analysis potential tce impact to the drinking water supply, Galena Airport, Alaska

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-02-05

This decision document presents the selected removal action to address potential trichloroethene (TCE) impact to drinking water supply wells, located in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) site ST009, otherwise known as the West Unit, at Galena Airport, Alaska. The information fron the RI Report is summarized, along with an analysis of potential removal action alternatives, in the Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA).

Clinical Management of Ebola Virus Disease in the United States and Europe.

PubMed

Uyeki, Timothy M; Mehta, Aneesh K; Davey, Richard T; Liddell, Allison M; Wolf, Timo; Vetter, Pauline; Schmiedel, Stefan; Grünewald, Thomas; Jacobs, Michael; Arribas, Jose R; Evans, Laura; Hewlett, Angela L; Brantsaeter, Arne B; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Rapp, Christophe; Hoepelman, Andy I M; Gutman, Julie

2016-02-18

Available data on the characteristics of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) and clinical management of EVD in settings outside West Africa, as well as the complications observed in those patients, are limited. We reviewed available clinical, laboratory, and virologic data from all patients with laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus infection who received care in U.S. and European hospitals from August 2014 through December 2015. A total of 27 patients (median age, 36 years [range, 25 to 75]) with EVD received care; 19 patients (70%) were male, 9 of 26 patients (35%) had coexisting conditions, and 22 (81%) were health care personnel. Of the 27 patients, 24 (89%) were medically evacuated from West Africa or were exposed to and infected with Ebola virus in West Africa and had onset of illness and laboratory confirmation of Ebola virus infection in Europe or the United States, and 3 (11%) acquired EVD in the United States or Europe. At the onset of illness, the most common signs and symptoms were fatigue (20 patients [80%]) and fever or feverishness (17 patients [68%]). During the clinical course, the predominant findings included diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia; 14 patients (52%) had hypoxemia, and 9 (33%) had oliguria, of whom 5 had anuria. Aminotransferase levels peaked at a median of 9 days after the onset of illness. Nearly all the patients received intravenous fluids and electrolyte supplementation; 9 (33%) received noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation; 5 (19%) received continuous renal-replacement therapy; 22 (81%) received empirical antibiotics; and 23 (85%) received investigational therapies (19 [70%] received at least two experimental interventions). Ebola viral RNA levels in blood peaked at a median of 7 days after the onset of illness, and the median time from the onset of symptoms to clearance of viremia was 17.5 days. A total of 5 patients died, including 3 who had respiratory and renal failure, for a mortality of 18.5%. Among the patients with EVD who were cared for in the United States or Europe, close monitoring and aggressive supportive care that included intravenous fluid hydration, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, nutritional support, and critical care management for respiratory and renal failure were needed; 81.5% of these patients who received this care survived.

Regional variation in drug purchase opportunity among youths in the United States, 1996-1997.

PubMed

James, Kirk E; Wagner, Fernando A; Anthony, James C

2002-03-01

This study was designed to examine geographic variation in illegal drug purchase opportunity among young people living in the United States; there was a subfocus on age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Data from the 1996-1997 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse were analyzed; the nationally representative sample of community residents included 21,531 participants aged 12-24 years old. Respondents were asked if someone had approached them to sell them an illegal drug during the past 30 days. To protect respondents' confidentiality, there is no finegrained geographical coding of data in the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse public use data files, but nine geographical divisional indicators are provided (i.e., West North Central, New England, etc.). Results indicated males were an estimated 1.8 times more likely than females to have had a recent illicit drug purchase opportunity, and urban residents were 1.5 times more likely than rural residents to have had a recent drug purchase opportunity. As for geographic divisions, the Pacific division surpassed all other divisions: Its residents were 1.5 times more likely to have recent drug purchase opportunities than the West North Central division (used here as a reference category). After controlling statistically for age, sex, and urban/rural residence, residence in four divisions was found to be associated with greater likelihood of an illicit drug purchase opportunity. The observed patterns of drug purchase opportunity add new features to our understanding of illicit drug involvement across the United States.

Assessing the Risk of Establishment of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the United States and Globally.

PubMed

Wakie, Tewodros T; Yee, Wee L; Neven, Lisa G

2018-05-28

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest of cherries (Prunus spp.) (Rosaceae) in Europe and Asia. In 2016, R. cerasi was detected in Ontario, Canada, and in 2017 in New York State, USA, the first records of this pest in North America. The initial detections in Canada caused concern for the major cherry-growing states of Michigan, Washington, Oregon, and California in the United States. Establishment of R. cerasi in the United States could restrict cherry exports to other markets and increase costs needed for fly control, but it is unknown if R. cerasi can establish in U.S. commercial cherry regions. Here, we used the CLIMEX ecological niche model to determine the risk of establishment of R. cerasi in the United States and globally. Within the United States under a no-irrigation scenario, R. cerasi would establish in the East and West Coasts; however, under an irrigation scenario, its distribution would expand to the major cherry-growing regions in the interior of central and eastern Washington and in California. Results also showed that if introduced, R. cerasi would likely establish in eastern China, Japan, the Koreas, Australia, New Zealand, South America, South Africa, Mexico, and Canada. Host plant (Prunus spp. and Lonicera spp. [Caprifoliaceae]) presence, although not included in models, would affect fly establishment. Our results stress the importance of surveying for R. cerasi to prevent its spread and establishment within the United States and other countries.

Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970

USGS Publications Warehouse

Murray, Charles Richard; Reeves, E. Bodette

1972-01-01

The average annual streamflow--simplified measure of the total available water supply--is approximately 1,200 bgd in the conterminous United States. Total water withdrawn in 1970 for off-channel uses (withdrawals other than for hydroelectric power) amounted to about 30 percent of the average annual streamflow: 7 percent of the 1,200 bgd basic supply was consumed. However, comparisons of Water Resources Council regions indicate that the rate of withdrawal was higher than the locally dependable supply in the Middle Atlantic, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, Lower Colorado, and California-South Pacific regions. Consumption amounted to nearly 25 percent of withdrawals in the conterminous United States; however, fresh-water consumption amounted to only 14 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the 31 Eastern States and ranged from 30 percent to nearly 70 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the Water Resources Council regions in the West. In the Rio Grande and Lower Colorado regions, fresh-water consumption in 1970 exceeded the estimated dependable supply of fresh water.

Effectiveness of Emission Controls to Reduce the Atmospheric Concentrations of Mercury.

PubMed

Castro, Mark S; Sherwell, John

2015-12-15

Coal-fired power plants in the United States are required to reduce their emissions of mercury (Hg) into the atmosphere to lower the exposure of Hg to humans. The effectiveness of power-plant emission controls on the atmospheric concentrations of Hg in the United States is largely unknown because there are few long-term high-quality atmospheric Hg data sets. Here, we present the atmospheric concentrations of Hg and sulfur dioxide (SO2) measured from 2006 to 2015 at a relatively pristine location in western Maryland that is several (>50 km) kilometers downwind of power plants in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Annual average atmospheric concentrations of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), SO2, fine particulate mercury (PBM2.5), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) declined by 75%, 75%, 43%, and 13%, respectively, and were strongly correlated with power-plant Hg emissions from the upwind states. These results provide compelling evidence that reductions in Hg emissions from power plants in the United States had their intended impact to reduce regional Hg pollution.

On the Use of NASA Earth Observations to Characterize the 2012 US Drought

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawford, Richard; Toll, David; Doorn, Bradley; Entin, Jared; Mocko, David; Svoboda, Mark; Rodell, Matthew; Koster, Randy; Schubert, Siegried; Liang, Xin-Zhong;

Asia-Pacific: A Strategic Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

States and its allies. A clash between China and the U.S.-led West over the basic principles of the extant international system may be an unavoidable...course of action. The question is whether China’s effort to promote change is civilized or violent, the latter of which is traditionally a recipe for...Pacific would be big enough for the United States and China (the Secretary’s remarks at the Pacific Islands Forum, Cook Islands, August 31, 2012). But

65. March 1978. Copy of enlargement from original 11Omm blackandwhite ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

65. March 1978. Copy of enlargement from original 11Omm black-and-white aerial negative from Sortie 414, made by United States Air Force, Tactical Reconaissance Wing, Ninth Air Force, at Shaw Air Force Base, Sumter, South Carolina. Overhead aerial view of Borough House with surrounding grounds and adjacent properties. - Borough House, West Side State Route 261, about .1 mile south side of junction with old Garners Ferry Road, Stateburg, Sumter County, SC

Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fullerton, David S.; Bush, Charles A.; Pennell, Jean N.

2003-01-01

This data set contains surficial geologic units in the Eastern and Central United States, as well as a glacial limit line showing the position of maximum glacial advance during various geologic time periods. The geologic units represent surficial deposits and other surface materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, such as soils, alluvium, and glacial deposits. These surface materials are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmented and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of a continent. This data set and the printed map produced from it, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geologic Investigation Series I-2789, were based on 31 published maps in the USGS's Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420). The data were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale, to be viewed as a digital map at 1:2,000,000 nominal scale and to be printed as a conventional paper map at 1:2,500,000 scale.

Using benchmarking techniques and the 2011 maternity practices infant nutrition and care (mPINC) survey to improve performance among peer groups across the United States.

PubMed

Edwards, Roger A; Dee, Deborah; Umer, Amna; Perrine, Cria G; Shealy, Katherine R; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M

2014-02-01

A substantial proportion of US maternity care facilities engage in practices that are not evidence-based and that interfere with breastfeeding. The CDC Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) showed significant variation in maternity practices among US states. The purpose of this article is to use benchmarking techniques to identify states within relevant peer groups that were top performers on mPINC survey indicators related to breastfeeding support. We used 11 indicators of breastfeeding-related maternity care from the 2011 mPINC survey and benchmarking techniques to organize and compare hospital-based maternity practices across the 50 states and Washington, DC. We created peer categories for benchmarking first by region (grouping states by West, Midwest, South, and Northeast) and then by size (grouping states by the number of maternity facilities and dividing each region into approximately equal halves based on the number of facilities). Thirty-four states had scores high enough to serve as benchmarks, and 32 states had scores low enough to reflect the lowest score gap from the benchmark on at least 1 indicator. No state served as the benchmark on more than 5 indicators and no state was furthest from the benchmark on more than 7 indicators. The small peer group benchmarks in the South, West, and Midwest were better than the large peer group benchmarks on 91%, 82%, and 36% of the indicators, respectively. In the West large, the Midwest large, the Midwest small, and the South large peer groups, 4-6 benchmarks showed that less than 50% of hospitals have ideal practice in all states. The evaluation presents benchmarks for peer group state comparisons that provide potential and feasible targets for improvement.

Community Economic Identity: The Coal Industry and Ideology Construction in West Virginia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Shannon Elizabeth; York, Richard

2010-01-01

Economic changes and the machinations of the treadmill of production have dramatically reduced the number of jobs provided by extractive industries, such as mining and timber, in the United States and other affluent nations in the post-World War II era. As the importance of these industries to national, regional, and local economies wanes,…

Comics and War: Transforming Perceptions of the Other through a Constructive Learning Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jorenby, Marnie K.

2007-01-01

During World War II the United States and Japan experienced what Rouhana and Bar-Tal described as "a clash of narratives between two societies". The Japanese envisioned themselves as heroes saving Asia from western colonisation, while the Americans felt the need to defend the West from the "Yellow Peril". In the research…

Protecting and restoring longleaf pine forests on the Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Michael Elliot-Smith; Finis Harris; Alton Martin

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests once constituted a major ecosystem in the Southern United States stretching from southeastern Virginia south to central Florida and west into East Texas. These forests covered a wide range of site conditions, from wet pine flatwoods to dry mountain slopes. Intensive exploitation reduced the extent of old-...

Invasive Blackberry Species in Oregon, USA: Their Identity and Susceptibility to Rust Disease, and Implications for Biological Control

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two of five species of European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. Aggregate) along the West Coast of the United States are invasive, and they are also similar in appearance. Biological control by Phragmidium violaceum, causal agent of a rust disease, was under consideration when rust-diseased blackber...

Yucca L.: yucca

Treesearch

Robert R. Alexander; Floyd W. Pond; Jane E. Rodgers

2008-01-01

There are about 30 species of yucca native to North America and the West Indies. Although most of these long-lived, evergreen plants grow in the arid southwestern United States and on Mexican tablelands, yuccas are found up to 2,400 m in elevation in the mountains of Colorado (Arnott 1962; Webber 1953). Four western species are considered here (table 1). Great Plains...

Join the Army and See the World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galgano, Francis A., Jr.

2007-01-01

This article maintains that nobody has a bigger stake in successful global cultural education than the United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York. Since the early 1990s, a bipolar world dominated by two superpowers has evolved into a world with a far less certain strategic outlook. This has spawned an increase in nontraditional…

The Relationship between Global Competence and Language Learning Motivation: An Empirical Study in Critical Language Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semaan, Gaby; Yamazaki, Kasumi

2015-01-01

This article examines the relationship between global competence and second language learning motivation in critical language classrooms. Data were collected from 137 participants who were studying critical languages (Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Persian) at two universities on the East and West Coasts of the United States, using a 30-item…

Indicators of rangeland health and functionality in the Intermountain West

Treesearch

Renee A. O' Brien; Curtis M. Johnson; Andrea M. Wilson; Van C. Elsbernd

2003-01-01

Rangelands comprise about 42 percent of the land area of the United States and provide vital land functions such as watershed, multiple-use, recreation, and other amenities. Currently, we do not know the status and trends of many of our nation's rangelands, and consistent protocols for describing rangeland system dynamics across land management agencies are...

76 FR 41490 - Board of Visitors, United States Military Academy (USMA)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-14

...: Jefferson Hall Library, Haig Room. West Point, NY. 5. Purpose of the Meeting: This is the 2011 Summer... through 102-3.165, and the availability of space, this meeting is open to the public. Seating is on a... public attending open meetings will be allowed to present questions from the floor or speak to any issue...

76 FR 60816 - Board of Visitors, United States Military Academy (USMA)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

.... Location: Jefferson Hall Library, Haig Room. West Point, NY. 5. Purpose of the Meeting: This is the 2011... availability of space, this meeting is open to the public. Seating is on a first-come basis. 8. Committee's... provide time for member consideration. By rule, no member of the public attending open meetings will be...

Saving West Coast salmon

Treesearch

Robert T. Lackey

2008-01-01

Wild salmon in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and southern British Columbia are in serious trouble. South of the Canadian/United States border, most runs are less than 10 percent of their pre-1850 levels and over two dozen are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Similarly, several runs in British Columbia are listed under...

Defining old growth for fire-adapted forests of the Western United States

Treesearch

Merrill R. Kaufmann; Daniel Binkley; Peter Z. Fule; Johnson Marlin; Scott L. Stephens; Thomas W. Swetnam

2007-01-01

There are varying definitions of old-growth forests because of differences in environment and differing fire influence across the Intermountain West. Two general types of forests reflect the role of fire: 1) forests shaped by natural changes in structure and species makeup-plant succession-that are driven by competitive differences among species and individual trees...

Interpersonal Violence and Sexual Assault: Trauma-Informed Communication Approaches in University Counseling Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoshimura, Christina Granato; Campbell, Kimberly Brown

2016-01-01

A university in the United States Mountain West utilized grant resources to track counseling services for students who were currently experiencing or who had historically experienced relationship violence, sexual assault and/or stalking. This report reflects on the first 2 years of this program, including an overview of prevalence and reporting…